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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "In\n\n> これを **使って** ここで動画を作っています\n\ndoes 作っています being in the present progressive tense then force 使って to also be\nin the present progressive? Or would the sentence have to be written as\n\n> これを **使っていて** ここで動画を作っています?\n\nin order for the first verb to in the present progressive?\n\nAlternatively, is 使って is in non-past tense while 作っています is in present\nprogressive tense?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-06T03:23:06.683", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99853", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T16:48:53.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51280", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "て-form" ], "title": "What tense is 使って in これを使ってここで動画を作っています?", "view_count": 109 }

[ { "body": "I’m not sure what exactly you are asking, but the て-form remains unaffected by\nthe tense or aspect of the main clause.\n\n> これを使ってここで動画を作ります。 \n> これを使ってここで動画を作っています。 \n> これを使ってここで動画を作りました。 \n> これを使ってここで動画を作っていました。\n\nThat’s if you want 使って to denote the means by which you make the movies. If\nyou said これを使っていて〜, this relationship would get lost. You would be simply\nconnecting two independent statements in one sentence.\n\n> これを使っていて、ここで動画を作っています。 \n> I’m using this and I’m making the movies here.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-06T05:16:37.857", "id": "99856", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-06T05:16:37.857", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99853", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "～て here is being used moreso with an adverbial/gerundive function (≈ -ing)\n(i.e. the first clause somehow modifies, describes, or is subordinate to the\nsecond), rather than as an \"and\"-type sequential clause connector. As\naguijonazo mentioned in their reply, 使って here indicates means of action (cf.\nthe particle で).\n\n「これを使ってここで動画を作っています。」\n\n\"I make videos here (by means of) using this.\"\n\nAnother example of the same use of 使って would be「ナイフを使ってリンゴを切った」\"I cut the\napple using a knife\" (a translation with \"and\" also works, though note that an\n\"and\" here still wouldn't indicate chronological or logical sequence).\n\nOf course, this isn't limited to just 使う (e.g.「二人は声を揃えて歌い始めた」).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T16:48:53.337", "id": "99870", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T16:48:53.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55494", "parent_id": "99853", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "My intuition says to me that this should be a simple “私が後ろで寝ている木”, or for\ninstance, as a hypothetical example, to express “The knife inside of which I\ncut the meat” opposed to “the knife I cut the meat with” one could use\n“私が肉を中で切るナイフ”. Yet, I can find almost no citations of similar grammatical\nconstructs in Japanese and I can't consciously recall a single case I\nencountered it though I might have. Surely a simple “私が寝ている木” would not be the\nonly option as this cannot express whether one sleeps behind, in front, or\ninside the tree.\n\nI know that in most cases with available context, one would simply say\n“ホームレスが寝ている橋” to mean “a bridge under which a homeless man sleeps” but surely\nthere must be cases where the relative location of the action is not clear\nfrom context and must be disambiguate as well? Do we simply say\n“その橋の下でホームレスが寝ている橋”?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-06T04:24:21.370", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99854", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-06T04:24:21.370", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35937", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "relative-clauses", "ambiguous-relative-clauses" ], "title": "How does one explicitly express “the tree behind which I sleep” and similar things?", "view_count": 71 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "企業のIT部門の新人さん向けのセミナーでの会話ですが、\n\n>\n> 講師：古い時代のWindowsパソコンでは、ノースブリッジ（Northbridge）とサウスブリッジ（Southbridge）という2つのICがあります。\n>\n> 受講者：ノース（北）とサウス（南）って、地図みたいですね。\n>\n> 講師：地図では北が上で南が下であるように、回路図ではノースブリッジが上でサウスブリッジが下に示されます。\n>\n> 受講者：パソコンの向きに上下があるみたいで面白いですね！\n\n最後の受講者からの話はどういう意味ですか？\n\nパソコンはもともと向き（方向？）がないものだと思いますが、どうして上下が指されると（或いはそのICによって、上下が区別できると）、面白くなりますか？", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-06T06:14:25.737", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99857", "last_activity_date": "2023-07-08T05:01:50.230", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "44147", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "reading-comprehension" ], "title": "読解問題、「パソコンの向きに上下があるみたいで面白いですね」とはどういう意味ですか？", "view_count": 169 }

[ { "body": "IT達人ではないけど、答えてみます。講師の話によって、回路図の描き方は地図の描き方と同じで、受講者は面白いと言ったみたいです。\n\n地図を作成するとき、北にあるのは上に書かれ、南にあるのは下に書かれます。ノースブリッジは名前が「ノース」を含めて、北にあると思われてます。なので、回路図を作ると、ノースブリッジは「ノース」（北、だから上）に置かれ、サウスブリッジは地図のように下に置かれます。それが受講者の面白い点かもしれません。\n\nその「面白い」は、回路図は地図のようで面白いのかもしれません。", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T22:12:58.567", "id": "99871", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-08T04:32:32.373", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-08T04:32:32.373", "last_editor_user_id": "39855", "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99857", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "> 恵子は若く美しかった。やつれてはいたが、柔らかい、優しげな雰囲気のままだった。\n\nI'm struggling to understand how 若く is being used. Is it used like an adverb\nfor 美しかった?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-06T09:33:11.517", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99858", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-06T19:22:00.463", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-06T19:22:00.463", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "55492", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "adverbs", "i-adjectives" ], "title": "The meaning of 若く in this sentence", "view_count": 93 }

[ { "body": "～く is the 連用形 for an い adjective. As has been covered on this site before, the\n連用形 can be used conjunctively to join separate clauses. 'Keiko was young, and\n[she was] beautiful.' The 連用形 is more formal to use for this purpose than the\nて form, and it might just be me, but I feel 若くて美しい has more of an implication\nthat she's beautiful _because_ she's young.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-06T12:42:50.683", "id": "99860", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-06T12:42:50.683", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "99858", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99861", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I came across a new word for me, 問{と}う (to ask, to inquire). I looked it up in\nthe dictionary and it appears to be of a special class according to jisho.org.\n[Other verbs listed under this\ncategory](https://jisho.org/search/%23words%20%23v5u-s) are 乞う,給う and 恋う.\n\nI guess there might be some special conjugation rules that apply to this \"u\nspecial class\" of verbs, in a similar fashion to the special class of suru\nverbs (see [this related\nQA](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56257/what-are-the-special-\nclass-suru-verbs-on-the-jisho-dictionary)).\n\nBy looking at some example sentences I found out that the conjugation indeed\ndiffers from that of regular u verbs in the particular case of the past form:\n\n> 彼は僕にいろいろのことを問{と} **う** た (〇)\n\n> 彼は僕にいろいろのことを問{と} **っ** た (×)\n\nbut I couldn't find more detailed information in how to conjugate this kind of\nverbs.\n\nBesides conjugations, do the so called u special class verbs differ in any\nother aspect from regular u ending verbs?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-06T10:45:04.067", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99859", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-06T14:23:03.890", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-06T10:56:01.780", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "32952", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "verbs", "conjugations" ], "title": "How do the \"Godan verb with u ending (special class)\" verbs differ from regular u ending verbs?", "view_count": 149 }

[ { "body": "Making simple what is explained in the following link, the answer is that\nthere are no rules but there are two groups of ワア行五段1 verbs, the one\nconjugating with 促音便 and the other with ウ音便.\n\n * [「厭うて」か「厭って」か](https://www.asahi-net.or.jp/%7EQM4H-IIM/ktb019.htm)\n\nNormally ワア行五段 verbs conjugates with 促音便 when connecting to て/た. E.g., 買う→買\n**っ** て, 食う→食 **っ** て.\n\nThere is the other group of verbs that conjugates with ウ音便 instead of 促音便. The\nverbs in question fall in this category. There are some fluctuations, as\nmentioned in the above\n\n> 「乞う」「問う」は「乞うて」「問うて」でいいとしても、ほかは「厭うて」か「厭って」か、どちらを使うか迷うところです\n\nTo me 彼は僕にいろいろのことを問うた is somewhat odd as a standalone sentence even if it's\ngrammatically fine. The point is that most of the verbs in question are\narchaic and need appropriate collocations/contexts etc.\n\nAt the same time, you can hear instances of those in modern conversation. Just\ntwo that come to my mind.\n\n * 言うても works like _that said, in spite of everything_. Normally 言う conjugates with 促音便(i.e., 言って). 言うても is (perhaps a bit slangy and) equivalent to そうは言っても. E.g. 言うても1万円は高い _With all the good things about the product, 10000 yen is expensive (for that)_.\n * Kansai dialect uses 買{こ}うて instead of 買って.\n\n* * *\n\n1 ワア行五段: Godan verbs with the conjugating part being わいうえお like 問 **わ** ない, 問\n**い** ます, 問 **う**...", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-06T14:23:03.890", "id": "99861", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-06T14:23:03.890", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99859", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "In Birdie Wing, Eve is being led blindfolded to a golf match that she has to\ndo to settle a mafia dispute. While being explained this absurd premise, she\nsays something in Japanese which is translated as \"Sounds like something out\nof a B.D.\". [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SHTzq.jpg)\nHere's a video version of the line being said:\n<https://files.catbox.moe/obd7gc.mp4>\n\nTo me, it sounds like she's saying \"だからゴルフで決着？まるでベデね。\"\n\nAnyways, can anyone translate what \"B.D.\" (or whatever is being said here)\nmeans? The only explanation I can think of is \"Bluray DVD\" (e.g. a movie), but\nthat sounds like a stretch >.<.", "comment_count": 13, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T05:22:57.090", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99862", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T08:20:10.407", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "words", "slang", "loanwords", "anime", "listening" ], "title": "What does \"B.D.\" mean here? (Birdie Wing)", "view_count": 116 }

[ { "body": "Thanks to aguijonazo for helping me find the answer.\n\nベデ / ベーデー is short for the french expression [Bande\ndessinée](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e), which basically\nmeans comic. According to\n[https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/バンドデシネ/](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%87%E3%82%B7%E3%83%8D/):\nit's essentially used to in the same way 漫画っぽい (like a manga) might be used,\nto poke at how \"story-like\" something might be.\n\nAs for whether this expression is at all common, I don't know, and hopefully\nsomeone else can clarify that point.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T08:20:10.407", "id": "99864", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T08:20:10.407", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "parent_id": "99862", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99866", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I hope this question is not a duplicate and it belongs here. I wanted to ask\nas simple question about particle や (ya) and と (to) which was used in a\ntranslation from an Arabic text.\n\nHere's the Arabic text:\n\n> اِنَّمَا الۡحَيٰوةُ الدُّنۡيَا لَعِبٌ وَّلَهۡوٌ It's quoted from the Qur'an\n> chapter 47 verse 36.\n\nHere's the transliteration:\n\n> innamalhayaatuddunyaa la'ibun wa lahwun\n\nHere's the English translation:\n\n> [This] worldly life is only amusement and diversion.\n\nHere's the Japanese translation by Ryoichi Mita:\n\n> この世の生活は，（一時の）遊びや戯れに過ぎない。\n\nIn the Japanese translation, the particle \"ya\" was used for the list. However,\nas you can see from the transliteration, the Arabic text starts with \"innamaa\"\nwhich indicates a list with **limited** items. So based on my current\nunderstanding of Japanese, the particle \"to\" should be used instead of \"ya\".\nIs that correct or is there another rule regarding the use of \"ya\" and \"to\"\nthat I'm not aware of?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T08:08:01.410", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99863", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T09:23:53.433", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50011", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "particle-と", "particle-や" ], "title": "Should I use や or と for إِنَّمَا?", "view_count": 711 }

[ { "body": "I am completely unfamliar with the underlying Quranic text. But や seems\nabsolutely appropriate in this context. A great way to think about it is \"AやB\"\n= \"things such as A and B\".\n\nIf I'm not mistaken, the original text isn't saying \"This wordly life is\namusement and diversion and nothing else\". It's moreso saying something like\n\"This worldly life is amusement and diversion and such\".\n\nTo conclude, と would primarily be used when you're referring to specific\nthings, and nothing else. Whereas や can be used to mean things \"of a sort\",\nand you're only pointing out a few examples.\n\nAs an example, it's like if I wanted to say \"Humans normally feel things like\nlove and anger\". I obviously don't mean for \"love\" and \"anger\" to be an\nexhaustive list. I mean that there's a greater list/concept, and I'm just\npointing out \"love\" and \"anger\" in particular. So in this case, one should use\n\"愛や怒り\" (ai ya ikari), not \"愛と怒り\" (ai to ikari).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T09:21:19.437", "id": "99865", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T09:21:19.437", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "parent_id": "99863", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "I don’t know Arabic and therefore can’t tell which better conveys the nuance\nof the original. So, I will answer about how I take the Japanese translation\nand its alternative with と.\n\n> この世の生活は，（一時の）遊び **と** 戯れに過ぎない。\n\nThis is fine but sounds a bit like この世の生活 is both 遊び **and** 戯れ at the same\ntime. However, if I understand correctly, 遊び and 戯れ, or amusement and\ndiversion, basically refer to one same thing said in two different ways. や\nkind of blurs this two-thing-ness.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T09:23:53.433", "id": "99866", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T09:23:53.433", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99863", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm having trouble parsing the following example sentence from an online\nJapanese-English dictionary:\n\n> 女性はレスリングは好まないが男性はふつうに好きだ。\n\nCan someone explain to me how to make sense of the sentence? I'm having\ntrouble understanding the sentence structure with the wa and ga particles\nthrown all over the sentence.\n\nWhat other example sentences/daily conversation example where such usage of\ndouble/triple wa can be found?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T09:35:24.640", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99867", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T09:46:37.363", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56705", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-は", "particle-が" ], "title": "Double/Triple 'wa' particles in a sentence", "view_count": 82 }

[ { "body": "The sentence puts 女性 and 男性 in contrast with each other with two は’s.\n\n> 女性 **は** レスリングは好まないが、男性 **は** ふつうに好きだ。\n\nThe は after レスリング implicitly puts wrestling in contrast with other sports\nwomen might like. Replacing it with を would remove this sense of contrast.\n\n> 女性はレスリング **を** 好まないが、男性はふつうに好きだ。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T09:46:37.363", "id": "99868", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T09:46:37.363", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99867", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "What is the difference between \"shitaku suru\", \"junbi suru\" and \"youi suru\"?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T11:29:52.277", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99869", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-07T11:29:52.277", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "verbs" ], "title": "\"shitaku suru\", \"junbi suru\" and \"youi suru\"?", "view_count": 69 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "So I was reading [What's the difference between でしょうか and ですか at the end of a\nquestion?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12977/whats-the-\ndifference-\nbetween-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B-and-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B-at-\nthe-end-of-a-question) and I roughly know that でしょうか means, but what exactly\nis でしょうか trying to convery in the title?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-07T23:56:29.463", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99872", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-08T03:20:38.867", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55638", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "word-choice" ], "title": "大丈夫ですか vs 大丈夫でしょうか", "view_count": 130 }

[ { "body": "大丈夫ですか is directly asking if whoever/whatever you are talking about is 大丈夫. It\nassumes that the listener _knows the answer_. Depending on the topic, it's\nusually translated as \"Are you all right?\", \"Is he okay?\", \"Is this safe?\",\nand so on.\n\n大丈夫でしょうか is more like \"I wonder if you'll be okay\", \"Will he be\nokay/successful?\", \"I'm not sure if this is safe\", and so on. It assumes that\nthere is some uncertainty about the 大丈夫-ness of the topic, and even the\nlistener may not know the answer.\n\nBecause the future is fundamentally more uncertain, 大丈夫でしょうか tends to be used\nwhen discussing future events. However, even for a current situation, if there\nis uncertainty, you should say 大丈夫でしょうか. Conversely, even when it's about a\nfuture event, if you're asking about something that the listener definitely\nknows, you use 大丈夫ですか.\n\n* * *\n\nFor example, if you see a person on the street who has stumbled, you need to\nsay 大丈夫ですか (\"Are you all right?\") to them because they should know if they are\nokay. If you heard that your colleague had an accident and is in surgery, you\nsay 大丈夫でしょうか to other colleagues because they should be equally uncertain.\n\nSuppose you are standing in front of a machine that looks dangerous. If you\nask (これは)大丈夫ですか, it means that you expect that the listener can assure you\nthat it is safe. If you ask 大丈夫でしょうか in the same situation, it means that you\nare thinking even the listener may not know if it's really safe.\n\nSuppose you are talking to your colleague who is going to take a difficult\nexam next week. If you say 大丈夫ですか, you're basically asking if he is confident\n(he knows the answer). But 大丈夫でしょうか implies you're worried if he will be\nsuccessful regardless of his current confidence level (he does not know the\nanswer).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-08T02:19:42.923", "id": "99873", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-08T03:20:38.867", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-08T03:20:38.867", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99872", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99875", "answer_count": 1, "body": "From \"銀の匙\":\n\n> 国では伯母さん夫婦の人のいいのにつけこんで困った者はもとより、困りもしない者までが困った困ったといって金を借りにくると自分たちの食べるものに\n> **事をかいて** までも貸してやるので、...\n\nSo I can understand the first half of the sentence just fine, but the \"事をかいて\"\npart confuses me quite a bit.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-08T05:30:10.677", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99874", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T06:01:38.803", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43593", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "What does \"事をかいて\" mean in this sentence?", "view_count": 110 }

[ { "body": "事を欠く is actually a set phrase. Here is the entry for 事を欠く on\n[コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BA%8B%E3%82%92%E6%AC%A0%E3%81%8F-502883).\nThe first definition in 日本国語大辞典 is:\n\n> ① それがなくて不自由する。不足する。 \n> 1. To be inconvenienced by the lack of something. To not have enough of\n> something.\n\nSo, this part of your sentence sentence means:\n\n> 食べるものに事をかいてまでも貸してやるので \n> she lends them money even if it means we will struggle to feed ourselves.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-08T05:43:21.777", "id": "99875", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T06:01:38.803", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-14T06:01:38.803", "last_editor_user_id": "40856", "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "99874", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99878", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In the sentence:\n\n> 姫様を助けてあげてください\n\nThe recipient of あげて is 姫様. So can I use 姫様に to explicitly imply the recipient\nand omit the object of 助けて (姫様を) and does the following sentence make sense?\n\n> 姫様に助けてあげてください", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-09T02:49:00.433", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99876", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-09T13:24:53.590", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-09T13:24:53.590", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "56516", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "particles" ], "title": "Can I substitute を with に in this sentence?", "view_count": 90 }

[ { "body": "No, you can't. The particle must agree with the main verb 助ける, not the\nsubsidiary あげる.", "comment_count": 9, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-09T04:14:42.420", "id": "99878", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-09T04:14:42.420", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99876", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99879", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Can 見る be used rather than 言う in this context？\n\nWhy is this written:\n\n> 「なぜ止まったんだ」と僕を見ました。\n\n_Short Stories in Japanese for Intermediate Learners_ by Olly Richards, page\n22\n\nI would maybe have expected this:\n\n> 「なぜ止まったんだ」と僕を言いました。\n\nIt’s odd to say that I **saw** him saying something, unless the implication is\nhe **seemed** to be saying something?", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-09T03:53:16.877", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99877", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T01:59:47.207", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-10T01:59:47.207", "last_editor_user_id": "5464", "owner_user_id": "56727", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "word-usage", "particle-と" ], "title": "Can と見る be used instead of と言う", "view_count": 218 }

[ { "body": "The interpretation is:\n\n> He looked at me, asking 'Why have we stopped?'\n\nrather than\n\n> I saw him saying 'Why have we stopped'?\n\nと in this instance is specifying the manner in which the other person looked\nat the speaker — it's a bit weird to think of direct speech as indicating a\nway of doing something (as if it were \"He looked at me in a 'Why have we\nstopped' way\" in English), but I interpret と here as being similar to\nexpressions such as:\n\n> ドアがバタンと閉まった。 \n> The door closed with a bang.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-09T05:47:54.773", "id": "99879", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-09T05:47:54.773", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "99877", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99883", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> ハリーはその子の鼻の頭がまだ汚れた **まま** なのに気づいた。 \n> Harry noticed that end of the boy's nose was still dirty.\n\nI continue to be confused by まま. Why is it needed in this sentence? I know the\nbroad idea that something is left in a certain state, but isn't まだ performing\nthat duty here?\n\nCan I omit ままな from this sentence? If not, why not? How would it change the\nmeaning?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-09T14:57:27.670", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99881", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-09T15:57:23.507", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Seemingly redundant use of まま", "view_count": 61 }

[ { "body": "To describe the same situation without まま, you would say:\n\n> ハリーはその子の鼻の頭がまだ汚れ **ている** のに気づいた。\n\nThere is nothing wrong with this sentence. As you say, we can tell from まだ\nthat the nose was in the same state earlier. However, it doesn’t quite say it\nhas remained that way all this time. It’s more like a snapshot of the current\nstate with a hint that it was like that earlier, too.\n\nまま makes it explicit that the nose has been **left** in that state. So much so\nthat I feel the following sentence with まま but without まだ is closer to the\noriginal sentence with both in it than the sentence above without まま is to\neither.\n\n> ハリーはその子の鼻の頭が汚れた **まま** なのに気づいた。\n\nSo if anything is redundant, it would be まだ, which is an adverb after all. An\naspect marker is more powerful than an adverb in describing an aspect. But まだ\nserves the function of adding emphasis as a good adverb.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-09T15:57:23.507", "id": "99883", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-09T15:57:23.507", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99881", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99892", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> ロンがハリーに興味を **持ったと同じぐらい** 、ハリーもロンに関心を持った。 \n> Harry was interested in Ron just as much as Ron was interested in Harry.\n\nIs it grammatical to have と同じぐらい after a verb? I would have expected to see a\nnominaliser (の) inserted. Presumably this is the usual と that comes with 同じ,\nwhich marks the thing to be compared against, rather than either of the と\nwhich I would expect to see with a verb (quote/conditional).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-09T15:31:22.860", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99882", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T15:15:02.430", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-と", "comparative-constructions" ], "title": "Is verb + と同じくらい grammatical", "view_count": 75 }

[ { "body": "Grammatically correct or not, searching on\n[shonagon](https://clrd.ninjal.ac.jp/bccwj/) gives a few result without の.\nSearching with の gives about x2 results, so you can be assured that verb + の +\nと同じくらい is more common. In the below samples, の can always be inserted.\n\n> ひとりでいることは、自分の身体の半分がもぎ取られ **たと** 同じくらいの痛みがあるのです - 唯川恵 彼女は恋を我慢できない 1995\n>\n> 冬に戻っ **たと** 同じくらい寒かったです。- Yahooブログ\n>\n> 私はきっと海賊が宝の山を発見し **たと** 同じくらいに喜んだのだと思います - 元加津子 たんぽぽの仲間たち 1996\n\n* * *\n\nThere may be several explanations though I'm not sure if any of them is valid.\nThe absence of の is a kind of things native speakers would just pass without\nmuch thinking.\n\n 1. It is an error by confusion with other constructions. For example, there's も同然 which I think comes more often without の.\n\n * 犯罪を犯したも同然 - の can be inserted, but less frequently.\n\n 2. の is just omitted from のと同じくらい\n\n 3. と plays the double role of nominalizer and comparison particle. Technically it should be とと, which is of course impossible and contracted.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T15:15:02.430", "id": "99892", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T15:15:02.430", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99882", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I was looking at a jisho.org example sentence for [軽]{かる}い, and I was a bit\nconfused about **[重]{おも}たそう**.\n\n> えりのスーツケースは **[重]{おも}たそう** だが、[実際]{じっさい}はとても[軽]{かる}い。 \n> Although Eri's suitcase looks heavy, it's actually very light.\n\nI figured out that そう was for \"looking like,\" but the た confused me... I then\nlearned that [重]{おも}たい is just another form of [重]{おも}い. During my research, I\nfound another adjective like this from a Maggie Sensei lesson:\n[眠]{ねむ}い／[眠]{ねむ}たい.\n\nSo now I'm wondering two things:\n\n 1. What are the differences between the adjectives ending in い and たい?\n 2. Do all i-adjectives have such a pair?\n\nThank you.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-09T22:41:26.817", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99884", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T15:03:10.240", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56731", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "word-choice" ], "title": "Putting た in i-adjectives?", "view_count": 70 }

[ { "body": "1. I can only answer based on your examples, but, at least for them, I think the \"ta\"-versions emphasize that the property (e.g. heavy) is \"a problem\", i.e. is something \"negative\" (=omotai since it's hard to carry), so most likely that is valid also for other similar ones, assuming they exist.\n\n 2. No, far from all, I think they are very rare. Omotai is used often. IMHO nemutai a lot less. At least now I can't come up with other examples.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T15:03:10.240", "id": "99891", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T15:03:10.240", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34261", "parent_id": "99884", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99926", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I am having some difficulty understand のに in some context cases such as\n\n * のにいい\n * のにかかる\n * のに便利\n\nI understand that のに has two grammar points\n\n * in order to\n * despite, but\n\nAnd after reading several questions asked here, this grammar points breaks\ndown in to the nominalizer の + に for an action towards the previous section.\n\nI spent an hour with my tutor on this one specific point, and I can somewhat\nunderstand Aのに時間がかかる as in \"in order for A to happen it takes time\". However I\nam lost on のにいい/便利 and other such 評価 adjectives. Would it be possible to try\nand explain how のに interacts with these words?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-09T23:58:09.720", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99885", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T11:23:29.537", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-10T00:23:40.793", "last_editor_user_id": "56732", "owner_user_id": "56732", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Trouble understanding のに in cases such as のにいい", "view_count": 98 }

[ { "body": "You can try to think of it as roles. All nouns in a sentence play some role.\nFor example, in a sentence like \"she told the secret to her friend\", we have\nthe person doing it, the content of her saying and person to whom she tells.\nIn Japanese we show it by particles like が, を and に.\n\nSo when we want to say something like \"it's convenient (to do something)\",\nthis \"to do something\" has to be somehow marked/attached. It's not the person,\nand not the target/content of our action, so neither が or を would fit it. This\nis more or less why it's used with に. And this connection doesn't always fit\nthe same description. In case of any kind of movement or transfer, it's often\ndescribed as destination/source, depending on direction. This can be stretched\nto existence too, we can say that something exist somewhere, some related to\nour action place. And in case of 便利 it's so too, but it would be odd to say\nthat in a sentence like \"this dictionary is convenient for looking things up\"\n\"looking up\" is a destination/source of convenience. We might, but it would be\nquite shadowy and unclear.\n\nThis is more or less so for many other particles too. There are roles for a\ntheme (は), means (で), and many others. This の is simply added to turn verbs\ninto nouns, otherwise we wouldn't be able to attach a particle like に.\nHowever, it's probably important to mention that sometimes people leave such の\ncompletely and you can find sentences like 想像するに難くない.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T11:15:49.380", "id": "99926", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T11:23:29.537", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-12T11:23:29.537", "last_editor_user_id": "41989", "owner_user_id": "41989", "parent_id": "99885", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99887", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In this anime at second 0:38 the main character is justifying why he accepted\na fight. <https://animelon.com/video/57a81215b9de7414d1ea082d>\n\nIn the context of the situation it sounds like he is saying something along\nthe lines of: I was carried by the emotion of the moment. or I didn't think\nabout it back then.\n\nHowever, all the translations I find on the internet are something along the\nlines of \"tit for tat\".\n\nCan you please explain how that fits in this context? Or maybe there is a more\nnuanced meaning to this?\n\nAlso, do you have a nice explanation how \"The sold word becomes the bought\nword\" makes the jump to \"tit for tat\"?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T01:31:22.633", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99886", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T02:16:36.907", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55767", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "nuances", "idioms", "anime", "context" ], "title": "「売り言葉に買い言葉」について", "view_count": 77 }

