You are given an array consisting of n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Initially a_x = 1, all other elements are equal to 0.

You have to perform m operations. During the i-th operation, you choose two indices c and d such that l_i ≤ c, d ≤ r_i, and swap a_c and a_d.

Calculate the number of indices k such that it is possible to choose the operations so that a_k = 1 in the end.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 100) — the number of test cases. Then the description of t testcases follow.

The first line of each test case contains three integers n, x and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^9; 1 ≤ m ≤ 100; 1 ≤ x ≤ n).

Each of next m lines contains the descriptions of the operations; the i-th line contains two integers l_i and r_i (1 ≤ l_i ≤ r_i ≤ n).

Output

For each test case print one integer — the number of indices k such that it is possible to choose the operations so that a_k = 1 in the end.

Example

Input


3
6 4 3
1 6
2 3
5 5
4 1 2
2 4
1 2
3 3 2
2 3
1 2


Output


6
2
3

Note

In the first test case, it is possible to achieve a_k = 1 for every k. To do so, you may use the following operations:

  1. swap a_k and a_4; 
  2. swap a_2 and a_2; 
  3. swap a_5 and a_5. 



In the second test case, only k = 1 and k = 2 are possible answers. To achieve a_1 = 1, you have to swap a_1 and a_1 during the second operation. To achieve a_2 = 1, you have to swap a_1 and a_2 during the second operation.
import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.*;

public class scratch_25 {
    static class Reader {
        static BufferedReader reader;
        static StringTokenizer tokenizer;

        /** call this method to initialize reader for InputStream */
        static void init(InputStream input) {
            reader = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(input) );
            tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("");
        }

        /** get next word */
        static String next() throws IOException {
            while ( ! tokenizer.hasMoreTokens() ) {
                //TODO add check for eof if necessary
                tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(
                        reader.readLine() );
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }

        static int nextInt() throws IOException {
            return Integer.parseInt( next() );
        }

        static double nextDouble() throws IOException {
            return Double.parseDouble( next() );
        }
        static long nextLong() throws IOException{
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }
    }
    static class pair
    {
        long first, second;
        public pair(long first, long second)
        {
            this.first = first;
            this.second = second;
        }
    }
    // To find the power of a prime p in
// factorial N
    static long findPowerOfP(long n, long p)
    {
        long count = 0;
        long r = p;
        while (n>0)
        {
            n/=r;

            // calculating Math.floor(n/r)
            // and adding to the count
            count += n ;

            // increasing the power of p
            // from 1 to 2 to 3 and so on

        }
        return count;
    }

    // returns all the prime factors of k

    // Returns largest power of k that
// divides n!
    static long largestPowerOfK(long n, long k)
    {
        Vector<pair > vec = new Vector<pair>();
        vec = primeFactorsofK(k);
        long ans = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++){
          //  System.out.println("bhosdike");

            // calculating minimum power of all
            // the prime factors of k
            ans = Math.min(ans, findPowerOfP(n,
                    vec.get(i).first) / vec.get(i).second);}

        return ans;
    }
    public static Vector<pair> primeFactorsofK(long n)
    {
        Vector<pair> ans = new Vector<pair>();
        // Print the number of 2s that divide n
        long count=0;
        while (n%2==0)
        {
            count++;
           // System.out.print(2 + " ");
            n /= 2;
        }
        if(count>0){
        ans.add(new pair(2,count));}

        // n must be odd at this point.  So we can
        // skip one element (Note i = i +2)
        for (int i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i+= 2)
        {
            long count1=0;
            // While i divides n, print i and divide n
            while (n%i == 0)
            {
                count1++;
               // System.out.print(i + " ");
                n /= i;
            }
            if(count1>0){
            ans.add(new pair(i,count1));}
        }

        // This condition is to handle the case whien
        // n is a prime number greater than 2
        if(n>2){
            ans.add(new pair(n,1));
        }
//

        return ans;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Reader.init(System.in);
        BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
        int t = Reader.nextInt();
        for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) {
           int n= Reader.nextInt();
           int ind= Reader.nextInt()-1;
           int q= Reader.nextInt();
         //  int arr[]= new int[n];
          // arr[ind]=1;
          int arr1[][]= new int[q][2];
            for (int j = 0; j <q ; j++) {
                arr1[j][0]= Reader.nextInt()-1;
                arr1[j][1]= Reader.nextInt()-1;
            }
            int count=1;
            int str=ind;
            int end= ind;
           // System.out.println("ind="+ind);
            for (int j = 0; j <q ; j++) {
                int str1= arr1[j][0];
                int end1= arr1[j][1];


                 if(str<=str1 && end>=str1 && end1>=end){
                    count+=end1-end;
                    end=end1;
                }
                else if(str1<=str && end1>=end){
                    count+=str-str1+end1-end;
                    str=str1;
                    end=end1;
                }
                else if(str1<=str && end1>=str && end>=end1){
                    count+=str-str1;
                    str=str1;
                }
//                System.out.println("count="+count);
//                System.out.println("str="+str);
//                System.out.println("end="+end);


            }
            System.out.println(count);
           // System.out.println(1000000000==999999999);























            }







            //  long u= (long)999999999989;
            // System.out.println();


        }
//    static boolean isPrime(long n)
//    {
//        // Corner cases
//        if (n <= 1)
//            return false;
//        if (n <= 3)
//            return true;
//
//        // This is checked so that we can skip
//        // middle five numbers in below loop
//        if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0)
//            return false;
//
//        for (int i = 5; i * i <= n; i = i + 6)
//            if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0)
//                return false;
//
//        return true;
//    }



    static void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r)
    {
        // Find sizes of two subarrays to be merged
        int n1 = m - l + 1;
        int n2 = r - m;

