conversations
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[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In which case does an atom emit more energy?\\nA: An electron drops down from the first excited state to the ground state\\nB: An electron drops down from the third excited state to the ground state"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A\\n\\nthird excited state"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A solid, glowing hot object will emit light over the full range of wavelengths resulting in a continuos spectrum. If a diffuse and relatively cool cloud of gas is located between the glowing, hot object and an observer, what type of spectrum will the observer detect coming out of the cloud?\\n\\ncontinuous spectrum\\nabsorption spectrum\\nemission spectrum"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "absorption spectrum\\n\\nThe cool cloud causes some of the light to re-radiate and appear as different colors"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "imagine that you are looking at a neon sign in a store window that says \"OPEN\". This sign can be thought of as a tube filled with a gas of neon atoms that have electrons changing from one energy state to a different energy state and in the process are giving off mostly red light. Which type of spectrum would you observe coming from the \"OPEN\" sign?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "emission spectrum"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following best describes atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The smallest unit of an element"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Jack is building a model to represent the behavior of atoms in a liquid. He uses beads for his model. Which of the following best describes how Jack should use the beads to show the behavior of atoms in a liquid?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The beads should be able to slide past each other."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following lists the two particles found together inside the nucleus of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following changes must Hunter make to the illustration to accurately represent the same substance in the solid phase?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atoms should be closely packed together."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How are the protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up an atom distributed?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons and neutrons in region 1, electrons orbiting in region 2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Morgan is building a model to represent the motion of atoms in a gas. She uses beads for her model. Which of the following best describes how Morgan should use the beads to show the behavior of atoms in a gas?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The beads should be far apart and move very fast."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following correctly identifies the three smaller components that make up atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Neutrons, electrons, and protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following changes must Luis make to the illustration to accurately represent the same substance in the liquid phase?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "There should be increased movement of the atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The smallest unit of an element is known as which of the following?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following changes must Kaylee make to the illustration to accurately represent the same substance in the gas phase?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "There should be very wide spaces between the atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the charge of an atom and why?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "neutral (because protons = electrons)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the Greek word atomos mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "not to be cut/indivisble"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which number is the atomic number?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "5"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which number is the atomic mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "10.81"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how many groups are on the PTOE?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "18"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many periods are on the PTOE?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "7"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what's in the nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "whats in the electron cloud?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which elements are in the same group?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "oxygen and sulfur"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which elements are in the same period?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "oxygen and neon"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which subatomic particle determines the type of atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Number of protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Is ammonia (NH3) an element or compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Compound"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Is ozone (O3) an element or compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Element"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Is air matter or not matter?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Matter; made up of atoms and molecules, has mass, takes up space, is a gas"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Is heat matter or not matter?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Not matter ; not made up of atoms or molecules, does not have mass, does not take up space, isn't a solid, liquid or gas"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Is oxygen gas (O2) an element or a compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Oxygen gas is an element (made up of only one type of atom)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) an element or a compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen peroxide is a compound (made up of more than one type of atom)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many atoms are in a molecule of chlorine gas (Cl2)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A molecule of chlorine gas is made up of 2 atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many atoms are in a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A molecule of carbon dioxide is made up of 3 atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many atoms are in a molecule of propane (C3H8)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A molecule of propane is made up of 11 atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why can't scientists see atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They're too small to be seen in detail; they have to use indirect means to study them."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What comprises most of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Empty space"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What properties of atoms did the rutherford not explain?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus while electrons are outside. The model did not explain why electrons did not crash into the nucleus."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did neils Bohr resolve the problems with the Rutherford model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electrons are allowed in specific Orbits electrons didn't emit light on the orbit electrons emit light only when moving between orbits"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the limitations of the bohr model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Is only applicable to hydrogen Atoms with multi electrons are not explained"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The color of the emitted light depends on what if the light?