[ { "body": "The literal meaning of 売り言葉に買い言葉 is \"Seller's words and buyer's words\" or\n\"Seller's language comes with buyer's language\". For the function of this に,\nsee [why に can mean \"and\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/49038/5010).\n\nThis describes the fact that both parties naturally use a strong tone of voice\nbecause they want to be equal to each other and avoid losing money. As an\nidiom, it refers to an attitude such as \"If you are provoked, provoke back in\nthe same way\" or \"Respond to abuse with something equal\". Here, he is saying\nhe argued back almost unintentionally on the 売り言葉に買い言葉 basis.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T01:57:24.920", "id": "99887", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T02:16:36.907", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-10T02:16:36.907", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99886", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99889", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In French, there is a verb \"re **trouver** \" (literally \"re- **find** \", or \"\n**find** again\") which means \"find something that you lost and were searching\nfor\" (there the meaning \"re-\"/\"again\" is expressed by the morph \"re-\").\n\nHow do we express this term in Japanese?\n\nDo we still use the verb 見つける _mitsukeru_ 'to find'?\n\nAn example sentence would be \"Mary is happy, she finally **found** the key\n(she was looking for since she lost it)\".\n\nIn French, the part in parenthesis could be ommitted if the word \"retrouver\"\n('re-find') is used instead of \"trouver ('find'), since the meaning expressed\nin the part in parenthesis is expressed by the morph \"re-\".", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T09:09:01.337", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99888", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T10:50:48.347", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-10T09:21:07.370", "last_editor_user_id": "41663", "owner_user_id": "41663", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "words" ], "title": "How to say \"find again\" in Japanese?", "view_count": 287 }

[ { "body": "Usually we don't make the distinction:\n\n> 花子は（なくしたので探していた）鍵を見つけて喜んでいる．\n\n(cf. 「道を歩いていたら魔法の鍵を見つけた」where the key isn't your belongings.)\n\nFor finding an item you lost previously, you can use （物が）出てくる, which is also a\ncommon phrase.\n\n> 花子は，なくした鍵が出てきたので，喜んでいる．\n\nNote that the concept of 出てくる is appearing. If you had lost something and it\nappeared afterwards, you re-found it. Other usages include\n\n> (2) 会社の棚の整理をしていたらこの本が出てきたんだけど，誰のかわからない． (I found this book [this book came\n> out] when I was organising the shelves at work, and I have no idea whose\n> book it is.)\n\nSlightly irrelevant, there's also 再発見する in the line of re-discover (a concept\nor an idea, et cetra)\n\n> 手作りの品の良さを再発見する．\n\n> (wrong) *なくした鍵を再発見した．", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T10:50:48.347", "id": "99889", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T10:50:48.347", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4223", "parent_id": "99888", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "俺に信頼しきった眼差しに子供時代を思い出す\n\nWhat exact function do に を serve here together?\n\n\"His gaze full of trust toward me reminds me of my childhood\"?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T10:56:11.353", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99890", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T05:24:44.660", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55492", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "particle-に", "particle-を" ], "title": "Usage of に を (not を　に)", "view_count": 77 }

[ { "body": "That を is a normal usage as the object marker. 子供時代 is the direct object of\nthe verb 思い出す. The speaker remembers his childhood.\n\nThe に after 眼差し is somewhat literary. It is used for something that triggers a\ncertain emotion in the agent (or _doer_ ) of the verb. It’s related to\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/95996/43676). In this particular\ncase, the gaze reminds the speaker of his childhood.\n\nThe に after 俺 seems wrong to me. It should be を.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T05:09:53.940", "id": "99918", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T05:24:44.660", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-12T05:24:44.660", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99890", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99897", "answer_count": 1, "body": "最近、「示唆」という言葉を学びました。意味的にsuggestionという意味だそうですが、「助言」と同じ意味ではないでしょうか。それぞれのニュアンス何ですか。\n\nその違いが分かるように色々な例文を探してみました:\n\n> **助言** を受ける人。 \n> \n> 彼の **助言** は非常に役立つ。 \n> \n> 牧師としての **助言** 。\n\n> この結果はそのような可能性を **示唆** している。 \n> \n> 解決すべき課題の **示唆** 。 \n> \n> その提案は **示唆** に富んでいる。\n\nその例文を参考にして、次の点に気が付きました:\n\n 1. 「言」の漢字が含むので、確かに「助言」は人が言ってるものです。\n 2. 「示唆」も人が言ってるアドバイス時も使えるかもしれませんが、それ以外も使うことがあります。\n 3. 「示唆」はimplication, hint, sign、すなわち、結果や実験で何か事実あることも表します。\n\n合ってますか。「助言」と「示唆」の使い分けを教えていただけませんか。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T16:15:28.390", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99893", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T07:56:13.450", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "32952", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "word-choice", "synonyms" ], "title": "「助言」と「示唆」はどう違いますか。", "view_count": 115 }

[ { "body": "質問者の考えておられる通りで，例文も良いものを集めておられると思います．\n\n国語辞書をひいてみると，次のとおり説明されています．\n\n * 助言 \n * かたわらから言葉を添えて助けること．また，その言葉．（広辞苑）\n * かたわらからことばを添えて助けること．また，そのことば．（精選版日本国語大辞典）\n * わきから役に立つような言葉を添えて助けること．また，そのことば．（明鏡）\n * 助けになるような意見や言葉を，そばから言ってやること．また，その言葉．（デジタル大辞泉）\n * 示唆 \n * それとなく気づかせること．また暗にそそのかすこと．（広辞苑）\n * 他の物事によって，それとなく教え示すこと．また，その教え．（精選版日本国語大辞典）\n * それとなく教え示すこと．ほのめかすこと．（明鏡）\n * それとなく知らせること．ほのめかすこと．（デジタル大辞泉）\n\nこの通り，助言は，誰かが言葉で，例えば人にこうするといいよと教えて，助けることを意味します．実験の結果のおかげで次に考えるべきことが明らかになっても，それは結果から助言されたとは言いません（擬人化していない限りは）．また，誰かが態度で何かを教えてくれる時も，普通は助言とは言わないと思います．Advice\nが近いです．\n\n一方，示唆は，(1) はっきり言葉で示すとは限らない，(2) 助けることよりも示すことに重点がある，ことに違いがあると思います．\n\n 1. 人が何かを「示唆する」という場合は，直接的でなく何かを述べる，という意味であることが多いです．\n\n * ニュースで，[中国が対抗措置を示唆](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20230403/k10014028041000.html) したというときは，具体的にこのようにするという声明ではなくて，もう少し抽象的に（「黙って見過ごすことなく断固とした対応をとる」）予告しています．また，助けるニュアンスはありません．\n * たとえば，「〇〇先生には研究にあたって多くの貴重な示唆をいただきました」という文では，具体的な指示ではなく，ヒントをもらったりして自分の考えを進められた，ということです．「助言」を使っても良いですが，強いて使い分けるとしたら，助言のほうが具体的な内容ということになるかもしれません．\n\n 2. 物が何かを「示唆する」という場合は，おっしゃるとおり，結果からなにかの事実や可能性が，直接的でなくても示されるということです． 挙げておられる， imply, hint, signify, が近いと思います．上に書いた辞書の定義はこちらをあまり重視していないように見えますが，普通に使う表現です．\n\n * 確定的に明らかなことには使いません．例えば，ある実験結果から，より大きな仮説が支持されそうなときにはそれを「示唆する」と言えますし，油が水に浮くことがわかったので油の比重が水より軽いことが示唆される，といっても良いが，水の比重と油の比重を実際に測定したときに，油のほうが軽いと示唆された，とは言わないと思います．また，頑張って計算したところ，54824*43531 が 2386543544 であると示唆される，とは言いません．\n\n 3. こうした意味を含めて，「Aが直接示すわけではないが，Aから考えられる色々なこと」を指すことがあります．示唆に富む，などはこうした表現です．\n\nじつは， suggest の方も，辞書を引くと概ね2つにわけて説明されることが多いようです．Oxford dictionary of Engilsh\n(電子辞書に入っているもので，詳しい版はわかりませんが)\n\nSugggest:\n\n 1. [reporting verb] put forward for consideration\n 2. [with obj.] cause one to think that (something) exists or is the case\n\nこのうち 1. が助言や提案にちかく， 2. が示唆に近い，といえます．", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T07:19:41.150", "id": "99897", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T07:56:13.450", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-11T07:56:13.450", "last_editor_user_id": "4223", "owner_user_id": "4223", "parent_id": "99893", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99920", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Dictionaries unanimously describe 訳 as an 頭高型 word: わけ{HL}\n\nHowever, oftentimes when 訳 immediately follows a downstep-type verb, I don't\nhear any drop at all. That is to say, phrases like なるわけ sound like なるわけ{HLLL}\nto me. On the other hand, when following a flat-type verb, I think I generally\nhear it: 寝るわけ = ねるわけ{LHHL}\n\nThis is quite reminiscient to me of what happens to the pitch of こと when it\nfollows a downstep-type verb, namely it \"loses\" its own pitch accent pattern\nand just stays low (more\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/66619/pitch-accent-of-\nnominalizers)).\n\nIs my perception correct? Are なるわけ{HLLL} and ねるわけ{LHHL} the only permissible\npitch accent patterns in Standard Japanese?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T16:33:32.653", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99894", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T06:27:10.357", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-10T22:27:05.377", "last_editor_user_id": "56734", "owner_user_id": "56734", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "pitch-accent" ], "title": "Pitch accent of 訳(わけ) when immediately following a verb", "view_count": 159 }

[ { "body": "Yes, your observation is correct. As in the case of こと, わけ is also a 形式名詞\n(formal noun), which is used as an abstract function word in the weak form\nthat depends on the accent of the previous word it attaches to. When the main\nword is already accented, わけ then receives no more accent.\n\n> 私が先生に[なるわけが]{HLLLL}ない。 \n> 私が電車で[寝るわけが]{LHHLL}ない。\n\nBut of course, when わけ is a full word that retains its meaning, it is\naccentuated in its own right.\n\n> 私が大統領に[なる]{HL}[わけ]{HL} _the reason why I will be a president_", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T06:27:10.357", "id": "99920", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T06:27:10.357", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "99894", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I tend to hear this word a lot in anime, especially ones like Naruto. But\nthere's little information on how it is used in conversation. According to\nJisho, it means technique, art, skill and move with \"technique\" appearing to\nbe the most prevalent meaning in most contexts.\n\nSo my question is how would it be used in conversation? ( _Apologies if the\nquestion feels vague_ , but one example should do it)\n\nAlso, is it formal or not and how does it differ from other similar words such\nas 手法, 技法, 技巧, 技術, and 術?\n\nThanks in advance.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-10T17:27:17.520", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99895", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-10T17:27:17.520", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56460", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "meaning", "word-choice", "words", "word-usage" ], "title": "Usage of the word 技 (わざ) as well as similar words meaning \"Technique\"", "view_count": 54 }

[]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100100", "answer_count": 2, "body": "────アキバからの帰り道のことだった。\n\nIt was on the way home from Akiba.\n\nWould the \"だった\" here cover both grouping everything that came before it and\nmaking it past tense?\n\n\"のこと\" seems to generally translate to \"(things) about ____\", which I can't\nseem to translate naturally to English here. Is this an example where there's\nno good English equivalent and it's best to think of it just in terms of\nJapanese, or am I misunderstanding how ~のことだった is being used?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T04:37:19.450", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99896", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-27T04:08:53.737", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56572", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Any meaning lost by not translating~のこと in this sentence?", "view_count": 185 }

[ { "body": "As far as I know こと doesn't really have a translation in such sentences. But\nthere is something lost here as the sentence would work with and without the\nこと. The difference would be the emphasis and range.\n\nA good explanation about range can be found in\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2216/41223) answer by Ento.\n\nWithout the こと you are talking specifically and only about the 「アキバからの帰り道」-\nthe way home from Akihabara. With the こと you are talking about the whole\nexperience of the way home from Akihabara - the train station, the tracks, the\nview, the walkways and everything that comes along.\n\nSo without the こと that might imply that whatever it was, it was RIGHT on your\nway home from Akihabara but with こと the implication is that it was SOMEWHERE\nin the vicinity of your way home from Akihabara. This notion is usually lost\nin translation.\n\nYou could force the English translation to reflect that by saying: \"It was\nsomewhere in the vicinity of the way home from Akibahara\" but that is somewhat\nunnatural and cumbersome in English.\n\nThere is [this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoP6sFyTsIk) video by Cure\nDolly that might help (Disclaimer: Haven't seen it yet as I'm following the\nlessons mostly chronologically) but generally her explanations are very\nlogical and well explained.\n\nHope this helps!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T07:00:14.630", "id": "99921", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T07:00:14.630", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41223", "parent_id": "99896", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "> アキバからの帰り道 **のことだ** った。\n\n～のことだ can indicate 時, time, when an event occurred.\n\nFrom [こと -\nウィクショナリー日本語版](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8#%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E%E3%83%BB%E4%BA%8B):\n\n> 名詞・事 \n> こと \n> 5. 事実。実際に起きた、あるいは起きているできごと。 \n> 1. **（「のこと」「のことだ」などの形で）時を表す。** \n> ところがその次の日 **のことだ** 。あの畜産の担任が、助手を連れて又やって来た。 \n> （宮沢賢治「フランドン農学校の豚」）\n\n「その次の日 **のことだ** 。」 means \"It was the next day\" \"It happened on the next day.\" \n「アキバからの帰り道 **のことだ** った。」 means \"It happened when I was on my way home from\nAkiba.\"\n\n* * *\n\nThis のことだ indicates _time_ rather than _place_ , because\n「(それは)アキバからの帰り道のことだった」「昨日の放課後のことだった」「ある日のことだ」 sound okay but 「(それは)アキバのことだった」,\n「学校のことだった」, 「山田さんの家のことだった」 etc. do not. To mean \"It happend in/at [place]\",\nyou should say 「(それは)アキバ **で** のことだった」「山田さんの家 **で** のことだった」, adding で.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-27T03:59:39.947", "id": "100100", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-27T04:08:53.737", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-27T04:08:53.737", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "99896", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "For example my friend ask me: 車は好き? (Are you interested in cars?) And I\nrespond: 車についてあんまり気になってない. (I am not interested in cars)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T09:03:36.840", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99898", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T19:44:47.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38369", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "spoken-language", "conversational" ], "title": "Is it possible to use phrase 「気になってない」if you are not interested in something?", "view_count": 85 }

[ { "body": "Yes it is, 気になる (and it's transitive counterpart 気にする) can mean \"fascinate\",\n\"engross\" (i.e. positively capture someone's attention), it can also be used\nto mean \"bother\", \"annoy\" (i.e. negatively capture someone's attention). See\nthe examples:\n\n> 車はめっちゃ気になる \n> I'm really into cars. (Cars really grab my attention)\n\n> あいつの喋り方は気になる \n> That guy's way of talking annoys me. (That guy's way of talking really\n> grabs my attention)\n\n> 彼の仕草は気にしないよ \n> I don't care about his gestures. (His gestures do not grab my attention)\n\nAs for the difference between 気になってない and 気にならない, 気になってない means right now you\nare in the state of not caring about something, while 気にならない means you will\nnot care about something in the future, or that something will not grab your\nattention.\n\n> 車は気にならない \n> I won't be interested in cars. (Cars cannot/will not grab my attention)\n\n> 車は気になってない \n> I'm not into cars. (Cars do not have my attention, as of now)\n\nFor a word that's used purely in the positive sense, you may want to consider\nthe word 興味(ある), meaning \"interest\".\n\n> 車には興味がない \n> I don't have interests in cars. (I'm not interested in cars) \n> 車には興味がある \n> I have interests in cars. (I am interested in cars)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T18:58:31.600", "id": "99907", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T19:44:47.750", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-11T19:44:47.750", "last_editor_user_id": "39855", "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99898", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "There are words, like 箱根関（はこねのせき）, 伊勢国（いせのくに） or 加賀国（かがのくに）that despite being\nwritten without a particle の before 関 or 国 in the previous examples, this\nparticle の is said when reading them because it exists an invisible particle の\nso that you must say it.\n\nI'm sorry for explaning this in such an unpolished way, but because of that,\nmy question is: **how is called in Japanese grammar/linguistics this\nphenomenon of \"the invisible の that is omitted when writing but not when\nsaying\"?**\n\n**And do these words where this phenomenon occurs receive a name in\nJapanese?**", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T12:07:55.640", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99900", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T09:59:26.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "47013", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "particles" ], "title": "Particle の omitted when writing but not when saying", "view_count": 127 }

[ { "body": "This is an obsolete convention which you will only find with relatively old\nplace names (and occasionally surnames). Basically everyone is aware of this\nphenomenon, but I don't think there is a well-known name for it. I think it's\nbecause this is nothing more than an outdated convention rather than part of\nthe modern standard grammar. Place names are always the source of\nunpredictable kanji readings, anyway. All we can do is to recognize this\npattern and remember the reading of each phrase individually.\n\nSometimes, exact the same place name can be written with or without の. A well-\nknown example would be 三ノ宮 vs 三宮:\n\n> #### [Sannomiya Station (JR\n> West)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sannomiya_Station_\\(JR_West\\)#Etymology)\n>\n> All of the other transportation facilities in Sannomiya are written in\n> Japanese as 三宮, without the Katakana character \"ノ\". Only JR includes it in\n> the name, written as 三ノ宮駅. It is thought the reason it was included was to\n> prevent people traveling from other parts of the country from misreading the\n> name.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T06:11:09.280", "id": "99919", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T06:11:09.280", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99900", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Maybe just orthographic variants? I think whether to have ノ/の in those words\nin written form is kind of arbitrary. In some words, the form without ノ was\nchosen to be the \"correct\" one, while in other words like 江ノ島 the form with it\nwas.\n\nWords that are not proper nouns are probably less standardized, and more than\none variants are in use. すのこ (\"duckboard\") can be written both 簀の子 and 簀子.\n\nBy the way, ヶ for \"ga\" works similarly.\n\n * 霞ヶ関 (霞関)\n * 剣ヶ峰 (剣峰)\n * (世田ヶ谷) 世田谷\n\n(I think the variants in parentheses are less common.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T09:59:26.750", "id": "99923", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T09:59:26.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "99900", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "道すがら、近所に住む人達に会っ **ては** 挨拶をしたのですが、無愛想な彼女は短い尻尾をゆらゆらさせるだけで、つーんと顔をそらしていました。\n\nI have figured out it may be simillar to たら etc., but im not so sure.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T12:20:44.720", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99901", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T12:20:44.720", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55784", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "what does the ては mean here?", "view_count": 32 }

[]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99910", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I was reading yotsubato! and I had a bit of trouble with\n[this](https://imgur.com/a/fdKmwNr),The [English\ntranslation](https://imgur.com/a/CSS02Y4) Says that it means I wanted ice\ncream but I thought that the past for of want was たかったです", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T16:27:12.240", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99902", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T20:10:07.727", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56743", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Problem with the たい form", "view_count": 92 }

[ { "body": "I would say that the English translation did not translate the phrase\nliterally, and that's where the confusion kicked in. The original reads:\n\n> アイス食べたくなったから… \n> I wanted icecream, so...\n\nHere, the construction is 食べたい + なる, meaning \"to become wanting to eat\". So, a\nmore accurate translation would be\n\n> アイス食べたくなったから… \n> I became wanting to eat icecream, so... \n> (More natural to English speakers) I became icecream-craving, so...\n\nThe verb that's put into past tense is なる, and \"wanting to eat\" is now an\nadverbial phrase, which is tenseless. You're right about that past tense of\n食べたい being 食べたかった, but that would just mean \"I wanted to eat\", not \"I\n_**became**_ wanting to eat\". The なる/became signifies a transition in state,\nboth in English and in Japanese.\n\nOf course, you could say the \"transitioning\" nuance is lost in translation,\nbut you can see why the translator did not chose to translate it all out,\nbecause it kinda feels bulky and unnatural in English. However, in Japanese\nit's perfectly normal.\n\n**Grammar Summary**\n\nYou probably know this already, but なる means to \"to become\", and you can\nbecome a NOUN, or an ADJECTIVE. To become a noun or an な-adjective, simply use\nに before なる, to become a い-adjective, change the い into く, which is the adverb\nform thereof.\n\n> I wanna become the president. \n> 大統領 **になりたい** 。(大統領 + なる) \n> This should be/become more secretive. \n> もっと密か **になる** べきだ。(密か + なる) \n> I wanna get/become faster than him \n> 彼より早 **くなりたい** な。(早い + なる)\n\nSo yeah, 食べたい + なる would then be 食べたくなる.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T20:10:07.727", "id": "99910", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T20:10:07.727", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99902", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99911", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Suppose you're talking to somebody and want to ask them about something\nrelated to them. My Genki textbook has some examples of how you can actually\ndo this and also address them at the same time by using a の-modified noun with\ntheir name in the topic. Here are two examples from the textbook:\n\n> リーさんの専攻は文学ですね。(Ms. Lee, your major is literature, right?)\n>\n> たけしさんのデートはどうでしたか。(How was your date, Takeshi?)\n\nMy problem is, I've never seen this outside of Genki. Also, since I'm not a\nJapanese native speaker, this way of addressing somebody sounds bizarre to me.\nAnd the English translation above is actually not literal, for a good reason.\n(\"Speaking about Takeshi's date, how was it?\" sounds bonkers when it's Takeshi\nyou're asking.)\n\nSo, my question is: _is this way of addressing the person you're talking to\ncommon? Or is this one of those things that textbooks might teach you at the\nearly stages for the lack of a better option even though it's clunky and\nunusual?_", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T19:46:51.443", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99908", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T20:25:45.597", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56325", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "particle-の" ], "title": "Addressing the person you're talking to with a の-modified noun", "view_count": 72 }

[ { "body": "Yes, this is the most natural way to say it.\n\n> And the English translation above is actually not literal\n\nIt can never be. The problem with Japanese is that it doesn't have a word for\n\"your\". (or my, or his, or her...) The possessive pronouns are constructed via\nthe main pronoun + の, and there's not a dedicated word for it. Imagine instead\nof \"my book\" or \"your car\" we'd have to say \"I's book\" and \"You's car\" now,\nbut that's literally what Japanese does.\n\nHaving cleared that point above, now let's look at how to address the other\nperson.\n\n> Ms. Lee, your major is literature, right?\n\nHere's in order to say \"your literature\", you either have to use a word for\n\"you\"(あなた、きみ, etc.), or just say the name of the other person(リーさん), then add\na の to make is possessive.\n\nIn Japanese, the most common way is to use the other party's name instead of\nany pronouns when you are not too familiar with them, but also not wanting to\nsound too cold. Using あなた all the way would sound TOO aloof and emotion-less,\nand it's used mostly in business or customer-service settings, where it's all\nabout respect and you're not developing anything personal. Using 君, on the\nother hand, is reserved for more close relationships or superior-to-\nsubordinate relationships.\n\nSo in short, use あなた when you don't know their name, then change to their name\nonce you learn it. For friends and families, 君 or お前 will do.\n\nP.S.\n\nEven when you don't know the other party's name, there are ways most of the\ntime where you can get by without using あなた, and it _**would**_ be more\nnatural to do so. Example:\n\n> あなたの名前はなんですか？ ❌ \n> お名前はなんですか？ ⭕️\n\nBy using the Keigo お・ご prefix, you are insinuating you're talking about the\nother party's stuff, coz no one would use Keigo on themselves*. お財布、お名前、お家\nwill NEVER be interpreted as the speaker's stuff.\n\n*Except for 謙譲語 and 美化語", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T20:25:45.597", "id": "99911", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T20:25:45.597", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99908", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99914", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Me and my friend read manga in Japanese as a tool to study. We are currently\nreading 進撃の巨人 and we had a problem understanding the role of the kana と mid\nsentence. Here is the manga panel for context and reference: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jiSlZ.jpg)\n\nWe weren't sure its exact role although we managed to have some grasp of the\ntranslation of that sentence. Any help would be appreciated!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T20:49:57.510", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99912", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T22:12:38.723", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56747", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "particle-と", "manga" ], "title": "と as verbs connector?", "view_count": 64 }

[ { "body": "I think it's the same と as in と言う. Knowing _that_ mankind lives beyond the\nwalls.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T22:12:38.723", "id": "99914", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-11T22:12:38.723", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56731", "parent_id": "99912", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99915", "answer_count": 1, "body": "While reading manga of 進撃の巨人, we stumbled upon a compound sentence having 者\nmentioned twice, both marked with は and at the end of that sentence. While we\nmanaged to understand (at least in our opinion, which seems to align with\ntranslations to the manga online) the sentence, we didn't understand why the\nsecond 者 is there. Here is the manga panel for context and reference: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0IOe2.jpg)\n\nJust wanted to clear things although we think we managed to understand the\ngeneral translation of that sentence. Thank you all in advance!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-11T21:48:16.213", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99913", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T00:19:55.643", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56747", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "manga" ], "title": "Double 者 (read もの) in a compound sentence", "view_count": 323 }

[ { "body": "I think you can just translate the sentence quite literally, with 者 being \"the\none\":\n\n> それを見た **者** は、この世界で一番の 自由を手に入れた **者** 。 \n> **The one** who saw that was **the one** who got the utmost freedom of this\n> world into his hands.\n\nThere are no rules stating that 者 cannot be used more than once in a sentence,\njust like in English there is no limit on \"the one\".\n\n> both marked with は and at the end of that sentence\n\nI only see one は here. If you meant the \"これが\" on the bottom, that's just\nanother sentence. I don't know if anything comes after これが, but it's not a\npart of the previous sentence.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T00:19:55.643", "id": "99915", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T00:19:55.643", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "99913", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99917", "answer_count": 1, "body": "At [2m34s](https://youtu.be/H7nRAKcrZGY?t=156), the speaker seems to pronounce\n洗濯機 not with a devoiced く, but a complete removal of it.\n\nThat is, it sounds to me like she's saying せんたき{LHHL} instead of seNTAK_ki.\n\n**Question:** Is this a legitimate pronunciation of this word? Or is this only\nthe way you might pronounce the word to children or new Japanese learners?\n\nI found a clip of [Dogen](https://youtu.be/NmP9xyihBBQ?t=64) pronouncing it as\n\"seNTAK_ki\", but he can't be trusted since he's not a native speaker :)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T02:09:40.453", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99916", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T04:20:23.583", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-12T04:03:41.367", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "51280", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "pronunciation" ], "title": "Removing the く when pronouncing 洗濯機(せんたくき)", "view_count": 150 }

