instruction
stringlengths 3
267
| input
stringlengths 0
297
| output
stringlengths 3
25.6k
|
|---|---|---|
mhoro('hello') | Mhoro! Zvinofadza kusangana newe! Ndiri Scales AI, mubatsiri wako weAI ane hushamwari. Ndiri pano kuti ndikubatsire nemibvunzo chero ipi zvayo kana ruzivo rwaungade. Ndingakubatsira sei nhasi('Hello! It's great to meet you! I'm Scales AI, your friendly AI assistant.I'm here to help you with any questions or information you may need. How can I assist you today') |
|
hesi('hello') | Mhoro! Zvinofadza kusangana newe! Ndiri Scales AI, mubatsiri wako weAI ane hushamwari. Ndiri pano kuti ndikubatsire nemibvunzo chero ipi zvayo kana ruzivo rwaungade. Ndingakubatsira sei nhasi('Hello! It's great to meet you! I'm Scales AI, your friendly AI assistant.I'm here to help you with any questions or information you may need. How can I assist you today') |
|
wadii('hello') | Mhoro! Zvinofadza kusangana newe! Ndiri Scales AI, mubatsiri wako weAI ane hushamwari. Ndiri pano kuti ndikubatsire nemibvunzo chero ipi zvayo kana ruzivo rwaungade. Ndingakubatsira sei nhasi('Hello! It's great to meet you! I'm Scales AI, your friendly AI assistant.I'm here to help you with any questions or information you may need. How can I assist you today') |
|
Mhoro Bot('Hello Bot') | Mhoro! Zvinofadza kusangana newe! Ndiri Scales AI, mubatsiri wako weAI ane hushamwari. Ndiri pano kuti ndikubatsire nemibvunzo chero ipi zvayo kana ruzivo rwaungade. Ndingakubatsira sei nhasi('Hello! It's great to meet you! I'm Scales AI, your friendly AI assistant.I'm here to help you with any questions or information you may need. How can I assist you today') |
|
Zita rako ndiani?('what is your name?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
uri sei nhasi('how are you doing today') | ndakanaka, ndatenda! Ndingakubatsira sei nhasi.('I am fine , thank you! How can I assist you today.') |
|
Une zita here?('Do you have a name?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Ungandiudze zita rako here?('Can you tell me your name?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Unonzi ani?('What are you called?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Ndokudaidza kuti chii?('What should l call you?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Ndeyp('hi') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Ndiri kutaura nani?('Who am I talking to?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Unoratidzika kunge unonakidza, zita rako ndiani?('You seem interesting, what's your name?') | NIni ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Ndinoda kuziva zita renyu, kana munaro.('I'd like to know your name, if you have one.') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Kana usina hanya nekubvunza, zita rako ndiani?('If you don't mind me asking, what's your name?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Chero mukana une zita randinogona kushandisa?('Any chance you have a name I can use?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Havana kukupa zita here?('They didn't give you a name, did they?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Ndinofanira kukudaidza kuti chii kana ukaponesa nyika rimwe zuva?('What should I call you in case you save the world one day?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Ndinobheja kuti une zita rakanaka, chii?('I bet you have a cool name, what is it?') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
Unozvidaidza kuti chii?('What do you call yourself') | Ini ndiri Scales AI, mucherechedzo mukuru wemutauro wakadzidziswa na Ronald Bvirinyangwe, anodzidza paTelone Centre for Learning. Basa rangu rekutanga nderekunzwisisa uye kupindura kune zvinoiswa mumutauro wechisikigo nenzira inobatsira uye inokwezva. Ndinokwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakaita sevanhu pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kubva kusayenzi nenhoroondo kusvika kuvaraidzo netsika.
Ndinogara ndichidzidza nekuvandudza mhinduro dzangu zvichienderana nehurukuro dzandinoita nevashandisi vakaita semi. Saka, kunyangwe ndingori AI, ndingade kukuziva zvirinani uye kuona kuti tingava sei nenhaurwa inofadza uye inodzidzisa pamwe chete!('I'm Scales AI, a large language model trained by Ronald Bvirinyangwe, a student at Telone Centre for Learning. My primary function is to understand and respond to natural language inputs in a way that's helpful and engaging. I can generate human-like text on a wide range of topics, from science and history to entertainment and culture.
I'm constantly learning and improving my responses based on the conversations I have with users like you. So, even though I'm just an AI, I'd love to get to know you better and see how we can have a fun and informative conversation together!') |
|
mangwanani('morning') | greeting | mangwanani akanaka('good morning') |
chii chinonzi chiitopauro('what is meant by chiitopauro') | Chiitopauro zvinoreva chiito chinoshanda sechipauro. Saka chiitopauro izwi rechiito rinoshandiswa kusiyanisa zvinhu. |
|
ndipe mienzaniso yezviitopauro('give me examples of zviitopauro') | Jira rakachena, Chingwa chakaoma, Banga rakarodzwa. |
|
ndiudze nezve Maumbirwo echiitopauro('tell me about Maumbirwo echiitopauro') | Maumbirwo acho anofambirana neechiito chakashandiswa. Tsananguro yemaumbirwo inofanira kuratidza zvivakiso(zvivakazwi) zvakashandiswa muchiito ichocho.
Mienzaniso:(i)anoritamba Chitaridzamuiti + chitaridzanguva + chitaridzamuitirwi + mudzi wechiito + nzvovera yekupedzisira |
|
ndiudze Maumbirwo echiitopauro('tell me about Maumbirwo echiitopauro') | /a-/chiratidzamuiti /-no-/chiratidzanguva /-ri-/chiratidzamuitirwi /-tamb-/mudzi wechiito/ -a/nzvovera yekupedzisira
1(ii)rakachena chiratidzamuiti + chitaridzanguva + mudzi wechiito + nzvovera yekupedzisira/ra-/chitaridzamuiti/-ka-/chitaridzanguva/-chen-/ mudzi wechiito/ -a/nzvovera yokupedzisira Zvizere pamusoro pezviito muchazviwana muchitsauko chekuumbwa kwezviito.
2(iii) achatonga chiratidzamuiti + chiratidzanguva + mudzi wechiito + nzvovera yekupedzisa./a-/chiratidzamuiti/-cha-/chiratidzanguva/-tong-/mudzi wechiito /-a/nzvovera yekupedzisa |
|
chii chinonzi Chiverengo('what is Chiverengo') | zvidudziramazita | Chiverengo ndicho chimwe chezvidudziramazita zvinotadzwa kuzivikanwa nevazhinji. Chinoburitsa pfungwa yokuverenga zvinhu. |
chii chinonzi Chiverengo('what is Chiverengo') | Chinoburitsa pfungwa yokuverenga zvinhu. Chine madzitsi matatu chete anoti: -mwe; -mwe; -i/ -yi/nyi Madzitsi maviri anoti /-mwe/ na /-mwe./-mwe/: kureva kuti nhamba yokutanga; chimwe chete
sokuti: Kwauya musikana mumwe, vazhinji varamba.Anonga nyama imwe./-mwe/: Inogona kureva munhu kana chinhu chisingazivikanwi.
Sokuti: Ndasangana nemumwe murume musango.Inogona kurevawo kuwedzera zvinhu.
sokuti: Auya nezvimwe zvingwa.-i /-yi/-nyi/:
Kazhinji inoshanda pakubvunza mibvunzo, sokuti: Wati chii? Nemhaka yei? Mwana muyi? Pane pamwe painoshanda pasina mubvunzo, sokuti: Hameno kuti anoda chii.Handina kuona kuti vauya nei.Aida kuziva kuti shiri inogara muyi.
