Ayoub thinks that he is a very smart person, so he created a function f(s), where s is a binary string (a string which contains only symbols "0" and "1"). The function f(s) is equal to the number of substrings in the string s that contains at least one symbol, that is equal to "1".

More formally, f(s) is equal to the number of pairs of integers (l, r), such that 1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ |s| (where |s| is equal to the length of string s), such that at least one of the symbols s_l, s_{l+1}, …, s_r is equal to "1". 

For example, if s = "01010" then f(s) = 12, because there are 12 such pairs (l, r): (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 4), (4, 5).

Ayoub also thinks that he is smarter than Mahmoud so he gave him two integers n and m and asked him this problem. For all binary strings s of length n which contains exactly m symbols equal to "1", find the maximum value of f(s).

Mahmoud couldn't solve the problem so he asked you for help. Can you help him? 

Input

The input consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^5) — the number of test cases. The description of the test cases follows.

The only line for each test case contains two integers n, m (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^{9}, 0 ≤ m ≤ n) — the length of the string and the number of symbols equal to "1" in it.

Output

For every test case print one integer number — the maximum value of f(s) over all strings s of length n, which has exactly m symbols, equal to "1".

Example

Input


5
3 1
3 2
3 3
4 0
5 2


Output


4
5
6
0
12

Note

In the first test case, there exists only 3 strings of length 3, which has exactly 1 symbol, equal to "1". These strings are: s_1 = "100", s_2 = "010", s_3 = "001". The values of f for them are: f(s_1) = 3, f(s_2) = 4, f(s_3) = 3, so the maximum value is 4 and the answer is 4.

In the second test case, the string s with the maximum value is "101".

In the third test case, the string s with the maximum value is "111".

In the fourth test case, the only string s of length 4, which has exactly 0 symbols, equal to "1" is "0000" and the value of f for that string is 0, so the answer is 0.

In the fifth test case, the string s with the maximum value is "01010" and it is described as an example in the problem statement.
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;  
public class Main 
{
/*
    HashMap<> map=new HashMap<>();
    TreeMap<> map=new TreeMap<>();
    map.put(p,map.getOrDefault(p,0)+1);
    for(Map.Entry<> mx:map.entrySet()){
          int v=mx.getValue(),k=mx.getKey();
    }for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++)
    fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % mod;
    ArrayList<Pair<Character,Integer>> l=new ArrayList<>();
    ArrayList<> l=new ArrayList<>();
    HashSet<> has=new HashSet<>();*/ 
    PrintWriter out;
    FastReader sc;
    long mod=(long)(1e9+7);
    int maxint= Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    int minint= Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    long maxlong=Long.MAX_VALUE;
    long minlong=Long.MIN_VALUE;
    
    
    /******************************************************************************************
     *****************************************************************************************/
    public void sol(){
          long n=ni(),k=ni();
          long p=n-k;
          long ans=(n*(n+1)/2);
          if(p==0){
                pl(ans);
                return;
          }long v=p;
          p=p/(k+1);
          long q=v%(k+1);
          long x=k+1-q;
          ans-=((x*(p*(p+1))/2)+(q*(p+1)*(p+2))/2);
          pl(ans);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) 
	{ 
	      Main g=new Main();
		g.out=new PrintWriter(System.out);
		g.sc=new FastReader();
		int t=g.ni();
		while(t-->0)
		g.sol();
		g.out.flush();
	}
	
	
	/****************************************************************************************
     *****************************************************************************************/
	static class FastReader 
	{ 
		BufferedReader br; 
		StringTokenizer st; 
 
		public FastReader() 
		{ 
			br = new BufferedReader(new
					InputStreamReader(System.in)); 
		} 
 
		String next() 
		{ 
			while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) 
			{ 
				try
				{ 
					st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine()); 
				} 
				catch (IOException e) 
				{ 
					e.printStackTrace(); 
				} 
			} 
			return st.nextToken(); 
		} 
 
