/*
** $Id: lgc.c,v 2.205 2015/03/25 13:42:19 roberto Exp $
** Garbage Collector
** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
*/

#define lgc_c
#define LUA_CORE

#include "lprefix.h"


#include <string.h>

#include "lua.h"

#include "ldebug.h"
#include "ldo.h"
#include "lfunc.h"
#include "lgc.h"
#include "lmem.h"
#include "lobject.h"
#include "lstate.h"
#include "lstring.h"
#include "ltable.h"
#include "ltm.h"


/*
** internal state for collector while inside the atomic phase. The
** collector should never be in this state while running regular code.
*/
#define GCSinsideatomic		(GCSpause + 1)

/*
** cost of sweeping one element (the size of a small object divided
** by some adjust for the sweep speed)
*/
#define GCSWEEPCOST	((sizeof(TString) + 4) / 4)

/* maximum number of elements to sweep in each single step */
#define GCSWEEPMAX	(cast_int((GCSTEPSIZE / GCSWEEPCOST) / 4))

/* cost of calling one finalizer */
#define GCFINALIZECOST	GCSWEEPCOST


/*
** macro to adjust 'stepmul': 'stepmul' is actually used like
** 'stepmul / STEPMULADJ' (value chosen by tests)
*/
#define STEPMULADJ		200


/*
** macro to adjust 'pause': 'pause' is actually used like
** 'pause / PAUSEADJ' (value chosen by tests)
*/
#define PAUSEADJ		100


/*
** 'makewhite' erases all color bits then sets only the current white
** bit
*/
#define maskcolors	(~(bitmask(BLACKBIT) | WHITEBITS))
#define makewhite(g,x)	\
 (x->marked = cast_byte((x->marked & maskcolors) | luaC_white(g)))

#define white2gray(x)	resetbits(x->marked, WHITEBITS)
#define black2gray(x)	resetbit(x->marked, BLACKBIT)


#define valiswhite(x)   (iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x)))

#define checkdeadkey(n)	lua_assert(!ttisdeadkey(gkey(n)) || ttisnil(gval(n)))


#define checkconsistency(obj)  \
  lua_longassert(!iscollectable(obj) || righttt(obj))


#define markvalue(g,o) { checkconsistency(o); \
  if (valiswhite(o)) reallymarkobject(g,gcvalue(o)); }

#define markobject(g,t)	{ if (iswhite(t)) reallymarkobject(g, obj2gco(t)); }

/*
** mark an object that can be NULL (either because it is really optional,
** or it was stripped as debug info, or inside an uncompleted structure)
*/
#define markobjectN(g,t)	{ if (t) markobject(g,t); }

static void reallymarkobject(global_State *g, GCObject *o);


/*
** {======================================================
** Generic functions
** =======================================================
*/


/*
** one after last element in a hash array
*/
#define gnodelast(h)	gnode(h, cast(size_t, sizenode(h)))


/*
** link collectable object 'o' into list pointed by 'p'
*/
#define linkgclist(o,p)	((o)->gclist = (p), (p) = obj2gco(o))


/*
** if key is not marked, mark its entry as dead (therefore removing it
** from the table)
*/
static void removeentry(Node *n) {
	lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(n)));
	if (valiswhite(gkey(n)))
		setdeadvalue(wgkey(n));  /* unused and unmarked key; remove it */
}


/*
** tells whether a key or value can be cleared from a weak
** table. Non-collectable objects are never removed from weak
** tables. Strings behave as 'values', so are never removed too. for
** other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for objects
** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values
*/
static int iscleared(global_State *g, const TValue *o) {
	if (!iscollectable(o)) return 0;
	else if (ttisstring(o)) {
		markobject(g, tsvalue(o));  /* strings are 'values', so are never weak */
		return 0;
	}
	else return iswhite(gcvalue(o));
}


/*
** barrier that moves collector forward, that is, mark the white object
** being pointed by a black object. (If in sweep phase, clear the black
** object to white [sweep it] to avoid other barrier calls for this
** same object.)
*/
void luaC_barrier_(lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	lua_assert(isblack(o) && iswhite(v) && !isdead(g, v) && !isdead(g, o));
	if (keepinvariant(g))  /* must keep invariant? */
		reallymarkobject(g, v);  /* restore invariant */
	else {  /* sweep phase */
		lua_assert(issweepphase(g));
		makewhite(g, o);  /* mark main obj. as white to avoid other barriers */
	}
}


/*
** barrier that moves collector backward, that is, mark the black object
** pointing to a white object as gray again.
*/
void luaC_barrierback_(lua_State *L, Table *t) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	lua_assert(isblack(t) && !isdead(g, t));
	black2gray(t);  /* make table gray (again) */
	linkgclist(t, g->grayagain);
}


