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17328358

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill%20Hill%20Historic%20District

Windmill Hill Historic District

The Windmill Hill Historic District is a historic district encompassing a large rural landscape in Jamestown, Rhode Island. It is bounded on the north by Eldred Avenue, on the east by East Shore Road, on the south by Great Creek, and on the west by Narragansett Bay. The area's historical resources included six farmsteads, as well as the Quaker Meetinghouse, the Jamestown Windmill, and its associated miller's house and barn. The area is predominantly rolling hills with open pastureland and forest. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The area is also rich in prehistoric evidence of Native American occupation, which is the subject of the Jamestown Archeological District listing on the National Register. See also Watson Farm, a museum farm operated by Historic New England located in the district National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References External links Historic districts in Newport County, Rhode Island Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island Jamestown, Rhode Island Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island

23571558

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget%20Dirrane

Bridget Dirrane

Bridget Dirrane (15 November 1894 – 31 December 2003) was an Irish nurse, centenarian and memoirist. Early life Bridget Dirrane was born in Oatquarter in the townland of Kilmurvey on Inishmore, Aran Islands, County Galway on 15 November 1894. She was the youngest child of Joseph Gillan and Maggie (née Walsh). Her father was a weaver of flannel cloth and had a small farm. She had four brothers and three sisters. Her oldest brother was a fisherman, who died at age 21 in 1901, and her father died before 1911. Despite this hardship, all of the children went to school, with one of her brothers becoming an Irish teacher, and later an Irish inspector. The family spoke Irish at home, but they were all bilingual with English. Dirrane was schooled at the national school in Oatquarter until the age of 14. She left to work in local homes, looking after children. When she wrote her memoirs late in life, Dirrane claimed to have met Joseph Plunkett, Éamonn Ceannt, Thomas MacDonagh, Thomas Ashe and Patrick Pearse when they visited the island, visiting a house where she looked after the children, discussing politics and plans for the Easter Rising with them. She was a republican, becoming a member of Cumann na mBan in 1918 while she was working for Fr Matthew Ryan as a housekeeper. She was involved in drilling and assisting fugitives from the authorities. Because of their known republican sympathies, the Black and Tans raided the Gillan family homes. Career Dirrane moved to Dublin in 1919 to train in St Ultan's Hospital as a nurse. She was still under surveillance, being arrested alongside her employer Claude Chavasse when she was working as a nurse in his house. She was held in Dublin Bridewell for two days before being transferred to Mountjoy. In the time of her imprisonment, she was not charged or put on trial. Her refusal to speak English angered the guards, culminating in her going on hunger strike for a number of days in 1920 until she was released. She took part in the Cumann na mBan vigil outside of Mountjoy in November 1920, when Kevin Barry was hanged. She worked in Richard Mulcahy's house for two years, before emigrating to the United States in 1927 to continue her career as a nurse. She worked in Boston where she was an active member of the Irish emigrant community alongside former neighbours from the Aran Islands and some relatives. She worked in a hotel for a time, but returned to nursing after her marriage to Edward 'Ned' Dirrane in November 1932 in the Jamaica Plain section of Boston. Ned was a labourer in Boston, was also from Inishmore, died from heart failure in 1940. Dirrane continued her career nursing in hospitals and as a district nurse. On 13 May 1940, she naturalised as US citizen. During World War II, she worked as a nurse in a munitions factory, and at a US Army Air Forces bomber base in Mississippi. She canvased for John F. Kennedy in the Irish community in South Boston when he ran for president in 1960. Jean Kennedy Smith visited Dirrane in 1997 in Galway to acknowledge her contribution. Dirrane also met Senator Edward Kennedy. Later life Following her retirement, Dirrane lived with her nephew, but she returned to the Aran Islands in 1966 at age 72. There she lived with her brother-in-law, Pat Dirrane, a widower with three grown sons. They married in a private ceremony on 27 April 1966. She continued to live on the island after Pat's death on 28 February 1990, living with her stepson. She eventually moved into a nursing home in Newcastle in the suburbs of Galway. When she celebrated her 100 birthday, she funded a statue of Our Lady Mary at a holy well in Corough on Inishmore. At age 103, the matron of Dirrane's nursing home arranged for a local writer Jack Mahon to record Dirrane's memories and collate the into a book. The book, A woman of Aran, was published in 1997 and was a bestseller for several weeks. Dirrane was awarded an honorary degree, an MA honoris causa, from NUI Galway in May 1998, the oldest person to ever receive one. Dirrane died on 31 December 2003, aged 109, in Galway. She was buried on Inishmore. References External links RTÉ coverage of Dirrane receiving her honorary degree in 1998 1894 births 2003 deaths Irish nurses Irish people of World War II Irish centenarians Women centenarians

17328375

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Slice%20of%20Life%20%28short%20story%29

A Slice of Life (short story)

"A Slice of Life" is a short story by the British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. A part of the Mr. Mulliner series, the story was first published in the UK in 1926 in The Strand Magazine, and appeared almost simultaneously in Liberty in the United States. It also appears in the collection Meet Mr. Mulliner. The main character in this story, Wilfred Mulliner, plays off-stage parts in "Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo". Plot Wilfred Mulliner, the inventor of Mulliner's Magic Marvels, a set or creams and lotions that help "alleviate the many ills to which the flesh is heir", falls in love with Angela Purdue and recommends Mulliner's Raven Gypsy Face-Cream to help her keep her sunburn on. Angela fears that her guardian, Sir Jasper ffinch-ffarrowmere, will not approve of the marriage and her fears seem to be realized when the guardian arrives at Wilfred's home with a message from Angela calling the engagement off. Wilfred suspects the work of the dastardly baronet and being a man of action sets forth for Yorkshire where the baronet lives at ffinch Hall and, while wandering around the grounds at night, he hears a woman sobbing. Within a week, Wilfred enters the house as a valet (he bribes Sir Jasper's valet and replaces him as his cousin) disguised in a red wig and blue spectacles. Soon after entering the house he follows Sir Jasper carry a tray of food to a room at the top of the house. Convinced that Angela is being held in the room against her will, he resolves to rescue her but is unable to find a key in the baronet's room and has no idea how to get hold of it. Over the next few days, he worries, loses weight, and Sir Jasper, who has a weight problem of his own (he can't lose it) decides to get an indoor Turkish cabinet bath inside which he gets stuck. "First, I must have the key." Wilfred demands the key to Angela's room as the price for releasing the baronet. "Give me the key, you Fiend," he cries. "ffiend," corrects Sir Jasper, automatically. To Wilfred's surprise, it turns out that the key is not with the baronet but with Angela. She refuses to let him in because his suntan cream has turned her piebald. To cut a long story short, Mulliner's Snow of the Mountains Lotion fixes the piebald-ness, Mulliner's Reduc-O takes care of Sir Jasper's weight problem, Mulliner's Ease-o relieves the butler's lumbago, and everyone lives happily ever after. Publication history The story was illustrated by Charles Crombie in the Strand. Wallace Morgan illustrated the story in Liberty. "A Slice of Life" was published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (US) in June 1955. The 1932 collection Nothing But Wodehouse, edited by Ogden Nash and published in the US by Doubleday, Doran & Company, included the story. "A Slice of Life" was collected in the Mulliner Omnibus, published by Herbert Jenkins in the UK in 1935, and in the second edition titled The World of Mr. Mulliner, published by Barrie & Jenkins in 1972. It was included in the 1960 collection The Most of P. G. Wodehouse, published by Simon and Schuster, New York. Adaptations The story was adapted for radio in 2002 as part of a series with Richard Griffiths as Mr Mulliner. The cast also included Matilda Ziegler as Miss Postlethwaite, Angela, and a cook, Peter Acre as a Port and Sir Jasper, Martin Hyder as a Light Ale and Jenkins, David Timson as a Pint of Stout and Murgatroyd, and Tom George as a Small Bitter and Wilfred. It first aired on BBC Radio 4 on 4 December 2002. See also List of Wodehouse's Mr Mulliner stories References Notes Sources Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse 1926 short stories Works originally published in The Strand Magazine

23571559

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpVg%20Aurich

SpVg Aurich

SpVg Aurich is a German football club from the city of Aurich, Lower Saxony. History The club was founded on 14 July 1911 as the descendant of the city's first football club, Fußballvereinigung Aurich, established in 1909. In 1938, the club was merged with Mannerturnverein 1862 Aurich to create Turn- und Sport Aurich von 1862. The union lasted until 13 May 1951 when the two clubs went their separate ways. Playing as TuS Aurich the club was part of the Gauliga Oldenburg-Friesland (I) in 1943–44 where they finished their campaign in fifth place. The club played just three matches in the war-shortened 1944–45 season. After the breakup of TuS in 1951, SpVg advanced to the Oberliga Niedersachsen/Bremen in 1994 where earned a series of lower table finishes over the course of three seasons. The club was relegated after a 14th-place result in 1996–97. By the early to middle 2000s SpVg played in Landesliga (V) and the Bezirksliga (VI) until a 2007 championship there put it back in the Landesliga, which became sixth tier the next year. By 2012 it reached the Kreisliga Aurich/Wittmund (VIII) after two consecutive relegation places two seasons before, but went back to the Bezirksliga Wesewr Ems by winning its district championship. References External links Official team site Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Lower Saxony 1911 establishments in Germany Association football clubs established in 1911

20464628

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Brains%20discography

Bad Brains discography

This is a comprehensive discography of Bad Brains, a Washington, D.C.-based hardcore punk band that also plays reggae and uses styles of funk and heavy metal into their music. To date, the band has released nine full-length studio albums (including an instrumental dub album), four EPs, four live recordings, one compilation album, one demo album, and more than a dozen singles. Studio albums Live albums Compilation albums Demo albums Extended plays Singles Music videos Other appearances Let Them Eat Jellybeans! (Alternative Tentacles LP, 1981) featured the 45 version of "Pay to Cum" New York Thrash (ROIR cassette, 1982) featured the songs "Regulator" and "Big Takeover" from Bad Brains Rat Music for Rat People (CD Presents, 1982) (Songs "How Low Can a Punk Get?" and "You") Pump Up the Volume Motion Picture Soundtrack (1990) (Song "Kick Out the Jams" with Henry Rollins) H.R. appeared on the song "Without Jah, Nothin'" by P.O.D., track 13 on the 2001 album Satellite. H.R. also appeared on the song "New Sun" on Long Beach Dub All-Stars' debut album Right Back (1999). The band contributed the music of "Re-Ignition" to a remix of Lil Jon's "Real Nigga Roll Call". "I Against I" appeared in the video game Matt Hoffman's Pro BMX 2 as well as EA's Skate. "Soul Craft" was featured in the video game Backyard Wrestling 2. "Banned in D.C." appeared in the video game Tony Hawk's Proving Ground. "Banned in D.C." also appeared in the video game Saints Row. "Right Brigade" appeared in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV. A considerable part of the punk documentary American Hardcore (2006) is devoted to Bad Brains. H.R. and Darryl Jenifer contributed to "Riya" on rapper Ill Bill's album The Hour of Reprisal. "Re-Ignition" is heavily sampled on drum and bass producer Hive's "Ultrasonic Sound." References External links Entry at 45cat.com Punk rock group discographies Reggae discographies Discographies of American artists Discography Heavy metal group discographies

23571561

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Coy

Harry Coy

Henry Frederick "Harry" Coy (4 February 1900 – 17 July 1962) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1920s. Coy, who started his career at Port Melbourne in 1919, was signed up by Melbourne after two Victorian Football Association (VFA) seasons. He became Melbourne's full-back and was an important player in the 1926 premiership team. In the 1926 Grand Final, Coy kept Collingwood's Gordon Coventry to just two goals, despite the forward having kicked 81 goals for the year leading into the game. References Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing. External links 1900 births Melbourne Football Club players Port Melbourne Football Club players Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia) 1962 deaths People educated at Scotch College, Melbourne Melbourne Football Club Premiership players One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players

23571567

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIAA

FIAA

FIAA may refer to: Federation of Indian Automobile Associations Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries of Australia Fellow of the Israel Association of Actuaries Florida Interscholastic Athletic Association Front Islamique Arabe de l'Azawad Furnishing Industry Association of Australia Future Instructors of America Association First In Adoption Act Fiaa may refer to : an alternative spelling for Fih, Lebanon

17328400

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitenga%20Department

Zitenga Department

Zitenga is a department or commune of Oubritenga Province in northern-central Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Zitenga. According to the 1996 census the department has a total population of 40,773. Towns and villages Zitenga (644 inhabitants) (capital) Andem (1 798 inhabitants) Bagtenga (913 inhabitants) Barkoundouba-Mossi (716 inhabitants) Bendogo (644 inhabitants) Bissiga-Mossi (597 inhabitants) Bissiga- Yarcé (1 700 inhabitants) Boalla (494 inhabitants) Dayagretenga (981 inhabitants) Dimianema (1 056 inhabitants) Itaoré (504 inhabitants) Kogmasgo (448 inhabitants) Kolgdiessé (410 inhabitants) kologkom (422 inhabitants) Komnogo (176 inhabitants) Lallé (1 015 inhabitants) Leléxé (1 280 inhabitants) Lemnogo (1 409 inhabitants) Nagtaoli (281 inhabitants) Nambéguian (704 inhabitants) Nioniokodogo Mossi (375 inhabitants) Nioniokodogo peulh (1 122 inhabitants) Nioniopalogo (669 inhabitants) Nonghin (1 237 inhabitants) Ouatinoma (964 inhabitants) Pedemtenga (1 316 inhabitants) Poédogo (419 inhabitants) Sadaba (3 788 inhabitants) Samtenga (401 inhabitants) Souka (528 inhabitants) Tamasgo (1 127 inhabitants) Tampanga (312 inhabitants) Tampelga (1 084 inhabitants) Tampouy-Silmimossé (124 inhabitants) Tampouy-Yarcé (1 203 inhabitants) Tanghin (989 inhabitants) Tanghin Kossodo peulh (336 inhabitants) Tankounga (2 009 inhabitants) Tanlili (1 696 inhabitants) Tiba (477 inhabitants) Toanda (1 039 inhabitants) Yamana (1 222 inhabitants) Yanga (354 inhabitants) Yargo (871 inhabitants) Zakin (573 inhabitants) Zéguédéguin (346 inhabitants) References Departments of Burkina Faso Oubritenga Province

20464629

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Botswana%20general%20election

2009 Botswana general election

General elections were held in Botswana on 16 October 2009, alongside local elections, with early voting in 26 polling stations abroad taking place 3 October. The result was a tenth successive victory for the Botswana Democratic Party, which won 45 of the 57 elected seats in the National Assembly. Electoral system The 57 directly-elected members of the National Assembly were elected in single-member constituencies. A further four members were elected from a list nominated by the President, whilst the President and Attorney General became ex officio members. Campaign The ruling BDP was suffering from internal problems leading up to the election, with President Ian Khama threatening to expel party leader and former cabinet minister Daniel Kwelagobe, who also led the rival Barata-Phathi faction within the BDP. Although Khama and Kwelagobe eventually reconciled, stability within the BDP remained in question. The BDP campaign focused on its record in government, including education, training and economic development. Botswana National Front leader Otsweletse Moupo did not contest the elections after losing the party's primary elections for his Gaborone West North seat. It was speculated that he would stand for election in Gaborone South, but Moupo ultimately declined to run. The BNF campaign centred around creating a strong civil society and improving social welfare and housing. The Botswana Congress Party (BCP) and the Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM) formed an electoral alliance and supported each other's candidates. BCP leader Gilson Saleshando stood for election in Selebi-Phikwe West, a constituency held prior to the election by BDP candidate Kavis Kario. The alliance's campaign included a pledge to stop the economic downturn. The Botswana People's Party (BPP) campaign focused on agricultural development and manufacturing, whilst the MELS Movement of Botswana (MELS) promised to fight the exploitation of the population. A total of 177 candidates contested the elections; 57 from the BDP, 48 from the BNF, 46 from the BCP-BAM alliance (42 from the BCP and 4 from the BAM), 6 from the BPP, 4 from MELS, one from the Botswana Tlhoko Tiro Organisation and 15 independents. Opinion polls Very few scientific opinion polls were taken prior to the election, preventing accurate measures of public sentiment. Conduct Early voting was planned for police and polling officers on 29 September, as they would be unable to vote on election day. However, because of a printing error at the Johannesburg-based printer that was responsible for printing the ballot papers, early voting could not proceed as planned; ballot numbers, which should be unique to counter election fraud, were sometimes repeated on the ballots for local elections. As a result Police officers and polling officers had to vote on 16 October, along with the general public. For officers stationed far away from the place they are registered to vote, this presented serious problems. The BCP threatened legal action against the Independent Electoral Commission. Election turnout was reported to be high with polling station opening times being extending to cope with large queues. Election observers stated that the overall process ran smoothly, although in some instance people had been unable to vote. The Southern African Development Community noted that the elections were "credible, peaceful, free and fair", but raised concerns about the "slow polling process". Results Nehemiah Modubule, MP for Lobatse, won re-election running as an independent, having been elected in 2004 as a BNF candidate. Aftermath The BDP held a victory rally in Gaborone on 18 October, and President Khama was sworn in for his first full term on 20 October. See also List of members of the National Assembly of Botswana 2009–2014 References Botswana 2009 in Botswana Elections in Botswana

23571577

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1145%20papal%20election

1145 papal election

The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians. Election of Eugene III Pope Lucius II, during the whole of his pontificate, had to face the municipal commune at Rome, hostile towards the secular rule of the popes in the Eternal City. The republican faction elected Giordano Pierleoni, brother of the former Antipope Anacletus II, to the post of senator, and demanded that Lucius relinquish all temporal matters into his hands. The pope refused and led a small army against the seat of the commune on Capitol. He was defeated and seriously wounded in this attack, and died on 15 February 1145 in the church of S. Gregorio in clivo scauri. The cardinals present at Rome quickly assembled in the church of San Cesareo in Palatio and on the very same day unanimously elected to the papacy Bernardo da Pisa, pupil of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who was abbot of the Cistercian monastery of S. Anastasio alle Tre Fontane near Rome and probably did not belong to the College of Cardinals. The elect took the name of Eugene III. Due to hostility of the Roman people, his consecration took place in the monastery of Farfa on 18 February 1145. Cardinal-electors There were probably 40 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in February 1145. Based on examination of the subscriptions of the papal bulls in 1145 and the available data about the external missions of the cardinals it is possible to establish that no more than 34 cardinals participated in the election: Thirteen electors were created by Pope Innocent II, nine by Celestine II, eleven by Lucius II, one by Pope Callixtus II and one by Pope Paschalis II. Absentees Notes Sources 12th-century elections 1145 1145 1145 in Europe 12th-century Catholicism

23571579

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Technology%20%28EP%29

Human Technology (EP)

The Human Technology EP is an extended play released by the composer BT in 2005 under the Human Imprint label. It contains two remixes of two different songs from BT's fourth studio album, Emotional Technology. The two songs remixed were "Knowledge of Self", a track featuring the Gang Starr rapper Guru, and "The Great Escape", a track featuring Caroline Lavelle, with remixes by Evol Intent and Alliance, respectively. It is BT's fifth EP and most recent to date. Track listing References 2005 EPs BT (musician) EPs

20464638

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th%20Light%20Dragoons

19th Light Dragoons

The 19th Light Dragoons was a cavalry regiment of the British Army created in 1781 for service in British India. The regiment served in India until 1806, and in North America during the War of 1812, and was disbanded in Britain in 1821. History Great Britain On 25 April 1779 warrants were issued to raise three regiments of light dragoons, the 19th, 20th and 21st, to address potential French aggression during the American Revolutionary War. The 19th was made up of drafts from the 1st and 2nd Dragoon Guards and the 4th and 10th Dragoons. The 19th did not see overseas service and was disbanded in June 1783. India The regiment was raised by Colonel Sir John Burgoyne (a cousin of General John Burgoyne) as the 23rd Regiment of Light Dragoons on 24 September 1781 for service in India. There had been no European cavalry to that date in India, and successive commanders there had called upon the regular British Army to supply a cavalry unit. The regiment arrived at Fort St. George, Madras in 1782 and became the first British cavalry regiment to serve in India. In 1786, the regiment was renumbered as the 19th Regiment of Light Dragoons. The 19th played a major role in the Anglo-Mysore Wars and Anglo-Maratha Wars. Their first campaign was against Tipu Sultan of Mysore from 1790 to 1792. After defeating Tipu, the 19th were on garrison duty until 1799 when war broke out with Tipu again. This time, the Sultan was killed during the Siege of Seringapatam in May 1799. In 1800, the 19th fought Dhondia Wagh's rebel army and in 1803, led by Major-General Arthur Wellesley (who later became the Duke of Wellington), they participated in the Battle of Assaye in September 1803. In this battle, the outnumbered British troops defeated a Maratha army and the regiment was subsequently awarded the battle honour of "Assaye" and presented with an honorary colour. The 19th Light Dragoons then spent time garrisoning various British outposts. They were stationed at Cheyloor in 1802, at Arcot in 1803, in Bombay in 1804, and at Arcot again from 1805 to 1806. The regiment was summoned to Vellore on the night of 10 July 1806 to rescue the 69th Regiment of Foot who had been the victims of a revolt by Indian sepoys. North America The regiment embarked for England on 20 October 1806, and remained in Britain until the outbreak of the war with the United States in 1812. The 19th were one of three British regular cavalry units that served in North America during the War of 1812, and the only one to serve in Canada. (The 14th Light Dragoons served on campaign in New Orleans but had no horses, The 6th Inniskilling Dragoons served on the East coast of the United States.) The regiment's first three squadrons arrived at Quebec City in May 1813 and were mounted on horses procured in Lower Canada. Two squadrons were sent to Upper Canada where they were involved in the blockade and re-capture of Fort George, and the destruction of Black Rock and Buffalo in New York State. Elements of the two squadrons participated in Colonel Thomas Pearson's delaying action against Brigadier General Winfield Scott's brigade during the American invasion of 1814. They subsequently fought at the Battle of Chippawa in July 1814, the Battle of Lundy's Lane later in the month and the Siege of Fort Erie in August 1814. Another troop pursued American raiders who had struck at Battle of Malcolm's Mills in November 1814. For these actions, the regiment earned the battle honour of "Niagara". The other squadron had been stationed south of Montreal at The Halfway house (Saint Luc area as well as Fort Lennox and The Block houses along the Lacolle border) and participated in the Battle of Plattsburgh in September 1814. In the autumn of 1814, the two squadrons serving on the Niagara rejoined the other squadron. The regiment served south of Montreal until the end of the war. They were sent back to England in August 1816. Disbandment The 19th Light Dragoons were re-equipped as lancers in September 1816 and renamed the 19th Lancers. The regiment remained in Britain until it was disbanded on 10 September 1821 due to reductions in size of the British Army. In 1862, the 19th Hussars were created and given permission to inherit the battle honours of the 19th Light Dragoons. Regimental Colonels Colonels of the regiment were: 23rd Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (1781) 1781–1785: Sir John Burgoyne, Bt. 19th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (1786) 1786–1814: Gen. Sir William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, KB 1814–1815: Gen. Sir William Payne, Bt. 19th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (Lancers) (1816) 1815–?1821: Gen. Sir John Ormsby Vandeleur, GCB 1821: Regiment disbanded Notes References External links 19th Light Dragoons in the War of 1812 Uniforms of the 19th Light Dragoons 19th Light Dragoons at FIBIS 19th Light Dragoons re-enactment group Cavalry regiments of the British Army Light Dragoons Dragoons 19th Light Dragoons officers 1781 establishments in Great Britain 1821 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Military units and formations established in 1781 Military units and formations disestablished in 1821 British military units and formations of the War of 1812

20464663

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bowers%20%28bishop%29

John Bowers (bishop)

John Phillips Allcot Bowers (15 May 1854 – 6 January 1926) was Bishop of Thetford in the Church of England in 1903–1926. John Bowers was born in Portsea, Portsmouth, Hampshire and educated at Magdalen School and St John's College, Cambridge. His first post after ordination was as a Curate at Coggeshall. From 1882 to 1903 he was Domestic Chaplain to the Bishop of Gloucester and went on to be Diocesan Missioner and a Residentiary Canon at Gloucester Cathedral (1890–1902). In January 1902, he was appointed Archdeacon of Gloucester before his appointment as Bishop of Thetford and Archdeacon of Lynn in 1903 which refers to Kings Lynn. A prominent Freemason, he died in Norwich. References 1854 births People educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge Archdeacons of Gloucester Bishops of Thetford Archdeacons of Lynn 1926 deaths 20th-century Church of England bishops

20464665

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltyansky

Boltyansky

Boltyansky, Boltyanski or Boltyanskii (Russian: Болтянский) is a Russian masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Boltyanskaya. It may refer to Natella Boltyanskaya (born 1965), Russian journalist, singer-songwriter, poet and radio host Vladimir Boltyansky (1925–2019), Russian mathematician Russian-language surnames