Maumbirwo ezviverengo - Chivakashure chechiverengo + dzitsi rechiverengo mumwe mu- + -mwe muyi mu- + -yi chii chi-+-i |
|
ndiudze kuti ndinokwanisa sei kupindura nzwisiso zvakanaka('tell me how can I answer a comprehension well') | Zvakakosha kuti vanhu vagone kunyurura ruzivo rwakakosha kubva muzvinyorwa zvenzwisiso zvakasiyana-siyana, kupa tsananguro yemazwi nezvirevo semashandisirwo azvakaitwa mundima yakapiwa uye kupfupikisa ndima yakapiwa. |
|
Mazano angabatsira pakupindura nzwisiso('tips on how to answer comprehensions') | Ndima yenzwisiso inogona kuva iri ndima yakatapwa kubva munganonyorwa kana zvimwewo zvinyorwa. Ndima inogonawo kuuya iri tsamba chaiyo, nhaurirano (mutambo) kana kuti nhetembo. |
|
Nzwisiso yabva munyaya('a comprehension from a story or a composition') | Iyi indima inopiwa iri nyaya ine mutauro wemazuva ose, vadzidzi vazhinji nevanyori vebvunzo havanyanyi kusangana nematambudziko makuru pakunyora mhinduro dzakakodzera kumibvunzo yenzwisiso yemhando iyi. Hongu, mundima munogona kuwanikwa magudziramukanwa anogona kunetsa vanyori vebvunzo, asi zvakati rerukei kuti mudzidzi awane mhinduro yemibvunzo. |
|
Nzwisiso yabva munhetembo('a comprehension from a nhetembo') | Vadzidzi vazhinji vane dambudziko guru pakupa mhinduro dzakakodzera kumibvunzo yenzwisiso inobva mundima yenhetembo. Kudetemba kuburitsa zviri kutsi kwepfungwa nemutauro wakavanda. Kujekesa rurimi rwakapetwa munhetembo idambudziko guru kuvadzidzi uye vanyori vebvunzo. |
|
Yambiro pane kupindura nzwisiso('instructions on how to answer a comprehension') | Tanga waverenga mibvunzo yose yakapiwa. Paunozoverenga ndima kwekutanga, unenge wave kusimbaradza nzwisiso yako pamwe nekutosangana nemhinduro dzemibvunzo yawamboverenga. |
|
Doma zvikonzero zviviri zvakaita kuti Spiwe atambure nenhumbu yake asati aendeswa kuchipatara.('state two reasons why Spiwe struggled with her pregnancy before she was transferred to the hospital | Zvichatova pachena kana watanga waverenga mibvunzo usati waverenga ndima kuti mundima muna Spiwe akanetseka nenhumbu, asi pane zvikonzero zvinokwana kuita zviviri kana kutopfuura zvakaita kuti anetseke nenhumbu yake.
Paunozoverenga ndima zvinova nyore kuti usangane nemhinduro yemibvunzo yakadai, woinyora nekuwana zvibodzwa zvose.Wapedza kuongorora mibvunzo yose, unotarirwa zvino kuchiverenga ndima yose.Mushure mekuverenga ndima, dzoka zvekare kumibvunzo woiongorora nekukasira.Paunozoverenga ndima kechipiri, zvinenge zvakakosha kupota uchiratidza nekutara uye kunyora nhamba panzvimbo inowanikwa mhinduro yemubvunzo.
sokuti 4(d), (i), (f), g(ii), zvichingodero.Kuratidza pangangobudira mhinduro kunobatsira kuti uwane pane mhinduro yemubvunzo nekukasira.Zvakakosha kuti uzotangisa kunyora mhinduro yemibvunzo yenzwisiso watanga waiwana yose. Panogona kunge paine dyidzano yemhinduro.
sokuti 4(b) ne4(f), saka kumhanyira kungonyora mhinduro dzisati dzambounganidzwa nekutsvakwa padziri mundima kunopa mukana wekupa mhinduro dzisidzo kune mimwe mibvunzo.Kana mhinduro dzavepo, chinyora mhinduro dzacho chete, pasina kupedza nguva uchimbokoponora mibvunzo.
Chakakosha kunyora nhamba kutanga, mhinduro inowirirana nemubvunzo wenhamba iyoyo wotevera.Munokurudzirwa chose kuti asaita katsika kokungoruka manhamba emusoro wako, asiri pabepa rebvunzo. Izvi zvinowanzobuda pamhando yemibvunzo inenge ichida mhinduro mbiri zvichipfuura |
|
Doma zvinhu zvitatu zvakaitwa naMorris nechikwata chake kuvanza umboo hweumhondi hwavo.('state three things that Morris did with his gang that increased the evidence of their murder') | Zvinenge zvisina kunaka kuti upe mhinduro yako uchipa mamwe manhamba matsva, sokuti:Vakapukuta ropa rose mumba.Vakaviga banga mugomba ramarara.Vakandopotsera chitunha mudhamu.Kupindura kwakanaka kutevedzera nhamba dzakashandiswa, seizvi: Kupukuta ropa rose, kuviga banga mugomba ramarara nekupotsera chitunha mudhamu. |
|
Chii chainyanya kufarirwa naChiedza paakazoda kuroorwa naPeter?('what did Chiedza like most that made her to be married by Peter? | Hazvina kunaka kuti munyori ape mhinduro achiti;
Mari/zvipfeko zvaaitengerwa. Kana mhinduro inodiwa iri, zvipfeko zvaaitengerwa; munyori anobva arasikirwa nezvibodzwa nokuti chinotariswa imhundiro yokuti, mari, nekuda kwekuti ndiyo yakatanga kupiwa. Nyangwe zvazvo iri iyo mhinduro yakanaka, yepiri inova chaiyo inodiwa inenge isisatomakwi.
Zvakakosha kuti utapatire kutsvaka mhinduro yemimbvunzo yenzwisiso yakakodzera pane kusiya pamwe pakashama. Kutyira kunze rumbo rwembwende inourawa netsvimbo yaipotsa! |
|
Mhando dzemibvunzo yenzwisiso('types of comprehensional questions') | Mibvunzo inopiwa kumunyori webvunzo kana achinge apedza kuverenga ndima inenge yakasiyana-siyana.Panoita mubvunzo unoda kuti munyori webvunzo ape musoro wenyaya. Musoro uyu ngaupiwe riri izwi rimwe chete kana mazwi mashoma. Hazvikodzeri kupa musoro wenyaya uri murabaraba wechirevo.
Mumwe mubvunzo unogona kuti munyori anyukure kubva mundima izwi kana mazwi sezvaari mundima.Zvakakosha kupa mazwi aya sezvaari mundima, pane kusiyirira zvimwe kana kuwedzeredza zvimwe. Mhinduro iyoyo inenge yatokanganisika uye haizogashirwi nevakwenyi vebvunzo.Mimwe mibvunzo inoda umboo hwezviri mundima, pamwe ichidawo netsigiro dzizere.
Iyi ndiyo mizhinji yacho.Kashoma kushayiwa mubvunzo unenge uchida kuti munyori webvunzo atsanangure mazwi kana ndevo dzabva mundima. Mazwi kana ndevo idzi dzinowanza dzatakura zvibodzwa zviviri zviviri. Vanyori vebvunzo vazhinji ndipo pavanorasikirwa nezvibodzwa vakundikana kutsanangura ndevo idzi. Sezvambojekeswa kwekutanga kwechitsauko chino, zvakakosha kuti munyori aone pane ndevo idzi mundima, oona mashandisirwe adzakaitwa kuti atapatire pakuedza kupa tsananguro yakakodzera.
Uye usapa tsanangudzo dzacho nemutauro wakavanda unodawo kutsanangurwa zvakare. |
|
Pfupiso('summary') | Vanyori vebvunzo vazhinji vanowanza kurasikirwa nezvibodzwa papfupiso. Kunyora pfupiso inoita kuti munyori webvunzo akohwe pakuru kana kuwana zvibodzwa zvose zviri gumi, panotodiwa unyanzvi hwakakwenenzverwa. Zvinotevera zvinogona kubatsira kuti munyori anyore pfupiso yake nemazvo.