/*
** barrier for assignments to closed upvalues. Because upvalues are
** shared among closures, it is impossible to know the color of all
** closures pointing to it. So, we assume that the object being assigned
** must be marked.
*/
void luaC_upvalbarrier_(lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	GCObject *o = gcvalue(uv->v);
	lua_assert(!upisopen(uv));  /* ensured by macro luaC_upvalbarrier */
	if (keepinvariant(g))
		markobject(g, o);
}


void luaC_fix(lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	lua_assert(g->allgc == o);  /* object must be 1st in 'allgc' list! */
	white2gray(o);  /* they will be gray forever */
	g->allgc = o->next;  /* remove object from 'allgc' list */
	o->next = g->fixedgc;  /* link it to 'fixedgc' list */
	g->fixedgc = o;
}


/*
** create a new collectable object (with given type and size) and link
** it to 'allgc' list.
*/
GCObject *luaC_newobj(lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	GCObject *o = cast(GCObject *, luaM_newobject(L, novariant(tt), sz));
	o->marked = luaC_white(g);
	o->tt = tt;
	o->next = g->allgc;
	g->allgc = o;
	return o;
}

/* }====================================================== */



/*
** {======================================================
** Mark functions
** =======================================================
*/


/*
** mark an object. Userdata, strings, and closed upvalues are visited
** and turned black here. Other objects are marked gray and added
** to appropriate list to be visited (and turned black) later. (Open
** upvalues are already linked in 'headuv' list.)
*/
static void reallymarkobject(global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
reentry:
	white2gray(o);
	switch (o->tt) {
	case LUA_TSHRSTR: {
		gray2black(o);
		g->GCmemtrav += sizelstring(gco2ts(o)->shrlen);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TLNGSTR: {
		gray2black(o);
		g->GCmemtrav += sizelstring(gco2ts(o)->u.lnglen);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
		TValue uvalue;
		markobjectN(g, gco2u(o)->metatable);  /* mark its metatable */
		gray2black(o);
		g->GCmemtrav += sizeudata(gco2u(o));
		getuservalue(g->mainthread, gco2u(o), &uvalue);
		if (valiswhite(&uvalue)) {  /* markvalue(g, &uvalue); */
			o = gcvalue(&uvalue);
			goto reentry;
		}
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TLCL: {
		linkgclist(gco2lcl(o), g->gray);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TCCL: {
		linkgclist(gco2ccl(o), g->gray);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TTABLE: {
		linkgclist(gco2t(o), g->gray);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TTHREAD: {
		linkgclist(gco2th(o), g->gray);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TPROTO: {
		linkgclist(gco2p(o), g->gray);
		break;
	}
	default: lua_assert(0); break;
	}
}


/*
** mark metamethods for basic types
*/
static void markmt(global_State *g) {
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++)
		markobjectN(g, g->mt[i]);
}


/*
** mark all objects in list of being-finalized
*/
static void markbeingfnz(global_State *g) {
	GCObject *o;
	for (o = g->tobefnz; o != NULL; o = o->next)
		markobject(g, o);
}


/*
** Mark all values stored in marked open upvalues from non-marked threads.
** (Values from marked threads were already marked when traversing the
** thread.) Remove from the list threads that no longer have upvalues and
** not-marked threads.
*/
static void remarkupvals(global_State *g) {
	lua_State *thread;
	lua_State **p = &g->twups;
	while ((thread = *p) != NULL) {
		lua_assert(!isblack(thread));  /* threads are never black */
		if (isgray(thread) && thread->openupval != NULL)
			p = &thread->twups;  /* keep marked thread with upvalues in the list */
		else {  /* thread is not marked or without upvalues */
			UpVal *uv;
			*p = thread->twups;  /* remove thread from the list */
			thread->twups = thread;  /* mark that it is out of list */
			for (uv = thread->openupval; uv != NULL; uv = uv->u.open.next) {
				if (uv->u.open.touched) {
					markvalue(g, uv->v);  /* remark upvalue's value */
					uv->u.open.touched = 0;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}


/*
** mark root set and reset all gray lists, to start a new collection
*/
static void restartcollection(global_State *g) {
	g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
	g->weak = g->allweak = g->ephemeron = NULL;
	markobject(g, g->mainthread);
	markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
	markmt(g);
	markbeingfnz(g);  /* mark any finalizing object left from previous cycle */
}

