You are given an undirected tree consisting of n vertices. An undirected tree is a connected undirected graph with n - 1 edges.

Your task is to add the minimum number of edges in such a way that the length of the shortest path from the vertex 1 to any other vertex is at most 2. Note that you are not allowed to add loops and multiple edges.

Input

The first line contains one integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree.

The following n - 1 lines contain edges: edge i is given as a pair of vertices u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. It is guaranteed that there are no loops and multiple edges in the given edges.

Output

Print a single integer — the minimum number of edges you have to add in order to make the shortest distance from the vertex 1 to any other vertex at most 2. Note that you are not allowed to add loops and multiple edges.

Examples

Input

7
1 2
2 3
2 4
4 5
4 6
5 7


Output

2


Input

7
1 2
1 3
2 4
2 5
3 6
1 7


Output

0


Input

7
1 2
2 3
3 4
3 5
3 6
3 7


Output

1

Note

The tree corresponding to the first example: <image> The answer is 2, some of the possible answers are the following: [(1, 5), (1, 6)], [(1, 4), (1, 7)], [(1, 6), (1, 7)].

The tree corresponding to the second example: <image> The answer is 0.

The tree corresponding to the third example: <image> The answer is 1, only one possible way to reach it is to add the edge (1, 3).
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
long long dx[4] = {0, -1, 0, 1};
long long dy[4] = {1, 0, -1, 0};
using namespace std;
class pa3 {
 public:
  long long x, y, z;
  pa3(long long x = 0, long long y = 0, long long z = 0) : x(x), y(y), z(z) {}
  bool operator<(const pa3 &p) const {
    if (x != p.x) return x < p.x;
    if (y != p.y) return y < p.y;
    return z < p.z;
  }
  bool operator>(const pa3 &p) const {
    if (x != p.x) return x > p.x;
    if (y != p.y) return y > p.y;
    return z > p.z;
  }
  bool operator==(const pa3 &p) const {
    return x == p.x && y == p.y && z == p.z;
  }
  bool operator!=(const pa3 &p) const {
    return !(x == p.x && y == p.y && z == p.z);
  }
};
class pa4 {
 public:
  long long x;
  long long y, z, w;
  pa4(long long x = 0, long long y = 0, long long z = 0, long long w = 0)
      : x(x), y(y), z(z), w(w) {}
  bool operator<(const pa4 &p) const {
    if (x != p.x) return x < p.x;
    if (y != p.y) return y < p.y;
    if (z != p.z) return z < p.z;
    return w < p.w;
  }
  bool operator>(const pa4 &p) const {
    if (x != p.x) return x > p.x;
    if (y != p.y) return y > p.y;
    if (z != p.z) return z > p.z;
    return w > p.w;
  }
  bool operator==(const pa4 &p) const {
    return x == p.x && y == p.y && z == p.z && w == p.w;
  }
  bool operator!=(const pa4 &p) const {
    return !(x == p.x && y == p.y && z == p.z && w == p.w);
  }
};
class pa2 {
 public:
  long long x, y;
  pa2(long long x = 0, long long y = 0) : x(x), y(y) {}
  pa2 operator+(pa2 p) { return pa2(x + p.x, y + p.y); }
  pa2 operator-(pa2 p) { return pa2(x - p.x, y - p.y); }
  bool operator<(const pa2 &p) const { return x != p.x ? x < p.x : y < p.y; }
  bool operator>(const pa2 &p) const { return x != p.x ? x > p.x : y > p.y; }
  bool operator==(const pa2 &p) const {
    return abs(x - p.x) == 0 && abs(y - p.y) == 0;
  }
  bool operator!=(const pa2 &p) const {
    return !(abs(x - p.x) == 0 && abs(y - p.y) == 0);
  }
};
class Point {
 public:
  double x, y;
  Point(double x = 0, double y = 0) : x(x), y(y) {}
  Point operator+(Point p) { return Point(x + p.x, y + p.y); }
  Point operator-(Point p) { return Point(x - p.x, y - p.y); }
  Point operator*(double a) { return Point(x * a, y * a); }
  Point operator/(double a) { return Point(x / a, y / a); }
  double absv() { return sqrt(norm()); }
  double norm() { return x * x + y * y; }