23571580

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226

EAS Airlines Flight 4226

EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven. Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. Aircraft The aircraft involved in the crash was a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with a registration 5N-ESF. The aircraft was manufactured in 1980 and was first delivered to TAROM with a Romanian registration of YR-BCN. It was later acquired by Inex-Adria Aviopromet and Ryanair through lease before it was returned to TAROM in 1989. In July 2001, the aircraft was acquired by EAS Airlines and the aircraft entered the fleet later in August. By the time of the crash, the aircraft had accumulated a total of 24,644 flight hours. Two Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan engines powered the aircraft. The left engine was installed in 2000 while the right engine was installed recently in May 2, transferred from the aircraft's sister ship 5N-ESD. The last major maintenance check was conducted in January 2001. Passengers and crews Flight 4226 was carrying 69 passengers and 8 crew members, contrary to initial reports which claimed that the aircraft was carrying 105 passengers. Most of the passengers were Nigerian, with one Lebanese confirmed to be on board Flight 4226. BBC News stated that at least one British passenger was on the flight. Nigeria's Daily Trust reported that three French nationals were among those on board. A total of 23 passengers boarded the aircraft in Kano for Lagos, while 47 Lagos-bound passengers had boarded the aircraft in Jos, the aircraft's previous destination. Among the passengers was Nigeria's Sport Minister Ishaya Mark Aku. He was on his way to attend the 2002 FIFA World Cup warm-up match between Nigeria and Kenya. Julie Useni and Danjuma Useni, the wife and son of former Minister of Federal Capital Territory Jeremiah Useni, were also onboard. The commander of the flight was 49-year-old Captain Peter Abayomi Inneh with a flight hours of more than 14,000 hours, of which 7,000 hours were on the type. He joined EAS Airlines in 2000 and had been flying the BAC One-Eleven ever since. The co-pilot was 47-year-old First Officer Chris Adewole Adegboye. He had accrued a total of more than 8,000 flight hours, of which 3,350 hours were on the type. The flight engineers were Emmanuel Idoko and Muhammad Sarki. Accident Flight 4226 was a flight from Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport in the north of the country to Lagos Murtala Muhammed International Airport in the southwest. Before the flight to Lagos, the aircraft had flown to Jos in nearby Plateau State. When it arrived in Kano, a total of 36 disembarked in Kano and 47 people boarded the aircraft. The flight was expected to take-off at around 13:30 p.m with Captain Peter Inneh and First Officer Chris Adegboye as the pilots. The aircraft was carrying 69 passengers and 8 crew members. The crew requested start-up clearance at 13:19 p.m and the aircraft started to move towards the taxiway. At 12:26 p.m, the aircraft was lined-up with the runway. Captain Peter jokingly stated: "FL280 () for EXW4226, ready for space travel" and the ATC cleared them for take-off from Kano's Runway 23 and gave the crew a brief information regarding the temperature and the weather ahead. After the ATC had completed the report, the crew commenced the take-off roll. Crash During the roll, the controller at the tower noticed that the aircraft was moving sluggishly, pacing much slower than usual. When it passed through the runway treshold, the nose had been in upward position but the landing gears still had not lifted off the ground. The aircraft ended up overrunning the runway end and struck two runway lights. As it overran the runway, burst of dust could be seen from the control tower. It then lifted off outside the runway, but before it could fully lifted off the ground the landing gears struck a ground depression, causing a violent impact that rattled the entire aircraft. The impact caused some parts of the ceilings to come down onto the floor. Following the impact, the aircraft was covered in massive burst of dust. Even though the aircraft had successfully taken off from the runway, its airspeed began to drop and the crew was faced with an impending stall condition. Flight 4226 then began to swerve from side to side. Captain Peter reported to the control tower that he was having an engine failure. He could be heard saying "My take-off is difficult, I heard a sound on my right engine. The aircraft is wobbling. I think I'm in a difficult situation." The crew tried to avoid stalling the aircraft and decided to lower the nose, but their altitude was too low with houses could be seen from the cabin 'just mere meters from the aircraft'. Passengers inside the aircraft were panicking and screaming. People on the ground who witnessed the aircraft coming towards them then scrambled to safety. The aircraft could not gain more altitude and failed to avoid obstacles. It then clipped a minaret of a mosque and then struck numerous houses and a local Islamic school on the ground. The aircraft then flew onto another mosque at full-force and burst into flames. Praying services were held at the local mosques and at least 100 students were in the school complex at the time of the crash. Many buildings collapsed, including the school and mosque. Immediate aftermath Dozens of students, worshippers and local residents were trapped inside the rubble. Eyewitnesses stated that people on the ground began to wail and scream, rushing to the crash site to search for their relatives trapped inside the rubble. According to eyewitness, they heard several calls for help from inside the aircraft. Meanwhile, flames began to quickly spread across the neighborhood. Firefighters reached the crash site within 10 minutes after the accident, but due to the large amount of onlookers and volunteers they couldn't swiftly conduct the rescue operation. The absence of water sources at the crash site and the hostile behaviour from the crowd towards the crew further worsened the situation. They rapidly rad out of water and foam and had to return to the airport to refill their supplies. Eventually, some of the victims who were trapped couldn't be saved from the blaze. The fire quickly spread, burning the trapped victims. Three survivors were evacuated from the crash site and were immediately transported to the nearby hospitals in serious condition. The Lebanese passenger immediately got out of the aircraft's exit door and met with another survivor, who was found lying under a shed. The Lebanese was relatively unharmed, while the other survivor was seriously injured. They both managed to climb up the ruins of a house where they were located at and decided to jump to the roof of a house next door. Both were later taken to a nearby hospital by two local residents. Due to the chaotic situation, soldiers and police officers were deployed to the area. Authorities stated that the local mortuaries had been filled to capacity due to the numbers of the dead and as a result corpses were piled on the floor. Some of the bodies were transported to the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Off-duty emergency workers were called to work in response to the crisis of the disaster. Casualties In the aftermath of the crash, 103 people were killed, including 66 passengers and 7 crew members. The exact number of people who were killed on the ground could not be determined, but the death toll listed more than 30 victims. More than 10 children reportedly perished in the accident. The corpses of the victims were transported to various hospitals in Kano. The Medical Centre of Nigerian Armed Forces reported that they had received 22 bodies, while the city's Murtalla Mohammed General Hospital received 61 bodies. The other 23 were distributed throughout several private hospitals in Kano. Most of the bodies were badly charred. One cabin crew member and 3 passengers survived the crash. There were initially five survivors but one of them eventually succumbed to their injuries. Of the 4 survivors, one survived with no injuries, one with minor injuries while the others were in serious condition. Two survivors had to be sent abroad for treatment due to the severity of their injuries, with one receiving treatment in Cologne. Majority of the survivors were seated at the aft or near the aft of the aircraft. An additional 47 people on the ground were injured in the accident. Of the 47, a total of 24 people were badly injured and the other 23 suffered mild injuries. Rescue workers stated that at least 30 homes had been destroyed in the crash. Nigerian Red Cross added that hundreds had been made homeless. Response Due to the accident, Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo cut short his visit to states in Southern Africa and immediately returned to Abuja to observe the situation. He expressed his sympathy to the victims and stated that two days of national mourning would be held in Nigeria. All Nigerian flags would be flown at half mast throughout the country. He ordered an immediate inquiry into the accident and further added that foreign experts would be invited if necessary. The Emir of Kano, Ado Bayero, along with Governor of Kano State Rabiu Kwankwaso, visited the crash site. The Emir and the Governor later expressed their sympathy to the relatives of the victims. Vice President Atiku Abubakar visited the crash site on May 4, but during his speech angry locals pelted his convoy with stones, prompting the police to fire tear gas onto the crowd. President Obasanjo also visited the crash site on May 6. His visit, however, was also met with fury as families of the victims accused him of "being insensitive". He reportedly visited the crash without prior announcement, under tight security, and avoided taking questions from the public. President Obasanjo pledged a total of $86,000 federal funds to the victims of the crash, further stating that destroyed houses would be rebuilt. Spokesperson for Kano Government stated that the government of Kano would do "anything possible to alleviate their suffering". A relief committee consisted of 21 members was set up by Kano State. The committee would be in charge of collection and distribution of aids to the victims and would be headed by the deputy governor of Kano. Donations of up to 24 million Naira reportedly had been collected from the country. Following the death of Ishaya Mark Aku, the Nigerian Government appointed Nigerian Minister of Police Affairs Stephen Akiga as his successor. In response to the death of Ishaya Mark Aku, Nigeria Football Association cancelled the upcoming football friendly match between Nigeria and China. A total of 56 bodies could not be identified due to their severe condition, most were burnt beyond recognition. Kano government eventually held a mass burial for the unidentified victims. The bodies were carried by six trucks and hundreds of mourners attended the funeral service. Prior to the burial, a prayer service had been held in Gidan Rumfa, the Palace of Emir of Kano. In response to the crash, Nigerian Minister of Aviation Kema Chikwe grounded every BAC One-Eleven in the country. She added that the Nigerian government would no longer register aircraft that had exceeded 22 years old, adding that owners would be given 5 years to phase them out. A thorough review regarding the operation of private airliners in Nigeria would be also conducted. Investigation Nigerian authorities opened an investigation on the crash, with Aviation Minister Kema Chikwe instituted a panel to investigate the crash. The Nigerian federal upper legislative chambers began a public session on the same day of the crash, discussing about the crash as part of the investigation. Managing Director of EAS Airlines, Idris Wada, insisted that the aircraft was still in good condition. He later added that Lloyds Insurance, insurers of the BAC 1-11-500 aircraft which was involved in the crash, has sent a representative from London to investigate the cause of the crash. According to him, the aircraft involved in the crash was fitted with the engine of a grounded EAS Airlines BAC 1-11 aircraft four days before the crash, which raised questions among the senate. He claimed that the practice was not uncommon among the aviation industry. Prior to the fatal crash, the aircraft involved in the incident had been grounded on two previous occasions: once in 2001 for eleven days to perform engine maintenance, and again in 2002 for 52 days to address engine problems. Runway overrun Several possible explanations for the cause of the runway excursion were discussed. The investigation eventually found that there was no technical defects on the aircraft, meaning that it was airworthy to fly. The weather was clear and, while it was hot at the time of the crash, the air density wouldn't have limited the aircraft's ability to take-off safely since investigators considered that the elevation of the airport had not critically affected the aircraft's performance. The actual take-off weight was also within the margin for a safe take-off. Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport was equipped with two runways; Runway 06/24 and Runway 05/23. The former was significantly longer than the latter. At the time of the crash, Runway 06/24 was being renovated and as a result airliners were asked to use Runway 05/23 instead. Despite the change, the selected runway was long enough for the crew to conduct a safe take-off from Kano, but somehow the aircraft managed to overrun the runway. There had been no runway excursion incidents prior to the crash of Flight 4226. Unfortunately, there were no usable flight recorders. The cockpit voice recorder was missing from the crash site. While investigators did manage to recover the flight data recorder, the readout indicated that none of the recordings were from flights in Nigeria. The flight data recorder had never been maintained by EAS Airlines and thus it recorded flights that had been carried out during its operation with previous airliners in Europe. The investigation was effectively hampered by the lack of data from the flight recorders. According to investigators, the most plausible hypothesis was due to the lackadaisical attitude of the pilots during the take-off roll. This was the first time for both flight crew members to fly to Kano. Apparently, both flight crews had been conditioned with the takeoffs on their previous flights, which took place in airports with longer runways. During the take-off roll, the crew didn't take the shorter runway length into account. The crew were probably busy checking the engine parameters and aircraft instruments until they shifted their attention to the runway outside, which was already too late due to the length. The take-off roll was slow, as per the testimony of the on-duty air traffic controller at the time. The airspeed was between V1 and Vr and the aircraft had taken too much runway distance that it was not possible anymore to take any safe evasive actions. The lack of judgement from both flight crew members caused the aircraft to overrun the runway. Even though the hypothesis was plausible, investigators could not confirm whether their hypothesis was actually true due to the lack of data from flight recorders. Therefore, the reasons for the runway overrun could not be determined. Failure to take-off Due to the limited data, investigators had to rely on eyewitness and survivors accounts. The air traffic controller stated that during the take-off roll the aircraft was moving sluggishly and was not at the usual pace for take-off from Runway 23. Following the runway excursion, the aircraft traveled for approximately before it finally took off from the ground. But before it managed to completely take off, the landing gear smashed onto a ground depression, which was used as a transformer pit for the approach light. The aircraft was struck with impact forces of up to 3G - 4G, enough to significantly degrade the aircraft's performance to gain speed. The violent impact also created huge amount of dusts. These dusts were eventually ingested by the engines, causing a reduction of thrust. The engines of the BAC One-Eleven were located at the back of the aircraft. Previous investigations conducted by the AIPB showed that several objects had been propelled into the engines' air intake area by the aircraft's main landing gear due to the dynamic airflow effect on the tires. As the engines acted like a giant vacuum cleaner, there had been cases in which foreign objects were ingested by the engines. In Flight 4226, the dusts that had been propelled by the tires were sucked into the engines. This was proved by the disassembly of the engines, where dusts had been compacted and compressed within the high-pressure section of the turbine, creating a cake formation that had been lodged between the crevices of the compressor casings. The amount of dusts inside the engines resulted in the momentary degradation of the engine's ability to produce thrust. With the degraded performance of the engine, the aircraft could not gain altitude quickly enough. The aircraft's poor performance on gaining altitude was worsened by the configuration of the aircraft. When it lifted off the ground, the landing gear was still in extended position. The landing gear was normally retracted shortly after the crew had obtained a positive rate of climb. In Flight 4226, the runway overran and the subsequent impact with the ground depression might have caused a lot of stress and shock to the flight crew that they simply did nothing. The landing gear down position would have diminished the aircraft's ability to climb adequately. The performance chart of the aircraft stated that due to the landing gear configuration the climb performance of the aircraft during takeoff climb would be reduced by up to . In Flight 4226, instead of recording a positive climb rate, the instruments recorded the descent rate of the aircraft, which was at . Eventually, due to the low altitude of the aircraft, the limited ability to gain altitude and the reduced performance of the aircraft's speed, the aircraft couldn't climb safely from the crowded Gwammaja Quarters. Other findings The investigation also revealed problems regarding the operation of EAS Airlines, particularly on the maintenance culture and the oversight system of Nigeria's aviation industry at the time. The review regarding such issue was conducted with assistance from ICAO and members of United Kingdom's Baines-Simmons. The review discovered that the two certifying engineers who worked on the involved aircraft had been working without adequate breaks. There was no indication that the CVR and the FDR had been inspected on a daily basis and some maintenance data were left uncompleted. EAS Airlines also imposed the practice of maintaining their fleet by cannibalizing one unairworthy aircraft. Despite the findings, investigators stated that there was no evidence that maintenance error had played a role in the crash. However, according to investigators, the findings related to inadequate logbook entries were not uncommon in Nigeria as it used to be the norm for most airliners in the country at the time. The investigation stated that the ruling aviation authority body of Nigeria, NCAA, had not paid enough attention to the country's aviation industry. During an audit on the body, it was revealed that the NCAA had a ramp inspection plan, but it was lacking in details that would have covered every aspects of airworthiness. Conclusion The final report attributed the crash to the crew's inability to safely execute the take-off phase within the available runway length. The breakdown of coordination between each flight crew members caused the aircraft to be unable to gain altitude quickly and safely, ultimately caused the aircraft to crash. The AIPB issued 8 recommendations as a result of the accident, including improvements related to supervision, stricter penalties for malpractices, and improvements related to aircraft flight recorders, in which the NCAA should not register an aircraft under Nigerian registration if an aircraft have not been fitted with a digital flight recorder. The NCAA was also asked to immediately conduct an audit to every BAC One-Eleven in Nigeria to ensure that only operators who have the required spare parts that are allowed to conduct operation within Nigeria, in response to EAS Airlines' cannibalized aircraft practice. Notes See also Viasa Flight 742, another crash in which a small twinjet aircraft (a McDonnell Douglas DC-9) crashed into a crowded city area shortly after takeoff, causing a high number of ground fatalities. References External links Pictures of the disaster, BBC Images of the involved aircraft and the crash site, Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives Aviation accidents and incidents in Nigeria Aviation accidents and incidents in 2002 Accidents and incidents involving the BAC One-Eleven May 2002 events in Nigeria Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error 2002 in Nigeria

23571581

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magomed%20Gadaborshev

Magomed Gadaborshev

Magomed Gadaborshev () (? – July 9, 2009) was a Russian-Ingushetian colonel who headed Ingushetia's Forensics and Investigations Center. On July 7, 2009, attackers opened fire on Gadaborshev's car as he drove through the city center of Nazran, the largest city in Ingushetia. He suffered gunshot wounds in the attack and fell into a coma. Doctors pronounced Gadaborshev dead on July 9, 2009. Gadaborshev's killing followed a string of attacks on and assassinations of Ingush officials in the preceding weeks. The President of Ingushetia, Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, was seriously wounded in a bombing on June 22, 2009. The deputy chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ingushetia Aza Gazgireeva and former deputy prime minister Bashir Aushev were also assassinated in separate shootings in June 2009. References 2009 deaths Assassinated Russian people Deaths by firearm in Russia Ingush people People murdered in Russia Russian military personnel Year of birth missing

23571585

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C24H34O5

C24H34O5

{{DISPLAYTITLE:C24H34O5}} The molecular formula C24H34O5 (molar mass: 402.52 g/mol) may refer to: Bufagin, a toxic steroid obtained from toad's milk Cortexolone 17α-propionate Dehydrocholic acid Molecular formulas

20464676

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Tunisian%20general%20election

2009 Tunisian general election

General elections were held in Tunisia on 25 October 2009. Results released on 26 October 2009 indicated a substantial victory for incumbent President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who won the reelection for a fifth five-year term, and the governing Constitutional Democratic Rally. It was the last election contested under the Ben Ali regime, prior to the Tunisian Revolution. Observers The African Union sent a team of election observers to cover the election. The delegation was led by Benjamin Bounkoulou who described the election as "free and fair". However, a spokesperson from the United States State Department indicated that Tunisia did not allow international monitoring of elections, but the U.S. was still committed to working with the president of Tunisia and its government. There also were reports of mistreatment of an opposition candidate. Results President The Interior Ministry released the official results for the election on Monday 26 October 2009. Voter turnout was recorded at 89.40% with 4,447,388 of Tunisia's 5.3 million registered voters participating. In the presidential race, incumbent president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali won 89.62% of the vote. His nearest rivals were Mohamed Bouchiha with 5.01% of the vote and Ahmed Inoubli with 3.80%, and Ahmed Brahum with 1.57%. Parliament In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Democratic Constitutional Rally, which had governed continuously from Tunisia's independence from France in 1956 until the Tunisian Revolution, won 84.59% of the vote and 161 seats. The Movement of Socialist Democrats won 16 seats with 4.63% of the vote, the Popular Unity Party won 12 seats and 3.39% of votes, The Unionist Democratic Union won 9 seats with 2.56%. The remaining 16 seats were divided between the Social Liberal Party, who won eight seats, the Green Party for Progress, who won six and the Movement Ettajdid who won two seats. References External links Presidential and Legislative Elections in Tunisia - 2009 Media Ben Ali reelected with 89 per cent - Radio France Internationale Unsurprising victory for Ben Ali - Radio France Internationale Final results give President Ben Ali a fifth term - France 24 Ben Ali wins unsurprising landslide in presidential election - France 24 Tunisia Elections in Tunisia 2009 in Tunisia Presidential elections in Tunisia October 2009 events in Africa

23571600

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C22H29FO5

C22H29FO5

{{DISPLAYTITLE:C22H29FO5}} The molecular formula C22H29FO5 (molar mass: 392.46 g/mol, exact mass: 392.1999 u) may refer to: Betamethasone Dexamethasone Fluperolone Paramethasone Molecular formulas

23571608

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabile%20%28symphonic%20suite%29

Cantabile (symphonic suite)

Cantabile is a work composed from 2004 to 2009 by Frederik Magle. It consists of three symphonic poems (or movements) based on poems written by Henrik, the Prince Consort of Denmark published in his book Cantabile. The Cantabile suite was commissioned by the Danish Royal Family and the first movement was premiered in 2004. The second and third movements were premiered on June 10, 2009 at a concert in the Copenhagen Concert Hall celebrating Prince Henrik's 75th birthday. On both occasions the music was performed by the Danish National Symphony Orchestra and Choir, conducted by Thomas Dausgaard. The music alternates between the sorrowful, which - according to the Prince Consort's biography (2010) - being unexpected at a birthday concert, caused unease among some of the guests present at the first performance of the Cortège & Danse Macabre in 2009, and sudden bursts of humour. Besides the original text by Prince Henrik in French, a Danish translation by Per Aage Brandt is also used in the work, and at places French and Danish is being sung at the same time. Structure The three symphonic poems/movements forming the suite are: Souffle le vent (based on the poem Souffle le vent - English: Cry of the Winds) Cortège & Danse Macabre (based on the poem Cortège funèbre (with the subtitle Danse Macabre) - English: Funeral procession / Dance of Death) Carillon (based on the poems L'Angélus and Lacrymae mundi - English: The Angelus and Tears of the World) Instrumentation Orchestration: 3 Flutes (3rd: Piccolo) 2 Oboes (2nd: English Horn) 3 Clarinets, 1 Bass Clarinet 2 Bassoons 1 Contrabassoon 4 Horns 3 Trumpets 3 Trombones 1 Contrabass Tuba Timpani 3 Percussionists Harp Piano (soloist, third movement only) Organ Soprano (Soloist) Bass-baritone (Soloist) Mixed Choir (S,S,A,A,T,T,B,B) Strings In the Carillon, the basses of the choir are required to sing the A below the bass-clef (27 notes below the middle C). Instruments of special note: The use of a giraffe's thigh bone as a percussion instrument in the Cortège & Danse Macabre. References External links French and Danish texts, music downloads, etc. Compositions by Frederik Magle Symphonic poems Orchestral suites Music for orchestra and organ 2009 compositions Choral compositions 21st-century classical music Death in music Music based on poems

17328404

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Sussex%20County%20Council

West Sussex County Council

West Sussex County Council (WSCC) is the authority that governs the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex. The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 159 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The Chief Executive and their team of Executive Directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council. The county elects eight members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party. In 2019, the council's Children Services department was described in a Children's Commissioner's report as "clearly failing across all domains in the strongest terms" leading to the resignation of then council leader Louise Goldsmith. History The Local Government Act 1888 created the administrative county of West Sussex, with its own county council, from the three western rapes of the ancient county of Sussex, that is the rapes of Chichester, Arundel and Bramber. Except for the three county boroughs of Brighton, Hastings and Eastbourne, the three eastern rapes of Lewes, Pevensey and Hastings came under the control of East Sussex County Council. Until 1898 it existed alongside the Urban and Rural Sanitary Districts when these were abolished in favour of a new network of urban and rural districts. The Local Government Act 1972 abolished the previous structure of local government in England and Wales. At this time West Sussex became a non-metropolitan county, divided into districts. This act created the two-tier system of government that exists in West Sussex to this day. Chairmen and chairwomen of West Sussex County Council Since 2011 most chairs of the council serve a two-year term, previously the term was more usually four years though before 1962 the position could essentially last almost a lifetime. Peter Mursell was the only individual to serve two non-consecutive terms, the second being after his 1969 knighthood. Cliff Robinson (died 2009) was the only chairman elected as a Liberal. Political control Paul Marshall (Conservative) has been leader of West Sussex County Council since 2019. He replaced Louise Goldsmith who had been leader since May 2010. Responsibilities The council is responsible for public services such as education, transport, strategic planning, emergency services, social services, public safety, the fire service and waste disposal. District councils Adur District Council Arun District Council Chichester District Council Crawley Borough Council Horsham District Council Mid Sussex District Council Worthing Borough Council Parish councils See List of civil parishes in West Sussex The Council The whole County Council is the ultimate decision-making body and the principal forum for major political debate. Its 71 members meet six times a year. The County Council reserves to itself decisions on key policy plans, questions members of the Cabinet, debates major pieces of work by Select Committees and notices of motion. It appoints the Leader who decides the composition and areas of competence of the Cabinet, to which responsibility is delegated for carrying out many of the County Council's existing policies. It also appoints the Select Committees which examine and review decisions and actions of the Cabinet and Cabinet Members, as well as some non-Executive committees and a Standards Committee. The current leader is Paul Marshall. Cabinet The West Sussex Cabinet has eight members selected from the Conservative majority. The Cabinet proposes the key policy decisions of the Council, which are subject to agreement by the full County Council of 71 members. Each member has a portfolio of work for which they take personal responsibility. Directorates West Sussex County Council is divided into five directorates: Adults & Children Provides social care services to West Sussex children, young people, their families and communities; and services for older people and adults with physical disabilities, learning disabilities, sensory disabilities or mental health needs. Finance & Performance Provides the following services: Business Change & Information Management, Capital & Asset Management, Finance, Internal Audit, Performance, Procurement & Market Development, Delivery Team. Communities and Public Protection Provides the following services: Community Services (Community Safety, Sustainable Development, Library Service, Record Office, Registration Service, Trading Standards), Fire & Rescue Service, Infrastructure (Environment & Heritage, Highways, Planning), Resources & Performance (Business Management, Communications, Major Projects) and Wastes Management. Customer Services Provides the following services: Customer Services, Operations Support Services, People Management, Resources & Performance. Policy & Partnerships Provides the following services: Communications, Democratic Services, Emergency Management, Legal Services, Policy & Partnerships (Arts Service, County Strategy, Europe Office, Local Area Agreements, Sustainability, Youth Cabinet). Children's Services department performance In 2019, a Children's Commissioner's report for the Department for Education described the council's Children's Services department as "clearly failing across all domains in the strongest terms" and said the deficiencies were "systemic and prolonged". It recommended, "the government should take immediate steps to remove the services from the council". The report said there had been "inadequate and ineffective leadership of children's services for some years". The commissioner also found there was a "strong and pervasive" "bullying culture in WSCC, starting at the top of the organisation, which is especially destructive". It recommended a review of the council's leadership and culture. Earlier in the year, an Ofsted report had found "widespread and serious weaknesses" in the children services department and rated it "inadequate". The report led to the resignation of Louise Goldsmith in October 2019, who had been the council's leader for nearly ten years. The report may also have influenced the departure of Nathan Elvery, council chief executive - who had also been embroiled in an expenses scandal around the same time. Elvery left his £190,000 p.a. role "by mutual consent" in November 2019. Goldsmith was replaced by council Conservative party group leader, Paul Marshall, although as of 9 October 2020 continues in her county councillor role. Elvery was replaced by Becky Shaw, who took over as joint chief executive for both East Sussex County Council and West Sussex County Council. The council has often been accused of malpractice by service users and has a long history of having been identified as engaging in inappropriate and bulling behaviour as well as defamation on multiple occasions. Elections County council elections took place on 6 May 2021. For detailed results for each electoral division see 2021 West Sussex County Council election |} Elections took place on 4 May 2017. Results are below. |} Since the divisions had been slightly reorganised and there was one less division than previously the gains and losses are not strictly meaningful. County council elections took place on 2 May 2013. For detailed results for each electoral division see 2013 West Sussex County Council election. |} Criticism of council spending In October 2019 it was revealed the council had spent £36,000 on a drone, but not used it for operational purposes once in 18 months. In its response to a written question by Labour councillor Michael Jones, the council disclosed they had spent £20,850 on the drone itself, £12,353 to train 15 staff – one of whom had since retired, and £2,753 on its insurance. At the time of its purchase in 2018, Louise Goldsmith, the then council leader announced: “I’m really excited we have bought this ... to expand on the really fantastic work our fire and rescue service does. I know by investing in these ... they will help save lives. There are also some really exciting opportunities for us to use the drone across the council." Cllr. Jones called the drone's purchase a "publicity stunt" and remarked, “I was genuinely staggered when I was told that it had never been used, particularly as it had been bought with such fanfare. I think it’s certainly an insult to taxpayers." Cllr. Jones said he would rather it be donated to an organisation that can use it if the council is unable to use it itself. The council said it was reviewing the drone's future. References External links West Sussex County Council – Official website Local government in West Sussex County councils of England 1889 establishments in England Local education authorities in England Local authorities in West Sussex Major precepting authorities in England Leader and cabinet executives

17328409

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20Taylor%20Allen

Ann Taylor Allen

Ann Taylor Allen is a professor of German history at the University of Louisville. Allen is the author of four books and more than twenty articles/reviews in peer-reviewed journals. She has a BA from Bryn Mawr College (1965, Magna cum Laude), studied at the University of Hamburg, Germany with a Fulbright Fellowship, received an MA in 1967 from Harvard University and earned a PhD from Columbia University in 1974. Books Satire and Society in Wilhelmine Germany: Simplicissimus and Kladderadatsch, 1890–1914. Lexington, Kentucky (University Press of Kentucky), 1984. Feminism and Motherhood in Germany, 1800–1914. New Brunswick, NJ (Rutgers University Press), 1991. Feminismus und Mütterlichkeit in Deutschland, 1800–1914. Weinheim (Beltz Verlag), 2000. German version of Feminism and Motherhood, translated by Regine Othmer. Feminism and Motherhood in Western Europe, 1890–1970: The Maternal Dilemma. New York (Palgrave-Macmillan), 2005. Women in Twentieth-Century Europe, Houndmills, Basingstoke (Palgrave-Macmillan), 2008. References Historians of Germany Bryn Mawr College alumni Columbia University alumni Harvard University alumni University of Louisville faculty Living people University of Hamburg alumni Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people) American women historians 21st-century American historians 21st-century American women writers

17328412

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trox%20contractus

Trox contractus

Trox contractus is a beetle of the Family Trogidae. contractus Beetles described in 1940

17328417

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Unified%20Leadership%20of%20the%20Honduran%20Revolutionary%20Movement

National Unified Leadership of the Honduran Revolutionary Movement

National Unified Leadership of the Honduran Revolutionary Movement was a front of leftwing groups in Honduras. Formed in 1983, the front consisted of Revolutionary Popular Forces Lorenzo Zelaya, Communist Party of Honduras, Revolutionary Unity Movement, Morazanist Front for the Liberation of Honduras, People's Liberation Movement-Chinchoneros and the Central American Workers' Revolutionary Party. References Defunct left-wing political party alliances Political party alliances in Honduras Popular fronts Honduras

23571621

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldbeat%20%28album%29

Worldbeat (album)

Worldbeat is the debut album by Kaoma, released in 1989. It provided three hit singles, two of them achieving success worldwide: "Lambada", "Dançando Lambada" and "Mélodie d'amour". The album is composed of songs in Portuguese, Spanish and English. It was ranked in the top 25 in Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Australia and Austria. It topped the Billboard Latin Pop in the U.S. Critical reception The album received generally positive reviews from critics. AllMusic wrote: "Not outstanding but definitely appealing, this CD effectively combines South American elements with dance music/disco, reggae and hip-hop. One hears Chic's influence on the funky 'Sopenala'." Track listings "Lambada" — 3:27 "Lambareggae" — 3:52 "Dançando Lambada" — 4:44 "Lambamor" — 4:09 "Lamba caribe" — 4:07 "Mélodie d'amour" — 4:11 "Sindiang" — 3:58 "Sopenala" — 4:28 "Jambé finète (grille)" — 4:26 "Salsa nuestra" — 4:38 Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications and sales See also List of number-one Billboard Latin Pop Albums from the 1990s List of best-selling Latin albums References 1989 debut albums Kaoma albums

20464688

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiao-Gang%20Wen

Xiao-Gang Wen

Xiao-Gang Wen (; born November 26, 1961) is a Chinese-American physicist. He is a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Distinguished Visiting Research Chair at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. His expertise is in condensed matter theory in strongly correlated electronic systems. In Oct. 2016, he was awarded the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize. He is the author of a book in advanced quantum many-body theory entitled Quantum Field Theory of Many-body Systems: From the Origin of Sound to an Origin of Light and Electrons (Oxford University Press, 2004). Early life and education Wen attended the University of Science and Technology of China and earned a B.S. in Physics in 1982. In 1982, Wen came to the US for graduate school via the CUSPEA program, which was organized by Prof. T. D. Lee. He attended Princeton University, from which be attained an M.A. in Physics in 1983 and a Ph.D in Physics in 1987. Work Wen studied superstring theory under theoretical physicist Edward Witten at Princeton University where he received his Ph.D. degree in 1987. He later switched his research field to condensed matter physics while working with theoretical physicists Robert Schrieffer, Frank Wilczek, Anthony Zee in Institute for Theoretical Physics, UC Santa Barbara (1987–1989). Wen introduced the notion of topological order (1989) and quantum order (2002), to describe a new class of matter states. This opens up a new research direction in condensed matter physics. He found that states with topological order contain non-trivial boundary excitations and developed chiral Luttinger theory for the boundary states (1990). The boundary states can become ideal conduction channel which may lead to device application of topological phases. He proposed the simplest topological order — Z2 topological order (1990), which turns out to be the topological order in the toric code. He also proposed a special class of topological order: non-Abelian quantum Hall states. They contain emergent particles with non-Abelian statistics which generalizes the well known Bose and Fermi statistics. Non-Abelian particles may allow us to perform fault tolerant quantum computations. With Michael Levin, he found that string-net condensations can give rise to a large class of topological orders (2005). In particular, string-net condensation provides a unified origin of photons, electrons, and other elementary particles (2003). It unifies two fundamental phenomena: gauge interactions and Fermi statistics. He pointed out that topological order is nothing but the pattern of long range entanglements. This led to a notion of symmetry protected topological (SPT) order (short-range entangled states with symmetry) and its description by group cohomology of the symmetry group (2011). The notion of SPT order generalizes the notion of topological insulator to interacting cases. He also proposed the SU(2) gauge theory of high temperature superconductors (1996). Professional record Professor, MIT, 2000–present Isaac Newton Research Chair, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 2012–2014 Associate professor, MIT, 1995—2000 Assistant professor, MIT, 1991—1995 Five-year member of IAS, 1989—1991 Member of ITP, UC Santa Barbara, 1987—1989 Honors A.P. Sloan Foundation fellow (1992) Overseas Chinese Physics Association outstanding young researcher award (1994) Changjiang professor, Center for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University (2000—2004) Fellow of American Physical Society (2002) Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics, MIT (2004—present) Distinguished Moore Scholar, Caltech (2006) Distinguished Research Chair, Perimeter Institute (2009) Isaac Newton Chair, Perimeter Institute (announced Sep 2011) 2017 Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize (announced Oct. 2016) Member of National Academy of Sciences (2018) 2018 Dirac Medal of the ICTP Selected publications See also Topological order String-net Topological entanglement entropy References External links http://dao.mit.edu/~wen http://physics.stackexchange.com/users/9444/xiao-gang-wen 1961 births Living people 21st-century American physicists Chinese emigrants to the United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty Princeton University alumni Theoretical physicists University of Science and Technology of China alumni Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Physicists from Shaanxi People from Xi'an Educators from Shaanxi Sloan Research Fellows Fellows of the American Physical Society Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize winners

20464725

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20Adams

W. Adams

W Adams was the first manager of Shrewsbury Town F.C. He managed the club for seven years, between 1 May 1905 and 31 May 1912, during which period the club moved from Copthorne barracks ground to the Gay Meadow site. He was also manager during the then-record attendance for a Shrewsbury Town match of 5,000 against Wellington Town. External links W Adams at League Managers Association Shrewsbury Town F.C. managers 20th-century deaths 19th-century births English football managers