/* }====================================================== */


/*
** {======================================================
** Traverse functions
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** Traverse a table with weak values and link it to proper list. During
** propagate phase, keep it in 'grayagain' list, to be revisited in the
** atomic phase. In the atomic phase, if table has any white value,
** put it in 'weak' list, to be cleared.
*/
static void traverseweakvalue(global_State *g, Table *h) {
	Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
	/* if there is array part, assume it may have white values (it is not
	   worth traversing it now just to check) */
	int hasclears = (h->sizearray > 0);
	for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {  /* traverse hash part */
		checkdeadkey(n);
		if (ttisnil(gval(n)))  /* entry is empty? */
			removeentry(n);  /* remove it */
		else {
			lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n)));
			markvalue(g, gkey(n));  /* mark key */
			if (!hasclears && iscleared(g, gval(n)))  /* is there a white value? */
				hasclears = 1;  /* table will have to be cleared */
		}
	}
	if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
		linkgclist(h, g->grayagain);  /* must retraverse it in atomic phase */
	else if (hasclears)
		linkgclist(h, g->weak);  /* has to be cleared later */
}


/*
** Traverse an ephemeron table and link it to proper list. Returns true
** iff any object was marked during this traversal (which implies that
** convergence has to continue). During propagation phase, keep table
** in 'grayagain' list, to be visited again in the atomic phase. In
** the atomic phase, if table has any white->white entry, it has to
** be revisited during ephemeron convergence (as that key may turn
** black). Otherwise, if it has any white key, table has to be cleared
** (in the atomic phase).
*/
static int traverseephemeron(global_State *g, Table *h) {
	int marked = 0;  /* true if an object is marked in this traversal */
	int hasclears = 0;  /* true if table has white keys */
	int hasww = 0;  /* true if table has entry "white-key -> white-value" */
	Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
	unsigned int i;
	/* traverse array part */
	for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) {
		if (valiswhite(&h->array[i])) {
			marked = 1;
			reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(&h->array[i]));
		}
	}
	/* traverse hash part */
	for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
		checkdeadkey(n);
		if (ttisnil(gval(n)))  /* entry is empty? */
			removeentry(n);  /* remove it */
		else if (iscleared(g, gkey(n))) {  /* key is not marked (yet)? */
			hasclears = 1;  /* table must be cleared */
			if (valiswhite(gval(n)))  /* value not marked yet? */
				hasww = 1;  /* white-white entry */
		}
		else if (valiswhite(gval(n))) {  /* value not marked yet? */
			marked = 1;
			reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(gval(n)));  /* mark it now */
		}
	}
	/* link table into proper list */
	if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
		linkgclist(h, g->grayagain);  /* must retraverse it in atomic phase */
	else if (hasww)  /* table has white->white entries? */
		linkgclist(h, g->ephemeron);  /* have to propagate again */
	else if (hasclears)  /* table has white keys? */
		linkgclist(h, g->allweak);  /* may have to clean white keys */
	return marked;
}


static void traversestrongtable(global_State *g, Table *h) {
	Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
	unsigned int i;
	for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++)  /* traverse array part */
		markvalue(g, &h->array[i]);
	for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {  /* traverse hash part */
		checkdeadkey(n);
		if (ttisnil(gval(n)))  /* entry is empty? */
			removeentry(n);  /* remove it */
		else {
			lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n)));
			markvalue(g, gkey(n));  /* mark key */
			markvalue(g, gval(n));  /* mark value */
		}
	}
}


static lu_mem traversetable(global_State *g, Table *h) {
	const char *weakkey, *weakvalue;
	const TValue *mode = gfasttm(g, h->metatable, TM_MODE);
	markobjectN(g, h->metatable);
	if (mode && ttisstring(mode) &&  /* is there a weak mode? */
		((weakkey = strchr(svalue(mode), 'k')),
		(weakvalue = strchr(svalue(mode), 'v')),
		(weakkey || weakvalue))) {  /* is really weak? */
		black2gray(h);  /* keep table gray */
		if (!weakkey)  /* strong keys? */
			traverseweakvalue(g, h);
		else if (!weakvalue)  /* strong values? */
			traverseephemeron(g, h);
		else  /* all weak */
			linkgclist(h, g->allweak);  /* nothing to traverse now */
	}
	else  /* not weak */
		traversestrongtable(g, h);
	return sizeof(Table) + sizeof(TValue) * h->sizearray +
		sizeof(Node) * cast(size_t, sizenode(h));
}