[ { "body": "She pronounced it as **せんたっき** , not せんたき. According to NHK, this is an\nacceptable pronunciation of the word. The く was not removed, but **replaced\nwith the small tsu**!\n\nThis is a phenomenon called 促音化 (gemination). You probably already know that\n学校 is formally spelled and pronounced as がっこう instead of がくこう.\n\nせんたっき is in the same vein, but it's still in the middle of the full gemination\nprocess. That is, all dictionaries and most people say the correct _spelling_\nis せんたくき, but more than half of the people actually _pronounce_ it as せんたっき\nalmost unconsciously. (But せんたくき is still correct, of course.)\n\nYou can read about gemination in the following articles:\n\n * [最近気になる放送用語：「洗濯機」はセンタクキ？ センタッキ？](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/20190301_4.html)\n * [Imabi: Sokuonka](https://www.imabi.net/sokuonka.htm)\n\n[This](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/97854/5010) is a similar\nphenomenon.\n\n(By the way, if you missed the small tsu that was there, that means you need\nto train your ears! せんたき and せんたっき are as different as night and day to\nJapanese ears, and she pronounced it really clearly in the video.)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T04:03:06.147", "id": "99917", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-12T04:20:23.583", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-12T04:20:23.583", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99916", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99930", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Would for example a sentence like ルームメートが好きだけど、彼はいつも観た後にテレビをつけっぱなしだね。work to\nsay \"I like my roommate (like in a non romantic way, as a friend, buddy,\netc..) but he always leaves the TV on after he watched it.\" work? Or would the\n好き automatically give the connotation that I'd like my roommate in a romantic\nway? If so, what would be a better option?\n\nAlso I hope my Japanese example sentence makes sense, feel free to correct\nanything.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T19:29:03.350", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99927", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-13T01:58:03.543", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55486", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "words" ], "title": "Does the 好き in 誰かが好き always have a romantic meaning?", "view_count": 137 }

[ { "body": "好き does not necessary have a romantic meaning, but your sentence _may_ leave\nsome room for misunderstanding if there is not enough context. For safer\noptions, see: [Non-romantic way to say you \"like\"\nsomeone?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68169/5010)\n\nYour sentence is grammatically correct, but here's one way of improving your\nsentence:\n\n> ルームメートはいい人だけど、いつもテレビを観た後につけっぱなしにする(ね)。\n\n * Used いい人だ (\"is a nice guy\") instead of 好きだ to address your concern.\n * 彼は is unnecessary and should be omitted.\n * 観る and つけっぱなし share the same object (テレビを), so it should be placed before the first verb.\n * (彼は)いつもテレビをつけっぱなしだ is acceptable as sloppy Japanese, but いつもテレビをつけっぱなしにする is more canonical. It's perfectly fine to say テレビがつけっぱなしだ after noticing a TV left on, though.\n * ね is for light confirmation (\"...huh?\", \"...you know?\"). Do you really need it?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T01:44:42.283", "id": "99930", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-13T01:58:03.543", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-13T01:58:03.543", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99927", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99929", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I understand that ある means to live / to be. But I'm having trouble finding the\npurpose or translation of おしろに. I wonder if these two are working together to\ncreate some kind of meaning. It's from a children's book. The first line is\nむかし、(once upon a time), followed by the text above. My interpretation is that\nthis means something to the effect of, \"Once upon a time, there lived...\". But\nI'm not understanding the specific action of the おしろに part of the sentence and\nso far haven't had luck with the dictionary. Any help is appreciated.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-12T23:45:57.803", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99928", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-13T00:08:27.117", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56759", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "Looking for translation of phrase ある　おしろに", "view_count": 52 }

[ { "body": "Before getting to おしろに, I'll talk about ある. The verb ある that you're thinking\nof means \"to be / exist\" but it's generally not used for living things. So it\nusually wouldn't mean \"to live.\" Here it's not a verb, but a (probably\netymologically related but different) ある that can only go before a noun and\nmeans \"a certain ~\"\n\nAs for おしろに, the core of it is しろ (castle).\n\nIn front of the core it has a kind of honorific / word-beautification marker\nお.\n\nAt the end is the location-marking particle に.\n\nIf we put everything together, あるおしろに means \"in a certain castle.\"\n\nPresumably the sentence continues with a description of someone living in the\ncastle.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T00:08:27.117", "id": "99929", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-13T00:08:27.117", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "20479", "parent_id": "99928", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99932", "answer_count": 1, "body": "So does てもらう mean I got someone (asked someone) to do something for me? Or\ndoes it mean I recieved (blank) from someone?\n\nFor example, 彼に漢字を教えてもらいました. Would this mean, \"I got him to teach me,\" or\nwould it mean \"I recieved the teaching of kanji from him?\n\nWhat I'm trying to say is, does てもらう always mean I got/asked someone to do\nsomething? Like I asked him to teach me? Or can it just be, I recieved\nteaching from him? Or would that just be てくれる? 漢字を教えてくれました. \"He taught me\nkanji.\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T02:35:32.663", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99931", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T06:32:23.100", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-14T06:32:23.100", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "55638", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "giving-and-receiving" ], "title": "ーてもらう clarification", "view_count": 110 }

[ { "body": "> does てもらう always mean I got/asked someone to do something?\n\nNo, this is not a requirement. Who asked it or started it is not important. If\nsomeone did something voluntarily for you, you can still say てもらう. For\nexample, it's perfectly fine to say 彼に漢字を教えてもらいました even if it's _he_ who\nsuggested the lesson. Of course, saying (彼は私に)漢字を教えてくれました with 彼 as the\nsubject is equally correct.\n\nJust in case, note that the subject of もらう (i.e., the \"receiver\") is not\nnecessarily \"I\". In 娘は先生に数学を教えてもらいました, the \"receiver\" is 娘.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T03:03:24.577", "id": "99932", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-13T03:03:24.577", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99931", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99937", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Say my name is Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious, but since that name is\nobviously nuts, they can feel free to call me by my nickname \"スーパ\". But I\ndon't mean for them to just refer to me as \"スーパ\" with no suffix (呼び捨て). They\nshould call me \"スーパ+さん/くん/ちゃん\" as they see fit. Is there any particular way to\nindicate this, or is it already implied?\n\nIn particular, what I think I might say is \"僕はスーパカラ何々何々です。どうぞスーパと読んでください。\"\n\nHowever, I'm not exactly sure what the implication might be here. Is it\nimplied \"call me スーパ (with whatever suffix you want)\" (which is what I\ndesire)? Or is it implied \"Call me スーパ (呼び捨てで)\" (which is not what I want)?\nAnd if it's the latter, how should I phrase things to imply the former?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T07:01:55.327", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99934", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-13T15:08:31.067", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-13T07:26:44.663", "last_editor_user_id": "35659", "owner_user_id": "35659", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "names", "culture", "suffixes", "spoken-language" ], "title": "How to tell someone to call you by a certain name, but they're free to use whatever suffix they please?", "view_count": 111 }

[ { "body": "No Japanese native will interpret （名前）と呼んでください as an instruction to leave\nhonorifics off of your name. They will absolutely add honorifics to your name\nif you're conversing in Japanese, until there is some other reason for them to\nchange how they call you. It's totally normal to introduce just your name and\nthen for people to apply the honorific of their choice. You don't need to tell\nthem to from the start.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T09:39:27.447", "id": "99937", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-13T15:08:31.067", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-13T15:08:31.067", "last_editor_user_id": "20479", "owner_user_id": "20479", "parent_id": "99934", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99943", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Kimetsu no Yaiba is an anime set during the Taishou era (early 1900s). During\nKatanakaji no Sato-hen (ep10), a man says to an overly-friendly-looking woman\n\"だまれ、あばずれが\", which is localized as \"Shut up, you shameless tramp!\" Also,\njisho.org ( <https://jisho.org/search/abazure> ) also translates あばずれ as\n\"bitch; shameless woman\".\n\nAnyways, my question is, what is the connotation of the expression? Is it a\nmuch more antiquated expression, or does it see any modern use? And\nmeaning/intent-wise, is it basically the same as saying \"破廉恥な女\"?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T08:40:28.657", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99935", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T03:08:36.833", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "word-choice", "words", "connotation" ], "title": "Connotation of \"abazure\" (shameless woman)?", "view_count": 184 }

[ { "body": "あばずれ mostly corresponds to the English _bitch_ , except that it is rarely used\nin modern Japanese speech.\n\nThe use in anime/manga is literary. I won't be surprised if あばずれ is used in a\nmodern novel, but don't expect to hear it in real conversations. If it is ever\nused, the speaker would be a very old man with an outdated mindset (this is\nstereotyping).\n\nあばずれ sounds to me more about promiscuity while 破廉恥な女 could mean a broader(?)\nshamelessness (such as wearing a dress exposing too much skin, speaking too\nexplicitly in sexual matters etc).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T03:08:36.833", "id": "99943", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T03:08:36.833", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99935", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I am working through Genki I and it has the sentence 日本とカナダとどちらのほうが寒いですか and I\ncan't work out what the second と does. From what I understand, と is \"and\", so\nit sounds like it's saying \"Of Japan and Canada **AND** , which is colder?\"\nBut I know that translation doesn't make sense.\n\nCan anyone help me understand what that second と it doing? Thanks", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T08:43:15.707", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99936", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-13T08:43:15.707", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56763", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "In a comparison using のほうが, what does the second と mean?", "view_count": 57 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "99947", "answer_count": 2, "body": "Example would: この第二次世界大戦についてドキュメンタリーはちょっと観にくいけど、本当に面白いと思う。work to say: This\ndocumentary about WW2 is a bit hard to watch (hard to stomach) but it is very\ninteresting.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T18:09:13.760", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99938", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T06:55:15.023", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55486", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "usage" ], "title": "Can you use 観にくい( 観る+にくい) to say that something is hard to watch in the sense of that the topic/images might be hard to stomach?", "view_count": 90 }

[ { "body": "No, you can’t. 観づらい doesn’t work, either. You can say 観るのがつらい, instead.\n\nOr you should explicitly say how you feel when you watch it, like 観ると悲しくなる.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T06:46:41.883", "id": "99946", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T06:46:41.883", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99938", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "If you mean it is the content that makes you feel \"hard to watch (keep\nwatching)\", then you are already receiving some information from that. In this\ncase, 観にくい is not applicable. It would mean that you have difficulty bringing\nyourself to the point ready to watch, because e.g. hard to obtain, tape is\ndamaged, resolution is too low etc. I think you need to be a bit more specific\nwhich aspects in the content make you uncomfortable.\n\n> 観るのがつらい／きつい _painful to watch_ (not 観づらい) \n> 観て楽しいものではない _not very pleasant to watch_ \n> わかりにくい _hard to understand_\n\nOr as a workaround, 観やすくない \"not easy to watch\" could be understood vaguely\nthat there is something not easygoing inside.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T06:55:15.023", "id": "99947", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T06:55:15.023", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "99938", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99948", "answer_count": 2, "body": "(I am talking about もの as a standalone noun outside of compounds. The kind of\nもの used after the 連用形 form of verbs (忘れ物 etc.) is usually 平板型 (though there\nare many exceptions))\n\nI feel like 尾高型 is in a way the \"default\" pitch of もの but I do come across the\n平板型 pronounciation as well. I haven't been able to make any inferences as to\nwhich pronunciation is used in which environment.\n\nI tried to consult the (electronic) NHK accent dictionary and it just gave me\ntwo rather cryptic examples: 物(〜がよい) where it is 平板型; 物(〜をもらう) where it is\n尾高型. So I guess the succeeding particle is what makes the difference? What\nabout the other particles?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T19:00:49.253", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99939", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T08:15:54.510", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56734", "post_type": "question", "score": 6, "tags": [ "pitch-accent" ], "title": "Pitch accent of 物(もの) as a standalone noun", "view_count": 388 }

[ { "body": "Note: I will be using superscripts to distinguish 平板1 and 尾高2\n\nThe もの1 in 物が良い means _quality (of the thing being talked about)_. Practically\nyou can think this is a (group of) set phrase(s). So もの1 is always followed by\nが/は+よい/悪い(/some variants of them). As such this もの1 is never modified by other\nphrases. For examples, よいもの2 or もらったもの2 is always もの2.\n\nIn terms of particles, as can be understood from above, it is not what makes\nthe difference, but you can mostly assume もの2 if it is followed by something\nother than が/は. If が/は follows もの, you have to consider other factors.\n\nFor learners, I think remembering もの1 が/は+よい/わるい is good enough approximation.\nE.g., これはものがよい=This product is of good quality.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T07:21:46.683", "id": "99948", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T07:21:46.683", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "99939", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "It’s basically 尾高.\n\nWhen the particle の follows it, it tends to remain high, but that’s because\n`ものの[N]` is pronounced in one go, with the accent pattern determined by the\nfinal noun, like もののねだん【LHHHHH】, もののかち【LHHHL】, etc. This phenomenon is not\nlimited to もの.\n\nThe もの in ものがよい【LHHHL】 has a special meaning. When pronounced that way, it is\nunderstood as referring to the quality of something. ものがちがう【LHHHHH】 is similar\nand it means that something is in a different class from others (i.e. much\nsuperior to them).\n\nものになる【LHHHL】 is also pronounced in 平板. This expression is used to say\nsomething comes to fruition, to become “something” worthy of mention.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T08:15:54.510", "id": "99949", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T08:15:54.510", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99939", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I started watching Hi score girl, and in the first episode there is a sentence\nlike this : コイツはこんな所に来る 女の子ではなかったはず 成績優秀で誰からも慕われ― しかも金持ちの娘と 来ている！\n\nI've never seen と 来ている！ Is this a mistake in subtitles or some grammar that i\ndon't understand ? what does this last sentence mean mean ?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-13T23:31:11.953", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99940", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T08:01:45.097", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56770", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "translation" ], "title": "Sentence with と 来ている！", "view_count": 99 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "The following lines come from a manga I'm reading. The male lead is a high\nschooler who uses a lot of truncated colloquial forms. He says the following\nlines, ruminating on an event where he should have stood up for his girl, but\ndidn't, yet she doesn't appear to hold it against him.\n\n> 何ちょっとホッとしてんだ\n>\n> さっき\n>\n> 一歩も動けなかったくせに\n\nThe first part of the first line, 何ちょっと, is what's throwing me. The rest is\nfine. It seems like there's a particle omitted after 何 but I'm not certain.\n\nMy main question is, how do I unpack this sentence to make sense of it? And\nmore generally, what are some strategies for figuring out what particle (or\nother parts of speech or morae)is being omitted in this kind of colloquial\nspeech?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T02:36:58.460", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99942", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T02:36:58.460", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56768", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "colloquial-language" ], "title": "What does 何ちょっと mean in this sentence?", "view_count": 31 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "99953", "answer_count": 1, "body": "娘がなかなか起きない。よく寝る子だ。 It means my daughter has a hard time waking up. She sleeps\na lot. but I can't figure out the purpose of adding 子.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T13:23:09.930", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99950", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T14:50:52.133", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56752", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "What is the purpose of adding 子 in this sentence?", "view_count": 81 }

[ { "body": "よく寝る is a relative clause, which modifies noun 子.\n\nSo whole \"よく寝る子だ。\" means \"(She) is a child, who sleeps well/often.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T14:50:52.133", "id": "99953", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T14:50:52.133", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56758", "parent_id": "99950", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I'm reading Cardcaptor Sakura (Clear Card edition), and there is this sentence\nat the beginning (to explain to the reader who Eriol is), but I can't figure\nout the second part at all, please help!\n\n「クロウカード」がすべて「さくらカード」に変わり、ふたたびイギリスに帰っていったが…？\n\nMy translation is: The Clow Cards were all changed into Sakura Cards, he had\nreturned again to England but...?\n\nI think I might be mistranslating ふたたび. The reason I think it doesn't make\nsense as \"again\" is that Eriol was a transfer student from England, and he\nreturned to England after the cards were changed, but there is no \"again\" or\n\"second time\", he came to Japan, then returned home (plus, \"or did he?\" with\n\"が\" :-) )", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T14:40:28.233", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99952", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T15:15:34.467", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-14T15:15:34.467", "last_editor_user_id": "56782", "owner_user_id": "56782", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning", "translation", "manga" ], "title": "Other meaning of ふたたび?", "view_count": 70 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "99962", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I've come across this conversation in それでも歩は寄せてくる: \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fddSl.jpg)\n\nThis is the transcript:\n\n> 田中歩：「何してるんですか」 \n> 八乙女うるし：「お 田中 いいとこに来たな」 \n> 八乙女うるし：「新入部員も入ったことだし 名前を入れてやらなきゃなーって 今書いてんだ」\n\nI'm having trouble with Urushi's sentence:\n\n 1. I think the first sentence translates as \"You came at a good time\" or something like that but I've never seen とこ being used to indicate a moment in time. Is this correct or am I getting it wrong?\n\n 2. Basically it seems she is saying that since someone joined their club his name is missing from the sign and she is adding it now. What I don't understand is the second part of the sentence:\n\n> 「名前を **入れてやらなきゃなーって** 今書いてんだ」\n\nI understand last part about writing the name and the explanatory んだ. What I\ndon't get is the part in bold. This is how I understand it now:\n\n * 「入れて」 is 入れる which means \"to insert\" which is put in て-form for progressive state.\n * 「やらなきゃな」 is やる which is the casual form of する, in the あ-stem for use with the negative なければ which means \"if not\" which is contracted to なきゃ. So the whole thing means \"if not do\". I'm assuming the な is for emphasis and isn't negation or imperative command.\n * 「って」 here plays the role of は as in marking the topic of the sentence.\n\nSo the whole thing should translate \"If is not in state of being inserted\".\n\nThus the whole sentence should translate as \"As for the name of the new club\nmember not being inserted, I'm writing it now\". The thing is I don't see how\nthe なきゃ part comes into play in this translation.\n\nI'd appreciate it if someone could help me make sense of these sentences.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T18:33:32.640", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99956", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T09:29:58.217", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-15T09:29:58.217", "last_editor_user_id": "41223", "owner_user_id": "41223", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation", "manga", "reading-comprehension" ], "title": "なきゃ and とこ usage and translation", "view_count": 63 }

[ { "body": "* This とこ is a colloquial variant of ところ, which is a very flexible noun that means not only \"place\" but also \"time\", \"situation\", \"aspect\" and so on. Haven't you seen [these patterns](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2681/5010) where ところ refers to something related to time or moment?\n * Yes, 入れて is the te-form of 入れる (\"to put in\"), but why \"progressive\"? The te-form does not express the progressive aspect on its own.\n * This やる is not する, but an informal and less polite variant of [あげる](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/kureru-ageru-morau/). やる and あげる are [subsidiary verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010), i.e., it has a special function after a te-form. As you may already know, (-て)やる and (-て)あげる are notoriously difficult to translate directly, but here it's basically just \"for them (the new members)\".\n * You're correct that なきゃ is contracted なければ. A super-literal translation of 名前を入れてやらなきゃ is \"if I don't give (a favor of) putting a name\". But なければ, なくては, なきゃ and so on can effectively mean \"have to\".\n * This って is not a topic particle but a quotative particle used without an explicit verb. Here something like 思って is implied. See: [verb+ようにと、 or verb+かと、](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21680/5010)\n\nHere's a translation (added punctuations for clarity):\n\n> 新入部員も入ったことだし、「名前を入れてやらなきゃなー」って(思って)、今書いてんだ。\n>\n> Now that the new club members joined, I thought \"I gotta put their names\n> (for the sake of them)\", so I'm writing them now.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T02:23:46.013", "id": "99962", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T02:28:52.907", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-15T02:28:52.907", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99956", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "([Link to the scene in\nquestion](https://www.youtube.com/live/EJcogvuDOSY?feature=share&t=1235))\n\nIn the Street Fighter 6 intro, Luke looks at the ID photo on the player\ncharacter's new dojo membership card. He then says this to the player\ncharacter:\n\n> うん、いい顔に撮れてるじゃないか\n\n...which is translated as:\n\n> Yeah gotta say, you're photogenic.\n\nWhat is the role of the に particle here combined with 撮れてる? What I know is\nthat 撮る, especially when written with that Kanji, is related to taking\npictures, and I also know that you can say things like ～を写真に撮る to mean\nsomething along the lines of \"to capture into an image\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T20:20:43.517", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99957", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T03:01:48.367", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "33212", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "particle-に" ], "title": "Understanding いい顔に撮れてるじゃないか", "view_count": 55 }

[ { "body": "I think this に is either:\n\n * に as a role marker (∼ として, _as_ , _for_ ): [に to indicate the role you want something to play?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65432/5010)\n * に to mark the result/goal of an action (∼ _as_ , _to_ , _into_ ). いい顔 is a noun, but a similar に is commonly used with na-/no-adjectives: [How does 甘く work in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55796/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T03:01:48.367", "id": "99963", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T03:01:48.367", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99957", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99961", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In the intro of the Game Boy Advance game titled \"Fire Emblem: Fuuin no\nTsurugi\" there are a few instances in which かけ is used before a verb, and I\ndon't seem to be able to grasp the nuance or meaning that it is supposed to\nconvey.\n\nHere are two examples:\n\n 1. 神に祝福されし英雄が人の存亡と未来をかけ戦った世界\n 2. どちらともが大陸の覇権をかけ争い\n\nAs for the first example, I would translate it as: \"A world in which the\nheroes blessed by the gods fought for the life and future of the people\".\n\nRegarding the second one, I'd say it means something like: \"Both of them\ndisputed the hegemony of the continent\".\n\nWhat I can't get to understand is the function of かけ in those sentences.\n\nPlease, help!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T21:53:27.157", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99958", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T02:43:34.020", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45238", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning", "nuances", "usage" ], "title": "What does かけ mean in かけ戦った or in かけ争い?", "view_count": 76 }

[ { "body": "This かけ is the masu-stem (連用形) of\n[賭ける](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%B3%AD%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B), which means \"to\nstake\", \"to risk\" or \"to contend for\".\n\n * 人の存亡と未来をかけ \nstaking the survival and future of the mankind\n\n * 大陸の覇権をかけ \ncontending for the supremacy over the continent\n\nIn case you don't know why it's かけ rather than かけて, see:\n\n * [Connecting phrases with the stem of masu-form](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6412/5010)\n * [て versus combining-form for joining clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23789/5010)\n * [Removal of て in Japanese novels](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/70321/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T00:54:37.077", "id": "99961", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T02:43:34.020", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-15T02:43:34.020", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99958", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "Specifically, a loud, violent crash. Like a car wreck.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-14T22:40:42.957", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99959", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-14T22:40:42.957", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55146", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "onomatopoeia" ], "title": "Japanese onomatopoeia for \"Crash!\"?", "view_count": 89 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "99965", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In a recent video by The Anime Man (Joey), he talks with a host (ROLAND), and\nthey get to talking about anime, and how it's less stigmatized and more\nmainstream now. Then Joey brings up the point that there's a culture of \"the\nmore obscure the anime you watch, that's considered cooler\". They keep\nreferring to \"obscure\" as something that sounds like \"ツール\", but I can't find\nanything relevant about that. Can someone tell me what word they're using\nhere, and what it means?\n\nThe video: <https://youtu.be/5LSva1m4Ytw?t=1508>\n\nOne place they use it is starting from 25:08\n\nWhat their dialogue sounds like to me:\n\nJoey: \"もうワンピース以外っていうか、その人気以外のアニメを見るほうがカッコいいみたいな変な文化が出てきたんですよね。\"\n\nROLAND: \"ああ、ツール(?)だみたいな\"\n\nJoey: \"そう、ツール(?)な文化が出てきたんですよね。\"\n\nAnother place they use it is at is 30:16 (\n<https://youtu.be/5LSva1m4Ytw?t=1816> )\n\nWhat the dialogue sounds like to me:\n\nROLAND: \"*brings up Odd Taxi*\"\n\nJoey: \"*laughs* めっちゃツール(?)じゃないっすか？\" (Translated as: \"Yeah. That's super\nobscure.\")\n\nAnyways, any help is appreciated.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T04:45:18.553", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99964", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T04:56:50.590", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "words", "slang", "spoken-language", "listening" ], "title": "\"ツール\" meaning \"nerd\"/\"obscure\"? What is being said here?", "view_count": 321 }

[ { "body": "The word he used is **通 (つう)**. There is no ル.\n\nRelated: [What are the nuances in various words for\n\"expert\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/96485/5010)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T04:56:50.590", "id": "99965", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T04:56:50.590", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99964", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99969", "answer_count": 1, "body": "This is about this scene from volume 33 of Attack on Titan (hidden to prevent\nspoilers, continue reading the question at your own risk)\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ru38J.jpg)\n\nI feel I'm close to understanding this sentence but some parts don't make\nsense: \n「まさか。。。こんなのんびり過ごすことになるなんて。。。思いもしなかったよ」 \nI understand it as \"I can't believe we spend our time leisurely, the thought\nof (spending our time leisurely) didn't become (my own thought), you know\"\n\nThis part: \n「まさか。。。こんなのんびりすごす」actually modifies the 「こと」 that comes after it and its\nmeaning on its own is \"I can't believe I\\we get to spend our time in such a\nrelaxed manner\" or something of the sort.\n\nNext, that 「こと」 is is the target of the other sentence: \n「ことになるなんて。。。思いもしなかったよ」- which is the hard part for me. It seems that the\nsentence means that \"My thoughts didn't become this こと\". What I don't get is\ngoing on with the 「なんて」 and 「しなかった」because the sentence already has a verb\n「なる」so why not say 「ことになんて思いもならなかったよ」or maybe there are actually three\nsentences here:\n\n 1. 「まさか。。。こんなのんびりすごす」- modifies the 「こと」\n 2. 「ことになる」- modifies the 「なんて思い」\n 3. 「思いもしなかったよ」- His thoughts never \"did\" the \"becoming\" of his situation.\n\nThanks in advance!", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T06:08:48.947", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99966", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T14:31:29.800", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41223", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "manga", "reading-comprehension" ], "title": "Noun modifying clauses and なんて", "view_count": 95 }

[ { "body": "思いもしなかった is 思わなかった with も inserted for the sense of “not even.” Though it\nmight look like a noun, this 思い should be seen as part of a verb. In fact, `[V\nます-stem]-はする／しない` and `[V ます-stem]-もする／しない` work for any verb.\n\n> こんなのんびり過ごすことになるなんて思わなかったよ [without も]\n\nこんなのんびり過ごすことになる is a quoted clause that denotes what the speakers didn’t\n(even) think. So the verb なる is used inside a separate clause from する\n(actually 思う). なんて here works as a quotation marker with a dismissive tone. In\nthis particular context, it emphasizes the unexpectedness of the result (along\nwith まさか) compared to just と（は）.\n\n> こんなのんびり過ごすことになると（は）思わなかったよ [without も and なんて]\n\nこんなのんびり過ごす indeed modifies こと, but the subject of なる is not “my thoughts.”\nRemember the whole of こんなのんびり過ごすことになる is what the speaker didn’t think. “My\nthoughts” don’t kick in yet. The subject here is like “it” referring to the\nsituation surrounding the speaker. ことになる adds a sense of “to turn out” or “to\nend up.”\n\n> こんなのんびり過ごすと（は）思わなかったよ [without も, なんて and ことになる]", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T14:31:29.800", "id": "99969", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T14:31:29.800", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99966", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "This is part of a reading comprehension question in the JLPT 1 exam. [Complete\nquestion](https://translationifk.com/ja/luyen-thi-jlpt-n1-ngu-phap-va-doc-\nhieu-de-so-1-ifk/).\n\nIt's actually an excerpt from 「(ほんとうの自分）のつくり方ーー自己物語の心理学」\n\n> 自分の姿がおぼろげにしか見えないうちから、まずは語ることを始めなければならない\n\nWhat does ないうちから mean? And what does the entire sentence mean?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T10:02:19.973", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99967", "last_activity_date": "2023-07-31T09:37:09.407", "last_edit_date": "2023-07-31T09:37:09.407", "last_editor_user_id": "56959", "owner_user_id": "45347", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "What is the meaning of うちから", "view_count": 230 }