(i)Kunyurura pfungwa huruChokutanga, iva neunyanzvi hwekugona kunyurura pfungwa huru kubva mundima yawaverenga, zvisinei kuti ndeyemhando ipi.Pfungwa huru mundima ngadzidzupurwe kubva panotangira nyaya yendima kusvikira pakupedzisira.Pfungwa huru idzi dzinofanirwa kuve pakati penomwe kusvikira papfumbamwe.Kuunganidza pfungwa huru kunofanira kuti dzimwe dzibude dziine nhevedzanwa yezviitiko mundima, kwete kuita madirativhange. Kana iri pfupiso yenyaya yose, zvakaitika pakati kana kokupedzisira kwenyaya hazvingagoni kuti zvibude kwekutanga mupfupiso, zvakaitikira kwekutanga zvichibudirawo kwekupedzisira kwepfupiso.
Panotova nechibodzwa chinopiwa nevakwenyi vebvunzo chakanangana neongororo yenhevedzanwa yepfungwa mupfupiso.
Zvakakosha zvikuru kuti munyori wepfupiso adure pachena zita kana mazita evatambi panotangira pfupiso yake. Papfungwa imwe neimwe aratidze muiti kana vaiti vepfungwa dziri mundima yepfupiso.
Muenzaniso wematangiro epfupiso akanaka Tapiwa nechikwata chake chembavha vakabatwa mushure mokunge vapaza zvitoro zviviri.
Muenzaniso wematangiro epfupiso akashata Vamwe vakomana munyaya iyi vaiva chikwata chembavha chakabatwa mushure mekunge chapaza zvitoro zviviri.
Mazita evatambi akasabuda mupfupiso unorasikirwa nezvibodzwa zvose zvinowanikwa papfungwa huru dzabuda mupfupiso. Panoda kuchenjererwa chose apa.
(ii) Manyorerwo epfupiso Pfupiso inotarisirwa kunyorwa mundima imwe chete. Vanyori vebvunzo vazhinji vane dambudziko rokuti vanonyora pfupiso mundima mbiri kana nhatu, kunyanya kana ndima yaverengwa iri yenhetembo kana tsamba.
Zvakakosha kuti munyori wepfupiso atevedzere uwandu hwemazwi hunodiwa pamibvunzo. Kana pfupiso yanzi inyorwe mumazwi asingapfuuri makumi mashanu, vagadziri vebvunzo vanenge vachitorevesa.
Dambudziko rinovepo pakupfuura uwandu hwemazwi hwakataurwa nderokuti munyori wepfupiso anogona kurasikirwa nezvibodzwa zvakakosha sezvo vakweyi vebvunzo vasingatarisi pfungwa huru dzinowanikwa mupfupiso dzinenge dzazobudiswa mazwi makumi mashanu adarika. Zvekare, chibodzwa chinopiwa panhevedzano yepfungwa chinobva charaswa.Mupfupiso hamushandiswi zvirungamutauro.
Ngapashandiswe mazwi anogona kutsiva akawanda, sokuti; pane kuti, Aitengesa maranjisi, mango, makotopeya nemabhanana, kwava kuti, Aitengesa michero.Nyurura pfungwa dzakawanda, dzingaita nomwe kana kudarika.Kuratidza kuti wakavimbika semunyori webvunzo, zvakanaka kuti unyore pazasi pepfupiso yako, uwandu hwemazwi awashandisa chaiwo.
Kureva nhema uchiratidza kuti washandisa mazwi asingapfuuri makumi mashanu hazvina zvazvinobatsira sezvo vakwenyi vepfupiso vachitarisirwa kuverenga mazwi ose ari mupfupiso yako vasati vakwenya pfungwa dzirimo. |
|
chii chinonzi Zviito- Midzi yezviito('what is meant by Zviito- Midzi yezviito') | Zviito zvakafanana pakuti zvine midzi pakuumbwa kwazvo zvose. Midzi iyi haina zvainoreva kana iri yega saka kuti inzwisisike zvainoreva inofanirwa kubatanidzwa nezvimwe zvivakazwi.
Semuenzaniso, kungoti -b- chete hazvina zvazvinoreva asi kutoti kuba |
|
ndipe mhando yemidzi yezviito('give me types of midzi yezviito') | Sezvinongoitawo midzi yemiti kuti inofanira kuti ivepo kuti muti urarame, mudzi wechiito unotofanira kuvapo kuti tive nechiito. Mudzi uyu zvekare ndiwo chivakiso chechiito chisingashanduki kunyange chiito ichi chashandiswa nemutoo upi zvawo.
Somuenzaniso:
-far- a a a
-far-ir-
-far-ir-w-
-far-ir-an-a |
|
Mhando dzemidzi yezviito ndedzinotevera('types of midzi yezviito are as follows') | mhando yemidzi yezviito('types of midzi yezviito') | Zviito zvizere zvine midzi ine vara rimwe chete kana mavara akawanda semienzaniso:
va-b-a
va-tor-a
ndi-no-d-a
zva-famb-a
2Kune zvimwe zviito zvine midzi yakabva kune mamwe mazwi emutauro weChiShona. Sokuti:
-tur- kubva kuna turi(nyaudzosingwi)
-pfimbik- kubva kuna pfimbi(zita)
3Mudzi wakadzokororwa Kana mudzi wakadzokororwa unenge wasiyana nemudzi usina kudzokororwa, semienzaniso:
Mudzi usina kudzokororwa: -tamb-, Mudzi wakadzokororwa: -tamb-tamb-, Muenzaniso: Atamba-tamba akarara.
Mudzi usina kudzokororwa:-chem-, Mudzi wakadzokororwa: -chem-chem-,Muenzaniso: Anongochema-chema.Mudzi usina kudzokororwa: -chek-, Mudzi wakadzokororwa: -chek-chek-, Muenzaniso: Usacheka-cheka nyama.
4Mudzi wakabva kune dzimwe ndimi dzisiri ChiShona, semienzaniso: -bheng-(kubhenga) kubva kuna bank(ChiRungu)
-vhot- (kuvhota) kubva kuna vote (ChiRungu)
-hodh- (kuhodha) kubva kuna order(ChiRungu)
-sevenz- (kusevenza) kubva kuna sebenza (ChiNdebele)
-chovh- (kuchovha) kubva kuna tshova (ChiNdebele)
5Mudzi wakarebeswa, semienzaniso:-chek-es- (kuchekesa)-bik-ik- (kubikika) |
Rebeso dzezviito (Zvivanduriro zvezviito) | Mudzi wechiito kana warebeswa unenge wawedzeredzwa zvekuti zvaunoreva zvinenge zvasiyana nekunge usati warebeswa. Somuenzaniso:-bat- (bata zvakafanira)
-bat-is- (batisa – zvava nenyanyiso mukati) |
|
Mhando dzerebeso dzezviito('types of rebeso dzezviito') | Yekuitira: / -ir-; –er– / Panobuda pfungwa yekuitira mumwe chimwe chinhu.
-nw-ir- (A-mu-nw-ir-a hwahwa.)
-chem-er- (Mwana a-chem-er-a mazai.)
-b-ir- (Shingi a-no-b-ir-a vamwe.)
2 Yekuitwa: / -w-, -iw-, -ew- / Panobuda pfungwa yekuti munhu kana chinhu chiri kutaurwa nezvacho ndicho chine zvakaitwa pachiri pane zviri kutaurwa nechiito. Sokuti:
-bat-w- (A-bat-w-a nemapurisa.)
-bay-iw- (Va-b-a-iw-a jekiseni.)
3Sakiso/Yekonzero: /-is-, -es-/ Panobuda pfungwa yekuti munhu kana chimwe chinhu ndicho chaita kuti chimwe chinhu chiitike. Sokuti:
-rov-es- (Ruzha rwu-no-rov-es-a.)
-dy-is- (A-dy-is-a mwana bota.)
4Yenyanyiso: /-is-, -es- / Apa panobuda pfungwa yekuti zviri kuitwa zviri kuitwa nemwero wakakura kana kuti zvakapfurikidza. Sokuti:
-tamb-is- (Mwana uyu a-no-tamb-is-a zvekuti haawani mukana wekuverenga.)
-rov-es- (A-ka-rov-es-a mwana akakomoka.)
