There are n cities and m roads in Berland. Each road connects a pair of cities. The roads in Berland are one-way.

What is the minimum number of new roads that need to be built to make all the cities reachable from the capital?

New roads will also be one-way.

Input

The first line of input consists of three integers n, m and s (1 ≤ n ≤ 5000, 0 ≤ m ≤ 5000, 1 ≤ s ≤ n) — the number of cities, the number of roads and the index of the capital. Cities are indexed from 1 to n.

The following m lines contain roads: road i is given as a pair of cities u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). For each pair of cities (u, v), there can be at most one road from u to v. Roads in opposite directions between a pair of cities are allowed (i.e. from u to v and from v to u).

Output

Print one integer — the minimum number of extra roads needed to make all the cities reachable from city s. If all the cities are already reachable from s, print 0.

Examples

Input

9 9 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
1 5
5 6
6 1
1 8
9 8
7 1


Output

3


Input

5 4 5
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 1


Output

1

Note

The first example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

For example, you can add roads (6, 4), (7, 9), (1, 7) to make all the cities reachable from s = 1.

The second example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

In this example, you can add any one of the roads (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) to make all the cities reachable from s = 5.
"""Template for Python Competitive Programmers prepared by Mayank Chaudhary """

# to use the print and division function of Python3
from __future__ import division, print_function

"""value of mod"""
MOD = 998244353
mod = 10**9 + 7

"""use resource"""
# import resource
# resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_STACK, [0x100000000, resource.RLIM_INFINITY])

"""for factorial"""

# def prepare_factorial():
#     fact = [1]
#     for i in range(1, 2005):
#         fact.append((fact[-1] * i) % mod)
#     ifact = [0] * 2005
#     ifact[2004] = pow(fact[2004], mod - 2, mod)
#     for i in range(2004, 0, -1):
#         ifact[i - 1] = (i * ifact[i]) % mod
#
#     return fact, ifact

"""uncomment next 4 lines while doing recursion based question"""
import threading
threading.stack_size(1<<27)
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(10000)


"""uncomment modules according to your need"""
# from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right, insort
# import itertools
# from math import floor, ceil, sqrt, degrees, atan, pi, log
# from heapq import heappop, heapify, heappush
# from random import randint as rn
# from Queue import Queue as Q
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque
# from copy import deepcopy
'''
def modinv(n, p):
    return pow(n, p - 2, p)
'''

#
# def ncr(n, r,  fact, ifact):  # for using this uncomment the lines calculating fact and ifact
#     t = (fact[n] * (ifact[r]*ifact[n-r]) % mod)% mod
#     return t



def get_ints(): return map(int, sys.stdin.readline().strip().split())
def get_array(): return list(map(int, sys.stdin.readline().strip().split()))
def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().strip()

"""*****************************************************************************************"""

# def GCD(x, y):
#     while (y):
#         x, y = y, x % y
#     return x

# def lcm(x, y):
#     return (x*y)//(GCD(x, y))

# def get_xor(n):
#     return [n,1,n+1,0][n%4]

# def pow(a, b, d):
#     # print(a, b, d)
#     res = 1
#     while b:
#         if b&1:
#             res = (res%d * a%d)%d
#             b -= 1
#         else:
#             a = (a%d * a%d)%d
#             b>>=1
#
#     return res

""" ********************************************************************************************* """





def main():

    def dfs(node):
        avail[node] = False
        for child in g[node]:
            if avail[child]:
                dfs(child)
        topo.append(node)

    n, m, capital = get_ints()
    g = [[] for i in range(n)]
    for i in range(m):
        u, v = get_ints()
        g[u-1].append(v-1)

    avail = [True]*n
    topo = []

    for index, value in enumerate(avail):
        if value:
            dfs(index)

    avail = [True]*(n+1)
    ans = 0

    dfs(capital - 1)
    for i in reversed(topo):
        if avail[i]:
            ans += 1
            dfs(i)
    print(ans)




""" -------- Python 2 and 3 footer by Pajenegod and c1729 ---------"""

py2 = round(0.5)
if py2:
    from future_builtins import ascii, filter, hex, map, oct, zip

    range = xrange

import os, sys
from io import IOBase, BytesIO

BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(BytesIO):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._file = file
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "w" in file.mode
        self.write = super(FastIO, self).write if self.writable else None

    def _fill(self):
        s = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
        self.seek((self.tell(), self.seek(0, 2), super(FastIO, self).write(s))[0])
        return s

    def read(self):
        while self._fill(): pass
        return super(FastIO, self).read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            s = self._fill();
            self.newlines = s.count(b"\n") + (not s)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return super(FastIO, self).readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.getvalue())
            self.truncate(0), self.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        if py2:
            self.write = self.buffer.write
            self.read = self.buffer.read
            self.readline = self.buffer.readline
        else:
            self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode('ascii'))
            self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode('ascii')
            self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode('ascii')


sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)
input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n')

# sys.stdin = open('input.txt', 'r')
# sys.stdout = open('output.txt', 'w')

""" main function"""

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # main()
    threading.Thread(target=main).start()