		int nextInt() 
		{ 
			return Integer.parseInt(next()); 
		} 
 
		long nextLong() 
		{ 
			return Long.parseLong(next()); 
		} 
 
		double nextDouble() 
		{ 
			return Double.parseDouble(next()); 
		} 
 
		String nextLine() 
		{ 
			String str = ""; 
			try
			{ 
				str = br.readLine(); 
			} 
			catch (IOException e) 
			{ 
				e.printStackTrace(); 
			} 
			return str; 
		} 
	} public int ni(){
	      return sc.nextInt();
	}public long nl(){
	      return sc.nextLong();
	}public double nd(){
	      return sc.nextDouble();
	}public char[] rl(){
	      return sc.nextLine().toCharArray();
	}public String rl1(){
	      return sc.nextLine();
	}
	public void pl(Object s){
	      out.println(s);
	}public void ex(){
	      out.println();
	}
	public void pr(Object s){
	      out.print(s);
	}public String next(){
	      return sc.next();
	}public long abs(long x){
	      return Math.abs(x);
	}
	public int abs(int x){
	      return Math.abs(x);
	}
	public double abs(double x){
	      return Math.abs(x);
	}
      public long pow(long x,long y){
            return (long)Math.pow(x,y);
      }
      public int pow(int x,int y){
            return (int)Math.pow(x,y);
      }
      public double pow(double x,double y){
            return Math.pow(x,y);
      }public long min(long x,long y){
            return (long)Math.min(x,y);
      }
      public int min(int x,int y){
            return (int)Math.min(x,y);
      }
      public double min(double x,double y){
            return Math.min(x,y);
      }public long gcd(long a, long b) {
		if (a == 0)
			return b;
		return gcd(b % a, a);
	}public long lcm(long a, long b) {
            return (a / gcd(a, b)) * b;
      }
       void sort1(int[] a) {
		ArrayList<Integer> l = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i : a) {
			l.add(i);
		}
		Collections.sort(l,Collections.reverseOrder());
		for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
			a[i] = l.get(i);
		}
	}
	 void sort(int[] a) {
		ArrayList<Integer> l = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i : a) {
			l.add(i);
		}
		Collections.sort(l);
		for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
			a[i] = l.get(i);
		}
	}void sort(long[] a) {
		ArrayList<Long> l = new ArrayList<>();
		for (long i : a) {
			l.add(i);
		}
		Collections.sort(l);
		for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
			a[i] = l.get(i);
		}
	}void sort1(long[] a) {
		ArrayList<Long> l = new ArrayList<>();
		for (long i : a) {
			l.add(i);
		}
		Collections.sort(l,Collections.reverseOrder());
		for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
			a[i] = l.get(i);
		}
	}
	void sort(double[] a) {
		ArrayList<Double> l = new ArrayList<>();
		for (double i : a) {
			l.add(i);
		}
		Collections.sort(l);
		for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
			a[i] = l.get(i);
		}
	}int  swap(int a,int b){
	      return a;
	}long  swap(long a,long b){
	      return a;
	}double  swap(double a,double b){
	      return a;
	}
	boolean isPowerOfTwo (int x) 
      { 
            return x!=0 && ((x&(x-1)) == 0);     
      }boolean isPowerOfTwo (long x) 
      { 
            return x!=0 && ((x&(x-1)) == 0);     
      }public long max(long x,long y){
            return (long)Math.max(x,y);
      }
      public int max(int x,int y){
            return (int)Math.max(x,y);
      }
      public double max(double x,double y){
            return Math.max(x,y);
      }long sqrt(long x){
            return (long)Math.sqrt(x);
      }int sqrt(int x){
            return (int)Math.sqrt(x);
      }void input(int[] ar,int n){
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++)ar[i]=ni();
      }void input(long[] ar,int n){
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++)ar[i]=nl();
      }void fill(int[] ar,int k){
            Arrays.fill(ar,k);
      }void yes(){
            pl("YES");
      }void no(){
            pl("NO");
      }
    int[] sieve(int n) 
    { 
        boolean prime[] = new boolean[n+1]; 
        int[] k=new int[n+1];
        for(int i=0;i<=n;i++) {
            prime[i] = true; 
            k[i]=i;
        }
          
        for(int p = 2; p <=n; p++) 
        { 
            if(prime[p] == true) 
            { 
               // sieve[p]=p;
                for(int i = p*2; i <= n; i += p) {
                    prime[i] = false; 
                  //  sieve[i]=p;
                    while(k[i]%(p*p)==0){
                          k[i]/=(p*p);
                    }
                }
            } 
        }return k;
    }
    int strSmall(int[] arr, int target)  
    {  
        int start = 0, end = arr.length-1;  
        int ans = -1;  
        while (start <= end) {  
            int mid = (start + end) / 2;   
            if (arr[mid] >= target) {  
                end = mid - 1;  
            }   
            else {  
                ans = mid;  
                start = mid + 1;  
            }  
        }  
        return ans;  
    } int strSmall(ArrayList<Integer> arr, int target)  
    {  
        int start = 0, end = arr.size()-1;  
        int ans = -1;  
        while (start <= end) {  
            int mid = (start + end) / 2;   
            if (arr.get(mid) > target) {  
                start = mid + 1; 
                ans=start;
            }   
            else {
                end = mid - 1;  
            }  
        }  
        return ans;  
    }long mMultiplication(long a,long b) 
    { 
        long res = 0;    
        a %= mod; 
  
        while (b > 0)  
        {  
            if ((b & 1) > 0)  
            { 
                res = (res + a) % mod; 
            }  
            a = (2 * a) % mod; 
  
            b >>= 1;  
        } 
        return res; 
    }long nCr(int n, int r,
                             long p)
    {
 
          if (n<r) 
              return 0;
        if (r == 0)
            return 1;
            long[] fac = new long[n + 1];
        fac[0] = 1;
 
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
            fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % p;
        return (fac[n] * modInverse(fac[r], p)
                % p * modInverse(fac[n - r], p)
                % p)
            % p;
    }long power(long x, long y, long p)
    {
        long res = 1;
        x = x % p;
 
        while (y > 0) {
            if (y % 2 == 1)
                res = (res * x) % p;
            y = y >> 1; 
            x = (x * x) % p;
        }
 
        return res;
    }long modInverse(long n, long p)
    {
        return power(n, p - 2, p);
    }
      public static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
		int x;
		int y;
 
		public Pair(int x, int y) {
			this.x = x;
			this.y = y;
		}
 
		public String toString() {
			return x + "," + y;
		}
 
		public boolean equals(Object o) {
			if (o instanceof Pair) {
				Pair p = (Pair) o;
				return p.x == x && p.y == y;
			}
			return false;
		}
 
		public int hashCode() {
			return new Double(x).hashCode() * 31 + new Double(y).hashCode();
		}
 
		public int compareTo(Pair other) {
			if (this.x == other.x) {
				return Long.compare(this.y, other.y);
			}
			return Long.compare(this.x, other.x);
		}
      }
	 
} 