There are n cities and m roads in Berland. Each road connects a pair of cities. The roads in Berland are one-way.

What is the minimum number of new roads that need to be built to make all the cities reachable from the capital?

New roads will also be one-way.

Input

The first line of input consists of three integers n, m and s (1 ≤ n ≤ 5000, 0 ≤ m ≤ 5000, 1 ≤ s ≤ n) — the number of cities, the number of roads and the index of the capital. Cities are indexed from 1 to n.

The following m lines contain roads: road i is given as a pair of cities u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). For each pair of cities (u, v), there can be at most one road from u to v. Roads in opposite directions between a pair of cities are allowed (i.e. from u to v and from v to u).

Output

Print one integer — the minimum number of extra roads needed to make all the cities reachable from city s. If all the cities are already reachable from s, print 0.

Examples

Input

9 9 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
1 5
5 6
6 1
1 8
9 8
7 1


Output

3


Input

5 4 5
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 1


Output

1

Note

The first example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

For example, you can add roads (6, 4), (7, 9), (1, 7) to make all the cities reachable from s = 1.

The second example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

In this example, you can add any one of the roads (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) to make all the cities reachable from s = 5.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Main implements Runnable {
    static final int MOD = (int) 1e9 + 7;
    static final int MI = (int) 1e9;
    static final long ML = (long) 1e18;
    static final Reader in = new Reader();
    static final PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
    StringBuilder answer = new StringBuilder();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(null, new Main(), "persefone", 1 << 32).start();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        solve();
        printf();
        flush();
    }

    void solve() {
        int n = in.nextInt();
        int m = in.nextInt();
        int s = in.nextInt() - 1;
        Graph graph = new Graph(n, m);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            graph.addEdge(in.nextInt() - 1, in.nextInt() - 1);
        }

        graph.dfsFromSource(s);
        List<Pair> bad = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (!graph.isGood(i)) {
                graph.resetBad();
                graph.dfsFromBad(i);
                bad.add(new Pair(i, graph.getCnt()));
            }
        }
        bad.sort((b1, b2) -> b2.second - b1.second);
        int ans = 0;
        for (Pair p : bad) {
            if (!graph.isGood(p.first)) {
                graph.dfsFromSource(p.first);
                ans++;
            }
        }
        printf(ans);

    }

    static class Pair {
        private int first, second;

        public Pair(int first, int second) {
            this.first = first;
            this.second = second;
        }
    }

    static class Graph {
        private int vertices, edges;
        private List<Integer>[] adjacencies;
        private boolean[] good;
        private boolean[] bad;
        private int reachableFromBad;

        public Graph(int vertices, int edges) {
            this.vertices = vertices;
            this.edges = edges;
            this.adjacencies = Stream.generate(ArrayList::new).limit(vertices).toArray(List[]::new);
            this.good = new boolean[vertices];
            this.bad = new boolean[vertices];
        }

        public void addEdge(int from, int to) {
            adjacencies[from].add(to);
        }


        public void dfsFromSource(int from) {
            good[from] = true;
            for (int to : adjacencies[from]) {
                if (!good[to]) {
                    dfsFromSource(to);
                }
            }
        }

        public void dfsFromBad(int from) {
            bad[from] = true;
            reachableFromBad++;
            for (int to : adjacencies[from]) {
                if (!good[to] && !bad[to]) {
                    dfsFromBad(to);
                }
            }

        }

        public void resetBad() {
            Arrays.fill(bad, false);
            reachableFromBad = 0;
        }

        public boolean isGood(int v) {
            return good[v];
        }

        public int getCnt() {
            return reachableFromBad;
        }
    }

    void printf() {
        out.print(answer);
    }

    void close() {
        out.close();
    }

    void flush() {
        out.flush();
    }

    void printf(Stream<?> str) {
        str.forEach(o -> add(o, " "));
        add("\n");
    }


    void printf(Object... obj) {
        printf(false, obj);
    }

    void printfWithDescription(Object... obj) {
        printf(true, obj);
    }


    private void printf(boolean b, Object... obj) {

        if (obj.length > 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
                if (b) add(obj[i].getClass().getSimpleName(), " - ");
                if (obj[i] instanceof Collection<?>) {
                    printf((Collection<?>) obj[i]);
                } else if (obj[i] instanceof int[][]) {
                    printf((int[][]) obj[i]);
                } else if (obj[i] instanceof long[][]) {
                    printf((long[][]) obj[i]);
                } else if (obj[i] instanceof double[][]) {
                    printf((double[][]) obj[i]);
                } else printf(obj[i]);
            }
            return;
        }

        if (b) add(obj[0].getClass().getSimpleName(), " - ");
        printf(obj[0]);
    }

    void printf(Object o) {
        if (o instanceof int[])
            printf(Arrays.stream((int[]) o).boxed());
        else if (o instanceof char[])
            printf(new String((char[]) o));
        else if (o instanceof long[])
            printf(Arrays.stream((long[]) o).boxed());
        else if (o instanceof double[])
            printf(Arrays.stream((double[]) o).boxed());
        else if (o instanceof boolean[]) {
            for (boolean b : (boolean[]) o) add(b, " ");
            add("\n");
        } else
            add(o, "\n");
    }

    void printf(int[]... obj) {
        for (int i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) printf(obj[i]);
    }

    void printf(long[]... obj) {
        for (int i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) printf(obj[i]);
    }

    void printf(double[]... obj) {
        for (int i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) printf(obj[i]);
    }

    void printf(boolean[]... obj) {
        for (int i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) printf(obj[i]);
    }

    void printf(Collection<?> col) {
        printf(col.stream());
    }

    <T, K> void add(T t, K k) {
        if (t instanceof Collection<?>) {
            ((Collection<?>) t).forEach(i -> add(i, " "));
        } else if (t instanceof Object[]) {
            Arrays.stream((Object[]) t).forEach(i -> add(i, " "));
        } else
            add(t);
        add(k);
    }


    <T> void add(T t) {
        answer.append(t);
    }

    static class Reader {
        private BufferedReader br;
        private StringTokenizer st;

        Reader() {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        }

        Reader(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException {
            br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));
        }

        boolean isReady() throws IOException {
            return br.ready();
        }

        String next() {
            try {
                while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        int[] nextIntArray(int n) {
            int[] arr = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                arr[i] = nextInt();
            return arr;
        }

        long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

        double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }

        String nextLine() {
            String s = "";
            try {
                s = br.readLine();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return s;
        }
    }
}