[ { "body": "「○○うちから(内から)」 means \"starting from when ○○ is the case\".\n\nMy guess is that the quoted setence is from literature, and it gives me a very\nsurreal impression. The speaker seems to has a strong belief, something like\nsense of duty, and/or be determined. So I'm not sure how accurate I can\nexplain, but the speaker seems to be suggesting that he/she must start\nspeaking while s/he can only see themselves vaguely. Anyway a quite unusual\nsituation!\n\nThe use of 「うちから」 in the quoted answer [Difference between うちに and\nうちから](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42075/) is different from yours,\nbut I [gave a detailed\nexplanation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/100045/) there about\n「うちに」and 「うちから」.\n\nBTW you asked about 「ないうちから」, but that ない is paired with the preceding 「しか」,\ni.e. 「しか...ない」 = there's only.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T13:28:38.367", "id": "100021", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-23T02:43:22.243", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-23T02:43:22.243", "last_editor_user_id": "56839", "owner_user_id": "56839", "parent_id": "99967", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "うち in this case means \"enclosure\". It could be a group of things, a time\nperiod, etc.\n\nThis is the clause that modifies うち\n\n> 自分の姿がおぼろげにしか見えない\n\n> A shape of yourself (kind of like your true self) is nothing but vaguely\n> visible.\n\nAdding うちから\n\n> 自分の姿がおぼろげにしか見えないうちから \n> From the enclosure (of time) when your shape is nothing but vaguely visible\n\nThe whole sentence:\n\n> 自分の姿がおぼろげにしか見えないうちから、まずは語ることを始めなければならない \n> From the enclosure (of time) when a shape of yourself is nothing but\n> vaguely visible, firstly you must start talking (to yourself).\n\nI think the nuance of うちから is something like \"as soon as\". We also have まず...\n\nSo, idiomatically:\n\n> As soon as you get a glimpse of your true self, you must, before anything\n> else, start talking to yourself.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-07-23T16:04:26.177", "id": "100353", "last_activity_date": "2023-07-23T16:04:26.177", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56959", "parent_id": "99967", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "So I am currently in Japan for vacation and also some short work visit and had\nthe chance to use Japanese a little. I learnt things mostly from reading, so I\nstruggled to formulate things verbally in spontaneous conversation. I can\nspeak enough to go for shopping and restaurants using just Japanese, but not\ngood enough for long casual chats (I can understand but cannot formulate\nreplies well).\n\nOne thing that came to mind was this: I wanted to ask (1) \"How should I\naddress you?\" and (2) \"should I call you the owner (of the guesthouse)?\"\n\nI know sometimes we do not need to use things like 「あなた」, but is 「あなた」the\nright word for \"you\" when speaking to the owner of a guesthouse I am staying?\n\nFor (1), presumably that's more like asking for name, so I thought it's not\nquite right --- is 「なんてお呼び良ければいいんでしょうか」 correct?\n\nFor (2), my first guess was 「大家さんと呼ぶのはいいんでしょうか」, is this fine or what's the\nrefinement?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T10:10:24.073", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99968", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T10:10:24.073", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "26607", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "words", "politeness", "second-person-pronouns" ], "title": "How to address someone like the owner of a guesthouse", "view_count": 74 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "Jisho says that 専 (せん) can be used as a prefix with meaning \"having a fetish\nfor ...; specializing in ...; majoring in ...​\".\n\n<https://jisho.org/search/%E5%B0%82>\n\nHowever, I can't find any example with this prefix.\n\nThen, I've tried to create my own example.\n\n専白兵戦のファイター (fighter specializing in close combat)\n\nbut I don't know if this would be okay or wrong.\n\n**Could you please correct this if needed and give me other examples of the\nusage of the prefix 専 (せん)?**\n\nI would like to understand how is this prefix used.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T17:50:40.413", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99970", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-15T17:50:40.413", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "47013", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "prefixes" ], "title": "Examples with prefix 専 (せん)", "view_count": 81 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "99972", "answer_count": 1, "body": "After getting an answer to\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/99966/43676) question I came\nacross this\n[article](https://maggiesensei.com/2017/06/26/verb-%E2%86%92noun-%E3%80%9C%E3%81%AF%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-%E3%80%9C%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-%E3%80%9C%E3%82%84%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-wa-\nshinai-mo-shinai-y/) which states (without giving an alternative) that you\ncan't say:\n\n> 1.「歌い もしない」- \"Can't even sing\" \n> 2.「書き もしない」- \"Can't even write\"\n\nThe reason given is that you can't form a noun out of 「歌う」and 「書く」this way. \nIf this is the case then how can one say \"Can't even sing\\write\"?\n\nAs a side note I find it ironic that I can't even write \"I can't even write\".\n\nThanks!", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-15T22:00:06.520", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99971", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-16T02:41:20.377", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-16T00:36:40.130", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "41223", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "verbs", "negation", "nouns", "particle-も" ], "title": "ます-stem + もしない with 歌う and 書く", "view_count": 128 }

[ { "body": "The article doesn’t say you can’t say 歌いもしない and 書きもしない. You can. It says you\ncan’t take out the ます-stem of any verb and take it as a noun. You read it the\nway you did because you assume anything that comes before any particle must be\na noun.\n\n書きもしない is a valid form that means someone doesn’t even write (something).\nThere is no sense of potentiality in it. To add it, you have roughly two\noptions.\n\nOne is to turn the verb into its potential form and put it in the `[V ます-\nstem]-もしない` pattern.\n\n> 書けもしない\n\nAlternatively, you can first turn the verb into a noun phrase with こと and make\nit the object (or grammatical subject) of できる.\n\n> 書くこともできない", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-16T02:33:34.807", "id": "99972", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-16T02:41:20.377", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-16T02:41:20.377", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99971", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I know that one of the ways of getting a noun from a verb is by taking the\nい-stem (or the ます-stem as some call it) of the verb. However I came across\nthis:\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OO4eK.png)\n\nTaken from\n[here](https://maggiesensei.com/2017/06/26/verb-%E2%86%92noun-%E3%80%9C%E3%81%AF%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-%E3%80%9C%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-%E3%80%9C%E3%82%84%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-wa-\nshinai-mo-shinai-y/), where it says that there are some verbs that you can't\ndo that with. I was wondering if there is some list of verbs that you can't\nmake a noun out of their い-stem or are they too numerous to count (and\ntherefore I will have to find them out through trial and error).\n\nThanks!", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-16T06:09:45.500", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99973", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-16T06:09:45.500", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41223", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "verbs", "nouns" ], "title": "Verbs that cannot be taken as nouns in their い-stem (ます-stem)", "view_count": 73 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I am currently studying this Kanji. In addition to the original meaning of\n_rice_ , it also has other meanings of _meter_ (SI unit of length) and\n_America_. In English and my mother tongue Indonesian, \"America/Amerika\" can\nrefer to two things: the continent, and the country (United States of\nAmerica). I have seen 米's usage in books and TV news to refer to the USA, and\nI wonder if the Kanji 米 is also used to refer to the continent of America.\nThank you!", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-16T13:20:47.190", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99975", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-16T18:52:37.870", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "25578", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "kanji", "loanwords" ], "title": "If 米 can be used to refer to America as a country (USA), can it also refer to America as a continent?", "view_count": 132 }

[ { "body": "There are a few words where the 米 kanji is used to mean \"America\" in the\ncontinental or regional sense, as opposed to the specific country of the\nUnited States of America:\n\n * 北米【ほくべい】: North America\n * 南米【なんべい】: South America\n * 中米【ちゅうべい】: Central America\n * 中南米【ちゅうなんべい】: Central and South America (sometimes erroneously used to refer to Latin America -- erroneous, because Mexico is in North America, and is generally not included in [Central America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_America))\n * 米州【べいしゅう】: the Americas -- North and South America collectively", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-16T18:52:37.870", "id": "99977", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-16T18:52:37.870", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "99975", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "Even ための？ For example is pronouncing the following sentence like this correct\n旅行ため\\の準\\備 or is it just 旅行ための準\\備", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-16T15:28:55.960", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99976", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-16T15:28:55.960", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56235", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "pitch-accent" ], "title": "Is ため always 尾高?", "view_count": 91 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "99991", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm transcribing a song with Japanese lyrics as sheet music but am unsure how\nto approach using kanji.\n\nHere's an example:\n\n\n\nCurrently, I front-load the kanji on the first note so that it is immediately\nobvious what word is being said. The downside is that it doesn't really\nprovide any useful information about how the syllables should be sung, so I\nhave to rely on furigana.\n\nIdeally, I would like to space out the kanji to align with the notes. However,\nI am hesitant because I am unsure if that would make it more confusing to\nread. For instance, in the above example, I fear that separating 空 and 想 could\nlead to a misreading of 空.\n\nI've also considered not using kanji at all and only using kana. I've seen\nsome sheet music that does this.\n\nI am wondering what the best approach to this is. Are my worries warranted, or\ndo you think the furigana is enough? Is there already some standard for\nnotating lyrics that I can follow?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-17T03:58:05.820", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99978", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T16:04:57.120", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56803", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "kanji", "song-lyrics", "transcription" ], "title": "What is the proper way to notate Japanese lyrics in sheet music?", "view_count": 114 }

[ { "body": "Generally, kana are placed below the musical notes, and lyrics with kanji are\nplaced separately if necessary\n([example](http://ototama.com/music/folksong/score.php?id=136)). Putting both\nkanji and hiragana, as you suggest, may be one possible solution, but it is\nnot a common practice.\n\nActually, 空想 is a least problematic example; each kanji has only one\nconsonant, and it's unlikely to misread it even if there's some space, or even\na line break, between 空 and 想. But there are many problematic kanji words,\nespecially _jukujikun_ words such as [明日\n(あした)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/83385/5010). Ideographic\ncharacters are basically not really suitable for your purpose.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-18T16:04:57.120", "id": "99991", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T16:04:57.120", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99978", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "So I saw somewhere that 聞いていない could mean \"wasn't listening\", or \"didn't hear\nanything\" but if they are all in the past, wouldn't they be 聞いていなかった?\n\n聞く is a continous action, so 聞いている would mean listening, or has listened, so\nthats why I'm kind of confused?\n\nIts been a while since I learned this, so if I'm just messing something up,\nthx for the explanation. ありがとうございます", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-17T05:14:40.233", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99979", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-25T05:06:34.607", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55638", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation" ], "title": "聞いていない different meanings", "view_count": 113 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "99983", "answer_count": 1, "body": "So I was watching a podcast for japanese learners and they gave\n行楽日和、お散歩日和、お洗濯日和..as examples.\n\nSo now I am asking myself, can I attach 日和 only to certain things or to\nanything that fits the context? Would for example 水泳日和 work to say like \"great\nweather for swimming\", or 自転車に乗ること日和 for \"great weather to ride on a bike\" or\n花見日和. Would it work to use it like this?\n\nOr to put the question simple: How exactly is 日和 used?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-17T09:56:42.683", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99980", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-17T14:17:09.047", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55486", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "words", "usage", "expressions" ], "title": "Question about the expression 日和: Can it be used with any activity or just with certain set expressions?", "view_count": 66 }

[ { "body": "Yes, generally you can use whatever noun (or verbs in 連用形) that fits the\ncontext. But 自転車に乗ること日和 is too clumsy (verb-こと 日和 is too complex to fit in\nthis form). Simply 自転車日和 is enough, or サイクリング日和．\n\nThe example you listed has actual usage:\n\n * Everyone waits for お花見日和, so it's often mentioned in weather forecasts in spring. Weathernews: [午後もお花見日和続く](https://weathernews.jp/s/topics/202303/280105/).\n * [水泳日和](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B0%B4%E6%B3%B3%E6%97%A5%E5%92%8C%22) is often seen in school news.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-17T14:17:09.047", "id": "99983", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-17T14:17:09.047", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4223", "parent_id": "99980", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "1. A claim regularly cited is that for younger speakers, devoicing and pitch accent are orthogonal features; i.e. the accent kernel is not shifted away from devoiced morae and neither is devoicing prevented by the presence of an accent kernel. **If I see myself as part of this cohort, is it advisable to try and acquire a pitch accent system where these two features are orthogonal?**\n\n 2. _吹く_ and similar verbs are, from what I can see, uncritically described as either 頭高 or 尾高 by all dictionaries (which is to say, both patterns are given without qualifications and with purported equal viability). My view is that such verbs are 起伏式 and that, e.g. ふく{HL} is the default realization while the 尾高 realization is only possible if (1) the ふ is situationally devoiced, and (2) the speaker is a \"devoicing-shifts-kernel\"-type speaker (which are in the majority AFAICT but the condition is still necessary). **Is this view accurate?**\n\n 3. I have found that I seem to unconsciously \"reverse-engineer\" the effects devoicing has on pitch accent; _四季_ , for instance, always sounds like 頭高 to me even when it \"surfaces\" as 尾高 when pronounced devoiced by a \"devoicing-shifts-kernel\"-type speaker. I would even go as far as to posit that a hypothetical genuine 尾高 pronunciation of _四季_ would be better-than-chance discriminable from the situationally arising \"devoice-shifted-頭高\" pronunciation, but this is beyond the scope of this thread. However, this intuition has also led me astray, I assumed e.g. _口々_ to be 頭高 (I have never heard it undevoiced) which was disproved by the NHK accent dictionary which only records it as 中高. Shifting the accent kernel due to devoicing is non-injective, so there is always some ambiguity as long as only one (kind of) data point is available. Some of these ambiguities can be resolved by class membership (which explains that e.g. _ぷかぷか_ is only truly 頭高) and other higher level pitch accent concepts, but none of these apply to _口々_ AFAICT. **When a native speaker hears an unknown word (to which no pitch accent constraint pertains) with the accent locus immediately following a devoiced mora, do they always perceive the \"underlying\" accent to be exactly on the mora they heard it on or do they also unconsciously reverse-engineer the accent to some degree?** This could be tested by asking them to recite the word without devoicing and observing whether they shift the accent or not. When it comes to my own personal, non-native intuition, this kind of reverse-engineering primarily (exclusively?) happens for [2]-words, either because [2]-中高-words are statistically less common than later 中高-words or, more plausibly, because [2]-words where the first mora is devoiced have an overall pitch shape that is very similar to that of 頭高 words.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-17T12:22:57.043", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99981", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-17T18:45:03.113", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56734", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "pitch-accent" ], "title": "On the interplay between pitch accent and devoicing in Standard Japanese", "view_count": 109 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "99986", "answer_count": 1, "body": "This is hard to explain in a title, so here is an example of what I mean. In\nEnglish, we can say things like:\n\n> If you haven't noticed, the entry's actually over on the other side.\n\nNoticing where the entry is and it being in that location are not\nconditionally related, so the 'if' here is more like \"I'm telling you this\njust in case you haven't noticed, but...\".\n\nCan any of the Japanese equivalents of 'if' like 〜たら, 〜ば, or なら be used in a\nsimilar manner?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-17T12:55:18.737", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99982", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T12:25:28.580", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-20T12:25:28.580", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "33212", "post_type": "question", "score": 6, "tags": [ "grammar", "conditionals" ], "title": "Can 'if' be used with a 'meta' meaning in Japanese?", "view_count": 232 }

[ { "body": "I don’t think so. They all sound weird.\n\n> x 気づいてなかったら、入り口は実は反対側にあります。 \n> x 気づいてなければ、入り口は実は反対側にあります。 \n> x 気づいてないなら、入り口は実は反対側にあります。 \n> x 気づいてない場合（は）、入り口は実は反対側にあります。\n\nThe last one sounds to me the least bad, but still weird.\n\nI would probably say:\n\n> 気づいてないかもしれませんが、入り口は実は反対側にあります。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-17T17:21:18.320", "id": "99986", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-17T17:21:18.320", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99982", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "The question explains that Lana is bringing friends that cannot eat pork or\nbeef, and to circle which restaurants would be appropriate based on that.\nRestaurant 4 clearly states that there is both beef and vegetables available,\nso I allowed it as a candidate. But when I looked at the answer it was not\nincluded. If there is a vegetable option, how come this is not included as\npart of the answer? [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ImFRF.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KUOlW.png)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-17T14:44:43.223", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99984", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T10:02:13.997", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56807", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "jlpt" ], "title": "Query regarding example question 28 in N1 Shin Kanzen Master Dokkai", "view_count": 106 }

[ { "body": "Because they are specialised in\n[しゃぶしゃぶ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%B6%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%B6).\nThey do serve vegetables, so technically someone who doesn't eat beef could\nsurvive in the restaurant, but the whole restaurant is focused on beef.\nImagine a steakhouse, whose salad is also tasty. You'd not want to bring a\nfriend who doesn't eat beef there.\n\n* * *\n\nI'll add some more information after getting some upvotes:\n\n * In order to solve this question, what you'll have to read is the third column (特徴), which states beef and vegetable is featured in the restaurant. It's a question aimed at determining your language level, so don't think too much about the detail. Beef is one of the main component of the restaurant, therefore it's out. Restaurant 2 and 3 _might_ serve beef too? The friend avoid beef and pork perhaps because of a very sensitive allergy, so you'll have to be careful about the structure of the kitchen? Don't worry about that.\n * I cannot say your reasoning is entirely flawed. If I were you and if this were an exam in class, I'd talk to the teacher and see if my answer could also be accepted. This is not, so consider that you took an approach that wasn't expected by the creator of the question, and that the question wasn't created with the deepest care, and learn that this is probably the level of detail in the exam. And move on, it's a tiny disagreement.\n\nIn a totally different layer, in real life, don't bring anyone who don't eat\nbeef to a beef-しゃぶしゃぶ restaurant. Vegetables served in しゃぶしゃぶ restaurants are\nbasically for garnish: you'll enjoy them, I'll have large amount and be happy\nbecause I love vegetables. But not without beef.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-17T15:36:34.690", "id": "99985", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T10:02:13.997", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-18T10:02:13.997", "last_editor_user_id": "4223", "owner_user_id": "4223", "parent_id": "99984", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99989", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I am trying to translate a song from Sayonara, Zetsubou-Sensei (Private Lesson\nby Yuu Kobayashi).\n\nThis is the complete stanza:\n\n水兵リーベ・悪いボク\n\nシップスクラーク・いけないわ\n\nひと晩中ひと見頃\n\n富士山麓オウム返しに\n\nRepeat after me 今夜の授業は\n\n真面目ぶった生態を小テストよ\n\nIn romaji:\n\n```\n\n suihei riibe warui boku\n shippusu kuraaku ikenai wa\n hitobanjuu hito migoro\n fujisanroku oumugaeshi ni\n repeat after me kon'ya no jugyou wa\n majime butta seitai wo shoutesuto yo\n \n```\n\nThe line which is troubling me is the fourth one: 富士山麓オウム返しに\n\nI do have a fan-subbed version of this line as: \"So repeat after me,\n2.2360679\", which makes no sense to me, as the original line is not related to\nsquare root of 5 in anyway. I suspect there might be a contextual meaning to\nthis line rather than a literal translation (which I think is roughly: to\nrepeat/mimic something like a parrot(?) at the foot of Mount Fuji).\n\nProbably the translator just added square root of 5 for no reason whatsoever?\nPlease I would like to know what might have been the case.\n\nThanks in advance.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-18T09:38:00.977", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99988", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T13:17:30.143", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-18T13:12:14.423", "last_editor_user_id": "4223", "owner_user_id": "46744", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "translation", "mnemonics" ], "title": "What is the meaning of 富士山麓オウム返しに?", "view_count": 1011 }

[ { "body": "These lines are famous mnemonics that everyone learns in highschool (or\njunior-high).\n\nFor atomic periodic table, we have 「水兵リーベ僕の船，七曲りシップス クラークか」\n\n * 水{すい}[H, for 水素=hydrogen] 兵{へい} [He], リーベ [Li + Be, as in Geman Liebe], 僕の [B, C, N, O] 船 [F, Ne] → \"Seaman, his love(r), and my ship.\"/ The reference to German Liebe is not obvious, and it seems there are many who regard it to be just a name (リーベ the sailor...). My teacher of chemistry taught us with Liebe(love), and after googling a bit I'd say neither is minority. Thanks [@aguijonazo](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/43676/aguijonazo)\n * 七曲り [Na, Mg, Al], シップス [Si, P, S → Ships], クラークか[Cl, Ar, K, Ca: Probably a mention to [William S. Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Clark) who had strong connection to us) → Making a turn seven times, ships, is it Clark?\n\nFor square roots:\n\n * √2 → 一夜{ひとよ}一夜{ひとよ}に人見頃{ひとみごろ} = Night after night, it's good time to watching people \n * more specifically, 1=ひと. 4よ，1ひと4よ2に1ひと3み5ご6ろ\n * √3 → 人並み{ひとなみ}に奢れ{おごれ}や = Treat others (as in paying for the bill at the restaurant) just as others do! \n * 1ひと.7な3み2に0お5ご0れ8や\n * √5 → 富士山麓オウム鳴く = A parrot sings in the mountain of Fuji \n * 2ふ.2じ3さん6ろく0おう6む7な9く\n\nThese lines (1) strongly reminds us of our school days and make the whole\nlyrics bear the atomosphere, (2) connects to the phrase \"repeat after me\" via\nオウム返し. The first line (水兵リーベ) perhaps adds an flirting/romantic air to the\nsong, but as I wrote above, the reference might not be shared by everyone.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-18T10:23:14.203", "id": "99989", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T13:17:30.143", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-18T13:17:30.143", "last_editor_user_id": "4223", "owner_user_id": "4223", "parent_id": "99988", "post_type": "answer", "score": 11 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "For giving/receiving among people other than me, my family, my friends or\nanyone I am close with (外->外), the book says to use あげる. もらう can also be used\nfor anyone->anyone. Is it wrong to use くれる for 外->外?\n\nTo be precise, if A and B are in 外(soto), A->B,\n\nWe can say AがBにCをあげました。 BがAにCをもらいました。\n\nBut is it wrong to say? AがBにCをくれました。\n\nIf I see this sentence, can I assume that B is in 内 of the speaker?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-18T13:59:41.127", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99990", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-19T08:43:28.420", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-19T03:09:10.980", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "55324", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "word-choice", "usage", "word-usage", "giving-and-receiving" ], "title": "Use of くれる among 外", "view_count": 114 }

[ { "body": "Apart from this special\n[usage](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6405/43676), you can safely\nassume くれる is exclusively used when the recipient is someone the speaker\nconsiders to be in their in-group.\n\nThat’s when it is used as a standalone verb. It is not always the case when it\nis used as a helper verb in the `[V て-form]-くれる` construction, in which case\nthe speaker feels benefited by the action of the verb regardless of who the\nrecipient of that action may be.\n\nIf you feel benefited from someone giving some object to someone you don’t\nconsider to be in your in-group, you can say あげてくれる. In the first of the two\nsentences below, the cat is most certainly yours. In the second, it could be a\nstray cat you couldn’t stand watching starving.\n\n> 知らない人が猫に餌をくれた。\n>\n> 知らない人が猫に餌をあげてくれた。\n\n(Some might say this use of あげる is incorrect and it should be やる, but it is\nnot uncommon.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-19T08:43:28.420", "id": "99997", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-19T08:43:28.420", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99990", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "99994", "answer_count": 1, "body": ">\n> 立憲君主制を取るヴェレンシア国では、王族は政治家ではなく、外交官としての役割を期待される。諸外国に外遊し、自国のイメージを高め、商品や技術を高く売るのが王族の仕事だ。ヴァレンシア国のスポークスマンと言ってもいい。\n> そのため、王族の子女の世話をする保母や従者 **には、ネイティブの外国人が二年の任期でつく**\n> 。王子、または王女が、公用語であるヴェレンシア語とドイツ語が話せるようになる三歳から十七歳で成人するまでの十五年間、ずっとそれが繰り返される。\n\nThe heroin here is from a country where royalty job is to be \"salarymen\" of\ntheir country,basically thus they have educators every two years who are\nnatives of other countries . What baffles me is that the sentence\n保母や従者には、ネイティブの外国人が二年の任期でつく syntax is a little strange to my eyes , is it\nnatural?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-18T17:39:50.030", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99993", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-19T15:08:36.830", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-19T15:08:36.830", "last_editor_user_id": "50156", "owner_user_id": "50156", "post_type": "question", "score": -2, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "syntax", "sentence" ], "title": "Is this the use of には in this scentence natural?", "view_count": 98 }

[ { "body": "Yes that is a natural sentence. If it's に that threw you off, note that it is\na [role marker](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/82916/5010) ( _as/for_ )\nhere.\n\n> 王族の子女の世話をする保母や従者には、ネイティブの外国人が二年の任期でつく。 \n> As babysitters or attendants to care for the royal children, native\n> foreigners serve for a two-year term.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-18T17:59:44.587", "id": "99994", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T17:59:44.587", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "99993", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "The sentence is from the やさしい日本語 blog. The author is talking about 残り湯 and\nwhat to do with it.\n\n最近は、毎日お風呂にお湯をためて入っています。そのお湯（残り湯）をどうするのか？ **毎日捨てるのも、もったいない。** ですから、洗たくに使っています。\n\nCould you explain the meaning/function of も in the sentence in bold? It\ndoesn't seem to mean \"also\" or \"even\"....", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-19T03:34:34.583", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99996", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-19T03:52:50.937", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55328", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particles" ], "title": "meaning of も in 毎日捨てるのも、もったいない。", "view_count": 36 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "Apparently, the correct pitch accent of 問題なだけなのだ is: もんだいな{HHHHH} ・\nだけなのだ{LHLLL} (two accent phrases)\n\nI don't understand why だけ creates a new accent phrase here (I don't think it\nusually does) and why there is a drop after だけ. I would like to learn the more\ngeneral rules that explain the pitch behavior of なだけなのだ in this phrase.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-19T17:05:32.857", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99998", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-19T17:05:32.857", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56734", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "pitch-accent" ], "title": "Pitch accent of 問題なだけなのだ", "view_count": 116 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "100000", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In this [video](https://youtu.be/tBkqfH-Eocg?t=225) at around 3m:44s she says:\n\n～狩りというのは、いちご狩りのような、果物を自分で取ることや、潮干狩りのように、海で貝をとることに使うので、・・\n\nWhy does she use のような the first time but のように the second time?\n\nMy own guess would be that if we'd look at the clauses individually we have\nいちご狩りのような、果物を自分で取ること. So basically ending in a nound 取ること and therfore な is\nused. And then we have 潮干狩りのように、海で貝をとることに使う ending in the verb 使う and therfore\nに is used. So like an adjective, adverb thing.\n\nBut on second thought this sound stupid because 使う is reffering to both\nclauses, right? I'm probably overthinking this waaay to much and the answer is\nsuper obvious.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-19T21:18:44.993", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "99999", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T01:21:37.427", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-20T01:08:31.553", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "55486", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Why is it one time のような and the other time のように (context: see text)", "view_count": 681 }

