There are n cities and m roads in Berland. Each road connects a pair of cities. The roads in Berland are one-way.

What is the minimum number of new roads that need to be built to make all the cities reachable from the capital?

New roads will also be one-way.

Input

The first line of input consists of three integers n, m and s (1 ≤ n ≤ 5000, 0 ≤ m ≤ 5000, 1 ≤ s ≤ n) — the number of cities, the number of roads and the index of the capital. Cities are indexed from 1 to n.

The following m lines contain roads: road i is given as a pair of cities u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). For each pair of cities (u, v), there can be at most one road from u to v. Roads in opposite directions between a pair of cities are allowed (i.e. from u to v and from v to u).

Output

Print one integer — the minimum number of extra roads needed to make all the cities reachable from city s. If all the cities are already reachable from s, print 0.

Examples

Input

9 9 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
1 5
5 6
6 1
1 8
9 8
7 1


Output

3


Input

5 4 5
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 1


Output

1

Note

The first example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

For example, you can add roads (6, 4), (7, 9), (1, 7) to make all the cities reachable from s = 1.

The second example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

In this example, you can add any one of the roads (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) to make all the cities reachable from s = 5.
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 *
 * @author Darshan
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InputStream inputStream = System.in;
        OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
        InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
        TaskE solver = new TaskE();
        solver.solve(1, in, out);
        out.close();
    }

    static class TaskE {
        boolean[] vis;
        ArrayList<Integer> track;

        public void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, PrintWriter out) {
            int n, m, s;
            n = in.nextInt();
            m = in.nextInt();
            s = in.nextInt() - 1;
            vis = new boolean[n];
            track = new ArrayList<>();
            vertex[] ver = new vertex[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                ver[i] = new vertex();
            for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
                int u, v;
                u = in.nextInt();
                v = in.nextInt();
                ver[u - 1].adj.add(v - 1);
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

                if (!vis[i]) {

                    dfs(i, ver, 0);
                }

            }
            long ans = 0;
            vis = new boolean[n];
            dfs(s, ver, 1);
            for (int i = track.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                int id = track.get(i);
                if (!vis[id]) {
                    ans++;
                    dfs(id, ver, 1);
                }
            }
            out.println(ans);

        }

        private void dfs(int i, vertex[] ver, int t) {
            vis[i] = true;
            for (int j = 0; j < ver[i].adj.size(); j++) {
                if (!vis[ver[i].adj.get(j)]) {
                    dfs(ver[i].adj.get(j), ver, t);
                }
            }
            if (t == 0)
                track.add(i);
        }

        class vertex {
            ArrayList<Integer> adj = new ArrayList<>();

        }

    }

    static class InputReader {
        private InputStream stream;
        private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        private int curChar;
        private int numChars;
        private InputReader.SpaceCharFilter filter;

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            this.stream = stream;
        }

        public int read() {
            if (numChars == -1)
                throw new InputMismatchException();

            if (curChar >= numChars) {
                curChar = 0;
                try {
                    numChars = stream.read(buf);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }

                if (numChars <= 0)
                    return -1;
            }
            return buf[curChar++];
        }

        public int nextInt() {
            int c = read();

            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();

            int sgn = 1;

            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }

            int res = 0;
            do {
                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            }
            while (!isSpaceChar(c));

            return res * sgn;
        }

        public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
            if (filter != null)
                return filter.isSpaceChar(c);
            return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
        }

        public interface SpaceCharFilter {
            public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);

        }

    }
}