        /* Create temp arrays */
        int L[] = new int [n1];
        int R[] = new int [n2];

        /*Copy data to temp arrays*/
        for (int i=0; i<n1; ++i)
            L[i] = arr[l + i];
        for (int j=0; j<n2; ++j)
            R[j] = arr[m + 1+ j];


        /* Merge the temp arrays */

        // Initial indexes of first and second subarrays
        int i = 0, j = 0;

        // Initial index of merged subarry array
        int k = l;
        while (i < n1 && j < n2)
        {
            if (L[i] <= R[j])
            {
                arr[k] = L[i];
                i++;
            }
            else
            {
                arr[k] = R[j];
                j++;
            }
            k++;
        }

        /* Copy remaining elements of L[] if any */
        while (i < n1)
        {
            arr[k] = L[i];
            i++;
            k++;
        }

        /* Copy remaining elements of R[] if any */
        while (j < n2)
        {
            arr[k] = R[j];
            j++;
            k++;
        }
    }

    // Main function that sorts arr[l..r] using
    // merge()
    static void sort(int arr[], int l, int r)
    {
        if (l < r)
        {
            // Find the middle point
            int m = (l+r)/2;

            // Sort first and second halves
            sort(arr, l, m);
            sort(arr , m+1, r);

            // Merge the sorted halves
            merge(arr, l, m, r);
        }
    }
    static boolean ans(int check, long arr[],int n,int med,int k){
        long ans=0;
        for (int i = med; i <n ; i++) {
            if(check>=arr[i]){
                ans+=check-arr[i];
            }
        }
        return ans<=k;




    }

    static long smallestDivisor(long n)
    {
        // if divisible by 2
        if (n % 2 == 0)
            return 2;

        // iterate from 3 to sqrt(n)
        for (int i = 3; (long)i *(long) i <= n; i += 2) {
            if (n % i == 0)
                return i;
        }

        return n;
    }
    static boolean isPrime(long n)
    {
        // Corner cases
        if (n <= 1) return false;
        if (n <= 3) return true;

        // This is checked so that we can skip
        // middle five numbers in below loop
        if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) return false;

        for (long i = 5; i * i <= n; i = i + 6)
            if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0)
                return false;

        return true;
    }
static BigDecimal fd(int mid, double h, double c){
        BigDecimal a = new BigDecimal((h+c)/(2.0));
        BigDecimal b = new BigDecimal((h-c)/(2.0*mid));
        BigDecimal cd = a.add(b);
        return cd;




}
    static   int partition(double arr[],int arr1[],int arr2[], int low, int high)
    {
        double pivot = arr[high];
        int i = (low-1); // index of smaller element
        for (int j=low; j<high; j++)
        {
            // If current element is smaller than the pivot
            if (arr[j] < pivot)
            {
                i++;

                // swap arr[i] and arr[j]
                double temp = arr[i];
                arr[i] = arr[j];
                arr[j] = temp;
                int temp1=arr1[i];
                arr1[i]=arr1[j];
                arr1[j]=temp1;
                int temp2=arr2[i];
                arr2[i]=arr2[j];
                arr2[j]=temp2;

            }
        }

        // swap arr[i+1] and arr[high] (or pivot)
        double temp = arr[i+1];
        arr[i+1] = arr[high];
        arr[high] = temp;
        int temp1= arr1[i+1];
        arr1[i+1]=arr1[high];
        arr1[high]= temp1;
        int temp2= arr2[i+1];
        arr2[i+1]=arr2[high];
        arr2[high]= temp2;

        return i+1;
    }


    /* The main function that implements QuickSort()
      arr[] --> Array to be sorted,
      low  --> Starting index,
      high  --> Ending index */
    static void sort(double arr[],int arr1[],int arr2[], int low, int high)
    {
        if (low < high)
        {
            /* pi is partitioning index, arr[pi] is
              now at right place */
            int pi = partition(arr,arr1,arr2, low, high);

            // Recursively sort elements before
            // partition and after partition
            sort(arr,arr1,arr2, low, pi-1);
            sort(arr,arr1, arr2,pi+1, high);
        }
    }
    static int removeDuplicates(int arr[], int n)
    {
        // Return, if array is empty
        // or contains a single element
        if (n==0 || n==1)
            return n;

        int[] temp = new int[n];

        // Start traversing elements
        int j = 0;
        for (int i=0; i<n-1; i++)
            // If current element is not equal
            // to next element then store that
            // current element
            if (arr[i] != arr[i+1])
                temp[j++] = arr[i];

        // Store the last element as whether
        // it is unique or repeated, it hasn't
        // stored previously
        temp[j++] = arr[n-1];

        // Modify original array
        for (int i=0; i<j; i++)
            arr[i] = temp[i];

        return j;
    }
    static long maxPrimeFactors( long n)
    {
        // Initialize the maximum prime
        // factor variable with the
        // lowest one
        long maxPrime = -1;

        // Print the number of 2s
        // that divide n
        while (n % 2 == 0) {
            maxPrime = 2;

            // equivalent to n /= 2
            n >>= 1;
        }

        // n must be odd at this point,
        // thus skip the even numbers
        // and iterate only for odd
        // integers
        for (int i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i += 2) {
            while (n % i == 0) {
                maxPrime = i;
                n = n / i;
            }
        }

        // This condition is to handle
        // the case when n is a prime
        // number greater than 2
        if (n > 2)
            maxPrime = n;

        return maxPrime;
    }




}