For a dictionary $M$ that stores elements formed by a pair of a string key and an integer value, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that each key in $M$ must be unique.

* insert($key$, $x$): Insert an element formed by a pair of $key$ and $x$ to $M$.
* get($key$): Print the value with the specified $key$. Print 0 if there is no such element.
* delete($key$): Delete the element with the specified $key$.
* dump($L$, $R$): Print all elements formed by a pair of the key and the value such that the key is greater than or equal to $L$ and less than or equal to $R$ in lexicographic order.

Constraints

* $1 \leq q \leq 200,000$
* $1 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$
* $1 \leq $ length of $key$ $ \leq 20$
* $key$ consists of lower-case letters
* $L \leq R$ in lexicographic order
* The total number of elements printed by dump operations does not exceed $1,000,000$

Input

The input is given in the following format.


$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$


Each query $query_i$ is given by


0 $key$ $x$


or


1 $key$


or


2 $key$


or


3 $L$ $R$


where the first digits 0, 1, 2 and 3 represent insert, get, delete and dump operations.

Output

For each get operation, print the corresponding value.
For each dump operation, print the corresponding elements formed by a pair of the key and the value. For the dump operation, print the elements (a pair of key and value separated by a space character) in ascending order of the keys.

Example

Input

9
0 blue 4
0 red 1
0 white 5
1 red
1 blue
2 red
1 black
1 red
3 w z


Output

1
4
0
0
white 5
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i ,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);++i)
using namespace std;
typedef long long int int64;
typedef unsigned long long uint64;

int main(){
    int q; cin >> q;
    map<string,int> m;
    rep(i ,q){
        int man; cin >> man;
        string key;
        int x;
        map<string,int>::iterator itr;
        decltype(m)::iterator itr1;
        decltype(m)::iterator itr2;
        switch (man)
        {
            case 0:
                cin >> key >> x;
                m[key] = x;
                break;
            case 1:
                cin >> key;
                itr = m.find(key);
                if(itr == m.end()) cout << 0 << endl;
                else cout << itr->second << endl;
                break;
            case 2:
                cin >> key;
                m.erase(key);
                break;
            case 3:
                string l , r;
                cin >> l >> r;
                itr1 = m.lower_bound(l);
                itr2 = m.upper_bound(r);
                itr = itr1;
                for(;itr!=itr2;++itr){
                    cout << itr->first << " " << itr->second << endl;
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}
