You are given three integers n, d and k.

Your task is to construct an undirected tree on n vertices with diameter d and degree of each vertex at most k, or say that it is impossible.

An undirected tree is a connected undirected graph with n - 1 edges.

Diameter of a tree is the maximum length of a simple path (a path in which each vertex appears at most once) between all pairs of vertices of this tree.

Degree of a vertex is the number of edges incident to this vertex (i.e. for a vertex u it is the number of edges (u, v) that belong to the tree, where v is any other vertex of a tree).

Input

The first line of the input contains three integers n, d and k (1 ≤ n, d, k ≤ 4 ⋅ 10^5).

Output

If there is no tree satisfying the conditions above, print only one word "NO" (without quotes).

Otherwise in the first line print "YES" (without quotes), and then print n - 1 lines describing edges of a tree satisfying the conditions above. Vertices of the tree must be numbered from 1 to n. You can print edges and vertices connected by an edge in any order. If there are multiple answers, print any of them.1

Examples

Input

6 3 3


Output

YES
3 1
4 1
1 2
5 2
2 6


Input

6 2 3


Output

NO


Input

10 4 3


Output

YES
2 9
2 10
10 3
3 1
6 10
8 2
4 3
5 6
6 7


Input

8 5 3


Output

YES
2 5
7 2
3 7
3 1
1 6
8 7
4 3
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.regex.*;
public class Myclass {
		public static ArrayList a[]=new ArrayList[100001];
		static boolean visited[]=new boolean [100001];
		static HashMap<Integer,Integer>hm=new HashMap<>();
		static ArrayList<Integer>ar=new ArrayList<>();
		static void dfs(int n)
		{
			ar.add(n);
			visited[n]=true;
			for(int i=0;i<a[n].size();i++)
			{
				int idx=(int) a[n].get(i);
				if(!visited[idx])
				{
					dfs(idx);
				}
			}
		}
		public static void main(String[] args)
		{
		    InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);
			PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
			int n=in.nextInt();
			int m=in.nextInt();
			int d=in.nextInt();
			Vector<pair>ans=new Vector<>();
			int degree[]=new int[n+1];
			int dis[]=new int[n+1];
			PriorityQueue<pair>pq=new PriorityQueue<>();
			if(m==1)
			{
				if(n==2)
				{
					pw.println("YES");
					pw.println("1 2");
				}
				else
				{
					pw.println("NO");
				}
			}
			else
			{
				boolean chk=true;
				if((m>n-1))
					chk=false;
				dis[1]=m;
				pq.add(new pair(dis[1],1));
				for(int i=2;i<=m+1 && chk;i++)
				{
					degree[i]++;
					degree[i-1]++;
					if(degree[i]>d || degree[i-1]>d)
					{
						chk=false;
						break;
					}
					ans.add(new pair(i,i-1));
					dis[i]=Math.max((m+1)-i, i-1);
					pq.add(new pair(dis[i],i));
				}
				//pw.println(Arrays.toString(dis));
				int k=m+2;
				while(k<=n && !pq.isEmpty() && chk)
				{
					pair p=pq.poll();
					while(degree[p.y]<d && p.x<m)
					{
						ans.add(new pair(p.y,k));
						degree[k]++;
						dis[k]=p.x+1;
						pq.add(new pair(dis[k],k));
						k++;
						if(k>n)
							break;
						degree[p.y]++;
					}
				}
				if(k<n+1)
				{
					chk=false;
				}
				if(chk)
				{
					pw.println("YES");
					for(int i=0;i<ans.size();i++)
					{
						pw.println(ans.get(i));
					}
				}
				else
					pw.println("NO");
			}
			pw.flush();
			pw.close();
		}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	

		static class InputReader 
		{
		private final InputStream stream;
		private final byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
		private int curChar, snumChars;
		private SpaceCharFilter filter;

		public InputReader(InputStream stream) 
		{
			this.stream = stream;
		}
		public int snext() 
		{
			if (snumChars == -1)
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			if (curChar >= snumChars) 
			{
				curChar = 0;
				try 
				{
					snumChars = stream.read(buf);
				} 
				catch (IOException e) 
				{
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				if (snumChars <= 0)
					return -1;
			}
			return buf[curChar++];
		}

		public int nextInt() 
	    {
			int c = snext();
			while (isSpaceChar(c)) 
			{
				c = snext();
			}
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-')
		    {
				sgn = -1;
				c = snext();
			}
			int res = 0;
			do 
			{
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = snext();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public long nextLong()
	    {
			int c = snext();
			while (isSpaceChar(c)) 
			{
				c = snext();
			}
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') 
			{
				sgn = -1;
				c = snext();
			}
			long res = 0;
			do 
			{
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = snext();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public int[] nextIntArray(int n) 
		{
			int a[] = new int[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
			{
				a[i] = nextInt();
			}
			return a;
		}
		static class tri implements Comparable<tri> {
			int p, c, l;

			tri(int p, int c, int l) {
				this.p = p;
				this.c = c;
				this.l = l;
			}

			public int compareTo(tri o) {
				return Integer.compare(l, o.l);
			}
		}

		public String readString()
	    {
			int c = snext();
			while (isSpaceChar(c)) 
			{
				c = snext();
			}
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			do 
			{
				res.appendCodePoint(c);
				c = snext();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res.toString();
		}