17328423

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon%20County%20Council

Devon County Council

Devon County Council is the county council administering the English county of Devon. Based in the city of Exeter, the council covers the non-metropolitan county area of Devon. Members of the council (councillors) are elected every four years to represent the electorate of each county division, almost all being nominated by the major national political parties. The population of the area administered by the council was estimated at 795,286 in 2018, making it the largest local authority in South West England. Devon is an area with "two-tier" local government, meaning that the county is divided into non-metropolitan districts carrying out less strategic functions, such as taking most planning decisions. In Devon there are eight such districts, each with its own district, borough, or city council. History Administration Before 1888, the small towns and rural areas in Devon were governed by magistrates through the Devon Court of Quarter Sessions. The magistrates were based at Rougemont Castle, Exeter, and were not elected by the people. In 1888, the Local Government Act 1888 was passed, which paved the way for democracy at the county level throughout England and Wales. On 16 January 1889, the first County Council elections were held, and the council began life with a budget of £50,000. In 1907, women became eligible for election and the first female councillor was elected in 1931. From the beginning in 1889, the county boroughs of Exeter, Devonport and Plymouth were outside the jurisdiction of the county council. Devonport was afterwards absorbed by the City of Plymouth. Torbay received county borough status and left the area of Devon County Council in 1968. Devon County Hall, designed by Donald McMorran, was completed in 1964. In 1971, Devon County Council signed a Twinning Charter with the Conseil General of Calvados to develop links with the French department of Calvados. In 2018, the council introduced a "new IT printing system" which caused its education department online embarrassment due to its inability to produce grammatically correct correspondence. Data protection In 2012 the Council was fined £90,000 by the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) after it sent confidential and sensitive information about twenty-two people, including criminal allegations and information about their mental health, to the wrong recipient. Commenting on Devon and other authorities who had made similar data protection breaches, the ICO said "It would be far too easy to consider these breaches as simple human error. The reality is that they are caused by councils treating sensitive personal data in the same routine way they would deal with more general correspondence. Far too often in these cases, the councils do not appear to have acknowledged that the data they are handling is about real people, and often the more vulnerable members of society." Political composition In Devon, most county councillors who are elected have been nominated by one of England's major political parties, although there are also a small number of independents. At present the majority of councillors in the chamber are Conservatives, who hold 39 of the 60 seats. The council currently operates the local government Cabinet system which was introduced by the Local Government Act 2000, with the Leader of the Cabinet (and effective head of the authority) elected by the full council. In practice, the Leader is chosen from among the majority Conservative group. After being elected, the Leader chooses the other cabinet members, currently nine, all from the Conservative group. |} Responsibilities for services Devon County Council's responsibilities include schools, social care for the elderly and vulnerable, road maintenance, libraries and trading standards. It is the largest employer in Devon, employing over 20,000 people, and has the largest minor road length ( — 2014) of any UK local authority; major roads are managed by Highways England. Devon County Council appoints eleven members to the Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Authority. The Office for National Statistics estimated that the mid-2014 population of the non-metropolitan area of Devon was 765,302, which is the largest in the South West England region. The county council's area is also administered by eight smaller authorities that have their own district, borough or city councils. The responsibilities of these councils include local planning, council housing, refuse collection, sports and leisure facilities, and street cleaning. The district areas are further divided into civil parishes, which have "parish councils" or "town councils"; the latter of which often use a town hall. Typical activities undertaken by a parish council include maintaining allotments, footpaths, playing fields and the local community or village hall. On some matters, the county council share responsibilities with the district and parish councils. These include economic development and regeneration, emergency planning, tourism promotion and coastal protection. Graphic symbols There was no established coat of arms for the county until 1926: the arms of the City of Exeter were often used to represent Devon, for instance in the badge of the Devonshire Regiment. During the formation of a county council by the Local Government Act 1888, adoption of a common seal was required. The seal contained three shields depicting the arms of Exeter along with those of the first chairman and vice-chairman of the council (Lord Clinton and the Earl of Morley). On 11 October 1926, the county council received a grant of arms from the College of Arms. The main part of the shield displays a red crowned lion on a silver field, the arms of Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall. The chief or upper portion of the shield depicts an ancient ship on waves, for Devon's seafaring traditions. The Latin motto adopted was Auxilio Divino ("by divine aid"), that of Sir Francis Drake. The 1926 grant was of arms alone. On 6 March 1962 a further grant of crest and supporters was obtained. The crest is the head of a Dartmoor Pony rising from a "Naval Crown". This distinctive form of crown is formed from the sails and sterns of ships, and is associated with the Royal Navy. The supporters are a Devon bull and a sea lion. The County Council adopted a 'ship silhouette' logo after the 1974 reorganisation, adapted from the ship emblem on the coat of arms, but following the loss in 1998 of Plymouth and Torbay re-adopted the coat of arms. In April 2006 the council unveiled a new logo which was to be used in most everyday applications, though the coat of arms will continue to be used for "various civic purposes". In 2002, the BBC Devon website held a poll in response to a discussion for a flag of Devon. Ryan Sealey's winning design of green, white, and black was raised outside County Hall in 2006 to celebrate Local Democracy Week and is endorsed by Devon County Council. Proposed structural changes From 2007 to 2010 there was a strong possibility that Devon's two-tier council structure might be reorganised. In December 2007, a bid by Exeter City Council to become a unitary council was referred by the Department for Communities and Local Government to the Boundary Committee for England, as they felt the application did not meet all their strict criteria. Had the bid succeeded, Devon County Council, headquartered in Exeter, would have had no local governmental control of the City of Exeter. The Boundary Committee was asked to look at the feasibility of a unitary Exeter in the context of examining options for unitary arrangements in the wider Devon county area, and reported back in July 2008 recommending a 'unitary Devon' (excluding Plymouth and Torbay), with a second option of a 'unitary Exeter & Exmouth' (combined) and a unitary 'rest of Devon'. This would have abolished lower-tier district councils which work together with Devon County Council. These proposals were put out to consultation until September 2008 and the Committee was expected to make final recommendations to the Secretary of State by the end of the year. As a result of a number of legal challenges to the process and also dissatisfaction on the part of the Secretary of State with the manner in which the Boundary Committee assessed proposals, a recommendation was unlikely until March or April 2009. The Boundary Committee was delayed again following legal challenge by a group of councils in the county of Suffolk. The Court of Appeal rejected the legal challenge in December 2009 and the Boundary Committee was expected to return to making recommendations on the proposals, to be published at an unknown date. On 10 February 2010, local government ministers gave the go-ahead for Exeter's unitary authority status and ruled out the chance of Devon's unitary authority status, leaving it as a rural county. However, following the 2010 general election the new government announced in May 2010 that the reorganisation would be stopped. See also List of articles about local government in the United Kingdom References County council County councils of England Local authorities in Devon 1889 establishments in England Local education authorities in England Major precepting authorities in England Leader and cabinet executives

20464727

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV%20Classic%20%28Italian%20TV%20channel%29

MTV Classic (Italian TV channel)

MTV Classic was an Italian pay television channel that centred its programming schedule to former music video hits from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The channel was based on the Videomusic library. It was launched on 2007 as MTV Gold, and was rebranded as MTV Classic on 10 January 2011. It was closed down on 31 July 2015, along with MTV Hits. External links MTV.it 2007 establishments in Italy 2015 disestablishments in Italy MTV channels Defunct television channels in Italy Italian-language television stations Music organisations based in Italy Music television channels Telecom Italia Media Television channels and stations established in 2007 Television channels and stations disestablished in 2015

23571626

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RealNetworks

RealNetworks

RealNetworks, Inc. is a provider of artificial intelligence and computer vision based products. RealNetworks was a pioneer in Internet streaming software and services. They are based in Seattle, Washington, United States. The company also provides subscription-based online entertainment services and mobile entertainment and messaging services. History RealNetworks (then known as Progressive Networks) was founded in 1994 by Rob Glaser, an ex-Microsoft executive, and a management team including Phil Barrett, Andy Sharpless, and Stephen Buerkle. The original goal of the company was to provide a distribution channel for politically progressive content. It evolved into a technology venture to leverage the Internet as an alternative distribution medium for audio broadcasts. Progressive Networks became RealNetworks in September 1997. RealNetworks were pioneers in the streaming media markets and broadcast one of the earlier audio events over the Internet, a baseball game between the New York Yankees and Seattle Mariners on September 5, 1995. They announced streaming video technology in 1997. According to some accounts, by 2000 more than 85% of streaming content on the Internet was in the Real format. Despite this success, problems arose because Real's primary business model depended upon the sale of streaming media server software, and Microsoft and Apple were giving those products away. As servers from Microsoft and Apple became more capable, Real's server sales inevitably eroded. On January 20, 2000, RealNetworks, Inc. filed an injunction against Streambox, Inc. regarding the aforementioned company's product designed to convert Real Audio (.rm) formatted files to other formats. On December 4, 2001, the company was to launch the first coordinated effort to sell and deliver music from major record labels over the Internet, part of a broader initiative by the company to develop subscription Internet services aimed at Web users with fast Internet connections. In 2002, a strategic alliance was formed between RealNetworks and Sony Corporation to expand collaboration. In October 2005, Microsoft agreed to pay RealNetworks $460 million to settle an antitrust lawsuit. In August 2003, RealNetworks acquired Listen.com's Rhapsody music service, and renamed it RealRhapsody. It offered streaming music downloads for a monthly fee. In January 2004, RealNetworks announced the RealPlayer Music Store, featuring digital rights management (DRM) restricted music in the AAC file format. After some initial tries to push their own DRM scheme (named Helix DRM) onto all device manufacturers with the Creative Zen Xtra and the Sansa e200r as the only existing compliant devices, they sparked controversy by introducing a technology called Harmony that allowed their music to play on iPods as well as Microsoft Windows Media Audio DRM-equipped devices using a "wrapper" that would convert Helix DRM into the two other target DRM schemes. The domain real.com attracted at least 67 million visitors annually by 2008, according to a Compete.com study. On April 6, 2010, Rhapsody was spun off from RealNetworks. In July 2013, RealNetworks acquired Slingo for $15.6 million. The company introduced a mobile phone app called Listen in April 2014 that plays custom ringtones to those calling the user's phone. Notable RealNetworks employees have included Alex Alben; the first Chief Privacy Officer of Washington State; Tony Fadell, the inventor of the iPod; musician Daniel House; and Philip Rosedale, the founder of Linden Lab. Headquarters RealNetworks has its headquarters in Seattle, Washington, in the Home Plate Center building in SoDo across from T-Mobile Park, sharing the building with local television station KING-TV and Logic 20/20 Consulting. Products and services SAFR Launched by RealNetworks on July 17, 2018, SAFR – Secure Accurate Facial Recognition, is a machine learning facial recognition platform. The SAFR platform was updated in 2020 with COVID-19 response features, including the ability to detect whether a person is wearing a mask and identify people wearing masks with 98.85 percent accuracy. On April 27, 2021, SAFR received a grant from the US Air Force to develop its AI-powered analytics for rescue missions, perimeter protection and domestic search operations. Kontxt In 2017, RealNetworks launched Kontxt, a product that offers management of text messaging in mobile networks. It identifies the content of the message and sorts it into categories to determine which ones are more important, and prioritize message delivery. In March 2021, RealNetworks unveiled KONTXT for Voice to identify and stop scam robocalls. RealTimes (formerly RealPlayer Cloud) RealNetworks on September 24, 2013 launched RealPlayer Cloud, a service that adds the ability to share videos recorded on smartphones and tablets. RealPlayer Cloud ties into the existing RealPlayer, however it also has a Web app and apps for Android, iOS and Roku. The service has 2GB of free cloud storage and more storage for a monthly fee. It was renamed to RealTimes on May 19, 2015, with a new focus on creating and sharing "Stories"—video collages of users' personal photos and videos, set to background music. GameHouse RealNetworks entered the computer game market in October 2001 with RealArcade, a PC game distribution application that allows users to play casual video games for free for 60 minutes, then decide if they want to purchase it. Many of the games were developed by GameHouse, which RealNetworks acquired for $35.6 million in 2004. In 2010, RealNetworks re-branded its games division under the name Gamehouse. It began focusing on social games, such as Facebook applets, and in 2013 acquired casual casino games company, Slingo, for $15.6 million. RealDVD On September 30, 2008, RealNetworks launched a new product called RealDVD. The software allows any user to save a copy of a DVD movie they own. The company was later found to have violated the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and RealNetworks' contract with the DVD Copy Control Association, as the software also allowed anyone to save a movie they do not legally own. (See RealNetworks, Inc. v. DVD Copy Control Ass'n, Inc.). The product's distribution was barred by a court injunction. Real Alternative Real Alternative is a discontinued software bundle that allows users to play RealMedia files without installing RealPlayer. The last version, 2.02, was released on February 19, 2010. It included Media Player Classic. Beginning in 2010, RealNetworks sued Hilbrand Edskes, a 26-year-old Dutch webmaster for having inserted hyperlinks to Real Alternative on his site www.codecpack.nl. RealNetworks alleges that Real Alternative is a reverse engineered package. In November 2011, RealNetworks' case against Edskes was dismissed and RealNetworks was ordered to pay him €48,000 in damages. Details of the case and judgement have been published. The case was reopened in 2013, when further proof showed that Edskes was after all involved in creating and uploading Real Alternative. Helix Helix is a suite of streaming media software and services intended for digital TV set-top boxes, mobile devices, as well as QuickTime, Flash and other programs. It includes the Helix open-source code and the Helix Universal Server, which hosts, distributes and manages digital rights for multimedia content. Helix competes with the Windows Media 9 Series from Microsoft, but has a greater emphasis on open-source. Helix was announced in July 2002. Support for mobile devices was added in November 2005. It was discontinued in October 2014. Subscription services In 2000, one of the initial products, the download manager RealDownload, was already used for pushing small software, such as games, to subscribers' computers. On top of the subscription for RealDownload and using its RealVideo streaming technology, a service called GoldPass, including unlimited access for video snippets from ABC and movie previews, was offered to registered users for a monthly $10 fee. More content was added through deals with CBS for the reality show Big Brother and NBA basketball. Other products and technologies RealAudio, a compressed audio format RealDownloader, a download manager RealPlayer, a media player RealVideo, a compressed video format Rinse, a digital music library cleanup tool Unifi, a personal cloud media service Mobile entertainment and messaging services for mobile carriers See also United States v. ASCAP Trymedia References External links Computer companies of the United States Entertainment companies of the United States Streaming software Software companies based in Seattle Mass media companies established in 1994 Software companies established in 1994 American companies established in 1994 1994 establishments in Washington (state) Companies listed on the Nasdaq Software companies of the United States

23571628

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C8H18O2

C8H18O2

{{DISPLAYTITLE:C8H18O2}} The molecular formula C8H18O2 (molar mass: 146.22 g/mol) may refer to: Di-tert-butyl peroxide 2-Hexoxyethanol Etohexadiol, an ectoparasiticide Octanediols 1,2-Octanediol 1,8-Octanediol

23571629

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonhyo%20Bridge

Wonhyo Bridge

The Wonhyo Bridge crosses the Han River in South Korea and connects the districts of Yongsan-gu and Yeongdeungpo-gu. The bridge was completed in . It was the 13th to be built on the Han River. History July 1978: Construction started October 27, 1981: Wonhyo Bridge opened December 10, 1981: Introduction of toll fees February 1, 1983: Dongah Construction donated Wonhyo Bridge to the Seoul Metropolitan City, and collection of toll fees discontinued Toll Fees Toll fees were collected from December 10, 1981, but the flow of traffic was rather low, as vehicles avoided crossing the bridge due to the imposition of the toll fees. In fact, the toll fees collected were barely adequate to supply power for the street lamps, and on February 1, 1983, Dongah Construction donated the bridge to Seoul Metropolitan City. After the ownership rights were donated, the toll gates were removed. Film Appearances Wonhyo Bridge was selected as the set for a fighting scene included in the 2006 Korean film The Host directed by Bong Joon-ho. In the movie, Wonhyo Bridge was where the creature was hiding, and where the daughter of the main character was kidnapped. The reason for selecting this location was that it fit well with the film's concept of a sewer under a bridge, and the external appearance of Wonhyo Bridge is more dynamic than other bridges, and this added tension. References Yeouido Yongsan District Bridges in Seoul Bridges completed in 1981 Bridges over the Han River (Korea)

23571635

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle%20hooliganism

Motorcycle hooliganism

Motorcycle hooliganism includes street racing, street stunting, and games of tag on public roads, or simply cruising, often in very large numbers, against local ordinances. Demographics Historian Jeremy Packer wrote that the newest motorcycle "gangs" are unlike the outlaw motorcycle clubs widely reported in the media since the late 1940s. They now ride sport bikes, often customized in the streetfighter style, rather than cruisers, passing through both rural and urban areas, playing "elaborate games of tag and follow the leader, continually pushing each other to ride harder." Besides being younger and favoring high-performance motorcycles, these groups are "loosely affiliated and come together mostly to ride." Traditional outlaw motorcycle clubs are known for having detailed charters and membership lists, prescribing codes of behavior, dress, type and brand of motorcycle members may ride, and vigorously enforcing procedures for admitting new members, banishing members who break club rules, and protecting the club's territory and name from anyone falsely pretending to be a member. Packer wrote in 2008 that media attention, such as the popular A&E television documentary The Wild Ride of the Outlaw Bikers (1999) and the Guggenheim show The Art of the Motorcycle, erroneously only covered the baby boomer Harley-Davidson rider culture, failing to note a shift in demographics, bikes, and behavior. Packer said this promotes the Harley-Davidson brand and promotes "a type of motorcycle affiliation that is palatable, family friendly, and marketable" as part of a narrative that outlaw bikers, "though once a dangerous element, are now a useful and even valuable part of society." The StarPhoenix of Saskatoon wrote that the new marketing push to "transform motorcycling into an acceptable, mainstream pastime" has led to young riders rebelling. In Los Angeles and New York City, some affluent urban motorcycle owners are self-described hooligans, or display motorcycles described as "hooligan chic" and an "object of fetish consumerism." Behaviors Hooligans engage in many types of unlawful behavior. Vandalism, theft and petty crime In South and Southeast Asia, thieves use motorcycles in the act of purse snatching. Racing on public roads Racing has been implicated in a number of deaths, and is targeted by law enforcement in North America, Asia and Europe. Stunting on public roads The fact that many stunters perform their stunts on public roads draws the ire of other motorcyclists and lawmakers. They intentionally draw a lot of attention to their apparently reckless behavior, and other motorcyclists, especially sportbike riders, feel that stunters give all riders a reputation for being irresponsible and dangerous to others. Riding nude While clothing-optional bicycling is allowed in many places, similar behavior by motorcyclists is often seen as reckless and has even led to accidents when the rider was stung by an insect. Nude rider complaints are recorded in Coventry, England, where 21 riders proceeded naked through the town; Salt Lake City; Murfreesboro, Tennessee (claimed to be the first nude motorcycle rally); Providence, Rhode Island; and southern Sweden. Cruising In some jurisdictions, the act of cruising is unlawful. In Malaysia, over 100,000 outlaw motorcyclists called Mat Rempit are reported to cruise and race on the streets every night. Unlicensed riding Riders, including under-age youth, without a valid driver's license, have been described as "dangerous and illegal" and "hooligans." Street stunt riders on unlicensed dirtbikes are reported to be a problem in Baltimore, Maryland. Speeding Speeding is often referred to as a "hooligan" activity due to inherent risk to the public. "Hooligan" motorcycles Some types of motorcycles or specific models associated with hooligan behavior are informally referred to as "hooligan" motorcycles. Notable examples In Seattle in 2010, a Washington State Patrol highway police trooper rolled his patrol car while chasing speeding motorcyclists, who then returned to jeer and taunt him. The motorcyclists said they were engaging in a semi-organized mass ride. The event attracted much media attention. In September 2013, public awareness of motorcycle hooliganism in America was increased when a video was uploaded to live leak showing a violent altercation between a family riding in an SUV and a group of motorcyclists in New York City. The bikers were participating in an annual unsanctioned rally called the "Hollywood Block Party". Over 1000 motorcycles, quads, and other vehicles participated in the 2012 rally a year prior, according to New York Police Commissioner Ray Kelly. The rally involved performing stunts and driving through Times Square, which has been illegal since it was pedestrianized in 2009. The incident began when a sport utility vehicle (SUV) driven by motorist Alexian Lien was involved in light bumper contact with motorcyclist Christopher Cruz. Cruz reportedly sustained minor injuries. In the video, Cruz merges in front of Lien and slows dramatically, apparently causing the collision. Following the incident, authorities familiar with such organized rides stated that Cruz was not attempting to cause a collision, but was attempting to slow traffic in order to clear a section of roadway to perform stunts on their motorcycles. Lien and many of the motorcyclists stopped their vehicles. The video shows many of the bikers gathering around the Range Rover driven by Lien. Police reported that the bikers were beating on the vehicle and punctured a tire. Lien accelerated to escape, reportedly driving over 3 motorcycles and a rider, named Edwin Mieses, who had dismounted and was in front of the Range Rover. Mieses was severely injured, including a fractured spine and punctured lung. The bikers then chased after the SUV for several miles before pulling Lien from the vehicle and assaulting him. The video of the incident quickly went viral and received widespread news coverage. Other videos of packs of bikers driving recklessly and performing stunts surfaced following the heavy news coverage. One video in particular shows a group of bikers threatening the driver of a Prius. The bikers beat on the window of his car, but the driver was unharmed. A total of 15 people were arrested, 55 motorcycles were confiscated, and 69 summonses were issued in connection with the September 29th event. Nine suspects have been charged in connection with the attack. In December 2013, Lien filed a civil suit against the city of New York for the involvement of an off-duty police detective in the attack. The suit accused the police department of failing to properly train their officers. Legislation has since been proposed that would require permits and prior notification of such rallies. The legislation was inspired by the September 29 incident as well as the death of Marian Kurshik, 78, in December 2013 after being struck by a motorcycle traveling in a pack and performing stunts. The driver of the motorcycle was also killed in the accident. "His feet was on the seat; the front wheel pulled up. He was going very fast," said a bystander. "This not only, I think, protects pedestrians. I think it also protects the motorcyclists themselves," said state senator Andriano Espaillat. See also 12 O'Clock Boys Mat Rempit Notes References External links Hooliganism Hazardous motor vehicle activities

23571637

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan%20Picon

Gaëtan Picon

Gaëtan Picon (19 September 1915 – 6 August 1976) was a French author: essayist, art and literature critic, and art and literature historian. He was director of the Mercure de France and Director-General of Arts and Letters under André Malraux. He wrote an entry for the Encyclopaedia Universalis on Swiss publisher Albert Skira. Selected Bibliography Balzac: Balzac par lui-même. (1956). Microcosme ecrivains de toujou. Editions du Seui, Paris. 191 pp. Ingres: Biographical and Critical Study (1967) The Taste of Our Time, Vol. 47. Editions d'Art Albert Skira, Geneva 131 pp. The Work of Jean Dubuffet (1973). Albert Skira, Geneva. 233 pp. Surrealists and Surrealism 1919-1939 (1977). Skira/Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York. 231 pp. Birth Of Modern Painting (1978). Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York. 135 pp. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1980). Published by Skira/Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York. 151 pp. References External links Worldcat Identities: Gaëtan Picon, Overview http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50019731/ 1915 births 1976 deaths French art critics French male essayists People of Ligurian descent 20th-century French essayists 20th-century French male writers

6899422

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoryzomys

Pseudoryzomys

Pseudoryzomys simplex, also known as the Brazilian false rice rat or false oryzomys, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae from south-central South America. It is found in lowland palm savanna and thorn scrub habitats. It is a medium-sized species, weighing about , with gray–brown fur, long and narrow hindfeet, and a tail that is about as long as the head and body. The IUCN has assessed its conservation status as being of least concern, although almost nothing is known about its diet or reproduction. The only species in the genus Pseudoryzomys, its closest living relatives are the large rats Holochilus and Lundomys, which are semiaquatic, spending much of their time in the water. The three genera share several characters, including specializations towards a semiaquatic lifestyle, such as the presence of membranes between the digits (interdigital webbing), and a reduction in the complexity of the molar crowns, both of which are at incipient stages in Pseudoryzomys. Together, they form a unique assemblage within the oryzomyine tribe, a very diverse group including over one hundred species, mainly in South America. This tribe is part of the subfamily Sigmodontinae and family Cricetidae, which include many more species, mainly from Eurasia and the Americas. Pseudoryzomys simplex was independently described in 1888 on the basis of subfossil cave specimens from Brazil (as Hesperomys simplex); and in 1921 on the basis of a live specimen from Paraguay (as Oryzomys wavrini). This was confirmed in 1991 that both names pertained to the same species. Taxonomy Discovery and recognition Pseudoryzomys simplex has had a complex taxonomic history. It was first described in 1888 by Danish zoologist Herluf Winge, who reviewed the materials Peter Wilhem Lund had collected in the caves of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Winge described the species as Hesperomys simplex, and placed it in the same genus (Hesperomys) as the species now called Lundomys molitor and two species now placed in Calomys. Like most other species Winge proposed, H. simplex was mostly ignored in the systematic literature, but from 1952 it was used briefly, in the combination "Oecomys simplex", for an Oecomys species from central Brazil. In his 1960 review of Oecomys, Field Museum mammalogist Philip Hershkovitz denied any affinities between simplex and Oecomys, noting that various features of the H. simplex skull illustrated by Winge instead suggested affinities to the phyllotine or sigmodont groups. In 1921, renowned British mammalogist Oldfield Thomas described Oryzomys wavrini as a new species of Oryzomys from Paraguay. In the next decades, it was viewed as an aberrant species of Oryzomys (then used in a much broader sense than now), but it was moved to a separate genus, named Pseudoryzomys, by Hershkovitz in 1959, who noted that although it is similar to Oryzomys palustris in appearance, other features suggest it is more closely related to Phyllotis. Thus, he viewed the animal as a member of the phyllotine group of rodents, which includes Calomys and Phyllotis, not of the oryzomyine group, which includes Oryzomys, and his opinion was mostly accepted in the next few decades. Scientific knowledge of the rare Pseudoryzomys wavrini—only three specimens were known when Hershkovitz described the genus Pseudoryzomys in 1959—increased in the following years, and in 1975 the Bolivian population was named as a separate subspecies, Pseudoryzomys wavrini reigi, because Bolivian animals are slightly larger and darker than those from Paraguay. In 1980, Argentinean zoologist Elio Massoia suggested that Winge's Hesperomys simplex and the living Pseudoryzomys wavrini are in fact the same species. In a 1991 study, American zoologists Voss and Myers confirmed this suggestion after re-examining Winge's material, finding no appreciable differences among specimens of H. simplex and P. wavrini. Since then, the species has been known as Pseudoryzomys simplex (Winge, 1888), because simplex is the oldest specific name for the animal; Oryzomys wavrini Thomas, 1921, and Pseudoryzomys wavrini reigi Pine and Wetzel, 1975, are junior synonyms. Voss and Myers also re-evaluated the relationships of Pseudoryzomys; they considered it closer to oryzomyines than to phyllotines, but declined to formally place it in Oryzomyini in the absence of explicit phylogenetic justification for such a placement. Oryzomyine relationships When Voss and Carleton formally characterized Oryzomyini two years later, they did place Pseudoryzomys in the group, even though it lacks complete mesoloph(id)s. The mesoloph is an accessory crest on the upper molars and the mesolophid is the corresponding structure on the lower molars. Only a few other animals now considered oryzomyines lack complete mesoloph(id)s, but they are absent in various non-oryzomyines, some of which had previously been regarded as close relatives of the oryzomyines that lack them. Oryzomyines with and without complete mesoloph(id)s share various other characters, however, including presence of mammae on the chest, absence of a gall bladder, and some characters of the skull, suggesting that they form one natural, monophyletic group. Oryzomyini is now one of several tribes recognized within the subfamily Sigmodontinae, which encompasses hundreds of species found across South America and into southern North America. Sigmodontinae itself is the largest subfamily of the family Cricetidae, other members of which include voles, lemmings, hamsters, and deermice, all mainly from Eurasia and North America. Several phylogenetic studies published during the 1990s and 2000s supported a close relationship between Pseudoryzomys and two other oryzomyines with reduced or absent mesoloph(id)s, Lundomys and Holochilus. The extinct genera Noronhomys and Carletonomys, described in 1999 and 2008 respectively, were also recognized as members of the group. In 2006, a broad morphological and molecular phylogenetic study of Oryzomyini provided further support for the relationship between Holochilus, Lundomys, and Pseudoryzomys. Within this group, morphological data supported a closer relationship between Holochilus and Lundomys to the exclusion of Pseudoryzomys, but DNA sequence data favored a clustering between Holochilus and Pseudoryzomys to the exclusion of Lundomys; among all oryzomyines, this was the only case where relationships which received strong support from morphological and DNA sequence data conflicted. Together, the three genera form part of a large group of oryzomyines ("clade D"), which contains tens of other species. Several of those display some adaptations to life in the water, being partially aquatic, as do Pseudoryzomys and its relatives. Morphological data indicate that the genus Oryzomys is the closest relative of the group that includes Pseudoryzomys, but DNA sequence data from the nuclear IRBP gene did not support this relationship; convergent adaptations towards a semiaquatic lifestyle may explain the morphological support for a relation between Oryzomys and the other three genera. Description Pseudoryzomys simplex is a nondescript, medium-sized rat with long, soft fur. The upperparts are gray–brown and the underparts are buff; the color changes gradually over the body. The small ears are covered with short hairs. The tail is as long as or slightly longer than the head and body, and is dark above and light below. Despite the presence of short hairs, the scales on the tail are clearly visible. The hairs on the feet are pale. The hindfeet are long and narrow and have five toes, the first and fifth of which are short. Webbing is present between the second, third, and fourth toes, but the membranes are not as large as in Lundomys or Holochilus. The tufts of hair on the toes and several of the pads are reduced, other common characteristics of semiaquatic oryzomyines. The head-body length is , tail length , hindfeet length , ear length and body mass . The female has four pairs of teats, including one on the chest and three on the belly, and the gall bladder is absent, both important characters of Oryzomyini. As is characteristic of Sigmodontinae, Pseudoryzomys has a complex penis, with the baculum (penis bone) displaying large protuberances at the sides. In the cartilaginous part of the baculum, the central digit is smaller than those at the sides. Skull The skull, which is short at the front, shows some typical oryzomyine characters. The palate is long, extending past the molars and the maxillary bones. The alisphenoid strut, which in some sigmodontines separates two foramina (openings) in the skull, is absent. The squamosal bone lacks a suspensory process contacting the tegmen tympani, the roof the tympanic cavity. The front part is short. The nasal bones end bluntly close to the hindmost extent of the premaxillary bones. The narrow interorbital region, located between the eyes, converges towards the front and is flanked by low beads. The interparietal bone, located in the roof of the skull on the braincase, is nearly as wide as the frontals, but does not reach the squamosals. The incisive foramina, which perforate the palate between the incisors and the molars, are long and narrow, extending between the first molars. The back margins of the zygomatic plates, the flattened front portions of the zygomatic arches (cheekbones), are located before the first molars. Like its close relatives Lundomys and Holochilus, Pseudoryzomys has spinous processes on its zygomatic plates. These genera also share relatively simple posterolateral palatal pits, perforations of the palate near the third molar. Unlike Holochilus and Lundomys, however, Pseudoryzomys has a flat palate, lacking a ridge on the middle that extends along the length of the palate. The parapterygoid fossae, which are located behind the third molars, are excavated beyond the level of the palate, but not as deeply as in Holochilus and Lundomys. The mastoid skull bone contains a conspicuous opening, as in most oryzomyines. The mandible (lower jaw) is short and deep. The mental foramen, an opening at the front of the mandible, just before the first molar, opens to the side. The capsular process of the lower incisor, a raising of the mandibular bone at the back end of the incisor, is well developed. The two masseteric ridges, to which some of the chewing muscles are attached, are entirely separate, joining only at their front edges, which are located below the first molar. Molars As in all oryzomyines except Holochilus and its close relatives, the molars are brachyodont, low-crowned, and bunodont, with the cusps extending higher than the central parts of the molars. They are characterized by strong cusps and absence or reduction of accessory crests. The cusps of the upper molars are opposite, but in the lower molars the labial (outer) cusps are slightly further to the front than the lingual (inner) ones. On the upper first molar, one accessory ridge, the anteroloph, is lacking, but another, the mesoloph, is present. Unlike in most other oryzomyines, however, which have mesolophs reaching the labial margin of the molar, the mesolophs of Pseudoryzomys are short and protrude only slightly from the middle of the molar. The corresponding structure in the lower molars, the mesolophid, is completely absent. The hindmost valley between cusps on the lower first molar, the posteroflexid, is severely reduced, foreshadowing its loss in Lundomys and Holochilus. A number of molar traits support Pseudoryzomyss relationship with Holochilus and Lundomys, forming steps in the transition from the complex, low-crowned generalized oryzomyine molar pattern to the simpler, high-crowned pattern of Holochilus. As in all oryzomyines, the upper molars all have one root on the inner (lingual) side and two on the outer (labial) side; in addition, the first upper molar in Pseudoryzomys and some other species has another labial root. The first lower molar has large roots at the front and back of the tooth and two smaller ones in between, at the labial and lingual side. The second and third lowers molars have two roots at the front, one labial and one lingual, and another at the back. Postcranial skeleton Pseudoryzomys has 19 or 20 thoracic (chest) and lumbar vertebrae, 13 of which bear ribs, as is characteristic of oryzomyines. The first ribs contact both the seventh cervical (neck) vertebra and the first thoracic vertebra, an important character of the Sigmodontinae. Unlike in most sigmodontines, including Holochilus and Lundomys, the fourth lumbar vertebra lacks the processes known as anapophyses. There are three or four sacral and about 29 caudal (tail) vertebrae. Between the second and third caudal vertebrae, separate bones called hemal arches are present. These display a spinous process at the back, as in both Holochilus and Lundomys. On the humerus, the upper arm bone, the entepicondylar foramen is absent, as in all members of the Sigmodontinae; in some other cricetids, it perforates the far (distal) end of the humerus. Karyotype The karyotype generally includes 56 chromosomes with a total of 54 major arms (2n = 56, FN = 54) in specimens from both Bolivia and Brazil; a poorly prepared Paraguayan specimen seems to have a similar karyotype. In this karyotype, all autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) are acrocentric (with one arm so short as to be almost invisible). However, in two specimens from the Brazilian states of Tocantins and São Paulo, one pair of autosomes contains both an acrocentric and a metacentric chromosome (with two equally long arms), yielding an FN of 55. One arm of the metacentric chromosome consists entirely of heterochromatin. Apparently, a whole heterochromatic arm was added to this chromosome; cases of similar variation are known from the rodents Peromyscus, Clyomys, and Thaptomys. Both sex chromosomes are acrocentric, and X is larger than Y. In addition to heterochromatin near the centromere, the Y chromosome contains two large blocks of heterochromatin on its long arm. The karyotype is closely similar to that of Holochilus brasiliensis. Distribution, ecology, and variation Pseudoryzomys simplex is known from northeastern Argentina, probably south to about 30°S, northward through western Paraguay to eastern Bolivia and from there eastward through Brazil in the states of Mato Grosso, Goiás, Tocantins, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Bahia, and far in the northeast, Alagoas and Pernambuco. Paraguayan animals are somewhat smaller than those from Bolivia and Brazil and those from Bolivia have darker fur than Paraguayan specimens, but these differences are not considered significant enough to recognize subspecies. Certain bats show a similar pattern of variation: they are smaller and paler in the Chaco region, which includes much of Paraguay. Two specimens from Paraguay, collected apart, differed by 1.4% in the sequence of the cytochrome b gene, but nothing is known about genetic variation in other parts of the range. The species has long been rare in collections; in 1991, Voss and Myers could use less than 50 specimens for their study of the species, including Lund's fragmentary material from Lagoa Santa. A fragmentary lower jaw of "Pseudoryzomys aff. P. simplex" (i.e., an unnamed species close to Pseudoryzomys simplex) is known from a cave deposit in Cueva Tixi, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, outside the current distribution of the species. It is dated from the first millennium CE. The jaw's morphology agrees with that of P. simplex, but the toothrow is relatively long (5.78 mm; 4.61 to 5.60 mm in three specimens of P. simplex) and the first molar is relatively narrow (1.28 mm; 1.30 to 1.40 mm in five P. simplex). P. simplex inhabits open, usually humid tropical and subtropical lowlands. In Argentina, it is mainly a species of the eastern Chaco and in Brazil it is found in the Cerrado and Caatinga. Most specimens for which habitat data are known were caught on the ground in humid grassland, some in seasonally flooded areas; an Argentinean specimen was captured in dense swamp vegetation. It is terrestrial and semiaquatic, living on the ground but also spending time in the water. Nothing is known about behavior or diet. P. simplex has frequently been found in pellets of the barn owl (Tyto alba) and also in those of the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus). It is a preferred prey of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Conservation status The species is not known to be threatened and its conservation status is classified as least concern by the IUCN. It is a widely distributed species without substantial threats to its continued existence, but degradation of its habitat may endanger some populations. It was assessed as "potentially vulnerable" in Argentina. Footnotes References Literature cited Belentani, S.C. da S., Motta-Junior, J.C. and Talamoni, S.A. 2005. Notes on the food habits and prey selection of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) (Mammalia, Canidae) in southeastern Brazil. Biocièncias 13(1):95–98. Bonvicino, C.R., Lemos, B. and Weksler, M. 2005. Small mammals of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (Cerrado of Central Brazil): Ecologic, karyologic, and taxonomic considerations. Brazilian Journal of Biology 65(3):395–406. Bonvicino, C.R., Oliveira, J.A. and D'Andrea, P.S. 2008. . Rio de Janeiro: Centro Pan-Americano de Febre Aftosa – OPAS/OMS, 120 pp. (in Portuguese). Carleton, M.D. and Olson, S.L. 1999. Amerigo Vespucci and the rat of Fernando de Noronha: a new genus and species of Rodentia (Muridae, Sigmodontinae) from a volcanic island off Brazil's continental shelf. American Museum Novitates 3256:1–59. Chebez, J.C., Pereira, J., Massoia, E., Di Giacomo, A.G. and Fortabat, S.H. 2005. Mamíferos de la Reserva El Bagual. Temas de Naturaleza y Conservación 4:467–499 (in Spanish). D'Elia, G., Mora, I., Myers, P. and Owen, R.D. 2008. New and noteworthy records of Rodentia (Erethizontidae, Sciuridae, and Cricetidae) from Paraguay (subscription required for full paper). Zootaxa 1784:39–57. Díaz, G. and Ojeda, R. 2000. Libro Rojo de los mamíferos amenazados de la Argentina. Mendoza: Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos, 106 pp. (in Spanish). Hershkovitz, P.M. 1959. Two new genera of South American rodents (Cricetinae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72:5–10. Hershkovitz, P.M. 1960. Mammals of northern Colombia, preliminary report no. 8: Arboreal rice rats, a systematic revision of the subgenus Oecomys, genus Oryzomys. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 110:513–568. Hershkovitz, P. 1962. Evolution of Neotropical cricetine rodents (Muridae) with special reference to the phyllotine group. Fieldiana Zoology 46:1–524. Moreira, C.N., Di-Nizo, C.B., Silva, M.J.d.J., Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y. and Ventura, K. 2013. A remarkable autosomal heteromorphism in Pseudoryzomys simplex 2n = 56; FN = 54-55 (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) (subscription required). Genetics and Molecular Biology 36(2):201–206. Pardiñas, U.F.J. 1995. Novedosos cricetidos (Mammalia, Rodentia) en el Holoceno de la Región Pampeana, Argentina. Ameghiniana 32(2):197–203 (in Spanish). Pardiñas, U.F.J. 2008. A new genus of oryzomyine rodent (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from the Pleistocene of Argentina (subscription required). Journal of Mammalogy 89(5):1270–1278. Pardiñas, U.F.J., Cirignoli, S. and Galliari, C.A. 2004. Distribution of Pseudoryzomys simplex (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Argentina. Mastozoología Neotropical 11(1):105–108. Voss, R.S. and Carleton, M.D. 1993. A new genus for Hesperomys molitor Winge and Holochilus magnus Hershkovitz (Mammalia, Muridae) with an analysis of its phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3085:1–39. Voss, R.S. and Myers, P. 1991. Pseudoryzomys simplex (Rodentia: Muridae) and the significance of Lund's collections from the caves of Lagoa Santa, Brazil. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 206:414–432. Weksler, M. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of oryzomyine rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): separate and combined analyses of morphological and molecular data. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 296:1–149. Wetzel, R.M. and Lovett, J.W. 1974. A collection of animals from the Chaco of Paraguay. University of Connecticut Occasional Papers 2(13):203–216. Winge, H. 1888. Jordfundne og nulevende Gnavere (Rodentia) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, Brasilien. E Museo Lundii 1(3):1–200. Oryzomyini Monotypic rodent genera Mammals of Argentina Mammals of Bolivia Mammals of Brazil Mammals of Paraguay Mammals described in 1888 Taxa named by Philip Hershkovitz

