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", "One of the major reasons of weight gain in the majority of the cases is leptin resistance. ", "Leptin is a hormone in our body which is likewise called weight problems hormonal agent, fat hormone and likewise as starvation hormone at times.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nIt helps control bone mass, the menstruation, the synthesis of thyroid hormonal agents, our appetite and metabolic process. ", "By now you would have understood the significance of the hormone. ", "Comprehending Leptin resistance Leptin levels for each person are at a specific limit – Buy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real. 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", "Because you are not familiar with the origin and you target combatting the associated symptoms, you will not lose the weight irrespective how little you eat or how much exercise you do (Buy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real).", "\n\nIt targets on the origin of weight gain for lots of guys and females and aims to remove the storage of fat and belly fat in a natural manner. ", "It is made from purest, high quality 22 natural detoxifying nutrients and plant extracts in a little easy to swallow pill which is to be taken when a day.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nThe supplement even more enables fat cells of the body to launch leptin so as to tell your brain, that it’s time to stop eating now. ", "While it may look as a basic job but owing to Leptin resistance your body isn’t able to do it itself which is where Leptitox concerns your rescue.", "\n\nAnyone who has tried many weight loss programs or followed various diets however is not able to successfully shed the additional pounds then Leptitox is for you because opportunities are more of you most likely being leptin resistant. ", "Additionally, Leptitox will work efficiently likewise for individuals with cravings and weight gain.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nWithout involving any diet, Leptitox assists you get rid of leptin resistance, which is going to last for many years and not briefly. ", ">> Click Here To Attempt # 1 Suggested Leptitox From Its Authorities Website Is Leptitox legitimate? ", "Leptitox has actually been supported by different expert looks into. ", "Each capsule is manufactured in USA in FDA approved and GMP accredited facilities under the most sterilized, stringent and precise requirements.", "\n\nThe flexibility of 60 days complete refund guarantees to permit you to see the outcomes and to examine the product. ", "Conclusion Till we know the science and truths of various things, our companied believe and acted in a different way, once we understood the reality, our actions were based upon truth. ", "Very same is the case with our body, its physical fitness and health.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nWith weight gain, as now you understand leptin resistance is the cause in the majority of the cases; begin with the treatment which can assist you in eliminating the root cause-which is removing the resistance. 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", "In this genuine review, you will find the of this fairly new weight-loss supplement and if this product is for someone in the.", "I made that review as detailed as possible so you could take a notified choice whether you decide to purchase or not.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nIt will in a natural way since it deals with the of According to scientific studies, is in most cases the reason that lots of males and females are having a hard time to lose weight with traditional weight-loss tablets, diets, and exercise programs. ", "Buy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real. ", "In a nutshell, leptin resistance is the failure of your body to send out the ideal signal to your brain to burn fat for energy and to stop consuming if you have actually eaten enough.", "\n\nThis is a big problem since you’ll constantly consume more than required which will inevitably. ", "If you are looking for, see below! ", "1. ", "Are you overweight by more than 20 pounds with a good portion of that fat around your tummy? ", "2. ", "Do you have an eating condition? ", "3. ", "When you go on a weight-loss diet, do you have difficulty losing fat? ", "That is, do you lose pounds and still stay loose and flabby? ", "4.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nAre you constantly starving? ", "6. ", "Do you long for sugary foods? ", "7. ", "Do you awaken hungry in the evening? ", "8. ", "Do you have a ‘extra tire’ or an apple shape? ", "9. ", "Are you losing muscle mass in spite of the fact that youare exercising? ", "10. ", "Do you feel ‘stressed’? ", "11. ", "Have you been detected with high triglyceridelevels? ", "12. ", "Do you have hypertension? ", "13.", "\n\nDo you have hypothyroidism?It is perfect for males or ladies that are having trouble dropping weight. ", "Individuals that have, diets however. ", "If you are battling with dropping weight and you do not know why, even if you are doing an excellent deal of effort to do so, then you are most likely a great example of someone who is.", "When you desire to drop weight and lose stubborn belly fat, there are numerous elements that could avoid you to reach your goals.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nThe fat cells of your body are expected to in order to inform your brain, YES, it’s time to stop consuming now. ", "Some times, as easy as it may appear, your body can accomplish this task correctly () and it will avoid you to reduce weight the way you should. ", "Buy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real.", "\n\nThat why it is so effective. (", "some individuals misspelled it Leptotox or Lepitox) It will assault the weight gain issue at its root. ", "Lots of males and females that are not able to slim down or to keep their weight reduction development are probably suffering from “leptin resistant”. ", "It does not include diet, starvation nor high-intensity workouts.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nThis dietary supplement is backed with lots of specialist investigates and Leptin resistance has actually been studied for years. ", "It is currently utilized by more than. ", "It is produced at an and examined center. ", "It is made of premium 100% natural active ingredients. ", "It includes a complete 60 days cash back guaranteed to allow you to test the item and see the results with you (Buy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real).", "\n\nInstead of and that the majority of the typical people can’t even follow, it is focussing on what is which is leptin resistance. ", "Individuals that got the very best results were people who followed the directions and that. ", "If you have less than 10 pounds to lose, possibly you need to discover another solution.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nIt is made with active ingredients that are 100% natural. ", "Here is a list of a few of the components and their function. ", "The Apium Graveolens seeds: an effective and efficient ingredient accountable for the cleansing of your body. ", "Milk Thistle/ Marian Thistle: It has anti-aging impacts on your body. ", "Grape Seeds: to eliminate hazardous toxins that exist in fruits, cereals and even veggies that you are eating every day.", "\n\nBarberry: Main function of enhancing brain health and it likewise enhances the level of good cholesterol in your system. ", "Taraxacum leaves: It is a great component for your bone structure and your liver. ", "It likewise a great source of vitamin K.Alfalfa: It also enhances the health of your liver and a detoxifier (Buy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real).", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nJujube: It is responsible for the detoxification od the ZEA endocrine disruptor. ", "The pills are, and it is a.The item is really user-friendly () and assists you manage the level of leptin in your body for ideal weight-loss. ", "The rate is truly affordable and there are several packages readily available for more savings.", "\n\nIt does not include any meal strategy or workout program. ", "The item is just readily available online on their official websiteThe item is actually in high need and in some cases the website can not supply to the demand () A number of hundreds of thousands (approx 160 000) of males and females have been using this supplement so far.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nIt’s only 1 capsule that you require to take two times a day with a glass of water! ", "That’s it. ", "It’s that easy. ", "Wondering, Can you purchase Leptitox at Walmart? ", "Unfortunately, Original Leptitox is not readily available at Walmart, Amazon, CVS, regional drug stores. ", "It is just available on the. ", "Take care with phony Leptitox fraud websites.", "\n\nThe are a lot of advantages when you make your purchase on the official websites that you will not get if you purchase it from anywhere else. ", "You are buying the 100% original supplement You are covered by a 60 days money-back warranty. 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", "The best deal is when you order, you get a substantial discount rate.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nPlus you can not just 1 but (). ", "PS: Whether or not you want to purchase this supplement, I, I guarantee you that at least.", "Any bottle that you order is cover by a full assurance,. ", "For any reason, you are not pleased with the results, it is that basic, you call and you get 100% of your refund.", "\n\nLeptitox is truly a game-changer when it comes to weight gain treatment. ", "It approaches the obesity concern in a totally different way than any of the standard weight-loss pills or programs. ", "It is a high-quality 100% natural weight loss supplement manufactured under the greatest standards of the United States.", "\n\nBuy Weight Loss Leptitox Fake And Real\n\nLet’s be honest, if you are on this page, you understand you or somebody around you ought to lose some weight. ", "Whether or not you decide to buy Leptitox, it’s up to you. ", "However, you absolutely need to find a solution for it, discover a solution due to the fact that being can lead to.", "If you have attempted to reduce weight in the past and it didn’t work for you, I would advise attempting Leptitox Nutrition for a minimum of 1 month." ]

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[ "Hypo-excitation across all cortical laminae defines intermediate stages of cortical neuronal dysfunction in diffuse traumatic brain injury.", "\nTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide and can result in persistent cognitive, sensory and behavioral dysfunction. ", "Understanding the time course of TBI-induced pathology is essential to effective treatment outcomes. ", "We induced TBI in rats using an impact acceleration method and tested for sensorimotor skill and sensory sensitivity behaviors for two weeks to find persistently poor outcomes post-injury. ", "At two weeks post-injury we made high resolution extracellular recordings from barrel cortex neurons, to simple and complex whisker deflections. ", "We found that the supragranular suppression of neural firing (compared to normal) previously seen in the immediate post-TBI aftermath had spread to include suppression of input and infragranular layers at two weeks post-injury; thus, there was suppression of whisker-driven firing rates in all cortical layers to both stimulus types. ", "Further, there were abnormalities in temporal response patterns such that in layers 3-5 there was a temporal broadening of response patterns in response to both whisker deflection stimulus types and in L2 a narrowing of temporal patterns in response to the complex stimulus. ", "Thus, at two weeks post-TBI, supragranular hypo-excitation has evolved to include deep cortical layers likely as a function of progressive atrophy and neurodegeneration. ", "These results are consistent with the hypothesis that TBI alters the delicate excitatory/inhibitory balance in cortex and likely contributes to temporal broadening of responses and restricts the ability to code for complex sensory stimuli." ]

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[ "(PLEASE NOTE…These beautiful Heirloom blankets are created to be adored, admired and coveted. ", "They are not intended for everyday use. ", "The delicate nature of the soft loomed cottons and loose crochet knit mean they are a delicate piece to be loved gently and reverently)" ]

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[ "The present invention relates to a water-in-oil type emulsified fat and/or oil composition which is utilized preferably and suitably in a margarine, a fat spread, a shortening etc.", "\nAs people are health-oriented in recent years, a product being low-calorie- and low-oil-content-type is desired for a margarine or a fat spread.", "\nIn general, the method for lowering an oil content includes raising the ratio of an aqueous phase to provide a water-in-oil type emulsified fat and/or oil composition which is a high content of water-containing type. ", "However, when usual fats and oils of triglycerides are used in the oil phase, the emulsified state becomes unstable with an increasing ratio of the aqueous phase. ", "Thus, in during the production step, the aqueous phase tends to separate from the oil phase in a mixing tank for the aqueous at the step of preliminary emulsification and oil phases and the phase reversal from W/O to O/W tends to occur. ", "Further, oozing of water and oil-off is caused during storage. ", "When bulk-handling is carried out, the emulsification is destroyed, and separation, decay or the like of the aqueous is carried out thereby. ", "Therefore, a product exhibiting a satisfied performance could not be obtained.", "\nTo solve these disadvantages, methods for using various emulsifiers such as a sucrose fatty acid ester (JP-B 56-10014), a glycerol fatty acid ester (U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,889,005) and a polyglycerol fatty acid ester (JP-A 58-170432) have been proposed.", "\nHowever, when the above-mentioned emulsifier is used, although the water-in-oil type emulsified fat and/or oil composition which is a high content of water-containing type can be produced, the obtained product is badly stable by the day during storage so that water oozes and the emulsification is destroyed upon spreading, therefore the following separation of the aqueous phase is generated.", "\nMeanwhile, various methods for blending a large amount of diglycerides (glycerol di-fatty-acid esters) with the oil phase to solve the above-described disadvantages have also been proposed in, for example, JP-A 63-301743, JP-A 61-63242, WO 95/22257, WO 96/32022 and U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,879,735.", "\nAlthough a stable water-in-oil type emulsified fat and/or oil composition can be produced by these methods, the product is worsened in viewpoint of the physical property during storage. ", "Then, the product is made to be crumbly and so on, it is poor in feeling on eating, and its spread ability is not satisfied.", "\nThe present inventors developed a water-in-oil type emulsified fat and/or oil composition of which emulsification is stable in spite of containing a high content of water and which is excellent in physical properties and feeling on eating during storage.", "\nThe present invention provides an water-in-oil type emulsified fat and/or oil composition which is composed of (1) the oil phase comprising 35 to 95% by weight, based on the total oils and fats, of a diglyceride(s) having its increasing melting point of lower than 20xc2x0 C. and the balance of triglycerides having fatty acid parts comprising 13 to 60% by weight of palmitic acid and 5% by weight or less of fatty acids having 12 or less carbon atoms, polymorph of the triglycerides being stable in the form of xcex2xe2x80x2 and (2) the aqueous phase based on water. ", "Thus, the above-mentioned problem of the prior art has been solved." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Q:\n\ncentos 7: nginx Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument\n\nI can access the nginx welcome page after installing nginx. ", "However, when i run systemctl status nginx, I get this warning: \n\nsystemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid\n argument\n\nCan you please tell me what causes this problem and how to fix it? ", "Thanks.", "\nDetailed response message: \n\nnginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server \nLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) \nActive: active (running) since Thu 2017-03-02 06:43:24 CST; 2s ago \nProcess: 24007 ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) \nProcess: 8377 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) \nProcess: 8374 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) \nProcess: 8373 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) \nMain PID: 8380 (nginx) CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service\n |-8380 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/ngin\n `-8381 nginx: worker proces\n\nMar 02 06:43:24 VM_134_114_centos systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server... \nMar 02 06:43:24 VM_134_114_centos nginx[8374]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok \nMar 02 06:43:24 VM_134_114_centos nginx[8374]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful \nMar 02 06:43:24 VM_134_114_centos systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument \nMar 02 06:43:24 VM_134_114_centos systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.", "\n\nA:\n\nI don't think you do fix it. ", "\nFirst, notice that the PID file is intentionally being removed just before Nginx starts. ", "You can see that in the output you posted:\nExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid\n\nWhy? ", "The answer is a comment in the Nginx service file:\n# Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong\n# SELinux context. ", "This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.", "\n# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621\nExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid\n\nSo if Nginx is running normally and you you can stop/start it fine, I think you can ignore that warning in the logs.