		public String nextLine() 
		{
			int c = snext();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = snext();
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			do 
			{
				res.appendCodePoint(c);
				c = snext();
			} while (!isEndOfLine(c));
			return res.toString();
		}

		public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) 
		{
			if (filter != null)
				return filter.isSpaceChar(c);
			return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
		}

		private boolean isEndOfLine(int c) 
		{
			return c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == -1;
		}

		public interface SpaceCharFilter
	    {
			public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);
		}
	}
		public static long mod = 1000000007;
		public static int d;
		public static int p;
		public static int q;
		
		public static int[] suffle(int[] a,Random gen)
		{
			int n = a.length;
			for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
			{
				int ind = gen.nextInt(n-i)+i;
				int temp = a[ind];
				a[ind] = a[i];
				a[i] = temp;
			}
			return a;
		}
		
		public static void swap(int a, int b){
			int temp = a;
			a = b;
			b = temp;
		}
		
		public static HashSet<Integer> primeFactorization(int n)
		{
			HashSet<Integer> a =new HashSet<Integer>();
			for(int i=2;i*i<=n;i++)
			{
				while(n%i==0)
				{
					a.add(i);
					n/=i;
				}
			}
			if(n!=1)
				a.add(n);
			return a;
		}
		
		public static void sieve(boolean[] isPrime,int n)
		{
			for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
				isPrime[i] = true;
			
			isPrime[0] = false;
			isPrime[1] = false;
			
			for(int i=2;i*i<n;i++)
			{
				if(isPrime[i] == true)
				{
					for(int j=(2*i);j<n;j+=i)
						isPrime[j] = false;
				}
			}
		}
		
		public static int GCD(int a,int b)
		{
			if(b==0)
				return a;
			else
				return GCD(b,a%b);
		}
		
		public static long GCD(long a,long b)
		{
			if(b==0)
				return a;
			else
				return GCD(b,a%b);
		}
		
		public static void extendedEuclid(int A,int B)
		{
			if(B==0)
			{
				d = A;
				p = 1 ;
				q = 0;
			}
			else
			{
				extendedEuclid(B, A%B);
				int temp = p;
				p = q;
				q = temp - (A/B)*q;
			}
		}
		
		public static long LCM(long a,long b)
		{
			return (a*b)/GCD(a,b);
		}
		
		public static int LCM(int a,int b)
		{
			return (a*b)/GCD(a,b);
		}
		
		public static int binaryExponentiation(int x,int n)
		{
		    int result=1;
		    while(n>0)
		    {
		        if(n % 2 ==1)
		            result=result * x;
		        x=x*x;
		        n=n/2;
		    }
		    return result;
		}
		
		public static long binaryExponentiation(long x,long n)
		{
		    long result=1;
		    while(n>0)
		    {
		        if(n % 2 ==1)
		            result=result * x;
		        x=x*x;
		        n=n/2;
		    }
		    return result;
		}
		
		public static int modularExponentiation(int x,int n,int M)
		{
		    int result=1;
		    while(n>0)
		    {
		        if(n % 2 ==1)
		            result=(result * x)%M;
		        x=(x*x)%M;
		        n=n/2;
		    }
		    return result;
		}
		
		public static long modularExponentiation(long x,long n,long M)
		{
		    long result=1;
		    while(n>0)
		    {
		        if(n % 2 ==1)
		            result=(result * x)%M;
		        x=(x*x)%M;
		        n=n/2;
		    }
		    return result;
		}
		
		public static long modInverse(int A,int M)
		{
		    return modularExponentiation(A,M-2,M);
		}
		
		public static long modInverse(long A,long M)
		{
		    return modularExponentiation(A,M-2,M);
		}
		
		public static boolean isPrime(int n)
		{
		    
		    if (n <= 1)  return false;
		    if (n <= 3)  return true;
		    
		    if (n%2 == 0 || n%3 == 0) 
		    	return false;
		 
		    for (int i=5; i*i<=n; i=i+6)
		    {
		        if (n%i == 0 || n%(i+2) == 0)
		           return false;
		    }
		    
		    return true;
		}
		
		 public static long[] shuffle(long[] a, Random gen){ 
		        for(int i = 0, n = a.length;i < n;i++){ 
		            int ind = gen.nextInt(n-i)+i; 
		            long d = a[i]; 
		            a[i] = a[ind]; 
		            a[ind] = d; 
		        } 
		        return a; 
		    }
		static class pair implements Comparable<pair>
		{
			Integer x;
			Integer y;
			pair(int a,int m)
			{
				this.x=a;
				this.y=m;
			}
			

			


		public boolean isEmpty() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				return false;
			}





		public int compareTo(pair o) {
				int result = x.compareTo(o.x);
				if(result==0)
					result = y.compareTo(o.y);
				
			return result;
			}  
			
			public String toString()
			{
				return x+" "+y;
			}
			
			public boolean equals(Object o)
			{
				if (o instanceof pair)
			    {
					pair p = (pair)o;
					return p.x == x && p.y == y ;
				}
				return false;
			}
			
			public int hashCode()
			{
				return new Long(x).hashCode()*31 + new Long(y).hashCode();
			}
		}
}