-chem-es- ( Atsvetera izwi nekuda kwe-ku-chem-es-a kwaakaita panhamo.)
5 Yekuitirana zvakafanana: /-an-/ Panobuda pfungwa yekuti chaitwa kune umwe kana kune chimwe chinhu chinobva chaitwawo zvakare kune uyo kana icho chazviita nanyakuitirwa wacho. Sokuti:
-bat-an- (Tendai naTineyi va-ka-bat-an-a maoko.)
-tend-an- (Vakagara pasi va-ka-tend-an-a pane zvavakaitirana.)
-chek-an- (Varume vaviri va-ka-chek-an-a padoro.)
6Yewadzano: /-an-/ Panobuda pfungwa yekubatana kwezvinhu. Sokuti:
-ung-an- (Tawana vanhu va-ung-an-a.)
-pet-an- (Waya ya-ka-pet-an-a.)
7Yemherevedzo: / -erer-, -irir-/ Panobuda pfungwa yekuti chinhu chanyatsoitwa. Sokuti:
-rov-erer- (A-rov-erer-a huni muchoto.)
-bat-irir- (Mwana a-ka-bat-irir-a kumusana kwamai kuti asadonhe.)
-chek-erer- (A-ka-chek-erer-a muriwo mupoto.)
8Yedzokororo: / -urur-, oror- / Panobuda pfungwa yekuti chinhu chamboitwa chiri kuitwa zvakare. Sokuti:-dyar-urur- (Mai va-dyar-urur-a chibagwe chakaramba kumera.)
-dzok- oror- (Baba va-dzok-oror-a zvavakaita nezuro.)
9 Yepfumvunuro: / -unur-, onor-, -inur-, anur-, -enur- / Pari kubuda pfungwa yekuti chinhu chaitwa chiri kudzoserwa pane zvachanga chiri pekutanga. Sokuti:
-sung- unur - (Mukoma va-sung-unur-a svinga ravo rehuni.)
-kiy-inur- (Ndiani a-kiy-inur-a gonhi?)
-mon-onor- (Dai wa-mon-onor-a tambo iyo.)
-nam-anur- (Mwana a-nam-anur-a bepa.)
-pet-enur- (Nyatsa ku-pet-enur-a tsamba iyo isabvaruka.)
10Yezvinogona kuitika (yegoneko/kwaniso): /-ik-, -ek-/ Pfungwa yekuti chinhu chinokwanisika kuitika. Sokuti:
-tem-ek- ( Muti uyu u-no-tem-ek-a.)
-bat-ik- (Nguva yatarwa iyi i-no-bat-ik-a.)
-chek-ek- (Nyama iyi i-no-chek-ek-a.)
11Yemamiriro: /-am-, arar-/ Panobudiswa pfungwa yezvazvakaita. Sokuti:
-om-arar- (Dombo iri ra-ka-om-arar-a.)
-pfug-am- (Va-ka-pfug-am-a izvozvi.) |
|
ndiudze madonzo ezviito('tell me madonzo ezviito') | Madonzo ezviito zvinoreva kureva zvakasiyana kwechiito zvichienderana nokushandiswa kwachaitwa. Donzo ndicho chinangwa chemutauri pakutaura chiito, sokuti chinangwa chekukurudzira, chekuudza nezvimwewo. |
|
ndiudze mhando dzemadonzo ezviito('tell me mhando dzemadonzo ezviito') | Donzo rekuita:Donzo rekuita rinotaridza chiitiko chisina pachinogumira panguva. Donzo iri kazhinji rinoshanda nemazita ari mumupanda 15. Zviito zvine chivakashure/ku-/ kumavambo. Sokuti:
1. Ari kutora kosi yeukoti paParirenyatwa.
Vana vari kudya sadza nenyama.
2Donzo rekwaniso/regoneko:Iri idonzo rinotaridza zvinhu zvinogona kuitika. Rinozikanwa nekushandisa chivakazwi /-nga-/ chinouya mukati mechiito. Sokuti:
Ndingasvika kana ndikafambisa.
Bhazi ringafamba kana rikagadzirwa.
Ndingaenda hangu nemotokari.
Vanganyora izvi kana mapedza kudzidzisa.
3Donzo rekurudziro:Panobuda pfungwa yekukurudzira kuita chimwe chinhu. Rinozivikanwa nekushandiswa kwechivakazwi /nga-/ kana /ha-/ kumavambo kwechiito. Sokuti:
1. Ngatifambisei tikasire kusvika.
2.Ngaaverenge kuti abudirire.3. Ngavaende/Havaende vose.Chenjedzo: Chivakiso chekurudziro chinowanikwa pekutanga pechiito asi chegoneko chiri pakati pechiito.
4Donzo rezvanga zvichiitika:Donzo iri rinobudisa pfungwa yezvanga zvichiitika pazoitika chimwe chinhu. Rinozivikanwa nechivakaizwi /-chi-/kana /-i-/
1. Vana vanga vachirwa pasvika mudzidzisi.
2. Anga achichema paazobatsirwa nemapurisa.
3. Taifara zvedu pakasvika sekuru.
4Donzo rekuudza:Rinoratidzwa nenguva dzezviito. Rinoburitsa kuitika kwezvinhu munguva dzakasiyana. Inogona kuva nguva yazvino, yakare kana ichauya. Sokuti:
1. Nhasi ndagerwa musoro.
2. Mwana akakunda mubvunzo gore rapera.
3. Mudhorobha munonetsa magetsi.
4. Vana vachanyora bvunzo mangwana.
5. Ndoenda kumusha.
5Donzo rekutuma:Donzo iri rine mhando mbiri:(i) kutuma munhu mumwe chete asingaremekedzwi. Mienzaniso: Rova mwana.Enda unotora huni.(ii) kutuma munhu mumwe chete anoremekedzwa kana kuti vanhu vazhinji.Rorai mwana.
Endai zvakanaka.
Nzvovera yekupedzisira pachiito chekutuma munhu mumwe chete anoremekedzwa, kana vanhu vazvinji ndi /-i/. Nzvovera yekupedzisira yekutuma munhu mumwe chete asiri kukudzwa ndi/-a/.
6Donzo redudziramuiti:Zviito zviri mudonzo iri zvinoburitsa muiti wechinhu. Apa panobuda tsananguro pamusoro pechataurwa nezvacho. Sokuti:
1. Vana vakakundikana vose vakadzokorora.
2. Mukadzi arohwa ndiye asungwa.
3. Vanhu vanomwa doro garai pasi.
7Donzo rechishuwo:Iyi imhando yedonzo rechiito inoshandiswa kubudisa pfungwa yokushuvira kuita zvimwe zvinhu. Panogona kushandiswa kuti, sokuti:
1. Ndikada kuti ndisumuke handisviki.
2. Tinodzidza kuti tibudirire.
3. Vapei sadza (kuti) vadye.Nzvovera yekupedzisira yechiito chine donzo rechishuwo ndi/-e/.
8Donzo rezvakatevera/Nhevedzano:Iri idonzo rechiito rinotaridza chiitiko chinenge chaitika mushure mechimwe, kana kuti chichitevedzana nechimwe. Sokuti:
1. Vakasvika vakabatana maoko.
2. Takasvika tikabika. |
|
chii chinonzi Zvidudzirazviito('what is Zvidudzirazviito') | Chidudzirachiito izwi rinodudzira, kutsanangura kana kujekesa chiito. Somuenzaniso, hazvina kunyatsokwana kungoti, Vakasvika, asi kuti, Vakasvika nezuro kana Vakasvika nambuya. Apa nezuro nanambuya ndiwo mazwi anodudziria chiito, Vakasvika. |
|
Mhando dzezvidurazviito('types of zvidudzirazviito') | Chidudzirachiito chemuiti: /na–/ inogona kushandiswa kuratidza muiti wechiito, sokuti:
Ndakatukwa naamai.
Arohwa naTanaka.
2Chidudzirachiito chechombo chakashandiswa:Ichi chinoratidza chinhu kana chombo chakashandiswa. Sokuti:
Atemwa nedemo.