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The wavelength"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The brightness of each line is depended on what?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The amplitude"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do electrons become excited?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "When they absorb energy"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What form of energy accompanies the return of excited electrons to the ground state?Is this energy always visible to the human eye?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Only the visible section of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why do these energy levels mean that the atom will show an emission spectrum of discrete lines rather than a continuous spectrum of emitted light?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atoms have specific numbers of electrons when falling they emit only certain colors and not all colors"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How does a hydrogen atom, which has only one electron, have so many lines in it's spectrum?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "There were many hydrogen atoms and spectral tube, falling different orbits and emitting different colors."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum do the atomic emission spectra show?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Line spectrum not continuous spectrum"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Would the atomic emission spectrum for each sample change if you repeated the procedure?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Emission spectrum wouldn't change"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does each line in an atomic emission spectrum represent?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Each line represents a change in energy"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the atomic emission spectra can the Bohr model explain?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The bore model explains only hydrogen or spectra of atom with one electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What would the absorption spectra look like?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The dark lines would be seen instead of the bright lines"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "why are elements often called the building blocks of matter?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "all matter is composed of one element or a combination of elements"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "sodium cloride is an example of a compound. T or F?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "True"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "why do scientists use models to help them understand atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "to provide a physical, mental, or visual aid to understanding"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "with only a few changes, daltons theory is accepted today. T or F?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "T"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "who described the atom as negative charges scattered through a ball of positive charge?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Thomson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what experiment convinced ernest Rutherford that the atom has a small, positively charged nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the gold foil experiment"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what particle did Chadwick discover in 1932 that was hard to detect because it had no electrical charge?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "newtron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "since the 1930's, the model of the atom has changed a great deal. (T or F?)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "F"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Where are the electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "electron cloud"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is in an atoms nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a proton's charge?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "positive"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a neutron's charge?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "neutral"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a electron's charge?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "negative"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The number that tells us the combined number of protons and neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atomic Mass"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following statements are true about the atoms of any element? \\na. The number of protons in an atom of an element is unique to each element.\\nb. The number of protons and neutrons in an atom of an element is unique to each element\\nc. A proton in an atom of one element is identical to a proton in an atom of another element.\\nd. The number of protons in an atom of an element is the same for all elements."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Three types of particles that make up all atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons, neutrons, and electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "According to Democritus, what is the composition of matter?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He believed that atoms could not be divided any further, it was a finite and hard substance that the human eye could not see."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the root of our word \"atom\" and how is this root misleading?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a- means not in Greek and tomos- cut, together this makes atomos or as we know it, atom, which means not cuttable"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What replaced Democritus' idea of atoms? Why did this happen?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Many different scientists help replace Democritus' idea of atoms, Ernest Rutherford would prove that atoms are not completely solid rather mostly empty space. JJ Thomson would prove that there are multiple components to the atom with the discovery of the electron."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the five main ideas of Dalton's theory? What idea compromised the acceptance of his work?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "All matter is composed of small particles called atoms\\n\\nThey are definite, All atoms are indestructible\\n--Chemical reactions or rearrangements of atoms not creation/destruction\\n\\nAtoms of the same elements are identical\\n\\nAtoms of different elements have different masses\\n\\nChemical combinations of elements happen in small, whole number ratios of atoms (Law of Proportions)\\n--NO2 has twice as many O atoms relative to N atoms making its mass ratio twice as large"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the basic ideas of Dalton's Atomic Theory is an extension of what the Greeks believed about atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Aristotle thought that matter was continuous and infinitely divisible, Dalton discovered that it was discrete and stopped at the atom."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did William Crookes determine the nature of the beam in cathode ray tube?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He used an electric current to show the electrons interacting with the residual gas creating the blue light from ionized atoms. Using the maltese cross, he could see these rays traveled in straight lines."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What did he conclude from his experiment?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Cathode rays travel in straight lines, as observed with the shadow cross."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did Thomson use the cathode ray tube in his research?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He used it to prove the existence of the electron which carried the electricity from the cathode to the positive side. He used magnets and electric fields to show the deflection of the ray, concluding it's negative charge."