conversations
listlengths 2
2
|
|---|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which particle has the least mass?\\nA) an electron\\nB) a proton"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the overall charge of an ion that has 12 protons, 10 electrons, and 14 neutrons?\\nA) 2-\\nB) 2+"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2+"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which two particles have opposite charges?\\nA) an electron and a neutron\\nB) an electron and a proton"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an electron and a proton"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which part of a helium atom is positively charged?\\nA) electron\\nB) nucleus"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement best describes the nucleus of an aluminum atom?\\nA) It has a charge of + 13 and is surrounded by a total of 13 electrons \\nB) It has a charge of + 13 and is surrounded by a total of 10 electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It has a charge of + 13 and is surrounded by a total of 13 electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What was concluded about the structure of the atom as the result of the gold foil experiment? \\nA) A positively charged nucleus is surrounded by mostly empty space\\nB) A negatively charged nucleus is surrounded by mostly empty space"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A positively charged nucleus is surrounded by mostly empty space"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the total charge of the nucleus of a carbon atom?\\nA) +6\\nB) -6"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "+6"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the charge of the nucleus in an atom of oxygen 17?\\nA) +8\\nB) +17"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "+8"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many protons are in the nucleus of an atom of beryllium, Be?\\nA) 9\\nB) 4"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "4"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement describes the relative energy of the electrons in the shells of a calcium atom?\\nA) An electron in the third shell has more energy than an electron in the second shell\\nB) An electron in the third shell has less energy than an electron in the second shell"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An electron in the third shell has more energy than an electron in the second shell"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which principal energy level of an atom contains an electron with the lowest energy?\\nA) n = 2\\nB) n = 1"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "n = 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which change occurs when an atom is an excited state returns to the ground state?\\nA) energy is absorbed\\nB) energy is emitted"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "energy is absorbed"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement describes how an atom in the ground state becomes excited?\\nA) the atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell\\nB) The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a lower electron shell"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Explain, in terms of electrons and energy states, how the light emitted by excited atoms is produced"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "electrons lose energy as they return to a lower energy state"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many electrons can the 1st 3 energy levels hold?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2, 8, 18"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the significance of the periodic table of elements?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It predicts and list all the chemical elements in the universe."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What two types of particles exists within an atomic nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons and neutrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The word atom comes from the Greek word for indivisible. In what way are atoms indivisible?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They cannot be broken apart without losing their chemical properties."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In carbon's identification what does the number 12 stand for?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An atomic mass."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In what order did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the first periodic table?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "By atomic mass or properties within each column."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the atomic number tell you about the atom of the element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "This atomic number tells you the the number of protons and electrons in an atom ."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the atomic mass tell you about the atom of that element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The atomic mass tells us the weight of protons and neutrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do you know how many electrons there are surrounding the nucleus of a particular atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "You subtract the amount of protons from the atomic mass"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the period number represent?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The period number represents how many shells of electrons the atom has."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many electrons can each energy level hold for each shell, #1-#4?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2,8,8,18"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the last element in period #4"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Krypton"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Elements in each group number all have what in common?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the maximum number of shells an atom can have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Seven"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which atomic particles are found in the nucleus and what are their charges?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The proton and neutron. The proton has a positive charge and a neutron has no electrical charge"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which particle has a negative charge?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How would you label MOST reactive to LEAST reactive on the periodic table?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Left to right = most reactive to least reactive"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an ion?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An ion is an element with an unequal amount of electrons in an element."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an isotope?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An isotope is when you have an unequal amount of neutrons in an element."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What do we call a column on the periodic table?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Group or Family"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who suggested that electrons travel around the nucleus in definite paths?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Niels Bohr"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who performed an experiment proving the existence of an atomic nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Ernest Rutherford"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who discovered there are small particles inside the atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "J.J. Thomson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who performed an experiment proving that electrons exist?