/*
** Traverse a prototype. (While a prototype is being build, its
** arrays can be larger than needed; the extra slots are filled with
** NULL, so the use of 'markobjectN')
*/
static int traverseproto(global_State *g, Proto *f) {
	int i;
	if (f->cache && iswhite(f->cache))
		f->cache = NULL;  /* allow cache to be collected */
	markobjectN(g, f->source);
	for (i = 0; i < f->sizek; i++)  /* mark literals */
		markvalue(g, &f->k[i]);
	for (i = 0; i < f->sizeupvalues; i++)  /* mark upvalue names */
		markobjectN(g, f->upvalues[i].name);
	for (i = 0; i < f->sizep; i++)  /* mark nested protos */
		markobjectN(g, f->p[i]);
	for (i = 0; i < f->sizelocvars; i++)  /* mark local-variable names */
		markobjectN(g, f->locvars[i].varname);
	return sizeof(Proto) + sizeof(Instruction) * f->sizecode +
		sizeof(Proto *) * f->sizep +
		sizeof(TValue) * f->sizek +
		sizeof(int) * f->sizelineinfo +
		sizeof(LocVar) * f->sizelocvars +
		sizeof(Upvaldesc) * f->sizeupvalues;
}


static lu_mem traverseCclosure(global_State *g, CClosure *cl) {
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++)  /* mark its upvalues */
		markvalue(g, &cl->upvalue[i]);
	return sizeCclosure(cl->nupvalues);
}

/*
** open upvalues point to values in a thread, so those values should
** be marked when the thread is traversed except in the atomic phase
** (because then the value cannot be changed by the thread and the
** thread may not be traversed again)
*/
static lu_mem traverseLclosure(global_State *g, LClosure *cl) {
	int i;
	markobjectN(g, cl->p);  /* mark its prototype */
	for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) {  /* mark its upvalues */
		UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[i];
		if (uv != NULL) {
			if (upisopen(uv) && g->gcstate != GCSinsideatomic)
				uv->u.open.touched = 1;  /* can be marked in 'remarkupvals' */
			else
				markvalue(g, uv->v);
		}
	}
	return sizeLclosure(cl->nupvalues);
}


static lu_mem traversethread(global_State *g, lua_State *th) {
	StkId o = th->stack;
	if (o == NULL)
		return 1;  /* stack not completely built yet */
	lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSinsideatomic ||
		th->openupval == NULL || isintwups(th));
	for (; o < th->top; o++)  /* mark live elements in the stack */
		markvalue(g, o);
	if (g->gcstate == GCSinsideatomic) {  /* final traversal? */
		StkId lim = th->stack + th->stacksize;  /* real end of stack */
		for (; o < lim; o++)  /* clear not-marked stack slice */
			setnilvalue(o);
		/* 'remarkupvals' may have removed thread from 'twups' list */
		if (!isintwups(th) && th->openupval != NULL) {
			th->twups = g->twups;  /* link it back to the list */
			g->twups = th;
		}
	}
	else if (g->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY)
		luaD_shrinkstack(th); /* do not change stack in emergency cycle */
	return (sizeof(lua_State) + sizeof(TValue) * th->stacksize);
}


/*
** traverse one gray object, turning it to black (except for threads,
** which are always gray).
*/
static void propagatemark(global_State *g) {
	lu_mem size;
	GCObject *o = g->gray;
	lua_assert(isgray(o));
	gray2black(o);
	switch (o->tt) {
	case LUA_TTABLE: {
		Table *h = gco2t(o);
		g->gray = h->gclist;  /* remove from 'gray' list */
		size = traversetable(g, h);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TLCL: {
		LClosure *cl = gco2lcl(o);
		g->gray = cl->gclist;  /* remove from 'gray' list */
		size = traverseLclosure(g, cl);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TCCL: {
		CClosure *cl = gco2ccl(o);
		g->gray = cl->gclist;  /* remove from 'gray' list */
		size = traverseCclosure(g, cl);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TTHREAD: {
		lua_State *th = gco2th(o);
		g->gray = th->gclist;  /* remove from 'gray' list */
		linkgclist(th, g->grayagain);  /* insert into 'grayagain' list */
		black2gray(o);
		size = traversethread(g, th);
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TPROTO: {
		Proto *p = gco2p(o);
		g->gray = p->gclist;  /* remove from 'gray' list */
		size = traverseproto(g, p);
		break;
	}
	default: lua_assert(0); return;
	}
	g->GCmemtrav += size;
}


static void propagateall(global_State *g) {
	while (g->gray) propagatemark(g);
}


static void convergeephemerons(global_State *g) {
	int changed;
	do {
		GCObject *w;
		GCObject *next = g->ephemeron;  /* get ephemeron list */
		g->ephemeron = NULL;  /* tables may return to this list when traversed */
		changed = 0;
		while ((w = next) != NULL) {
			next = gco2t(w)->gclist;
			if (traverseephemeron(g, gco2t(w))) {  /* traverse marked some value? */
				propagateall(g);  /* propagate changes */
				changed = 1;  /* will have to revisit all ephemeron tables */
			}
		}
	} while (changed);
}