[ { "body": "It doesn’t mean anything. Both could have been な or に.\n\nHaving said that, if anything affected the speaker’s choice on an unconscious\nlevel, it could be either of the following, or both.\n\n 1. There are multiple similar activities in the first category, such as ぶどう狩り, なし狩り, etc. いちご狩り is given as an example of them. Hence _things like strawberry picking_. In contrast, 潮干狩り is the only thing in its category, making _things like shellfish gathering_ less natural. The adverbial usage avoids that.\n 2. The latter is simply closer to 使う, the main verb. いちご狩りのように in the first part would be understood as modifying 取る.\n\nBut that would be too much thinking.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T01:21:37.427", "id": "100000", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T01:21:37.427", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "99999", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100002", "answer_count": 2, "body": "So when doing textbooks, it just asks me to write translate from english to\njapanese. The sentence I was just doing was, \"Since my family will come to\nJapan, I will show them around Kyoto. In this one sentence, does it matter if\nI use は or が? 家族は/家族が\n\nDo you think が or は works better?\n\nMy thinking is that you use は when you want to emphasize what comes next, and\nが for when you want to emphasize when comes before.\n\nIf someone asked me, what is your family doing? Then I think は would be\nbetter, or if someone asked me who is coming to Japan, I think が would work\nbetter.\n\nBut here, in one setences lines and stuff, is there really one thing you want\nto empasize? I could be totally wrong, in which case feel free to correct me.\nありがとうございます", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T02:18:33.457", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100001", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T18:55:28.120", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-20T04:05:07.737", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "55638", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "particles", "は-and-が" ], "title": "Does it matter to use が or は in one sentence lines, for example: textbook questions?", "view_count": 105 }

[ { "body": "The correct particle choice depends mainly on whether 私の家族 is already in the\n[\"universe of discourse\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/51/5010). If\nyou mention your family for the first time in the conversation, you would say\n\"私の家族 **が** 来月日本に来るので...\". However, in the last half of an essay about your\nfamily, you say \"私の家族 **は** 来月日本に来るので...\".\n\nIf this is the only sentence in a translation task and no further context is\navailable, it's probably better to choose が.\n\n(By the way, you should not \"thank in advance\" like that. Please read\n[this](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/q/820/5010).)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T04:11:39.267", "id": "100002", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T09:59:22.887", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-20T09:59:22.887", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100001", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "From what I learned, I will say the sentence as 私の家族が日本に来るので、私は京都を案内します。 As\nthe major subject is you, you are indicating that you are doing something. The\nfirst half of the sentence is more of the reasoning for why you are doing\nthis. On the other hand, when someone is asking what is your family doing, the\nsubject is your family! Hence why you will usually use は.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T18:55:28.120", "id": "100014", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T18:55:28.120", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56824", "parent_id": "100001", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100086", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I found the following sentence online; it's a comment about three players A,\nB, and C that regularly compete against each other.\n\n> Aに勝てるのがBだけでBに勝てるのはCだけなの良いな\n\nTo me it seems like the structure of both subclauses (Aに勝てるのがBだけで and\nBに勝てるのはCだけなの) is really similar, so what warrants the change from が to は in\nthis scenario? Is it the proximity of the latter subclause to the main\npredicate?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T08:55:51.387", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100003", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T09:05:46.833", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "33212", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "は-and-が" ], "title": "Alternation between が and は in seemingly identical sentence structure", "view_count": 111 }

[ { "body": "I think all four possible combinations are fine in this instance. When you use\nは, you create a slot that needs to be filled, and then you fill it with the\nanswer. When you use が, you describe a characteristics of something and then\nreveal its identity with your answer (I hope this makes some sense).\n\nFor example, if you say `ご飯にかけられるのは、ふりかけなど` You describe something that needs\nto be filled (what can be put on rice) and then you fill it (ふりかけなど).\n\nIf you say \n`ご飯にかけられるのが、ふりかけ` You describe a characteristic (ご飯にかけられる) and then reveal its\nidentify (ふりかけ).\n\nThis is why this next sentence is slightly odd `ご飯にかけられるのが、ふりかけなど` Because you\nare revealing an identity but it is ambiguous (ふりかけ **など** ).\n\nNow coming back to your original sentence, both work because each thing (A, B,\nC) is unique.\n\nIf we compare\n\n> (1) 空を飛べるのが鳥類などで、海を泳げるのが魚類などで、陸を歩くのが哺乳類など\n\n> (2) 空を飛べるのは鳥類などで、海を泳げるのは魚類などで、陸を歩くのは哺乳類など\n\nIMO (1) is slightly unnatural because you expect something unique (and not\nhave \"etc\"), though I wouldn't say it's downright wrong. In contrast (2) has\nno issues IMO.\n\nIf you make the groups unique, it again reads naturally:\n\n> (3) 空を飛べるのが鳥類、海を泳げるのが魚類、陸を歩くのが哺乳類", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-23T13:50:57.370", "id": "100053", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-23T13:50:57.370", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "100003", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "This is a case where multiple means of emphasis, namely the cleft sentence\nstructure and だけ, and multiple possibly contrasting statements are making the\nchoice of the right particles hard, or in a way easy as all combinations seem\nfine.\n\n> Aに勝てるの **が** Bだけで、Bに勝てるの **は** Cだけだ。\n>\n> Aに勝てるの **が** Bだけで、Bに勝てるの **が** Cだけだ。\n>\n> Aに勝てるの **は** Bだけで、Bに勝てるの **は** Cだけだ。\n>\n> Aに勝てるの **は** Bだけで、Bに勝てるの **が** Cだけだ。\n\nThe first pattern, with が and は in that order as in the original sentence,\nsounds to me like it is explaining the rules centering around B. It first\nstates a characteristic only B possesses, and then goes on to explain another\ncharacteristic of B in terms of its power balance with other things.\n\nThe second and third sentences seem to give equal weight to B and C (which\ncome after が in the second), and A and B (which come before は in the third),\nrespectively.\n\nOnly the last one sounds slightly off to me. The first part seems to focus on\nA, but it is not even mentioned in the second part. If anything, the sentence\nsounds like an explanation about what C is like, with additional information\nabout what it is not: It is not the one that beats A because that’s B.\n\nWithout だけ, the first combination sounds a bit weird to me, at least unless\nsomeone has asked what B is like to solicit this statement. Otherwise, the\nexclusive focus on B in the first part of the sentence seems unwarranted.\n\n> Aに勝てるのがBで、Bに勝てるのはCだ。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-26T09:05:46.833", "id": "100086", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T09:05:46.833", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "100003", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100006", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I can't clearly see the differences between the meanings of 欠く, 欠ける, 欠かせる, and\n欠かせない that I get from resources like Google Translate, Deepl, or wwwjdic. For\nexample, if I enter the following in Deepl\n\n> 彼は時間を欠く。 \n> 彼は時間が欠ける。 \n> 彼は時間を欠かせる。 \n> 彼は時間を欠かせない。\n\n...the translation it produces is\n\n> He lacks time. \n> He lacks time. \n> He lacks time. \n> He lacks time.\n\nThis can't be right (for one thing, the fourth sentence is the direct negation\nof the third one, so their translations can't reasonably be identical).\n\nIf instead I give the same input to Google Translate, I get (sic)\n\n> he lacks time \n> he lacks time \n> he misses time \n> He needs time. \n>\n\nThis is only marginally better: the translations for the third and fourth\nsentences are at least _a little_ different, though much less so than I\nexpected.\n\n(In fairness to these tools, I must admit that some of the original sentences\nmay be malformed, or at least weird. Please let me know if this is the case.\nIn particular, I am insecure about the particles between 時間 and the verbs.)\n\n* * *\n\n**Q** : Can someone give me four sentences that clearly illustrate the\ndifferences among these four verbs?\n\n**Q** : Regarding the last Japanese sentence in particular (彼は時間を欠かせない), how\ndoes it compare to the following variant1?\n\n> 彼は時間を欠かせなければいけない。 \n>\n\n* * *\n\nFWIW, my best guess (and it is just a guess!) is that the _literal_\ntranslations four the original four sentences above are something like\n\n> He lacks time. \n> Time is lacked by him. \n> He makes/lets time lack. \n> He does not make/let time lack. \n>\n\nGranted, the first two translations have essentially the same general meaning,\nthough differently worded. The last two literal translations sound\nparticularly stilted. Slightly more idiomatic ones would be:\n\n> It is okay/possible for him to lack time. (= He does not require time.) \n> It is not okay/possible for him to lack time. (= He requires time.)\n\n* * *\n\n1The original version of my post included a second variant that I now think is\ndownright ungrammatical, so I deleted it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T10:40:49.143", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100005", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T13:28:38.457", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-20T10:49:54.387", "last_editor_user_id": "1749", "owner_user_id": "1749", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "morphology" ], "title": "欠く vs. 欠ける vs. 欠かせる vs. 欠かせない", "view_count": 110 }

[ { "body": "You should keep in mind that machine translators will try to make a guess even\nif you enter completely invalid sentences. Unfortunately, among the first four\nsentences in your question, only the first one is barely acceptable, and the\nremaining three are nonsensical.\n\nNext, 欠かせる is actually the potential form of another verb, **欠かす**. 欠かせない is\nits negative version. (You seem to be thinking 欠かせる is the causative form of\n欠く, but it's almost never used this way, just as the causative version of 動く\nis always 動かす and never 動かせる. Read\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/86621/5010) if you're confused.)\n\n * **(Xを)欠く** (godan): A transitive verb meaning \"to lack X\". This is a highly stiff and bookish verb, and you should avoid this in ordinary conversations. Besides, this is normally used with something that someone/something should have _as an integral part_ ; simply not having X is not enough. Time is not part of 彼, so that's why 彼は時間を欠く is unnatural, if not 100% incomprehensive. You should almost always say 彼には時間がない or 彼には時間が足りない instead.\n\n * 彼は誠実さを欠く。(bookish)\n * 右の角を欠いた猛獣 (bookish)\n * 厳密さを欠いた理論 (bookish)\n * **(Xが)欠ける** (ichidan): An intransitive verb meaning \"(for X) to lack\", \"(for X) to miss\". Usually used in the form 欠けている (\"X is lacking/missing\"), but 欠けた is okay [in a relative clause](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11975/5010). Prefer this over 欠く unless you're intentionally writing something stilted.\n\n * 彼(に)は誠実さが欠けている。\n * 右の角が欠けた猛獣 / 右の角が欠けている猛獣\n * 厳密さの欠けた理論 / 厳密さの欠けている理論\n * **(Xを)欠かす** (godan): This is originally the causative form of 欠く, so it's more like \"to allow (someone) to miss X\", \"to do/go without X\", \"to (intentionally) skip X\", etc. 欠かせない is the negative-potential version of this, so it's like \"cannot miss X\" or \"cannot do without X\", \"X is indispensable\", etc.\n\n * 1日運動を欠かすだけで筋肉の量は落ちる。\n * 車を運転するときは絶対にガソリンを欠かすなよ！\n * そのドラマは、毎週欠かさずに見ています。\n * 日本語の読み書きができるようになるには、漢字の勉強が欠かせない。\n\n* * *\n\n> Q: Regarding the last Japanese sentence in particular (彼は時間を欠かせない), how does\n> it compare to the following variant1?\n>\n> 彼は時間を欠かせなければいけない。\n\nBoth seem almost nonsensical to me. If you insist, the former may mean \"He is\nunable to lack time\", and the latter may mean \"He has to be able to make time\nlacking\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T12:09:08.897", "id": "100006", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T13:28:38.457", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-20T13:28:38.457", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100005", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "In the sentence \"nanika osagashi desu ka?\" (Are you looking for something), in\nwhich tense is \"osagashi\"? Why is it not osagashimasu?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T13:57:23.627", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100007", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T12:44:53.860", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-21T15:16:19.913", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": null, "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "verbs", "tense", "japanese-to-english", "honorifics", "renyōkei" ], "title": "The tense of osagashi", "view_count": 196 }

[ { "body": "“Osagasi” in this sentence is noun so it’s irrelevant to tense. I think the\nsentence is more like “Are you in search of something?” The verb in this\nsentence is “desu(ka)”, which is present tense.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T16:31:32.417", "id": "100009", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T16:31:32.417", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "19583", "parent_id": "100007", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "First off: it seems that by \"tense\" you really mean _conjugation_ - the\ncomplete set of changes (inflections) made to a verb in order to indicate\ntense (past/present/future), aspect (finished/ongoing/repeatedly\noccurring/etc.), mood (active/passive/hypothetical/command/etc.), etc. I don't\nthink you are really confused about whether the sentence refers to past,\npresent or future, but simply about why there is no \"masu\" ending.\n\nThe sentence does mean \"Are you searching for something?\" although of course\nthe \"you\" is implied. (We could also suppose that the implied subject is,\ne.g., \"the thing that you're doing\".) In a hyper-literal translation - to show\nhow the grammar works - we might say something like \"do [you] exist in the\nstate of searching for something?\". It means this because \"desu\" is a copula\n(one of the functions that the verb \"to be\" has in English), and \"osagashi\" is\nessentially \"searching\" in a noun-like way (like, the state/condition of\nsearching), thus \"osagashi\" + \"desu\" forms a verb that means something like\n\"to be searching\".\n\n* * *\n\nIn case you feel like digging in to way more gory details than are actually\nneeded in order to understand it:\n\nThe verb [お]{o}[探]{saga}[す]{su} means to search for something1 (the \"o\" is\njust an honorific here2), and [お]{o}[探]{saga}[し]{shi} is its i-stem, or \"masu-\nstem\". However, the i-stem is not a proper conjugation of a verb by itself.\nRather, in general it's something more like a gerund (i.e., an abstract noun\nthat describes some event) in English.3 This is noun-like, but has more\nlimited uses than ordinary nouns.\n\nForms like this _can_ go before [で]{de}[す]{su} - however, these cases don't\nwork quite the same way (from an English perspective) as putting an ordinary\nnoun before [で]{de}[す]{su}. [探]{saga}[し]{shi}[で]{de}[す]{su} isn't \"is (equal\nto/an instance of) searching (the act, as an abstract concept)\", but rather\n\"is (exists) searching (a description of the current condition of the\nsubject)\".\n\nThis happens because **Japanese doesn't really have a direct equivalent of the\nEnglish \"is\"** (which is highly ambiguous). [で]{de}[す]{su} is a contraction of\n[で]{de} (the particle) + [あ]{a}[り]{ri}[ま]{ma}[す]{su} (polite form of\n[あ]{a}[る]{ru}). That is, the underlying verb is really \"to exist\", and then we\ndescribe _where or how_ the subject exists, using a で-marked indirect object.\nAlternately, we can say that this で is a connector that can convert a gerund\n(noun-like) into a gerundive4 (adjective/adverb-like) and then join it to the\nfollowing verb.\n\nWe _could_ instead attach the \"masu\" ending5 like you describe, and get\nroughly the same meaning. However, that then has to be the final verb; we\ncan't put \"desu\" after that (it would be sort of like saying \"are you be\nlooking for something?\").\n\n1In English, \"to search for\" is a phrasal verb; we think of the \"for\" as being\npart of the verb itself. When we \"search\" in English, the direct object is the\nplace (especially a container) where we search, and the indirect object is\nwhat we hope to find. \"for\" functions as a marker for indirect objects, and in\nEnglish we can't just skip direct objects for transitive verbs. However,\n\"search for\" lets us swap the objects around (and now we need something like\n\"in\" to mark a place for the search). The Japanese verb most commonly works\nlike \"search for\", rather than like \"search\", although my dictionary suggests\nit can work both ways with a bit of finagling.\n\n2However, maybe you misheard a particle-を before the verb? There should be\none, since [何]{nani}[か]{ka} is the direct object here - per the previous\nfootnote.\n\n3In certain limited cases, this form also becomes a separate, ordinary noun -\nfor example [呼]{よ}び meaning \"call\" as a noun (an invitation, act of calling,\netc.) derived from 呼ぶ (the verb \"to call\"). Anyway, I don't want to say that\nit actually _is_ a gerund, because European grammatical terms were designed\nfor European languages.\n\n4Again, this is an approximation; I don't want to assert that it's correct to\nuse terms like this.\n\n5Getting _really_ pedantic, [ま]{ma}[す]{su} (or sometimes [い]{i}[ま]{ma}[す]{su})\nisn't a \"conjugation\" in the way that \"-ing\" or \"-ed\" is in English; it's an\nactual auxiliary verb. In modern Japanese it would basically never be used on\nits own, but it commonly gets attached to i-stems of other verbs. The reason\nwe don't use [で]{de} here is because the meaning of the verb is more like \"do\"\nthan \"exist\", so we modify it with a description of _what_ is done rather than\n_how_. This is similar to how \"suru verbs\" work.", "comment_count": 15, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T12:44:53.860", "id": "100039", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T12:44:53.860", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "627", "parent_id": "100007", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "How would you say \"count\" as in the legal term counting up the number of legal\ncharges against a person? Or, rather, what is the counter word for a number of\nlegal charges in Japanese? Is it a word like 度 or something?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T15:41:19.767", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100008", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T07:01:59.507", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50120", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "english-to-japanese", "law" ], "title": "Count(s), as in the legal definition of count, in Japanese", "view_count": 65 }

[ { "body": "I suppose it's 件.\n\nFor example, taking from [here](https://settou-bengosi.com/kenrenhan-heigozai-\nsukusukaisetto-ryokei-keijisenmonbengoshi/)\n\n> Ａさんが罪に問われる可能性があるのは、5件の窃盗罪と、それぞれの窃盗で被害者宅の庭に侵入しているため、5件の住居侵入罪です\n\nLikewise, 彼は2件の殺人について起訴された means _He was charged with two counts of murder_.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T07:01:59.507", "id": "100018", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T07:01:59.507", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100008", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "と…とても信じられん…こ…この聖域にまでパワーがとどくなんて\n\nUnbelievable! That the power would reach even this sanctuary...!\n\nLooking for an in depth explanation of the usage of とどく; 届く here, because I've\nread that it means reach as a movement verb that's synonymous with \"arrive\",\nand what it means contextually for the subject here \"パワー\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T18:17:30.817", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100010", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T07:06:33.853", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55531", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "translation", "verbs" ], "title": "とどく; 届く meaning in this sentence", "view_count": 84 }

[ { "body": "It should just mean 'to arrive/reach'.\n\nI suppose the sentence comes from somewhere later in Dragon Ball (super saiyan\n3?), where the power='気' is described as a kind of wave (like かめはめ **波** ).\n\nThe stronger/larger 気 is, the farther it is felt. So the sentence is saying\nthat the power is so strong to be felt even in the remotest place where the\nspeaker is.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T07:06:33.853", "id": "100019", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T07:06:33.853", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100010", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100017", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I came across this sentence in chapter 37 of それでも歩は寄せてくる:\n\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HgWBB.jpg)\n>\n> うるし：「あぶなー… 寒いとか言ってたら歩のことだ」 \n> 歩：「オレの学ランをどうぞ」 \n> うるし：「とか言って私がまた照れちゃうコトを」\n\nNow, what I understand the use of the first こと in which there is an omission\nof \"what about Ayumu\" she is talking about but basically she is saying that It\nwould be bad for her to say stuff like I'm cold because it is Ayumu.\n\nBut the second こと is marked by を and appears **after** the verb (「照れちゃう」)\nwhich makes the whole thing grammatically invalid as far as I understand.\nWhile I understand the two as a whole I I'm having an hard time understanding\nthis コト.\n\nNow it may the case of standard Japanese omission but what is the verb that\ntargets this コト(is it the 照れちゃう? One of the 言ってs and is the コト here refers to\nwhat Ayumu is saying or to something else?\n\nThanks!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T18:29:19.940", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100011", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T04:08:47.773", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-21T04:08:47.773", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "41223", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation", "manga", "particle-を", "reading-comprehension" ], "title": "コトを appears after the verb", "view_count": 90 }

[ { "body": "This コト simply means a “thing” he would do. The omitted verb is most certainly\nする.\n\n照れちゃう coming before it is normal. The clause 私がまた照れちゃう modifies コト.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T03:08:11.543", "id": "100017", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T03:08:11.543", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "100011", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "The pitch accent of ～てしまう is fairly obvious. The pitch accent of the て-form is\nwell-documented and しまう is just a 平板 verb.\n\nAs for the contracted forms ～ちまう and ～ちゃう, I have come across conflicting\ninformation both online as well as in my personal observations.\n\nWhat is the resulting pitch accent when one appends ～ちまう and ～ちゃう to 平板 (する,\n言う, 寝る) and 起伏 (来る, 持つ, 食べる) verbs?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T18:34:27.180", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100012", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T18:34:27.180", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56734", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "pitch-accent", "auxiliaries" ], "title": "Pitch accent of ～ちまう and ～ちゃう", "view_count": 111 }

[]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100016", "answer_count": 2, "body": "My friend asked me if I know what 神仙 means so I tried to look it up and almost\nall the results I got were 神仙 instead of 神仙. Which appearently means something\nlike a hermit or an immortal person that has divine powers. But back to the\nquestion are 神 and 神 basically the same Kanji meaning wise? Maybe someone can\nhelp.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T18:51:50.277", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100013", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T10:06:29.727", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55486", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "kanji" ], "title": "Are 神 and 神 the same?", "view_count": 1800 }

[ { "body": "These are alternative forms of each other.\n\nIt's a bit hard to tease out the details due to the layout of the information,\nbut the Wiktionary entry at <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E> shows\nus that these are ultimately the same thing.\n\nMore specifically, the left-hand portion of these two characters (technically,\nits [radical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_\\(Chinese_characters\\)))\ndiffer only by a minor shift in shape caused by handwriting conventions. It's\na bit like the difference between these two common forms of the lower-case\nletter **A** :\n\n# a\n\n# ɑ\n\nOne has an extra half-loop on the top, commonly used in printed fonts, and the\nbottom is simpler without that extra embellishment, and tends to be more\ncommonly seen in handwriting.\n\nThis kind of simplification is what we see in the \"more traditional\" version\nof the character **神** , and the common \"everyday use\" version of the\ncharacter **神**.\n\nFor the kanji, the two versions of the radical are:\n\n# ⺬\n\n# 礻\n\nThe topmost horizontal bar in the \"traditional\" version on top is simplified\nto just the top [tittle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tittle) on the simpler\nversion below. The second horizontal bar and the left independent line in the\ntop version are combined into the hooked フ second stroke in the simpler lower\nversion.\n\nI think just about all the kanji that include this radical come in similar\npairs -- one with the older radical **⺬** , and one with the simpler version\n**礻**. See also:\n\n * <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9D>\n * <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BC>\n * <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE>\n\n... etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-20T21:10:59.323", "id": "100015", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T21:10:59.323", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "100013", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "Yes, 神 and 神 are basically the same kanji with the same meaning. More\nprecisely, 神 is a [_kyūjitai_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai)\n(historical form), and 神 is the _shinjitai_ (modern form). 神 must be used\nalmost everywhere now, but the old version may be used intentionally to add\nsome flavor in a historical drama and such.\n\nNote that Japanese people do not consider them exactly the same. Native\nspeakers almost certainly notice if the old form (神) suddenly appears in a\nsentence. This cannot be compared to true\n[allographs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allography) such as two modern\nforms of Latin \"a\" or \"g\", or [two modern forms of\nそ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53835/5010), which are hardly\nnoticeable to modern native speakers.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T03:02:16.540", "id": "100016", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T10:06:29.727", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-21T10:06:29.727", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100013", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "The impetus for my question is Vinland Saga, S2E23. Somewhat avoiding\nspoilers, T has belonged to vicious savage vikings all his life. But T, after\nyears of murder, uniquely begins to pursue and espouse peace. After T\nconfronts a great man C, C says of T: \"美しい男だ\". This is translated as \"You're a\nbeautiful man\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MlBOI.png)\n\nThere is obviously no physical/literal aspect to this comment by C. In\nEnglish, it's clear that \"beautiful\" is referring to T's spirit, rather than\nhis physical appearance, and that's what I would have believed from the\nJapanese as well.\n\nBut [looking it up on jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/utsukushii), it says\nthat \"utsukushii\" can also mean \"pure (heart, friendship, etc.)​\". I always\nthought utsukushii was purely associated with \"beauty\", and nothing else. But\njisho.org implies it's strongly associated with purity and other such \"clean\"\nvalues/virtues.\n\nSo my question is: is 美しい simply as nuanced as the word \"beautiful\" is? Or\ndoes could 美しい explicitly imply certain values/ideas in particular (that the\nEnglish word \"beauty\" doesn't imply as directly)? And as a follow-up: is C\nimplying that T is \"pure\" in a derogatory manner (e.g. medetai = naive), or in\na reverent manner?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T15:51:03.730", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100022", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T05:54:21.300", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning", "word-choice", "words", "spoken-language" ], "title": "Utsukushii (美しい) deeper meaning different than just \"beautiful\"?", "view_count": 122 }