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "J.J. Thomson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An isotope of Chlorine would have how many neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "17 or 19 neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What do we call a row of elements on the periodic table?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Periods"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the zigzag line on the periodic table tell you?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It divides the periodic table into metals, non-metals, and metalloids"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What 2 atomic particles do I add together to find an element's atomic mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The protons and neutrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What charge does a neutron have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "neutral"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how many electrons does the first orbital hold"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "elements will a full outer shell are found in what group"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "18"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how do you find the number of neutrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "mass number - atomic number"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what model plots only valence electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "lewis dot structure"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What were the \"stages\" that the atom went through before it became the current Electron Cloud Model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Small spheres and pointy spheres (Democritus), The 4 elements (Aristotle), sphere with holes (Dalton), a sphere with negative and positive charges spread throughout (Thomson), Moving particles around a nucleus (Rutherford), Orbiting electrons with a negative charge and a nucleus with a positive charge (Bohr), and finally the most recent model."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What rules can you use to tell how many protons, neutrons and electrons make up an atom or ion?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The rules in part C have a lot to do with whether the the element is an atom or an ion. If you have the same amount of protons and electrons, then the element contains a neutral atom. But, if the amount of protons and electrons are not the same, then you will have an ion. If there are more protons than electrons, then the element is a positive ion. If there are more electrons than protons, then the element is a negative ion. The amount of neutrons does not play a factor into making a difference between an atom or an ion. Meaning you could have as many, or as little neutrons that you want, but it would never affect the atom or ion."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do scientists know how atoms are structured?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "By running experiments that expose their properties."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What can you conclude from the fact that scientists continue to update the atomic model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "New information about atoms continues to be discovered"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what contribution did john Dalton make to atomic theory?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He discovered that every element consisted of one type of atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The majority of an atom's mass exists where?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "In the nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the nucleus of an atom contain?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How are neutrons different from protons and electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They have no electrical charge"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"valence electron\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and determines the atom's chemical properties."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What percentage of elements are metal?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "75 percent"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which column or family of elements are the most reactive?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "column or family one, Alkali Metals"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which family found in the last column is the least reactive elements?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the noble gases"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What makes up most of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "empty space"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Where are electrons found in an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "In a cloud surrounding the nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is found in the nucleus of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Where is most of an atom's mass found?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "in the nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the same temperature as a substance's melting point?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Its freezing point"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the same temperature at which a substance condenses?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the boiling point"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement describes the earliest model of the atom?\\nA) An atom is an indivisible hard sphere.\\nB) An atom has a small, dense nucleus.\\nC) Electrons are negative particles in an atom.\\nD) Electrons in an atom have wave-like properties."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A) An atom is an indivisible hard sphere."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which sequence represents a correct order of historical developments leading to the modern model of the atom?\\nA) the atom is a hard sphere → most of the atom is empty space → electrons exist in orbitals outside the nucleus\\nB) the atom is a hard sphere → electrons exist in orbitals outside the nucleus → most of the atom is empty space\\nC) most of the atom is empty space → electrons exist in orbitals outside the nucleus → the atom is a hard sphere\\nD) most of the atom is empty space → the atom is a hard sphere → electrons exist in orbitals outside the nucleus"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A) the atom is a hard sphere → most of the atom is empty space → electrons exist in orbitals outside the nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which quantity represents the number of protons in an atom?\\nA) atomic number\\nB) oxidation number\\nC) number of neutrons\\nD) number of valence electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A) atomic number"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement describes the charge and location of an electron in an atom?\\nA) An electron has a positive charge and is located outside the nucleus.\\nB) An electron has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus.\\nC) An electron has a negative charge and is located outside the nucleus.\\nD) An electron has a negative charge and is located in the nucleus."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "C) An electron has a negative charge and is located outside the nucleus."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement describes the charge of an electron and the charge of a proton?\\nA) An electron and a proton both have a charge of +1.\\nB) An electron and a proton both have a charge of -1.\\nC) An electron has a charge of +1, and a proton has a charge of -1.