There are n cities and m roads in Berland. Each road connects a pair of cities. The roads in Berland are one-way.

What is the minimum number of new roads that need to be built to make all the cities reachable from the capital?

New roads will also be one-way.

Input

The first line of input consists of three integers n, m and s (1 ≤ n ≤ 5000, 0 ≤ m ≤ 5000, 1 ≤ s ≤ n) — the number of cities, the number of roads and the index of the capital. Cities are indexed from 1 to n.

The following m lines contain roads: road i is given as a pair of cities u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). For each pair of cities (u, v), there can be at most one road from u to v. Roads in opposite directions between a pair of cities are allowed (i.e. from u to v and from v to u).

Output

Print one integer — the minimum number of extra roads needed to make all the cities reachable from city s. If all the cities are already reachable from s, print 0.

Examples

Input

9 9 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
1 5
5 6
6 1
1 8
9 8
7 1


Output

3


Input

5 4 5
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 1


Output

1

Note

The first example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

For example, you can add roads (6, 4), (7, 9), (1, 7) to make all the cities reachable from s = 1.

The second example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

In this example, you can add any one of the roads (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) to make all the cities reachable from s = 5.

//package que_b;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.math.*;

public class utkarsh {

    InputStream is;
    PrintWriter out;
    
    long mod = (long) (1e9 + 7);
    boolean SHOW_TIME;
    
    ArrayList <Integer> a[];
    boolean vst[];
    
    void dfs(int s) {
        vst[s] = true;
        for(int x : a[s]) if(!vst[x])   dfs(x);
    }
    
    HashSet <Integer> h = new HashSet<>();
    boolean dp[];
    
    void play(int s) {
        vst[s] = true;
        dp[s] = true;
        for(int x : a[s]) {
            if(h.contains(x)) {
                h.remove(x);
            }
            if(!dp[x]) play(x);
        }
    }
    
    void solve() {
        //Enter code here utkarsh
        //SHOW_TIME = true;
        int n = ni(), m = ni(), s = ni() - 1;
        a = new ArrayList[n];
        vst = new boolean[n];
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            a[ni() - 1].add(ni() - 1);
        }
        dfs(s);
        dp = new boolean[n];
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if(!vst[i]) {
                Arrays.fill(dp, false);
                play(i);    h.add(i);
            }
        }
        out.println(h.size());
    }

    //---------- I/O Template ----------
    
    public static void main(String[] args) { new utkarsh().run(); }
    void run() { 
        is = System.in; 
        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); 
        solve(); 
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if(SHOW_TIME) out.println("\n" + (end - start) + " ms");
        out.flush();
    }
    
    byte input[] = new byte[1024];
    int len = 0, ptr = 0;
    
    int readByte() { 
        if(ptr >= len) { ptr = 0; 
            try { len = is.read(input); } 
            catch(IOException e) { throw new InputMismatchException(); } 
            if(len <= 0) { return -1; } 
        } return input[ptr++];
    }
    boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !( c >= 33 && c <= 126 ); }
    int skip() { 
        int b = readByte(); 
        while(b != -1 && isSpaceChar(b)) { b = readByte(); } 
        return b;
    }
    
    char nc() { return (char)skip(); }
    String ns() { 
        int b = skip(); 
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); 
        while(!isSpaceChar(b)) { sb.appendCodePoint(b); b = readByte(); } 
        return sb.toString();
    }
    String nLine() { 
        int b = skip(); 
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); 
        while( !(isSpaceChar(b) && b != ' ') ) { sb.appendCodePoint(b); b = readByte(); } 
        return sb.toString();
    }
    int ni() { 
        int n = 0, b = readByte(); 
        boolean minus = false; 
        while(b != -1 && !( (b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')) { b = readByte(); } 
        if(b == '-') { minus = true; b = readByte(); } 
        if(b == -1) { return -1; }  //no input 
        while(b >= '0' && b <= '9') { n = n * 10 + (b - '0'); b = readByte(); } 
        return minus ? -n : n;
    }
    long nl() { 
        long n = 0L;    int b = readByte(); 
        boolean minus = false; 
        while(b != -1 && !( (b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')) { b = readByte(); } 
        if(b == '-') { minus = true; b = readByte(); } 
        while(b >= '0' && b <= '9') { n = n * 10 + (b - '0'); b = readByte(); } 
        return minus ? -n : n;
    }

    double nd() { return Double.parseDouble(ns()); }
    float nf() { return Float.parseFloat(ns()); }
    int[] na(int n) { 
        int a[] = new int[n]; 
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { a[i] = ni(); } 
        return a;
    }
    char[] ns(int n) { 
        char c[] = new char[n]; 
        int i, b = skip(); 
        for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
            if(isSpaceChar(b)) { break; } 
            c[i] = (char)b; b = readByte(); 
        } return i == n ? c : Arrays.copyOf(c,i);
    }
}