/* }====================================================== */


/*
** {======================================================
** Sweep Functions
** =======================================================
*/


/*
** clear entries with unmarked keys from all weaktables in list 'l' up
** to element 'f'
*/
static void clearkeys(global_State *g, GCObject *l, GCObject *f) {
	for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
		Table *h = gco2t(l);
		Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
		for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
			if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && (iscleared(g, gkey(n)))) {
				setnilvalue(gval(n));  /* remove value ... */
				removeentry(n);  /* and remove entry from table */
			}
		}
	}
}


/*
** clear entries with unmarked values from all weaktables in list 'l' up
** to element 'f'
*/
static void clearvalues(global_State *g, GCObject *l, GCObject *f) {
	for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
		Table *h = gco2t(l);
		Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
		unsigned int i;
		for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) {
			TValue *o = &h->array[i];
			if (iscleared(g, o))  /* value was collected? */
				setnilvalue(o);  /* remove value */
		}
		for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
			if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && iscleared(g, gval(n))) {
				setnilvalue(gval(n));  /* remove value ... */
				removeentry(n);  /* and remove entry from table */
			}
		}
	}
}


void luaC_upvdeccount(lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {
	lua_assert(uv->refcount > 0);
	uv->refcount--;
	if (uv->refcount == 0 && !upisopen(uv))
		luaM_free(L, uv);
}


static void freeLclosure(lua_State *L, LClosure *cl) {
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) {
		UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[i];
		if (uv)
			luaC_upvdeccount(L, uv);
	}
	luaM_freemem(L, cl, sizeLclosure(cl->nupvalues));
}


static void freeobj(lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
	switch (o->tt) {
	case LUA_TPROTO: luaF_freeproto(L, gco2p(o)); break;
	case LUA_TLCL: {
		freeLclosure(L, gco2lcl(o));
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TCCL: {
		luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeCclosure(gco2ccl(o)->nupvalues));
		break;
	}
	case LUA_TTABLE: luaH_free(L, gco2t(o)); break;
	case LUA_TTHREAD: luaE_freethread(L, gco2th(o)); break;
	case LUA_TUSERDATA: luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeudata(gco2u(o))); break;
	case LUA_TSHRSTR:
		luaS_remove(L, gco2ts(o));  /* remove it from hash table */
		luaM_freemem(L, o, sizelstring(gco2ts(o)->shrlen));
		break;
	case LUA_TLNGSTR: {
		luaM_freemem(L, o, sizelstring(gco2ts(o)->u.lnglen));
		break;
	}
	default: lua_assert(0);
	}
}


#define sweepwholelist(L,p)	sweeplist(L,p,MAX_LUMEM)
static GCObject **sweeplist(lua_State *L, GCObject **p, lu_mem count);


/*
** sweep at most 'count' elements from a list of GCObjects erasing dead
** objects, where a dead object is one marked with the old (non current)
** white; change all non-dead objects back to white, preparing for next
** collection cycle. Return where to continue the traversal or NULL if
** list is finished.
*/
static GCObject **sweeplist(lua_State *L, GCObject **p, lu_mem count) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	int ow = otherwhite(g);
	int white = luaC_white(g);  /* current white */
	while (*p != NULL && count-- > 0) {
		GCObject *curr = *p;
		int marked = curr->marked;
		if (isdeadm(ow, marked)) {  /* is 'curr' dead? */
			*p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from list */
			freeobj(L, curr);  /* erase 'curr' */
		}
		else {  /* change mark to 'white' */
			curr->marked = cast_byte((marked & maskcolors) | white);
			p = &curr->next;  /* go to next element */
		}
	}
	return (*p == NULL) ? NULL : p;
}


/*
** sweep a list until a live object (or end of list)
*/
static GCObject **sweeptolive(lua_State *L, GCObject **p, int *n) {
	GCObject **old = p;
	int i = 0;
	do {
		i++;
		p = sweeplist(L, p, 1);
	} while (p == old);
	if (n) *n += i;
	return p;
}