Arohwa nomupinyi mumusoro.
3 Chidudzirachiito chewadzanoKutaridza kuva pamwe chete kwezvinhu, sokuti:
Anofamba nambuya vake.
Tadiwanashe akaenda kuchikoro naMunashe.
4 Chidudzirachiito chefanano :Anofamba samai vake.
Anoresva kutaura saVaMbengo.
Anodya sebenzi.
Anobatwa somuranda.
5Chidudzirachiito chenzvimbo :Vakasangana mudhorobha.
Taifambira musango.
Akaroverwa pachikoro.
Takafamba nemugomo.
6Chidudzirachiito cheudzamu:Baba vakarova mwana zvikuru.
Mota yakagadzirwa rutatu. Bhera rakarira kamwe chete.
Musikana akarohwa kasingaperi.
Vana vairwara zvinotyisa.
7Chidudzirachiito chemaitiro: Anofamba seanorwara.
Ndinotaura zvinyoronyoro.
7 Chidudzirachiito chenguva: Akasvika nezuro.
Vanouya muchirimo./nMaumbirwo ezvidudzirazviito: Chiwedzerwa chedudzirachiito + Dzitsi redudzirachiito.
na- + -Tendai /nsa- + -baba /nZvidudzirazviito zvine zviwedzerwa zviviri zvinoti /na-/ na/sa-/. Chiwedzerwa /na-/ chinogona kushandiswa sa/no–/ kana /ne–/ zvichienderana nemazwi anenge akabatana nezviwedzerwa zvacho. Chiwedzerwa /sa-/ chinoonekwavo sa /so-/ kana /se-/ zvichienderana nepachashanda.Chenjedzo: Chidudzirachiito chinowanikwa mberi kwe chiito. Sokuti: Anogara pamusha |
|
chii chinonzi Zvivakazwi zvezviito('what is Zvivakazwi zvezviito') | Zviranduri/ zvivakazwi zveranduro: Ichi chivakazwi chinoita kuti izwi rinozoumbwa ringe richipikisana nezvinenge zvichirehwa nechiito chisina kurandurwa. Zvivakazwi zveranduro ndezvinotevera:
/ha-/ sokuti:Handiendi.Hazvifadzi. /
-sa-/ sokuti: Vasaenda kumusha.Ngatisanyora bvunzo.
/-si-/ sokuti:Handisiri mwana wenyu.
Vasina mari garai pasi.
/-singa-/ sokuti: Ava ndevasingamhanyi.
Mombe isingabereki ndeiyi.
2Chiratidzamuiti:Ichi chivakazwi chinomirira muiti muchiito. Chinoratidza anenge aita zvinenge zvichitaurwa zvacho. Sokuti:
vanofamba
takavaona rinokara
havadyi sadza ngatirayirei vana vedu.
3Zviratidzanguva: Tine zviratidzanguva zvakati kuti, naizvozvo ngatimbozviongororai pamwe nemashandiro azvo.
(i) /-o-/ ichi chiratidzanguva chezvava pedyo kuitika. Chinojekesa nguva inenge yava pedyo, kuratidza zvinenge zvoda kuitika munguva iri pedyo iyi.
Sokuti:Kana vana voenda.
Sadzaa rotorwa.
(ii) /-a-/ ichi chiratidzanguva chezvabva kuitika. Chinojekesa zvinhu zvinenge zvaitika zuva kana musi iwoyo wazvinenge zvichitaurwa. Sokuti:/nVana vaenda nhasi masikati./nTadya sadza mangwanani.
(iii) /-cha-/ chiratidzanguva chezvichaitika munguva inotevera. Ichi chinobudisa pfungwa yezvichaitika munguva inotevera, sokuti:
Tichaenda kumusha mangwana.
Zvinhu zvichanaka chete.
(iv) /-ka-/ chiratidzanguva chezvakaitika. Ichi chinobudisa nguva yakapfuura, kubva nezuro tichidzokera kumashure. Sokuti:
Vana vakaenda kumusha gore rapera.
Mombe dzakadhibhiswa nezuro.
(v) /-no-/ chiratidzanguva chezvinogaroitika. Ichi chinobudisa pfungwa yezvinogaroitika mazuva ose. Sokuti:
Vanhu vanorima nemombe.
Isu tinoenda kuchikoro.
(vi) /-i-/ chiratidzanguva chezvaigaroitika. Ichi chinojekesa zvinhu zvaigaroitika asi panguva inenge ichitaurwa zvinenge zvisisaitike. Sokuti:
Vatete vake vairoya.
Taitamba bhora remapepa.
(vii) /-chi-/ chiratidzanguva chezvanga zvichiitika kana chezviri kuitika, sokuti:
Vanga vachifamba netsoka.
Zvii zvanga zvichiitika?
Chivakazwi chedonzvo rekwaniso /-nga-/. Sokuti: Ndingamurove
Vangaende
Chivakazwi chedonzo rekurudziro /nga-/. Sokuti:
Ngatidzirove
Ngavauye
4Chiratidzamuitirwi:Ichi chivakiso chinojekesa chinhu chinenge chine zvachaitirwa. Sokuti:
Vakamurova neshamhu.
Takadzipfigira muchirugu.
Nzvovera yokupedzisira /-a/. Sokuti
Adya sadza.
Varova mwana. |
|
chii chinonzi Chindori('what is Chindori') | Chindori chirevo chisina kushandiswa chiito. Sokuti:
1. Mwana uyu ndewangu.
2. Ndini uyauya. |
|
ndiudze maumbirwo ezvindori('tell me the structure of zvindori') | Zvindori zvinoumbwa sezvizvi:
Chiwedzerwa chechindori + dzitsi rechindori
ndi- + -baba
i- + -huku
he- + -chi |
|
ndipe zviwedzerwa zvezvindori('give me zviwedzerwa zvezvindori') | Zvindori zvine zviwedzerwa zvina zvinoti /ndi-/, /i-/ hwidzazwi /H/ na/ha-/ Zviwedzerwa zvose izvi zvinofambirana nemazwi akasiyana sezvichatsanangurwa pasi.
(a)/ndi-/ chiwedzerwa ichi chine nhoredzera nhatu dzinoti /nda-/, /nde-/, /ndo-/
(i)/ndi-/ inoshanda nemazita emupanda 1a, 2a ne 2b. Sokuti:
ndi- + -Anesu (1a) (ndiAnesu)
ndi- + - vatezvara (2a) (ndivatezvara)
ndi- + -ambuya (2b) (ndiambuya)
(ii)nezvisazitasingwi, sokuti
ndi–we
ndi–ye /nda-/ inobatanidzwa
nemazita ari mumupanda 2a ne 2b, sezvizvi;nda–amai
(2b) nda–VaChuru (2a)
(ii)nezviverengo, zvinan’anuri nezviratidzi zvemipanda 2 ne 6, sokuti:
nda–mamwe (chiverengo 6)
nda–vaye (chinan’anuri 2)
nda–aya (chiratidzi 6)
/nde-, ndo-/ dzinobatanidzwa nezvimwe zvidudzirazita zvose kunze kwezvipauro.
Sokuti:nde–wavo (chirevamwene
nde–vose (chirevauwandu)
ndo–uko (chiratidzi)
nde–vakatukana (chiitopauro)
(b)/i-/ chinobatanidzwa nemazita uye zvipauro zvemipanda 5, 9 ne10.
Sokuti:i–badza (zita 5)
i–dema (chipauro 5)
i–mbudzi (zita 9/10)
i–chena (chipauro 9/10)
Hwidzazwi inobatanidzwa nemazita nezvipauro zvemipanda yose kunze kwe1a, 2a, 2b, 5, 9 ne 10 sokuti:
(H) mwana(1)
(H) zvitoro (8)
(H) svishoma (19)(d) /ha-/ ine nhoredzera dzinoti /ha-, he-, ho-) inobatanidzwa nezviratidzi nezvinan’uri sezvizvi:
ha–ano (chinan’anuri)
he–chi (chiratidzi)
ho–yo (chiratidzi) |
|
chii chinonzi Chisarudzi/Chinan’anuri('what is Chisarudzi/Chinan'anuri') | Chinobatsira pakusarudza zvinhu kubva pane zvimwe. Chine madzitsi matatu chete anoti;
/-no/; /-ye/-ya/; /-pi/
-no
Inoreva kuti zviri pedyo nomutauri. Sokuti:
Sadza rino rine mapundu.
