There are H rows and W columns of white square cells.

You will choose h of the rows and w of the columns, and paint all of the cells contained in those rows or columns.

How many white cells will remain?

It can be proved that this count does not depend on what rows and columns are chosen.

Constraints

* All values in input are integers.
* 1 \leq H, W \leq 20
* 1 \leq h \leq H
* 1 \leq w \leq W

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


H W
h w


Output

Print the number of white cells that will remain.

Examples

Input

3 2
2 1


Output

1


Input

5 5
2 3


Output

6


Input

2 4
2 4


Output

0
import sys
from collections import deque
import copy
import math
def get_read_func(fileobject):
    if fileobject == None :
        return raw_input
    else:
        return fileobject.readline

def main():
    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
        f = open(sys.argv[1])
    else:
        f = None
    read_func = get_read_func(f);
    input_raw = read_func().strip().split()
    [H, W] = [int(input_raw[0]), int(input_raw[1])]
    input_raw = read_func().strip().split()
    [h, w] = [int(input_raw[0]), int(input_raw[1])]
    print (H - h) * (W - w)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