/* }====================================================== */


/*
** {======================================================
** Finalization
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** If possible, free concatenation buffer and shrink string table
*/
static void checkSizes(lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
	if (g->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY) {
		l_mem olddebt = g->GCdebt;
		luaZ_freebuffer(L, &g->buff);  /* free concatenation buffer */
		if (g->strt.nuse < g->strt.size / 4)  /* string table too big? */
			luaS_resize(L, g->strt.size / 2);  /* shrink it a little */
		g->GCestimate += g->GCdebt - olddebt;  /* update estimate */
	}
}


static GCObject *udata2finalize(global_State *g) {
	GCObject *o = g->tobefnz;  /* get first element */
	lua_assert(tofinalize(o));
	g->tobefnz = o->next;  /* remove it from 'tobefnz' list */
	o->next = g->allgc;  /* return it to 'allgc' list */
	g->allgc = o;
	resetbit(o->marked, FINALIZEDBIT);  /* object is "normal" again */
	if (issweepphase(g))
		makewhite(g, o);  /* "sweep" object */
	return o;
}


static void dothecall(lua_State *L, void *ud) {
	UNUSED(ud);
	luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 0, 0);
}


static void GCTM(lua_State *L, int propagateerrors) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	const TValue *tm;
	TValue v;
	setgcovalue(L, &v, udata2finalize(g));
	tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, &v, TM_GC);
	if (tm != NULL && ttisfunction(tm)) {  /* is there a finalizer? */
		int status;
		lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook;
		int running = g->gcrunning;
		L->allowhook = 0;  /* stop debug hooks during GC metamethod */
		g->gcrunning = 0;  /* avoid GC steps */
		setobj2s(L, L->top, tm);  /* push finalizer... */
		setobj2s(L, L->top + 1, &v);  /* ... and its argument */
		L->top += 2;  /* and (next line) call the finalizer */
		status = luaD_pcall(L, dothecall, NULL, savestack(L, L->top - 2), 0);
		L->allowhook = oldah;  /* restore hooks */
		g->gcrunning = running;  /* restore state */
		if (status != LUA_OK && propagateerrors) {  /* error while running __gc? */
			if (status == LUA_ERRRUN) {  /* is there an error object? */
				const char *msg = (ttisstring(L->top - 1))
					? svalue(L->top - 1)
					: "no message";
				luaO_pushfstring(L, "error in __gc metamethod (%s)", msg);
				status = LUA_ERRGCMM;  /* error in __gc metamethod */
			}
			luaD_throw(L, status);  /* re-throw error */
		}
	}
}


/*
** call a few (up to 'g->gcfinnum') finalizers
*/
static int runafewfinalizers(lua_State *L) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	unsigned int i;
	lua_assert(!g->tobefnz || g->gcfinnum > 0);
	for (i = 0; g->tobefnz && i < g->gcfinnum; i++)
		GCTM(L, 1);  /* call one finalizer */
	g->gcfinnum = (!g->tobefnz) ? 0  /* nothing more to finalize? */
		: g->gcfinnum * 2;  /* else call a few more next time */
	return i;
}


/*
** call all pending finalizers
*/
static void callallpendingfinalizers(lua_State *L, int propagateerrors) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	while (g->tobefnz)
		GCTM(L, propagateerrors);
}


/*
** find last 'next' field in list 'p' list (to add elements in its end)
*/
static GCObject **findlast(GCObject **p) {
	while (*p != NULL)
		p = &(*p)->next;
	return p;
}


/*
** move all unreachable objects (or 'all' objects) that need
** finalization from list 'finobj' to list 'tobefnz' (to be finalized)
*/
static void separatetobefnz(global_State *g, int all) {
	GCObject *curr;
	GCObject **p = &g->finobj;
	GCObject **lastnext = findlast(&g->tobefnz);
	while ((curr = *p) != NULL) {  /* traverse all finalizable objects */
		lua_assert(tofinalize(curr));
		if (!(iswhite(curr) || all))  /* not being collected? */
			p = &curr->next;  /* don't bother with it */
		else {
			*p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from 'finobj' list */
			curr->next = *lastnext;  /* link at the end of 'tobefnz' list */
			*lastnext = curr;
			lastnext = &curr->next;
		}
	}
}


/*
** if object 'o' has a finalizer, remove it from 'allgc' list (must
** search the list to find it) and link it in 'finobj' list.
*/
void luaC_checkfinalizer(lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	if (tofinalize(o) ||                 /* obj. is already marked... */
		gfasttm(g, mt, TM_GC) == NULL)   /* or has no finalizer? */
		return;  /* nothing to be done */
	else {  /* move 'o' to 'finobj' list */
		GCObject **p;
		if (issweepphase(g)) {
			makewhite(g, o);  /* "sweep" object 'o' */
			if (g->sweepgc == &o->next)  /* should not remove 'sweepgc' object */
				g->sweepgc = sweeptolive(L, g->sweepgc, NULL);  /* change 'sweepgc' */
		}
		/* search for pointer pointing to 'o' */
		for (p = &g->allgc; *p != o; p = &(*p)->next) { /* empty */ }
		*p = o->next;  /* remove 'o' from 'allgc' list */
		o->next = g->finobj;  /* link it in 'finobj' list */
		g->finobj = o;
		l_setbit(o->marked, FINALIZEDBIT);  /* mark it as such */
	}
}