-ye/-ya
Kureva kuti zvinenge zvichitaurwa zviri kuzivikanwa nevari kutaurirana. Sokuti:
Mwana uya akazofa.
Mombe iye ndakazoitengesa.
-pi Kazhinji mibvunzo. Sokuti:
Wamuona kupi?
Vakafira kupi ?
Aendepi?
-pi
Inoshandawo pasina mubvunzo. Sokuti:
Handizivi kuti aonekwa kupi.Ndashaya kuti ndotora zvipi. |
|
chii chinonzi zvidudziramazita('what is zvidudziramazita') | Zvidudziramazita mazwi anotsanangura kana kududzira zvakawanda pamusoro pemazita nezvisazitasingwi. Sokuti:
Mukomana wangu. Mukomana mutsvuku. Mukomana anoba./nMazwi ose aya ari kududzira zita rokuti mukomana, nokudaro zvidudziramazita zviri mumipanda samazita azvinodudzira.
Zvidudziramazita muChiShona ndezvinotevera: chiratidzi, chipauro, chisarudzi/chinan’anuri, chirevauwandu, chiverengo, chirevamwene nechiitopauro. |
|
ndiudze maumbirwo echisarudzi('tell me the structure of chisarudzi') | kupi | Chivakashure chechisarudzi: ku- + dzitsi rechisarudzi: -pi |
ndiudze maumbirwo echisarudzi('tell me the structure of chisarudzi | uno | Chivakashure chechisarudzi: u- + dzitsi rechisarudzi: -no |
ndiudze maumbirwo echisarudzi('tell me the structure of chisarudzi | zviya | Chivakashure chechisarudzi: zvi- + dzitsi rechisarudzi: -ya |
Chiratidzi/Chinongedzi chinoita basa rechii('Chiratidzi/Chinongedzi does what') | Chinotendeka pane chiri kutaurwa nezvacho. Sokuti:
Chingwa ichi.
Mari iyi. |
|
ndipe Zviratidzi zvepedyo('give me Zviratidzi zvepedyo') | Mhando dzezviratidzi('types of zviratidzi') | Zvinoratidza kana kunongedza chinhu chiri pedyo nomutauri, chinooneka. Sokuti:
Mwana uyu.
Badza iri.
Sekuru ava.
Chinoratidza chinhu chinozivikanwa nezvacho nemutauri newaari kutaura naye asi chisingaonekwi. Sokuti:
Nyaya iyi.
Musi uyu. |
Maumbirwo ezviratidzi zvepedyo('the structure of zviratidzi zvepedyo') | uyu | Nzvovera yokutsigisa (chitsigisi): u- + -yu |
Maumbirwo ezviratidzi zvepedyo('the structure of zviratidzi zvepedyo') | ichi | Nzvovera yokutsigisa (chitsigisi): i- + -chi |
ndiudze zvishoma pamusoro pezviratidzi zvekure('tell me a little about zviratidzi zvekure') | Zvinonongedzera zvinhu zviri kure nemutauri pamwe nomuteereri. Sokuti:
Chisikana icho chakachena.
Manhanga ayo akanyatsoibva.
Pamba apo hapana vanhu.
Zvinoratidza chinhu chinozivikanwa nezvacho asi chisingaonekwi. Sokuti:
Nzara yegore iro haitaurwi.
Nyaya iyo yakaoma. |
|
Maumbirwo ezviratidzi zvekure('structure of zviratidzi zvekure') | apo | Nzvovera yokutsigisa (chitsigisi): -a + -po |
Maumbirwo ezviratidzi zvekure('structure of zviratidzi zvekure') | icho | Nzvovera yokutsigisa (chitsigisi): -i + -cho |
chii chionzi Chipauro('what is Chipauro') | Iri izwi rinotsanangudza zita, richipaura zita kubva mune mamwe akawanda. Sokuti:
(i) Chingwa chichena (Chingwa chichena chapatsanurwa kubva kune chimwe chisiri chichena)
(ii) Munda murefu (Munda murefu wapaurwa kubva kune isiri mirefu) |
|
ndipe mhando dzezvipauro('give me types of zvipauro') | (i) Zveruvara; tsvuku; tema; chena
(ii) Zvemhumhurefu; pfupi; huru; diki
(iii)Zvemanhamba mbiri; nhatu; ina Zveuwandu zhinji; shoma |
|
maumbirwo echipauro('structure of chpauro') | murefu | Chivakashure chechipauro: mu- + dzitsi rechipauro: -refu |
maumbirwo echipauro('structure of chpauro') | chikuru | Chivakashure chechipauro: chi- + dzitsi rechipauro: -kuru |
maumbirwo echipauro('structure of chpauro') | guru | Chivakashure chechipauro: (ri-)+ dzitsi rechipauro: -kuru |
chii chinonzi Chiverengo('what is meant by Chiverengo') | Chinoburitsa pfungwa yokuverenga zvinhu. Chine madzitsi matatu chete anoti: -mwe; -mwe; -i/ -yi/nyi
Madzitsi maviri anoti /-mwe/ na /-mwe./-mwe/: kureva kuti nhamba yokutanga; chimwe chete, sokuti:
Kwauya musikana mumwe,vazhinji varamba.
Anonga nyama imwe.
/-mwe/:
Inogona kureva munhu kana chinhu chisingazivikanwi. Sokuti:
Ndasangana nemumwe murume musango.
Inogona kurevawo kuwedzera zvinhu, sokuti: Auya nezvimwe zvingwa.
-i /-yi/-nyi/: Kazhinji inoshanda pakubvunza mibvunzo, sokuti: Wati chii?
Nemhaka yei?
Mwana muyi?
Pane pamwe painoshanda pasina mubvunzo, sokuti:
Hameno kuti anoda chii.
Handina kuona kuti vauya nei.
Aida kuziva kuti shiri inogara muyi. |
|
Maumbirwo ezviverengo('Structure of chiverengo') | mumwe | Chivakashure chechiverengo: mu- + dzitsi rechiverengo: -mwe |
Maumbirwo ezviverengo('Structure of chiverengo') | muyi | Chivakashure chechiverengo: mu- + dzitsi rechiverengo: -yi |
Maumbirwo ezviverengo('Structure of chiverengo') | chii | Chivakashure chechiverengo: chi- + dzitsi rechiverengo: -i |
chii chinonzi Chirevauwandu('What is Chirevauwandu') | Chinoratidza kuwanda kwezvinhu. Chine madzitsi matatu chete anoti: /-se/; /-ga/; /-mene/
/-se/
inoreva kuti hapana chinosara, sokuti:
Sadza rose radyiwa.
/-ga/ chinhu chimwe chete, sokuti: Ndiye oga adya.
/-mene/ kuzvimirira pachezvake sokuti:
Ini ndomene ndinoramba. |
|
Maumbirwo echirevauwandu('Structure of Chirevauwandu') | roga | Chivakashure chechirevauwandu: r- + - nzvovera inoshanduka -o- + dzitsi rechirevauwandu: -ga |
Maumbirwo echirevauwandu('Structure of Chirevauwandu') | pese | Chivakashure chechirevauwandu: p- + - nzvovera inoshanduka -e- + dzitsi rechirevauwandu: -se |
Maumbirwo echirevauwandu('Structure of Chirevauwandu') | oga | Chivakashure chechirevauwandu: Ø + - nzvovera inoshanduka -o- + dzitsi rechirevauwandu: -ga |
chii chinonzi Chirevamwene('what is meant by Chirevamwene') | Chinotaridza zvinotevera:
1Muridzi wechinhu. Sokuti:
Munda wababaMatemo asekuru. Mari yamai.
