There are n cities and m roads in Berland. Each road connects a pair of cities. The roads in Berland are one-way.

What is the minimum number of new roads that need to be built to make all the cities reachable from the capital?

New roads will also be one-way.

Input

The first line of input consists of three integers n, m and s (1 ≤ n ≤ 5000, 0 ≤ m ≤ 5000, 1 ≤ s ≤ n) — the number of cities, the number of roads and the index of the capital. Cities are indexed from 1 to n.

The following m lines contain roads: road i is given as a pair of cities u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). For each pair of cities (u, v), there can be at most one road from u to v. Roads in opposite directions between a pair of cities are allowed (i.e. from u to v and from v to u).

Output

Print one integer — the minimum number of extra roads needed to make all the cities reachable from city s. If all the cities are already reachable from s, print 0.

Examples

Input

9 9 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
1 5
5 6
6 1
1 8
9 8
7 1


Output

3


Input

5 4 5
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 1


Output

1

Note

The first example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

For example, you can add roads (6, 4), (7, 9), (1, 7) to make all the cities reachable from s = 1.

The second example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

In this example, you can add any one of the roads (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) to make all the cities reachable from s = 5.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Mainn {
	FastReader scn;
	PrintWriter out;
	String INPUT = "";

	class pair implements Comparable<pair> {
		int child, ind;

		pair(int a, int b) {
			child = a;
			ind = b;
		}

		@Override
		public int compareTo(pair o) {
			return o.child - this.child;
		}
	}

	void solve() {
		int n = scn.nextInt(), m = scn.nextInt(), src = scn.nextInt() - 1;
		int[] from = new int[m], to = new int[m];
		for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
			from[i] = scn.nextInt() - 1;
			to[i] = scn.nextInt() - 1;
		}
		int[][] gr = packD(n, from, to);

		boolean[] vis = new boolean[n];
		vis[src] = true;
		int[] inDeg = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			for (int j : gr[i]) {
				if (i == src) {
					dfs(j, gr, vis);
				}
				inDeg[j]++;
			}
		}

		int ans = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (!vis[i] && inDeg[i] == 0) {
				dfs(i, gr, vis);
				ans++;
			}
		}

		ArrayList<pair> list = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (!vis[i]) {
				boolean[] temp = Arrays.copyOf(vis, n);
				int rv = childs(i, gr, temp) + 1;
				list.add(new pair(rv, i));
			}
		}
		Collections.sort(list);

		for (pair u : list) {
			if (!vis[u.ind]) {
				ans++;
				dfs(u.ind, gr, vis);
			}
		}

		out.println(ans);
	}

	int childs(int u, int[][] gr, boolean[] vis) {
		int rv = 0;
		if (!vis[u]) {
			vis[u] = true;
			for (int v : gr[u]) {
				if (!vis[v]) {
					rv += childs(v, gr, vis) + 1;
				}
			}
		}
		return rv;
	}

	void dfs(int u, int[][] gr, boolean[] vis) {
		if (!vis[u]) {
			vis[u] = true;
			for (int v : gr[u]) {
				dfs(v, gr, vis);
			}
		}
	}

	int[][] packD(int n, int[] from, int[] to) {
		int[][] g = new int[n][];
		int[] p = new int[n];
		for (int f : from)
			p[f]++;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			g[i] = new int[p[i]];
		for (int i = 0; i < from.length; i++) {
			g[from[i]][--p[from[i]]] = to[i];
		}
		return g;
	}

	void run() throws Exception {
		boolean oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		scn = new FastReader(oj);
		long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
		solve();
		out.flush();
		if (!oj) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(new Object[] { System.currentTimeMillis() - time + " ms" }));
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		new Mainn().run();
	}

	class FastReader {
		InputStream is;

		public FastReader(boolean onlineJudge) {
			is = onlineJudge ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes());

		}

		byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
		public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;

		int readByte() {
			if (lenbuf == -1)
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			if (ptrbuf >= lenbuf) {
				ptrbuf = 0;
				try {
					lenbuf = is.read(inbuf);
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				if (lenbuf <= 0)
					return -1;
			}
			return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
		}

		boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
			return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126);
		}

		int skip() {
			int b;
			while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b))
				;
			return b;
		}

		double nextDouble() {
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}

		char nextChar() {
			return (char) skip();
		}

		String next() {
			int b = skip();
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			while (!(isSpaceChar(b))) { // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != ' ')
				sb.appendCodePoint(b);
				b = readByte();
			}
			return sb.toString();
		}

		char[] next(int n) {
			char[] buf = new char[n];
			int b = skip(), p = 0;
			while (p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))) {
				buf[p++] = (char) b;
				b = readByte();
			}
			return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
		}

		char[][] nextMatrix(int n, int m) {
			char[][] map = new char[n][];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				map[i] = next(m);
			return map;
		}

		int[] nextArray(int n) {
			int[] a = new int[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				a[i] = nextInt();
			return a;
		}

		long[] nextLongArray(int n) {
			long[] a = new long[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				a[i] = nextInt();
			return a;
		}

		int nextInt() {
			int num = 0, b;
			boolean minus = false;
			while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
				;
			if (b == '-') {
				minus = true;
				b = readByte();
			}

			while (true) {
				if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
					num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
				} else {
					return minus ? -num : num;
				}
				b = readByte();
			}
		}

		long nextLong() {
			long num = 0;
			int b;
			boolean minus = false;
			while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
				;
			if (b == '-') {
				minus = true;
				b = readByte();
			}

			while (true) {
				if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
					num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
				} else {
					return minus ? -num : num;
				}
				b = readByte();
			}
		}

		int[] shuffle(int[] arr) {
			Random r = new Random();
			for (int i = 1, j; i < arr.length; i++) {
				j = r.nextInt(i);
				arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
				arr[j] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
				arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
			}
			return arr;
		}
	}
}