/* }====================================================== */



/*
** {======================================================
** GC control
** =======================================================
*/


/*
** Set a reasonable "time" to wait before starting a new GC cycle; cycle
** will start when memory use hits threshold. (Division by 'estimate'
** should be OK: it cannot be zero (because Lua cannot even start with
** less than PAUSEADJ bytes).
*/
static void setpause(global_State *g) {
	l_mem threshold, debt;
	l_mem estimate = g->GCestimate / PAUSEADJ;  /* adjust 'estimate' */
	lua_assert(estimate > 0);
	threshold = (g->gcpause < MAX_LMEM / estimate)  /* overflow? */
		? estimate * g->gcpause  /* no overflow */
		: MAX_LMEM;  /* overflow; truncate to maximum */
	debt = gettotalbytes(g) - threshold;
	luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
}


/*
** Enter first sweep phase.
** The call to 'sweeptolive' makes pointer point to an object inside
** the list (instead of to the header), so that the real sweep do not
** need to skip objects created between "now" and the start of the real
** sweep.
** Returns how many objects it swept.
*/
static int entersweep(lua_State *L) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	int n = 0;
	g->gcstate = GCSswpallgc;
	lua_assert(g->sweepgc == NULL);
	g->sweepgc = sweeptolive(L, &g->allgc, &n);
	return n;
}


void luaC_freeallobjects(lua_State *L) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	separatetobefnz(g, 1);  /* separate all objects with finalizers */
	lua_assert(g->finobj == NULL);
	callallpendingfinalizers(L, 0);
	lua_assert(g->tobefnz == NULL);
	g->currentwhite = WHITEBITS; /* this "white" makes all objects look dead */
	g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
	sweepwholelist(L, &g->finobj);
	sweepwholelist(L, &g->allgc);
	sweepwholelist(L, &g->fixedgc);  /* collect fixed objects */
	lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0);
}


static l_mem atomic(lua_State *L) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	l_mem work;
	GCObject *origweak, *origall;
	GCObject *grayagain = g->grayagain;  /* save original list */
	lua_assert(g->ephemeron == NULL && g->weak == NULL);
	lua_assert(!iswhite(g->mainthread));
	g->gcstate = GCSinsideatomic;
	g->GCmemtrav = 0;  /* start counting work */
	markobject(g, L);  /* mark running thread */
	/* registry and global metatables may be changed by API */
	markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
	markmt(g);  /* mark global metatables */
	/* remark occasional upvalues of (maybe) dead threads */
	remarkupvals(g);
	propagateall(g);  /* propagate changes */
	work = g->GCmemtrav;  /* stop counting (do not recount 'grayagain') */
	g->gray = grayagain;
	propagateall(g);  /* traverse 'grayagain' list */
	g->GCmemtrav = 0;  /* restart counting */
	convergeephemerons(g);
	/* at this point, all strongly accessible objects are marked. */
	/* Clear values from weak tables, before checking finalizers */
	clearvalues(g, g->weak, NULL);
	clearvalues(g, g->allweak, NULL);
	origweak = g->weak; origall = g->allweak;
	work += g->GCmemtrav;  /* stop counting (objects being finalized) */
	separatetobefnz(g, 0);  /* separate objects to be finalized */
	g->gcfinnum = 1;  /* there may be objects to be finalized */
	markbeingfnz(g);  /* mark objects that will be finalized */
	propagateall(g);  /* remark, to propagate 'resurrection' */
	g->GCmemtrav = 0;  /* restart counting */
	convergeephemerons(g);
	/* at this point, all resurrected objects are marked. */
	/* remove dead objects from weak tables */
	clearkeys(g, g->ephemeron, NULL);  /* clear keys from all ephemeron tables */
	clearkeys(g, g->allweak, NULL);  /* clear keys from all 'allweak' tables */
	/* clear values from resurrected weak tables */
	clearvalues(g, g->weak, origweak);
	clearvalues(g, g->allweak, origall);
	luaS_clearcache(g);
	g->currentwhite = cast_byte(otherwhite(g));  /* flip current white */
	work += g->GCmemtrav;  /* complete counting */
	return work;  /* estimate of memory marked by 'atomic' */
}


static lu_mem sweepstep(lua_State *L, global_State *g,
	int nextstate, GCObject **nextlist) {
	if (g->sweepgc) {
		l_mem olddebt = g->GCdebt;
		g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX);
		g->GCestimate += g->GCdebt - olddebt;  /* update estimate */
		if (g->sweepgc)  /* is there still something to sweep? */
			return (GCSWEEPMAX * GCSWEEPCOST);
	}
	/* else enter next state */
	g->gcstate = nextstate;
	g->sweepgc = nextlist;
	return 0;
}