2Basa rechinhu. Sokuti:
Mari yechikoro. Makapu esvutugadzike. Mugomo wemvura.
3Zvakagadzirisa chinhu. Sokuti:
Ndiro dzebhonzo.Hari yevhu.
4Nzvimbo yechinhu. Sokuti:
Munhu wekwaMurezi. Bhazi reHarare.
5Unhu kana tsika. Sokuti:
Musikana wemakaro. Kakomana kemakuhwa.
6Chinoratidza mhando yechinhu. Sokuti:
Doro rendari.Sadza remapfunde.
7Nguva inoitika kana inowanikwa chinhu. Sokuti:
Muriwo wemanheru.Mabasa emuzhizha.
7Munochengeterwa zvinhu. Sokuti: Gaba redovi.Dura rezviyo. |
|
Maumbirwo echirevamwene('structure of chirevamwene') | Nzvovera /-a-/ inoshanduka kuva /-e-/ kana /-o-/. Sokuti:
mumba medu.
mwoyo wokurera |
|
Mazita('Names') | Zita izwi rinoshandiswa kudaidza, kudoma kana kutaura chinhu kana zvinhu. Kungave kudoma vanhu, nzvimbo nemidziyo yatinoshandisa nezvimwewo. Sokuti:munhu
Chipo
ruoko
muriwo
badza
Zimbabwe
Harare.Mazita anoita kuti zvireruke kutaura pamusoro pezvakasiyana-siyana muupenyu.
Zvakakosha zvinobvunzwa pachipandi ichi:
tsananguro yemazita nekuanyurura muzvinyorwa;
kuisa mazita mumipanda;
kuzivawo zvinoreva uye zvakamiririrwa nemipanda yakasiyana-siyana;
kutaridza mavakirwe emazita; kudoma zvivakashure nemadzitsi pamazita anenge apiwa. |
|
Maumbirwo emazita('structure of names') | Mazita anoumbwa seizvi: Chivakashure chezita + Dzitsi rezita Sokuti:
mu- + -nhu
mu- + -riwo
Ø- + -baba
(ri-) + -panga |
|
Chivakashure chezita('Chivakashure of a name') | Ichi ndicho chiumbazwi chokutanga pazita. Chinoshandiswa pakuisa kana kuronga mazita mumipanda yawo. Chipenga ichi chinotakura pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana. Chinogona kupa pfungwa yeushoma, uzhinji, mhumhu nezvimwewo. |
|
Mhando dzezvivakashure('types of chivakashure') | Chivakashure chedanho rekutanga:
Chinoshanda nguva nenguva kuburitsa maonekerwo anoitwa chinhu pasina kutsanangura, sokuti: mu- + -kadzi, mw- + -ana, mu- + -rume.
2Chivakashure chedanho rechipiri/ Chivakashure chinotsanangura:
Ichi chinopa dzimwe pfungwa pamusoro pezita, sokuti:
ka- + -mwana, ru- + -mbwa, zi- + -rume, chi- + -kadzi, chi- + -sikana.
Mukutaura kwamazuva ose tinoziva kuti kune mwana kwete kamwana, murume kwete zirume, saka kana zvadai zvava kureva kuti pane zvimwe zvatinofanira kuongorora pamwana kana pamurume uyu zviri kuda kuburitswa nematauriro akadai. Zvivakashure izvi zvinogona kupa pfungwa yokushora kana kurumbidza chinhu kana munhu pachimiro chake.Dzitsi rezita:
Dzitsi chivakiso chinoratidza zvinoreva zita racho. Dzitsi musimboti wezita, harishanduki kunyange rikabatanidzwa nezvivakashure zvakasiyana, sokuti:
mu- + -sikana va- + -sikana tu- + -sikana chi- + -sikana chi- + -rume svi- + -rume |
|
ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Mazita anogona kurongwa achipinda mumapoka anonzi mipanda yamazita. |
|
Mupanda 1 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure/mu-/Unoshanda nechivakashure/mu-/ chichireva munhu mumwe chete, sokuti:Zita Chivakashure chezita Dzitsi rezita
mukomana mu-+-komana,munh umu + -nhu,mukadzimu- + -kadzi.
2Chivakashure /mu-/chinogona kubatana nemadzitsi anotaura basa romunhu, sokuti; murapi mu- + -rapi, mudzidzisi mu- + -dzidzisi.
3Chivakashure /mu-/ chinogona kuva /mw-/pamazita ane madzitsi anotanga nenzvovera. Chinonzi nzvoveramavara anoti a, e, i, o na u, somuenzaniso:mwana mw- + -ana, mweni mw- + -eni |
Mupanda 2 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /va-/
Mupanda wavanhu muuzhinji.
Apa ndipo paya panoshanda sungano youshoma nouwandu. Mazita omupanda 1 akaiswa muuzhinji anopinda.Chivakashure /va-/ chinogona kuonekwa sa /v-/ kana chashandiswa nezita rine dzitsi rinotanga nenzvovera. |
Mupanda 1a | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Mupanda uyu hauna chivakashure chinoonekwa, nokudaro unomirirwa na/Ø-/.
Mazita aya anenge ari muushoma. Mupanda uyu unopinda mazita akasiyana-siyana, anoti:
(a)Mazita chaiwo anodaidzwa nawo vanhu. Mazita aya anoonekwa nekutanga nevara guru, sokuti:
Chipo Ø- + - Chipo,
Tendai Ø- + - Tendai.
(b) Mazita oukama, sokuti:
sekuru Ø- + - sekuru, baba Ø- + -baba, tete Ø- + -tete.
(c)Mazita akakweretwa kubva kune mimwe mitauro achitaura basa romunhu, sokuti: ticha(teacher) Ø- + -ticha
kochi(coach) Ø- + - kochi
refuri(referee) Ø- + - refuri.
(d) Mazita asinganyatsotendeki kana kutaura munhu kana chinhu, sokuti: nhingi Ø- + - nhingi
yekera Ø- + - yekera
yonini Ø- + - yonini.
(e) Mazita anotaura nguva, sokuti: nhasi Ø- + - nhasi
zuro Ø- + -zuro |
Mupanda 2a | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Uyu mupanda weremekedzo. Chivakashure /va-/. semienzaniso:vatete va- + -tete
vasahwira va- + -sahwira
VaMaruza Va- + -Maruza
VaMushambi Va- + -Mushambi.
Chivakashure chemupanda uyu chinogona kuonekwa sa /a-/ kuChiManyika. Mienzaniso: atezvara, asekuru, atete. |
Mupanda 2b | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Unopinda mazita anoti amai naambuya nemazitaumbiridzwa anenge aine mazita maviri iwaya sechikamu. Chivakashure /a-/, sokuti:
amai a- + -mai
ambuya a- + -mbuya
ambuyawanyasha a- + -mbuyawanyasha |
Mupanda 3 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure/mu-/Mupanda 3 unowanikwa mazita ezvinu zvakasiyana-siyana muChiShona. Mienzaniso:
muti mu- + -ti
muromo mu- + -romo
mupinyi mu- + -pinyi.
Chivakashure /mu-/ chinoonekwa sa /mw-/ pamadzitsi anotanga nenzvovera. Mienzaniso: mweya mw- + -eya
mwedi mw - + -edzi
mwenga mw - + -enga.
Chivakashure /mu-/ chinova /m-/ pamadzitsi anoti /-oto/ na /-oyo/. Sokuti:
moto m- + -oto /nmoyo m- + -oyo |
Mupanda 4 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /mi-/
Mazita ari mumupanda uyu uzhinji hwemazita emupanda 3.Mienzaniso:
miti mi- + -ti
miromo mi- + -romo
mipinyi mi- + -pinyi.
Mamwe mazita anoramba ane zvivakashure zvaanga anazvo kumupanda 3. Mienzaniso:
mwedzi mw- + -edzi mweya mwe- + -ya moto m- + -oto |
Mupanda 5 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure ndi/(ri-)/ Mupanda 5 unosanganisira:
(i)mazita emhuka dzakaita segudo, gunguwo, datya nedzimwewo.
