There are n cities and m roads in Berland. Each road connects a pair of cities. The roads in Berland are one-way.

What is the minimum number of new roads that need to be built to make all the cities reachable from the capital?

New roads will also be one-way.

Input

The first line of input consists of three integers n, m and s (1 ≤ n ≤ 5000, 0 ≤ m ≤ 5000, 1 ≤ s ≤ n) — the number of cities, the number of roads and the index of the capital. Cities are indexed from 1 to n.

The following m lines contain roads: road i is given as a pair of cities u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). For each pair of cities (u, v), there can be at most one road from u to v. Roads in opposite directions between a pair of cities are allowed (i.e. from u to v and from v to u).

Output

Print one integer — the minimum number of extra roads needed to make all the cities reachable from city s. If all the cities are already reachable from s, print 0.

Examples

Input

9 9 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
1 5
5 6
6 1
1 8
9 8
7 1


Output

3


Input

5 4 5
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 1


Output

1

Note

The first example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

For example, you can add roads (6, 4), (7, 9), (1, 7) to make all the cities reachable from s = 1.

The second example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

In this example, you can add any one of the roads (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) to make all the cities reachable from s = 5.
import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

public class Main
{  
   static long mod=(long)(1e+9) + 7;  
   static int[] sieve;static int ans=0;
   static ArrayList<Integer> primes;
   static int visited[];
   static int indegree[];
   static LinkedList<Integer> stack;
   static HashSet<Integer> v;
   static int[] components;static int k=1;
   static ArrayList<Integer>[] graph_temp;
   
   public static void dfs(ArrayList<Integer>[] graph,int start)
   {
	   if(visited[start]==1) return;
	   visited[start]=1;

	   for(int i=0;i<graph[start].size();i++)
		   dfs(graph,graph[start].get(i));
	   stack.add(start);
   }
   
   public static void kosaraju(ArrayList<Integer>[] graph,int start)
   {
	   if(v.contains(start)) return;
	   v.add(start);
       components[start]=k;
	   for(int i=0;i<graph[start].size();i++)
		   kosaraju(graph,graph[start].get(i));
   }
   
   public static void main(String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
   {	  	
	     fast s = new fast();
	     PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(System.out);
	     Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
	     StringBuilder fans = new StringBuilder();      

	     int n=s.nextInt();
	     int m=s.nextInt();
	     int start=s.nextInt();
	     
	     ArrayList<Integer> graph[]=new ArrayList[n+1];
	     ArrayList<Integer> graph_rev[]=new ArrayList[n+1];

	     components=new int[n+1];	     
	     indegree=new int[n+1];
	     visited=new int[n+1];
         stack=new LinkedList<Integer>();
         v=new HashSet<Integer>();
         
	     for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) 
	     {
	    	 graph[i]=new ArrayList<Integer>();
	    	 graph_rev[i]=new ArrayList<Integer>();
	     }
	     
	     for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
	     {
	    	 int x=s.nextInt();
	    	 int y=s.nextInt();
	    	 graph[x].add(y);
	    	 graph_rev[y].add(x);
	     }

	     for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	     {
	    	 if(visited[i]==0)	    	 
	    		 dfs(graph,i);
	     }

	     while(!stack.isEmpty())
	     {
	    	 int x=stack.pollLast();
	    	 if(v.contains(x)) continue;
	    	 kosaraju(graph_rev,x);
	    	 k++;
	     }
	     
	     int roads=0;

	     for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	     {
	    	 for(int j=0;j<graph[i].size();j++)
	    	 {
	    		 if(components[i]!=components[graph[i].get(j)])
                    indegree[components[graph[i].get(j)]]++;
	    	 }
	     }
	     
	     int x=components[start];
	
	     for(int i=1;i<k;i++)
	     {
	    	 if(indegree[i]==0 && i!=x) roads++;
	     }
	     
	     System.out.println(roads);
	     