static lu_mem singlestep(lua_State *L) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	switch (g->gcstate) {
	case GCSpause: {
		g->GCmemtrav = g->strt.size * sizeof(GCObject*);
		restartcollection(g);
		g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;
		return g->GCmemtrav;
	}
	case GCSpropagate: {
		g->GCmemtrav = 0;
		lua_assert(g->gray);
		propagatemark(g);
		if (g->gray == NULL)  /* no more gray objects? */
			g->gcstate = GCSatomic;  /* finish propagate phase */
		return g->GCmemtrav;  /* memory traversed in this step */
	}
	case GCSatomic: {
		lu_mem work;
		int sw;
		propagateall(g);  /* make sure gray list is empty */
		work = atomic(L);  /* work is what was traversed by 'atomic' */
		sw = entersweep(L);
		g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g);  /* first estimate */;
		return work + sw * GCSWEEPCOST;
	}
	case GCSswpallgc: {  /* sweep "regular" objects */
		return sweepstep(L, g, GCSswpfinobj, &g->finobj);
	}
	case GCSswpfinobj: {  /* sweep objects with finalizers */
		return sweepstep(L, g, GCSswptobefnz, &g->tobefnz);
	}
	case GCSswptobefnz: {  /* sweep objects to be finalized */
		return sweepstep(L, g, GCSswpend, NULL);
	}
	case GCSswpend: {  /* finish sweeps */
		makewhite(g, g->mainthread);  /* sweep main thread */
		checkSizes(L, g);
		g->gcstate = GCScallfin;
		return 0;
	}
	case GCScallfin: {  /* call remaining finalizers */
		if (g->tobefnz && g->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY) {
			int n = runafewfinalizers(L);
			return (n * GCFINALIZECOST);
		}
		else {  /* emergency mode or no more finalizers */
			g->gcstate = GCSpause;  /* finish collection */
			return 0;
		}
	}
	default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
	}
}


/*
** advances the garbage collector until it reaches a state allowed
** by 'statemask'
*/
void luaC_runtilstate(lua_State *L, int statesmask) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	while (!testbit(statesmask, g->gcstate))
		singlestep(L);
}


/*
** get GC debt and convert it from Kb to 'work units' (avoid zero debt
** and overflows)
*/
static l_mem getdebt(global_State *g) {
	l_mem debt = g->GCdebt;
	int stepmul = g->gcstepmul;
	debt = (debt / STEPMULADJ) + 1;
	debt = (debt < MAX_LMEM / stepmul) ? debt * stepmul : MAX_LMEM;
	return debt;
}

/*
** performs a basic GC step when collector is running
*/
void luaC_step(lua_State *L) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	l_mem debt = getdebt(g);  /* GC deficit (be paid now) */
	if (!g->gcrunning) {  /* not running? */
		luaE_setdebt(g, -GCSTEPSIZE * 10);  /* avoid being called too often */
		return;
	}
	do {  /* repeat until pause or enough "credit" (negative debt) */
		lu_mem work = singlestep(L);  /* perform one single step */
		debt -= work;
	} while (debt > -GCSTEPSIZE && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
	if (g->gcstate == GCSpause)
		setpause(g);  /* pause until next cycle */
	else {
		debt = (debt / g->gcstepmul) * STEPMULADJ;  /* convert 'work units' to Kb */
		luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
		runafewfinalizers(L);
	}
}


/*
** Performs a full GC cycle; if 'isemergency', set a flag to avoid
** some operations which could change the interpreter state in some
** unexpected ways (running finalizers and shrinking some structures).
** Before running the collection, check 'keepinvariant'; if it is true,
** there may be some objects marked as black, so the collector has
** to sweep all objects to turn them back to white (as white has not
** changed, nothing will be collected).
*/
void luaC_fullgc(lua_State *L, int isemergency) {
	global_State *g = G(L);
	lua_assert(g->gckind == KGC_NORMAL);
	if (isemergency) g->gckind = KGC_EMERGENCY;  /* set flag */
	if (keepinvariant(g)) {  /* black objects? */
		entersweep(L); /* sweep everything to turn them back to white */
	}
	/* finish any pending sweep phase to start a new cycle */
	luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));
	luaC_runtilstate(L, ~bitmask(GCSpause));  /* start new collection */
	luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCScallfin));  /* run up to finalizers */
	/* estimate must be correct after a full GC cycle */
	lua_assert(g->GCestimate == gettotalbytes(g));
	luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));  /* finish collection */
	g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
	setpause(g);
}

/* }====================================================== */