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Oando Internal Campaign 2013\n\nWe developed these posters for Oando Plc as part of their internal campaign informing all Oando staff that a new and updated version of Oracle will soon be up and running.", "\n\nThe Brief\n\nThe Oando IT department plans to introduce Oracle Release 12 or Oracle R12 – an improvement from Release 11, which is currently in use. ", "The general feeling amongst staff is that this is a nightmare to use, frustrating and has led to many late nights in the office.", "\n\nThe upgrade is better and comes with the following benefits:\n\n1. ", "Self-generating reports\n\n2. ", "Professional visual style\n\n3. ", "Reduced popups\n\n4. ", "Streamlined work flows\n\nOverview\n\nIt is often said that “Change is the only constant thing in life!”", "\n\nIt is therefore not surprising that the world continues to witness dramatic changes in every sphere of life.", "\n\nThe office environment is not left out as companies are compelled to move at pace with technology. ", "The result helps to create more dynamism and efficiency at the workplace.", "\n\nOracle is one of the world’s leading companies. ", "Their business solutions are deployed in several leading corporations. ", "It is only fitting that one of their solutions is in use at a top company like Oando Plc.", "\n\nOracle R12 is an upgrade on the earlier version 11, which, for all intents and purposes, has passed its sell-by date. ", "It promises improved performances in the processes.", "\n\nStrategy\n\nThe idea is therefore to split the communications in three distinct phases:\n\nPhase 1 (Tease):\n\nThis is the lead up to the release where communication encourages the staff to gear up for change.", "\n\nPhase 2 (Introduction):\n\nThis is where the communication announces, to staff, the release and deployment of the software to aid better processes.", "\n\nDeployment:\n\nPhase 3 (Sustenance):\n\nThis is where communication drills down on the benefits of the upgrade to its users, alluding to the unfulfilling experiences with the previous software.", "\n\nCommunication Style:\n\nSince this is intended to communicate to virtually everyone that works at the company, making use of the software on a daily basis, it was important to make the communications humorous and emotive in terms of visuals and language. ", "There’s also a need to make use of softer lexicon (deliberately avoiding certain technical ‘mumbo-jumbo’ often associated with IT). ", "The communication gets its desired message across as concise as possible." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for retransmission on an UpLink (UL) in a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for controlling retransmission on a UL in a wireless communication system supporting multi-antenna transmission technology, such as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO).", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nWireless communication systems have evolved into broadband wireless communication systems providing not only voice-oriented services but also high-speed, high-quality packet data services, including communication standards such as, for example, 3GPP High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3GPP2 High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and IEEE 802.16e.", "\nRecently, in order to improve transmission efficiency, wireless communication systems use technologies such as Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) and channel-sensitive scheduling. ", "By using AMC, a Node B (also known as a base station) may adjust the amount of data transmitted by the Node B or a User Equipment (UE), also known as a mobile station, according to channel states. ", "For example, if the channel state is poor, the amount of transmission data is reduced to a desired level to match a reception error rate, and if the channel state is good, the amount of transmission data is increased to effectively transmit as much information as possible, while matching the reception error rate to the desired level. ", "By using a channel-sensitive scheduling resource management method, a Node B may selectively service users with a good channel state among a plurality of users, which contributes to an increase in system capacity, as compared to an existing method of allocating a channel to a single user and servicing the user. ", "Specifically, the AMC and the channel-sensitive scheduling are methods of applying an appropriate Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) at the time determined to be most efficient, using the channel state information.", "\nMany studies are being conducted to replace Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), a multiple access scheme which has been used in the 2nd Generation (2G) and 3rd Generation (3G) mobile communication systems, with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in the next-generation communication system. ", "Standards bodies such as 3GPP, 3GPP2, and IEEE are standardizing evolved systems using OFDMA or modified OFDMA. ", "It is well known that a greater capacity increase can be expected in OFDMA, compared to in CDMA. ", "One of several reasons leading to this capacity increase in OFDMA is the possibility of performing scheduling on the frequency domain (known as ‘Frequency-Domain Scheduling’). ", "Just as the capacity gain can be obtained by the channel-sensitive scheduling using the time-varying characteristics of channels, a higher capacity gain may be obtained using the frequency-varying characteristics of channels.", "\nAn LTE system, a typical example of the broadband wireless communication systems, adopts Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in a Downlink (DL) and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) in a UL, both of which may perform the frequency-domain scheduling.", "\nThe AMC and channel-sensitive scheduling are techniques capable of improving the transmission efficiency when transmitters have acquired sufficient information about transmission channels. ", "In the DL of the LTE system, for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), since a Node B cannot estimate a state of a DL channel or a transmission channel depending on a UL channel or a reception channel, a UE is designed to report information about the DL channel to the Node B. In the case of Time Division Duplex (TDD), a Node B uses characteristics so that it can estimate a state of a DL channel depending on a UL channel, making it possible to omit the process of reporting the information about the DL channel from the UE to the Node B.\nIn the UL of the LTE system, a UE is designed to transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and a Node B is designed to estimate a UL channel by receiving the SRS.", "\nIn the DL of the LTE system, MIMO or a multi-antenna transmission technique is supported. ", "An LTE Node B may include 1, 2, or 4 transmission antennas. ", "When including a plurality of transmission antennas, a Node B may obtain a beamforming gain and a spatial multiplexing gain by applying precoding.", "\nRecently, many discussions have been held in 3GPP to support MIMO even in the UL of the LTE system. ", "Similar to the DL MIMO, a UE may include 1, 2, or 4 transmission antennas, and when including a plurality of transmission antennas, a UE may obtain a beamforming gain and a spatial multiplexing gain by applying precoding.", "\nA difference between the DL MIMO and the UL MIMO is provided below. ", "In the DL MIMO, a Node B (or a transmitter) determines by itself the transmission property such as MCS scheme, MIMO scheme, and precoding. ", "The Node B configures and transmits a Physical Downlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH) by reflecting the transmission property, and delivers the transmission property applied to the PDSCH to a UE using a Physical Downlink Control CHannel (PDCCH). ", "However, in the UL MIMO, a Node B (or a receiver) determines the transmission property such as MCS scheme, MIMO scheme, and precoding, according to the channel characteristics of UEs. ", "The Node B delivers the transmission property to a UE through a PDCCH, and upon receiving the PDCCH, the UE configures and transmits a Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) by reflecting the transmission property granted by the Node B. Specifically, in the LTE system, a Node B determines AMC, channel-sensitive scheduling, MIMO precoding, etc., ", "and a UE receives a PDSCH transmitted based on the determination, or configures and transmits a PUSCH according to the determination.", "\nIf a Node B has correct information about a channel state, the Node B may determine an amount of transmission data, which is most appropriate for the channel state, using AMC. ", "In actual communication environments, however, there is a significant difference between the channel state that the Node B is aware of, and the actual channel state, due to the estimation error, the feedback error, and the like. ", "Therefore, despite the use of AMC, the transmitter and the receiver may not actually prevent errors from occurring. ", "The majority of wireless communication systems, including the LTE system, employ Hybrid Automatic ReQuest (HARQ), in which, if a decoding failure occurs in an initial transmission, a physical layer immediately retransmits the failed data. ", "HARQ refers to a scheme, in which, if a receiver has failed to correctly decode data, the receiver transmits a negative acknowledgement (NACK) information indicating the decoding failure to a transmitter, allowing the transmitter to retransmit the failed data in a physical layer. ", "On the contrary, if the receiver has correctly decoded data, the receiver transmits ACK information indicating the decoding success to the transmitter, allowing the transmitter to transmit new data.", "\nIn a wireless communication system using the HARQ, because a receiver may improve its reception performance by combining a retransmitted signal with a previously received signal, the receiver stores in its memory the data which was received previously but failed to be decoded, just in case of retransmission.", "\nIn order to enable a transmitter to transmit other data for the time required when a response signal from a receiver, such as ACK and NACK, is delivered up to the transmitter, an HARQ process is defined. ", "In accordance with the HARQ process, the receiver may determine whether to combine a previously received signal with a newly received signal using a HARQ Process Identification (HARQ PID). ", "HARQ is classified into synchronous HARQ and asynchronous HARQ according to whether a transmitter provides the HARQ PID to a receiver as a control signal in the HARQ process. ", "In the synchronous HARQ, a transmitter uses a serial number of a subframe carrying a PDCCH, instead of providing a HARQ PID to a receiver as a control signal. ", "The subframe refers to a resource allocation unit in the time domain. ", "However, in the asynchronous HARQ, a transmitter provides a HARQ PID to a receiver as a control signal. ", "The LTE system employs asynchronous HARQ in the DL and synchronous HARQ in the UL.", "\nFIG. ", "1 illustrates a synchronous HARQ operation in a UL.", "\nReferring to FIG. ", "1, if a Node B grants a resource allocation for a UL transmission using a PDCCH in an n-th subframe of a DL in step 101, a HARQ PID is determined as resource allocation information by a subframe serial number ‘n’. ", "For example, if a HARQ PID corresponding to a subframe serial number ‘n’ is assumed to be ‘0’, a HARQ PID corresponding to a subframe serial number ‘n+1’ may be defined as ‘1’. ", "A PDCCH for a UL grant, transmitted in a subframe with a serial number ‘n’, includes a New Data Indicator (NDI). ", "If an NDI has been toggled from its previous NDI value, the relevant UL grant is set to allocate a PUSCH for new data transmission. ", "If an NDI has maintained its previous NDI value, the relevant UL grant is set to allocate a PUSCH for retransmission of the previously transmitted data.", "\nIf an NDI associated a UL grant is assumed to be toggled in step 101, a UE performs initial transmission on a PUSCH for new data transmission in a subframe #(n+4) in step 103. ", "Whether the Node B has successfully decoded the PUSCH data transmitted by the UE in the subframe #(n+4) is determined using a Physical HARQ Indicator CHannel (PHICH) that the Node B transmits in a subframe #(n+8) in step 105. ", "If it is determined that the PHICH has transmitted a NACK, the UE performs retransmission on the PUSCH in a subframe #(n+12) in step 107. ", "In this way, in the synchronous HARQ, initial transmission and retransmission of the same Transport Block (TB) are performed in sync with serial numbers of subframes.", "\nAs described in FIG. ", "1, the Node B and the UE may normally perform a HARQ operation without introducing a separate HARQ PID, because an agreement was made in advance that the TB having undergone initial transmission in the subframe #(n+4) is retransmitted in the subframe #(n+12). ", "In the example of FIG. ", "1, since a transmission interval of the same TB includes 8 subframes, the maximum number of HARQ processes capable of running at the same time may be limited to 8.", "\nIn the UL synchronous HARQ operation described in FIG. ", "1, retransmission may be granted using a PHICH capable of indicating only the ACK/NACK signal. ", "If the Node B desires to change the transmission property of a PUSCH, such as a transmission resource and an MCS scheme, in retransmission, the Node B may grant transmission of a PDCCH indicating the change. ", "This HARQ scheme, granting a change in the transmission property of the PUSCH, is called ‘adaptive synchronous HARQ’.", "\nFIG. ", "2 illustrates an adaptive synchronous HARQ operation in a UL.", "\nReferring to FIG. ", "2, steps 101 to 105 in FIG. ", "2 are identical in operation to their corresponding steps in FIG. ", "1.", "\nIn step 105 in FIG. ", "2, a Node B informs a UE that it has failed to successfully decode the PUSCH transmitted in the subframe #(n+4) in step 103, by delivering a NACK using a PHICH in a subframe #(n+8). ", "In order to change the transmission property during PUSCH retransmission, the Node B transmits a PDCCH including information for changing the transmission property of a PUSCH, together with the PHICH in step 106. ", "The UE may receive the PDCCH including information for changing the transmission property of a PUSCH, because it attempts to receive and decode a PDCCH in every subframe. ", "In step 108, the UE performs retransmission on a PUSCH in a subframe #(n+12) by applying the transmission property indicated by the PDCCH.", "\nAccording to the above-described adaptive synchronous HARQ, the information for changing the transmission property of a PUSCH is transmitted over a PDCCH. ", "Therefore, if a change in the transmission property of a PUSCH is required during retransmission, a Node B transmits a PDCCH together with a PHICH despite an increase in the amount of DL control information. ", "When maintaining the previous transmission property of a PUSCH, the Node B transmits only the PHICH.", "\nFIG. ", "3 illustrates an adaptive synchronous HARQ operation of a Node B in a UL.", "\nReferring to FIG. ", "3, in step 131, a Node B performs UL scheduling to determine a UE to be granted transmission of a PUSCH, and a resource to be used for the PUSCH transmission. ", "In step 133, the Node B transmits a PDCCH to inform the scheduled UE of grant information of the PUSCH. ", "In step 135, the Node B demodulates and decodes the PUSCH, which has been received four subframes after a time when the PDCCH was transmitted in step 133. ", "In step 137, the Node B determines whether the decoding of the PUSCH is successful. ", "If successful, the Node B transmits an ACK to the UE in step 139, and then returns to step 131 to perform new scheduling. ", "On the other hand, if the decoding is failed in step 137, the Node B transmits a NACK to the UE in step 141.", "\nThereafter, in accordance with an adaptive synchronous HARQ operation, the Node B determines in step 143 whether it desires to change the transmission property of the PUSCH to be different from that designated in step 133. ", "If it is desired to change the transmission property, the Node B transmits a PDCCH including information indicating a new transmission property to be applied for retransmission of the PUSCH in step 145. ", "After indicating retransmission of the PUSCH in steps 143 and 145, the Node B returns to step 135 to receive and decode the retransmitted PUSCH.", "\nFIG. ", "4 illustrates an adaptive synchronous HARQ operation of a UE in a UL.", "\nReferring to FIG. ", "4, a UE attempts to receive and decode a PDCCH for a UL grant in step 151, and determines in step 153 whether the decoding of the PDCCH is successful. ", "If successful, the UE determines in step 155 whether an NDI indicating transmission/non-transmission of new data has been toggled. ", "If the NDI has been toggled, meaning that the relevant grant indicates initial transmission of a new TB, then the UE transmits a PUSCH carrying a new TB by applying the transmission property indicated by the PDCCH in step 157. ", "However, if the NDI has not been toggled in step 155, meaning that the relevant grant indicates retransmission with the transmission property changed because a Node B has failed to successfully decode the previous TB having the same HARQ PID, then the UE retransmits a PUSCH carrying the previous TB by applying the transmission property indicated by the PDCCH in step 159. ", "If the UE has failed to successfully decode the PDCCH for a UL grant in step 153, the UE attempts to receive and decode a PHICH in step 161. ", "In step 163, the UE determines if an ACK has been received over the PHICH. ", "Upon receiving the ACK, the UE stops the transmission of the PUSCH in step 165. ", "However, upon receiving a NACK from the PHICH, the UE retransmits a PUSCH carrying the previous TB by applying the transmission property indicated by the last received PDCCH in step 167.", "\nAlthough the synchronous HARQ has been proposed to enable retransmission by a UE by transmitting only the PHICH without transmitting the PDCCH, when the PDCCH should be transmitted together with the PHICH to indicate the transmission property such as a precoding scheme of a UE, the above resource saving effects may not be expected in the synchronous HARQ. ", "Specifically, while the PHICH carries only the ACK/NACK information, the PDCCH includes various control information for UL transmission in a UE. ", "Therefore, to transmit the PDCCH, a Node B should consume more frequency resources and transmission power. ", "If the PDCCH is to be transmitted to indicate the transmission property, such as a precoding scheme for MIMO transmission, during retransmission in a UL, the consumption of resources for control information increases, requiring a method for reducing a transmission load of control information for retransmission in a UL." ]