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sverre%20Kolterud

Sverre Kolterud

Sverre Cristiansen Kolterud (March 15, 1908, Nordre Land – November 7, 1996) was a Norwegian Nordic combined skier who competed in the 1930s. He was born in Dokka and died in Oslo. Kolterud won two silver medals in the individual event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships (1931, 1934). At the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York he finished 4th in the individual event. External links Sverre Kolterud's profile at Sports Reference.com 1908 births 1996 deaths People from Nordre Land Norwegian male Nordic combined skiers Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Norway Nordic combined skiers at the 1932 Winter Olympics FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined Sportspeople from Innlandet

17328425

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscoplasticity

Viscoplasticity

Viscoplasticity is a theory in continuum mechanics that describes the rate-dependent inelastic behavior of solids. Rate-dependence in this context means that the deformation of the material depends on the rate at which loads are applied. The inelastic behavior that is the subject of viscoplasticity is plastic deformation which means that the material undergoes unrecoverable deformations when a load level is reached. Rate-dependent plasticity is important for transient plasticity calculations. The main difference between rate-independent plastic and viscoplastic material models is that the latter exhibit not only permanent deformations after the application of loads but continue to undergo a creep flow as a function of time under the influence of the applied load. The elastic response of viscoplastic materials can be represented in one-dimension by Hookean spring elements. Rate-dependence can be represented by nonlinear dashpot elements in a manner similar to viscoelasticity. Plasticity can be accounted for by adding sliding frictional elements as shown in Figure 1. In the figure E is the modulus of elasticity, λ is the viscosity parameter and N is a power-law type parameter that represents non-linear dashpot [σ(dε/dt)= σ = λ(dε/dt)(1/N)]. The sliding element can have a yield stress (σy) that is strain rate dependent, or even constant, as shown in Figure 1c. Viscoplasticity is usually modeled in three-dimensions using overstress models of the Perzyna or Duvaut-Lions types. In these models, the stress is allowed to increase beyond the rate-independent yield surface upon application of a load and then allowed to relax back to the yield surface over time. The yield surface is usually assumed not to be rate-dependent in such models. An alternative approach is to add a strain rate dependence to the yield stress and use the techniques of rate independent plasticity to calculate the response of a material For metals and alloys, viscoplasticity is the macroscopic behavior caused by a mechanism linked to the movement of dislocations in grains, with superposed effects of inter-crystalline gliding. The mechanism usually becomes dominant at temperatures greater than approximately one third of the absolute melting temperature. However, certain alloys exhibit viscoplasticity at room temperature (300K). For polymers, wood, and bitumen, the theory of viscoplasticity is required to describe behavior beyond the limit of elasticity or viscoelasticity. In general, viscoplasticity theories are useful in areas such as: the calculation of permanent deformations, the prediction of the plastic collapse of structures, the investigation of stability, crash simulations, systems exposed to high temperatures such as turbines in engines, e.g. a power plant, dynamic problems and systems exposed to high strain rates. History Research on plasticity theories started in 1864 with the work of Henri Tresca, Saint Venant (1870) and Levy (1871) on the maximum shear criterion. An improved plasticity model was presented in 1913 by Von Mises which is now referred to as the von Mises yield criterion. In viscoplasticity, the development of a mathematical model heads back to 1910 with the representation of primary creep by Andrade's law. In 1929, Norton developed a one-dimensional dashpot model which linked the rate of secondary creep to the stress. In 1934, Odqvist generalized Norton's law to the multi-axial case. Concepts such as the normality of plastic flow to the yield surface and flow rules for plasticity were introduced by Prandtl (1924) and Reuss (1930). In 1932, Hohenemser and Prager proposed the first model for slow viscoplastic flow. This model provided a relation between the deviatoric stress and the strain rate for an incompressible Bingham solid However, the application of these theories did not begin before 1950, where limit theorems were discovered. In 1960, the first IUTAM Symposium “Creep in Structures” organized by Hoff provided a major development in viscoplasticity with the works of Hoff, Rabotnov, Perzyna, Hult, and Lemaitre for the isotropic hardening laws, and those of Kratochvil, Malinini and Khadjinsky, Ponter and Leckie, and Chaboche for the kinematic hardening laws. Perzyna, in 1963, introduced a viscosity coefficient that is temperature and time dependent. The formulated models were supported by the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and the phenomenological standpoint. The ideas presented in these works have been the basis for most subsequent research into rate-dependent plasticity. Phenomenology For a qualitative analysis, several characteristic tests are performed to describe the phenomenology of viscoplastic materials. Some examples of these tests are hardening tests at constant stress or strain rate, creep tests at constant force, and stress relaxation at constant elongation. Strain hardening test One consequence of yielding is that as plastic deformation proceeds, an increase in stress is required to produce additional strain. This phenomenon is known as Strain/Work hardening. For a viscoplastic material the hardening curves are not significantly different from those of rate-independent plastic material. Nevertheless, three essential differences can be observed. At the same strain, the higher the rate of strain the higher the stress A change in the rate of strain during the test results in an immediate change in the stress–strain curve. The concept of a plastic yield limit is no longer strictly applicable. The hypothesis of partitioning the strains by decoupling the elastic and plastic parts is still applicable where the strains are small, i.e., where is the elastic strain and is the viscoplastic strain. To obtain the stress–strain behavior shown in blue in the figure, the material is initially loaded at a strain rate of 0.1/s. The strain rate is then instantaneously raised to 100/s and held constant at that value for some time. At the end of that time period the strain rate is dropped instantaneously back to 0.1/s and the cycle is continued for increasing values of strain. There is clearly a lag between the strain-rate change and the stress response. This lag is modeled quite accurately by overstress models (such as the Perzyna model) but not by models of rate-independent plasticity that have a rate-dependent yield stress. Creep test Creep is the tendency of a solid material to slowly move or deform permanently under constant stresses. Creep tests measure the strain response due to a constant stress as shown in Figure 3. The classical creep curve represents the evolution of strain as a function of time in a material subjected to uniaxial stress at a constant temperature. The creep test, for instance, is performed by applying a constant force/stress and analyzing the strain response of the system. In general, as shown in Figure 3b this curve usually shows three phases or periods of behavior A primary creep stage, also known as transient creep, is the starting stage during which hardening of the material leads to a decrease in the rate of flow which is initially very high. . The secondary creep stage, also known as the steady state, is where the strain rate is constant. . A tertiary creep phase in which there is an increase in the strain rate up to the fracture strain. . Relaxation test As shown in Figure 4, the relaxation test is defined as the stress response due to a constant strain for a period of time. In viscoplastic materials, relaxation tests demonstrate the stress relaxation in uniaxial loading at a constant strain. In fact, these tests characterize the viscosity and can be used to determine the relation which exists between the stress and the rate of viscoplastic strain. The decomposition of strain rate is The elastic part of the strain rate is given by For the flat region of the strain-time curve, the total strain rate is zero. Hence we have, Therefore, the relaxation curve can be used to determine rate of viscoplastic strain and hence the viscosity of the dashpot in a one-dimensional viscoplastic material model. The residual value that is reached when the stress has plateaued at the end of a relaxation test corresponds to the upper limit of elasticity. For some materials such as rock salt such an upper limit of elasticity occurs at a very small value of stress and relaxation tests can be continued for more than a year without any observable plateau in the stress. It is important to note that relaxation tests are extremely difficult to perform because maintaining the condition in a test requires considerable delicacy. Rheological models of viscoplasticity One-dimensional constitutive models for viscoplasticity based on spring-dashpot-slider elements include the perfectly viscoplastic solid, the elastic perfectly viscoplastic solid, and the elastoviscoplastic hardening solid. The elements may be connected in series or in parallel. In models where the elements are connected in series the strain is additive while the stress is equal in each element. In parallel connections, the stress is additive while the strain is equal in each element. Many of these one-dimensional models can be generalized to three dimensions for the small strain regime. In the subsequent discussion, time rates strain and stress are written as and , respectively. Perfectly viscoplastic solid (Norton-Hoff model) In a perfectly viscoplastic solid, also called the Norton-Hoff model of viscoplasticity, the stress (as for viscous fluids) is a function of the rate of permanent strain. The effect of elasticity is neglected in the model, i.e., and hence there is no initial yield stress, i.e., . The viscous dashpot has a response given by where is the viscosity of the dashpot. In the Norton-Hoff model the viscosity is a nonlinear function of the applied stress and is given by where is a fitting parameter, λ is the kinematic viscosity of the material and . Then the viscoplastic strain rate is given by the relation In one-dimensional form, the Norton-Hoff model can be expressed as When the solid is viscoelastic. If we assume that plastic flow is isochoric (volume preserving), then the above relation can be expressed in the more familiar form where is the deviatoric stress tensor, is the von Mises equivalent strain rate, and are material parameters. The equivalent strain rate is defined as These models can be applied in metals and alloys at temperatures higher than two thirds of their absolute melting point (in kelvins) and polymers/asphalt at elevated temperature. The responses for strain hardening, creep, and relaxation tests of such material are shown in Figure 6. Elastic perfectly viscoplastic solid (Bingham–Norton model) Two types of elementary approaches can be used to build up an elastic-perfectly viscoplastic mode. In the first situation, the sliding friction element and the dashpot are arranged in parallel and then connected in series to the elastic spring as shown in Figure 7. This model is called the Bingham–Maxwell model (by analogy with the Maxwell model and the Bingham model) or the Bingham–Norton model. In the second situation, all three elements are arranged in parallel. Such a model is called a Bingham–Kelvin model by analogy with the Kelvin model. For elastic-perfectly viscoplastic materials, the elastic strain is no longer considered negligible but the rate of plastic strain is only a function of the initial yield stress and there is no influence of hardening. The sliding element represents a constant yielding stress when the elastic limit is exceeded irrespective of the strain. The model can be expressed as where is the viscosity of the dashpot element. If the dashpot element has a response that is of the Norton form we get the Bingham–Norton model Other expressions for the strain rate can also be observed in the literature with the general form The responses for strain hardening, creep, and relaxation tests of such material are shown in Figure 8. Elastoviscoplastic hardening solid An elastic-viscoplastic material with strain hardening is described by equations similar to those for an elastic-viscoplastic material with perfect plasticity. However, in this case the stress depends both on the plastic strain rate and on the plastic strain itself. For an elastoviscoplastic material the stress, after exceeding the yield stress, continues to increase beyond the initial yielding point. This implies that the yield stress in the sliding element increases with strain and the model may be expressed in generic terms as . This model is adopted when metals and alloys are at medium and higher temperatures and wood under high loads. The responses for strain hardening, creep, and relaxation tests of such a material are shown in Figure 9. Strain-rate dependent plasticity models Classical phenomenological viscoplasticity models for small strains are usually categorized into two types: the Perzyna formulation the Duvaut–Lions formulation Perzyna formulation In the Perzyna formulation the plastic strain rate is assumed to be given by a constitutive relation of the form where is a yield function, is the Cauchy stress, is a set of internal variables (such as the plastic strain ), is a relaxation time. The notation denotes the Macaulay brackets. The flow rule used in various versions of the Chaboche model is a special case of Perzyna's flow rule and has the form where is the quasistatic value of and is a backstress. Several models for the backstress also go by the name Chaboche model. Duvaut–Lions formulation The Duvaut–Lions formulation is equivalent to the Perzyna formulation and may be expressed as where is the elastic stiffness tensor, is the closest point projection of the stress state on to the boundary of the region that bounds all possible elastic stress states. The quantity is typically found from the rate-independent solution to a plasticity problem. Flow stress models The quantity represents the evolution of the yield surface. The yield function is often expressed as an equation consisting of some invariant of stress and a model for the yield stress (or plastic flow stress). An example is von Mises or plasticity. In those situations the plastic strain rate is calculated in the same manner as in rate-independent plasticity. In other situations, the yield stress model provides a direct means of computing the plastic strain rate. Numerous empirical and semi-empirical flow stress models are used the computational plasticity. The following temperature and strain-rate dependent models provide a sampling of the models in current use: the Johnson–Cook model the Steinberg–Cochran–Guinan–Lund model. the Zerilli–Armstrong model. the Mechanical threshold stress model. the Preston–Tonks–Wallace model. The Johnson–Cook (JC) model is purely empirical and is the most widely used of the five. However, this model exhibits an unrealistically small strain-rate dependence at high temperatures. The Steinberg–Cochran–Guinan–Lund (SCGL) model is semi-empirical. The model is purely empirical and strain-rate independent at high strain-rates. A dislocation-based extension based on is used at low strain-rates. The SCGL model is used extensively by the shock physics community. The Zerilli–Armstrong (ZA) model is a simple physically based model that has been used extensively. A more complex model that is based on ideas from dislocation dynamics is the Mechanical Threshold Stress (MTS) model. This model has been used to model the plastic deformation of copper, tantalum, alloys of steel, and aluminum alloys. However, the MTS model is limited to strain-rates less than around 107/s. The Preston–Tonks–Wallace (PTW) model is also physically based and has a form similar to the MTS model. However, the PTW model has components that can model plastic deformation in the overdriven shock regime (strain-rates greater that 107/s). Hence this model is valid for the largest range of strain-rates among the five flow stress models. Johnson–Cook flow stress model The Johnson–Cook (JC) model is purely empirical and gives the following relation for the flow stress () where is the equivalent plastic strain, is the plastic strain-rate, and are material constants. The normalized strain-rate and temperature in equation (1) are defined as where is the effective plastic strain-rate of the quasi-static test used to determine the yield and hardening parameters A,B and n. This is not as it is often thought just a parameter to make non-dimensional. is a reference temperature, and is a reference melt temperature. For conditions where , we assume that . Steinberg–Cochran–Guinan–Lund flow stress model The Steinberg–Cochran–Guinan–Lund (SCGL) model is a semi-empirical model that was developed by Steinberg et al. for high strain-rate situations and extended to low strain-rates and bcc materials by Steinberg and Lund. The flow stress in this model is given by where is the athermal component of the flow stress, is a function that represents strain hardening, is the thermally activated component of the flow stress, is the pressure- and temperature-dependent shear modulus, and is the shear modulus at standard temperature and pressure. The saturation value of the athermal stress is . The saturation of the thermally activated stress is the Peierls stress (). The shear modulus for this model is usually computed with the Steinberg–Cochran–Guinan shear modulus model. The strain hardening function () has the form where are work hardening parameters, and is the initial equivalent plastic strain. The thermal component () is computed using a bisection algorithm from the following equation. where is the energy to form a kink-pair in a dislocation segment of length , is the Boltzmann constant, is the Peierls stress. The constants are given by the relations where is the dislocation density, is the length of a dislocation segment, is the distance between Peierls valleys, is the magnitude of the Burgers vector, is the Debye frequency, is the width of a kink loop, and is the drag coefficient. Zerilli–Armstrong flow stress model The Zerilli–Armstrong (ZA) model is based on simplified dislocation mechanics. The general form of the equation for the flow stress is In this model, is the athermal component of the flow stress given by where is the contribution due to solutes and initial dislocation density, is the microstructural stress intensity, is the average grain diameter, is zero for fcc materials, are material constants. In the thermally activated terms, the functional forms of the exponents and are where are material parameters that depend on the type of material (fcc, bcc, hcp, alloys). The Zerilli–Armstrong model has been modified by for better performance at high temperatures. Mechanical threshold stress flow stress model The Mechanical Threshold Stress (MTS) model ) has the form where is the athermal component of mechanical threshold stress, is the component of the flow stress due to intrinsic barriers to thermally activated dislocation motion and dislocation-dislocation interactions, is the component of the flow stress due to microstructural evolution with increasing deformation (strain hardening), () are temperature and strain-rate dependent scaling factors, and is the shear modulus at 0 K and ambient pressure. The scaling factors take the Arrhenius form where is the Boltzmann constant, is the magnitude of the Burgers' vector, () are normalized activation energies, () are the strain-rate and reference strain-rate, and () are constants. The strain hardening component of the mechanical threshold stress () is given by an empirical modified Voce law where and is the hardening due to dislocation accumulation, is the contribution due to stage-IV hardening, () are constants, is the stress at zero strain hardening rate, is the saturation threshold stress for deformation at 0 K, is a constant, and is the maximum strain-rate. Note that the maximum strain-rate is usually limited to about /s. Preston–Tonks–Wallace flow stress model The Preston–Tonks–Wallace (PTW) model attempts to provide a model for the flow stress for extreme strain-rates (up to 1011/s) and temperatures up to melt. A linear Voce hardening law is used in the model. The PTW flow stress is given by with where is a normalized work-hardening saturation stress, is the value of at 0K, is a normalized yield stress, is the hardening constant in the Voce hardening law, and is a dimensionless material parameter that modifies the Voce hardening law. The saturation stress and the yield stress are given by where is the value of close to the melt temperature, () are the values of at 0 K and close to melt, respectively, are material constants, , () are material parameters for the high strain-rate regime, and where is the density, and is the atomic mass. See also Viscoelasticity Bingham plastic Dashpot Creep (deformation) Plasticity (physics) Continuum mechanics Quasi-solid References Continuum mechanics Plasticity (physics)

23571638

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted%20Computer%20System%20Evaluation%20Criteria

Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria

Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) is a United States Government Department of Defense (DoD) standard that sets basic requirements for assessing the effectiveness of computer security controls built into a computer system. The TCSEC was used to evaluate, classify, and select computer systems being considered for the processing, storage, and retrieval of sensitive or classified information. The TCSEC, frequently referred to as the Orange Book, is the centerpiece of the DoD Rainbow Series publications. Initially issued in 1983 by the National Computer Security Center (NCSC), an arm of the National Security Agency, and then updated in 1985, TCSEC was eventually replaced by the Common Criteria international standard, originally published in 2005. Fundamental objectives and requirements On 24 October 2002, The Orange Book (aka DoDD 5200.28-STD) was canceled by DoDD 8500.1, which was later reissued as DoDI 8500.02, on 14 March 2014. Policy The security policy must be explicit, well-defined, and enforced by the computer system. Three basic security policies are specified: Mandatory Security Policy – Enforces access control rules based directly on an individual's clearance, authorization for the information and the confidentiality level of the information being sought. Other indirect factors are physical and environmental. This policy must also accurately reflect the laws, general policies and other relevant guidance from which the rules are derived. Marking – Systems designed to enforce a mandatory security policy must store and preserve the integrity of access control labels and retain the labels if the object is exported. Discretionary Security Policy – Enforces a consistent set of rules for controlling and limiting access based on identified individuals who have been determined to have a need-to-know for the information. Accountability Individual accountability regardless of policy must be enforced. A secure means must exist to ensure the access of an authorized and competent agent that can then evaluate the accountability information within a reasonable amount of time and without undue difficulty. The accountability objective includes three requirements: Identification – The process used to recognize an individual user. Authentication – The verification of an individual user's authorization to specific categories of information. Auditing – Audit information must be selectively kept and protected so that actions affecting security can be traced to the authenticated individual. Assurance The computer system must contain hardware/software mechanisms that can be independently evaluated to provide sufficient assurance that the system enforces the above requirements. By extension, assurance must include a guarantee that the trusted portion of the system works only as intended. To accomplish these objectives, two types of assurance are needed with their respective elements: Assurance Mechanisms Operational Assurance: System Architecture, System Integrity, Covert Channel Analysis, Trusted Facility Management, and Trusted Recovery Life-cycle Assurance : Security Testing, Design Specification and Verification, Configuration Management, and Trusted System Distribution Continuous Protection Assurance – The trusted mechanisms that enforce these basic requirements must be continuously protected against tampering or unauthorized changes. Documentation Within each class, an additional set of documentation addresses the development, deployment, and management of the system rather than its capabilities. This documentation includes: Security Features User's Guide, Trusted Facility Manual, Test Documentation, and Design Documentation Divisions and classes The TCSEC defines four divisions: D, C, B, and A, where division A has the highest security. Each division represents a significant difference in the trust an individual or organization can place on the evaluated system. Additionally divisions C, B and A are broken into a series of hierarchical subdivisions called classes: C1, C2, B1, B2, B3, and A1. Each division and class expands or modifies as indicated the requirements of the immediately prior division or class. D – Minimal protection Reserved for those systems that have been evaluated but that fail to meet the requirement for a higher division. C – Discretionary protection C1 – Discretionary Security Protection Identification and authentication Separation of users and data Discretionary Access Control (DAC) capable of enforcing access limitations on an individual basis Required System Documentation and user manuals C2 – Controlled Access Protection More finely grained DAC Individual accountability through login procedures Audit trails Object reuse Resource isolation An example of such as system is HP-UX B – Mandatory protection B1 – Labeled Security Protection Informal statement of the security policy model Data sensitivity labels Mandatory Access Control (MAC) over selected subjects and objects Label exportation capabilities Some discovered flaws must be removed or otherwise mitigated Design specifications and verification B2 – Structured Protection Security policy model clearly defined and formally documented DAC and MAC enforcement extended to all subjects and objects Covert storage channels are analyzed for occurrence and bandwidth Carefully structured into protection-critical and non-protection-critical elements Design and implementation enable more comprehensive testing and review Authentication mechanisms are strengthened Trusted facility management is provided with administrator and operator segregation Strict configuration management controls are imposed Operator and Administrator roles are separated. An example of such a system was Multics B3 – Security Domains Satisfies reference monitor requirements Structured to exclude code not essential to security policy enforcement Significant system engineering directed toward minimizing complexity Security administrator role defined Audit security-relevant events Automated imminent intrusion detection, notification, and response Trusted path to the TCB for the user authentication function Trusted system recovery procedures Covert timing channels are analyzed for occurrence and bandwidth An example of such a system is the XTS-300, a precursor to the XTS-400 A – Verified protection A1 – Verified Design Functionally identical to B3 Formal design and verification techniques including a formal top-level specification Formal management and distribution procedures Examples of A1-class systems are Honeywell's SCOMP, Aesec's GEMSOS, and Boeing's SNS Server. Two that were unevaluated were the production LOCK platform and the cancelled DEC VAX Security Kernel. Beyond A1 System Architecture demonstrates that the requirements of self-protection and completeness for reference monitors have been implemented in the Trusted Computing Base (TCB). Security Testing automatically generates test-case from the formal top-level specification or formal lower-level specifications. Formal Specification and Verification is where the TCB is verified down to the source code level, using formal verification methods where feasible. Trusted Design Environment is where the TCB is designed in a trusted facility with only trusted (cleared) personnel. Matching classes to environmental requirements The publication entitled "Army Regulation 380-19" is an example of a guide to determining which system class should be used in a given situation. See also AR 380-19 superseded by AR 25-2 Canadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation Criteria Common Criteria ITSEC Rainbow Series Trusted Platform Module References External links National Security Institute - 5200.28-STD Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria FAS IRP DOD Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria DOD 5200.28 National Security Agency Computer security standards Trusted computing

6899432

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%20I%20Want%20%28Dead%20or%20Alive%20song%29

What I Want (Dead or Alive song)

"What I Want" is a song written and recorded by English pop band Dead or Alive. It was co-produced by the band and Zeus B. Held and released in August 1983 as the second single from Dead or Alive's debut studio album Sophisticated Boom Boom (1984). Background The song was not a success when released, peaking at No. 88 in the UK Singles Chart. After Dead or Alive's UK Top 40 success of "That's the Way (I Like It)", "What I Want" was re-issued in June 1984. It did not fare much better during its second chart run, placing only one position higher, at No. 87. Track listing Chart performance The single was re-released in June 1984, however, it proved to be a slight, but bigger hit than the original. Both versions charted in the UK, separated by only one position between the two. External links 1983 singles Dead or Alive (band) songs Songs written by Pete Burns 1983 songs Songs written by Mike Percy (musician) Epic Records singles Songs written by Wayne Hussey

23571643

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustia%2C%20Dub%C4%83sari

Ustia, Dubăsari

Ustia is a village in Dubăsari District, Moldova. Media Jurnal FM - 98.7 MHz Notable people Ștefan Urâtu References Villages of Dubăsari District Populated places on the Dniester

23571649

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabile%20%28poetry%20collection%29

Cantabile (poetry collection)

Cantabile is a collection of poems written by Henrik, the Prince Consort of Denmark and published in 2000. It is illustrated by the Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II. The book contains both the original poems by Prince Henrik, written in French, as well as Danish translations by Per Aage Brandt. Musical settings Lacrymae mundi for male choir by Svend Hvidtfelt Nielsen (2008) Symphonic suite Cantabile for symphony orchestra, choir and soloists by Frederik Magle (2004-2009) References External links Le Parisien 2000 poetry books Danish poetry collections French poetry collections

