There are n cities and m roads in Berland. Each road connects a pair of cities. The roads in Berland are one-way.

What is the minimum number of new roads that need to be built to make all the cities reachable from the capital?

New roads will also be one-way.

Input

The first line of input consists of three integers n, m and s (1 ≤ n ≤ 5000, 0 ≤ m ≤ 5000, 1 ≤ s ≤ n) — the number of cities, the number of roads and the index of the capital. Cities are indexed from 1 to n.

The following m lines contain roads: road i is given as a pair of cities u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). For each pair of cities (u, v), there can be at most one road from u to v. Roads in opposite directions between a pair of cities are allowed (i.e. from u to v and from v to u).

Output

Print one integer — the minimum number of extra roads needed to make all the cities reachable from city s. If all the cities are already reachable from s, print 0.

Examples

Input

9 9 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
1 5
5 6
6 1
1 8
9 8
7 1


Output

3


Input

5 4 5
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 1


Output

1

Note

The first example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

For example, you can add roads (6, 4), (7, 9), (1, 7) to make all the cities reachable from s = 1.

The second example is illustrated by the following:

<image>

In this example, you can add any one of the roads (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) to make all the cities reachable from s = 5.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.lang.*;
 
import static java.lang.Math.*;

public class Main implements Runnable {
    static class InputReader {
        private InputStream stream;
        private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        private int curChar;
        private int numChars;
        private SpaceCharFilter filter;
        private BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            this.stream = stream;
        }
        
        public int read() {
            if (numChars==-1) 
                throw new InputMismatchException();
            
            if (curChar >= numChars) {
                curChar = 0;
                try {
                    numChars = stream.read(buf);
                }
                catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }
                
                if(numChars <= 0)               
                    return -1;
            }
            return buf[curChar++];
        }
     
        public String nextLine() {
            String str = "";
            try {
                str = br.readLine();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return str;
        }
        public int nextInt() {
            int c = read();
            
            while(isSpaceChar(c)) 
                c = read();
            
            int sgn = 1;
            
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            
            int res = 0;
            do {
                if(c<'0'||c>'9') 
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            }
            while (!isSpaceChar(c)); 
            
            return res * sgn;
        }
        
        public long nextLong() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            long res = 0;
            
            do {
                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            }
            while (!isSpaceChar(c));
                return res * sgn;
        }
        
        public double nextDouble() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            double res = 0;
            while (!isSpaceChar(c) && c != '.') {
                if (c == 'e' || c == 'E')
                    return res * Math.pow(10, nextInt());
                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            }
            if (c == '.') {
                c = read();
                double m = 1;
                while (!isSpaceChar(c)) {
                    if (c == 'e' || c == 'E')
                        return res * Math.pow(10, nextInt());
                    if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                        throw new InputMismatchException();
                    m /= 10;
                    res += (c - '0') * m;
                    c = read();
                }
            }
            return res * sgn;
        }
        
        public String readString() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                res.appendCodePoint(c);
                c = read();
            } 
            while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            
            return res.toString();
        }
     
        public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
            if (filter != null)
                return filter.isSpaceChar(c);
            return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
        }
     
        public String next() {
            return readString();
        }
        
        public interface SpaceCharFilter {
            public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
        new Thread(null, new Main(),"Main",1<<26).start();
    }
    void dfs(int i, int type) {
        vis[i] = 1;
        for(int j : adj[i]) {
            if(vis[j] == 0)
                dfs(j, type);
        }
        if(type == 0)
            topoSort.add(i);
    }
    ArrayList<Integer> adj[];
    ArrayList<Integer> topoSort;
    int vis[];
    public void run() {
        InputReader sc = new InputReader(System.in);
        PrintWriter w = new PrintWriter(System.out);

        int n = sc.nextInt();
        int m = sc.nextInt();
        int s = sc.nextInt() - 1;
        
        adj = new ArrayList[n];
        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            adj[i] = new ArrayList<>();

        for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            int u = sc.nextInt() - 1;
            int v = sc.nextInt() - 1;
            adj[u].add(v);
        }

        vis = new int[n];
        dfs(s, 1);
        topoSort = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if(vis[i] == 0)
                dfs(i, 0);
        }

        int ans = 0;
        vis = new int[n];

        for(int i = topoSort.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
           int ind = topoSort.get(i);
           if(vis[ind] == 0) {
                ans++;
                dfs(ind, 1);
           } 
        }

        w.print(ans);

        w.close();      
    }
}