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[ "Q:\n\njava equivalent panels in qt\n\nI would like to know the Java panel equivalent in QT. ", "I mean which class do we need to use in QT, i.e. qframe or qwidget. ", "I need to add many panels to my QT mainwindow.", "\n\nA:\n\nQFrame, QScrollArea, etc. ", "have properties that handle panel appearance and are suitable for component containers and form layout.", "\nQWidget has no frameShape(), frameShadow(), or lineWidth(), but it has layout and size operation methods, so it can also be used as a panel if you do not need borders, scroll, docking or other additional behavior.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Transfers across stablecoin platforms have grown significantly in 2019. ", "The aggregate total on-chain transfer volume across the five largest stablecoins is now greater than Venmo’s total payment volume.", "\n\nStablecoins have been dominating trading pairs since the beginning of 2019, with new competitors joining the mix beside just Tether (USDT). ", "Although the total on-chain volume of stablecoins was less than half of Venmo’s total payment volume (TPV) in Q1 2019, the previous quarter saw a drastic reversal.", "\n\nVenmo’s TPV rose along the trendline, as expected every quarter. ", "However, what was not expected was the explosion in stablecoin transaction volume, among all stablecoins across the board.", "\n\nAs TradeBlock reports, the stablecoin transaction volume shown above does not even include the transactions that occur within centralized exchanges themselves. ", "Tether, posted by far the greatest uptick in on-chain transactions since March 2019.", "\n\nMoreover, the fees associated with sending these funds are dwarfed by Venmo’s large takings. ", "Across the largest ERC-20 tokens, customers spent around $827,000 in fees to send more than $37B in funds on the Ethereum network. ", "In comparison, fees on Venmoo’s associated services will soon reach $150M. This disparity demonstrates the long-term viability of stablecoins, which is partly why Facebook is so strongly pushing to release its own with the Libra project.", "\n\nDespite their growing popularity, stablecoins still pale in comparison to both Venmo’s and Zelle’s sheer number of on-chain transaction. ", "Whereas transactional volume is high, the amount of micro-transactions is not. ", "For example, Zelle saw some 1.5M transactions per day in Q1 2019. ", "In comparison, stablecoins only see a few thousand on-chain transactions per day.", "\n\nIn short, stablecoins are growing but still have a long ways to go if they want to compete with existing payment processors. ", "Still, the data looks promising for their long-term longevity in this choppy market.", "\n\nDo you agree that stablecoins are here to stay? ", "Can they ever rival established payment processors? ", "Let us know your thoughts in the comments down below." ]

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[ "[Skin sutures in pediatric surgery. ", "Use of a fast-resorption synthetic thread].", "\nVicryl Rapide is a new, fast absorption skin suture material. ", "Its spontaneous elimination avoids the conventional stitch removal. ", "The tolerability of this material and the cosmetic results obtained were tested in a paediatric surgery department in elective surgery and in emergency surface wound sutures. ", "Provided certain precautions are taken (tense sutures and sutures of the face must be avoided, since the thread passages are visible in 25 percent of the cases), the material is well tolerated; the cosmetic results and child comfort it provides and the absence of stitch removal makes Vicryl Rapide a first-choice material in paediatric surgery." ]

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{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nDifference between scale-space transform and wavelet transform\n\nWhat is actual difference between scale-space and wavelet transform? ", "It seems that wavelets require an orthonormal basis of kernels, whereas scale-space does not. ", "Is it the only difference? ", "Can scale-space be considered as particular case of wavelet transform?", "\nUPDATE\nExample. ", "Suppose I convolve a 1d signal with several gaussian kernel of different width. ", "I got:\n\nWhat was it? ", "Wavelet decomposition or scale-space? ", "Are they technically the same?", "\n\nA:\n\nLaurent's answer gives a good summary of the theory, so I will focus more on the practical side, with an emphasis on computer vision & image processing.", "\nOne key difference between the two multi-scale representations is in their goals. ", "Wavelet decompositions give a complete description of the data, but typically they are aimed at a sparse representation. ", "This allows truncation of the full wavelet transform (e.g. thresholding small values) while preserving most of the image information, for example wavelets are commonly used for compression.", "\nOn the other hand, the scale-space decomposition is over-complete (redundant) by design. ", "As noted by Laurent, differences between scale-space levels (e.g. \"Laplacian\" image pyramids) have some similarity to the wavelet decomposition. ", "Indeed these were first developed with compression in mind (i.e. Burt & Adelson 1983).", "\nHowever, the primary goal of most practical methods that use scale-space decompositions (a.k.a. ", "image pyramids) is robustness. ", "In this context the \"redundant\" information in the scale-space representation is a virtue. ", "For example, scale-space approaches are ubiquitous in feature detection/description (such as SIFT), as well as dense correspondence mapping (e.g. large-offset optical flow is typically done in coarse-to-fine fashion). ", "Both of these applications (and others) are well described in Richard Szeliski's E-book, which I highly recommend.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "The ED90 of prophylactic oxytocin infusion after delivery of the placenta during cesarean delivery in laboring compared with nonlaboring women: an up-down sequential allocation dose-response study.", "\nProphylactic administration of oxytocin as a part of active management of the third stage of labor reduces the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. ", "Prophylactic oxytocin is often administered as an infusion rather than a bolus. ", "The aim of the current up-down sequential allocation dose-response study was to test the hypothesis that parturients who receive intrapartum exogenous oxytocin therapy, and who subsequently undergo cesarean delivery for labor dystocia, will have a higher estimated effective dose in 90% of paturients (ED90) for oxytocin infusion in the third stage of labor compared with nonlaboring parturients. ", "The study design was a single-blinded, dual-arm, dose-response study using a 9:1 biased-coin sequential allocation method to estimate the ED90 of an infusion of prophylactic oxytocin in women undergoing cesarean delivery with neuraxial anesthesia. ", "The experimental (laboring) group included women scheduled for intrapartum cesarean delivery after prior exposure to exogenous oxytocin, and the control (nonlaboring) group included women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery. ", "The starting infusion rate was 18 IU/h, with an incremental dose of 2 IU/h. The outcome was satisfactory uterine tone 4 minutes after delivery as judged by the obstetrician. ", "Secondary outcomes included requirement for additional uterotonic agents and maternal side effects (e.g., nausea and vomiting, ST-segment depression). ", "Dose-response data for each group were evaluated by a log-logistic function and ED90 estimates derived from the fitted equations using the delta method. ", "Thirty-eight and 32 subjects participated in the nonlaboring and laboring groups, respectively. ", "The oxytocin ED90 was significantly greater for the laboring group (44.2 IU/h [95% confidence interval (CI), 33.8-55.6]) compared with that for the nonlaboring group (16.2 IU/h [95% CI, 13.1-19.3]; difference in dose 28 IU/h [95% CI of difference, 26-29, P < 0.001]). ", "Significantly more women in the laboring group (34%) than in the nonlaboring group (8%) required supplemental uterotonic agents (difference 26% [95% CI of the difference, 7%-44%, P = 0.008]). ", "The overall incidence of side effects was greater in the laboring group (69%) than in the nonlaboring group (34%; difference 25% [95% CI of the difference, 10%-59%, P = 0.004]). ", "Women with prior exposure to exogenous oxytocin require a higher initial infusion rate of oxytocin to prevent uterine atony after cesarean delivery than women without prior exposure." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "/*!", "\n * @header Transform.h\n * vImage Framework\n *\n * See vImage/vImage.h for more on how to better view the headerdoc documentation for functions declared herein.", "\n *\n * @copyright Copyright (c) 2003-2015 by Apple Inc. All rights reserved.", "\n *\n * @discussion Transform.h defines a number of interfaces that do linear and nonlinear operations\n * to images. ", " Matrix multiply operations treat each pixel as a short vector and \n * multiply the vector by a matrix. ", "Typically these are used to do colorspace conversion\n * and color twisting. ", " There are a series of gamma functions that apply a power function\n * to an image. ", "The power operation is C2 symmetric around the origin such that negative values\n * are not NaN (unlike pow(-x, y)), but instead -pow(|x|, y) for negative x). ", "\n * In addition a series of polynomial and rational evaluators are available. ", "Many complex\n * functions can be approximated as a polynomial or rational and evaluated more \n * cheaply that way. ", "Finally there are single and multi-dimensional interpolated lookup\n * tables, also commonly used in colorspace conversion.", "\n *\n * @ignorefuncmacro VIMAGE_NON_NULL\n */\n\n#ifndef VIMAGE_TRANSFORM_H\n#define VIMAGE_TRANSFORM_H\t\n\n#include <vImage/vImage_Types.h>\n\n#ifdef __cplusplus\nextern \"C\" {\n#endif\n\n\n/*!", "\n * @functiongroup Image Matrix multiplication\n */\n\n/*\n * vImageMatrixMultiply_Planar16S\n *\n * Transform M source planes to N destination planes by multiplying the\n * M x N transformation matrix by the source planes. ", " A pre-bias may\n * optionally be added to the source planes before the transformation. ", " A \n * post-bias may optionally be added to the resulting destination planes. ", "As \n * a final step the destination planes are divided by a given divisor. ", "\n *\n * if (pre_bias)\n * { bA, bR, bG, ... } = { A + pre_bias[0], R + pre_bias[1],\n * G + pre_bias[2], ... }\n * else \n * { bA, bR, bG, ... } = { A, R, G, ... }\n *\n *\n * { a00 a01 a02 ... }\n * { A', R', G', ...} = { bA, bR, bG, ... } * { a10 a11 a12 ... }\n * { a20 a21 a22 ... }\n * { ... ... ... ... }\n *\n * if (post_bias)\n * { A', R', G', ... } += { post_bias[0], post_bias[1], post_bias[2], ... }\n * else // correct value for normal rounding: divisor/2\n * { A', R', G', ... } += { divisor/2, divisor/2, divisor/2, ... }\n *\n * { A', R', G', ... } /= divisor\n *\n * where the values are:\n * { A', R', ... }\tResulting destination planes (dests). ", " For a concrete \n *\t\t\t\t\texample of the multiply step for one plane:\n *\t\t\t\t\tA' = bA * a00 + bR * a10 + bG * a20 + ... * ...\n *\n * { A, R, ... } Source planes (srcs).", "\n *\n * { bA, bR, ... }\tPre-biased source planes. (", "for demonstration only, never\n *\t\t\t\t\tactually exists)\n *\n * a00, a01, ... Elements in the transformation matrix (matrix).", "\n *\n * pre_bias Pre-bias values corresponding to the source channels.", "\n *\t\t\t\t\tValue is zero when NULL.", "\n *\n * post_bias \t\tPost-bias values corresponding to the destination channels.", "\n *\t\t\t\t\tWhen NULL, the correct value for normal rounding if used,\n *\t\t\t\t\twhich is divisor/2.", "\n *\n * divisor\t\t\tDivisor to normalize the destination planes.", "\t\n *\n * Operands:\n * ---------\n * srcs\t\t\t\tA pointer to an array of vImage_Buffer pointers that\n *\t\t\t\t\treference the source planes. ", "This array must contain\n *\t\t\t\t\tsrc_planes number of vImage_Buffer pointers.", "\n *\n * dests\t\t\tA pointer to an array of vImage_Buffer pointers that \n *\t\t\t\t\treference where to write the destination planes. ", "Only \n *\t\t\t\t\tthe image data pointed to by each vImage_Buffer is modified\n *\t\t\t\t\t(i.e. dests[0]->data), everything else remains unchanged.", "\n *\t\t\t\t\tThis array must contain dest_planes number of vImage_Buffer\n *\t\t\t\t\tpointers.", "\n *\n * src_planes\t\tThe number of source planes. ", " Must be less than 256.", "\n *\n * dest_planes\t\tThe number of destination planes. ", " Must be less than 256.", "\n * \n * matrix\t\t\tThe row major transformation matrix with dest_planes number \n *\t\t\t\t\tof columns and src_planes number of rows. ", " Be aware that if\n *\t\t\t\t\tany column of this matrix sums to a value larger than \n *\t\t\t\t\t+-65538 this function may silently overflow.", "\n *\n * divisor\t\t\tDivision by this value occurs as the last step, in effect\n *\t\t\t\t\tnormalizing the output planes.", "\n *\n * pre_bias\t\t\tAn optional array of length src_planes consisting of int16_t\n *\t\t\t\t\tvalues. ", "Each value will be added to the corresponding\n *\t\t\t\t\tsource plane in srcs. ", " Pass NULL for no pre_bias.", "\n *\n * post_bias\t\tAn optional array of length dest_planes consisting of \n *\t\t\t\t\tint16_t values. ", " Each value will be added to the \n *\t\t\t\t\tcorresponding destination planes in dests. ", " The post_bias\n *\t\t\t\t\tis added before any clipping, rounding or division. ", " Pass \n *\t\t\t\t\tNULL the correct value for for normal rounding (divisor/2).", "\n *\n * flags\t\t\tThe following flags are allowed:\n *\n *\t\tkvImageDoNotTile\t\t\tTurns off internal multithreading. ", "You may\n * \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twish to do this if you have your own\n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmultithreading scheme to avoid having the\n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttwo interfere with one another.", "\n *\n * Return Value:\n * -------------\n * kvImageInvalidKernelSize\t\t\tEither src_planes or dest_planes is 0.", "\n * kvImageBufferSizeMismatch\t\tAll buffers in dests must have the same\n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth and height.", "\n * kvImageROILargerThanSourceBuffer The destination buffer size (width, or\n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\theight) is larger than the source buffer.", "\n * kvImageUnknownFlagsBit\t\t\tUnexpected flag was passed.", "\t\t\n * kvImageNoError\t\t\t\t\tSuccess!", "\n *\n *\n * Comments:\n * ---------\n * Be aware that 32-bit signed accumulators are used in this operation with no\n * overflow protection. ", "To avoid the possibility of overflow, limit the sum\n * of any column in the transformation matrix to values less than +-65536.", "\n * \n * The 32-bit accumulated results out of 16-bit range (+-32767) will be subject \n * clipping before writing to the destination buffer.", "\n *\n * This routine will work in place provided all of the following are true:\n * src.data == dest.data\n * src.rowBytes == dest.rowBytes\n * kvImageDoNotTile is passed\n *\n * Some matrix based color transforms, such as that obtained using kColorSyncConversionMatrix are defined differently.", "\n *\n * ColorSync: p' = M1 * p M1 = colorsync matrix, p = input pixel as column vector, p' = output pixel as column vector\n * vImage: p'T = pT * M2 M2 = vImage matrix,T indicates transpose -- vImage pixels are row vectors\n *\n * Given that (A*B)T = BT*AT, it can be shown that M2 = M1T. So, to use the alternative definition here, you need to transpose the matrix.", "\n *\n * Example:\n * --------\n * To convert RGB to YUV, one might use the following formula:\n *\n * Y = ( ( 66 * R + 129 * G + 25 * B + 128) >> 8) + 16\n * U = ( ( -38 * R - 74 * G + 112 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128\n * V = ( ( 112 * R - 94 * G - 18 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128\n *\n * This translates to a matrix that looks like this:\n *\n * 66 -38 112\n * 129 -74 -94\n * 25 112 -18\n *\n *\t\tPass 256 as the divisor to handle the >> 8 operation. ", " The post_bias\n *\t\targument can handle the addition of { 16, 128, 128 }, however because\n *\t\tthis function performs the division last, this array must be scaled by\n *\t\tthe divisor, yielding a post_bias of:\n *\t\t\tpost_bias = { 16*divisor + divisor/2, 128*divisor + divisor/2, \n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t128*divisor + divisor/2}\n *\t\t\tpost bias = { 4224, 32896, 32896 }\n */\n \nvImage_Error vImageMatrixMultiply_Planar16S( const vImage_Buffer *srcs[],\n const vImage_Buffer *dests[],\t\n uint32_t \t src_planes,\n uint32_t \t dest_planes,\n const int16_t \t matrix[],\n int32_t divisor,\n const int16_t\t *pre_bias,\t\n const int32_t\t *post_bias,\n vImage_Flags \t flags )\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,5)\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n \n/*\n * vImageMatrixMultiply_*\n *\n *\tMultiply the M channels in the src buffers (A,R,G...) by a NxM matrix (a##) to yield N channels in the dest buffer(s)\n *\tFor ARGB interleaved functions, both M and N must be 4. ", "The pre_bias (ca, cr, cg...) is added to the M input channels\n *\tbefore the matrix is applied. ", "The post_bias (ka, kr, kg...) is added afterward. ", "\n *\n * { a00 a10 a20 ... }\n *\t\t{ A', R', G' ...