6899448

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian%20arboreal%20mouse

Brazilian arboreal mouse

The Brazilian arboreal mouse (Rhagomys rufescens) is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, often close to bamboo thickets. It can be distinguished from Rhagomys longilingua, the only other species in its genus, by the absence of spines among the hair. Formerly believed to be extinct after no sightings were recorded for over 100 years, the species has since been found in four localities. However, it is nowhere common, and all of these are forest fragments, and ongoing deforestation threatens the species' survival. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "vulnerable". Description The Brazilian arboreal mouse is a small mouse with small rounded ears and vibrissae (whiskers) long enough to reach the ears. The dorsal fur is reddish-brown which gradually fades to reddish-grey on the ventral surface. The hair is soft, and this distinguishes Rhagomys rufescens from the only other species in the genus, Rhagomys longilingua, which has spines mixed in with the hairs. They also differ in certain skull characteristics, and their ranges do not overlap. The head-and-body length slightly exceeds the tail length. The tail is brownish and has small scales. It is sparsely clad in blackish hairs that get longer near the tip and form a tuft. The hind feet are broad with bare soles and fleshy plantar pads. The hallux (big toe) bears a nail rather than a claw, a unique characteristic of this genus. The female has three pairs of mammary glands. Distribution and habitat R. rufescens was first described in 1886 from Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil but it has not been found in that locality for over one hundred years and was believed to be extinct. However, it has now been found in four other localities in Brazil, near Ubatuba in São Paulo State, including in Pincinguaba State Park, and near Viçosa in Minas Gerais State. It typically lives in Atlantic forest, often among bamboos, and also in modified forest habitats. Ecology Little is known about this species and its natural history. Several specimens were caught in pitfall traps sunk in the ground, but it is thought that it is an arboreal rodent, or one that scrambles among the undergrowth, because of the morphology of its feet. Examination of the stomach contents of one individual that was caught showed that it had eaten several species of ant. References Rhagomys Mammals described in 1886 Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas Endemic fauna of Brazil

6899453

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Reese

David Reese

David Reese or Reece may refer to: David Reece, lead singer of German heavy metal band Accept, Bangalore Choir, and Gypsy Rose David Reece (priest) (1895–1981), Archdeacon of Margam David Addison Reese (1794–1871), American politician and doctor David Meredith Reese (1800–1861), American physician and skeptic Dave Reece (born 1948), American professional ice hockey goaltender Chip Reese (1951–2007), American professional gambler See also David Rees (disambiguation)

17328450

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria%20County%20Council

Cumbria County Council

Cumbria County Council is the county council for the non-metropolitan county of Cumbria in the North West of England. Established in April 1974, following its first elections held the previous year, it is an elected local government body responsible for the most significant local services in the area, including schools, roads, and social services. In July 2021 the government announced that in April 2023, the county council will be abolished and its functions transferred to two new unitary authorities: Cumberland Council and Westmorland and Furness Council. Creation In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the administrative counties of Cumberland and Westmorland and the county borough of Carlisle were abolished, and the areas they covered were combined with parts of Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire to form a new non-metropolitan county called Cumbria. Functions Cumbria County Council is responsible for the more strategic local services of the county, including education (schools, both primary and secondary), libraries and youth services, social services, highway maintenance, waste disposal, emergency planning, consumer protection, and town and country planning for minerals matters, waste and for highways. This makes it a substantial employer. The former Cumberland County Council's final major road scheme, an A66 bypass for Keswick, was prepared by Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick, consulting engineers, in 1972, and construction began in the summer of 1974, with the new authority completing the scheme. The Council operates various recycling and waste disposal facilities across the area. In January 2012, the Council announced plans to close six of these centres. The six sites identified by the review as most suitable for closure are at Ambleside, Brampton, Grange-over-Sands, Kirkby Stephen, Millom and Wigton. The administrative offices are at Cumbria House in Botchergate, Carlisle, and formal meetings of the Council are held at the County Offices in Kendal. History Control of the council swung back and forth. In its first four years (1973-1977) there was no overall control, but in 1977 the Conservatives gained a majority. In 1981, this became a majority for Labour, and from 1985 there was again no one-party control. In 1997, Labour again took control, but they lost it in 2001. In the final years of its existence there again was no party with a majority. A proposal for Cumbria to become a unitary authority was made in 2007, and Cumbria went into consultation, with opposition coming from the district councils which would be abolished: Allerdale, Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle, Copeland, Eden, and South Lakeland. In the event, the county was left out of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England. In 2008, the county council rejected a proposal to introduce a directly elected mayor, opting instead for a cabinet-style administration that resembled the status quo. During the same year, an administration of Conservatives and Liberal Democrats collapsed, suffering not least from lacking a majority in the council. Thirty-nine Labour members and three Independents exactly equalled the total of thirty-two Conservatives and ten Liberal Democrats. A minority Labour administration then took over running the council until the June 2009 elections, when a net gain of one seat from the Independents led to the creation of a new Conservative and Labour coalition. In 2020 the council approved Whitehaven coal mine for a third time. It will be the first deep coal mine in the UK in 30 years. The approval was widely criticised for its environmental damage and carbon emissions. Westmorland and Lonsdale MP Tim Farron described the coal mine as a "complete disaster for our children's future". In July 2021 the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government announced that in April 2023, the county will be reorganised into two unitary authorities. Cumbria County Council is to be abolished and its functions transferred to the new authorities. An eastern authority, to be known as Westmorland and Furness Council, will cover the current districts of Barrow-in-Furness, Eden, and South Lakeland, and a new western authority, to be known as Cumberland Council, will cover the current districts of Allerdale, Carlisle, and Copeland. Elections The first elections to the authority were in 1973, and members have been elected since then every four years for a four-year term of office, with elections being held all together on the "first past the post" system. Since boundary changes in 2001, 84 councillors have been elected from 84 single-member electoral divisions. At the June 2009 elections, the outcome was 38 Conservatives members, 24 Labour, 16 Liberal Democrats and six Independents. A Labour-Conservative coalition was formed. Following the May 2013 elections the outcome was 35 Labour members, 26 Conservative, 16 Liberal Democrats and 7 Independents. A Labour-Lib Dem coalition was formed. Following the May 2017 elections, the outcome was 37 Conservative, 26 Labour, 16 Liberal Democrats and 5 Independents, resulting in a Labour-Lib Dem coalition with support from Independent members. The 2021 election was postponed on 10 April 2021. In view of the council's abolition there was no election to the council in 2022. Political control Since 1973 the political control of the council has been as follows: Notable members Tim Westoll, first chairman of the council, previously chairman of Cumberland County Council from 1959 to 1974. See also 2009 Cumbria Council election County council Notes Local government in Cumbria History of Cumbria Politics of Cumbria County councils of England 1974 establishments in England Local education authorities in England Local authorities in Cumbria Major precepting authorities in England Leader and cabinet executives

23571656

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramchandra%20Chintaman%20Dhere

Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere

Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere (21 July 1930 – 1 July 2016) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India. Early life Dhere was born in the small village of Nigade in Pune district. He was orphaned at an early age of five. He studied at Municipal School, Pune, Poona English School, Poona Night School and graduated in 1966. During high school days he worked as a proof reader in the local press. Dhere earned a PhD in Marathi in 1975. His doctoral thesis titled Shtsthal: Ek Adhyan was completed under the guidance of Ramchandra Shankar Walimbe. In 1980, he became the first person to obtain a Doctorate of Literature from Pune University. Career From his childhood, Dhere was deeply influenced by folk-life and literature. He was drawn towards saint literature such as Warkari and Nath sects and started studying them. Dhere wrote over 100 scholarly books, including some edited or translated works of others, on Marathi folk literature and culture, reconstruction of cultural history of places, religious sects in Maharashtra, and biographies of marathi saints. He also composed several poems and musical plays. Dhere lost almost all of his collection of old books in 1961 when the Panshet Dam broke flooding the city of Pune. Dhere received a Sahitya Akademi Award in 1987 for his literary criticism Shri Vitthal: Ek MahaSamanvay. The highly influential book was translated to English by Anne Feldhaus and published by Oxford University Press in 2011. Death and legacy Dhere died in Pune on 1 July 2016 at the age of 86 following prolonged illness. Writer Aruna Ramchandra Dhere is his daughter. In 2019, a library was built in Pune to preserve a collection of his books. Literary work The following is a partial list of Dhere's works: Notes Marathi-language writers Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Marathi 1930 births People from Pune district 2016 deaths

23571657

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2H4Br2

C2H4Br2

{{DISPLAYTITLE:C2H4Br2}} The molecular formula C2H4Br2 (molar mass: 187.86 g/mol, exact mass: 185.8680 u) may refer to: 1,1-Dibromoethane (ethylidene dibromide) 1,2-Dibromoethane, or ethylene dibromide (EDB)

6899458

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Pop

U-Pop

U-Pop was a satellite radio channel programmed by Washington, DC based 1worldspace. U-Pop could originally be heard globally on WorldSpace's Afristar and Asiastar satellites. The channel features hit music from around the globe including hits from Europe, Japan, Africa, America and Latin America. It is available on 1worldspace radio only. XM Hiatus and elimination of U-Pop on XM XM Satellite Radio carried U-Pop on channel 29 and on Channel 824 on DirecTV. The company has placed U-Pop on hiatus several times over the life of the channel and eliminated it from the lineup on November 12, 2008. It was replaced in XM's lineup by BBC Radio 1, a similarly-formatted Europop channel on Sirius channel 11. U-Pop continued on XM Radio Online channel 31 and DirecTV until Sirius XM Radio ended its contract with 1worldspace in February 2009. U-Pop was also the last XM Satellite Radio channel to be carried on satellites before the channel merger. Former featured shows These shows aired on U-Pop before 1worldspace filed for bankruptcy. Ted Kelly's World Party New Music Friday The Daley Planet with Mark Daley The IT List The UPOP Chart Countdown Upick The UPOP hit40uk Aural Fixation w/ Pogo Basement Bhangra Buzzine Casbah After Dark with Mike Copeland Gravity with Zach Overking Shibuya Airwaves References See also XM Satellite Radio channel history Defunct radio stations in the United States

17328482

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%27s%20House%20%28Naval%20War%20College%29

President's House (Naval War College)

The President's House (also known as Quarters AA) is the home of the President of the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. The house is a wooden, three-story building in Colonial Revival style located on a hill on Coaster's Harbor Island, overlooking Coaster's Harbor, Dewey Field, and Narragansett Bay. The house was built in 1896 by local Newport, Rhode Island, architect and builder Creighton Withers at the cost of $16,226. Built originally as "Quarters B" for the commandant of the Naval Training Station, Newport, the first president of the Naval War College to occupy it was Rear Admiral French Ensor Chadwick, in June 1903. Every Naval War College president except for Charles Stillman Sperry (1903–1906) and William Ledyard Rodgers (1911–1913) has lived in the house since that time. Among the most famous residents of the house have been Admirals William Sims, Raymond A. Spruance, Stansfield Turner, and James Stockdale. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. List of occupants Rear Adm. French Ensor Chadwick June 1903 - Nov 16, 1903 Rear Adm. John Porter Merrell May 24, 1906 - Oct 06, 1909 Rear Adm. Raymond Perry Rodgers Oct 6, 1909 - Nov 20, 1911 Rear Adm. Austin Melvin Knight Dec 15, 1913 - Feb 16, 1917 Captain William S. Sims Feb 16, 1917 - Apr 28, 1917 From April 28, 1917, to April 11, 1919, the academic activities of the Naval War College were discontinued due to United States participation in World War I. During this period, the reserve force of the Second Naval District used the college buildings and a series of three acting presidents maintained the administrative side of the college. Rear Adm. William S. Sims Apr 11, 1919 - Oct 14, 1922 Rear Adm. Clarence Stewart Williams Nov 3, 1922 - Sept 5, 1925 Rear Adm. William Veazie Pratt Sept 5, 1925 - Sept 17, 1927 Rear Adm. Joel Roberts Poinsett Pringle Sept 19. 1927 - May 30, 1930 Rear Adm. Harris Laning June 16, 1930 - May 13, 1933 Rear Adm. Luke McNamee Jun 3, 1933 - May 29, 1934 Rear Adm. Edward Clifford Kalbfus June 18, 1934 - Dec 15, 1936 Rear Adm. Charles Philip Snyder Jan 2, 1937 - May 27, 1939 Rear Adm. Edward Clifford Kalbfus June 30, 1939 - June 16, 1942 Admiral Edward Clifford Kalbfus (Ret.) June 16, 1942 - November 2, 1942 Rear Adm. William Satterlee Pye Nov 2, 1942 - July 1, 1944 Vice Adm. William Satterlee Pye (Ret.) July 1, 1944 - Mar 1, 1946 Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance Mar 1, 1946 - July 1, 1948 Vice Adm. Donald Bradford Beary Nov 1, 1948 - May 28, 1950 Vice Adm. Richard L. Conolly Dec 1, 1950 - Nov 2, 1953 Vice Adm. Lynde D. McCormick May 3, 1954 - Aug 16, 1956 Rear Adm. Thomas H. Robbins, Jr. Sept 5, 1956 - Aug 1, 1957 Vice Adm. Stuart H. Ingersoll Aug 13, 1957 - June 30, 1960 Vice Adm. Bernard L. Austin June 30, 1960 - July 31, 1964 Vice Adm. Charles L. Melson July 31, 1964 - Jan 25, 1966 Vice Adm. John T. Hayward Feb 15, 1966 - Aug 30, 1968 Vice Adm. Richard G. Colbert Aug 30, 1968 - Aug 17, 1971 Vice Adm. Benedict J. Semmes, Jr. Aug 17, 1971 - Jun 30, 1972 Vice Adm. Stansfield Turner June 30, 1972 - August 9, 1974 Vice Adm. Julien J. LeBourgeois Aug 9, 1974 - April 1, 1977 Rear Adm. Huntington Hardesty April 1, 1977 - Oct 13, 1977 Vice Adm. James B. Stockdale Oct 13, 1977 - Aug 22, 1979 Rear Adm. Edward F. Welch, Jr. Aug 22, 1979 - Aug 17, 1982 Rear Adm. James E. Service Oct 14, 1982 - Jul 12, 1985 Rear Adm. Ronald F. Marryott August 8, 1985 - Aug 12, 1986 Rear Adm. John A. Baldwin Sept 2, 1986 - Aug 11, 1987 Rear Adm. Ronald J. Kurth August 11, 1987 - July 17, 1990 Rear Adm. Joseph C. Strasser July 17, 1990 - June 29, 1995 Rear Adm. James R. Stark June 29, 1995 - July 24, 1998 Vice Adm. Arthur K. Cebrowski July 24, 1998 - Aug 22, 2001 Rear Adm. Rodney P. Rempt Aug 22, 2001 - July 9, 2003 Rear Adm. Ronald A. Route July 9, 2003 - August 12, 2004 Rear Adm. Jacob Shuford October 2004 - Nov 6, 2008 Rear Adm. James P. Wisecup July 6, 2010 - March 30, 2011 Rear Adm. John N. Christenson March 30, 2011 - July 14, 2013 Rear Adm. Walter E. Carter Jr. July 15, 2013 - ca. July 2014 Rear Adm. P. Gardner Howe, III ca. July 2014 - ca. July 2016 Rear Adm. Jeffrey A. Harley ca. July 2016 - ca. June 2019 Rear Adm. Shoshana S. Chatfield ca. August 2019 - See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References John B. Hattendorf, et al., Sailors and Scholars: The Centennial History of the U.S. Naval War College. Newport: Naval War College Press, 1984 Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Houses in Newport, Rhode Island Naval War College National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island

6899460

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-nosed%20mouse

Red-nosed mouse

The red-nosed mouse (Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos) is an arboreal rodent species endemic to Brazil. It is found in caatinga and cerrado habitat in southeast Brazil. References Wiedomys Mammals of Brazil Endemic fauna of Brazil Taxa named by Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied Mammals described in 1821

23571659

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian%20Americans

Appalachian Americans

Appalachian Americans or simply Appalachians describes Americans living in the geocultural area of Appalachia in the eastern United States, or their descendants While not an official demographic used or recognized by the United States Census Bureau, Appalachian Americans, due to various factors, have developed their own distinct culture within larger social groupings. Included are their own dialect, music, folklore, and even sports teams as in the case of the Appalachian League. Furthermore, many colleges and universities now grant degrees in Appalachian studies. The term has seen growing usage in recent years, possibly in opposition to the use of hillbilly, which is still often used to describe people of the region. Notable people Arts and Entertainment Ernest “Tennessee Ernie” Ford (1919–1991), country, pop, and gospel singer and television host Emma Bell Miles (1879-1919), writer, poet, artist Effie Waller Smith (1879-1960), Poet Doc Watson (1923-2012), guitarist, songwriter, and singer Dolly Parton (1946-), singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, actress, author, businesswoman and humanitarian Eric Church (1977-), singer-songwriter Earl Scruggs (1924 – 2012), bluegrass musician and banjo player noted for popularizing a three-finger picking style, now called "Scruggs style” Loretta Lynn (1932-), country music singer-songwriter Politicians Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), 16th President of the United States, serving during the American Civil War Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924), 28th president of the United States, serving during World War I Charles Gates Dawes (1865–1951), banker, general, diplomat, composer, and 30th vice president of the United States under Calvin Coolidge Jim Broyhill (1927-), businessman, United States Representative, United States Senator Joe Manchin (1947-), United States Senator, politician, businessman Military Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (1824-1863), United States military leader serving in the Mexican-American War, and later a prominent Confederate military leader during the American Civil War Alvin York (1887-1964), highly-decorated United States soldier serving in World War I, receiving the Medal of Honor as well as numerous other awards from France, Italy, and Montenegro Folk Heroes & Historical Figures Daniel Boone (1734–1820), pioneer, explorer Davy Crockett (1786–1836), frontiersman, soldier, politician John Gordon (1759–1819), pioneer, trader, planter, militia captain Devil Anse Hatfield (1839–1921), patriarch of the Hatfield family of the Hatfield–McCoy feud Belle Starr (1848–1889), notorious outlaw convicted of horse theft Sports Jerry West (1938-), professional basketball player, NBA Champion, Medal of Freedom Recipient Katie Smith (1974-), retired professional women's basketball player, 3 time Gold Medalist, Women's Basketball Hall of Fame Madison Bumgarner (1989-), professional baseball player Miscellaneous Francis Asbury (1745–1816), Methodist Episcopal bishop See also Appalachian stereotypes Appalachian Studies Association Appalachian Trail Bluegrass music Hillbilly Hillbilly Highway History of the Appalachian people in Baltimore Melungeons Mountain white Social and economic stratification in Appalachia Urban Appalachians References Society of Appalachia

6899465

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mystery%20of%20the%20Brass%20Bound%20Trunk

The Mystery of the Brass Bound Trunk

The Mystery of the Brass Bound Trunk is the seventeenth volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series, published under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. It was first published in 1940 by Grosset & Dunlap and was extensively revised for publication in 1976. 1940 version Nancy plans a trip to South America by boat, along with chums George and Bess. They have joined a tour being conducted by an exclusive girls school. To Nancy's amazement, the mother of one of the students (Mrs. Joslin) protests Nancy's presence on the tour. Prior to departure, Nancy learns there are issues involving the Trenton trunk company, mostly concerning the quality of merchandise; the owner of the company, who is a friend of Carson Drew, asks Nancy to interfere in daughter Doris' life and relationships so she will marry the son of a former business partner. Nancy must solve several mysteries: who the mysterious red-haired young man could be; why Doris is so withdrawn; what is going on with the trunk company; why did Mrs. Joslin so vehemently protest Nancy's presence, as well as aiding her daughter Nestrelda; and solve the mix-up with Nestrelda's and Nancy's identical (or are they?) monogrammed Trenton trunks. 1976 revision On a trip to New York City from the Netherlands, Nancy, Bess, and George, along with new friend Nelda, must discover why someone is threatening both Nancy and Nelda, who share the same initials, and also discover the origin of a mysterious trunk bearing the initials N.D. Nancy must also unravel the mysteries of smuggled jewelry, and purloined documents from an African government. Artwork The 1940 cover art depicts Nancy and George attempting to stop Nancy's trunk from being removed from the ship. The 1962 art was updated by Rudy Nappi, and depicts Nancy, Bess and George in the same scene, wearing Kennedy suits. For the revised story in 1976, Nappi presents Nancy against a background of brown, with a montage of images, including a jewel cache . References External links Nancy Drew books 1940 American novels 1940 children's books 1972 American novels 1972 children's books Children's mystery novels Grosset & Dunlap books

23571663

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise%20Hotel%20%28disambiguation%29

Paradise Hotel (disambiguation)

Paradise Hotel is a reality television series. Paradise Hotel may also refer to: Paradise Hotel (Hyderabad), India Paradise Hotel, the site of the 2002 Mombasa attacks in Nairobi, Kenya Paradise Hotel (film), a 2010 documentary film L'Hôtel du libre échange, an 1894 French comedy by playwright Georges Feydeau, sometimes translated as Paradise Hotel See also Hotel Paradise (disambiguation)

23571671

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traherne

Traherne

Traherne, Trahern, or Treherne is a Welsh surname, and may refer to: Cennydd Traherne (1910–1995), Welsh landowner John Treherne (1929–1989), English entomologist John Montgomery Traherne (1788–1860), Welsh Anglican priest and antiquarian Llewelyn Traherne (1766–1842), Welsh magistrate, High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1801 Margaret Traherne (1919–2006), British artist Philip Traherne (1635–1686), English diplomat and author Thomas Traherne (c. 1636 – 1674), English poet and religious writer Thomas Trahern (officer of arms) (died 1542), English officer-of-arms, Somerset Herald See also Traherne Island, one of two islands contained within the Motu Manawa (Pollen Island) Marine Reserve Treherne (disambiguation) Anglicised Welsh-language surnames

17328491

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roneat%20dek

Roneat dek

The Roneat Dek () is a Cambodian metallophone, comparable to the Roneat ek. It is an ancient instrument made of 21 blackened-iron bars. It may be used in the Pinpeat ensemble and Mahaori orchestra. It is believed to have originated from the Royal Courts before the Angkor period. This instrument is rarely covered with ornamentation on either the bars or the sound box. The roneat dek is analogous to the ranat ek lek of Thailand. Etymology In the Khmer language, Roneat means xylophone where "dek" or correctly written and pronounced as "daek" mean metal or iron. So Roneat dek literally means metal xylophone. This name is probably derived from the fact that the Roneat Daek's note bars are made of iron or other metals. History The origin of Roneat Dek is similar to other Khmer Roneat genres and thought to predate the Angkorian period or in the earlier Angkorian period. According to Ouknha Moha Thipadei Meas Ni, the chief of Cambodian Royal Orchestra, this type of Roneat was modeled from Javanese gamelan musical instrument called Gendér since the reign of Khmer king Jayavarman II. At the end of 9th century he was in exile in Java. He then returned to Cambodia and became the first king of the Khmer Empire, bringing with him some Javanese influence. This type of Roneat genre is thought to have originated after this historical event; however, this Roneat genre had been modified distinctively from its original gendér form. Structure The Roneat Dek or Roneat Thong has 21 iron or bronze bars. Because of their weight, the bars cannot be suspended on cords but are laid in stepwise order on pads over a rectangular trough resonator. In its shape and size, the bars resemble those of Roneat Ek, but they are tuned by scraping or firing away part of metal. The player use a pair of mallets or Roneat sticks similar to those of other Roneats but made of hard material such as hide of a buffalo or elephant. Variation Roneat Thong A variation on the instrument was the roneat thong () which was made of a reddish-brown brass or bronze, similar to gold. The Roneat dek and roneat thong may have been equivalent, with the gold-barred version played "in the Royal Palace," while the iron-barred version was used in the "Orchestra, picnic outside the palace, or in pagodas." However, equivalent Thai metallaphone instruments can help illustrate possibilities; the Ranat ek lek had a golden and a blackened iron version. That version was also historically called "ranad thawng." Thai music also has a lower pitched instrument, the Ranat thum lek. If these instruments follow the pattern of the Thai instruments, then the roneat thung may be like the ranat ek lek with brass and blackened-iron versions, or it may be the Cambodian equivalent of the lower pitched ranat thum lek. Pictures with these instrument names (and with equivalent numbers of tone bars) similar to the higher and lower pitched Thai instruments were illustrated in the Cambodian book "Cambodian National Music." However, these Thai musical instruments originated more recently, in the reign of King Rama IV (1854-1868) in the 19th century. The similarity in their name may attributed to the Thai annexation of Northwestern Cambodia from late 18th century and ended in 1907 as the age of this Khmer musical instrument was thought to be much older than this. Significance Normally, Roneat Thong is used in Khmer royal orchestra whereas Roneat Dek is usually used in the Pinpeat orchestra outside the Royal Palace or in pagodas. External links UNESCO document, Traditional Musical Instruments of Cambodia. PDF. See also Roneat ek Roneat thung Traditional Cambodian musical instruments Music of Cambodia Cambodian musical instruments Keyboard percussion instruments

17328514

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyptotrox%20foveicollis

Glyptotrox foveicollis

Glyptotrox foveicollis is a species of hide beetle in the subfamily Troginae. References Glyptotrox Beetles described in 1857

23571677

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AEr%C3%AEta

Pîrîta

Pîrîta is a village in Dubăsari District, Moldova. Notable people Vadim Pisari References Villages of Dubăsari District Populated places on the Dniester

23571687

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C20H29N3O2

C20H29N3O2

{{DISPLAYTITLE:C20H29N3O2}} The molecular formula C20H29N3O2 (molar mass: 343.46 g/mol, exact mass: 343.2260 u) may refer to: ADBICA (ADB-PICA) Cinchocaine Molecular formulas

17328518

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20Watch

Critical Watch

Achilles Guard, Inc., commonly known as Critical Watch, is a security, risk and compliance company based in Dallas, Texas. The company primarily manufactures computer vulnerability assessment software and Payment Card Industry (PCI) compliance software. The company is CVE-compatible and was co-founded in 2000 by Eva Bunker and Nelson Bunker. On January 6, 2015, Alert Logic announced that it had acquired Critical Watch for its scanning and analysis capabilities References External links CriticalWatch official website Critical Watch Blog Companies based in Dallas Software companies based in Texas Software companies of the United States

17328549

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyptotrox%20frontera

Glyptotrox frontera

Glyptotrox frontera is a beetle in the family Trogidae. References Glyptotrox Beetles described in 1955

23571688

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia%20I%2C%20Abbess%20of%20Gandersheim

Sophia I, Abbess of Gandersheim

Sophia I (September 975 – 30 January 1039), a member of the royal Ottonian dynasty, was Abbess of Gandersheim from 1002, and from 1011 also Abbess of Essen. The daughter of Emperor Otto II and his consort Theophanu, she was an important kingmaker in medieval Germany. Early life According to the chronicles by Thietmar of Merseburg, Sophia was born to Emperor Otto II and Theophanu. She may have been the first surviving daughter, born in 975, though other sources indicate that her sister Adelaide, born 977, was in fact the eldest. Sophia is first documented in a 979 deed of donation, when her father entrusted her education to his first cousin, Abbess Gerberga II of Gandersheim. Sophia was raised and educated in Gandersheim Abbey to become abbess from childhood. Abbess Gerberga taught her convent discipline and common law, both of which she mastered. Sophia received many grants of rights and property from her father as well as from her brother, Otto III, who succeeded as King of the Romans in 983. Sophia took the vows to become a canoness in 989. As an emperor's daughter, she insisted on receiving the veil from the hands of Archbishop Willigis of Mainz, the archchancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, affronting the local Bishop Osdag of Hildesheim. The contemporary chronicler Thangmar, in his Vita Bernwardi (Life of Saint Bernward), reveals a fierce row between the church leaders in front of King Otto III, his mother Theophanu and the royal court. She was finally consecrated by both. In Hildesheim sources, Sophia is portrayed as a haughty and imperious woman, though these depictions may be biased. Sophia and her brother seemed to be on good terms with each other; she received several gifts and attended the 994 Imperial Diet, where Otto was declared to have reached majority. He vested his sister with the estates of Eschwege Abbey, at the explicit wish of their late mother Theophanu who had died in 991. From 995 until 997, Sophia was absent from the convent, accompanying her brother on his first Italian campaign and acting as his consort. She acted as abbess of Eschwege from 997. Thereafter, however, she no longer appeared at Otto's court. Princess-abbess In 1001, her tutor Abbess Gerberga II of Gandersheim died. However, due to her brother's death, Sophia was not to be elected her successor until 1002, with the approval of the new king Henry II. Sophia would later fight her ecclesiastical superiors who, with approval of Emperor Henry II, endangered Gandersheim's privileges and her own status. Together with her sister Adelaide of Quedlinburg, Sophia significantly influenced the election of Henry II as King of the Romans and legitimized him in 1024, when he visited Vreden and Quedlinburg. Sophia and her sister later played the same role in the election of Conrad II as first Holy Roman Emperor of the Salian dynasty. In 1011, Sophia was also granted Essen Abbey on the death of her cousin Mathilde. The succession had initially been reserved for her younger sister Matilda, who nevertheless had married Count Palatine Ezzo of Lotharingia instead. According to the local historian Georg Humann (1847–1932), Essen was always secondary for Sophia, and the importance of the abbey declined somewhat under her rule. The rebuilding of Essen Minster was delayed, though recent research suggests that it was Sophia who initiated the remodelling of the Enamel Cross. Death She ruled her abbeys successfully until her death in 1039. Despite the help he had received from the sisters, Conrad II denied Adelheid's request to succeed Sophia as Abbess of Gandersheim. Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, eventually granted her the right to rule Gandersheim too. Ancestry References |- 970s births 1039 deaths Ottonian dynasty 11th-century Saxon people 10th-century German women 11th-century German abbesses People of Byzantine descent Abbesses of Gandersheim Daughters of emperors