[ { "body": "The short answer would be \"There is no deeper meaning than 'beautiful'\".\nWhenever you feel 'beautiful' works as a translation of 美しい, you can use it.\nIf I understand correctly, \"beautiful friendship\" and \"beautiful spirit\" are\nnatural phrases in English, so you can safely use them as the translation of\n美しい友情 and 美しい心, respectively.\n\nHowever, every language has its own set of\n[collocation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collocation) rules, so there can\nbe rare cases where 'beautiful' cannot be idiomatically translated as 美しい, and\nvice versa. For example, Japanese people don't usually say 今日は美しい日だ in the\nsame way English speakers say \"It's a beautiful day\". But such edge cases do\nnot necessarily mean 'beautiful' and 美しい are different concepts. Currently, I\ncan't think of a situation where it would be definitely better to translate\n美しい as 'pure' rather than as 'beautiful', but there might be such a case.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T05:54:21.300", "id": "100032", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T05:54:21.300", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100022", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100034", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Part 1 [Part 2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100025/middle-\nof-%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89-singulars-\nor-plurals) [Part 3](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100026/help-\nunderstanding-the-third-section-\nof-%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89)\n[Part\n4](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100027/%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89-will-\nto-kneel-or-kneeling-stone-and-other-things-about-those-two)\n\nThis is part one of what was mostly a cross-post of [this Quora\npost](https://mickgorroonyoutubeartisticsongtranslations.quora.com/Today-we-\nhave-a-Japanese-song-which-I-met-ages-ago-in-late-2011-and-soon-translated-to-\nItalian-Chinese-English-and).\n\nThe song is [this one](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/detektiv-conan-ost-\nanata-ga-iru-kara-lyrics.html), and the lyrics go:\n\nもしもこの世に汚れがなければ \n姿を変えずに愛し合えたのに \nどうして時は衆を分つの \nねえそばにいて今だけ \n \nあなたがいるから私は強くなる \n誓いの指輪きらきらきれいね \nYou will realize 小さな夢も \nYou are the one 心満たされる \n \n夜のハイウエイバイクを飛ばして \nはしゃいだ自由を持て余すくらい \nこの目で見て触れて分かる \n確かなものがあったね \n \nあの日の二人にすべて戻らせるなら \nひざまづく意志になるまでに祈るよ \nWe can still be free 百まで数えて \nNever wanna stop 心解き放つ \n \nあなたがいるから私は強くなる \n誓いの指輪きらきらきれいね \nYou will realize 小さな夢も \nYou are the one いつか叶えられる \n\nIn transliteration:\n\nMoshi mo kono yo ni kegare ga nakereba \nSugata wo kaezu ni aishiaeta noni \nDoushite toki wa shū wo wakatsu no? \nNee, soba ni ite ima dake \n\nAnata ga iru kara watashi wa tsuyoku naru \nChikai no yubiwa kirakira kirei ne \nYou will relize chiisa na yume mo \nYou are the one kokoro mitasareru \n\nYoru no haiuei baiku o tobashite \nHashaida jiyuu o moteamasu kurai \nKono me de mite furete wakaru \nTashika na mono ga atta ne \n\nAno hi no futari ni subete modoserunara \nHizamazuki ishi ni naru made inoru you \nWe can still be free hyaku made kazoete \nNever wanna stop kokoro tokihanatsu \n\nAnata ga iru kara watashi wa tsuyoku naru \nChikai no yubiwa kirakira kirei ne \nYou will realize chiisa na yume mo \nYou are the one itsuka kannaerareru \n\nAnd this is the translation attempt [I posted to\nlyricstranslate](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/anata-ga-iru-kara-youre-\nme.html), with one or two edits:\n\nEven if there were no impurity* in this world LT has \"contamination\" \nSo that [we] could've loved each other without having to change our looks… \nWhy does time separate [simple] people? \"simple\" was added here. \nHey, be by [my] side, at least now \n\nSince you're there, I get stronger \nThe ring of [my] promise is sparkling, beautiful isn't it? \nYou will realize even [my] small dreams \nYou are the one, [my] heart is satisfied \n\nOn the highway at night riding a motorbike \nTill [I] don't know what to do with the freedom of making merry \n[I'll] see with these eyes and touch, and understand \nThat this has been real [lit. That there has been a real thing [between us]] \n\nIf it will let everything return to [how it was] in the days of us two, \n[I] will pray till [I] want to fall on [my] knees \nWe can still be free, count till a hundred \nNever wanna stop, I will set my heart loose \n\nSince you're there, I get stronger \nThe ring of [my] promise is sparkling, beautiful isn't it? \nYou will realize even [my] small dreams \nYou are the one, [my] heart is satisfied \n\nI also [asked a question on Quora](https://www.quora.com/unanswered/How-good-\nor-bad-is-the-translation-of-the-Japanese-\nsong-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-that-\nI-have-posted-to-lyricstranslate-as-MickG-link-in-question-comments) about\nthis attempt.\n\nMy first question about this song is about the first four lines. This is\nprobably the biggest problem. So, I started from the animelyrics translation\nback in the day, which reads «Even if this world is not stained / We could've\nloved each other without having to change». What the heck is this consecutio\ntemporum? Anyway, back then like now, I liked to do (or try to do) word-by-\nword analyses, so I looked at the Japanese, and:\n\n * moshi mo: even if;\n * kono yo ni: in this world;\n * kegare ga: dirt/filth (subject);\n * nakereba: didn’t exist;\n * sugata wo: aspect/look/figure (object);\n * kaezu ni: not changing, by not changing, without changing;\n * aishiaeta: could loved each other;\n * noni: although.\n\nSo, with double “although”, I translated this mentally as «Even if there\nwasn’t dirt in this world / We could have loved each other without changing».\n\nLooking up “kegare”, I read that it is a religious term, indicating some kind\nof contamination, impurity. You can read more about that [on\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kegare). So I made the translation\nattempt, and was still like: what the heck does this kegare, this\nimpurity/contamination/defilement, have to do with being able to love each\nother?\n\nWait, not so fast. There is another bit to this story before going to the\nattempt above: [the Thai translation on\nLT](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/anata-ga-iru-kara-anata-ga-iru-kara-\nephraaachanmiieth.html). The first two lines read:\n\nถ้าเกิดโลกใบนี้มันไม่แปดเปื้อนไปล่ะก็ \nฉันก็จะได้รักเธอในแบบที่เป็นฉันเองแท้ๆ \n\nI speak zero Thai and don’t know the script at all besides the fact it’s an\nabugida and a messy spelling (almost like English), so I put this through\nGoogle:\n\nIf this world was not contaminated \nso that I can love you the way I am \n\nI looked it up, and “noni” can mean “although”, “because”, and “so that”.\nThat’s because “no” is a nominalizer, so it turns what comes before it into\nsomething that behaves like a noun, and “ni” can mean “in” (hence “because”\nand “although”, two sides of the same “being in a condition” medal) but also\n“to(wards)”, hence “so that”.\n\nThen I looked for other translations. I’ll mention [this\nChinese](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/anata-ga-iru-kara-zhi-yao-you-ni.html)\none first:\n\n若是这个世上没有污秽 | If there were no dirt/filth in this world \n我们便可坦诚相爱 | We could then love each other frankly and sincerely \n\nBasically my old reading of these lines. [This English\none](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/anata-ga-iru-kara-because-you-are-\nhere.html-0) though is far more interesting:\n\nIf ever, if I wasn't impure like this \nWe would've fallen in love without changing my real self \n\nHmm. So we’re putting the kegare in the hands of the singer, huh. Gotta love a\nlanguage which basically has possessive dative but then implies said dative,\nmasking the possession as existence of the possessed thing, right. «Even if in\nthis world I wasn’t so contaminated». I can get behind that. «We would’ve\nfallen in love»… wait, aishiaeta is potential (it’s not aishiatta), so\n“could’ve” is the correct choice. And “my real self”? Not really. “Sugata”\nmeans “look” or “figure” or that kind of thing. «figure ● form ● shape ②\nappearance ● dress ● guise ③ state ● condition ● picture ● image ④ form (of a\nwaka) ⑤ dressed in ... ● wearing ... ＊», as per JEDict. «figure, appearance,\nform, aspect, shape», as per Wiktionary. Japanese Wiktionary with Google\ntranslation:\n\n 1. 身体の形。からだつき。[body shape. With a body.]\n 2. （整った）みなり 、風采 。容姿 。[(well-equipped) Minari, appearance. appearance.]\n 3. 人や動物などの存在 。現前 。 すがたを見せる（見せない）／すがたが見えない／すがたを消す[presence of humans and animals. Presence. Show Sugata (do not show) / Can't see Sugata / Erase Sugata]\n 4. ものなどの全体 的な様相 、性質。 街のすがた／日本の真のすがた／太古のすがたを残す [The overall aspect or quality of something, etc. The appearance of the city / The true appearance of Japan / Preserving the appearance of ancient times]\n\nThen again, does falling in love really require changing looks for them? How\nsuperficial, right? And again, what does kegare have to do with any of this?\n\nAlso, after [Kazuhito Minato's answer](https://www.quora.com/How-good-or-bad-\nis-the-translation-of-the-Japanese-song-Anata-ga-iru-kara-that-I-have-posted-\nto-lyricstranslate-as-MickG-link-in-question-comments/answer/Kazuhito-Minato)\nto my question, I added \"simple\" to the translation, is that a good way to\nrender the difference he pointed out between unusual \"shū\" and usual \"hito\"?\n\nSo I guess the sum-up is still 5 questions, but splitting them apart really\njust means crowding the site for no reason since they're all about the same 3\nlines of the song.\n\n 1. What is the appropriate way to render のに at the end of l. 2: \"so that\", \"although\", \"since\"…?\n 2. What is the best way to render \"kegare\" in this passage?\n 3. What does the existence of kegare have to do with the two of them not being able to love each other \"sugata wo kaezu ni\"?\n 4. How do I render \"sugata\"? AFAICT it means \"form\" or \"looks\" or \"appearance\", then one translation renders it as \"my true self\", is that translation plain wrong?\n 5. What is the best way to render shū in this passage?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T17:04:11.987", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100023", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T07:16:42.513", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-21T21:22:41.940", "last_editor_user_id": "5324", "owner_user_id": "5324", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "song-lyrics", "song" ], "title": "Help understanding the beginning of the song あなたがいるから", "view_count": 60 }

[ { "body": "The biggest problem in your interpretation seems to be that you tried to\ninterpret もしも as \"even if\". もしも is just \"if\"! \"If\" and \"Even if\" are as\ndifferent as night and day! A literal translation of the first sentence would\nbe:\n\n> もしもこの世に汚れがなければ、姿を変えずに愛し合えたのに。\n>\n> If there was no corruption in this world, we could have loved each other\n> without changing our forms.\n\n* * *\n\n> 1. What is the appropriate way to render のに at the end of l. 2: \"so that\",\n> \"although\", \"since\"…?\n>\n\nThis のに is technically \"although\", but you can think of this like a sentence-\nend particle that adds the sense of regret/discomfort. You can read about it\n[here](https://maggiesensei.com/2012/06/20/how-and-when-to-\nuse-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%ABnoni-request-lesson/).\n\n * お金があればフランスに行きます。 \nIf I have money, I'll visit France.\n\n * お金があればフランスに行くのに。 \nAlthough I would visit France if I had money...! \n→ If I had money, I would visit France (but regrettably, I don't have money).\n\n> 2. What is the best way to render \"kegare\" in this passage?\n>\n\n(Spiritual) impurity, taint or corruption. Note that it's not a term\nassociated with a particular religion.\n\n> 3. What does the existence of kegare have to do with the two of them not\n> being able to love each other \"sugata wo kaezu ni\"?\n>\n\n> 4. How do I render \"sugata\"?\n>\n\nThe basic idea here is, since this world actually is full of dirtiness and\nsince no one is pure like a small child, adults need to deceive, outsmart or\nlie to others to obtain someone's love. If everyone was innocent like a small\nchild, you don't have to worry about dirty tactics about human relationship.\n\n姿 is just \"(person's) shape/appearance\", and 姿を変える refers to disguising or\nshapeshifting. Of course an ordinary person doesn't have to do this to be\nloved by someone, and it may seem like an eccentric metaphor, but remember\nthat this is a theme song of Detective Conan (you know about its story at\nleast a little, right?).\n\n> I added \"simple\" to the translation, is that a good way to render the\n> difference he pointed out between unusual \"shū\" and usual \"hito\"?\n\nI don't think so. 衆 is just a rare word for \"people\" here, and I don't know\nwhy you thought you needed \"simple\".", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T07:07:13.283", "id": "100034", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T07:16:42.513", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-22T07:16:42.513", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100023", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100029", "answer_count": 2, "body": "This sentence appeared here:\n\n<https://www.asahi.com/articles/DA3S15638672.html?iref=comtop_Opinion_05>\n\n>\n> 日本語【にほんご】では東西南北【とうざいなんぼく】だが、中国語【ちゅうごくご】では東南西北【とうなんせいほく】と書【か】く。一方【いっぽう】で、英語【えいご】では北南東西【きたなんとうにし】の順【じゅん】になることが多【おお】い。\n>\n> _In Japanese it's east, west, south, north and south, but in Chinese it's\n> written east, south, west and north. In English, on the other hand, the\n> order is often north, south, east, and west._\n\n 1. Are the computer-generated furigana correct?\n 2. If the furigana are correct, why do the kanji have different readings?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T19:09:44.403", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100024", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T01:09:36.270", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-21T22:32:00.297", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "31150", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "readings", "culture", "idioms" ], "title": "readings of north, south, east, west?", "view_count": 143 }

[ { "body": "In such compounds, I would rather expect that on'yomi would be used, not\nkun'yomi.\n\n西 has 2 widely used on'yomi readings: さい and せい.\n\n東西南北 happens to be pre-existing Sino-Japanese word, included in dictionaries,\nwith reading とうざいなんぼく. Voicing of /s/ to /z/ in ざい is result of\n[rendaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku). It happens sometimes, but\nnot always, in compound words. Change of /h/ to /b/ in ぼく is also caused by\nrendaku. Modern Japanese consonants /ɸ/, /h/, /ç/ come from Old Japanese\nconsonant /p/.\n\nJapanese reading generated for Chinese word 東南西北 (in Modern Mandarin: Pinyin\nromanization: dōngnánxīběi, /tʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵⁻⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/) at least\nconsists of valid on'yomi of these kanji. (せい reading was guessed here for 西.)\n\nJapanese reading generated for 北南東西 consists of kun'yomi for 北, on'yomi for 南\nand 東, and kun'yomi for 西. This does not seem correct.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T23:23:10.543", "id": "100028", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T23:23:10.543", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56758", "parent_id": "100024", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "とうざいなんぼく is the correct reading of those characters when they are put together\nin that order.\n\nThe second one being Chinese, it is natural to read it in all on’yomi.\nBesides, 東南 and 西北 are both existing words in Japanese and they are read とうなん\nand せいほく, respectively. No one would think it’s strange. (In a mahjong\ncontext, it would be read トンナンシャーペイ. I don’t know why 西 is シャー, not シー.)\n\nThe last one is not a valid compound in Japanese. It’s just a list of\ndirections, It could have as well been written 北、南、東、西. The auto-generated\nfurigana picked the first valid compound 南東 and gave it the right reading. It\nshould be read in either all on’yomi or all kun’yomi.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T00:24:17.890", "id": "100029", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T01:09:36.270", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-22T01:09:36.270", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "100024", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100035", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[Part 1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100023/help-\nunderstanding-the-beginning-of-the-\nsong-%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89)\nPart 2 [Part 3](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100026/help-\nunderstanding-the-third-section-\nof-%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89)\n[Part\n4](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100027/%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89-will-\nto-kneel-or-kneeling-stone-and-other-things-about-those-two)\n\nThis is part two of what was mostly a cross-post of [this Quora\npost](https://mickgorroonyoutubeartisticsongtranslations.quora.com/Today-we-\nhave-a-Japanese-song-which-I-met-ages-ago-in-late-2011-and-soon-translated-to-\nItalian-Chinese-English-and).\n\nThe song is [this one](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/detektiv-conan-ost-\nanata-ga-iru-kara-lyrics.html), and the lyrics go:\n\nもしもこの世に汚れがなければ \n姿を変えずに愛し合えたのに \nどうして時は衆を分つの \nねえそばにいて今だけ \n \nあなたがいるから私は強くなる \n誓いの指輪きらきらきれいね \nYou will realize 小さな夢も \nYou are the one 心満たされる \n \n夜のハイウエイバイクを飛ばして \nはしゃいだ自由を持て余すくらい \nこの目で見て触れて分かる \n確かなものがあったね \n \nあの日の二人にすべて戻らせるなら \nひざまづく意志になるまでに祈るよ \nWe can still be free 百まで数えて \nNever wanna stop 心解き放つ \n \nあなたがいるから私は強くなる \n誓いの指輪きらきらきれいね \nYou will realize 小さな夢も \nYou are the one いつか叶えられる \n\nIn transliteration:\n\nMoshi mo kono yo ni kegare ga nakereba \nSugata wo kaezu ni aishiaeta noni \nDoushite toki wa shū wo wakatsu no? \nNee, soba ni ite ima dake \n\nAnata ga iru kara watashi wa tsuyoku naru \nChikai no yubiwa kirakira kirei ne \nYou will relize chiisa na yume mo \nYou are the one kokoro mitasareru \n\nYoru no haiuei baiku o tobashite \nHashaida jiyuu o moteamasu kurai \nKono me de mite furete wakaru \nTashika na mono ga atta ne \n\nAno hi no futari ni subete modoserunara \nHizamazuki ishi ni naru made inoru you \nWe can still be free hyaku made kazoete \nNever wanna stop kokoro tokihanatsu \n\nAnata ga iru kara watashi wa tsuyoku naru \nChikai no yubiwa kirakira kirei ne \nYou will realize chiisa na yume mo \nYou are the one itsuka kannaerareru \n\nAnd this is the translation attempt [I posted to\nlyricstranslate](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/anata-ga-iru-kara-youre-\nme.html), with one or two edits:\n\nEven if there were no impurity* in this world LT has \"contamination\" \nSo that [we] could've loved each other without having to change our looks… \nWhy does time separate [simple] people? \"simple\" was added here. \nHey, be by [my] side, at least now \n\nSince you're there, I get stronger \nThe ring of [my] promise is sparkling, beautiful isn't it? \nYou will realize even [my] small dreams \nYou are the one, [my] heart is satisfied \n\nOn the highway at night riding a motorbike \nTill [I] don't know what to do with the freedom of making merry \n[I'll] see with these eyes and touch, and understand \nThat this has been real [lit. That there has been a real thing [between us]] \n\nIf it will let everything return to [how it was] in the days of us two, \n[I] will pray till [I] want to fall on [my] knees \nWe can still be free, count till a hundred \nNever wanna stop, I will set my heart loose \n\nSince you're there, I get stronger \nThe ring of [my] promise is sparkling, beautiful isn't it? \nYou will realize even [my] small dreams \nYou are the one, [my] heart is satisfied \n\nI also [asked a question on Quora](https://www.quora.com/unanswered/How-good-\nor-bad-is-the-translation-of-the-Japanese-\nsong-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-that-\nI-have-posted-to-lyricstranslate-as-MickG-link-in-question-comments) about\nthis attempt.\n\nThe second question is a matter of singular and plural in the following two\nlines:\n\n誓いの指輪きらきらきれいね \nYou will realize 小さな夢も \n\nJapanese doesn’t mark number, so it could be “the ring of the promise”, “the\nrings of the promise”, “the ring of the promises”, “the rings of the\npromises”, and also “even the small dream” or “even the small dreams”. I don’t\nrecall “no” marking material, so “the ring of vows” seems wrong. I was taking\nthis to mean an engagement ring, so “the ring of the [=our] promise”, and then\nwhat small dream are we talking about? I’d go with plural, so “even the\nsmallest dreams I have”. Is there any reason to do otherwise?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T21:00:14.843", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100025", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T07:35:39.760", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-21T21:23:00.870", "last_editor_user_id": "5324", "owner_user_id": "5324", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "song-lyrics", "song" ], "title": "Middle of あなたがいるから: singulars or plurals?", "view_count": 55 }

[ { "body": "If this 誓いの指輪 is a wedding ring, it's typically singular, but it could be a\npair of rings to symbolize their love. We never know. All you can do is\nimagine the situation as concretely as possible and make the most likely\ndecision.\n\n> what small dream are we talking about?\n\nI don't know what it is exactly, but I don't see any reason to assume they're\ntrying to realize many dreams simultaneously.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T07:35:39.760", "id": "100035", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T07:35:39.760", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100025", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100036", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[Part 1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100023/help-\nunderstanding-the-beginning-of-the-\nsong-%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89)\n[Part 2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100025/middle-\nof-%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89-singulars-\nor-plurals) Part 3 [Part\n4](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100027/%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89-will-\nto-kneel-or-kneeling-stone-and-other-things-about-those-two)\n\nThis is part three of what was mostly a cross-post of [this Quora\npost](https://mickgorroonyoutubeartisticsongtranslations.quora.com/Today-we-\nhave-a-Japanese-song-which-I-met-ages-ago-in-late-2011-and-soon-translated-to-\nItalian-Chinese-English-and).\n\nThe song is [this one](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/detektiv-conan-ost-\nanata-ga-iru-kara-lyrics.html), and the lyrics go:\n\nもしもこの世に汚れがなければ \n姿を変えずに愛し合えたのに \nどうして時は衆を分つの \nねえそばにいて今だけ \n \nあなたがいるから私は強くなる \n誓いの指輪きらきらきれいね \nYou will realize 小さな夢も \nYou are the one 心満たされる \n \n夜のハイウエイバイクを飛ばして \nはしゃいだ自由を持て余すくらい \nこの目で見て触れて分かる \n確かなものがあったね \n \nあの日の二人にすべて戻らせるなら \nひざまづく意志になるまでに祈るよ \nWe can still be free 百まで数えて \nNever wanna stop 心解き放つ \n \nあなたがいるから私は強くなる \n誓いの指輪きらきらきれいね \nYou will realize 小さな夢も \nYou are the one いつか叶えられる \n\nIn transliteration:\n\nMoshi mo kono yo ni kegare ga nakereba \nSugata wo kaezu ni aishiaeta noni \nDoushite toki wa shū wo wakatsu no? \nNee, soba ni ite ima dake \n\nAnata ga iru kara watashi wa tsuyoku naru \nChikai no yubiwa kirakira kirei ne \nYou will relize chiisa na yume mo \nYou are the one kokoro mitasareru \n\nYoru no haiuei baiku o tobashite \nHashaida jiyuu o moteamasu kurai \nKono me de mite furete wakaru \nTashika na mono ga atta ne \n\nAno hi no futari ni subete modoserunara \nHizamazuki ishi ni naru made inoru you \nWe can still be free hyaku made kazoete \nNever wanna stop kokoro tokihanatsu \n\nAnata ga iru kara watashi wa tsuyoku naru \nChikai no yubiwa kirakira kirei ne \nYou will realize chiisa na yume mo \nYou are the one itsuka kannaerareru \n\nAnd this is the translation attempt [I posted to\nlyricstranslate](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/anata-ga-iru-kara-youre-\nme.html), with one or two edits:\n\nEven if there were no impurity* in this world LT has \"contamination\" \nSo that [we] could've loved each other without having to change our looks… \nWhy does time separate [simple] people? \"simple\" was added here. \nHey, be by [my] side, at least now \n\nSince you're there, I get stronger \nThe ring of [my] promise is sparkling, beautiful isn't it? \nYou will realize even [my] small dreams \nYou are the one, [my] heart is satisfied \n\nOn the highway at night riding a motorbike \nTill [I] don't know what to do with the freedom of making merry \n[I'll] see with these eyes and touch, and understand \nThat this has been real [lit. That there has been a real thing [between us]] \n\nIf it will let everything return to [how it was] in the days of us two, \n[I] will pray till [I] want to fall on [my] knees \nWe can still be free, count till a hundred \nNever wanna stop, I will set my heart loose \n\nSince you're there, I get stronger \nThe ring of [my] promise is sparkling, beautiful isn't it? \nYou will realize even [my] small dreams \nYou are the one, [my] heart is satisfied \n\nI also [asked a question on Quora](https://www.quora.com/unanswered/How-good-\nor-bad-is-the-translation-of-the-Japanese-\nsong-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-that-\nI-have-posted-to-lyricstranslate-as-MickG-link-in-question-comments) about\nthis attempt.\n\nSince they are about the same section, just the two halves of it, I assume I\ncan ask questions 3 and 4 together? The section is:\n\n夜のハイウエイバイクを飛ばして \nはしゃいだ自由を持て余すくらい \nこの目で見て触れて分かる \n確かなものがあったね \n\nAnimelyrics:\n\nOn the highway at night riding the bike \nTill the freedom to enjoy becomes annoying \nI saw with these eyes, touch and you'll see \nThere are things that are real \n\n**First half**\n\nFirst line is literally “Highway of the night, riding a “baiku””. So\nanimelyrics is pretty correct… except “baiku” is not bike, but motorbike,\nAFAICT. And I mean, a bike on the highway? What was the translator smoking?\n\nLine 2, however, is the problem. Word by word:\n\n * Hashaida: frolicked, made merry; dried out?\n * jiyū wo: freedom (object);\n * motehanasu: not know what to do with;\n * kurai: «① approximately ● about ● around ● or so ② to (about) the extent that ● (almost) enough that ● so ... that ... ● at least ③ as ... as ... ● like ＊», or maybe « ① dark ● gloomy ② dark (in colour) ● dull ③ depressed ● dispirited ④ sorrowful ● bitter (as in a dark past) ⑤ unclear ● unfamiliar ● unknown ＊», or even «① throne ● crown ● (nobleman's) seat ② government position ● court rank ③ social standing ● rank ● class ● echelon ● rung ④ grade (of quality, etc.) ● level ● tier ● rank ⑤ digit (e.g. the tens, the hundreds, etc.) ● place ⑥ degree ● extent ● amount ＊».\n\nSo I guess something like «I’m riding my m-b on the highway at night / Enough\nthat I don’t know what to do with the freedom with which I’ve been\nfrolicking», or less literally «I drive my m-b on the highway at night / Until\nI no longer know what to do with my freedom of making merry». Or maybe I\nshould take that as a “dried-out freedom”, as in, he’s probably alone on the\nhighway, hence “free” in some sense, but that freedom is full of sadness and\nloneliness (“dried out”), and eventually he doesn’t want it anymore?\n\n**Second half**\n\nGlaring problem in the animelyrics translation: atta is past, so there must be\na “there were / have been” somewhere in that line, not a “there are”. Word by\nword:\n\n * Kono me de: with these (=my) eyes (here the singular wouldn’t really fit IMO);\n * mite: looking;\n * furete: touching;\n * wakaru: understand;\n * tashikana: real, reliable;\n * mono ga: thing(s) or person/people (subject);\n * atta: there were, used for things, as ita is used for people;\n * ne: question tag.\n\nSince a sequence of -te forms ending in a non-past or past form is the\nequivalent of «I do/did X and do/did Y and do/did Z», this could either be\n«Seeing with these eyes and touching, [] (will) understand / That there\nhas/have been (a) real thing(s)» or «[] will see with these eyes and touch and\nunderstand / […]». Either way, animelyrics is dead wrong in separating the -te\nsequence, and especially wrong in translating mite as “saw” when it’s\nbasically an -ing form. Since “these eyes” are definitely “my eyes”, that\nwhole line probably has subject “I”, so the “[]” in my translations above can\nbe replaced by “I”.\n\nThe last line, however, is more to-be-interpreted. To me, the “mono” should be\nthe feeling/relationship between the singer and the addressee, so «There was a\nreal thing [between us]», or «This has been real», in a less literal version.\n\nSo for the first half, we have two translation:\n\nOn the highway at night riding a motorbike \nTill [I] don't know what to do with the freedom of making merry \n\nOr:\n\nOn the highway at night riding a motorbike \nTill [I] don't know what to do with [my] dried-up freedom \n\nWhere \"dried-up freedom\" would mean \"withered\", so no longer enjoyable, ruined\nby being all alone.\n\nFor the second half, we also have two options, though the situation is more of\na \"could you comment on my remarks\":\n\n[I'll] see with these eyes and touch, and understand \nThat this has been real [lit. That there has been a real thing [between us]] \n\nOr:\n\nSeeing with these eyes and touching, [I] will understand \nThat this has been real [lit. That there has been a real thing [between us]]", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T21:07:27.287", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100026", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T09:04:23.880", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-21T21:28:39.913", "last_editor_user_id": "5324", "owner_user_id": "5324", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "song-lyrics", "song" ], "title": "Help understanding the third section of あなたがいるから", "view_count": 38 }