} = { A + ca, R + cr, G + cg, ... } * { a01 a11 a21 ... } + { ka, kr, kg, ....}\n * { a02 a12 a22 ... }\n * { ... ... ... ... }\n *\n *\t\tA', R', G', ... = result channels stored into dests\n *\t\tA, R, G, ... = input channels from srcs\n *\t\tca, cr, cg, ... = pre_bias elements corresponding to the input src channels, or zero if pre_bias is NULL\n *\t\ta00, a11, a12, ... = elmenets from the matrix[]\n *\t\tka, kr, kg, ... = post_bias elements corresponding to the destination dest channels, or zero if post_bias is NULL\n *\n * For integer code, there is an additional division operation that happens at the end, in effect normalizing integer matrices. ", "\n * The post-bias is added before any clipping, rounding or division. ", "If you pass NULL for the post-bias, the correct value for \n * normal rounding will be used:\n *\n * integer: divisor/2\n * floating point: 0.0f \n *\n * Be aware that 32 bit signed accumulators are used for integer code. ", "If the sum over any matrix column is larger \n * than +- 2**23, then overflow may occur. ", "Generally speaking this will not happen because the matrix elements are \n * 16 bit integers, so one would need more than 256 source buffers before it is possible to encounter trouble.", "\n *\n * As an example, to convert RGB to YUV, one might use the following formula:\n *\n * Y = ( ( 66 * R + 129 * G + 25 * B + 128) >> 8) + 16\n * U = ( ( -38 * R - 74 * G + 112 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128\n * V = ( ( 112 * R - 94 * G - 18 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128\n *\n * This translates to a matrix that looks like this:\n *\n * 66 -38 112\n * 129 -74 -94\n * 25 112 -18\n *\n * There is also the >>8 operation and the extra terms to be dealt with. ", "For integer data, you would use a divisor of \n * 256 to account for the >>8 operation. ", "The divisor is applied last after all other multiplications and additions. ", "\n * (For floating point, there is no divisor. ", "Just divide the whole matrix by the divisor if one is needed.) ", "Use the\n * post bias to handle the +128 and {+16, +128, +128} terms. ", "Since the second set happen after the divisor in the \n * formula above, but our post_bias is applied before the divide, you'll need to multiply those biases by the divisor. ", " \n * This will give a post_bias of:\n *\n * { 16 * 256 + 128, 128 * 256 + 128, 128 * 256 + 128 } = { 4224, 32896, 32896 }\n *\n * Finally, if there is an alpha component, such that you wish to convert ARGB to AYUV, leaving the alpha component\n * unchanged then add another row and column:\n *\n * matrix = divisor 0 0 0\n * 0 66 -38 112 \n * 0 129 -74 -94 \n * 0 25 112 -18 \n *\n * post_bias = { divisor/2, 4224, 32896, 32896 }\n * divisor = 256\n *\n * Integer results out of range of 0...255 will be subject to saturated clipping before writing to the destination buffer.", "\n *\n *\n *\tProgramming Note:\n *\t\tThe pre-bias is provided as a convenience. ", "The pre-bias can be converted to a post bias by \n *\tmultiplying it by the matrix, which is what we do behind the scenes. ", "Pass NULL for the pre-bias if\n *\tyou don't want a prebias added in.", "\n *\t\n *\tThese functions work in place as long as overlapping buffers overlap exactly. ", "Buffers that partially overlap\n *\twill yield undefined results. ", "Destination buffers will be stored to in the order they appear in the dests array.", "\n *\tThe buffers all need to be the same size. ", "They can have different rowBytes. ", "\t\n *\n * In cases where the number of src and dest buffers match, these functions will work in place. ", "\n * The source and destination buffers may all be different sizes and have different sized rowbytes. ", "The source buffers must \n * be at least as large as the dest buffers. ", "In cases where the source buffer is larger than a dest buffer, the portion of the \n * source buffer that overlaps the destination buffer when their top left corners are aligned will be used. ", " \n *\n * Some matrix based color transforms, such as that obtained using kColorSyncConversionMatrix are defined differently.", "\n *\n * ColorSync: p' = M1 * p M1 = colorsync matrix, p = input pixel as column vector, p' = output pixel as column vector\n * vImage: p'T = pT * M2 M2 = vImage matrix, T indicates transpose -- vImage pixels are row vectors\n *\n * Given that (A*B)T = BT*AT, we find that M2 = M1T. So, to use the alternatively defined matrix here, you need to transpose the matrix \n * before passing it to vImage.", "\n */\n\nvImage_Error vImageMatrixMultiply_Planar8( const vImage_Buffer *srcs[],\t//A set of src_planes as a const array of pointers to vImage_Buffer structs that reference vImage_Buffers.", "\n const vImage_Buffer *dests[],\t//A set of src_planes as a const array of pointers to vImage_Buffer structs that reference vImage_Buffers.", "\n uint32_t \tsrc_planes,\n uint32_t \tdest_planes,\n const int16_t \tmatrix[],\n int32_t divisor,\n const int16_t\t*pre_bias,\t//A packed array of src_plane int16_t values. ", "NULL is okay\n const int32_t\t*post_bias,\t//A packed array of dest_plane int32_t values. ", "NULL is okay\n vImage_Flags \tflags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\nvImage_Error vImageMatrixMultiply_PlanarF( const vImage_Buffer *srcs[], //A set of src_planes as a const array of pointers to vImage_Buffer structs that reference vImage_Buffers.", "\n const vImage_Buffer *dests[], //A set of src_planes as a const array of pointers to vImage_Buffer structs that reference vImage_Buffers.", "\n uint32_t \tsrc_planes,\n uint32_t \tdest_planes,\n const float\t\tmatrix[],\t\t\n const float \t*pre_bias,\t//A packed array of float values. ", "NULL is okay\n const float \t*post_bias,\t//A packed array of float values. ", "NULL is okay\n vImage_Flags flags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\n/*\n * vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGB8888 will also work for other channel orders such as RGBA8888. ", " The ordering of terms in the matrix, pre_bias and \n * post_bias should be adjusted to compensate.", "\n */\nvImage_Error vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGB8888( const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const int16_t\tmatrix[4*4],\n int32_t divisor,\n const int16_t\t*pre_bias,\t//Must be an array of 4 int16_t's. ", "NULL is okay. ", "\n const int32_t \t*post_bias,\t//Must be an array of 4 int32_t's. ", "NULL is okay. ", "\n vImage_Flags \tflags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\n/*\n * vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGBFFFF will also work for other channel orders such as RGBAFFFF. ", " The ordering of terms in the matrix, pre_bias and \n * post_bias should be adjusted to compensate.", "\n */\nvImage_Error vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGBFFFF( const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const float\t\tmatrix[4*4],\n const float\t\t*pre_bias,\t//Must be an array of 4 floats. ", "NULL is okay. ", "\n const float\t\t*post_bias,\t//Must be an array of 4 floats. ", "NULL is okay. ", "\n vImage_Flags \tflags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\n/*!", "\n * @function vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGB8888ToPlanar8\n * @abstract apply a 1d matrix to a four channel, 8-bit per component image and get a 1-channel 8-bit image as a result\n * @discussion vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGB8888ToPlanar8 is like vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGB8888, except that it produces\n * only a single channel of output. ", "It is intended to produce grayscale images from four channel content,\n * but can be used for other purposes. ", " \n * <pre>@textblock\n * for each pixel[y][x] in image:\n * int32_t p = (pixel[y][x][0] + pre_bias[0]) * matrix[0] +\n * (pixel[y][x][1] + pre_bias[1]) * matrix[1] +\n * (pixel[y][x][2] + pre_bias[2]) * matrix[2] +\n * (pixel[y][x][3] + pre_bias[3]) * matrix[3];\n * result[y][x] = CLAMP( ( p + post_bias ) / divisor, 0, 0xff);\n * @/textblock </pre>\n * If you intend to just extract a single channel without modification (e.g. alpha), please see \n * vImageExtractChannel_ARGB8888. ", " This function will work in place, provided that src->data = dest->data\n * and src->rowBytes = dest->rowBytes. ", " \n *\n * @param src A four channel, 8-bit per component input buffer. ", "It does not have to be ARGB.", "\n *\n * @param dest A preallocated buffer to receive the 8-bit per component monochromatic result.", "\n *\n * @param matrix The 1D matrix by which to multiply each pixel.", "\n *\n * @param divisor Used to renormalize the image after scaling by the matrix. ", "Typically this is the \n * sum over the matrix. ", "If 0, 1 will be used. ", "A faster implementation may be available\n * if the divisor is an integer power of 2.", "\n *\n * @param pre_bias A set of values used to correct the input image so that 0 is encoded as 0. ", " For example,\n * if the input image is 444 AYCbCr video range, then {0, -16, -128, -128} could be used here.", "\n * If NULL, {0,0,0,0} will be used.", "\n * \n * @param post_bias A value added to the sum at the end to provide both for rounding control and for\n * allowing for a bias to be encoded into the image format. ", " Typically, this is just\n * divisor/2 to allow for round to nearest behavior. ", "However, other values may be appropriate\n * if the encoding for 0.0 is not 0. ", " For example, for video range luminance, you might\n * pass 16 * divisor + divisor/2. ", "\n *\n * @param flags The following flags are allowed:\n * <pre> @textblock\n * kvImageNoFlags Default operation\n * kvImageDoNotTile Disable internal multithreading.", "\n * kvImageGetTempBufferSize return 0, do no work\n * kvImagePrintDiagnosticsToConsole Might print more helpful diagnostic info to the console in the event of an\n * error.", "\n * @/textblock</pre>\n *\n * @return The following error codes may be returned:\n * <pre> @textblock\n * kvImageNoError Success.", "\n * 0 If kvImageGetTempBufferSize was passed, 0 is returned and no work is done on the image.", "\n *\n * kvImageRoiLargerThanInputBuffer dest->width and height must be less than or equal to the corresponding dimension of src.", "\n *\n * kvImageUnknownFlagsBit A flag not from the above list of flags was passed in.", "\n * @/textblock </pre>\n */\nvImage_Error vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGB8888ToPlanar8( const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const int16_t matrix[4],\n int32_t divisor,\n const int16_t pre_bias[4],\n int32_t post_bias,\n vImage_Flags flags )\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3)\n __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_11, __IPHONE_9_0 );\n\n \n/*!", "\n * @function vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGBFFFFToPlanarF\n * @abstract apply a 1d matrix to a four channel, float per component image and get a 1-channel float image as a result\n * @discussion vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGBFFFFToPlanarF is like vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGBFFFF, except that it produces\n * only a single channel of output. ", "It is intended to produce grayscale images from four channel content,\n * but can be used for other purposes.", "\n * <pre>@textblock\n * for each pixel[y][x] in image:\n * float p = (pixel[y][x][0] + pre_bias[0]) * matrix[0] +\n * (pixel[y][x][1] + pre_bias[1]) * matrix[1] +\n * (pixel[y][x][2] + pre_bias[2]) * matrix[2] +\n * (pixel[y][x][3] + pre_bias[3]) * matrix[3];\n * result[y][x] = p + post_bias;\n * @/textblock </pre>\n * vImage reserves the right to reorder computation from the above formulation to improve performance.", "\n * If you intend to just extract a single channel without modification (e.g. alpha), please see\n * vImageExtractChannel_ARGBFFFF. ", "This function will work in place, provided that src->data = dest->data\n * and src->rowBytes = dest->rowBytes.", "\n *\n * @param src A four channel, floating-point input buffer. ", "It does not have to be ARGB.", "\n *\n * @param dest A preallocated buffer to receive the floating-point monochromatic result.", "\n *\n * @param matrix The 1D matrix by which to multiply each pixel.", "\n *\n * @param pre_bias A set of values used to correct the input image so that 0 is encoded as 0.", "\n * If NULL, {0,0,0,0} will be used.", "\n*\n * @param post_bias A value added to the sum at the end to provide both for rounding control and for\n * allowing for a bias to be encoded into the image format. ", " Typically, this is just\n * zero.", "\n *\n * @param flags The following flags are allowed:\n * <pre> @textblock\n * kvImageNoFlags Default operation\n * kvImageDoNotTile Disable internal multithreading.", "\n * kvImageGetTempBufferSize return 0, do no work\n * kvImagePrintDiagnosticsToConsole Might print more helpful diagnostic info to the console in the event of an\n * error.", "\n * @/textblock</pre>\n *\n * @return The following error codes may be returned:\n * <pre> @textblock\n * kvImageNoError Success.", "\n * 0 If kvImageGetTempBufferSize was passed, 0 is returned and no work is done on the image.", "\n *\n * kvImageRoiLargerThanInputBuffer dest->width and height must be less than or equal to the corresponding dimension of src.", "\n *\n * kvImageUnknownFlagsBit A flag not from the above list of flags was passed in.", "\n * @/textblock </pre>\n */\nvImage_Error vImageMatrixMultiply_ARGBFFFFToPlanarF( const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const float matrix[4],\n const float pre_bias[4],\n float post_bias,\n vImage_Flags flags )\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3)\n __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_11, __IPHONE_9_0 );\n\n \n/*\n * The gamma calculation is at the simplest level:\n *\n * if( value < 0) \n * sign = -1.0f;\n * else\n * sign = 1.0f;\n *\n * result = pow( fabs( value ), gamma ) * sign;\n *\n * i.e. negative values are treated as if they are positive, and the sign restored at the end.", "\n *\n * This provides for symmetric gamma curves about 0, and also solves the problem of NaN results from\n * pow( negative number, non-integer). ", "\n *\n * The results are available in two varieties, full and half precision. ", "The full precision version covers\n * all pixel values and all exponents and delivers a result within a few ULPs of the IEEE-754 correct powf().", "\n * \n * The half precision variant provides a precision of ±1/4096: \n *\n * fabs((correct result - result provided)) < 1/4096\n *\n * Half-precision is intended to be used with data that will ultimately be converted to 8-bit integer data. ", "\n * As such, the faster half precision variants only work for floating point pixel values in the range 0.0 ... 