17328563

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulating%20retro-reflector

Modulating retro-reflector

A modulating retro-reflector (MRR) system combines an optical retro-reflector and an optical modulator to allow optical communications and sometimes other functions such as programmable signage. Free space optical communication technology has emerged in recent years as an attractive alternative to the conventional radio frequency (RF) systems. This emergence is due in large part to the increasing maturity of lasers and compact optical systems that enable exploitation of the inherent advantages (over RF) of the much shorter wavelengths characteristic of optical and near-infrared carriers: Larger bandwidth Low probability of intercept Immunity from interference or jamming Frequency spectrum allocation issue relief Smaller, lighter, lower power Technology An MRR couples or combines an optical retroreflector with a modulator to reflect modulated optical signals directly back to an optical receiver or transceiver, allowing the MRR to function as an optical communications device without emitting its own optical power. This can allow the MRR to communicate optically over long distances without needing substantial on-board power supplies. The function of the retroreflection component is to direct the reflection back to or near to the source of the light. The modulation component changes the intensity of the reflection. The idea applies to optical communication in a broad sense including not only laser-based data communications but also human observers and road signs. A number of technologies have been proposed, investigated, and developed for the modulation component, including actuated micromirrors, frustrated total internal reflection, electro-optic modulators (EOMs), piezo-actuated deflectors, multiple quantum well (MQW) devices, and liquid crystal modulators, though any one of numerous known optical modulation technologies could be used in theory. These approaches have many advantages and disadvantages relative to one another with respect to such features as power use, speed, modulation range, compactness, retroreflection divergence, cost, and many others. In a typical optical communications arrangement, the MRR with its related electronics is mounted on a convenient platform and connected to a host computer which has the data that are to be transferred. A remotely located optical transmitter/receiver system usually consisting of a laser, telescope, and detector provides an optical signal to the modulating retro-reflector. The incident light from the transmitter system is both modulated by the MRR and reflected directly back toward the transmitter (via the retroreflection property). Figure 1 illustrates the concept. One modulating retro-reflector at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in the United States uses a semiconductor based MQW shutter capable of modulation rates up to 10 Mbit/s, depending on link characteristics. (See "Modulating Retro-reflector Using Multiple Quantum Well Technology", U.S. Patent No. 6,154,299, awarded November, 2000.) The optical nature of the technology provides communications that are not susceptible to issues related to electromagnetic frequency allocation. The multiple quantum well modulating retro-reflector has the added advantages of being compact, lightweight, and requires very little power. The small-array MRR provides up to an order of magnitude in consumed power savings over an equivalent RF system. However, MQW modulators also have relatively small modulation ranges compared to other technologies. The concept of a modulating retro-reflector is not new, dating back to the 1940s. Various demonstrations of such devices have been built over the years, though the demonstration of the first MQW MRR in 1993 was notable in achieving significant data rates. However, MRRs are still not widely used, and most research and development in that area is confined to rather exploratory military applications, as free-space optical communications in general tends to be a rather specialized niche technology. Qualities often considered desirable in MRRs (obviously depending on the application) include a high switching speed, low power consumption, large area, wide field-of-view, and high optical quality. It should also function at certain wavelengths where appropriate laser sources are available, be radiation-tolerant (for non-terrestrial applications), and be rugged. Mechanical shutters and ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) devices, for example, are too slow, heavy, or are not robust enough for many applications. Some modulating retro-reflector systems are desired to operate at data rates of megabits per second (Mbit/s) and higher and over large temperature ranges characteristic of installation out-of-doors and in space. Multiple Quantum Well Modulators Semiconductor MQW modulators are one of the few technologies that meet all the requirements need for United States Navy applications, and consequently the Naval Research Laboratory is particularly active in developing and promoting that approach. When used as a shutter, MQW technology offers many advantages: it is robust solid state, operates at low voltages (less than 20 mV) and low power (tens of milliWatts), and is capable of very high switching speeds. MQW modulators have been run at Gbit/s data rates in fiber optic applications. When a moderate (~15V) voltage is placed across the shutter in reverse bias, the absorption feature changes, shifting to longer wavelengths and dropping in magnitude. Thus, the transmission of the device near this absorption feature changes dramatically, allowing a signal can be encoded in an on-off-keying format onto the carrier interrogation beam. This modulator consists of 75 periods of InGaAs wells surrounded by AlGaAs barriers. The device is grown on an n-type GaAs wafer and is capped by a p-type contact layer, thus forming a PIN diode. This device is a transmissive modulator designed to work at a wavelength of 980 nm, compatible with many good laser diode sources. These materials have very good performance operating in reflection architectures. Choice of modulator type and configuration architecture is application-dependent. Once grown, the wafer is fabricated into discrete devices using a multi-step photolithography process consisting of etching and metallization steps. The NRL experimental devices have a 5 mm aperture, though larger devices are possible and are being designed and developed. It is important to point out that while MQW modulators have been used in many applications to date, modulators of such a large size are uncommon and require special fabrication techniques. MQW modulators are inherently quiet devices, accurately reproducing the applied voltage as a modulated waveform. An important parameter is contrast ratio, defined as Imax/Imin. This parameter affects the overall signal-to-noise ratio. Its magnitude depends on the drive voltage applied to the device and the wavelength of the interrogating laser relative to the exciton peak. The contrast ratio increases as the voltage goes up until a saturation value is reached. Typically, the modulators fabricated at NRL have had contrast ratios between 1.75:1 to 4:1 for applied voltages between 10 V and 25 V, depending on the structure. There are three important considerations in the manufacture and fabrication of a given device: inherent maximum modulation rate vs. aperture size; electrical power consumption vs. aperture size; and yield. Inherent Maximum Modulation Rate vs. Aperture Size The fundamental limit in the switching speed of the modulator is the resistance-capacitance limit. A key tradeoff is area of the modulator vs. area of the clear aperture. If the modulator area is small, the capacitance is small, hence the modulation rate can be faster. However, for longer application ranges on the order of several hundred meters, larger apertures are needed to close the link. For a given modulator, the speed of the shutter scales inversely as the square of the modulator diameter. Electrical Power Consumption vs. Aperture Size When the drive voltage waveform is optimized, the electrical power consumption of a MQW modulating retro-reflector varies as: Dmod4 * V2 B2 Rs Where Dmod is the diameter of the modulator, V is the voltage applied to the modulator (fixed by the required optical contrast ratio), B is the maximum data rate of the device, and RS is the sheet resistance of the device. Thus a large power penalty may be paid for increasing the diameter of the MQW shutter. Yield MQW devices must be operated at high reverse bias fields to achieve good contrast ratios. In perfect quantum well material this is not a problem, but the presence of a defect in the semiconductor crystal can cause the device to break down at voltages below those necessary for operation. Specifically, a defect will cause an electrical short that prevents development of the necessary electrical field across the intrinsic region of the PIN diode. The larger the device the higher the probability of such a defect. Thus, If a defect occurs in the manufacture of a large monolithic device, the whole shutter is lost. To address these issues, NRL has designed and fabricated segmented devices as well as monolithic modulators. That is, a given modulator might be "pixellated" into several segments, each driven with the same signal. This technique means that speed can be achieved as well as larger apertures. The "pixellization" inherently reduces the sheet resistance of the device, decreasing the resistance-capacitance time and reducing electrical power consumption. For example, a one centimeter monolithic device might require 400 mW to support a one Mbit/s link. A similar nine segmented device would require 45 mW to support the same link with the same overall effective aperture. A transmissive device with nine "pixels" with an overall diameter of 0.5 cm was shown to support over 10 Mbit/s. This fabrication technique allows for higher speeds, larger apertures, and increased yield. If a single "pixel" is lost due to defects but is one of nine or sixteen, the contrast ratio necessary to provide the requisite signal-to-noise to close a link is still high. There are considerations that make fabrication of a segmented device more complicated, including bond wire management on the device, driving multiple segments, and temperature stabilization. An additional important characteristic of the modulator is its optical wavefront quality. If the modulator causes aberrations in the beam, the returned optical signal will be attenuated and insufficient light may be present to close the link. Applications Ground-to-Air Communications Ground-to-Satellite Communications Internal Electronics Bus Interaction/Communication Inter, Intra-Office Communications Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications Industrial Manufacturing See also Free space optical communications Optical Communications Retro-reflector References Optical communications Optical devices

6899470

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldog%2C%20Slovakia

Boldog, Slovakia

Boldog or Pozsonyboldogfa (in , in ) is a village and municipality in western Slovakia in Senec District in the Bratislava Region. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of 124 metres and covers an area of 4.496 km2. It has a population of about 433. History In the 9th century, the territory of Boldog was part of possibly of Greater Moravia and from 1000 part of the Kingdom of Hungary. In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1245. After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area and by the Treaty of Trianon, the village became part of Czechoslovakia. Between 1938 and 1945 Boldog became part Hungary again through the First Vienna Award. From 1945 until the Velvet Divorce, it was part of Czechoslovakia. Since then it has been part of Slovakia. Roman Inscription In 1978, during restoration work in the church, a remarkable gravestone for a Roman Centurion of Legio XV Apollinaris, who is also described as a 'Negotiator' or trader, was found in the wall of the sacristy. The inscription is as follows: Q ATILIVS SP.F.VOT.PRI MVS.INTER R EX LEG XV.IDEM. NEGOTIATOR.AN LXXX. HSE Q.ATILIVS COCI TUS.ATILIA QL EAV STA.PRIVATUS.ET MARTIALIS.HERED P L According to Dr. Titus Kolník inscription translates as: Quintus Atilius Primus, son of Spurio Tribune Votbrimus (or of the tribe Voturina. Interpreter XV. Legion centurion and businessman. He lived 80 years, is buried here. Quintus Atilius Cogitatus, Atilia, Quint L EAV Privatus and Martialis heirs. P had erected. The XV legion was stationed at Carnuntum, a Roman Limes, or frontier fort on the Danube and the gravestone is likely to date from between 90-138AD. As Boldog lies between Bratislava and Trnava, to the east of the Danube, Quintus Atilius Primus must have died outside the area of the Roman Empire. This might indicate that there was a trading post in the vicinity, to which he moved after his career in the Roman Army. The Parish Church The Church, dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary is one of a group of Romanesque churches in Western Slovakia. The first phase dates from first half of the 12th century, or even the 11th century AD. Around 1220 the church was extended to the west, and a tower built with a triple tiered arrangement of Romanesque window openings. Brick was used for this extension, as was the case at Dražovce church near Nitra. Other Romanesque features include a finely carved baptismal font, a decorative Tympanum over the west door and grotesque animal head brackets below the eaves of the roof. In 1280 the Church and the village came into the ownership of the Poor Clares and between 1364 and 1370 they made modifications to the church in the Gothic style. Demography Population by nationality: References External links/Sources Details of the discovery of the Roman Gravestone https://web.archive.org/web/20071116010355/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Villages and municipalities in Senec District

23571689

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxentea

Oxentea

Oxentea is a village in Dubăsari District, Moldova. References Villages of Dubăsari District Populated places on the Dniester

17328574

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadath%20El%20Jebbeh

Hadath El Jebbeh

Hadath el Jebbeh (, also known as Hadad, and known locally as Hadid (حَدِد)), is a town located in Bsharri District in the North Governorate of Lebanon. It was originally settled in 400 A.D., and is situated on a hill at an altitude of 1500 meters, overlooking the Kadisha valley. Hadath el Jebbeh is a summer resort and touristic place, benefiting from its welcoming and friendly local families. The inhabitants of the village are mostly Maronites, with the presence of two churches in town, the historical St. Daniel church which was built around 1110 CE, and Notre-Dame church built in 1956. At the end of summer, Hadath el Jebbeh celebrates St. Daniel Festival, which takes place every second Sunday of September of each year. Location, climate and nature Hadath el Jebbeh is located in Bsharri District, overlooking Qannoubine Valley. The village is 94 km away from Lebanese Capital, Beirut, and 36 km away from Tripoli, the largest city in North Lebanon. Hadath el Jebbeh is well known by its cold (sometimes freezing) snowy weather during winter, and its cool weather during summer, which makes it lovely to visit anytime throughout the year, especially in the summer season, where numerous Lebanese consider it one of the best summer residences in Lebanon. Etymology Hadath is the name of three localities in Lebanon. To differentiate between the localities, the name of the region is added, Hadath Beirut, Hadath Baalbeck and finally Hadath el Joubbeh. Other localities by this name exist in the Middle East. The Semitic root of Hadath means "the new", hence the name could mean "the new town". The common pronunciation of the name is Hadad or Hadid. It gives an indication to a probable different meaning. Hadad was the northwest Semitic storm and rain god and the town could have had a temple dedicated to this god. And the popular tradition claims that the church dedicated to the saint patron of Hadath, Saint Daniel, was built on the remnants of a pagan temple. Jebbeh is the traditional name of the Kadisha region, called also Jebbet Bsharri in reference to Bsharri the largest town of this region. The Semitic root Gb means "well", "deep" and could be a reference to the deep gorges of the Kadisha. In Lebanon, other Jebbeh exist like Jebbet Mnaytra and Jebbet Yanuh. See also Maronite mummies References External links Hadath Ej Joubbeh, Localiban www.hadatheljebbeh.com www.hadath.com Last retrieved on May 8, 2008. Populated places in the North Governorate Bsharri District Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon

6899471

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater%20Wilfred%27s%20mouse

Greater Wilfred's mouse

The greater Wilfred's mouse, Wilfredomys oenax, is a rodent species from South America. It is found in southern Brazil and Uruguay in subtropical lowland forest. It is arboreal to some degree. It is the only species in the genus Wilfredomys. Distribution and Habitat The species is found in subtropical lowland woodland with dense vegetation. It is also spotted in trees, suggesting that it might be arboreal. Threats The Greater Wilfred's Mouse faces threats of habitat loss from farming, wood and pulp plantations, and cattle ranching, along with logging and wood harvesting. These actions are causing widespread ecological stress and habitat degradation along the species' range. The species has an extremely fragmented population. References Thomasomyini Mammals described in 1928 Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas

17328580

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trox%20gemmulatus

Trox gemmulatus

Trox gemmulatus is a beetle of the family Trogidae. References gemmulatus Beetles described in 1874 Taxa named by George Henry Horn

17328594

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido%20Vincenzi

Guido Vincenzi

Guido Vincenzi (; 14 July 1932 – 14 August 1997) was an Italian footballer and manager, who played as a defender. Playing career Vincenzi began his career with Reggiana in 1950. Just after reaching twenty-one years of age he left the club, which was in Serie C at the time, and made his way to Inter, who had just been crowned the Italian champions in 1953. At Inter he quickly became a starter, and in three months, he made his Serie A debut. After just 13 games with the club, he earned his first cap for the national team in a 4–1 friendly win against France in 1954, putting on an impeccable performance in his 'Azzurri' debut in Paris. His other outings with the national team were less fortunate however. His second game was a loss to Switzerland at the 1950 World Cup (of the 17 players that saw action he was the youngest) and his third cap was a loss in Belfast preventing qualification for the 1958 World Cup in Sweden. After having won a Serie A championship with Inter, he moved to Sampdoria in 1958, obtaining 297 appearances in 11 seasons, and becoming the fifth leading player for the 'blucerchiati' in this category, behind only Roberto Mancini, Pietro Vierchowod, Moreno Mannini, and Gaudenzio Bernasconi. Coaching career After his playing career, Vincenzi tried coaching Sampdoria in the 1973–74 season, finishing 13th in the league and successfully remaining in Serie A. Death Vincenzi died of a rare form of muscular dystrophy in 1997. References La Gazzetta dello Sport 1932 births 1997 deaths Italian footballers Association football midfielders A.C. Reggiana 1919 players U.C. Sampdoria players Inter Milan players Serie A players Serie B players Italy international footballers 1954 FIFA World Cup players Italian football managers U.C. Sampdoria managers Genoa C.F.C. managers Association football defenders People from Quistello Deaths from muscular dystrophy Sportspeople from the Province of Mantua Footballers from Lombardy

6899480

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Mahamariamman%20Temple%2C%20Kuala%20Lumpur

Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur

The Sri Mahamariamman Temple (Tamil: ஸ்ரீ மகாமாரியம்மன் திருக்கோவில்,கோலாலம்பூர்) is the oldest Hindu temple in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Founded in 1873, it is situated at the edge of Chinatown in Jalan Bandar (formerly High Street). In 1968, a new structure was built, featuring the ornate 'Raja Gopuram' tower in the style of South Indian temples. From its inception, the temple provided an important place of worship for early Indian immigrants and is now an important cultural and national heritage. History The Sri Mahamariamman Temple was founded by K. Thamboosamy Pillai in 1873 and was initially used as a private shrine by the Pillai family. The family threw the temple doors open to the public in the late 1920s and eventually handed the management of the temple over to a board of trustees. This is the oldest functioning Hindu temple in Malaysia. It is also reputed to be the richest in the country. The temple was originally sited somewhere near the Kuala Lumpur railway station. It shifted to its present location along Jalan Tun H.S. Lee (next to KL's Chinatown) in 1885. The initial attap structure was demolished in 1887 and a brick building was erected in its place. That structure was demolished to make way for the current temple building which were completed in 1968. The impressive gateway to the temple, known as the gopuram, was completed in 1972. The new temple was consecrated in 1973. Architecture Gopuram Built in the South Indian style, the temple's most outstanding feature is the impressive 5-tiered gopuram (tower). It is the tallest structure in the temple. The dramatic 22.9 m (75 ft) high pyramid-shaped gate tower is decorated with depictions of Hindu gods sculpted by artisans from southern India. The chief sculptor was the late S. T. Muniappa from Tamil Nadu and is credited for creating the 228 idols on the gopuram. Main Prayer Hall This Temple resembles the form of a human body lying on its back with the head positioned towards the west and the feet towards the east. The temple's 5-tiered gopuram corresponds to the feet of the body. It is the threshold between the material and spiritual world. At the rear is the garbagraham or sanctum sanctorum, which corresponds to the head. It is a freestanding structure with its own roof and walls and has one entrance that faces east. This is the inner sanctum where the chief deity Sri Maha Mariamman is located. The priest stands in front of the garbagraham when performing the puja (prayers). Within the temple is a main prayer hall with richly decorated ceilings. The location of three shrines in the main temple is marked by an ornately embellished onion dome which can be seen from outside. There is also four smaller shrines located peripherally around the main temple building Pillaiyar is in the shrine on the left and Lord Muruga, his brother, is on the right. Pillaiyar is also found at the entrance as he is the remover of obstacles. The eight idols adorning the pillars inside the temple are of ashta Lakshmi. Once every 12 years, in keeping with Hindu tradition, the temple is reconsecrated. Silver Chariot A silver chariot is housed within the premises. This chariot is a prominent feature during the annual Thaipusam festival. It used during this occasion for transporting the statuettes of Lord Muruga and his consorts (Valli and Teivayanni) through the city streets to Batu Caves. It made its debut in 1983 and was built at a cost of RM350,000 using 350 kilograms of silver. The chariot was made in India and shipped here in 12 parts to be assembled. It is 6.5 metres tall and has 240 bells and a pair of horses on it. Before the silver chariot, a wooden one was used which was made 1930 by Indian craftsmen at a cost of RM50,000. Bangunan Mariamman Recently, the Sri Maha Mariamman Temple has, after a 40-year wait, finally got its own building. The RM 13 million six-storey building, behind the temple in Jalan Tun H.S Lee was officially opened by Works Minister and MIC President Datuk Seri S. Samy Vellu. Temple chairman R. Nadarajah said the idea to construct the building was mooted by Datuk Seri S. Samy Vellu 38 years ago when he was a committee member of the temple. Known as Bangunan Mariamman, the building is beside the Klang Bus Station and opposite the Pasar Seni LRT/MRT station. It is connected to the temple and has two floors of basement car parks, three floors for two auditoriums and a hall. The Deity Mariamman is popularly worshipped by overseas Indians, especially Tamils because she is looked upon as their protector during their sojourn to foreign lands. Mariamman is a manifestation of the goddess - Parvati, an incarnation embodying Mother Earth with all her terrifying force. She protects her devotees from unholy or demonic events. Administration The Sri Mahamariamman Temple is managed by the Board of Management of Sri Maha Mariamman Temple Devasthanam, which also manages the Batu Caves Sri Subramaniam Temple and the Kortumalai Pillaiyar Temple. It also performs the role of Hindu Religious Consultant to the Government of Malaysia in determining the Hindu yearly calendar. Festivals The temple is particularly packed on Deepavali with devotees eager to offer their prayers on the holy day. Also on the holy day of Thaipusam, thousands of devotees throng the temple at the wee hours of the morning to start a long procession leading up to Batu Caves as a religious undertaking to Lord Muruga. They carry containers containing milk as offering to Lord Muruga either by hand or in huge decorated carriers on their shoulders called 'kavadi'. See also Sri Mariamman Temple, Singapore References Kuala Lumpur - Sri Mahamariamman Temple Mariamman temples Hindu temples in Malaysia Tamil diaspora in Malaysia Religious buildings and structures in Kuala Lumpur

17328605

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyalintsi

Lyalintsi

Lyalintsi () is a village in Tran Municipality, Pernik Province. It is located in western Bulgaria, 65 km from the capital city of Sofia. The village was first mentioned in 1446 as Lelintsi and in 1455 as Lyalintsi. It is derived from the personal name Lyalya, "aunt", the nickname lyalya or lala, itself from Proto-Slavic *l'al'a, "babbler, fool" or from the personal name Lyala, an affectionate form of Vlado (Vladimir, Vladislav). References Villages in Pernik Province

23571690

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino%20%28film%29

Borsalino (film)

Borsalino is a 1970 French gangster film directed by Jacques Deray and starring Alain Delon, Jean-Paul Belmondo and Catherine Rouvel. It was entered into the 20th Berlin International Film Festival. In 2009, Empire named it No. 19 in a poll of "The 20 Greatest Gangster Movies You've Never Seen… Probably". A sequel, Borsalino & Co., was released in 1974 with Alain Delon in the leading role. The film is based on real-life gangsters Paul Carbone and François Spirito, who collaborated with Nazi Germany during the occupation of France in World War II (though this is not mentioned in the film). Plot In 1930, in Marseille, a gangster named Siffredi is released from prison and searches for his former girlfriend, Lola. He finds her with Capella, another gangster. The two men fight over her but become friendly and form a partnership, fixing horseraces and prizefights. They are contacted by Rinaldi, a lawyer who works for Marello and Poli, the two crime bosses who control all the organized crime in Marseille. Rinaldi suggests that Siffredi and Capella should seize control of Marseille's fish market and take it away from Marello. They succeed but they become too ambitious and try to take control of the meat market which is controlled by Poli. He tries to have Capella and Siffredi killed but they succeed in killing him instead. Rinaldi is killed by another gangster named The Dancer. Capella and Siffredi establish themselves as the new bosses of Marseille's underworld. Capella decides to leave Marseille but is killed by an assassin. Siffredi then decides to leave Marseille himself. Cast Jean-Paul Belmondo – François Capella Alain Delon – Roch Siffredi Arnoldo Foà – Marello Catherine Rouvel – Lola Françoise Christophe – Simone Escarguel Corinne Marchand – Mme Rinaldi Laura Adani – Mme Siffredi, la mère de Roch Nicole Calfan – Ginette Hélène Rémy – Lydia Odette Piquet – La chanteuse Mario David – Mario Lionel Vitrant – Fernand Dennis Berry – Nono Jean Aron – Martial Roger, le compatible André Bollet – Poli Pierre Koulak – Spada Production Development Alain Delon wanted to produce the film because he was looking for a project in which to collaborate with Jean-Paul Belmondo. He found the story of Carbone and Spirito in a crime book he was reading about French gangsters from 1900 to 1970. Originally the film was going to be called Carbone and Spirito, but after there were objections about using the names of real gangsters, the characters were fictionalized and the idea was dropped. Alain Delon said he wanted something like Vera Cruz because the title would not have to be translated all around the world. Eventually, the title was taken from the famous Borsalino company which had been making fedora-style hats since the late 19th century. Its golden age was between the 1920s and 1940s, which is within the film's time frame. As a consequence of the movie, there was revival in the popularity of Borsalino fedora hats. Casting Despite Delon's desire to work with Belmondo, the relationship between the pair broke down after filming was completed. Director Jacques Deray noted that, "All through production Delon was impeccable, never interfered. But when the film was completed "Delon the producer" stepped in and took it over." Delon said while promoting the film in the US: We are still what you in America call pals or buddies. But we are not friends. There is a difference. He was my guest in the film but still he complained. I like him as an actor but as a person, he's a bit different. I think his reaction was a stupid reaction... almost like a female reaction. But I don't want to talk about him anymore. Delon's associate producer, Pierre Caro, said: If you ask me, I think Belmondo was afraid from the first to make a picture with Alain. He demanded the same number of close ups. Alain had to cancel a lot of his best scenes because they made him look better than Belmondo. My own feeling is that they will never work together again. Alain says they will but he lies. Under the terms of their contracts, Belmondo and Delon were required to have the same number of close-ups, which prompted Delon to dye his hair black for his role. Belmondo later sued Delon in court over the manner in which their names were billed in the production. Belmondo was annoyed that the title card "an Alain Delon Production" appeared before his name in the credits. Filming The film was shot on location in and around Marseille, France. Interiors were completed in Paris. The film remains one of the most expensive French films ever made. Finance mostly came from Paramount Pictures. Reception The film was a large success at the French box office, breaking records throughout the country. It had admissions in France of 4,710,381. This made it the fourth most watched film of the year, after The Gendarme Takes Off, Atlantic Wall, and Rider on the Rain. It was followed by The Red Circle, MASH, Once Upon a Time in the West, The Things of Life, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Donkey Skin and The Damned. The film was also very popular elsewhere in Europe, but did not break through in the US the way the filmmakers hoped. While it was released the Markovic Affair was still being heavily publicised, adding to the film's notoriety. Variety said "problem is that pic is more a vehicle for its stars' personalities than a more cogent insight into French pre-war organized gangsters." Time Out remarked it was "fairly basic as a gangster pastiche ...but not unenjoyable thanks to its loudly stressed period detail and Claude Bolling's jolly score for mechanical piano." References External links Borsalino at Le Film Guide Review of film at The New York Times Borsalino at TCMDB 1970 films 1970s buddy comedy films 1970s crime comedy films Films about organized crime in France Films directed by Jacques Deray Films produced by Alain Delon Films set in 1930 Films set in Marseille Films shot in Marseille Films shot in Paris French crime comedy films 1970s French-language films Gangster films Italian buddy comedy films Italian crime comedy films Films with screenplays by Jean-Claude Carrière 1970 comedy films Films scored by Claude Bolling

17328610

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmarnock%20Standard

Kilmarnock Standard

The Kilmarnock Standard is a Scottish weekly newspaper published every Wednesday in the town of Kilmarnock. External links Kilmarnock Standard website Newspapers published in Scotland Newspapers published by Reach plc

17328613

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collingbourne%20railway%20station

Collingbourne railway station

Collingbourne railway station served the village of Collingbourne Ducis in Wiltshire, England. It was on the Midland and South Western Junction Railway (M&SWJR) and opened on 1 May 1882 on the southern section of the Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway (SM&AR) which at that stage terminated at the-then next station to the north, Grafton and Burbage. In 1883, the SM&AR gained running rights over the Great Western Railway branch from Savernake Low Level to Marlborough and through services started between Swindon Town and Andover Junction railway station, and on down the Sprat and Winkle Line to Southampton. The same year, the Swindon and Cheltenham Extension Railway (S&CER) opened north of Swindon as far as Cirencester and in 1884 the SM&AR and the S&CER merged to form the M&SWJR. The line was completed as a through-route from the Midlands to the south coast by the completion of the northern end of the route between Cirencester and Cheltenham in 1891. Collingbourne was sited to the east of the village of Collingbourne Ducis and originally had a passing loop. The track was doubled through Collingbourne early in the 20th century. Collingbourne station had a brick building on the up platform towards Swindon and a shelter on the down platform, which also housed a signalbox. The station master's house was behind the up platform. There was a small goods yard, but goods traffic was not high. In 1932, a halt was opened at Collingbourne Kingston, about 1.5 miles north of Collingbourne station, in an effort by the GWR, which had taken over the M&SWJR on the Grouping in 1923, to generate traffic on a line threatened by increasing road use. As a whole, traffic on the M&SWJR fell steeply after the Second World War and the line closed to passengers in 1961, with goods facilities withdrawn from this section of the line at the same time. Collingbourne station was demolished, though the station master's house remains. Routes References Wiltshire Railway Stations, Mike Oakley, Dovecote Press, Wimborne, 2004, , pages 42–43 Disused railway stations in Wiltshire Former Midland and South Western Junction Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1882 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1961

17328618

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyptotrox%20hamatus

Glyptotrox hamatus

Glyptotrox hamatus is a beetle of the family Trogidae. References Glyptotrox Beetles described in 1940

17328619

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastung%2C%20Pakistan

Mastung, Pakistan

Mastung (Balochi and Urdu: ), the capital of Mastung District, is a town in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is located at 29°48'0N 66°50'60E and has an altitude of 1701 metres (5583 feet). The town is also the administrative centre of Mastung Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of the district – the town itself is administratively subdivided into two Union Councils. Mastung is located in Sarawan which is a division of the princely state of Kalat, the Chief Of Sarawan himself is from Mastung. There are numerous Baloch as well as Pashtun tribes populated in Mastung, the tribes include Bangulzai, Shahwani, Pirkani, Sarpara, Raisani (Tareen) and Muhammad Shahi, which are the most common tribes and are politically active and leading in the area other tribes include Dehwar, Lehri, Satakzai, Bangulzai, Tareen, Ali Zai and several more. History Mastung was known to the 10th-century geographers al-Muqaddasi and Istakhri, who both listed it among the towns in the province of Bālis, also called Bālish or Wālishtān, whose capital was Sibi. The Ain-i-Akbari, written during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late 1500s, lists Mastung as one of the 24 mahals included in the Sarkar of Kandahar. At that time, Mastung was defended by a mud brick fort and produced a yearly revenue of 10 tumans and 8,000 dinars in cash alongside 470 kharwars of grain. Its population was a mixture of Afghans and Balochs. The 2017 Mastung suicide bombing killed 28 and injured 40. A 2018 suicide bombing killed 149 and injured 186. Languages Like other Balochistan major urban centers such as Quetta, Sibi, Mach, and Khuzdar, it is a multi-ethnic city where several languages are spoken including Brahui, Persian (Dehwari dialects), Pashto, Baluchi, Sindhi (In Hindki and Frakhi dialects) and Urdu. No language has a clear majority and Urdu serves as lingua franca for inter-ethnic communications. See also Mastung Valley Khwaja Ibrahim Yukpasi Baluchistan Agency Notes References Populated places in Mastung District

17328646

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trox%20plicatus

Trox plicatus

Trox plicatus is a beetle of the family Trogidae. plicatus Beetles described in 1940

6899481

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamuliakovo

Hamuliakovo

Hamuliakovo () is a village and municipality located in the Senec District, Bratislava Region, Slovakia. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of 129 metres and covers an area of 10.947 km2. History In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1284. After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the Treaty of Trianon. Between 1938 and 1945, Hamuliakovo once more became part of Miklós Horthy's Hungary through the First Vienna Award. From 1945 until the Velvet Divorce in 1993, it was part of Czechoslovakia. Since then, it has been part of Slovakia. Population According to the 2011 census, the municipality had 1,438 inhabitants. 894 of inhabitants were Slovaks, 504 Hungarians and 40 others and unspecified. Demographics Population by nationality: Twin towns — sister cities Hamuliakovo is twinned with: Deutsch Jahrndorf, Austria Kerekegyháza, Hungary Rajka, Hungary See also List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia References Genealogical resources The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Státný archiv in Bratislava, Slovakia" Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1672-1896 (parish B) External links/Sources Official page https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Surnames of living people in Hamuliakovo Villages and municipalities in Senec District Hungarian communities in Slovakia

17328652

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Golden%20Anniversary%20Bibliography%20of%20Edgar%20Rice%20Burroughs

A Golden Anniversary Bibliography of Edgar Rice Burroughs

A Golden Anniversary Bibliography of Edgar Rice Burroughs is a bibliography of the works of Edgar Rice Burroughs by Henry Hardy Heins. It was first published by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 1,000 copies. The book was revised from a mimeograph edition that Heins had produced in September 1962. The book lists books, stories, and articles by Burroughs. It also contains information about Burroughs and a section on magazine illustrations and publisher's announcements. References 1964 non-fiction books American non-fiction books Burroughs Books about books Science fiction studies Published bibliographies Edgar Rice Burroughs Donald M. Grant, Publisher books