\\nD) An electron has a charge of -1, and a proton has a charge of +1."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "D) An electron has a charge of -1, and a proton has a charge of +1."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which particle has no charge?\\nA) Electron\\nB) Positron\\nC) Neutron\\nD) Proton"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "C) Neutron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following descriptions of a subatomic particle is correct? \\n\\nA) A proton has a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu.\\nB) An electron has a negative charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu.\\nC) A neutron has no charge and its mass is negligible.\\nD) A proton has a positive charge and a negligible mass.\\nE) A neutron has a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A proton has a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following is true about the proton?\\n\\nA) It has a charge of -1 and is in the nucleus of the atom.\\nB) It has a charge of +1 and is in the nucleus of the atom.\\nC) It has a charge of 0 and is in the nucleus of the atom.\\nD) It has a charge of -1 and is not in the nucleus of the atom.\\nE) It has a charge of +1 and is not in the nucleus of the atom."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It has a charge of +1 and is in the nucleus of the atom."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following gives the correct numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of ¹¹⁸Sn₅₀?\\n\\nA) 118 protons, 50 neutrons, 118 electrons\\nB) 118 protons, 118 neutrons, 50 electrons\\nC) 50 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons\\nD) 68 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons\\nE) 50 protons, 50 neutrons, 50 electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "50 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many protons are in an isotope of sodium with a mass number of 25? \\n\\nA) 11\\nB) 14\\nC) 15\\nD) 25\\nE) 36"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "11"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the ionic charge of an ion with 13 protons and 10 electrons? \\n\\nA) 1+\\nB) 2+\\nC) 3+\\nD) 2-\\nE) 3-"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3+"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what determines the characteristics of an element"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the number of protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what makes an atom stable?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A full outer layer of valence electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of these statements about matter is NOT true?\\r\\nDuring chemical changes, matter is destroyed. \\r\\nMatter has mass and takes up space. \\r\\nMatter can be divided into pure substances and mixtures. \\r\\nMatter is made up of atoms."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "During chemical changes, matter is destroyed.."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following CANNOT be classified as matter?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the heat given off by a light bulb"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "If an isotope has an atomic number of 25, which of the following is most likely to be its mass number?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "50"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which particles have almost the same mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "proton and neutron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which item best represents Dalton's mental image of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a marble"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which item best represents Thomson's mental image of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a chocolate-chip cookie"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which type of particle would NOT be deflected by a magnetic field?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "neutron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following properties of iodine-131 make it a good choice as a tracer element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It is absorbed mainly by cells in the thyroid."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following statements about the atom is false?\\r\\nEach atom has a tiny nucleus at its center. \\r\\nAll the protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus. \\r\\nElectrons travel in definite circular pathways around the nucleus. \\r\\nAll atomic nuclei are positively charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electrons travel in definite circular pathways around the nucleus."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the models in Figure 1 shows a neutral lithium atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "model B"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the models in Figure 1 shows a positively charged ion?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "model A"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the models in Figure 1 shows a negatively charged ion?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "model C"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the models in Figure 1 does not represent the element lithium?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "model D"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figure 2 shows two Bohr models of atoms. Which of the following statements describes a difference between these two atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The two models are both isotopes of same element."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figure 3 shows a Bohr model of an atom. Which describes how the model should be changed to make it an ion of the same element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "add or subtract an electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figure 3 shows a Bohr model of an atom. Which of the following describes how you should change the model to show a neutral atom of boron?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "add one proton and one electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figure 4 shows a model of an atom. Who proposed this model of atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Dalton"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figure 5 shows a model of an atom. Which scientists proposed this model for atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Thomson"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figure 6 shows a model of an atom. Which scientist developed this model for atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Rutherford"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figure 6 shows a model of an atom. Which of the following statements best describes how the Bohr model of an atom is different from this one?\\r\\nBohr's model had more electrons around the nucleus. \\r\\nBohr's model shows electrons at certain distances from the nucleus. \\r\\nBohr's model placed the electrons in the nucleus. \\r\\nBohr's model did not distinguish positive and negative charges."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Bohr's model shows electrons at certain distances from the nucleus."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figure 7 shows an entry in the periodic table. What is the atomic mass of this element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "51"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figure 7 shows an entry from the periodic table. How many protons does this element have in the nucleus of one of its atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Figure 7 shows an entry from the periodic table. How many protons does this element have in the nucleus of one of its atoms?"
}
] |