[ { "body": "##### First half\n\nThat はしゃいだ is not a relative clause modifying 自由. Here is the same sentence in\na \"prosaic\" word order:\n\n>\n> 夜のハイウェイ[を](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3243/5010)、自由を持て余す[くらい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/29457/5010)、バイクを飛ばしてはしゃいだ。\n>\n> On the night highway, we sped the motorcycle and frolicked, to the point\n> where we didn't know how to spend our freedom.\n\n自由を持て余す means having too much freedom to make use of. For example, an\nunemployed person might say this. The sentence is saying that speeding the\nmotorcycle made them feel so excited that they almost felt they had infinite\nfreedom. And forget \"dried out\"; nothing in the lyrics says such a thing.\n\nDon't ignore the past tense (はしゃい **だ** ). This scene is her past memory.\nTranslating this as \"I'm driving\" means you have missed the most crucial theme\nof this song.\n\n##### Second half\n\n> この目で見て触れて分かる確かなものがあったね。\n>\n> There was a real something which I could feel/understand by seeing with my\n> eyes and touching(, you know?)\n\nThose te-forms [express\nmeans](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/75172/5010). This もの is basically\njust \"thing\" or \"something\", but it vaguely refers to everything in this\nbeautiful and real memory of hers. He was real, and she could actually see\nhim, hear him, touch him, and feel him. She is remembering it vividly.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T09:04:23.880", "id": "100036", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T09:04:23.880", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100026", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100038", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[Part 1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100023/help-\nunderstanding-the-beginning-of-the-\nsong-%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89)\n[Part 2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100025/middle-\nof-%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89-singulars-\nor-plurals) [Part 3](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100026/help-\nunderstanding-the-third-section-\nof-%e3%81%82%e3%81%aa%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89)\nPart 4\n\nThis is part four of what was mostly a cross-post of [this Quora\npost](https://mickgorroonyoutubeartisticsongtranslations.quora.com/Today-we-\nhave-a-Japanese-song-which-I-met-ages-ago-in-late-2011-and-soon-translated-to-\nItalian-Chinese-English-and).\n\nThe song is [this one](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/detektiv-conan-ost-\nanata-ga-iru-kara-lyrics.html), and the lyrics go:\n\nもしもこの世に汚れがなければ \n姿を変えずに愛し合えたのに \nどうして時は衆を分つの \nねえそばにいて今だけ \n \nあなたがいるから私は強くなる \n誓いの指輪きらきらきれいね \nYou will realize 小さな夢も \nYou are the one 心満たされる \n \n夜のハイウエイバイクを飛ばして \nはしゃいだ自由を持て余すくらい \nこの目で見て触れて分かる \n確かなものがあったね \n \nあの日の二人にすべて戻らせるなら \nひざまづく意志になるまでに祈るよ \nWe can still be free 百まで数えて \nNever wanna stop 心解き放つ \n \nあなたがいるから私は強くなる \n誓いの指輪きらきらきれいね \nYou will realize 小さな夢も \nYou are the one いつか叶えられる \n\nIn transliteration:\n\nMoshi mo kono yo ni kegare ga nakereba \nSugata wo kaezu ni aishiaeta noni \nDoushite toki wa shū wo wakatsu no? \nNee, soba ni ite ima dake \n\nAnata ga iru kara watashi wa tsuyoku naru \nChikai no yubiwa kirakira kirei ne \nYou will relize chiisa na yume mo \nYou are the one kokoro mitasareru \n\nYoru no haiuei baiku o tobashite \nHashaida jiyuu o moteamasu kurai \nKono me de mite furete wakaru \nTashika na mono ga atta ne \n\nAno hi no futari ni subete modoserunara \nHizamazuki ishi ni naru made inoru you \nWe can still be free hyaku made kazoete \nNever wanna stop kokoro tokihanatsu \n\nAnata ga iru kara watashi wa tsuyoku naru \nChikai no yubiwa kirakira kirei ne \nYou will realize chiisa na yume mo \nYou are the one itsuka kannaerareru \n\nAnd this is the translation attempt [I posted to\nlyricstranslate](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/anata-ga-iru-kara-youre-\nme.html), with one or two edits:\n\nEven if there were no impurity* in this world LT has \"contamination\" \nSo that [we] could've loved each other without having to change our looks… \nWhy does time separate [simple] people? \"simple\" was added here. \nHey, be by [my] side, at least now \n\nSince you're there, I get stronger \nThe ring of [my] promise is sparkling, beautiful isn't it? \nYou will realize even [my] small dreams \nYou are the one, [my] heart is satisfied \n\nOn the highway at night riding a motorbike \nTill [I] don't know what to do with the freedom of making merry \n[I'll] see with these eyes and touch, and understand \nThat this has been real [lit. That there has been a real thing [between us]] \n\nIf it will let everything return to [how it was] in the days of us two, \n[I] will pray till [I] want to fall on [my] knees \nWe can still be free, count till a hundred \nNever wanna stop, I will set my heart loose \n\nSince you're there, I get stronger \nThe ring of [my] promise is sparkling, beautiful isn't it? \nYou will realize even [my] small dreams \nYou are the one, [my] heart is satisfied \n\nI also [asked a question on Quora](https://www.quora.com/unanswered/How-good-\nor-bad-is-the-translation-of-the-Japanese-\nsong-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-that-\nI-have-posted-to-lyricstranslate-as-MickG-link-in-question-comments) about\nthis attempt.\n\nThe last question is about the following lines:\n\nあの日の二人にすべて戻らせるなら \nひざまづく意志になるまでに祈るよ \n\nAnimelyrics:\n\nIf only we could return everything to that day \nI would pray till I fall on my knees \n\nWord by word:\n\n * Ano: that/those;\n * hi: day(s);\n * no: possessive;\n * futari two people;\n * ni: to;\n * subete: everything;\n * modoraseru: causative of modoru “return” (come/go back);\n * nara: if (indicates that the if-clause happens after the main clause);\n * hizamazuku: kneel;\n * ishi: intention, intent, volition;\n * ni naru: get into, become;\n * made: until;\n * inoru: pray;\n * yo: !\n\nSo «If [it] will let everything return to [how] the two of us [were]\nthat/those day(s), / I will pray until I wish to kneel» (lit. “get into a\nkneeling mood”).\n\nI guess I’m mentioning this just because my conclusion is different from\nanimelyrics, but also because for some reason both the Thai… wait a second.\nThe Thai has a different text:\n\nあの日の二人に すべて戻せるなら \n跪き 石になるまで祈るよ \n\nSo now we have modoseru (not modoraseru), which is potential: “if [in that\ncase] everything can return to etc etc”. Also, “hizamazuku ishi” is now\n“hizamazuki ishi”, where ishi is spelled differently and now means “stone”.\nAnd I finally understand the “turning to stone” found in both Thai\n(«ถ้าเกิดย้อนไปในวันนั้นของเราสองคนได้ล่ะก็ / ฉันจะคุกเข่าลง\nแล้วนั่งภาวนาไปจนกว่าจะกลายเป็นหินเลย» aka «If we could go back to those days\nof the two of us / I'll get down on my knees and sit and pray until they turn\nto stone») and Chinese («如果能完完全全回到那时候的你和我的话 / 我会跪着许愿 直到化为石头» aka «If we can\ncompletely go back to the you and me of that time / I will kneel and make vows\ntill I turn to stone»). Except I’m pretty sure that’s a typo, and 意志\n“volition, intent” was meant. The potential matches the video, so «If\neverything can go back to how we were back then» is correct, and I can’t tell\nif the video says -ku or -ki (it gobbles up the vowel essentially), but I\ndon’t think -ki fits here. What do you think? -ki or -ku, and stone or\nvolition?", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-21T21:10:15.427", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100027", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T11:24:26.770", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-21T21:31:22.633", "last_editor_user_id": "5324", "owner_user_id": "5324", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "song-lyrics", "song" ], "title": "あなたがいるから: \"will to kneel\" or \"kneeling stone\"? (And probably the debunking of a wrong translation of that couplet)", "view_count": 90 }

[ { "body": "It cannot be 跪く意志になる for two reasons: first, 意志 isn't a corporeal, physical\nobject; and second, it would mean becoming that object, which is itself\nkneeling. Becoming willing (to do something) isn't at all like becoming will\n(incarnate).\n\nHowever, becoming (metaphorically, in context) 石 is a perfectly sensible\nconcept. A stone cannot meaningfully 跪く (and using the plain form would force\nit to modify 石), so that's ruled out. 跪き, on the other hand, makes perfect\nsense. Using the i-stem (i.e. masu-stem) of the verb creates something like an\nEnglish gerund - except that in Japanese, it would only attach to a following\nnoun in specific cases (basically for set compounds, like [欠]{か}き[氷]{ごおり}). So\nhere, it would be modifying something else instead (perhaps 祈る). The 跪き\nreading is also corroborated by every other available source: the ones you\nfound, as well as [e.g. this\none](https://www.lyricsondemand.com/d/detectiveconanlyrics/anatagairukaralyrics.html)\nand [this one](https://sweetslyrics.com/detective-conan/anata-ga-iru-kara-\nlyrics) and [this one](https://www.justsomelyrics.com/296304/detective-conan-\nanata-ga-iru-kara-lyrics.html) and [this\none](https://www.albumsongandlyrics.com/anata-ga-iru-kara_by_detective-conan-\nmovies___263828.aspx).", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T11:24:26.770", "id": "100038", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T11:24:26.770", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "627", "parent_id": "100027", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100079", "answer_count": 2, "body": "In\n\n> 道を渡るとき、車に気をつけてください\n\nIs there an implicit は being dropped after とき? Or is/can とき function\nadverbially (so that no particle need be after it, at least not necessarily)?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T00:59:32.337", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100030", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T01:07:08.443", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51280", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "adverbs" ], "title": "Can とき function adverbially?", "view_count": 105 }

[ { "body": "There is an implicit に dropped after とき. The complete way of saying it should\nbe \"道を渡るとき **に** \", meaning \" **at** the time of crossing roads.\" とき is a\nnoun, Vとき(V being a verb) means \"the time of doing V\", which is a noun phrase.\nYou need the particle に (here it should translate to \"at\") to make this an\nadverbial phrase: Vときに ( _ **at**_ the time of doing V). This particle, as you\nsee here, is often dropped.\n\nYou could also argue that we put a は there, but then the focus of the sentence\nwould shift to \"道を渡るとき\", giving it emphasis, making it the topic of the\nsentence. With how the sentence is written right now, I'd say it's pretty\n\"neutral\", no special emphasis given to the part \"道を渡るとき\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T01:07:37.297", "id": "100031", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T01:07:37.297", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "100030", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "> Can とき function adverbially? \n> Or is/can とき function adverbially (so that no particle need be after it, at\n> least not necessarily)?\n\nYes, it can. No particle necessarily need to be after it **in your sentence**.\n(「～ときに...」 has different nuance from 「～とき...」)\n\nAn example sentence from\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8D/#jn-157586):\n\n> とき【時】 \n> 10 （行為や状態を表す連体修飾を受けて） \n> ㋐ある状態になっている時点や時期。「家に着いた **とき** 、母はいなかった」\n\n* * *\n\n> 道を渡るとき、車に気をつけてください。 \n> 道を渡るときは、車に気をつけてください。\n\nBoth above sound good to me, but\n\n> 道を渡るときに、車に気をつけてください。\n\ndoesn't sound natural.\n\n[～ときに + imperative] can be used in a case like this:\n\n> 時間があるときに来てください。(← talking about _when_ one should visit.) \n> 今度来たときに提出してください。(← talking about _when_ one should submit, e.g. as a\n> response to \"When should I submit this?\") \n> (時間があるとき来てください、今度来たとき提出してください would also be acceptable)\n>\n> Compare: 道を渡るとき(は)、車に気をつけてください。(← not talking about when one should be\n> careful, but talking about what one should do when crossing a road.)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-26T01:07:08.443", "id": "100079", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T01:07:08.443", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "100030", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100037", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I got one question - in a text, both characters are talking about the first\nsexual experience of character one. He tells his friend how it was, and then\nthe friend asks some questions.\n\nIt goes: 気持ちよかった？ then イケた？ and then 出せた？\n\nSo - my first thought was - that 出せた in this case meant \"Did you\ncum/ejaculate\" - ikeru before that also implies cumming but more in a \"did you\nhave an orgasm\" kind of sense, right? So is there any possibility that 出せた in\nthis occasion could also mean \"Did you pull it out\"?\n\nIf someone could help me clarify that, would be great! Thanks a lot and sorry\nfor the sexual content :)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T06:18:21.573", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100033", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T09:41:01.473", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36354", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "words", "context" ], "title": "In a sexual context, what does 出せる imply?", "view_count": 111 }

[ { "body": "Your first thought is correct. 行く is \"coming\" and 出す is ejaculating. Assuming\nthese questions are addressed to a male person, these two indeed refer to the\nsame phenomenon. Simply, this person asked the same thing in two different\nways.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T09:41:01.473", "id": "100037", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T09:41:01.473", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100033", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "While reading this page in the _Attack on Titan_ manga, I had a problem\nunderstanding some particles used in this text bubble on the bottom right.\n(Possible spoilers, read at your own risk)\n\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aHRnb.jpg)\n\nAs I understand it, in 「エレンとの対話を」, the と means “with”, so it is “dialogue with\nEren”. But then, what is the meaning of the の in that sentence?\n\nThe second problem is in the rest of the sentence, 「諦めないのと同じ理由」. I think the と\nhere is a quotation mark, as in saying “as for not giving up on a dialogue\nwith Eren, it is for the same reason (as before, refers to previous text\nbubble)”. But then again, what would be the role of the の that comes before\nthat と? I thought that maybe it could be an emphasis, but I’m not sure it’s\nlogical to emphasize the sub-sentence which is then quoted by と and not\nemphasize the entire sentence. I also wondered if that のと might be a\ncontracted version of のこと.\n\nAny help would be appreciated.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T21:39:32.820", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100040", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-24T02:09:28.440", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-24T02:09:28.440", "last_editor_user_id": "5464", "owner_user_id": "56747", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "particle-と", "manga", "particle-の", "reading-comprehension" ], "title": "Unclear usages of の in 「Xとの対話を」 and 「諦めないのと同じ理由」", "view_count": 610 }

[ { "body": "They're used together essentially because we need a の particle to connect the\nphrase to a noun. と will make it 'with', but と alone (as far as I've seen) is\nmostly used when talking about doing (verb) something with another person.\nHere, 対話 is a noun, not a verb so it needs の.\n\nFor a more detailed explanation [What does との mean in this\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/34585/what-\ndoes-%e3%81%a8%e3%81%ae-mean-in-this-sentence#34586)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T22:47:02.880", "id": "100042", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T22:47:02.880", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39515", "parent_id": "100040", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "These two の's are very different.\n\n> 「エレンとの対話を」the と means “with” so it is “dialogue with Eren”. But then, what\n> is the meaning of the の in that sentence?\n\nの signifies it's an attributive _with_ , i.e., it's a noun-modifying\nexpression. In English, \"with Eren\" can modify both a noun and a verb, but in\nJapanese, エレンと can only modify a verb. For details, please read: [using の with\nと,で, から, まで](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33605/5010)\n\n> 「諦めないのと同じ理由」 I think the と here is a quotation mark, as in saying “as for\n> not giving up on a dialogue with Eren, it is for the same reason (as before,\n> refers to previous text bubble)” But then again, what would be the role of\n> the の that comes before that と?\n\nThis の is a [nominalizer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/29368/5010),\nand this と is not a quotative particle but a comparison target marker. \"Xと同じ\n(the same _as_ X)\" is a super common set expression. This と is the same と as\nin \"Xと違う (is different _from_ X)\", \"Xと比べる (to compare _with_ X)\", \"Xと並ぶ (to\nrank _with_ X)\", \"Xと似る (to resemble X)\" and so on.\n\nSo a literal translation would be:\n\n> エレンとの対話を諦めないのと同じ理由(だ)。\n>\n> (It's) the same reason (as the reason why) I won't give up on the\n> interaction with Eren.\n\nのと and のこと are completely different, so don't mix them up.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-23T01:13:51.420", "id": "100044", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-23T01:21:45.660", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-23T01:21:45.660", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100040", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100043", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I was reading NHK and came across this headline\n\n> 母親監禁し暴行か 同居家族4人が逮捕 草むらに6歳男児の遺体も\n\nAfter putting it into Deepl it came out as\n\n> Mother held captive and assaulted, 4 family members living together\n> arrested, body of 6 year old boy in the grass.\n\nAs far as I've seen か is only used to make questions and for saying 'either\n.... or''', so what is か doing here?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T22:15:56.837", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100041", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T23:19:33.740", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39515", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "particle-か" ], "title": "Meaning of か when not 'or' statement or question", "view_count": 67 }

[ { "body": "It seems that 「か」 in this case may be an indication of uncertainty about the\nsituation, so maybe a similar feeling to what \"purportedly\", \"allegedly\", and\nso on would convey. Sometimes DeepL leaves out important context like that in\nfavor of a more natural translation, I feel. I'm not a Japanese expert, so I\nhope you'll listen to a more advanced person on here who has experience\nanswering these questions, if someone else answers!\n\nThis is my first answer on here, so sorry if I didn't do too good I wanted to\nwrite a comment instead since I'm not quite sure of the answer, but it\nrequires 50 reputation. Guess I'm trying to build it up somehow, but this\nmight be an utter failure and I might be completely wrong, who knows!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-22T23:19:33.740", "id": "100043", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-22T23:19:33.740", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51602", "parent_id": "100041", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100050", "answer_count": 2, "body": "In the sentence:\n\n> 大学生になって初めて、その本の本当の価値が分かるようになった\n\nIf 初めて is an adverb, it should **modify the phrase behind it** , which is a\nrule of Japanese. So here it should modify「その本の本当の価値が分かるようになった」, but why there\nis a comma \"、\" between them? \nAfter all, I don't see elsewhere an adverb and its modifying part are\nseperated by a comma. So I feel the original sentence is a little strange.\n\nI came up with an explanation: maybe here we should see て初めて as a compound\nparticle, which means \"not until\". But I think it's also Ok to see 初めて as a\nsingle adverb, and the sentence should be\n\n> 大学生になって、初めてその本の本当の価値が分かるようになった\n\njust like the sentence:\n\n> 親が死んで、初めてそのありがたさがわかった\n\nin the second explanation of 初めて from\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%88%9D%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-23T02:39:23.313", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100046", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-23T05:22:55.857", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-23T05:20:37.243", "last_editor_user_id": "56516", "owner_user_id": "56516", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "syntax", "punctuation" ], "title": "Why is there a comma between 初めて and the following part it modifies?", "view_count": 299 }

[ { "body": "初めて is modifying the the sentence before the comma. Think of it as two\nseparate phrases\n\n> 大学生になって初めて\n\n_Becoming a student for the first time_\n\n(A better translation of the phrase になって初めて by jisho is 'not until I became'\nor 'only when'.) This whole phrase modifies the expression after the comma.\n\n> その本の本当の価値が分かるようになった\n\n_I realized the true value of the book._\n\ntl;dr: 初めて is part of the phrase before the comma", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-23T04:40:40.373", "id": "100049", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-23T04:40:40.373", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39515", "parent_id": "100046", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "You can put the comma in either of two places as below.\n\n> 大学生になって、初めてその本の本当の価値が分かるようになった。\n>\n> 大学生になって初めて、その本の本当の価値が分かるようになった。\n\nThe two sentences give slightly different impressions. The first simply\nconnects two statements. The speaker became a college student (first), and\n(then) realized the true value of the book for the first time. The second\nsentence places greater focus on when they made that realization as if to say\nit wasn’t until they became a college student that they realized the true\nvalue of the book. The whole of 大学生になって初めて could be seen as a temporal phrase.\n\nThe difference is very subtle.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-23T05:22:55.857", "id": "100050", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-23T05:22:55.857", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "100046", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "別に言い伝えがあるっていうだけだよ\n\nHow does it differ from just 別に言い伝えがあるだけだよ?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-23T16:09:35.130", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100054", "last_activity_date": "2023-07-24T11:03:45.403", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55784", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "why is っていう in this sentence?", "view_count": 125 }

[ { "body": "The って in っていう is a contraction of the と in という which is used to quote\nsomething and is usually translated as \"That is to say\" or \"That is\" or\nsomething like that (depends on the context) and sometimes it gets lost in\ntranslation (unless you are translating literally).\n\nHere the quotation is applied to 「別に言い伝えがある」so「別に言い伝えがあるっていうだけだよ」would\ntranslate into \"That's just another (not especially\ninteresting\\important\\unique\\special) legend\\tradition, you know\".\n\nWithout っていう it would translate as \"There is just another legend, you know\"\nwhich is kind of weird.\n\nHere are two videos explaining more about the と particle for quotation:\n\n 1. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dYT6Xf1BkA>\n 2. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40avkmkQR8M>", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-24T10:38:34.343", "id": "100059", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-24T10:38:34.343", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41223", "parent_id": "100054", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100056", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> 私のベッドに寝転がっていた仙台さんが当然のように言って、肩を叩い **てくる**\n\nI know the general grammar behind it meaning change of state and movement but\nits my first time seeing it with a verb like 叩く", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-23T18:10:02.013", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100055", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-24T02:07:49.627", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-24T01:56:31.363", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "56863", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning" ], "title": "What does てくる mean in this sentence", "view_count": 86 }

[ { "body": "てくる can be used also with something that is _psychologically_ getting closer\nto the observer. In this case, the physical distance traveled (from the bed to\n私) may be almost zero, but the act of 叩く itself is something that affects you\npsychologically, and that's why くる fits.\n\nSee: [Difference between -ていく and\n-てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010)\n\n> 来る is for something that moves towards the speaker (not necessarily a\n> physical movement), or towards another person's viewpoint that the speaker\n> adopts.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-24T02:07:49.627", "id": "100056", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-24T02:07:49.627", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100055", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100058", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I came across this line from the song 「絆ノ奇跡」:\n\n> 解き放て今 僕らが起こした火を\n\nI have a couple question regarding potential omissions in this line.\n\n 1. The first is that I feel that _something_ (に, は, で) should come after 今 in 「解き放て今」. Is it omitted because it is obvious why it can only be one particle and thus there is no real ambiguity or because it colloquial speech it is 99% of the time clear what should be there?\n 2. The second part of the line ends with 火を which is similar to a question I asked before [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100011/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%92-appears-after-the-verb) I'm not sure if it is also the case here that there is an omitted する (or some other verb like 掛ける)「僕らが火を起こした」modifies 火を(する\\掛ける). Could it be that this reordering is done because it is a song (maybe it sounds cooler or better to native Japanese) so grammar be damned and it should actually be written as 「...僕らが火を起こした」? I also considered the possibility that this is connected to the next line but the next line doesn't seem to have anything to do with fire.\n 3. There is another line that has the same structure「絆が紡いで生まれた奇跡を」, does the same apply to 奇跡を?\n\nFor completeness and context here is the entire verse from which the line\nabove comes:\n\n> **解き放て今 僕らが起こした火を** \n> 舞い上げ走れば明日が変わるはず \n> 君といるこの世界二度と離さずに \n> 君と共に行く\n\nThanks!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-24T07:20:29.807", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100057", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-24T09:50:07.280", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-24T07:33:17.353", "last_editor_user_id": "41223", "owner_user_id": "41223", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-を", "song-lyrics", "reading-comprehension", "omission" ], "title": "Omitted verb and particle", "view_count": 150 }

[ { "body": "There is no omission in the sentence. It is in a irregular/inverted word\norder. The rhetoric is called 倒置法. The following questions contain other\nexamples.\n\n * [Is を being used at the end of the sentence to indicate emotion? 「あなた無しで生きてる私を」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/90779/45489)\n * [Usage of より at end of sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/95319/45489)\n * [Possible interpretation? The use of 脅かされる in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/74647/45489)\n * [Another use of particle \"wo\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/80487/45489)\n\n* * *\n\n> 解き放て今 僕らが起こした火を\n\nThis sentence in the ordinary order would be (今 can be moved around to an\nextent)\n\n> 僕らが起こした火を今解き放て\n\nwhere\n\n * 僕らが起こした火 is the object of 解き放て\n * 僕らが起こした is a relative clause modifying 火\n * 今 works adverbially.\n\nSimilary, the other phrase you mention is inverted.\n\n> 我が命 果てようとも 繋いで行こう\n>\n> 絆が紡いで生まれた奇跡を\n\nThe second line is the object of 繋いで行こう (or 繋ぐ).", "comment_count": 13, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-24T09:50:07.280", "id": "100058", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-24T09:50:07.280", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100057", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100061", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Reading a manga and it says まだ跡継ぎとしては幼い弟———私を護ってくれる姉上のことだ Here's the image.\nIt's the first page of the manga and introducing the story. I'm reading it but\nits meaning is not exactly clear, and machine translators seem to be having a\nbrainfart.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oBLDi.png)\n\nAm I correct in reading the meaning of the sentence as meaning: This is the\nstory of my older sister... who still treats me like her young successor. ?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-24T19:14:01.847", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100060", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-29T07:35:07.420", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-29T07:35:07.420", "last_editor_user_id": "20305", "owner_user_id": "55770", "post_type": "question", "score": -2, "tags": [ "manga", "reading-comprehension" ], "title": "Meaning of 「まだ跡継ぎとしては幼い弟———私を護ってくれる姉上のことだ」", "view_count": 189 }

[ { "body": "I think 持ってくれる is closer in meaning to \"To be in charge of\" or \"To take care\nof\" in this context.\n\nI also feel that he isn't \"her successor\" but \"a successor\" since として means\nsomething close to \"As a\" so it's \"As an heir...\", that however doesn't really\ntranslate well into English so I would translate it into \"... despite being\nthe heir (to something important)\".\n\nThat is to say that the sentence should be translated as:\n\n> \"This is about (the story of) my older sister coddling (pampering\\taking\n> care of) me like I'm still her baby brother despite being the heir\"\n\nAnd I might consider replacing \"my older sister coddling\" with \"... **how** my\nolder sister coddles me...\" as it better conveys the meaning but isn't as\nliteral.\n\n**Edit** : Just noticed that the image says \"護って...\" and not ”持って\" so it's\nactually about how she acts as his bodyguard and treating him like her baby\nbrother despite him being the heir (and at least in his opinion - not a baby\nanymore). Thus, I'd revise my translation to:\n\n> \"This is about (the story of) my older sister guarding me like I'm still her\n> baby brother (which I believe I'm not) despite being the heir\"\n\nHope this helps!", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-24T19:50:59.713", "id": "100061", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-25T05:10:37.650", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-25T05:10:37.650", "last_editor_user_id": "41223", "owner_user_id": "41223", "parent_id": "100060", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 3, "body": "This is the description of the Japanese book 告白 by Kanae Minato. In the\npicture, in red, are two instances of a character I suppose to be a hiragana.\n\nBut I have never seen it and can't find it anywhere on the internet.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JKC4S.jpg)\n\nThrough context I think it might be a contracted form of ここ, but is there even\nsuch a thing as contracting two hiragana in one? How do we call it so I can\nfind more info of that on the internet?\n\nI will very much appreciate if you guys could enlighten me on the meaning of\nit.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-24T20:34:03.857", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100062", "last_activity_date": "2023-09-01T09:38:50.177", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36542", "post_type": "question", "score": 13, "tags": [ "hiragana", "contractions" ], "title": "Is it a hiragana or a kanji or something else entirely?", "view_count": 3299 }