17328666

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WriteGirl

WriteGirl

WriteGirl is a Los Angeles-based project of Community Partners, founded by Keren Taylor in 2001. Taylor was recognized by CNN as a "CNN Hero" in 2021. The organization's focus is connecting professional women writers in Los Angeles, CA with underserved teenage girls who might not otherwise have access to creative writing or mentoring programs. The mentoring program focuses on creative writing and empowerment through self-expression. WriteGirl Alum Amanda Gorman, was chosen as the Inaugural Poet for the 59th Inaugural Ceremonies on Jan. 20, 2021, when Joe Biden was sworn in as President of the United States. In 2013, WriteGirl was honored by-then first lady, Michelle Obama, with the National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award. WriteGirl Mentorship Program WriteGirl was founded by Keren Taylor in 2001. The program is based on one-on-one mentoring and monthly creative writing workshops where girls are given techniques, insights, and topics for writing in all genres from professional women writers. Workshops and mentoring sessions explore poetry, fiction, creative non-fiction, songwriting, journalism, screenwriting, playwriting, persuasive writing, journal writing, and editing. Mentees WriteGirl's mentees have a high success rate of graduating seniors entering college, many on full or partial scholarships. Many of the mentees come from underserved communities. The WriteGirl program was designed to give girls individualized guidance and the education support providing in-depth college entrance guidance to all Core Mentoring Program high school juniors and seniors and their families. In-Schools/Bold Ink Writers Program WriteGirl’s In-Schools Program mentee pregnant, parenting and/or incarcerated girls attending alternative schools by bringing them weekly creative writing workshops. Bold Ink Writers, work with incarcerated and system-involved boys at Los Angeles County juvenile detention camps and day reporting facilities, working in partnership with the Arts for Incarcerated Youth Network (AIYN) and the Los Angeles County Probation Department. Volunteers lead weekly writing sessions designed to improve literacy and communication skills. Lights, Camera, WriteGirl Lights, Camera, WriteGirl is an annual event benefiting WriteGirl and it’s programming. The event showcases scenes and monologues written by WriteGirl teens, brought to life by a celebrity cast of actors which have included Wendi McLendon-Covey, Seth Rogen, Keiko Agena, Wayne Brady, Angela Bassett, and Kelsey Scott, among others. In 2019, actor, author and WriteGirl volunteer Lauren Graham, emceed the event. WriteGirl Bold Ink Awards WriteGirl hosts the Bold Ink Awards, an annual event honoring women writers who serve as positive role models for teens. Recipients of the Bold Ink Awards include Kara DioGuardi, Sarah Silverman, and Aline Brosh McKenna, among others. References Non-profit organizations based in California

6899488

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrub%C3%A1%20Bor%C5%A1a

Hrubá Borša

Hrubá Borša or Nagyborsa (in , in ) is a village and municipality in western Slovakia in Senec District in the Bratislava Region. History In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1244. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of 125 metres and covers an area of 5.848 km². It has a population of 386 people. Demography Population by nationality: Genealogical resources The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bratislava, Banska Bystrica, Bytca, Kosice, Levoca, Nitra, Presov, Slovakia" Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1711-1898 (parish B) Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1786-1896 (parish B) Reformated church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1889-1910 (parish B) See also List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia Rerefences External links Official page https://web.archive.org/web/20071217080336/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Surnames of living people in Hruba Borsa Villages and municipalities in Senec District

6899492

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole%20Stafford

Nicole Stafford

Nicole Stafford is a political strategist and diplomat in Quebec. She was director of public relations for the 1st World Outgames in 2006. She held a number of senior Quebec government positions, including chief of staff for Pauline Marois and Deputy Minister of the Executive Council, and was Quebec's delegate general (the equivalent of an ambassador) to Brussels, Belgium. Earlier, she was a vice-president of a public relations firm. References Government of Quebec - Biography 1st World Outgames Montréal 2006: Newsletter No. 33 Quebec civil servants Living people Canadian public relations people Year of birth missing (living people)

17328698

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/454th%20Bombardment%20Group

454th Bombardment Group

The 454th Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 454th Troop Carrier Wing of Continental Air Command at Portland International Airport, Oregon. It was inactivated on 1 January 1953. The 454th Bombardment Group was activated in 1943 as a United States Army Air Forces combat unit. It served primarily in the Mediterranean Theater during World War II. While in combat the group earned two Distinguished Unit Citations. The group served as a bombardment and as a troop carrier unit in the reserves after World War II. In 1947 the group was activated as a reserve unit. It continued in this role until 1951 when it was called to active duty and its personnel used to fill out active duty organizations deploying to the Pacific. The group was reestablished later during the Korean War as the 454th Troop Carrier Group, a reserve organization at Portland International Airport, Oregon. It was discontinued six months later, when the 403d Troop Carrier Group was released from active duty and assumed its mission, personnel and equipment. In 1985 the wing returned to its designation as a bombardment group while remaining inactive. History World War II The group was constituted as 454th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 14 May 1943 and activated on 1 June at Davis–Monthan Field, near Tucson, Arizona. Training began immediately on Consolidated B-24 Liberators and the ground cadre was sent on 3 July to Army Air Force School of Applied Tactics at Orlando AAB, Florida. On 15 July, planes were sent from Davis–Monthan to join them at Pinecastle AAF, Florida for practical field training. From their bases in Florida, the ground echelon was transferred on 28 July 1943 to McCook AAF, Nebraska and, on 1 August, the air echelon joined them. This was the first operational unit to use the newly constructed McCook airfield. On 28 September the Group was reassigned to Charleston AAB, South Carolina On 2 December 1943 the aircrews and some key ground personnel were sent to Mitchel Field, New York in preparation for deployment overseas. These personnel were subsequently transferred to Morrison Field, Florida and flew the southern route to North Africa. After additional training in Tunisia, the air echelon joined the ground echelon, which had previously departed from Camp Patrick Henry by Liberty Ship, at San Giovanni Airfield, west of Cerignola, Italy, and was assigned to Fifteenth Air Force. Although the group flew some interdiction and support missions, it engaged primarily in long range strikes against oil refineries. aircraft and munitions factories and industrial areas, harbors, and airfields. Flying from Italy, the group flew 243 missions on over 150 primary targets in Italy, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Greece, and Poland. During this time, 13,389.19 tons of bombs were dropped during 7,091 sorties on enemy marshalling yards, oil refineries, bridges, installations, airdromes, rail lines, etc. The 454th participated in the drive to Rome, the invasion of Southern France, and the defeat of Axis forces in northern Italy. The 454th was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for similar action on the high priority Messerschmitt Aircraft Factory at Bad Vöslau, Austria on 12 April 1944. It earned a second DUC for "outstanding performance of duty in armed conflict with the enemy" as a result of their mission against the Hermann Goering Steel Works in Linz, Austria on 25 July 1944. After the German Capitulation in May 1945, the 454th redeployed to the United States on 8 July. Many personnel were demobilized upon arrival at the port of debarkation; a small cadre of key personnel was formed, and the group was then established at Sioux Falls Army Air Field South Dakota in July, and the unit was redesignated the 454th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy in July, and was equipped with B-29 Superfortresses, and programmed for deployment to the Pacific Theater. The Japanese Capitulation in August made the group redundant to Air Force requirements and the unit was inactivated on 17 October 1945. Korean War The group was allotted to the Air Force Reserve in April 1947, stationed at McChord Field, Washington, and equipped with B-29s removed from storage in the southwest. The group moved in July 1949 to Spokane AFB, Washington, where it served as a corollary unit for the 98th Bombardment Group, retaining only a single squadron. As a result of the Korean War, the 454th was activated on 1 May 1951. Upon activation, the group's personnel and equipment were reassigned as replacements to the 98th Bombardment Wing, which deployed to Far East Air Forces at Yokota AB, Japan. The group was inactivated as a paper unit on 16 June. For related subsequent history, see 454th Bombardment Wing. Continental Air Command established the 454th Troop Carrier Wing at Portland International Airport, Oregon in June 1952 to replace the 922d Reserve Training Wing, which had taken over reserve activities at Portland following the mobilization of the 403d Troop Carrier Wing. Under the wing base organization (Hobson Plan), the group was redesignated the 454th Troop Carrier Group and assigned to the wing as its operational element. It was equipped with Curtiss C-46 Commandos. Its activation as a reserve transport unit was short, as it was inactivated and its mission, personnel and equipment transferred to the 403d Troop Carrier Wing when the 403d was released from active duty in January 1953. In 1985, the United States Air Force returned the group to its original bombardment designation. Lineage 454th Bombardment Group Constituted as 454th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 14 May 1943 Activated on 1 June 1943 Redesignated 454th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy on 5 August 1945 Inactivated on 17 October 1945. Allotted to the reserve and activated on 27 April 1947 Redesignated 454th Bombardment Group, Medium on 27 June 1949 Inactivated on 16 June 1951 Redesignated 454th Troop Carrier Group, Medium on 26 May 1952 Activated on 13 June 1952 Inactivated on 1 January 1953 Redesignated 454th Bombardment Group, Heavy on 31 July 1985 (remained inactive) Assignments Fourth Air Force 1 June – 31 July 1943 Second Air Force 31 July – October 1943 Third Air Force October–December 1943 304th Bombardment Wing, 25 January 1944 – c. 19 July 1945 20th Bombardment Wing 1 August – 17 October 1945 305th Bombardment Wing (later 305th Air Division), 27 April 1947 – 27 June 1949 Fifteenth Air Force (attached to 91st Bombardment Wing), – 16 June 1951 454th Troop Carrier Wing, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953 Components 81st Fighter Squadron: 12 July 1947 – 20 June 1949 736th Bombardment Squadron (later Troop Carrier Squadron): 1 June 1943 – 17 October 1945, 27 April 1947 – 16 June 1951, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953 737th Bombardment Squadron (later Troop Carrier Squadron): 1 June 1943 – 17 October 1945, 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953 738th Bombardment Squadron (later Troop Carrier Squadron): 1 June 1943 – 17 October 1945, 16 August 1947 – 27 June 1949, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953 739th Bombardment Squadron: 1 June 1943 – 17 October 1945, 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949 Stations Alamogordo AAF, New Mexico 1 June 1943 Davis–Monthan Field, Arizona 1 July 1943 McCook AAF, Nebraska c. 31 July 1943 Charleston AAB, South Carolina 3 October – December 1943 San Giovanni Airfield, Italy January 1944 – July 1945 Sioux Falls AAF, South Dakota 1 August 1945 Pyote AAF, Texas 17 August – 17 October 1945 McChord Field, Washington, 27 April 1947 – 27 June 1949 Spokane AFB, Washington, 27 June 1949 – 16 June 1951 Portland International Airport, Oregon 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953 Aircraft flown Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945 Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1945 Curtiss C-46 Commando, 1952–1953 Awards and campaigns Notes References Bibliography External links Bombardment groups of the United States Air Force Bombardment groups of the United States Army Air Forces

20464734

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch

Colin Lynch

Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. Playing career Club Colin played for Éire Óg ever before he played for Kilmaley. Lynch plays his club hurling with his local club Kilmaley and has enjoyed much success. In 1998 Lynch lined out in his first county senior championship final. The famous St. Joseph's Doora-Barefield club provided the opposition, however, Kilmayley still came up short and Lynch ended up on the defeated side. The following year Kilmaley were back in the junior hurling decider. Clonlara were the opponents on that occasion, however, for the second time Lynch's side faced defeat. 2004 saw Kilmaley finally break the barrier at senior level when they lined out against St. Joseph's in the senior championship decider. Lynch's side triumphed that day to collect their first senior county title since 1985. Lynch also played Gaelic football with his local club Lissycasey and enjoyed much success. He won a county intermediate championship winners' medal in 1994, however, success at senior level was slow in coming. After defeat in senior county finals in 1998 and 2006, Lynch won a county senior championship winners' medal in 2007, following a five-point victory over Éire Óg. Inter-county Lynch first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Clare senior team in 1994. He was included on the senior panel that year, however, it would be another few years before he secured a definite place on the starting fifteen. Lynch made his debut in a Munster Championship quarter-final against Kerry in 1997. Clare had an easy win that day. A subsequent victory over Cork gave Lynch the chance to line out in his first Munster final. Tipperary were the opponents on that occasion and an exciting game was expected. Both sets of players did not disappoint. Clare led by five points at half-time, however, Tipp fought back in the second-half. In one of the best games of the decade Clare defeated Tipperary by 1–18 to 0–18. It was Lynch's first Munster winners' medal and Clare's first ever victory over Tipperary in the provincial decider. Clare were now hot favourites to reclaim the All-Ireland title. They showed their class against Kilkenny in the subsequent All-Ireland semi-final, thus booking their place in the All-Ireland final. The introduction of the so-called 'back-door system' saw Tipperary provide the opposition in that game. For the second time that year both sides served up a classic. Clare had the upper-hand for much of the game, however, Tipp remained close behind. Liam Cahill and Eugene O'Neill scored two goals for Tipp in the last ten minutes to set up an exciting finish. A draw looked likely, however, a classic late point from Jamesie O'Connor secured a narrow 0–20 to 2–13 victory for Clare. It was Lynch's first All-Ireland winners' medal. In winning the 1997 All-Ireland title Clare beat Cork, Kilkenny and Tipperary (twice) – the so-called big three of hurling. In doing so they became only the second team ever, along with Waterford in 1959, to achieve this. In 1998 Clare were the hot favourites to retain their All-Ireland title. All was going to plan, however, Lynch's side drew with Waterford in the Munster final. The replay was one of the most controversial games of hurling ever played. Before the sliotar was had even been thrown in, Lynch was pulling recklessly across Peter Queally and Tony Browne. A melee ensued two minutes into the game and Lynch punched Browne. Brian Lohan and Michael White were red-carded for also fighting, however, Lynch escaped being sent to the line. The rest of the game was played in an extremely bad spirit and Clare emerged the victors by 2–16 to 0–10. It was Lynch's second Munster winners' medal, however, the game was subject to much media discussion over the following week. The Munster Council later suspended Lynch for three months. He was a huge loss for the subsequent three-game All-Ireland semi-final saga with Offaly, a marathon run of games which Clare eventually lost, thus surrendering an All-Ireland title which they had been hot favourites to retain. The following few seasons proved difficult for Lynch and for Clare. In spite of the team going into decline, Clare still qualified for the Munster final again in 1999. By now the 'hurling revolution' of the 1990s was drawing to a close as the 'old order' returned. Cork provided the opposition on that occasion, however, Clare were still the favourites going into the game. An exciting contest unfolded with Cork's Joe Deane scoring a key goal after an excellent pass from Seánie McGrath. A score line of 1–15 to 0–14 gave Cork the victory and saw Clare surrender their provincial title for the first time since 1996. Lynch's side, however, still had a chance to reclaim the All-Ireland title via the 'back-door'. A defeat of Galway in a replay set up an All-Ireland semi-final meeting with Kilkenny. Clare were now on a downward spiral as Kilkenny secured a 2–14 to 1–13 victory thanks to D.J. Carey. The next few seasons saw Clare exit the provincial championship at an early stage, while manager Ger Loughnane also departed. In 2002 Clare exited the Munster race at the first hurdle, however, the newly expanded qualifiers system saw Lynch's side record subsequent victories over Dublin, Wexford, Galway and Waterford to reach the All-Ireland final. It was Lynch's second appearance in the championship decider. Kilkenny were the opposition and there was no doubt in the pundits' minds that there would be anything but a victory for 'the Cats'. Henry Shefflin and D.J. Carey combined to score 2–13, while Clare's forwards missed two easy goal chances. At the full-time whistle Kilkenny were the champions by 2–20 to 0–19. Lynch's side faced early defeats in the provincial championships of 2003 and 2004. The team regrouped in the latter year and forced reigning champions Kilkenny to a draw in the All-Ireland quarter-final. 'The Cats' went on to win the replay with five points to spare. Provincial defeat was Clare's lot again in 2005, however, Lynch's side reached the All-Ireland semi-final via the qualifiers. Cork were the opponents that day and found life difficult with a primed Clare team countering their every attack. 'The Rebels' fell behind by seven points at the start of the second-half. A huge performance by Cork turned this deficit around and Lynch's side eventually went on to lose the game by 0–16 to 0–15. Lynch had a chance to level the game with seconds left, however, his shot went wide. Clare reached the All-Ireland semi-final again in 2006, this time with Kilkenny providing the opposition. After a reasonably good performance Clare fell short again as 'the Cats' went on to win the game and later take the All-Ireland title. In 2008 Clare ended their first-round bogey in Munster and reached the final of the competition for the first time since 1999. A resurgent Tipperary provided the opposition on that occasion and an exciting game was expected, however, Tipperary were much too strong for 'the Banner' county. The game was far from a classic as Lynch's side eventually lost by 2–21 to 0–19. This defeat was not the end of the road, as Clare later lined out against Cork in the All-Ireland quarter-final. Clare were the favourites against a Cork side that was seen as past its prime. The team justified their favourites tag as Cork trailed by eight points at half-time. The second half was a different story as Cork took control. At the long whistle Lynch's side were defeated by 2–19 to 2–17. This defeat marked the end for Lynch as he announced his retirement from inter-county hurling just before the start of the 2009 championship. Championship Appearances Scores and results list Clare's tally first. Honours Kilmaley Clare Senior Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 2004 Runner-up (1): 1998 Clare Junior Hurling Championship: Winner (2): 2001, 2006 Runner-up (2): 1999, 1996 Lissycasey Clare Senior Football Championship: Winner (1): 2007 Runner-up (2): 1998, 2006 Clare Intermediate Football Championship: Winner (1): 1994 Clare Junior Football Championship: Winner (1): 1992 Clare All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 1997 Runner-up (1): 2002 Munster Senior Hurling Championship: Winner (2): 1997, 1998 Runner-up (1): 1999, 2008 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 1993 Munster Junior Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 1993 National Hurling League: Winner (0): Runner-up (2): 2001, 2005 Munster Railway Cup: Winner (1): 1997 Runner-up (1): 2004 References Teams 1974 births Living people Dual players Kilmaley hurlers Lissycasey Gaelic footballers Clare inter-county hurlers Munster inter-provincial hurlers All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners

6899495

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Swedish%20general%20election%20computer%20infringement%20affair

2006 Swedish general election computer infringement affair

The 2006 Swedish election espionage affair, in daily media sometimes called Leijongate, which is created from Watergate and the liberal party leader Lars Leijonborg, was a series of computer break-ins and the subsequent scandal. It all started on September 4, 2006, only weeks before the 2006 general election, the Social Democratic Party reported a computer break-in into the Social Democrats' internal network to the police. It has been reported that members of the Liberal People's Party had copied secret information not yet officially released to counter-attack Social Democratic political propositions on at least two occasions. Timeline November 8, 2005 Stig-Olof Friberg is hired as first ombudsman for the Swedish Social Democratic Party in Skaraborg. He gets free access to the top secret sections of the Social Democratic intranet containing analysis of their political opponents, how to counter them, media strategy and future plans. He logs on using an unencrypted wireless network and uses his user name as password. Some time in November 2005 Nicklas Lagerlöf, chairman of the Western Sweden district of the Liberal Youth of Sweden (LUF) gets access to Stig-Olof Friberg's user name and password. He also get access to the user names and passwords of Niklas Sörman, ombudsman at the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League (SSU) and secretary Birgitta Svensson. Nicklas Lagerlöf says he was given the passwords by Niklas Sörman who then files a slander lawsuit. Nicklas Lagerlöf later gives the login information to Per Jodenius, press secretary at the LUF main office in Stockholm. January 12, 2006 Access to the Social Democrats' intranet from Liberal Party servers increases. During the following months 78 log-ins are made downloading internal reports and documents. February 2, 2006 The Social Democrats start their campaign promising better education for people working with care of the elderly. The same day Lars Leijonborg and the Party social policy spokesperson Erik Ullenhag present their counter-report. February 17, 2006 At 10 AM, school minister Ibrahim Baylan presents his school report. At 1.15 PM, the Liberal Party releases their counter-report having read the government's report a day before it was published. February 24, 2006 A person working at the Social Democratic party HQ sends forged e-mails. During the day, ten log-ins from the Liberal Party onto the Social Democrats' intranet are logged. The log-ins stop when the name of the mailer is revealed. March 14, 2006 Last log-in from servers belonging to the Liberal Party to the Social Democrats' intranet. Log-ins continue from a Telia account. March 15, 2006 Niki Westerberg, press secretary of the Liberal Party, informs party secretary Johan Jakobsson that she thinks Per Jodenius has access to the Social Democrats' intranet. Jakobsson says he told Jodenius to reveal it to a reporter and stop the illegal access. Per Jodenius contacts Niklas Svensson on Expressen who does not reveal the story, but uses the log-in himself instead. August 3, 2006 Göran Persson, Social Democratic Prime Minister, is going on a bus tour campaign, the first tour of the election campaign. Five hours after the tour plan has been revealed, the opposition centre-right Alliance for Sweden, where the Liberal Party is a member, reveals that they too are going on a bus tour for the same number of days and cities, with one of them, Örebro, being the same. Niklas Svensson notes the coincidence in an article. August 3, 2006 The Liberal Party suggest an international conference on gay rights shortly before the government proposes an international conference on hate crimes. August 30, 2006 Fredrik Sjöshult at Dagens Industri contacts Manuel Ferrer, press contact for the Social Democrats. He asks if they are aware about computer break-ins. Sjöshult claims he has received the information from a Liberal Party member who has reacted to the dirty methods. Manuel Ferrer says he knows nothing. After the meeting he calls party headquarters and they call in the computer security firm Sentor and lock Nicklas Lagerlöf's account. September 1, 2006 It turns out that between November and March there were 78 log-ins from the Liberal People's Party. Sentor also discovers that several known party members have logged in using their own names. September 2, 2006 Stig-Olof Friberg is called to the Social Democratic Party headquarters. Using almanacs for 2005 and 2006 he goes through all his log-ins. It shows that when he was on vacation in the mountains someone has used his login to access the intranet from Stockholm. Sentor thinks there are at least 20 other break-ins using his account. They are traced to Telia, but they fail to find out who it is. September 3, 2006 In the afternoon Sentor leave their investigation to the Social Democrats. They book a room to hold a press conference 7:00 Monday morning. The treasurer calls the computer crimes unit of the police to file charges. At 22.18 the news agency TT have read the Monday issue of Dagens Industri. After TT sent out the news, reporters start calling the Social Democrats. They decide to hold the press conference before midnight. The Liberal Party party secretary Johan Jakobsson is interviewed and says he knew nothing about the espionage. To Lars Leijonborg he says that he knew about it since mid-March. September 4, 2006 The LUF official, Per Jodenius, is fired after the Social Democrats filed a police complaint about the incident. Lars Leijonborg says that it is his belief that nobody in the party leadership knew about the espionage. September 5, 2006 the Party Secretary, Johan Jakobsson, voluntarily chooses to resign. Leading members of the party and its youth organization are under police investigation suspected for criminal activity. Lars Leijonborg says he has full confidence in Johan Jakobsson. Later that night, Leijonborg says that he has known about the espionage since Sunday. September 8, 2006 The Expressen reporter Niklas Svensson is given charges of crime. November 24, 2006 Stockholm District Court charges Niklas Sörman, Per Jodenius, Niklas Svensson, Johan Jakobsson, Niki Westberg and Nicklas Lagerlöf. 10–11 April 2007 court proceedings begin against Niklas Sörman, Per Jodenius, Niklas Svensson, Johan Jakobsson, Niki Westberg, and Nicklas Lagerlöf. 23 April 2007 Lars Leijonborg announces that he will not stand for re-election as chairman of the Liberal Party. Jan Björklund is later chosen to succeed him. April 27, 2007 Niklas Sörman, Per Jodenius and Niklas Svensson are convicted by the court, while Johan Jakobsson, Niki Westberg, and Nicklas Lagerlöf are acquitted. References 2006 in Sweden Political scandals in Sweden Liberals (Sweden)

6899497

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygodontomys%20brevicauda

Zygodontomys brevicauda

Zygodontomys brevicauda, also known as the short-tailed zygodont, short-tailed cane mouse, or common cane mouse, is a species of rodent in the genus Zygodontomys of tribe Oryzomyini. Distribution It occurs from Costa Rica via Panama, Colombia and Venezuela into Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and northern Brazil, including Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean. subspecies It includes three subspecies: Zygodontomys brevicauda brevicauda Zygodontomys brevicauda cherriei Zygodontomys brevicauda microtinus. Diseases Many Zygodontomys brevicauda serve as viral reservoirs, causing illnesses such as Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. References Literature cited Duff, A. and Lawson, A. 2004. Mammals of the World: A checklist. Yale University Press, 312 pp. Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. Zygodontomys Mammals of Colombia Rodents of Central America Mammals of Trinidad and Tobago Mammals of the Caribbean Mammals described in 1893 Taxa named by Joel Asaph Allen Taxa named by Frank Chapman (ornithologist)

6899498

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Webber

Mark Webber

Mark Webber may refer to: Mark Webber (racing driver) (born 1976), Australian racing driver Mark Webber (actor) (born 1980), American actor Mark Webber (guitarist) (born 1970), English guitarist with the band Pulp See also Marc Weber (disambiguation)

17328710

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%20Limestone%20and%20Chemical%20Company

Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company

The Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company (a.k.a. Michigan Limestone) operates the world's largest limestone quarry, which is located near Rogers City, Michigan. It was formed and organized in 1910; however, production did not begin until 1912. Ownership of the quarry has changed a number of times, but it is still one of the country's largest producers of limestone. The deposits mined at the quarry are underground in the northeastern part of Northern Michigan near Alpena and south of Rogers City along the shore of Lake Huron. The raw material is essential to a variety of industries; the major uses are for various aggregates, road-base stone cement, flux for iron and steel production, railroad ballast, mine dusting, and agricultural lime. History The mining engineer and geologist Henry H. Hindshaw, of New York City, started the analysis to established the commercial value of limestone in Northern Lower Michigan in January 1909. He looked over and evaluated certain properties in the northeastern part of Michigan, between the small lumbering community of Rogers City and the nearby open pit mine of Crawford's Quarry. In February, Hindshaw first drilled samples for the Solvay Process Company of Syracuse, New York. The limestone samples were found to be of commercially usable quality, so the company took an option to purchase all the surrounding land by the Lake Huron shore south of Rogers City. Hindshaw then returned to New York City and got in contact with William F. White of the White Investing Company. The investor showed an interest in commercial development of the limestone. Limestone is a raw material essential in industry. Major uses are for various aggregates, road-base stone cement, manufacture flux for iron and steel production, railroad ballast, mine dusting, and lime manufacture. Hindshaw determined the value was high due to the unusually high grade and purity of the limestone deposit underground in the northeastern region of Lower Michigan along the shore of Lake Huron, near Alpena and south of Rogers City. The quality and size of the limestone deposit at Rogers City, and the availability of easy water transportation, led to the development of the quarry and a port. Both quarry and port are named Calcite, after the principal ingredient of limestone. Company Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company was created in 1910 by White and a few of his investor capitalist colleagues, who purchased a parcel of land of prime limestone deposits from the Rogers City Land Company. It was the lumber industry that had brought the first settlers to the northern area of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, around the time of the Civil War. The first pioneer settlers arrived in the Rogers City vicinity in 1869, and they started the Rogers-Molitor Lumber Company. The lumber industry was the backbone of the economy in Rogers City, and Presque Isle County, until the second decade of the 20th century. By that time, most of the forests had been cut down, and the major lumber companies were moving their camps to fresh forests in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (and into the nearby states of Wisconsin and Minnesota). Around this time Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company began construction of facilities for mining limestone. White, whose residence was in New York City, served as president of Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company when he filed Articles of Association in the Presque Isle County Clerk's office at Rogers City making the company official on May 26, 1910. The Calcite port and quarry plant started operations in June 1910 and maintained offices in New York City and Rogers City. Hindshaw was the first general manager and was paid $3,500 per year. He was replaced in October by Joseph Jenkins of Alpena, Michigan, who was paid $3,000 a year. Carl D. Bradley of Chicago replaced Jenkins on October 12, 1911. Bradley managed construction of the limestone processing factory, which included a powerhouse, stone crusher, screen-house, conveyor power distribution system, a harbor with loading slip, ship loader, repair shop, and executive office building. Steam shovels were purchased for use in mining, and steam locomotives and dump cars were used to move the stone from the quarry to the crusher. A steam locomotive was purchased to haul the limestone from the quarry. There was a spur track built by the company that led into the Calcite operations from the Detroit & Mackinac Railroad main line just west of Posen, Michigan. Production at the quarry began in early 1912 and the first cargoes of stone were shipped by steamer freighters in June of that year. The company received orders for limestone that far exceeded the most optimistic expectations. Most of the stone mined at the Rogers City quarry was shipped on lake freighters to steel mills located along the lower Great Lakes at places like Detroit, Cleveland, Gary, and South Chicago. For most of the plant's history, its biggest customer was United States Steel (also known as U.S. Steel.), the world's largest producer of steel products. Eventually, additional markets were found for the limestone in the agricultural, construction, chemical, and cement industries. The Rogers City area continued to develop and grow as the Calcite plant facilities grew. Within 20 years, the quarry at Rogers was the world's largest producer of limestone. U.S. Steel United States Steel Corporation was the first customer of the company. White and his partners were in contact with potential major consumers of limestone even before the company was officially formed. They were in negotiations with several steel companies and other companies that used quantities of limestone and concluded that if they built a massive quarry that they would have potential consumers immediately. US Steel signed a contract within months of when the company was officially formed and a year before limestone was actually produced. Iroquois Iron Company of Chicago signed a contract with Michigan Limestone for the purchase of 50,000 tons of limestone. The limestone company was created, at least in part, with the idea that there was a waiting market for their product. US Steel later purchased a controlling interest in Michigan Limestone in 1920 when the company was producing 1,000 tons of crushed limestone a day. Bradley was promoted from general manager to president of Michigan Limestone. He also served as president of Michigan Limestone's fleet of self-unloading ships used to deliver the stone. Those ships were operated as the Bradley Transportation Company. Michigan Limestone and Bradley Transportation came under the full ownership of U.S. Steel upon Bradley's death in 1928. At that time U.S. Steel purchased all of the stock of both Michigan Limestone and the associated shipping concern, Bradley Transportation, and made both these companies subsidiaries of U.S. Steel. The company became a division in 1951 when the operations at Rogers City became U.S. Steel's "Northern District", since the main offices were moved to Detroit. The operation is still a major employer in northern Michigan. Its ownership has changed several times in recent years. Uses The calcite limestone produced at Michigan Limestone is the white calcium carbonate chemical. It is low in iron, alumina, sulphur, carbonate phosphorus, silica, magnesium and titanium. Steel mills added limestone to molten iron in the blast furnaces. It is used to carry away impurities in the process of making steel. The material is also in widespread use in making cement. The limestone when burned at a temperature up to 2300 degrees Fahrenheit (999 degrees Celsius) produces just pure lime, which is used in everything from making paints, varnishes, sugar, glass, baking powder and ammonia. Lime is also used in making chemicals such as soda ash, caustic soda, bleaching powders, and water softening salt. Limestone was used to fill the caissons that support the Mackinac Bridge. Pulverized limestone is used to restore lime that is needed to make plants grow. Continuous cultivation depletes lime out of the soil, making it acidic. Crops will not grow very well in that type of soil. Pulverized limestone is used to restore lime in the soil so crops grow properly. This type of soil conditioner is known as agricultural lime. Where soils are acidic crushed limestone can improve the crop yield. It does this by making the soil balanced and thereby allowing the plants to absorb more nutrients from the soil like they should through their roots. While lime is not a fertilizer itself, it can be used in combination with fertilizers. Agricultural lime can also be beneficial to soils where the land is used in raising farm animals like cows and goats. Bone growth is key to an animal's development and bones are composed primarily of calcium. Young calf get their needed calcium through milk, which has calcium as one of its major components so dairymen frequently apply agricultural lime to their fields because it increases milk production. Self-unloading ships of the company Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company built three ships between 1912 and 1917. They were named SS Calcite, SS W.F. White and the SS Carl D. Bradley (in 1927, this ship would be renamed John G. Munson, and a new SS Carl D. Bradley would be built). These ships were revolutionary in their own right. They represented the latest technology in "self-unloading" ships, then simply called "unloading ships". In 1912, the company built its first steamship, SS Calcite. It was considerably larger than the first modern self-unloader ever built on the Great Lakes, which was the SS Wyandotte built in 1908. The Calcite was used to haul limestone from the company's quarry at Rogers City to Buffalo and Fairport, New York. The steamships W.F. White and Carl D. Bradley followed over the next few years. All the steamships' hulls were painted grey to minimize the appearance of the limestone dust that accumulated during loading and unloading. The design of these early self-unloaders was pretty much the same as today. The idea is that the "cargo hold" is built with its sides sloping toward the center of the ship along the keel. Where the two sides come together, a series of steel gates can be opened. This allows the material to drop onto a conveyor belt running the length of the ship beneath the "cargo hold." The conveyor belt carries the material up to an exchanger, where it is transferred to a second belt which runs up to the main deck, then through a long boom on deck. The unloading swing boom hangs over the ship's side to discharge the material load onto the waiting customer's dock. The advantage of self-unloaders is that they can deliver the limestone material directly to a customer's dock without requiring expensive shore side unloading rigs. As business grew over the years, the company built several more of these self-unloaders. These ships were operate under the name Bradley Transportation Company after 1920 and were known as the Bradley boats or the Bradley fleet. There are self-unloaders today that carry limestone from the Calcite plant through the Port of Calcite to industrial ports all around the Great Lakes. The SS Carl D. Bradley was lost in a storm in November 1958 while returning from delivering a load of limestone; 33 of the 35 crewmembers died, most of whom lived in or around the small town of Rogers City. No larger loss of lives has occurred in the lake freighter fleet since the Bradley's sinking. Michigan historical marker There is a Michigan State Historic Site historical marker at a viewing point over Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company facilities that reads: References Sources Limestone industry Mines in Michigan Mining companies of the United States Chemical companies of the United States Companies based in Michigan Chemical companies established in 1910 1910 establishments in Michigan Michigan State Historic Sites Buildings and structures in Presque Isle County, Michigan American companies established in 1910