  bool operator<(const Point &p) const { return x != p.x ? x < p.x : y < p.y; }
  bool operator==(const Point &p) const {
    return fabs(x - p.x) < (1e-10) && fabs(y - p.y) < (1e-10);
  }
};
struct Segment {
  Point p1, p2;
};
double dot(Point a, Point b) { return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y; }
double cross(Point a, Point b) { return a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x; }
bool parareru(Point a, Point b, Point c, Point d) {
  return abs(cross(a - b, d - c)) < (1e-10);
}
double distance_ls_p(Point a, Point b, Point c) {
  if (dot(b - a, c - a) < (1e-10)) return (c - a).absv();
  if (dot(a - b, c - b) < (1e-10)) return (c - b).absv();
  return abs(cross(b - a, c - a)) / (b - a).absv();
}
bool is_intersected_ls(Segment a, Segment b) {
  if (a.p1 == b.p1 || a.p2 == b.p1 || a.p1 == b.p2 || a.p2 == b.p2)
    return false;
  if (parareru((a.p2), (a.p1), (a.p1), (b.p2)) &&
      parareru((a.p2), (a.p1), (a.p1), (b.p1))) {
    if (dot(a.p1 - b.p1, a.p1 - b.p2) < (1e-10)) return true;
    if (dot(a.p2 - b.p1, a.p2 - b.p2) < (1e-10)) return true;
    if (dot(a.p1 - b.p1, a.p2 - b.p1) < (1e-10)) return true;
    if (dot(a.p1 - b.p2, a.p2 - b.p2) < (1e-10)) return true;
    return false;
  } else
    return (cross(a.p2 - a.p1, b.p1 - a.p1) * cross(a.p2 - a.p1, b.p2 - a.p1) <
            (1e-10)) &&
           (cross(b.p2 - b.p1, a.p1 - b.p1) * cross(b.p2 - b.p1, a.p2 - b.p1) <
            (1e-10));
}
double segment_dis(Segment a, Segment b) {
  if (is_intersected_ls(a, b)) return 0;
  double r = distance_ls_p(a.p1, a.p2, b.p1);
  r = min(r, distance_ls_p(a.p1, a.p2, b.p2));
  r = min(r, distance_ls_p(b.p1, b.p2, a.p2));
  r = min(r, distance_ls_p(b.p1, b.p2, a.p1));
  return r;
}
Point intersection_ls(Segment a, Segment b) {
  Point ba = b.p2 - b.p1;
  double d1 = abs(cross(ba, a.p1 - b.p1));
  double d2 = abs(cross(ba, a.p2 - b.p1));
  double t = d1 / (d1 + d2);
  return a.p1 + (a.p2 - a.p1) * t;
}
string itos(long long i) {
  ostringstream s;
  s << i;
  return s.str();
}
long long gcd(long long v, long long b) {
  if (v > b) return gcd(b, v);
  if (v == b) return b;
  if (b % v == 0) return v;
  return gcd(v, b % v);
}
double distans(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) {
  double rr = (x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2);
  return sqrt(rr);
}
long long mod;
vector<long long> G[200020];
vector<long long> G2[200020];
long long d[200020];
long long si0[200020], ku[200020], si1[200020];
void dfss1(long long r, long long p, long long dis) {
  for (auto v : G[r])
    if (v != p) {
      dfss1(v, r, dis + 1);
      G2[r].push_back(v);
    }
  d[r] = dis;
}
void dfs(long long r) {
  for (auto v : G2[r]) dfs(v);
  if (d[r] == 0) {
    long long ans = 0;
    for (auto v : G2[r]) ans += ku[v];
    cout << ans << endl;
    exit(0);
  }
  if (d[r] == 1) {
    long long k = 0;
    for (auto v : G2[r]) k += min({ku[v], si0[v], si1[v]});
    ku[r] = k;
    return;
  }
  {
    if (G2[r].size() == 0) {
      ku[r] = 1;
      si0[r] = 1000000007;
      si1[r] = 0;
      return;
    }
    long long k = 1;
    for (auto v : G2[r]) k += min({ku[v], si0[v], si1[v]});
    ku[r] = k;
    long long s0 = 1000000007;
    long long sum = 0;
    for (auto v : G2[r]) sum += min({ku[v], si0[v]});
    for (auto v : G2[r]) s0 = min(s0, sum - min({ku[v], si0[v]}) + ku[v]);
    si0[r] = s0;
    long long s1 = 0;
    for (auto v : G2[r]) s1 += min({ku[v], si0[v]});
    si1[r] = s1;
    return;
  }
}
signed main() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  long long n;
  cin >> n;
  if (n <= 3) {
    cout << 0 << endl;
    return 0;
  }
  for (long long i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
    long long y, yy;
    cin >> y >> yy;
    G[y].push_back(yy);
    G[yy].push_back(y);
  }
  dfss1(1, 1, 0);
  dfs(1);
  return 0;
}