   }
   
 
   static class fast {   
		private InputStream i;
		private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
		private int curChar;
		private int numChars;
		
		public static boolean next_permutation(int a[])
		   {
			   int i=0,j=0;int index=-1;	   
			   int n=a.length;
			   
			   for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
				   if(a[i]<a[i+1]) index=i;
			   
			   if(index==-1) return false;
			   i=index;

			  
			   for(j=i+1;j<n && a[i]<a[j];j++);

			   int temp=a[i];
			   a[i]=a[j-1];
			   a[j-1]=temp;
			   	   
			   for(int p=i+1,q=n-1;p<q;p++,q--)
			   {
				   temp=a[p];
				   a[p]=a[q];
				   a[q]=temp;
			   }
			   
			   return true;
		   }
		   
		   
		public static void division(char ch[],int divisor)
		   {
			   int div=Character.getNumericValue(ch[0]); int mul=10;int remainder=0;
			   StringBuilder quotient=new StringBuilder("");
			   for(int i=1;i<ch.length;i++)
			   {
				   div=div*mul+Character.getNumericValue(ch[i]);	
				   if(div<divisor) {quotient.append("0");continue;}
				   quotient.append(div/divisor);
				   div=div%divisor;mul=10;
				   
			   } 
			   remainder=div;
			   while(quotient.charAt(0)=='0')quotient.deleteCharAt(0);	   
			   System.out.println(quotient+" "+remainder);	  
		   }
		
		public static void sieve(int size)
		{
			sieve=new int[size+1];
			primes=new ArrayList<Integer>();
			sieve[1]=1;
			for(int i=2;i<=Math.sqrt(size);i++)
			{
				if(sieve[i]==0)
				 {
					for(int j=i*i;j<size;j+=i) sieve[j]=1;
				 }
			}
			
			for(int i=2;i<=size;i++)
			{
				if(sieve[i]==0) primes.add(i);
			}
		}
		public static long pow(long n, long b, long MOD)
		   {
		       long x=1;long y=n; 
		       while(b > 0)
		       {
		           if(b%2 == 1)
		           {
		               x=x*y;
		               if(x>MOD) x=x%(MOD);
		           }
		           y = y*y;
		           if(y>MOD) y=y%(MOD); 
		           b >>= 1;
		       }
		       return x;
		   }

		
		 public static int upper(Integer[] a,int start,int end,int key)
		 {
			   int mid=(start+end)>>1;
			   if(start==end && a[mid]<key) {return -1;}
			   if(start>end) return -1;

			   if(a[mid]>=key && (((mid-1)>=0 && a[mid-1]<key) || (mid-1)==0)) return mid;
			   else if(a[mid]== key && (mid-1)>=0 && a[mid-1]==key) return lower(a,start,mid-1,key);   
			   else if(key>a[mid]) return lower(a,mid+1,end,key);
			   else return lower(a,start,mid-1,key);
		}
		 
		 public static int lower(Integer a[],int start,int end,int key)
		 {
			   int mid=(start+end)>>1;
			   if(start==end && a[mid]>key) {return -1;}
			   if(start>end) return -1;

			   if(a[mid]<=key && (((mid+1)<a.length && a[mid+1]>key) || (mid+1)==a.length)) return mid;
			   else if(a[mid]== key && (mid+1)<a.length && a[mid+1]==key) return upper(a,mid+1,end,key);   
			   else if(key>=a[mid]) return upper(a,mid+1,end,key);
			   else return upper(a,start,mid-1,key);
		} 
		   
		public int gcd(int a,int b)
		{
			if(a==0) return b;
			return gcd(b%a,a);
		}
		public fast() {
			this(System.in);
		}
		public fast(InputStream is) {
			i = is;
		}
		public int read() {
			if (numChars == -1)
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			if (curChar >= numChars) {
				curChar = 0;
				try {
					numChars = i.read(buf);
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				if (numChars <= 0)
					return -1;
			}
			return buf[curChar++];
		}
		public String nextLine() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			do {
				res.appendCodePoint(c);
				c = read();
			} while (!isEndOfLine(c));
			return res.toString();
		}
		public String nextString() {
     		int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			do {
				res.appendCodePoint(c);
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res.toString();
		}
		public long nextLong() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			long res = 0;
			do {
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}
		public int nextInt() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			int res = 0;
			do {
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}
		public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
			return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
		}
		public boolean isEndOfLine(int c) {
			return c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == -1;
		}

	}	
}
       
 
   
 