1.0.", "\n * Out of range pixel values will clamp appropriately to 0.0 or 1.0 before the calculation is performed. ", "\n *\n * In addition, there are restrictions on range on the exponent. ", "In general, for best performance, it should be near 1.0,\n * though a faster path exists out to +-12. ", "If the exponent is outside the prescribed range the code will return a full \n * precision gamma instead. (", "In MacOS X.4.3 and earlier, all exponents fall back on the full precision version. ) ", " \n *\n * Half precision calculations that conform to these restrictions are likely to be much faster \n * than the full precision gamma. ", "Use kvImageGamma_UseGammaValue and kvImageGamma_UseGammaValue_half_precision \n * to control whether you get a full or half precision result. ", "kvImageGamma_UseGammaValue will never use a \n * half-precision calculation.", "\n *\n * There are some additional gamma types for specific gamma curves. ", "These are precise to ±1/4096, share the same\n * restrictions as above for the half precision gamma, but execute in less time. (", "These fixed exponent gamma curves\n * are present in MacOS X.4, unless otherwise noted below.)", "\n *\n * vImageGamma_PlanarF and vImageGamma_PlanarFToPlanar8 will work in place, provided that the following are true:\n * src->data == dest->data\n * src->rowBytes >= dest->rowBytes\n * if( src->rowBytes > dest->rowBytes ) kvImageDoNotTile must be passed in the flags parameter\n *\n * vImageGamma_Planar8ToPlanarF will NOT work in place. ", "\n *\n * For the func\n *\n * These functions will also work for multichannel data, such as RGBAFFFF buffers by adjusting the width of the buffer to \n * reflect the additional channels. ", "Note that this will cause the alpha channel if there is one to become gamma corrected.", "\n */\n\n/*\n * constants for use in the gamma_type\n */\nenum\n{\n kvImageGamma_UseGammaValue = 0, /* __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n kvImageGamma_UseGammaValue_half_precision = 1, /* __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n kvImageGamma_5_over_9_half_precision = 2, /* gamma = 5/9. (", "Gamma 1/1.8) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n kvImageGamma_9_over_5_half_precision = 3, /* gamma = 9/5. (", "Gamma 1.8) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n kvImageGamma_5_over_11_half_precision = 4, /* gamma = 5/11. (", "Gamma 1/2.2) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n kvImageGamma_11_over_5_half_precision = 5, /* gamma = 11/5. (", "Gamma 2.2) On exit, gamma = 5/11. __", "OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n kvImageGamma_sRGB_forward_half_precision = 6, /* gamma = sRGB standard 2.2. (", "like 2.2 but offset a bit and with a linear segment: x<0.03928?x/12.92:pow((x+0.055)/1.055,2.4) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n kvImageGamma_sRGB_reverse_half_precision = 7, /* gamma = sRGB standard 1/2.2. (", "like 2.2 but offset a bit and with a linear segment: x<0.00304?12.92*x:1.055pow(x,1/2.4)-0.055) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n kvImageGamma_11_over_9_half_precision = 8, /* gamma = 11/9 (Gamma (11/5)/(9/5)) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n kvImageGamma_9_over_11_half_precision = 9, /* gamma = 9/11 (Gamma (9/5)/(11/5)) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n\tkvImageGamma_BT709_forward_half_precision\t=\t10,\t\t\t/* gamma = ITU-R BT.709 standard (like sRGB above but without the 1.125 viewing gamma for computer graphics: x<0.081?x/4.5:pow((x+0.099)/1.099, 1/0.45) ) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n\tkvImageGamma_BT709_reverse_half_precision\t=\t11\t\t\t/* gamma = ITU-R BT.709 standard *reverse* (like sRGB 1/2.2 above but without the 1.125 viewing gamma for computer graphics: x<0.018?4.5*x:1.099*pow(x,0.45)-0.099) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 ) */\n};\n\nGammaFunction vImageCreateGammaFunction( float gamma,\n int gamma_type,\n vImage_Flags flags ) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\nvoid vImageDestroyGammaFunction( GammaFunction f ) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\n/* There is a 8 bit lookup table in Conversion.h, if you are looking for a 8bit to 8bit gamma function. */", "\nvImage_Error vImageGamma_Planar8toPlanarF( const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest, \n const GammaFunction gamma,\n vImage_Flags flags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n \nvImage_Error vImageGamma_PlanarFtoPlanar8( const vImage_Buffer *src, \n const vImage_Buffer *dest, \n const GammaFunction gamma,\n vImage_Flags flags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n \nvImage_Error vImageGamma_PlanarF( const vImage_Buffer *src, \n const vImage_Buffer *dest, \n const GammaFunction gamma,\n vImage_Flags flags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n \n/* vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar8\n * vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar8toPlanar16Q12\n * vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar8toPlanarF\n * vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar16Q12\n * vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar16Q12toPlanar8\n * vImagePiecewiseGamma_PlanarF\n * vImagePiecewiseGamma_PlanarFtoPlanar8\n *\n * The piecewise gamma calculation combines a linear and an exponential (gamma)\n * curve on two regions of the input interval, separated by a user-supplied\n * boundary value. ", " When the input is greater or equal to the boundary value,\n * the gamma curve is used to generate the output. ", "Otherwise, the linear curve\n * is used.", "\n *\n * The operation can be described as follows:\n *\n * For each source pixel value x:\n * sign = x < 0 ? ", "-1 : 1\n * absx = x < 0 ? ", "-x : x\n * if absx < cutoff:\n * output pixel value = sign * (linearCoeffs[0]*absx + linearCoeffs[1])\n * else:\n * y = exponentialCoeffs[0]*absx + exponentialCoeffs[1]\n * output pixel value = sign * (pow(y, gamma) + exponentialCoeffs[2])\n *\n * If y is negative, the result is undefined.", "\n *\n * If the source format is Planar8, we multiply by 1/255.0 to get the \"input\"\n * value used in the expression above; if the destination format is Planar8,\n * we clamp the output value to [0, 1.0], multiply by 255.0 and round to\n * nearest to get the value stored to the destination buffer.", "\n *\n * If the source format is Planar16Q12, we multiply by 1/4096.0 to get the\n * input value; we clamp to [-8, 8), multiply by 4096.0, and round to nearest\n * to get the stored to the destination buffer.", "\n *\n * Regardless of the input or output pixel type, the parameters describing the\n * piecewise gamma function are 32-bit floats, with the single exception of the\n * boundary parameter.", "\n *\n * Operands:\n * ---------\n * src A pointer to a vImage_Buffer that references the source pixels\n *\n * dest A pointer to a vImage_Buffer that references the destination pixels\n *\n * exponentialCoeffs An array of three floating point coefficients for the gamma curve\n *\n * gamma The exponent of a power function for calculating gamma correction\n *\n * linearCoeffs An array of two floating point coefficients for the linear curve\n *\n * boundary The boundary value for switching from linear to gamma curve\n *\n * flags The following flags are allowed:\n *\n * kvImageDoNotTile Turns off internal multithreading. ", "You may\n * wish to do this if you have your own\n * multithreading scheme to avoid having the\n * two interfere with one another.", "\n *\n * kvImageGetTempBufferSize Does no work and returns zero.", "\n *\n * Return Value:\n * -------------\n * kvImageNoError Success!", "\n * kvImageNullPointerArgument src, dest, exponentialCoeffs, or linearCoeffs pointer is NULL.", "\n * kvImageBufferSizeMismatch The destination buffer size (width or\n * height) is larger than the source buffer.", "\n * kvImageUnknownFlagsBit An unknown or invalid flag was passed. ", "See flags above.", "\n *\n * The variants of this routine that have source and dest pixel types of the\n * same size (Planar8, Planar16Q12, and PlanarF) operate in place so long as\n * the source and dest image scanlines overlap exactly. ", " The other variants\n * (Planar8toPlanar16Q12, Planar8toPlanarF, etc) do not support in-place\n * operation.", "\n */\n\nvImage_Error vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar8(const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const float exponentialCoeffs[3],\n const float gamma,\n const float linearCoeffs[2],\n const Pixel_8 boundary,\n vImage_Flags flags) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n \nvImage_Error vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar8toPlanar16Q12(const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const float exponentialCoeffs[3],\n const float gamma,\n const float linearCoeffs[2],\n const Pixel_8 boundary,\n vImage_Flags flags) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n \nvImage_Error vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar16Q12(const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const float exponentialCoeffs[3],\n const float gamma,\n const float linearCoeffs[2],\n const Pixel_16S boundary,\n vImage_Flags flags) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n \nvImage_Error vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar16Q12toPlanar8(const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const float exponentialCoeffs[3],\n const float gamma,\n const float linearCoeffs[2],\n const Pixel_16S boundary,\n vImage_Flags flags) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n \nvImage_Error vImagePiecewiseGamma_Planar8toPlanarF(const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const float exponentialCoeffs[3],\n const float gamma,\n const float linearCoeffs[2],\n const Pixel_8 boundary,\n vImage_Flags flags) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n\nvImage_Error vImagePiecewiseGamma_PlanarF(const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const float exponentialCoeffs[3],\n const float gamma,\n const float linearCoeffs[2],\n const float boundary,\n vImage_Flags flags) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n \nvImage_Error vImagePiecewiseGamma_PlanarFtoPlanar8(const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const float exponentialCoeffs[3],\n const float gamma,\n const float linearCoeffs[2],\n const float boundary,\n vImage_Flags flags) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n\n/*\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial*\n *\n * Apply one or more polynomials to the input image to give the output image. ", " \n *\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial_Planar8toPlanarF uses 8 bit data on input and produces floating point data.", "\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarFtoPlanar8 uses floating point data on input and produces 8-bit data with saturated clamping at 0 and 255 to prevent modulo overflow.", "\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF floating point data on both input and output.", "\n * vImageTableLookUp_Planar8 uses 8 bit data and produces 8 bit data. ", "In certain cases, the matrix multiply function may also be appropriate.", "\n *\n * No other arithmetic is done. ", "If you wish a /255 or *255 operation to be done as part of the calculation, you must incorporate that into your polynomial.", "\n *\n * The arrangement of the polynomials is defined as follows:\n * Let there be N polynomials that each cover part of the single precision floating point range that are arranged in order of area of influence from -Infinity to Infinity.", "\n * The ith polynomial shall operate on the set of input pixel values that fall in the range: \n *\n * boundary[i] <= pixel_value < boundary[i+1]. ", "\n *\n * for which:\n *\n * boundary[0] = smallest value fit by the polynomial. ", "Input pixels smaller than this will be clamped to this value before the calculation is done. ", "Use -Inf for no lower limit.", "\n * boundary[N] = largest value fit by the polynomial. ", "Input pixels larger than this will be clamped to this value before the calculation is done. ", "Use +Inf for no upper limit.", "\n * boundary[1....N-1] = the boundaries separating the input ranges covered by the various polynomials provided (see below)\n *\n * NaNs will return NaNs. ", "The last polynomial also operates on Inf. ", " N must be an integer power of 2.", "\n * Values found in the destination array are undefined until after the function returns.", "\n *\t The behavior is undefined if boundaries are NaN.\n *\n * These functions will also work for multichannel data, such as RGBAFFFF buffers by adjusting the width of the buffer to \n * reflect the additional channels. ", "Note that this will cause the alpha channel, if there is one, to become modified like the other channels.", "\n * These will work in place, provided that the following are true:\n * src->data == dest->data\n * src->rowBytes >= dest->rowBytes\n * if( src->rowBytes > dest->rowBytes ) kvImageDoNotTile must be passed in the flags parameter\n\n *\n * The input parameters are as follows:\n *\n * src = a pointer to a vImage_Buffer containing the input data for the function\n * dest = a pointer to a vImage_Buffer structure that describes where to write the results\n *\n * coefficients = a packed array of pointers to packed arrays of (order+1) polynomial coefficients ( i.e. coefficients[ N ][ order + 1 ] ). ", "\n * The polynomials must appear in order from least to greatest sorted by area of influence.", "\n * The polynomials must all be of the same order. ", "\n * The polynomial coefficients are sorted from 0th order term to highest order term \n *\n * boundaries = a packed array of (N+1) floating point values that mark the dividing line between one polynomial and the next. ", "These must be sorted from most negative to most positive. ", "\n *\t\t\t\t\t\tInput pixel values less than boundaries[0] will be clamped to be equal to boundaries[0] before the calculation is done\n *\t\t\t\t\t\tInput pixel values greater than boundaries[N] will be clamped to be equal to boundaries[N] before the calculation is done\n *\n * order = the number of coefficients minus one used for each polynomial -- all the polynomials must be of the same order\n * A polynomial with _two_ coefficients (y = c0 + c1 * x) is a _first_ order polynomial. ", "Pass 1 for a first order polynomial. ", "Pass 2 for a second order polynomial, etc. ", "\n *\n * log2segments = log2(N) \n *\n * flags = no flags are currently honored. ", "You must pass zero here.", "\n *\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF will work in place.", "\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial_Planar8toPlanarF will work in place.", "\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarFtoPlanar8 will NOT work in place.", "\n *\n * Performance advisory: \n * It costs much more to resolve additional polynomials than to work with higher order polynomials. ", "\n * For performance, you are typically better off with one 9th order polynomial that spans the range you are \n * interested in than many first order polynomials that cover the area in a piecewise fashion.", "\n * Vector code execution time is roughly proportional to:\n *\n * time = (base cost to touch all the data) + polynomial order + 4 * log2segments\n *\n * The vector code for an unsplit 13th order polynomial should be about as fast as vImageLookupTable_Planar8toPlanarF() \n * on a G4.", "\n *\n * With data not in cache, the time may be significantly different. ", "For sufficiently small polynomials, the \n * cost may be a fixed cost, dependent only on how much data is touched, and not on polynomial order.", "\n *\n * This performance behavior is provided to help developers evaluate speed tradeoffs. ", "It is not a guarantee.", "\n * It is subject to change in future operating system revisions, and may be different on different hardware\n * within the same or different operating system revisions. ", "\n *\n * Vector code is not invoked for log2segments > 3.", "\n *\n * Accuracy advisory:\n * Single precision floating point arithmetic is used. ", "While some polynomials may fit a desired curve \n * within prescribed error limits when using infinite precision math, limited floating point precision \n * may in practice cause significant error to accumulate for some sets of polynomial coefficients. ", "It is \n * recommended that you test all reasonable floating point pixel values to make sure that they do indeed\n * give results that conform to prescribed error limits. ", "\n * \n *\n * Usage Example:\n * --------------\n * Lets say you want to mimic the sRGB gamma curve using vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF. The sRGB gamma curve is defined as follows:\n *\n * if( {R,G,B} < 0.00304 )\n * result = 12.92 * {R,G,B}\n * else\n * result = -0.055 + 1.055 * Pow( {R,G,B}, 2.4 )\n *\n * Because the power function isn't a polynomial and we need a polynomial, we will approximate it with a second order polynomial:\n *\n * if( {R,G,B} < 0.00304 )\n * result = 12.92 * {R,G,B}\n * else\n * result = c0 + c1 * {R,G,B} + c2 * {R,G,B}^2\n *\n * (Finding the best values for c0, c1, c2 to approximate -0.055 + 1.055 * Pow( {R,G,B}, 2.4 ) over the range [0.00304, 1.0] is \n * left as an exercise for the reader.) ", "\n *\n * We have two polynomials -- one for the region below 0.00304 and one for the region above, so N = 2.", "\n * The highest order polynomial is a second order polynomial, so order = 2.", "\n *\n * const int N = 2; // two polynomials \n * const int order = 2; // the polynomials are second order (have three terms, including zero terms)\n *\n * The two polynomials are:\n *\n * float linearPart[ order + 1 ] = { 0, 12.92, 0 }; // result = 0 + 12.92 * {R,G,B} + 0 * {R,G,B} * {R,G,B}\n * float nonLinearPart[ order + 1 ] = { c0, c1, c2 }; // result = c0 + c1 * {R,G,B} + c2 * {R,G,B} * {R,G,B}\n *\n * Here we assemble the rest of the information:\n * \n * float *coefficients[ N ] = { linearPart, nonLinearPart }; // sorted in order of area of influence from least to greatest. ( ", "x < 0.00304, x >= 0.00304 )\n * float boundaries[ N+1 ] = { 0.0f, 0.00304, 1.0f }; // sorted in order from least to greatest. ", "0.0f and 1.0f define the range over which the polynomials are valid. ", "0.00304 is the single value separating the two polynomials\n * int log2segments = 1; // log2(N)\n * int flags = 0; // no flags\n *\n * vImage_Error error = vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF( &mySourceBuffer, &myDestinationBuffer, coefficients, boundaries, order, log2segments, flags );\n */\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nvImage_Error vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF( const vImage_Buffer *src, //floating point data\n const vImage_Buffer *dest, //floating point data\n const float **coefficients,\n const float *boundaries,\n uint32_t order,\n uint32_t log2segments,\n vImage_Flags flags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,4) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\n\n\nvImage_Error vImagePiecewisePolynomial_Planar8toPlanarF( const vImage_Buffer *src, //8-bit data\n const vImage_Buffer *dest, //floating point data\n const float **coefficients,\n const float *boundaries,\n uint32_t order,\n uint32_t log2segments,\n vImage_Flags flags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,4) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\nvImage_Error vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarFtoPlanar8( const vImage_Buffer *src, //floating point data\n const vImage_Buffer *dest, //8-bit data\n const float **coefficients,\n const float *boundaries,\t/*The 0th and Nth terms in the boundaries array are typically 0.0f and 255.0f respectively. ", "Other values may incur additional computational cost. */", "\n uint32_t order,\n uint32_t log2segments,\n vImage_Flags flags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,4) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\n \n/*\n * vImageSymmetricPiecewisePolynomial*\n *\n * Apply one or more polynomials to the input image to give the output image. ", " The polynomial p(x) is provided as a \n * series of coefficients. ", " e.g.:\n *\n * p(x,i) = coefficient[i][0] + (coefficient[i][1] + (coefficient[i][2] + coefficient[i][3]*x)*x)*x; (assuming a 3rd order polynomial)\n *\n * This is just like vImagePiecewisePolynomial_<fmt>. ", " However, when it is applied, a modified polynomial p'(x) is actually used:\n *\n * p'(x) = p(fabsf(x)) * copysignf( 1.0f, x)\n *\n * This makes the polynomial C2 symmetric about the origin. ", " That is, the negative domain looks like the positive domain, rotated 180 degrees about the origin.", "\n *\n * vImageSymmetricPiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF floating point data on both input and output.", "\n *\n * The arrangement of the polynomials is defined as follows:\n * Let there be N polynomials that each cover part of the single precision floating point range that are arranged in order of area of influence from -Infinity to Infinity.", "\n * The ith polynomial shall operate on the set of input pixel values that fall in the range:\n *\n * boundary[i] <= pixel_value < boundary[i+1].", "\n *\n * for which:\n *\n * boundary[0] = smallest value fit by the polynomial. ", "Input pixels smaller than this will be clamped to this value before the calculation is done. ", "Use -Inf for no lower limit.", "\n * boundary[N] = largest value fit by the polynomial. ", "Input pixels larger than this will be clamped to this value before the calculation is done. ", "Use +Inf for no upper limit.", "\n * boundary[1....N-1] = the boundaries separating the input ranges covered by the various polynomials provided (see below)\n *\n * NaNs will return NaNs. ", "The last polynomial also operates on Inf. ", " N must be an integer power of 2.", "\n * Values found in the destination array are undefined until after the function returns.", "\n *\t The behavior is undefined if boundaries are NaN.\n *\n * These functions will also work for multichannel data, such as RGBAFFFF buffers by adjusting the width of the buffer to\n * reflect the additional channels. ", "Note that this will cause the alpha channel, if there is one, to become modified like the other channels.", "\n * These will work in place, provided that the following are true:\n * src->data == dest->data\n * src->rowBytes >= dest->rowBytes\n * if( src->rowBytes > dest->rowBytes ) kvImageDoNotTile must be passed in the flags parameter\n \n *\n * The input parameters are as follows:\n *\n * src = a pointer to a vImage_Buffer containing the input data for the function\n * dest = a pointer to a vImage_Buffer structure that describes where to write the results\n *\n * coefficients = a packed array of pointers to packed arrays of (order+1) polynomial coefficients ( i.e. coefficients[ N ][ order + 1 ] ).", "\n * The polynomials must appear in order from least to greatest sorted by area of influence.", "\n * The polynomials must all be of the same order.", "\n * The polynomial coefficients are sorted from 0th order term to highest order term\n *\n * boundaries = a packed array of (N+1) floating point values that mark the dividing line between one polynomial and the next. ", "These must be sorted from most negative to most positive.", "\n *\t\t\t\t\t\tInput pixel values less than boundaries[0] will be clamped to be equal to boundaries[0] before the calculation is done\n *\t\t\t\t\t\tInput pixel values greater than boundaries[N] will be clamped to be equal to boundaries[N] before the calculation is done\n *\n * order = the number of coefficients minus one used for each polynomial -- all the polynomials must be of the same order\n * A polynomial with _two_ coefficients (y = c0 + c1 * x) is a _first_ order polynomial. ", "Pass 1 for a first order polynomial. ", "Pass 2 for a second order polynomial, etc.", "\n *\n * log2segments = log2(N)\n *\n * flags = no flags are currently honored. ", "You must pass zero here.", "\n *\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF will work in place.", "\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial_Planar8toPlanarF will work in place.", "\n * vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarFtoPlanar8 will NOT work in place.", "\n *\n * Performance advisory:\n * It costs much more to resolve additional polynomials than to work with higher order polynomials.", "\n * For performance, you are typically better off with one 9th order polynomial that spans the range you are\n * interested in than many first order polynomials that cover the area in a piecewise fashion.", "\n * Vector code execution time is roughly proportional to:\n *\n * time = (base cost to touch all the data) + polynomial order + 4 * log2segments\n *\n * The vector code for an unsplit 13th order polynomial should be about as fast as vImageLookupTable_Planar8toPlanarF()\n * on a G4.", "\n *\n * With data not in cache, the time may be significantly different. ", "For sufficiently small polynomials, the\n * cost may be a fixed cost, dependent only on how much data is touched, and not on polynomial order.", "\n *\n * This performance behavior is provided to help developers evaluate speed tradeoffs. ", "It is not a guarantee.", "\n * It is subject to change in future operating system revisions, and may be different on different hardware\n * within the same or different operating system revisions.", "\n *\n * Vector code is not invoked for log2segments > 3.", "\n *\n * Accuracy advisory:\n * Single precision floating point arithmetic is used. ", "While some polynomials may fit a desired curve\n * within prescribed error limits when using infinite precision math, limited floating point precision\n * may in practice cause significant error to accumulate for some sets of polynomial coefficients. ", "It is\n * recommended that you test all reasonable floating point pixel values to make sure that they do indeed\n * give results that conform to prescribed error limits.", "\n *\n *\n * Usage Example:\n * --------------\n * Lets say you want to mimic the sRGB gamma curve using vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF. The sRGB gamma curve is defined as follows:\n *\n * if( {R,G,B} < 0.00304 )\n * result = 12.92 * {R,G,B}\n * else\n * result = -0.055 + 1.055 * Pow( {R,G,B}, 2.4 )\n *\n * Because the power function isn't a polynomial and we need a polynomial, we will approximate it with a second order polynomial:\n *\n * if( {R,G,B} < 0.00304 )\n * result = 12.92 * {R,G,B}\n * else\n * result = c0 + c1 * {R,G,B} + c2 * {R,G,B}^2\n *\n * (Finding the best values for c0, c1, c2 to approximate -0.055 + 1.055 * Pow( {R,G,B}, 2.4 ) over the range [0.00304, 1.0] is\n * left as an exercise for the reader.)", "\n *\n * We have two polynomials -- one for the region below 0.00304 and one for the region above, so N = 2.", "\n * The highest order polynomial is a second order polynomial, so order = 2.", "\n *\n * const int N = 2; // two polynomials\n * const int order = 2; // the polynomials are second order (have three terms, including zero terms)\n *\n * The two polynomials are:\n *\n * float linearPart[ order + 1 ] = { 0, 12.92, 0 }; // result = 0 + 12.92 * {R,G,B} + 0 * {R,G,B} * {R,G,B}\n * float nonLinearPart[ order + 1 ] = { c0, c1, c2 }; // result = c0 + c1 * {R,G,B} + c2 * {R,G,B} * {R,G,B}\n *\n * Here we assemble the rest of the information:\n *\n * float *coefficients[ N ] = { linearPart, nonLinearPart }; // sorted in order of area of influence from least to greatest. ( ", "x < 0.00304, x >= 0.00304 )\n * float boundaries[ N+1 ] = { 0.0f, 0.00304, 1.0f }; // sorted in order from least to greatest. ", "0.0f and 1.0f define the range over which the polynomials are valid. ", "0.00304 is the single value separating the two polynomials\n * int log2segments = 1; // log2(N)\n * int flags = 0; // no flags\n *\n * vImage_Error error = vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF( &mySourceBuffer, &myDestinationBuffer, coefficients, boundaries, order, log2segments, flags );\n */\nvImage_Error vImageSymmetricPiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF( const vImage_Buffer *src, //floating point data\n const vImage_Buffer *dest, //floating point data\n const float **coefficients,\n const float *boundaries,\n uint32_t order,\n uint32_t log2segments,\n vImage_Flags flags )\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,4)\n __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_11, __IPHONE_9_0 );\n\n \n/*\n * vImagePiecewiseRational_PlanarF is similar to vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF\n * Except that it evaluates a piecewise rational expression in the form of:\n *\n * c0 + c1*x + c2*x^2 + c3*x^3...\n * result = -----------------------------------\n * d0 + d1*x + d2*x^2 + d3*x^3...\n *\n * The function is behaves nearly exactly like vImagePiecewisePolynomial_PlanarF, except that\n * there are now two polynomials, for top and bottom of the divide shown above. ", "Each\n * polynomial has its own set of coefficients and its own polynomial order. ", "The two \n * polynomials share the same set of segment boundaries. ", "If the polynomials are split then \n * all the top polynomials must be of the same order, and all the bottom polynomials must \n * be of the same order. ", "However, regardless of whether the polynomial is split or not,\n * the top polynomials do not need to be the same order as the bottom polynomials.", "\n *\n * This function does not deliver IEEE-754 correct division. ", "The divide does not round per\n * the IEEE-754 current rounding mode. ", "It incurs up to 2 ulps of error. ", "Edge cases involving \n * denormals, infinities, NaNs and division by zero return undefined results. (", "They will not \n * crash, but NaN is a likely result in such cases.) ", "Denormals can be rescued on AltiVec enabled \n * machines by turning off the Non-Java bit in the VSCR, at the expense of taking a many-thousand \n * cycle kernel exception every time a denormal number is encountered. ", "Since you can predict ahead \n * of time whether a given set of bounded polynomials is going to encounter these conditions, \n * this problem should be avoidable by wise choice of polynomials. ", "Developers who require IEEE-754 \n * correct results should call the polynomial evaluator above twice and do the division themselves. ", "\n *\n * These functions will also work for multichannel data, such as RGBAFFFF buffers by adjusting the \n * width of the buffer to reflect the additional channels. ", "Note that this will cause the alpha channel, \n * if there is one, to become modified like the other channels.", "\n *\n * These will work in place, provided that the following are true:\n * src->data == dest->data\n * src->rowBytes >= dest->rowBytes\n * if( src->rowBytes > dest->rowBytes ) kvImageDoNotTile must be passed in the flags parameter\n\n * Performance Advisory:\n * Approximate cost of evaluating a rational (in the same units as polynomial above) is:\n *\n * time = (base cost to touch all the data) \n * + top polynomial order \n * + bottom polynomial order \n * + 4 \n * + 4 * log2segments\n *\n * With data not in cache, the time may be significantly different. ", "For sufficiently small polynomials, the \n * cost may be a fixed cost, dependent only on how much data is touched, and not on polynomial order.", "\n *\n * This performance behavior is provided to help developers evaluate speed tradeoffs. ", "It is not a guaranteed. ", "\n * It is subject to change in future operating system revisions, and may be different on different hardware\n * within the same or different operating system revisions. ", "\n *\n */\nvImage_Error vImagePiecewiseRational_PlanarF( const vImage_Buffer *src, //floating point data\n const vImage_Buffer *dest, //floating point data\n const float **topCoefficients,\n const float **bottomCoefficients,\n const float *boundaries,\n uint32_t topOrder,\n uint32_t bottomOrder,\n uint32_t log2segments,\n vImage_Flags flags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3,4,5) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n \n/* A simple lookup table:\n *\n * Pixel_16U table[256];\n * Pixel_16U result_pixel = table[input_8_bit_pixel];\n *\n * The input is a buffer of 8-bit pixels. ", "The output is a buffer of 16-bit pixels.", "\n *\n *\tNote: It is okay to use this to convert Planar8 data to other 16 bit types as well, such as 16S or 16F,\n * or ARGB1555 or RGB565 pixels. ", " Simply use an array of the appropriate type for the lookup table.", "\n *\n * This function can also work for multichannel data by scaling the width of the image to compensate for the\n * additional channels. ", "All channels will use the same table.", "\n *\n * vImageLookupTable_Planar8ToPlanar16 will not work in place.", "\n */\n \nvImage_Error vImageLookupTable_Planar8toPlanar16(const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const Pixel_16U table[256],\n vImage_Flags flags)\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0);\n \n/*\n * A simple lookup table:\n *\n * float table[256];\n * float result_pixel = table[ input_8_bit_pixel ];\n *\n * The input is a buffer of 8-bit pixels. ", "The output is a buffer of floating point pixels. ", "\n *\n *\tNote: It is okay to use this to convert Planar8 data to other 32 bit types as well, such as a ARGB8888 pixel. ", "\n *\t\t\tSimply pass a Pixel_8888[256] array instead of a Pixel_F[256] array.", "\n *\n * This function can also work for multichannel data by scaling the width of the image to compensate for the \n * additional channels. ", "All channels will use the same table.", "\n * \n * vImageLookupTable_Planar8ToPlanarF will not work in place.", "\n */\n \nvImage_Error vImageLookupTable_Planar8toPlanarF(const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const Pixel_F table[256],\n vImage_Flags flags)\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0);\n\n\n/*\n * A simple lookup table with floating point inputs:\n *\n * uint8_t table[4096];\n * uint32_t index = (uint32_t) MIN( MAX( input_float_pixel * 4096.0f, 0.0f), 4095.0f);\n * uint8_t result_pixel = table[ index ];\n *\n * The input is a buffer of floating-point pixels. ", "The output is a buffer of 8-bit pixels. ", "\n * This function can also work for multichannel data by scaling the width of the image to compensate for the \n * additional channels. ", "All channels will use the same table.", "\n *\n * vImageLookupTable_PlanarFToPlanar8 will work in place, provided that the following are true:\n * src->data == dest->data\n * src->rowBytes >= dest->rowBytes\n * if( src->rowBytes > dest->rowBytes ) kvImageDoNotTile must be passed in the flags parameter\n */\nvImage_Error\nvImageLookupTable_PlanarFtoPlanar8(\n const vImage_Buffer *src, /* floating point pixels */\n const vImage_Buffer *dest, /* 8-bit pixels */\n const Pixel_8 table[4096],\n vImage_Flags flags )\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\n\n/*\n * vImageLookupTable_8to64U\n *\n * Use a lookup table to remap 0..255 values in the source image to a\n * different set of 64-bit unsigned integer values in the destination.", "\n *\n * uint64_t table[256];\n * uint64_t result_pixel = table[ input_8_bit_pixel ];\n *\n * src A pointer to a vImage_Buffer that references the source pixels\n *\n * dest A pointer to a vImage_Buffer that references the destination pixels\n *\n * table A pointer to the lookup table. ", "The table should be an array with 256 elements.", "\n *\n * flags The following flags are allowed:\n *\n * kvImageDoNotTile Turns off internal multithreading. ", "You may\n * wish to do this if you have your own\n * multithreading scheme to avoid having the\n * two interfere with one another.", "\n *\n * Return Value:\n * -------------\n * kvImageNoError Success!", "\n * kvImageBufferSizeMismatch Sizes of the src and dest images do not match\n * kvImageNullPointerArgument src, dest or table pointer is NULL.", "\n *\n * This routine will not work in place.", "\n *\n */\nvImage_Error\nvImageLookupTable_8to64U(\n const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const uint64_t LUT[256],\n vImage_Flags flags)\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n\n\n/*\n * vImageInterpolatedLookupTable_PlanarF\n *\n * Results are calculated as follows:\n *\n *\tfloat clippedPixel = MAX( MIN( src_pixel, maxFloat ), minFloat );\t//clip src_pixel to be in range\n *\tfloat fIndex = (float) (tableEntries - 1) * (clippedPixel - minFloat ) / (maxFloat - minFloat);\n *\tfloat fract = fIndex - floor( fIndex );\n *\tunsigned long index = fIndex;\n *\tfloat result = table[ index ] * ( 1.0f - fract ) + table[ index + 1] * fract;\n *\n * In English, this translates to a lookup table that contains tableEntries values, that span\n * the input range of minFloat...maxFloat, inclusive, in an evenly spaced fashion.", "\n *\n * tableEntries\n * <--------------------->\n * |\n * r | ****\n * e | * * *\n * s | * *\n * u | * *\n * l | ***** \n * t +--------+---------------------+--------\n * minFloat maxFloat\n *\n *\tIMPORTANT: For correct operation, the table must be allocated to contain tableEntries+1 entries. ", "\n *\t\t\t\tIf the table is too small or the value of table[ tableEntries ] is infinite or NaN, \n *\t\t\t\tbehavior is undefined.", "\n *\n * The function will work in place, provided that the following are true:\n * src->data == dest->data\n * src->rowBytes >= dest->rowBytes\n * if( src->rowBytes > dest->rowBytes ) kvImageDoNotTile must be passed in the flags parameter\n * \n * This function may be used on multichannel images by scaling the width by the number of channels.", "\n * The same table will be used for all the channels, including alpha, if there is an alpha channel.", "\n */\nvImage_Error vImageInterpolatedLookupTable_PlanarF( const vImage_Buffer *src,\n const vImage_Buffer *dest,\n const Pixel_F *table,\n vImagePixelCount tableEntries,\n float maxFloat,\n float minFloat,\n vImage_Flags flags ) VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,3) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_4, __IPHONE_5_0 );\n\n \n/*\n * vImageMultidimensionalTable_Create\n *\n * Creates a vImage_MultidimensionalTable for use with vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_<fmt>(). ", "The\n * input data is a contiguous array of N dimensional samples which define the lookup table grid points.", "\n * The samples have range [0,65535] interpreted as [0, 1.0f]. (", "Samples have an implict divide by 65535\n * in them, like the Planar16U format.) ", " \n *\n * The vImage_MultidimensionalTable is not a CFType.", "\n *\n * Example: \n * Suppose the multidimensional table is intended to convert RGB (3 channel) data to CMYK (4 channel).", "\n * In each of the {R, G, B} dimensions, we have 17 samples. ", "The table is then comprised of\n * 17x17x17=4913 uint16_t[4]'s, each of which contains {C,M,Y,K} for that position. ", "The dimensions\n * are iterated in standard C order (row major). ", "In this case, they would be:\n * \n * {CMYK for R0G0B0, CMYK for R0G0B1, CMYK for R0G0B2, ... CMYK for R0G0B16,\n * CMYK for R0G1B0, CMYK for R0G1B1, CMYK for R0G1B2, ... CMYK for R0G1B16,\n * ...\n * CMYK for R0G16B0, CMYK for R0G16B1, CMYK for R0G16B2, ... CMYK for R0G16B16,\n * CMYK for R1G0B0, CMYK for R1G0B1, CMYK for R1G0B2, ... CMYK for R1G0B16,\n * ...\n * CMYK for R1G16B0, CMYK for R1G16B1, CMYK for R1G16B2, ... CMYK for R1G16B16,\n * ...\n * CMYK for R16G16B0, CMYK for R16G16B1, CMYK for R16G16B2, ... CMYK for R16G16B16 }\n *\n * Parameters:\n * tableData A non-NULL pointer to the data used to build the table\n * numSrcChannels The number of channels in an input pixel\n * numDestChannels The number of channels in an output pixel\n * table_entries_per_dimension An array containing the number of table entries for each dimension in numSrcChannels\n * The entries are in the same order as the channels in the src pixel.", "\n * hint An indication of how the table would be used. ", " Pass either kvImageMDTableHint_16Q12\n * or kvImageMDTableHint_Float or both. ", "If only one is passed, we will save memory\n * and time skipping work to set up the table for unused formats.", "\n * flags\t\t\t\t\t\tThe following flags are allowed:\n *\n *\t\t\t\tkvImageDoNotTile\tTurns off internal multithreading. ", "You may\n * \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twish to do this if you have your own\n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmultithreading scheme to avoid having the\n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttwo interfere with one another.", "\n * err A pointer to a vImage_Error. ", "If err !", "= NULL, on return, the memory pointed to by error\n * will be overwritten with an appropriate error or kvImageNoError. ", "It is sufficient to \n * simply check the LHS return value against NULL to determine whether the function succeeeded.", "\n *\n * Return value:\n * On return a valid vImage_MultidimensionalTable for use with vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_<fmt>\n * if err is not NULL, the memory it points to will be overwritten with an appropriate error code. ", "The \n * vImage_MultidimensionalTable will contain a copy of the data provided in tableData. ", "It is safe to deallocate\n * the input tableData immediately after this call returns.", "\n *\n * \n *\n * Errors:\n * kvImageNoError Success\n * kvImageInvalidParameter hint must be kvImageMDTableHint_16Q12 or kvImageMDTableHint_Float or both\n *\t\tkvImageInvalidParameter numSrcChannels and numDestChannels must be non-zero.", "\n * kvImageNullPointerArgument tableData and table_entries_per_dimension must not be NULL.", "\n * kvImageUnknownFlagsBit An illegal or unknown flag was passed to the function.", "\n * kvImageMemoryAllocationError Can not allocate memory for buffer.", "\n * \n * Use vImageMultidimensionalTable_Release to destroy the vImage_MultidimensionalTable when you are done with it. ", "\n * The vImage_MultidimensionalTable may be reused. ", "The table is immutable, thread-safe and may be used by many \n * vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_<fmt> calls concurrently so long as care is taken that it is not \n * freed while it is being used. ", "To support multithreaded concurrent access, the table follows standard retain/release \n * semantics. ", "On creation the table has a retain count of 1. ", "When the reference count drops to 0, the table is destroyed.", "\n *\n */\n\ntypedef struct vImage_MultidimensionalTableData * vImage_MultidimensionalTable;\n \n/* Hints to describe use of vImage_MultidimensionalTableData look up table. */", "\ntypedef enum\n{\n kvImageMDTableHint_16Q12 = 1, \n kvImageMDTableHint_Float = 2,\n}vImageMDTableUsageHint;\n \nvImage_MultidimensionalTable vImageMultidimensionalTable_Create( const uint16_t *tableData,\n uint32_t numSrcChannels,\n uint32_t numDestChannels,\n const uint8_t table_entries_per_dimension[], /* uint8_t[numSrcChannels] */\n vImageMDTableUsageHint hint,\n vImage_Flags flags,\n vImage_Error *err )\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,4)\n __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n \n/*\n * vImageMultidimensionalTable_Retain\n * vImageMultidimensionalTable_Release\n *\n * A vImage_MultidimensionalTable follows Retain/Release semantics. ", "On creation, the table has a retain count of 1. ", "\n * If you call vImageMultidimensionalTable_Retain on it, the retain count is incremented. ", "If you call \n * vImageMultidimensionalTable_Release on it, the retain count is decremented. ", "When the retain count reaches 0,\n * the object is destroyed. ", "If any vImage function is called on an object whose reference count has already reached \n * 0, behavior is undefined.", "\n *\n * Parameters:\n * table A pointer to vImage_MultidimensionalTableData. ", "If NULL, then nothing happens.", "\n *\n * Errors:\n * kvImageNoError Success\n */\nvImage_Error vImageMultidimensionalTable_Retain( vImage_MultidimensionalTable table ) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\nvImage_Error vImageMultidimensionalTable_Release( vImage_MultidimensionalTable table ) __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n \n/*\n * vImageMultiDimensionalLookupTable_PlanarF\n *\n * vImageMultiDimensionalLookupTable_<fmt> uses the input color channel values (treated as a N-dimensional coordinate)\n * to index a N-dimensional lookup table to find a new color value, possibly in a new color space. ", "The number of color channels\n * in the destination image does not need to match the number of color channels in the source image. ", "The table is created using\n * vImageMultidimensionalTable_Create. ", "\n *\n * In each dimension, the table must be of size (2**K[dimension])+1. ", "The first entry corresponds to 0 and the last to 1.0. ", "The rest\n * correspond to steps at 2**-K[dimension]. (", "K[] is the table_entries_per_dimension[] array in vImageMultidimensionalTable_Create.)", "\n * Thus a 17x17x17 3D lookup table defines the vertices that delineate a grid of 16x16x16 cubes, just as a ruler marked in 16ths of an\n * inch has 17 marks between 0 and 1 inch, inclusive. (", "SI units are usually awkwardly subdivided by powers of 10, rather than powers of 2\n * so we avoid them in this example. :-) ", " The most significant portion of the color channel values are used to index the multidimensional \n * grid. ", "Usually there will be some fractional precision left over. ", " That is used to do a linear interpolation between nearby gridpoints \n * to find the value at that position. ", "If the vImage_InterpolationMethod is kvImageFullInterpolation, then all 2**N (for N dimensions) \n * nearby gridpoints are considered. ", "If the vImage_InterpolationMethod is kvImageHalfInterpolation, then the {0,0,0...}, {1,1,1...} verticies \n * along the gray axis are considered along with N-1 nearest other vertices. ", "\n *\n *\n * Parameters:\n *\n * srcs An array of vImage_Buffers that reference the source image planes. ", "The number of\n * such buffers is given by the numSrcChannels parameter passed to vImageMultidimensionalTable_Create.", "\n *\n * dests An array of vImage_Buffers that reference the destination image planes. ", "The number of\n * such buffers is given by the numDestChannels parameter passed to vImageMultidimensionalTable_Create.", "\n *\n * tempBuffer May be NULL. ", "If non-NULL, this is a pointer to a region of memory that vImage can use as a \n * scratch space for storing temporary data. ", "The minimum size of the scratch space is obtained \n * by calling the function with identical parameters and the kvImageGetTempBufferSize flag.", "\n * If vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_<fmt> can be called from multiple threads\n * simultaneously, the temp buffer must be different (or NULL) for each thread. ", "\n *\n * table A valid table created by vImageMultidimensionalTable_Create\n *\n * method either kvImageFullInterpolation or kvImageHalfInterpolation. ", "See description above.", "\n *\n * flags Must be kvImageNoFlags or one or more from this list:\n * \n * kvImageDoNotTile turn off internal multithreading. ", "\n * kvImageGetTempBufferSize Return the size of temp buffer. ", "It may return 0. ", "Do nothing.", "\n *\n * Error Values:\n *\t\t>= 0 Minimum temp buffer size, if kvImageGetTempBufferSize was specified.", "\n * kvImageNoError Success\n * kvImageNullPointerArgument srcs, dests and table may not be NULL\n * kvImageUnknownFlagsBit An illegal or unknown flag was passed to the function.", "\n * kvImageInvalidParameter An unknown or illegal interpolation method was indicated\n * kvImageInvalidParameter The interpolation method doesn't have a table for the requested data type. ", "\n * This happened because an incorrect vImageMDTableUsageHint was passed to\n * vImageMultidimensionalTable_Create\n * kvImageBufferSizeMismatch Within srcs, all vImage_Buffers must have the same height and width.", "\n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSimilarly, within dests, all vImage_Buffers must have the same height and width.", "\n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOtherwise this error is returned.", "\n * kvImageBufferSizeMismatch The src height and width must be greater than or equal to the destination height\n *\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tand width.", "\n *\n */\n\n/* interpolation method for vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_<fmt>*/\ntypedef enum\n{\n kvImageNoInterpolation = 0, /* nearest neighbor. ", "Fast but probably causes banding and will certainly quantize the histogram. */", "\n kvImageFullInterpolation = 1, /* full linear interpolation */\n kvImageHalfInterpolation = 2 /* partial linear interpolation between vertices on gray axis and N-1 nearest vertices */\n}vImage_InterpolationMethod;\n \nvImage_Error vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_PlanarF( const vImage_Buffer srcs[],\n const vImage_Buffer dests[],\n void *tempBuffer,\n vImage_MultidimensionalTable table,\n vImage_InterpolationMethod method,\n vImage_Flags flags )\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,4)\n __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n\n/*\n * vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_Planar16Q12\n *\n * vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_Planar16Q12 is like vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_PlanarF\n * except that it operates on signed fixed-point data. ", "The 16Q12 format is a signed 16-bit fixed-point value with 12 fractional \n * bits, 3 non-fractional bits and one sign bit. ", "It can represent values in the range (-8,8). ", "However the table always describes \n * a region between [0,1] in each dimension. ", "Values outside this range are clamped to the nearest in-range value by Manhattan \n * distance before indexing the table. ", "See vImageConvert_Planar8to16Q12 and vImageConvert_16Q12toPlanar8 for more on the format.", "\n */\nvImage_Error vImageMultiDimensionalInterpolatedLookupTable_Planar16Q12( const vImage_Buffer srcs[],\n const vImage_Buffer dests[],\n void *tempBuffer,\n vImage_MultidimensionalTable table,\n vImage_InterpolationMethod method, \n vImage_Flags flags )\n VIMAGE_NON_NULL(1,2,4)\n __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING( __MAC_10_9, __IPHONE_7_0 );\n \n \n \n\n#ifdef __cplusplus\n}\n#endif\n\n#endif /* vImage_TRANSFORM_H */\n" ]

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[ "COMPATIBLE: IPHONE 6 (4.7)/ 5S/ 5C/4S, GALAXY S6/S6 EDGE/S5/S4, HTC ONE, MOTOROLA DROID TURBOThe iOttie Active Edge Bike & Bar Mount is one of a kind. ", "It is uniquely designed as well as created to fit a universal range of smartphone devices as well as their cases. ", "Its unique design will provide your smartphone with the ultimate grip and security as you travel down your desired biking path. ", "It allo ...\n\nApple Lightning to Micro USB Adapter lets you connect an iPhone, iPad, or iPod with Lightning connector to micro USB cables and chargers to sync and charge your device.", "\nConnect to micro USB cables and compatible Android phone chargers and Power Bank. ", "Refer picture 3.", "\nWhy need this adapter?", "\nAt your convenience of using most commonly available micro USB cables charger or power bank to char ..." ]