17328762

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Villalon

Eric Villalon

Eric Villalón Fuentes (born April 30, 1973 in Barcelona) is a Paralympic alpine skier from Spain. In his career, he has won five gold medals, three silvers, and a bronze. At the 1998 Winter Paralympics he won three golds, at the 2002 games he won two gold and two silvers, and at the 2006 Paralympics he won a silver and a bronze. In 2014 Villalon was inducted into the Paralympic Hall of Fame. Notes External links Spanish Paralympics site Profile Spanish male alpine skiers Paralympic alpine skiers of Spain Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Paralympics Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Paralympics Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Paralympics Paralympic gold medalists for Spain Paralympic silver medalists for Spain Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain 1973 births Living people Medalists at the 2006 Winter Paralympics Medalists at the 2002 Winter Paralympics Medalists at the 1998 Winter Paralympics Paralympic medalists in alpine skiing

17328764

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Congregational%20Church%20%28Newport%2C%20Rhode%20Island%29

United Congregational Church (Newport, Rhode Island)

The United Congregational Church (also called First Congregational Church, Second Congregational Church and Newport Congregational Church) is a historic former church building in Newport, Rhode Island. The congregation was formerly affiliated with the United Church of Christ (UCC). Built in 1857, the church was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2012, in recognition for the unique interior decorations executed in 1880–81 by John La Farge. History The congregation was gathered as Newport's First Congregational Church in 1695 by Rev. Nathaniel Clap, a Harvard College graduate who ministered to the Newport congregation until his death in 1745. The Second Congregational Church of Newport started another congregation in 1735, but the two later reunited. The congregation was active during the American Revolution and both churches' meeting houses were used as barracks and hospitals by the British and French troops in Newport. Dr. Samuel Hopkins was the minister of the church in the late eighteenth century. As of 2009, the church was pastored by the Reverends Mary Beth Hayes and Nan L. Baker. The church has since closed, and the has undergone renovation to become an events center. Building The current building is a Romanesque Revival structure, designed by Joseph C. Wells of New York City and completed in 1857. It is a basically rectangular building, built out of Connecticut brownstone, with two ornately decorated towers. In the 1880s the congregation retained the artist John LaFarge to redecorate its interior. LaFarge had recently completed work on Trinity Church, Boston, and sought to provide a more elaborate interior than he was able to in Boston. He produced twenty stained glass windows and a series of murals, which represent the only fully integrated ecclesiastical interior he produced. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2012. See also Clarke Street Meeting House List of National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References Further reading External links Romanesque Revival architecture in Rhode Island Romanesque Revival church buildings in the United States United Church of Christ churches in Rhode Island Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Churches completed in 1857 19th-century United Church of Christ church buildings Churches in Newport, Rhode Island 1695 establishments in Rhode Island Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island Historic district contributing properties in Rhode Island Congregational churches in Rhode Island

6899499

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinkovo

Kalinkovo

Kalinkovo () is a village and municipality in western Slovakia in Senec District in the Bratislava Region. History The village was first mentioned in 1258 as Dénešdi village and later in 1288 as Šemet. In 1948 the name was changed to Kalinkovo that carries today. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of 131 meters and covers an area of 12.912 km². It has a population of 1193 people. Facilities The village has a public library, post office, gas distribution network and a football pitch. In the centre of the village is one big church (in comparison with other neighbour villages) called Kostol sv. Františka z Assisi.In this village you can also find a small graveyard with 3 meters tall jesus on the cross statue. Genealogical resources The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bratislava, Slovakia" Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1672-1896 (parish B) Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1706-1895 (parish B) See also List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia External links/Sources Official page https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Surnames of living people in Kalinkovo Villages and municipalities in Senec District

6899501

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Langlois%20%28economist%29

Pierre Langlois (economist)

Pierre Langlois is a Canadian economist and political strategist. Born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, he graduated from the Université de Montréal with a B.A. (1998) and a M.A (1999) in economics. His master's thesis was on growth theory with empirical evidences from U.S. metropolitan areas. Economic advisor While working at the Ottawa-based Conference Board of Canada as an associate economist, Langlois was recruited by newly appointed Parti Québécois finance minister, Pauline Marois. Langlois, at 26 years, became a senior top advisor. He was highly involved in the budget preparation and other legislative operations and was a key line writer for the daily question period. In 2003, Langlois was appointed by the office of the Premier of Quebec as an economic advisor for the upcoming provincial election. Pierre Langlois is seen in the movie À Hauteur d'homme, which is a documentary of the 2003 PQ campaign. Between 2003 and 2005, Langlois served as a political content advisor to leadership candidate Pauline Marois. Parti Québécois and Bloc Québécois involvement In 2005, Langlois was approached to replace Marcel Lussier, who was fighting cancer, as the Bloc Québécois candidate in the Brossard—La Prairie riding. He refused, alleging his already packed political agenda. During the 2006 federal election, Bloc Québécois officials asked Langlois to manage Lussier’s campaign against incumbent Liberal minister Jacques Saada. Langlois delivered a surprise victory for the Bloc in this traditionally Liberal riding. In June 2006, Langlois declined to run for the PQ in the provincial riding of La Prairie, alleging family reasons. On April 13, 2012, Pierre Langlois along with Pauline Marois, declared his candidacy for the open seat of La Prairie in the upcoming provincial election for the Parti Québécois. Pauline Marois, leader of the Parti Québécois, presented Langlois as a key member of her economic team. On September 4, 2012, Pierre Langlois lost by 81 votes against Stephane Le Bouyonnec of the Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ) in a close contest. A recount officialized Le Bouyonnec's victory by 75 votes on September 14, 2012. On April 7, 2014, Pierre Langlois ran for the PQ provincial party a second time and came in third in voting results. Having a total of 8,591 valid votes (26.25% of valid ballots). Losing to Stephane Le Bouyonnec of the Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ) and Richard Merlini of the Quebec Liberal Party (PLQ) Pierre Langlois is currently working as an economist in the private sector. References La Presse: Deux économistes sur la Rive-Sud pour le PQ April 13, 2012 La Presse: Des mouvements de troupes sur la Rive-Sud February 22, 2012 Argent: Immobilier et les villes minières August 15, 2011 Argent: Le boom minier entraîne une flambée immobilière August 15, 2011 Argent: Le condo la locomotive de l'immobilier à Montréal August 10, 2011 Le Quotidien: Les pénalités hypothécaires heurtent les consommateurs January 26, 2011 24H: Pénalités hypothécaires : Flaherty prié d'intervenir February 8, 2011 First-time buyers will feel pinch January 21, 2011 The Gazette: Mortgage rules will scale down purchases Quebec experts January 18, 2011 ARGENT: Ottawa va sattaquer aux ventes de condos January 14, 2011 La Presse: Ottawa chambarde la loi pour contrer le blanchiment June 11, 2008 Le Reflet: Une majorité de députés en faveur de la 30 au nord November 3, 2007 Le Reflet: Pierre Langlois ne sera pas candidat June 17, 2006 Le Devoir: Le Québec emprunte aux Mexicains February 3, 2006 Le Reflet: Le Bloc intensifie sa présence dans Brossard - La Prairie December 24, 2005 La Presse: Un vote comme dans une téléréalité June 19, 2005 Le Devoir: Marois cachait une autre surprise à Landry Septembre 2, 2004 Political consultants from Quebec Boston College alumni Canadian economists People from Montreal Université de Montréal alumni Living people Year of birth missing (living people)

17328790

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20the%20Rain

In the Rain

"In the Rain" is a 1972 soul single, written by Tony Hester. It was released in February 1972 by American the vocal group, The Dramatics, from their first album, Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get. The track is notable for its use of sounds of rain and thunder, first heard before the song's introduction, then throughout the instrumental and chorus sections. Chart performance "In the Rain" reached No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and spent four weeks at No. 1 on the Best Selling Soul Singles chart. It sold over one million copies and is the group's biggest hit. Billboard ranked it as the No. 53 song for 1972. Song background The song's lyrics state that, because of a broken love relationship, the singer wants to go out and stand in the rain so that no one can see him cry. "Once the rain starts falling on my face, You won't see a single trace, Of the tears I'm crying, Because of you I'm crying. Don't want you to see me cry. Let me go, Let me go Let me go!" Chart positions Cover versions Keith Sweat, on his 1987 album Make It Last Forever. The R&B group Xscape, in 1997, from the soundtrack of Love Jones starring Larenz Tate and Nia Long. The smooth jazz artist Boney James, featuring Dwele, on the Shine album in 2006. Sampling The song has been sampled by many hip hop artists such as Wu-Tang Clan, Jadakiss, Big L, and Lil Wayne. As of 2022, music data website WhoSampled lists that it has used in sampling over 90 times. See also List of number-one R&B singles of 1972 (U.S.) References External links 1971 songs 1972 singles The Dramatics songs Stax Records singles

6899502

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary%20Political%20Theory

Contemporary Political Theory

Contemporary Political Theory is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering political theory and philosophy published by Palgrave Macmillan. The editors-in-chief are Terrell Carver (University of Bristol) and Samuel A. Chambers (Johns Hopkins University). External links Political science journals Publications established in 2002 English-language journals Quarterly journals Palgrave Macmillan academic journals

17328792

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20School%2C%20Bangalore

Christ School, Bangalore

Christ School in Bangalore, India is an educational institution run by the Catholic Minority Community with all the rights and privileges granted by the Constitution of India and recognized but un-aided by the Department of Education of Karnataka State. It is run by the fathers of the Congregation of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI) in the Catholic Church through a Registered Body - "Christian Educational Society of Bangalore". The school, with a roll of 3267, is reputed to be one of the largest schools in India. It is associated with Christ University, another CMI institution in Bangalore. The school attracts some of the best faculty given the rich academic and co-curricular environment that prevails in the institution. The school imparts education to students from Kindergarten to Std X in English medium, across the ICSE, CBSE and the State Boards. It is open to all irrespective of religion, caste or community. In honor of the founding father of the CMIs who run the school, the school has a week-long celebration called The Chavara Cultural Festival and Inter School Tournament, to which all the schools in the city are invited. The school conducts flagship events such as the Annual Science Exhibition and provides state-of-the-art facilities in their laboratories (including their Robotics lab). In addition, the students of Christ School regularly participate in multiple Olympiad contests, both at the State and at the National level. Moral and religious instructions are also part and parcel of the curriculum. There is an Ecumenical Prayer Room for the children of all religions to meet and pray. Once in a month there is general prayer service for all non-Catholics (who form the majority) and a Catholic mass for the others. The school owns a fleet of buses for transporting students from different parts of Bangalore. Programs The school has a numerous events throughout. In 2016, for commemorating Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing, Japanese people were invited and a Skype call was held to interact with the Japanese. There is an Annual Day held every year usually in February. Management The school is presently being run by Fr. Nilson until 2024. The principals were: *Note: The year of end of service is calculated per academic year that is June-March. External links Carmelite educational institutions Catholic secondary schools in India Christian schools in Karnataka Primary schools in Karnataka High schools and secondary schools in Bangalore

17328799

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20School

Christ School

Christ School may refer to: Christ School (North Carolina), Arden, North Carolina, USA Christ School, Bangalore, Bangalore, India

23571693

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutland

Rutland

Rutland () is a ceremonial county and unitary authority in the East Midlands, England. The county is bounded to the west and north by Leicestershire, to the northeast by Lincolnshire and the southeast by Northamptonshire. Its greatest length north to south is only and its greatest breadth east to west is . It is the smallest historic county in England and the fourth smallest in the UK as a whole. Because of this, the Latin motto Multum in Parvo or "much in little" was adopted by the county council in 1950. It has the smallest population of any normal unitary authority in England. Among the current ceremonial counties, the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are smaller in area. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area. It is 323rd of the 326 districts in population. The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is Rutland Water, a large artificial reservoir that is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. Rutland's older cottages are built from limestone or ironstone and many have roofs of Collyweston stone slate or thatch. Etymology The origin of the name of the county is unclear. In a 1909 edition of Notes and Queries Harriot Tabor suggested "that the name should be Ruthland, and that there is a part of Essex called the Ruth, and that the ancient holders of it were called Ruthlanders, since altered to Rutland"; however, responses suggest "that Rutland, as a name, was earlier than the Norman Conquest. Its first mention, as "Roteland", occurs in the will of Edward the Confessor; in Domesday it is "the King's soc of Roteland", not being then a shire; and in the reign of John it was assigned as a dowry to Queen Isabella. The northwestern part of the county was recorded as Rutland, a detached part of Nottinghamshire, in Domesday Book; the south-eastern part as the wapentake of Wicelsea in Northamptonshire. It was first mentioned as a separate county in 1159, but as late as the 14th century it was referred to as the 'Soke of Rutland'. Rutlandshire is an archaic and rarely used alternative name. Rutland may be from Old English or "cattle" and "land", as a record from 1128 as Ritelanede shows. However, A Dictionary of British Place-Names by A D Mills gives an alternative etymology, "Rota's land", from the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) personal name and land land. It is from the alternative interpretation of red land that the traditional nickname for a male person from Rutland, a "Raddle Man", derives. History Earl of Rutland and Duke of Rutland are titles in the peerage of England held in the Manners family, derived from the historic county of Rutland. The Earl of Rutland was elevated to the status of Duke in 1703 and the titles were merged. The family seat is Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire. The office of High Sheriff of Rutland was instituted in 1129, and there has been a Lord Lieutenant of Rutland since at least 1559. Oakham Castle was built c.1180–1190 and is "one of the nation’s best-preserved Norman buildings" and is a Grade I listed building. By the time of the 19th century it had been divided into the hundreds of Alstoe, East Rutland, Martinsley, Oakham and Wrandike. Rutland covered parts of three poor law unions and rural sanitary districts (RSDs): those of Oakham, Uppingham and Stamford. The registration county of Rutland contained the entirety of Oakham and Uppingham RSDs, which included several parishes in Leicestershire and Northamptonshire – the eastern part in Stamford RSD was included in the Lincolnshire registration county. Under the Poor Laws, Oakham Union workhouse was built in 1836–37 at a site to the north-east of the town, with room for 100 paupers. The building later operated as the Catmose Vale Hospital, and now forms part of the Oakham School. In 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 the rural sanitary districts were partitioned along county boundaries to form three rural districts. The part of Oakham and Uppingham RSDs in Rutland formed the Oakham Rural District and Uppingham Rural District, with the two parishes from Oakham RSD in Leicestershire becoming part of the Melton Mowbray Rural District, the nine parishes of Uppingham RSD in Leicestershire becoming the Hallaton Rural District, and the six parishes of Uppingham RSD in Northamptonshire becoming Gretton Rural District. Meanwhile, that part of Stamford RSD in Rutland became the Ketton Rural District. Oakham Urban District was created from Oakham Rural District in 1911. It was subsequently abolished in 1974. Rutland was included in the "East Midlands General Review Area" of the 1958–67 Local Government Commission for England. Draft recommendations would have seen Rutland split, with Ketton Rural District going along with Stamford to a new administrative county of Cambridgeshire, and the western part added to Leicestershire. The final proposals were less radical and instead proposed that Rutland become a single rural district within the administrative county of Leicestershire. District of Leicestershire (1974–1997) Rutland became a non-metropolitan district of Leicestershire under the Local Government Act 1972, which took effect on 1 April 1974. The original proposal was for Rutland to be merged with what is now the Melton borough, as Rutland did not meet the requirement of having a population of at least 40,000. The revised and implemented proposals allowed Rutland to be exempt from this. Unitary authority (1997–present) In 1994, the Local Government Commission for England, which was conducting a structural review of English local government, recommended that Rutland become a unitary authority. This was implemented on 1 April 1997, when Rutland County Council became responsible for almost all local services in Rutland, with the exception of the Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service and Leicestershire Police, which are run by joint boards with Leicestershire County Council and Leicester City Council. Rutland regained a separate lieutenancy and shrievalty, and thus also regained status as a ceremonial county. Rutland was a postal county until the Royal Mail integrated it into the Leicestershire postal county in 1974. After a lengthy campaign, and despite counties no longer being required for postal purposes, the Royal Mail agreed to re-create a postal county of Rutland in 2007. This was achieved in January 2008 by amending the former postal county for all of the Oakham (LE15) post town and a small part of the Market Harborough (LE16) post town. Politics and subdivisions Wards As from the May 2019 elections, there are 27 councillors representing 15 wards on Rutland County Council. They represent a mixture of one, two and three-person wards. Parliamentary constituency Rutland formed a Parliamentary constituency on its own until 1918, when it became part of the Rutland and Stamford constituency, along with Stamford in Lincolnshire. Since 1983 it has formed part of the Rutland and Melton constituency along with Melton borough and part of Harborough district from Leicestershire. As of the 2019 general election, Alicia Kearns is the member of parliament for Rutland and Melton, having received 62.6% of the vote. Civil parishes The county comprises 57 civil parishes, which range considerably in size and population, from Martinsthorpe (nil population) to Oakham (10,922 residents in the 2011 census). Demographics The population in the 2011 Census was 37,369, a rise of 8% on the 2001 total of 34,563. This is a population density of 98 people per square kilometre. 2.7% of the population are from ethnic minority backgrounds compared to 9.1% nationally. In terms of religious affiliation, around 68.2% are of Christian faith, with "No religion" being around 22.9%. 0.4% are of Islam faith and other religions at less than 1%. In 2006 it was reported that Rutland has the highest fertility rate of any English county – the average woman having 2.81 children, compared with only 1.67 in Tyne and Wear. In December 2006, Sport England published a survey which revealed that residents of Rutland were the 6th most active in England in sports and other fitness activities. 27.4% of the population participate at least 3 times a week for 30 minutes. In 2012, the well-being report by the Office for National Statistics found Rutland to be the "happiest county" in the mainland UK. Geography The particular geology of the area has given its name to the Rutland Formation which was formed from muds and sand carried down by rivers and occurring as bands of different colours, each with many fossil shells at the bottom. At the bottom of the Rutland Formation is a bed of dirty white sandy silt. Under the Rutland Formation is a formation called the Lincolnshire limestone. The best exposure of this limestone (and also the Rutland Formation) is at the Ketton Cement Works quarry just outside Ketton. Rutland is dominated by Rutland Water, a large artificial lake formerly known as "Empingham Reservoir", in the middle of the county, which is almost bisected by the Hambleton Peninsula. The west part is in the Vale of Catmose. Rutland Water, when construction started in 1971, became Europe's largest man-made lake; construction was completed in 1975, and filling the lake took a further four years. This has been voted Rutland's favourite tourist attraction. The highest point of the county is at Cold Overton Park (historically part of Flitteriss Park) at 197 m (646 ft) above sea level close to the west border (OS Grid reference: SK8271708539). The lowest point is close to the east border, in secluded farmland at North Lodge Farm, northeast of Belmesthorpe, at just 17 m (56 feet) above sea level (OS Grid reference: TF056611122); this corner of the county is on the edge of The Fens and is drained by the West Glen. Rivers River Chater Eye Brook River Gwash River Welland Economy There are 17,000 people of working age in Rutland, of which the highest percentage (30.8%) work in Public Administration, Education and Health, closely followed by 29.7% in Distribution, Hotels and Restaurants and 16.7% in Manufacturing industries. Significant employers include Lands' End in Oakham and the Ketton Cement Works. Other employers in Rutland include two Ministry of Defence bases – Kendrew Barracks (formerly RAF Cottesmore) and St George's Barracks (previously RAF North Luffenham), two public schools – Oakham and Uppingham – and one prison, Stocken. The former Ashwell prison closed at the end of March 2011 after a riot and government review but, having been purchased by Rutland County Council, has now been turned into Oakham Enterprise Park. The county used to supply iron ore to Corby steel works but these quarries closed in the 1960s and early 1970s resulting in the famous walk of "Sundew" (the Exton quarries' large walking dragline) from Exton to Corby, which even featured on the children's TV series Blue Peter. Agriculture thrives with much wheat farming on the rich soil. Tourism continues to grow. The Ruddles Brewery was Langham's biggest industry until it was closed in 1997. Rutland bitter is one of only three UK beers to have achieved Protected Geographical Indication status; this followed an application by Ruddles. When Greene King, the owners of Ruddles, closed the Langham brewery it was unable to take advantage of the registration. However, in 2010 a Rutland Bitter was launched by Oakham's Grainstore Brewery. It is 348th out of 354 on the Indices of Deprivation for England, showing it to be one of the least economically deprived areas in the country. In March 2007, Rutland became only the fourth Fairtrade County. This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of the non-metropolitan county of Leicestershire and Rutland at current basic prices with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling. includes hunting and forestry includes energy and construction includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured Components may not sum to totals due to rounding As far as the NHS is concerned Rutland is generally treated as part of Leicestershire. Transport A small part of the East Coast Main Line passes through Rutland's north-east corner, near Essendine. It was on this stretch that a train pulled by the locomotive Mallard set the world speed record for steam locomotives on 3 July 1938, with a speed of . Rutland was the last county in England without a direct rail service to London (apart from the Isle of Wight and several administrative counties which are unitary authorities). East Midlands Trains started running a single service from Oakham railway station to London St Pancras via Corby on 27 April 2009. Through the Rutland Electric Car Project, Rutland was the first county to offer a county-wide public electric-vehicle charging network. In popular culture Rutland's small size has led to a number of humorous references such as Rutland Weekend Television, a television comedy sketch series hosted by Eric Idle. The county is the supposed home of the parody rock band The Rutles, who first appeared on Rutland Weekend Television. The events in several Peter F. Hamilton books (including Misspent Youth and Mindstar Rising) are situated in Rutland, where the author lives. Adam Croft is writing the Rutland crime series, beginning with What Lies Beneath (2020). Rutland was the last county in England without a McDonald's restaurant. However, in January 2020 a planning application for a McDonald's restaurant on the outskirts of Oakham was approved by the County Council and the restaurant opened on 4 November 2020. Traditions Rutland's traditions include: Letting of the Banks (Whissendine): The Banks are pasture land and the letting traditionally occurs in the third week of March Rush Bearing and Rush Strewing (Barrowden): Reeds are gathered in the church meadow on the eve of St Peter's Day and placed on the church floor (late June, early July) Uppingham Market was granted by Charter in 1281 by Edward I. According to tradition, any royalty or peers passing through Oakham must present a horseshoe to the Lord of the Manor of Oakham. The horseshoe has been Rutland's emblem for hundreds of years. Education Harington School provides post-16 education in the county. Rutland County College closed in 2017. Places of interest Barnsdale Gardens Lyddington Bede House Oakham Castle Rutland County Museum, Oakham Rutland Railway Museum, Ashwell Rutland Water Tolethorpe Hall The Viking Way Rutland Water Nature Reserve See also Flag of Rutland High Sheriff of Rutland List of birds of Leicestershire and Rutland Lord Lieutenant of Rutland Kesteven Parts of Holland Soke of Peterborough References Bibliography External links Rutland County Council Rutland Local History & Record Society Unitary authority districts of England East Midlands Local government districts of the East Midlands Counties of England established in antiquity Counties of England disestablished in 1974 Counties of England established in 1997

17328826

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20E.%20Carter

David E. Carter

David E. Carter is an entrepreneur and writer on graphic design, logo design, and corporate branding. He has written many trademark and logo books and won a number of regional Emmys for his local television productions. Since moving to Sanibel Island, Carter has teamed with Pfeifer Realty Group owner Eric Pfeifer to make several historical documentaries about Sanibel Island including "Sanibel Before the Causeway" and "Postcards and Pictures from Sanibel". References Businesspeople in advertising Living people Year of birth missing (living people)

23571694

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molovata

Molovata

Molovata is a village in Dubăsari District, Moldova. References Villages of Dubăsari District Populated places on the Dniester

17328838

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Martin%20Easterly

Thomas Martin Easterly

Thomas Martin Easterly (October 3, 1809 – March 12, 1882) was a 19th-century American daguerreotypist and photographer. One of the more prominent and well-known daguerreotypists in the Midwest United States during the 1850s, his studio became one of the first permanent art galleries in Missouri. Although his reputation was limited to the Midwest during his lifetime, he is considered to have been one of the foremost experts in the field of daguerreotype photography in the United States during the mid-to-late 19th century. He took the very first known photograph of a lightning bolt in history. Biography Born in Guilford, Vermont, he was the second of five children born to Tunis Easterly and Philomena Richardson. He reportedly came from a poor background, his father being a farmer and part-time shoemaker, and was living away from home at age 11. Around 1830, he was living in St. Lawrence County, New York although little is known of his early years. He began working as itinerant calligrapher and a penmanship teacher traveling throughout Vermont, New Hampshire and New York during the 1830s and 40s. By 1844, he had begun practicing photography taking outdoor photographs of architectural landmarks and scenic sites in Vermont. Among his earliest daguerreotypes, made a decade before outdoor photography was popular or profitable, those of the Winooski and Connecticut rivers are the only known examples to be self-consciously influenced by the romantic landscape paintings of the Hudson River School artists. He was also the first and only daguerreotypist to identify his work using engraved signatures and descriptive captions. In the fall of 1845, Easterly traveled to the Midwest United States and toured the Mississippi River with Frederick F. Webb as representatives of the Daguerreotype Art Union. The two gained some notoriety from their photography of the criminals convicted of the murder of George Davenport in October of that year. Iowa newspapers reported that Easterly and Webb had achieved a "splendid likeness" of the men shortly before their execution. Easterly and Webb continued touring on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers for several months before spending the winter of 1846-47 in Liberty, Missouri. The only known photograph of the first St. Charles Hotel in New Orleans, built to be the world's finest, was taken by Easterly ca. 1847. The following spring, Easterly and Webb went their separate ways with Easterly traveling on his own to St. Louis. He soon became popular for his portraits of prominent residents and visiting celebrities which were displayed in a temporary gallery on Glasgow Row. One of these portraits was that of Chief Keokuk taken March 1847. He also took a daguerreotype of a lightning bolt, one of the first recorded "instantaneous" photographic images, while in St. Louis. This was later recorded in the Iowa Sentinel as an "Astonishing Achievement in Art". Before returning to Vermont in August 1847, the St. Louis Reveille described his as an "unrivaled daguerreotypist". He was brought back to Missouri by John Ostrander, founder of the first daguerreotype gallery in St. Louis, in early 1848. Preparing for an extended "tour of the south", Ostringer asked Easterly to manage his portrait gallery. Esterly would continue running the gallery when Ostringer died a short time later. Many of his unique streetscapes depicting mid-19th-century urban life were taken from the windows of Ostringer's gallery. In June 1850, he married schoolteacher Anna Miriam Bailey and settled in St. Louis permanently. During the 1860s, improvements in photographic development caused daguerreotypes to become out of fashion. Easterly refused to acknowledge these changes believing the highly detailed daguerreotypes were far superior in terms of beauty or permanence urging the public to "save your old daguerreotypes for you will never see their like again". During the next decade, both his health and financial situation worsened. Despite the declining interest for pictures on silver, he was able to maintain his gallery until it burned in a fire in 1865. He was forced to move to a smaller location and continued working in near obscurity until his death in St. Louis on March 12, 1882. He had suffered from a long illness and partial paralysis in his final years and is thought to have been caused by prolonged exposure to mercury, one of the key ingredients used in the daguerreotype process. After his death, his wife sold most of his personal collection to John Scholton, another noted St. Louis photographer. The Scholton family eventually donated the plates to the Missouri Historical Society where they remained for nearly a century before being rediscovered during the 1980s by art scholars studying pre-American Civil War photography. References Further reading Davidson, Carla. "The View from Fourth and Olive". American Heritage 13 (December 1971): 76-91. Guidrey, Gail R. "Long, Fitzgibbon, Easterly, Outley: St. Louis Daguerreans". St. Louis Literary Supplement 1 (November–December 1977): 6-8. Kilgo, Dolores A. Likeness and Landscape: Thomas M. Easterly and the Art of the Daguerreotype. St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, 1994. Van Ravenswaay, Charles. "Pioneer Photographers of St. Louis". Missouri Historical Society Bulletin 10 (October 1953): 49-71. External links Thomas Easterly Collection from Missouri History Museum's Flickr page Easterly Photos in the Missouri History Museum Collections Thomas Easterly Daguerreotypes at the Newberry Library Commercial photographers 1809 births 1882 deaths Artists from St. Louis People from Guilford, Vermont 19th-century American photographers Photographers from Vermont

6899503

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLIME

SLIME

SLIME, the Superior Lisp Interaction Mode for Emacs, is an Emacs mode for developing Common Lisp applications. SLIME originates in an Emacs mode called SLIM written by Eric Marsden. It is developed as an open-source public domain software project by Luke Gorrie and Helmut Eller. Over 100 Lisp developers have contributed code to SLIME since the project was started in 2003. SLIME uses a backend called Swank that is loaded into Common Lisp. SLIME works with the following Common Lisp implementations: CMU Common Lisp (CMUCL) Scieneer Common Lisp Steel Bank Common Lisp (SBCL) Clozure CL (former OpenMCL) LispWorks Allegro Common Lisp CLISP Embeddable Common Lisp (ECL) Armed Bear Common Lisp (ABCL) Some implementations of other programming languages are using SLIME: Clojure JavaScript Kawa, a Scheme implementation GNU R Ruby MIT Scheme Scheme48 There are also clones of SLIME: SOLID for OCaml References External links SLIME project page The birth of SLIME on the cmucl-imp mailing list (August 2003) SLIME presentation by Tobias Rittweiler (2008) Review of SLIME by Andy Wingo Bill Clementson's "Slime Tips and Techniques" - Part 1 (See also Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6, and Part 7) Bill Clementson's "SLIME Refactoring" describes how to set up SLIME Bill Clementson's "Emacs Keymaps and the SLIME scratch buffer Bill Clementson's "CL, Music and SLIME Tutorials" contains a good SLIME tutorial Marco Baringer's (SLIME guru) SLIME setup Marco Baringer's "Editing Lisp Code with Emacs" The slime-devel Archives Up-to-date Swank for MIT/GNU Scheme for use with SLIME CVS Common Lisp (programming language) software Emacs Free software programmed in Lisp Free integrated development environments Scheme (programming language) Public-domain software with source code

17328844

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadim

Tadim

Tadim is a Portuguese parish, located in the municipality of Braga. References Parishes of Braga