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What did Thomson conclude based on his research?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atoms are made up of very light, highly negatively charged subatomic particles called electrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did Thomson's findings revise Dalton's Atomic Theory?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He determined that atoms were not like billiard balls, completely solid, making atoms the smallest particles but instead they were more like plum pudding (also an imperfect model), with subatomic particles."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Describe and sketch Thomson's model of the atom. What is wrong with the picture presented on the www.iun.edu page?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Thomson believed that atoms were uniform with positively and negatively charged subatomic particles throughout. However, he was wrong, in the gold foil experiment it was shown that alpha particles would not go straight through the foil as expected but occasionally bounce in varying directions. This showed that there was something dense in the part of the atom and it was not uniform. The results led Rutherford to create his new model of the atom."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Go to the micro.magnet.fsu site. What do you observe when the slit width is adjusted to 4.0 nm?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Most particles are able to pass straight through the gold foil; however, some deflect or bounce back towards the lead screen. As the slit width increases the more particles bounce back or deflect."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did Rutherford's experiment disprove Thomson's model of the atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "If Thomson's model was correct than the alpha particles which were 8,000 times the size of an electron should be able to pass straight through the gold foil, or with very slight deviation from the positively charged pudding. However, upon viewing the results Rutherford saw that at times the particles would deviate at a great angle and high velocity. From this he determined that the atom must have a dense nucleus that is positively charged."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What new model did Rutherford propose? Sketch it."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He proposed a planetary model in which the electrons circled the positive nucleus similar to the way our solar system works."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which subatomic particle did James Chadwick discover? Compare its mass to that of a proton."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He discovered the neutron which is slightly heavier than a proton but for the purposes of our class, is the same weight."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who was credited with the discovery of X-rays?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays when he observed sending them through hands could create a detailed picture of bones. X rays are rays of light between 3 and 0.03 nanometers. Hotter an object → the shorter the wavelength."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What important discovery did Becquerel make upon examining a piece of pitchblende wrapped up in paper? (Pitchblende is a source of uranium)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He discovered that the radiation of uranium and other radioactive elements was not from the sun but rather they themselves were radioactive. He proved that these emissions were not x-rays because x-rays could not be bent by a magnetic field but these could. He proved that there is neutral, positive and negative radiation."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What two elements did the Curies discover?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Polonium and Radium, which they discovered when extracting pure uranium out of a sample and discovering the remaining sample to be much more radioactive than pure uranium."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Becquerel was credited with discovering radioactivity, the spontaneous emission of radiation by a material. He also noticed that both X-rays and the radiation emitted by uranium had strong effects on photographic film, yet they are not the same. What important difference between radiation emitted by uranium and X-rays led him to this conclusion?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Radiation from uranium was negatively charged while the x-rays were neutral, he discovered this my using a magnets while emitting the radiation. \\n\\nAlpha particles: positively charged, large and move slowly\\n\\nBeta particles: negatively charged, smaller than alpha particles and move faster, stopped by a sheet of Al or several meters of air\\n\\nGamma rays: no charge, very fast and require a meter of concrete to be stopped"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "the photoelectric effect can be understood on the basis of: the electromagnetic theory of light, the interference of light waves, the special theory of relativity or none of these?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "none of these"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "when an atom absorbs a photon of light, which two of the four can happen: an electron shifts to a state of smaller quantum number, an electron shifts to a state of higher quantum number, an electron leaves the atom or an x ray photon is emitted?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an electron shifts to a state of higher quantum number and an electron leaves the atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which type of radiation is not emitted by the electronic structures of atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "gamma rays"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which of the properties is not characteristic of the light waves from a laser: the waves all have the same frequency, the waves are all in step with one another, the waves form a narrow beam, or the waves have higher photon energies than light waves of the same frequency from an ordinary source?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the waves have higher photon energies than light waves of the same frequency from an ordinary source"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how many quantum numbers are needed to determine the size and shape of an atomic orbital?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Atoms of elements in the same group of the periodic table share the same _______?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "number of valence electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an atom's nucleus made of?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many electrons will a neutral atom of carbon have if its nucleus has 6 protons, and 8 neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "6"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An element with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons has a mass number of?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "11"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An element with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons has an atomic number of what?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "5"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called what?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "isotopes"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The total number of electrons in the outer shell of a sodium is ___?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "one"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Two different isotopes of an element have different ___?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "amount of neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Two different isotopes of an element have the same what?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "number of protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 2nd shell of an atom of magnesium is?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "8"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the correct electron arrangement for sulfur?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell, 6 electrons in the 3rd shell"
}
] |