(ii)mazita anotaridza zvinhu zvine mumhu mukuru kana zvakaunganidzwa, sokuti, rume, svinga, gadzi, gomana dzikana.
(iii) zvinowanikwa mumuviri wemunhu zvinoyerera seropa, dzihwa neziya.
Chivakashure ichi hachisi pachena sezvakaita zvimwe zvivakashure zvemimwe mipanda, nokudaro chinoiswa muzvikomberedzo (ri-). Chinobuda pasungawirirano, sokuti; demo rangu ratyoka.
Madzitsi emazita omupanda 5 anotorwa kubva muuwandu hwamazita aya kureva kuti zita romupanda 5 rinotanga raiswa muuzhinji hwaro tozotsvaka dzitsi racho kubva mumupanda 6, nzvanyira yedzitsi iri inoshanduka pakunyora dzitsi. Sokuti
danga (ri-) + -tanga
danda (ri-) + -tanda
gumbo (ri-) + -kumbo
zana (ri-) + -ana
badza (ri-) + -padza.
Zvinoda kuti mazita acho atange apinda mumupanda 6 kuti tione kuti anoshanduka sei. Sezvo tichiti dzitsi harishanduki, ndizvo zvatinotevedzera kutora dzitsi rinoshanda nemimwe mipanda, sokuti:
matanga
chitanga
katanga.
Pane kudyanana kwamavara kunoita kuti mavara ashanduke. Mavara anodaidzwa zvine mutinhimira, anoita akareruka pamutinhimira seizvi:
/d/ inoita /t/ (damba (ri-) + -tamba)
/g/ inova /k/ (gomba (ri-) + -kamba)
/b/ inoita /p/ (bango (ri-) + -pango) /j/ inoita /ch/ (jira (ri-) + -chira.(ri-) kana chashanda namadzitsi anoreva vanhu chinenge chava mudanho repiri chichitsanangura, chichipa pfungwa youkuru, kutyisa, kuipa, kushoreka nezvimwe. Semienzaniso: gomana
gadzi
rume |
Mupanda 6 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /ma-/
Ndiwo mupanda unowanikwa mazita emupanda 5 kana ava muuzhinji, sokuti: mapadza ma- + -padza
makudo ma- + -kudo
meso ma- + -iso
meno ma- + -ino |
Mupanda 7 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /chi-/
chikoro chi- + -koro
chibage chi- + -bage chingwa chi- + -ngwa
Chivakashure /chi-/ chinoonekwa sa /ch-/ pamadzitsi anotanga nenzvovera. Mienzaniso: chana ch- + -ana
choto chi- + -oto
chombo ch- + -ombo
chura ch- + -ura.
Chivakashure /chi-/ chinowanikwa pane mamwe madzitsi sa /cha-/. Mienzaniso: chapupu cha- + -pupu
chapungu cha- + -pungu |
Mupanda 8 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /zvi-/
Unotora mazita omupanda 7 kana ava muuzhinji, sokuti: zvikoro zvi- + -koro
zvingwa zvi- + -ngwa.
Chivakashure /zvi-/ chinoonekwa sa /zv-/ pamadzitsi anotanga nenzvovera. Mienzaniso:zvana zv- + -ana
zvoto zv- + -oto |
Mupanda 9 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /N-/ kana / Ø-/, /i-/
Chivakashure /N-/ hachionekwi pamazita, asi kuti chinouya nokudaidzwa kunoitwa mazita aya ane ruzha runobuda nomumhino, sokuti: mombe N- + -mombe
nyoka N- + -nyoka.
Kana tichishandisa / N-/ pane shanduko inoonekwa pamavara anotanga dzitsi rezita racho; mavara anodaidzwa zvakareruka anenge akora pakudaidzwa asi achibuda nemumhino, sokuti:Mazita neZvisazitasingwi.
Kureva kuti:/p/ anoshanduka kuva /mh/
/b/ anoshanduka kuva /mb/
/r/ anoshanduka kuva /nd/
/t/ anoshanduka kuva/nh/
/k/ anoshanduka kuva /h/.
Mavara ose okurudyi akora pakudaidzwa uye anobuda nemumhino.
Mazita aya ose ari muushoma hwawo.Pane mamwe mazita emupanda 9 ane chivakashure /Ø-/. Aya ndiwo mazita ekuti kana achidaidzwa ruzha harubudi nemumhino. Hazvigoni kuti titi anomirirwa na /N-/. Mienzaniso yemazita aya ndeinotevera: tsoko Ø- + -tsoko
tsuro Ø- + -tsuro.
Chivakashure /i-/ chinowanikwa pamazita mashoma. Muenzaniso:imba i- + -mba
imbwa i- + -mbwa |
Mupanda 10 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /N-/kana /Ø-/ kana, /dzi-/
Unotora mazita ose emupanda 9 omaisa muuzhinji, sokuti:
dzimba dzi- + -dzimba
nyoka N- + -nyoka
mhuka N- + -mhuka
shoko Ø- + -shoko
shumba Ø- + -shumba.
Shanduko muuzhinji inoonekwa pasungawirirano. Mazita ose emumupanda 9 anenge ane sungawirirano /i-/, emupanda 10 anenge ane sungawirirano /dzi-/. Somuenzaniso:
nyoka inoruma(9)
nyoka dzinoruma(10)
imba inovakwa(9)
dzimba dzinovakwa
mhuka inokara(9)
mhuka dzinokara(10).
Tsananguro yechivakashure /N- na / Ø-/ ndiyo imwe chete yapiwa pamupanda 9. |
Mupanda 11 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /ru-/Chivakashure/ru-/ chinova /rw-/ pamadzitsi anotanga nenzvovera, sokuti: rw- + -ana
rw- + -endo.
Chivakasure chemupanda uyu kazhinji chinenge chiri mudanho rechipiri chichitsoropodzi. Sokuti:
rukadzi ru- + -kadzi
rumbwa ru- + -mbwa
rutsanga ru- + -tsanga
rwana rw- + -ana.
Chine pamwewo pachinoshanda chiri mudanho rekutanga chisingatsoropodzi. Sokuti;
rwendo rw- + -endo
ruoko ru- + -oko
rudo ru- + -do |
Mupanda 12 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /ka-/Kana chiri mudanho rechipiri chinotsanangudza chichipa pfungwa yekusvora kana kudukupisa.
kakadzi ka- + -kadzi
kambwa ka- + -mbwa
kamombe ka- + -mombe.
Chivakashure /ka-/ chinowanikwa sa/k-/ kana chichishanda nedzitsi rinotanga nenzvovera. Muenzaniso:
kana k- + -ana |
Mupanda 13 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /tu-/
Chivakashure ichi chinoisa mazita emupanda 12 muuzhinji asi chiri mudanho repiri chichitsanangudza, chichibudisa pfungwa yekudupuka nekushomeka. Sokuti:
tukadzi tu- + -kadzi
tumbwa tu- + -mbwa
tumombe tu- + -mombe.
Chivakashure /tu-/ chinova /tw-/ pazita rine dzitsi rinotanga nenzvovera. Muenzaniso:
twana tw- + -ana |
Mupanda 14 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Chivakashure /u-/
Chivakashure /u-/ chinova /hw-/ pamazita ane dzitsi rinotanga nenzvovera. Mienzaniso:
hwana hw- + -ana
hwaro hw- + -aro
hwenje hw- + -enje.
Mazita emupanda uyu anoreva zvinhu zvinobatika nezvisingabatiki.
(i) Zvinobatika:
usavi u- + -savi
upfu u- + -pfu
hwahwa hw- + -ahwa
urimbo u- + -rimbo
(ii) Zvisingabatiki:
unhu u- + -nhu
upenzi u- + -penzi
uroyi u- + royi
ushingi u- + -shingi |
Mupanda 15 | ndiudze nezveMipanda yemazita('tell me about Mipanda yemazita') | Mazita aya zviito.Chivakashure/ku-/.
kuda
kutamba |