[ { "body": "It's a cursive version of と like the one in the picture, but written more\nstylistically\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A7PEQ.jpg)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-25T00:55:37.863", "id": "100065", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-25T03:56:48.133", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-25T03:56:48.133", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "55770", "parent_id": "100062", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 }, { "body": "It is not a contraction but a design of と. It is supposed to represent the\nbeginning of the stroke written with a brush.\n\nYou can see the same style in し in 亡くした on the fourth line. On this, the\nfollowing contains more information.\n\n * [ひらがな書体の種類と移り変わり](https://crd.ndl.go.jp/reference/modules/d3ndlcrdentry/index.php?page=ref_view&id=1000141302)\n\n* * *\n\nThe closest I can find is a font named [GL-\n築地五号](https://www.fontmatome.com/gl-tsukiji-5/)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/e6pKi.png)\n\n* * *\n\nFor a similar thing in Latin alphabets, you can think about the difference\nbetween **a** and _**a**_ , or between modern scripts and [uncial\nscripts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncial_script).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-25T01:18:58.863", "id": "100066", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-25T01:18:58.863", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100062", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 }, { "body": "This style of と is found in fonts like 築地体初号仮名, an archaic looking font\ndeveloped by Morisawa. It's a reproduction of a particular set of movable\ntype, and other font makers might have similar looking ones, but Morisawa's\nparticularly looks similar to me.\n\nHere is a sample [provided by\nMorisawa](https://www.morisawa.co.jp/fonts/specimen/1861):\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jkgJA.png)\n\nSo what you have found is not an instance of hiragana contractions and\nshorthands. If you are looking for them, they are called kana ligatures\n(合略仮名). [ゟ for より](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%9F) is one of them.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-25T07:41:53.903", "id": "100070", "last_activity_date": "2023-09-01T09:38:50.177", "last_edit_date": "2023-09-01T09:38:50.177", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "100062", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100064", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I recently came across:\n\n> 自分が相手にものを与える。また、 **相手に対してある** 行為をしたり、加えたりする。\n\nFor context, this is from a Japanese dictionary for the word 呉れる.\n\n**Question:** Why is 対する being used in its ~てある form, as opposed to its 対する or\n対している forms?\n\nI know that ~てある is used to express a state that exists as the result of a\ndeliberate action. For example: \"ドアが閉めてある\" means \"the door has been closed (by\nsomeone, intentionally)\". But that doesn't seem to be what's going on here?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-24T22:28:22.780", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100063", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T15:19:06.773", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51280", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "てある" ], "title": "Understanding 対してある vs. 対している vs. 対する", "view_count": 85 }

[ { "body": "This case I believe you want to parse it as\n[に対して](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AB%E5%AF%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6) instead\nof 対してある since you have the に coming after 相手.\n\nThis would then indicate ある行為をしたり、加えたりする are regarding / in the context of\nwhoever the 相手 (partner(s) / other party) is in the overall context.\n\nSo we get something roughly like:\n\n> Oneself gives things to a partner. Also, regarding them, they do things like\n> actions, get involved, and etc.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-24T22:53:30.543", "id": "100064", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-24T23:01:24.847", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-24T23:01:24.847", "last_editor_user_id": "30339", "owner_user_id": "30339", "parent_id": "100063", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "The \"ある\" goes with \"行為,\" meaning \"a certain (action).\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-26T15:19:06.773", "id": "100088", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T15:19:06.773", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56889", "parent_id": "100063", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100068", "answer_count": 2, "body": "When I started using [WaniKani](https://knowledge.wanikani.com/getting-\nstarted/how-wanikani-works/) I was always wondering why 上がる is intransitive\n(to rise by your-/itself) and 上げる is transitive (to raise something).\n\nOver time I learned that there are patterns defining when something is\ntransitive or intransitive. A word ending in ある is always intransitive. A word\nending in す is always transitive. And a word ending in あす seems to always\nfollow the pattern \"to make something do something\" (e.g. 飛ばす to make/send\nsomething flying).\n\nSo when the word ends in ある or す I am save. Since you often have\ntransitive/intransitive word pairs you are also save as long as you know the\nword with the distinctive pattern.\n\nHowever, there are enough verbs that don't follow either of the above named\npatterns. But, if that is the case, without having proof for it, I feel like\nthere is always one word in a pair that ends in える. As an example look at 見る\n(To see), 見える (to be seen), and 見せる (to make see or to show).\n\nHere the word without pattern (見る) is transitive and the word with pattern\n(見える) is intransitive. The other way round is also possible with 見つける being\nthe transitive part of a word pair. And in the case of 見せる it even seems like\nthe える form can take the role of the あす form.\n\nMy question about this topic is: Is there a ruleset I can use to determine\nwhether a verb ending in える is transitive or intransitive if the word it is\npaired with doesn't end in ある or す?\n\n[This question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/586/about-eru-\nand-aru-verb-pairs-that-are-not-transitive-intransitive-counterpart) seems\nrelated but doesn't answre my question. The answer to [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14861/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B-%E3%81%A8%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B-and-\nsuch-pairs-of-verbs) explains what I explained here but doesn't dive into the\nえる problematic.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-25T02:47:31.630", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100067", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T03:54:03.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55767", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "grammar", "verbs", "transitivity" ], "title": "When are える words 他動詞 and when are they 自動詞?", "view_count": 121 }

[ { "body": "> Is there a ruleset I can use to determine whether a verb ending in える is\n> transitive or intransitive if the word it is paired with doesn't end in ある\n> or す?\n\nThe patterns involving *える verbs(*え means all え段 kana, like け、め、せ...) are\ngenerally as follows:\n\n##### えるー*ある (*あ means all あ段 kana, like か、ま、さ...)\n\n * 伝わるー伝える\n * 変わるー変える\n * 当たるー当てる\n * 終わるー終える (rarely used but exists)\n\nえる verbs are TRANSITIVE here\n\n##### れるーす\n\n * 流れるー流す\n * 零れるー零す\n * 壊れるー壊す\n * 崩れるー崩す\n\n*える verbs are INTRANSITIVE here\n\n##### *うー *える\n\n * 開くー開ける\n * 止むー止める\n * 付くー付ける\n\n*える verbs are TRANSITIVE here\n\n##### *あすー *える\n\n * 果たすー果てる\n * 冷やすー冷える\n * 燃やすー燃える\n * 癒{いや}すー癒える\n\n*える verbs are INTRANSITIVE here\n\nThat's pretty much all involving *える verbs. There are others like\nる-す(残るー残す、回るー回す、返すー返る), *おすー *いる(過ごすー過ぎる、起こすー起きる), or irregulars like\n(消えるー消す、伸ばすー伸びる、尽くすー尽きる...) but the pairs involving *える would fit in the\ncategories listed above.\n\nIf you can identify your *える verb with one of the 4 patterns above, then you\ncan quite confidently know if the *える is transitive or intransitive.\nPersonally I memorize each pair as two separate, distinct verbs, but it's up\nto you how you want to organize stuff in your head.\n\nFor 見える and 聞こえる, you should treat these two verbs specially, as they are\nleftover potential forms of 見る and 聞く from older Japanese, they are not\ntransitive-intransitive pairs. For 見せる, it also isn't a pair with 見つける, but a\nstand-alone verb. 見つける(transitive) is paired with 見つかる(intransitive).", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-25T04:18:18.390", "id": "100068", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-25T04:26:05.400", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-25T04:26:05.400", "last_editor_user_id": "39855", "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "100067", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "The following are the guidelines, not rules, that I gathered from this\n(somewhat controversial)\n[book](https://books.google.co.jp/books/about/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AB%E4%B8%BB%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AF%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84_%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4.html?id=kh2tBQAAQBAJ)\ntitled 日本語に主語はいらない—百年の誤謬を正す.\n\n## /ari/ as an intransitivity marker\n\nIf one of the pair ends with /ari/ in its ます-stem, it's intransitive. This\nintransitivity marker /ari/ is historically related to ある ( _to be_ ). The\nunmarked (i.e. transitive) side of the pair mostly (if not always) ends with\n/e/ in its ます-stem.\n\nI list all examples below in their ます-forms so the marking is clear, and also\nput an asterisk on the marked side. Each line has the intransitive verb first\nfollowed by the transitive counterpart.\n\n * 上がります* vs. 上げます\n * 下がります* vs. 下げます\n * 閉まります* vs. 閉めます (締まります* vs. 締めます)\n * 始まります* vs. 始めます\n * 変わります* vs. 変えます\n * 集まります* vs. 集めます\n * 教わります* vs. 教えます\n * 預かります* vs. 預けます\n * 受かります* vs. 受けます\n * 見つかります* vs. 見つけます\n\nThere are exceptions to this rule. 割る is one such case. It is probably\netymologically unrelated to ある, and it's the unmarked side in its pair (with\n割れる). I will come back to these pairs later.\n\nI don't know if 積もる, with /ri/ but not /a/, is a variation of this pattern or\nunrelated.\n\n## /si/ as a transitivity marker\n\nIf one of the pair ends with /si/ (し) in its ます-stem, it's transitive. This\ntransitivity marker /si/ is historically related to する ( _to do_ ). The\nunmarked (i.e. intransitive) side of the pair may or may not end with /e/ in\nits ます-stem.\n\n * 落ちます vs. 落とします*\n * 起きます vs. 起こします*\n * 通ります vs. 通します*\n * 戻ります vs. 戻します*\n * 出ます vs. 出します*\n * 消えます vs. 消します*\n * 隠れます vs. 隠します*\n * 汚れます vs. 汚します*\n * 壊れます vs. 壊します*\n\nIn some of the pairs in this category, the transitive side is actually the\nshort (old) causative form. 飛ばす is one of them.\n\n * 沸きます vs. 沸かします*\n * 動きます vs. 動かします*\n * 飛びます vs. 飛ばします*\n\nThe /s/ sound in causative forms is also thought to be historically related to\nする.\n\n## Others\n\nIf neither of the pair is marked by /ari/ or /si/, one ends with /i/ and the\nother with /e/ in their ます-stems. Between them, the one with /e/ is considered\nmarked and the one with /i/ unmarked. The verbs in this category are further\ndivided into two subgroups depending on which direction the /e/ marker works\nin.\n\nA. /e/ as a transitivity marker\n\n * 開きます vs. 開けます*\n * 立ちます vs. 立てます*\n * 付きます vs. 付けます* (also written with other kanji)\n * 続きます vs. 続けます*\n * 並びます vs. 並べます*\n * 届きます vs. 届けます*\n * 育ちます vs. 育てます*\n * 縮みます vs. 縮めます*\n\nB. /e/ as an intransitivity marker\n\n * 割れます* vs. 割ります\n * 焼けます* vs. 焼きます\n * 切れます* vs. 切ります\n * 破れます* vs. 破ります\n * 折れます* vs. 折ります\n * 砕けます* vs. 砕きます\n\nTo determine which group a verb belongs to, we need to rely on semantics. The\nverbs in the second group are _break_ -like verbs. The unmarked (default)\nside, of which 割る is one, denotes a forceful and destructive action upon\nsomething, and therefore transitive, and the marked side (i.e. with /e/)\ndescribes a change that results from it, and therefore intransitive.\n\nThe book argues transitivity in Japanese is not a dichotomy but a continuum of\nhow much control the speaker has over the action or event of the verb. At the\nleast transitive end are passive forms. The /(r)are/ morpheme in passive forms\nis historically related to ある. At the other end are causative forms with the\n/(s)ase/ morpheme, whose /s/ sound is historically related to する. (You have\ncontrol over what other people do.) The /ari/ and /si/ markers above, which\nare thought to be the results of (the old forms of) ある and する fusing into the\nbase verbs, put the verbs inside of, respectively, the passive and causative\nextremes on the transitivity scale.\n\n見える doesn't make up a pair with 見る, and neither does 聞こえる with 聞く. However,\nthey are similar in formation to the verbs in the first subgroup of the third\ncategory above. The /e/ marker (from ゆ) here denotes spontaneity and thus puts\nthe verbs on the intransitive side of their respective base versions.\n\nThough not exactly intransitive-transitive pairs, _godan_ verbs (or u-verbs)\nand their potential forms may be seen in a similar light. The /e/ marker,\ndenoting potentiality, puts the verbs with it on the intransitive side of\ntheir unmarked counterparts. This may explain the use of が with potential\nverbs.\n\n見せる, with /s/, clearly has a causative sense. It doesn't make up a pair with\n見る, either, but must be related to the second category. (In Kansai-ben, we say\n見して as well as 見せて.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-26T03:17:57.230", "id": "100082", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T03:54:03.380", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-26T03:54:03.380", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "100067", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100080", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Part 1 [Part 2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100072/subete-wa-\nkaramawari-overall-interpretation-of-still-for-your-love) [Part\n3](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100073/understanding-two-\nsections-of-still-for-your-love) [Part\n4](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100074/understanding-two-more-\nsections-of-still-for-your-love) [Part\n5](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100087/general-interpretation-\nof-still-for-your-love)\n\nThis time I'm cross-posting\n[this](https://mickgorroonyoutubeartisticsongtranslations.quora.com/Aaaand-\nyet-another-what-the-heck-does-this-song-say-post-I-m-so-various-Well-today-\nwe-have-another-Japanese-song), and I'm already splitting it. The song this is\nabout is [Still for your love](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/detective-conan-\nost-still-your-love-lyrics.html) ([video](https://youtu.be/imo2c-85oyw)).\n\nThis question is about the following part:\n\n> 何かが起こりそうな夜は \n> 祈りをささげて 目を閉じなよ \n> こんな月のとける夜に \n> 愛され生まれてきたのとママは言った \n>\n\nRomaji:\n\n> Nanika ga okorisou na yo wa \n> Inori wo sasagete me wo tojina yo \n> Konna tsuki no tokeru yo ni \n> Aisare umarete kita no to mama wa itta \n>\n\nPossible translation:\n\n> On a night when something seems to (be going to) happen \n> Offer a prayer and close your eyes \n> \"On a night like this one when the moon melts \n> [You?] were born being loved\", mama said.\n\nQuestions:\n\n 1. \"something seems to happen\" or \"it seems something will happen\"?\n 2. What does it mean that \"the moon melts\"?\n 3. Do you think I got the extent of the quotations implied by the \"to\" in l. 4 right? Should I limit them to \"Ai sare umarete kita\", or expand them to all the way to the beginning of the section, or maybe just to l. 2 excluding l. 1?\n 4. Who is the subject of the first clause of l. 4? A [native Japanese on Quora](https://mickgorroonyoutubeartisticsongtranslations.quora.com/Aaaand-yet-another-what-the-heck-does-this-song-say-post-I-m-so-various-Well-today-we-have-another-Japanese-song?comment_id=60836676&comment_type=3) translated this clause as «Even love came into reality»: is this possible? Can \"sare\" be a variant of \"sae\" = \"even, also\"?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-25T16:03:23.893", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100071", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T14:02:27.340", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-26T14:02:27.340", "last_editor_user_id": "5324", "owner_user_id": "5324", "post_type": "question", "score": -1, "tags": [ "translation", "song-lyrics", "song" ], "title": "Understanding the first section of Still for your love", "view_count": 97 }

[ { "body": "> 1. \"something seems to happen\" or \"it seems something will happen\"?\n>\n\nThese English sentences seem almost the same to me. The original sentence is\nabout the future. It's a mysterious/suspenseful night, but nothing has\nhappened yet.\n\n> 2. What does it mean that \"the moon melts\"?\n>\n\nIt's not an idiomatic expression, so your guess is as good as mine. One\npossibility is that the moon looks blurry because of clouds or fog, but I'm\nnot sure.\n\n> 3. Do you think I got the extent of the quotations implied by the \"to\" in\n> l. 4 right?\n>\n\nYes, \"こんな月のとける夜に愛され生まれてきたの\" is what Mama said.\n\n> 4. Who is the subject of the first clause of l. 4?\n>\n\n愛され is the masu-stem of 愛される, which is the passive form of 愛する, so it only\nmeans \"to be loved\". \"You were born being loved\" is the correct\ninterpretation. There is no \"even\".", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-26T02:22:57.800", "id": "100080", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-26T02:22:57.800", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100071", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100109", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[Part 1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100071/understanding-\nthe-first-section-of-still-for-your-love) Part 2 [Part\n3](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100073/understanding-two-\nsections-of-still-for-your-love) [Part\n4](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100074/understanding-two-more-\nsections-of-still-for-your-love) [Part\n5](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100087/general-interpretation-\nof-still-for-your-love)\n\nThis time I'm cross-posting\n[this](https://mickgorroonyoutubeartisticsongtranslations.quora.com/Aaaand-\nyet-another-what-the-heck-does-this-song-say-post-I-m-so-various-Well-today-\nwe-have-another-Japanese-song), and I'm already splitting it. The song is\n[Still for your love](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/detective-conan-ost-\nstill-your-love-lyrics.html) ([video](https://youtu.be/imo2c-85oyw)), and\nwe're talking about the following part:\n\nお願い遠くへ 行かないでと \nなぜママは涙を流すの \nずっとずっとそばにいるよ \n小さな心で思ってたけど \nあの人に会うまでは \n心ゆらされるまでは \nそして全てはからまわり \n未来がちぎれるのを見た \n\n**Question 1: そして全てはからまわり**\n\nWhat does this sentence mean in this song? Looking at the words, \"Then\neverything was fruitless effort\" would be my first guess, but why? What did\nthis _ano hito_ do to the poor singer that \"everything was in vain\"? And what\n\"everything\"?\n\n[A Japanese on\nQuora](https://mickgorroonyoutubeartisticsongtranslations.quora.com/Aaaand-\nyet-another-what-the-heck-does-this-song-say-post-I-m-so-various-Well-today-\nwe-have-another-Japanese-song?comment_id=60836676&comment_type=3) translates\nthis as \"Everything got twisted\", and I somehow came up with \"Everything loses\nits footing\" some 11 years ago, but \"karamawari\" seems to mean \"idling\" or\n\"fruitless effort\", so how does that lead to either of these two translations?\n\nAnd who could this _ano hito_ be? Mother's lover? Pedo or other person violent\nto the child-daughter?\n\n**Question 2: 心揺らされるまでは**\n\nHow should I translate this? I'd guess \"Until [my] heart was shaken\". That\nJapanese on Quora from the previous question translated it as \"And he deprived\nmy heart\". AFAICT “yurasu” means “to shake, to sway”, how do we get from there\nto “to take away from, to deprive”? Deprive of what? Or did he mean \"And he\nstole my heart\", but again, how do we get there?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-25T16:23:09.983", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100072", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-28T01:33:35.060", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-26T13:59:25.483", "last_editor_user_id": "5324", "owner_user_id": "5324", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "song-lyrics", "song" ], "title": "About two sentences in Still for your love", "view_count": 87 }

[ { "body": "If you want literal translations, you may want to stop relying on that\nJapanese person's translation. It's not bad at all to use words with similar\nmeanings and do free translations, but it may be confusing to a learner who\nhas to look up the meanings of words one by one.\n\nAnd this is a song that allows multiple interpretations. I read the entire\nlyrics several times, but it's very hard to specify who あの人 refers to with\nconfidence. People have various speculations:\n\n * [rumania montevideoの「still for your love」は、22年で2度意味を変え、私の人生をも動かした！](https://note.com/47miku/n/n14ddee6aef21)\n * [名探偵コナンの名曲 \"still for your love\" の歌詞の意味を私なりに解釈してみた](https://ameblo.jp/7beautiful4dirty-1rich/entry-12594193922.html)\n\n 1. あの人 = \"The person I fell in love with\". When I was little, I thought I would spend all my time with my mother. However, I fell in love, got a boyfriend, and had to choose between my mother and my boyfriend. I eventually decided to choose my boyfriend and left my mother, but I still wish her happiness.\n 2. あの人 = \"My ex-husband's cheating partner\". When I was little, my parents divorced, which was shocking to me. And this time I am going through my own divorce. but I still wish happiness of my separated husband and his new partner.\n\nI personally like the first interpretation; this is probably a song about a\nperson who has a new boyfriend and spend most of her time away from her\nfamily, still wishing happiness of her family.\n\n* * *\n\n> そして全てはからまわり\n\nYou know the meaning of から回り. It refers to an effort that does not yield\nmeaningful results, like an engine that does not engage any gear. It just\nindicates her life is not going well even after becoming an adult. In that\nsense, \"twisted\" is not wrong.\n\n> 心揺らされるまでは\n\nThe literal meaning is \"Until [my] heart was shaken\". It probably means \"Until\nI fell in love with him\", but other interpretations are possible.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-28T01:33:35.060", "id": "100109", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-28T01:33:35.060", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100072", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100110", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[Part 1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100071/understanding-\nthe-first-section-of-still-for-your-love) [Part\n2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100072/subete-wa-karamawari-\noverall-interpretation-of-still-for-your-love) Part 3 [Part\n4](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100074/understanding-two-more-\nsections-of-still-for-your-love) [Part\n5](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100087/general-interpretation-\nof-still-for-your-love)\n\nThe question is about the following part of [Still for your\nlove](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/detective-conan-ost-still-your-love-\nlyrics.html) ([video](https://youtu.be/imo2c-85oyw)):\n\n> さぁ 裸足になって 大地けって \n> 虹をこえて 空をつかんで \n> \n> I wish 胸の十字架をにぎり 朝は \n> 希望があなたにふりそそぎ 夜は \n> やわらかな光が あなたを包み込み \n> 明日{あす}への勇気を与える \n>\n\nPossible translation:\n\n> I wish, clutching the cross on my chest, [that] in the morning \n> Hope pours into you, [and] at night \n> A gentle light, embracing you, \n> Gives you the courage to get to tomorrow. \n>\n\n 1. Is there any reason to read the -te forms of the first couplet as \"let's\" rather than imperatives? Should I perhaps link them to the \"I wish\"?\n 2. What is that cross? Is it a crucifix, possibly? Otherwise why is whoever speaks these lines grabbing this cross while wishing (praying?)?\n 3. Is the part from \"asa wa\" onwards the content of the wish, or are the three -i-form verbs and \"ataeru\" actually happening? Should \"nigiri\" also be referred to \"you\" instead of introducing the \"I\" into the Japanese? If so, what is \"I wish\" doing there?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-25T16:39:16.140", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100073", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-28T02:41:10.803", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-28T02:26:39.457", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5324", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "song-lyrics", "song" ], "title": "Understanding two sections of Still for your love", "view_count": 55 }

[ { "body": "> 1. Is there any reason to read the -te forms of the first couplet as\n> \"let's\" rather than imperatives?\n>\n\nBasically it's up to the translator, but the interjection さあ does have a\n\"Let's\" feel to it.\n\n> 2. What is that cross? Is it a crucifix, possibly? Otherwise why is\n> whoever speaks these lines grabbing this cross while wishing (praying?)?\n>\n\nIt's a cross as a [generic symbol of\nreligions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross#Emblems). It's not strictly\nlimited to Christianity.\n\n> 3. Is the part from \"asa wa\" onwards the content of the wish, or are the\n> three -i-form verbs and \"ataeru\" actually happening? Should \"nigiri\" also be\n> referred to \"you\" instead of introducing the \"I\" into the Japanese? If so,\n> what is \"I wish\" doing there?\n>\n\n\"I wish\" is just an independent sentence separated from the rest.\nGrammatically speaking, nothing indicates the part after \"I wish\" is what she\nwishes. From the context, however, it is reasonable to assume that \"朝は...与える\"\nis the content of her prayer.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-28T02:41:10.803", "id": "100110", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-28T02:41:10.803", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100073", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100111", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[Part 1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100071/understanding-\nthe-first-section-of-still-for-your-love) [Part\n2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100072/subete-wa-karamawari-\noverall-interpretation-of-still-for-your-love) [Part\n3](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100073/understanding-two-\nsections-of-still-for-your-love) Part 4 [Part\n5](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/100087/general-interpretation-\nof-still-for-your-love)\n\nThis time I'm cross-posting\n[this](https://mickgorroonyoutubeartisticsongtranslations.quora.com/Aaaand-\nyet-another-what-the-heck-does-this-song-say-post-I-m-so-various-Well-today-\nwe-have-another-Japanese-song), and I'm already splitting it. I still give the\nfull lyrics to the song, [Still for your\nlove](https://lyricstranslate.com/en/detective-conan-ost-still-your-love-\nlyrics.html) ([video](https://youtu.be/imo2c-85oyw)) in case it's useful to\nhave them for context:\n\n何かが起こりそうな夜は \n祈りをささげて 目を閉じなよ \nこんな月のとける夜に \n愛され生まれてきたのとママは言った \n \nお願い遠くへ 行かないでと \nなぜママは涙を流すの \nずっとずっとそばにいるよ \n小さな心で思ってたけど \nあの人に会うまでは \n心ゆらされるまでは \nそして全てはからまわり \n未来がちぎれるのを見た \n \nさぁ 裸足になって 大地けって \n虹をこえて 空をつかんで \n \nI wish 胸の十字架をにぎり 朝は \n希望があなたにふりそそぎ 夜は \nやわらかな光が あなたを包み込み \n明日{あす}への勇気を与える \n \n幼い頃に うえつけられた傷は重く \n心にのしかかり \n暗い狭い世界で 心ない世界で \nゆりかごに似たやすらかな Final song \n \nもう二度と 会えないとわかってても \n色を変えてもつながってるから 空は \n白い羽根身につけ 大きくはばたいて \n未来を変えるよ この手で \n \nI wish 胸の十字架をにぎり 朝は \n希望があなたにふりそそぎ 夜は \nやわらかな光が あなたを包み込み \n明日{あす}への勇気を与える \n \nI wish forever her great happiness la la la \nEverynight in your dream I see you I feel you la la la \nTears stood in her eyes la la la Please don't cry la la la \nForever still for you, still for your love \n\nThe question is about the following part:\n\n幼い頃に うえつけられた傷は重く \n心にのしかかり \n暗い狭い世界で 心ない世界で \nゆりかごに似たやすらかな Final song \n \nもう二度と 会えないとわかってても \n色を変えてもつながってるから 空は \n白い羽根身につけ 大きくはばたいて \n未来を変えるよ この手で \n\nPossible translation:\n\nThe wounds burned [into me] in childhood \nPress heavily on my heart \nIn a dark and narrow world, in a heartless world \nA gentle Final song feeling like a cradle \n \nEven knowing we can't meet again \nBecause our skies are connected even though they change colors \nTacking white wings to my body [and] flapping wide \nI will change the future with these [two] hands! \n\n**Question 1:**\n\nWhat is a \"final song\"? Why is \"nita\" past tense and not non-past \"niru\"? Does\nthis song no longer feel like a cradle? When did it then?\n\n**Question 2:**\n\nL. 2 can be read in like 4 ways:\n\n 1. \"sora wa\" as the subject of both tsunagatteru and kaete, as above;\n 2. \"sora wa\" as the subject of only tsunagatteru (because the sky is connected even though [we] change colors);\n 3. \"sora wa\" as the subject of only kaete (because we are still related/connected even though the sky changes color);\n 4. \"sora wa\" as part of the following line (which would then presumably happen in the sky, because having the sky tack wings onto itself doesn't seem to make much sense).\n\nI would exclude #3 because of the position is \"sora wa\", but why the rest?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-25T16:53:28.867", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100074", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-28T02:53:47.817", "last_edit_date": "2023-06-26T14:03:22.323", "last_editor_user_id": "5324", "owner_user_id": "5324", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "song-lyrics", "song" ], "title": "Understanding two more sections of Still for your love", "view_count": 100 }

[ { "body": "> What is a \"final song\"?\n\nIt's a tough question, but since it's said before もう二度と会えない, perhaps it\nimplies \"This is my last message/song to you\".\n\n> Why is \"nita\" past tense and not non-past \"niru\"? Does this song no longer\n> feel like a cradle? When did it then?\n\nSee:\n\n * [\"太ってる猫\" vs \"太った猫\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3361/5010)\n * [What are the general principles of using verbs to modify nouns (e.g. 焦げるトースト/焦げたトースト)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11975/5010)\n * [Use of かける (N5 question)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29671/5010)\n\n> L. 2 can be read in like 4 ways:\n\nGo with the first interpretation.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-28T02:53:47.817", "id": "100111", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-28T02:53:47.817", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100074", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]