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[ "About this game Developer\n\nAgatsuma\n\nAgatsuma Publisher\n\nNatsume\n\nNatsume Version reviewed\n\n3DS\n\n3DS Price\n\n29.99\n\n29.99 Review copy from\n\nPurchased by the reviewer\n\nIf someone asked you to make a shortlist of likely candidates for themes to build an intricately complex hardcore video game experience around, \"cartoon girl with a fishing rod wandering surreal dreamscapes of pencils and giant sea life\" wouldn't come anywhere near the top 100. ", "Space bros murdering aliens with rocket-powered chainsaw fists? ", "Sure. ", "Ninjas disemboweling japanesque demons amidst geysers of blood? ", "Definitely. ", "Grim police procedurals? ", "For sure. ", "But bizarre schoolgirl daydreams? ", "No way.", "\n\nAnd yet here we have Yumi's Odd Odyssey, which is precisely that. ", "You control one of several young women equipped with nothing but a fishing line and sheer gumption as they navigate complex structures patrolled by freakish walking fish and other outsized marine life. ", "The graphics have a colorful, superdeformed look to them; the music sports a jazzy, upbeat feel; photos of food scroll past in the background. ", "It's weird, it's whimsical... and it's also self-esteem-crushingly hard.", "\n\nNo, this image doesn't make any more sense if you've played the game.", "\n\nAt the heart of Yumi's odyssey is a devastatingly complex grappling mechanic. ", "Inspired by games like Bionic Commando, the intricacy of the grappling and swinging has been the calling card of Yumi's adventures through the years — the feature that truly sets them apart from other, ostensibly similar titles. ", "The elasticity of the fishing line that serves as Yumi's grappling wire makes for some of the trickiest 2D platforming action ever devised, because your wire doesn't just send you swinging back and forth beneath a grappling point in a simple arc. ", "You bounce; you wobble; you snap as you swing. ", "Your momentum vanishes quickly, forcing you to enhance your actions by reeling your line in or out. ", "Where grappling in most games works on a single axis, Yumi must content with multiple axes of motion, along with a detailed model of kinetic motion. ", "Series creator Kiyoshi Sakai once told me that the game's aesthetic was designed to evoke the daydreams of a schoolgirl; one can only assume these daydreams are taking place during physics class.", "\n\nYou will quickly come to realize that you can't get anywhere in Yumi's Odd Odyssey without mastering the ins and outs of your grappling wire. ", "In short order, the odd conglomerations of blocks and bricks that comprise the game's world take on more elaborate configurations. ", "Slippery surfaces send you flying in unwanted directions as friction drops to zero. ", "Conveyer belts create moving scenery for your fish hook to snag onto. ", "And all the while, those gargantuan fish wander back and forth, rarely actively hostile but nevertheless deadly to the touch, confronting you with a dynamic hazard to be avoided at all costs.", "\n\nIn its way, Yumi's Odd Odyssey belongs to the same school of game design as N+, Super Meat Boy, and VVVVVV: High-friction platformers consisting of increasingly difficult action sequences divided into small, self-contained challenges. ", "The action unfolds across dozens of stages, and each one tracks the number of times you've completed it, your record time, and (alas) how many failed attempts you've made. ", "The further you venture into the game, the larger those latter two numbers grow... especially the death counter.", "\n\nThe inmates are running the asylum, and the fish are running the sushi restaurant.", "\n\nWhat sets Yumi's adventure apart from her similarly demanding contemporaries is that the challenge rarely comes from surprises or \"gotcha\" design tricks. ", "Instead, you're forced to master a very complex yet consistent set of mechanics across a huge array of stages that put the physics of the game to the test in different ways. ", "Like the best hard games, every time you fail in this game, you come away with the understanding that you fell short, not the mechanics or controls. ", "You didn't slingshot yourself far enough; you got cocky and forgot to watch for the massive guppy that was patrolling the lower platform, just out of sight; your reach exceeded your grasp and you tried to collect that bonus backpack sitting on a tantalizing ledge before you'd built up sufficient skill to grapple to that point; or any number of other platforming disasters that result from your woeful inadequacy as a grappler.", "\n\nThe incongruity of such a daunting and technical platformer with such frivolous aesthetics makes Yumi's Odd Odyssey a hard sell. ", "That's a big part of the game's appeal, though; for nearly 20 years, this series has done its own idiomatic thing, regardless of salability or mass appeal. ", "Despite its legacy and the backing of an established publisher in Natsume, though, Yumi's Odd Odyssey projects the confident quirkiness of an indie game. ", "It won't be to everyone's tastes, but if you don't mind a little cutesiness in your crushingly difficult platformers, you'll find plenty to love here.", "\n\nThe game never explains if the fish are really huge or if Yumi and her friends are extremely tiny.", "\n\nThe Details\n\nVisuals: Pretty low-rent, but they're not meant to be fancy – just functional. ", "Their simplicity never interferes with the complex game mechanics.", "\n\nPretty low-rent, but they're not meant to be fancy – just functional. ", "Their simplicity never interferes with the complex game mechanics. ", "Sound: So mellow and upbeat they're like to drive you a little crazy, though you can unlock \"retro\" tracks that diffuse the lite jazz feel with Super NES sound fonts.", "\n\nSo mellow and upbeat they're like to drive you a little crazy, though you can unlock \"retro\" tracks that diffuse the lite jazz feel with Super NES sound fonts. ", "Interface: Frankly, the game's interface elements are butt-ugly, but their bare-bones look reinforces the no-nonsense nature of the gameplay.", "\n\nFrankly, the game's interface elements are butt-ugly, but their bare-bones look reinforces the no-nonsense nature of the gameplay. ", "Lasting Appeal: If you're the kind to fall for highly technical platformers, Yumi's Odd Odyssey will hook you. ", "Simply completing the courses is a rigorous challenge, but then there are the hidden collectibles and alternate exits, which demand even greater skill. ", "And if your constant failures don't make you feel lousy enough, you can always compare your completion times to those on the leaderboards...." ]

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[ "Hayley Young set out to build a career in the Navy. ", "Instead, she says she was harassed and raped.", "\n\nHayley Young was raped while serving in the Navy. ", "Now she is trying to change the culture that let it happen. ", "Today, she speaks openly for the first time.", "\n\nIn October, the world woke to an American bombshell. ", "Hollywood heavyweight Harvey Weinstein had been sexually abusing women for years, the New York Times reported. ", "Within days, the handful of allegations became hundreds as actresses came forward detailing decades of bullying, manipulation, attacks and even rape by the famous producer.", "\n\nThe reign of Weinstein came tumbling down in a spectacular fashion: his own company fired him and, soon after, many of the world's famous faces turned their backs on the man who had championed their careers.", "\n\nJOHN COWPLAND/STUFF Hayley had previously had her name suppressed until a High Court order this week overturned it.", "\n\n\"This is the story of one predator and his many victims; but it is also a story about an overwhelming systemic enabling, and until that story is fully told we will fall far short of stopping future depredations on a similar scale,\" filmmaker James Schamus said.", "\n\nREAD MORE:\n\n* Former naval officer wants day in court\n\n* 'Obnoxious' defence forced slammed for failing to provide safe workplace\n\n* Navy hit by rape allegations\n\nIn the wake of Weinstein's alleged offending a global conversation about sexual harassment began. ", "Social media erupted as people detailed their experience of abuse under the hashtag #MeToo.", "\n\nABIGAIL DOUGHERTY/STUFF Hayley Young wants to see a culture change within New Zealand armed forces.", "\n\nFast forward less than a month and the likes of Kevin Spacey, Matt Lauer and Charlie Rose had all been caught up in the chorus of voices calling out men of power and influence for being for misogynistic, predatory, and worse. ", "TIME magazine awarded its Person of the Year cover to the Silence Breakers – the countless women who had spoken out about sexual harassment.", "\n\nThousands of miles away in Hawke's Bay, Hayley Young watched the fallout of the Weinstein scandal. ", "For four years, Young has been fighting to change the culture within her former workplace – the Royal New Zealand Navy.", "\n\nWhile employed with the Navy, she was subjected to years of sexual objectification, and on one occasion she was raped. ", "Last year, she brought an international legal case against both the New Zealand and British governments, arguing they failed to provide her a safe place to work.", "\n\nMIKE BLAKE Young hopes the fallout from the Harvey Weinstein scandal will shape the culture here in New Zealand.", "\n\nThis week, Hayley was granted a High Court order lifting her name suppression so she too could break her silence.", "\n\n\"It seems like the climate is now ready to hear a story like mine.\"", "\n\n'I WAS SO CONFUSED'\n\nSUPPLIED Young pictured while serving in the New Zealand Royal Navy.", "\n\nHayley joined the Naval Reserves as a part-time job while at university. ", "After graduating and working as a chemical engineer in Australia, she was drawn back to the forces. ", "At 23, she applied to join the navy fulltime, was accepted and soon began breezing through basic training.", "\n\nDuring training, she was called into a meeting with the other young female recruits labelled 'reputation management'. ", "The meeting outlined the culture of harassment and sexual advances existing in the organisation and tried to give tips on how to fend unwanted advances away.", "\n\n\"It was things like, 'The guys are going to try it on, they are going to hit on you. ", "Just make sure you look after yourselves',\" she said.", "\n\n\"In hindsight it disempowered me to be able to speak up when things did happen, because I felt like I was failing when I couldn't stand up to it.\"", "\n\nDays later, Hayley was posted to the United Kingdom to begin her training as an engineer at a British naval base. ", "At first, the staff were treated like royalty, but slowly Hayley began to feel eyes lingering for too long and unwanted comments and compliments followed her.", "\n\n\"It started off with bits of banter and lewd sexual jokes. ", "Then it changed to people coming up to me and asking when we would be having sex. ", "It was so blatant and up front. ", "It was seen as a joke, and I always shut it down. ", "It was so inappropriate.", "\n\n\"After six months, I felt like an object. ", "I had really lost sight of what was acceptable and what was harassment.\"", "\n\nOn one occasion, a male staff member put his hand between her legs as a 'joke'. ", "When Hayley scolded him, the officer brushed it off as humorous.", "\n\n\"He just looked at me like it was perfectly normal. ", "I was so confused.\"", "\n\nAmongst the constant heckling and cat-calling were some male officers who went further, betting buckets of KFC on which female officers could be sexually \"conquered\".", "\n\nThings reached boiling point one evening in 2009 when Hayley was having a drink with workmates. ", "She decided to go back to base after a male colleague said something offensive. ", "Hayley asked one of her close male mates if he wanted to share a cab. ", "The pair agreed to leave, but when it came time to go their separate ways on base, the man followed her to her room.", "\n\nTears well in Hayley's eyes when she remembers that night. ", "She's forgotten what he smelt like, much of what he said, but the pain from the attack is still fresh.", "\n\n\"When the rape happened, I said no to him 30 times, I was crying.\"", "\n\n\"I was in this predicament. ", "I didn't want to upset him, but I didn't want it at all. ", "Afterwards, I was curled up in the fetal position wanting to go to sleep, but he kept pestering me.\"", "\n\nFollowing the incident, Hayley confided in her friends on base what had happened. ", "They told her what she already knew - telling anyone would be career suicide. ", "Nobody wanted to be the next Larissa Turner.", "\n\n\"I cried for a couple of weeks, picked myself up and carried on with my training.\"", "\n\nFor the next few years, Young kept quiet as she rose through the ranks to lieutenant. ", "However, at the end of 2012 she decided to pull the pin on her Navy career. ", "The pain of carrying her secret was too much of a burden.", "\n\nWith the risk of losing her job no longer a factor, she penned a letter to the top brass of the Navy. ", "In it she detailed the years of abuse, degrading comments and the rape.", "\n\nThe leadership said they were appalled, and seemed to move quick to try to calm the storm. ", "But little did Young know, worse was yet to come.", "\n\n\"The process didn't go smoothly,\" she says.", "\n\n\"It was by far the most traumatic experience of my life. ", "I have never felt so alone, so scared and so vulnerable.\"", "\n\nFACE TO FACE\n\nYoung's letter, it was promised, would be used as a way to change the culture of the navy. ", "The plan was to redact parts, take her name off it, and let her read it before it was sent wider for officials and others to learn from.", "\n\nThe letter landed on the Deputy Chief of Navy's desk where, Young says, it sat for the next six months. ", "In May, 2013, nothing had been done, so she decided to go to the top, and contacted the Chief of Navy, Jack Steer.", "\n\nFor a while, it seemed like things began to improve. ", "Young heard of new training modules about bystander awareness, sexual assault prevention workshops and more.", "\n\nBut her optimism was short-lived.", "\n\nIn a attempt to keep women in the forces, and draw in others, the Navy released a poster showing a fake Facebook profile of a female naval officer promoting her career in the Navy. ", "The woman on the poster was called Kate Miller, but her face was Young's.", "\n\nIt had been less than two years since she had left the armed forces – a job where she was sexually abused – and now her face was being used to attract women to join.", "\n\nWhat stung most was \"Miller\" boasting on the poster about how proud she was her daughter had joined the Navy. ", "Young felt cheated – she had detailed in her letter to management months before how she would not let her children join the armed forces after what she went through.", "\n\n\"I felt so objectified and so victimised and used all over again. ", "It put me back a good six to twelve months in my therapy. ", "I couldn't sleep again, I was crying and shaking. ", "I decided I would not let the Navy use me anymore.\"", "\n\nHayley pushed back, the lawyers got involved, and things got serious.", "\n\n\"It kept escalating until it got to the point when it was Hayley Young v the Attorney General of New Zealand and the Attorney General of England and Wales in the High Court.\"", "\n\nAlong with her Napier-based lawyer Jol Bates, Young was arguing the New Zealand Defence Force had failed in their duty of care to provide her a safe place of work. ", "She didn't want to go after the men who had abused her, but the culture which had enabled them to do so.", "\n\nIT NEEDS TO STOP\n\nHer attempts to bring about change didn't go smoothly. ", "When Young brought her case to court, the New Zealand Attorney-General and the British Ministry of Defence pushed back, arguing her case should be heard in Britain where the alleged rape took place.", "\n\nIf they were successful it would have put an end to her battle. ", "There was no way she could fund a case which could reach into the millions.", "\n\nIn April, Young won the right to have the case against the Attorney General heard in New Zealand. ", "The hearing will take place soon.", "\n\n\n\nThe Attorney General of New Zealand will argue the Defence Force did not have any legal liability to provide duty of care because employees sign a unilateral service agreement, not an employment contract.", "\n\n\n\nYoung lost her bid to take on the British Ministry of Defence on Kiwi soil. ", "She is taking her case to the Court of Appeal.", "\n\nBates said Young had been \"brave\" in fighting for her day in court.", "\n\n\"The High Court has already allowed the case against the New Zealand Government to proceed, rejecting its own immunity arguments, which means all of the seriously wrongful events that occurred in the United Kingdom will have to be examined anyway,\" he said.", "\n\nThe fact the New Zealand Defence Force didn't accept they failed in providing a safe workplace was particularly hard to comprehend, Young says.", "\n\n\"To not accept a duty of care went to show how hard they didn't want to accept how bad the culture really was.\"", "\n\nYoung never laid a criminal complaint against her attacker. ", "It is one thing to go after the man, but she says it is the environment which allows sexualised behaviour to thrive holds responsibility too.", "\n\n\"I was a victim of the culture. ", "I understood how much I was affected by it. ", "But equally, I could see the men being groomed by the culture as well. ", "They came into the military as people who respected women, but it was eroded away.\"", "\n\n\"That is a reflection of what is happening now. ", "We are learning about industries all over the world where men were enabled and encouraged to abuse and mistreat others.\"", "\n\nThe New Zealand Defence Force implemented Operated RESPECT last year, aimed at weeding out inappropriate and harmful sexual behaviour.", "\n\nThere have been 63 disclosures as of November, including 15 relating to events before joining the Defence Force.", "\n\n\"Longer-term policy changes include investing in our people's working and living environments to support respectful relationships, in particular privacy, alcohol use and empowering our people to take a hard line approach to inappropriate behaviour,\" a Defence spokesperson said.", "\n\nYoung is optimistic the new Labour-led Government will help to speed up that cultural shift. \"", "Our culture is heading in a worrying direction at the moment. ", "We need a generational shift to stop it from escalating, I think Labour may be able to that.\"", "\n\nFor now, she will prepare for another court hearing, all in the hope the young women currently rising through the ranks will have a safer ascent than she did.", "\n\n\"The sad thing is, I loved the navy. ", "They had seemed like they really looked after their people. ", "Isn't that sad.\"" ]

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[ "Na-K/2Cl transporter inhibition for reduction of postischemic kidney failure tested in autologous reperfusion.", "\nPostischemic kidney function may be influenced by donor conditioning. ", "The sulfamoyl-benzoate \"piretanide\" (P) is a diuretic agent with an inhibitory effect on the luminal Na-K-2CL-transporter system in the ascending part of the loop of Henle. ", "A clinical pilot study demonstrated a lower rate of organ dysfunction following transplantation in humans when the donor organs were pretreated with piretanide. ", "In an experimental ex vivo model the effect of piretanide on immediate organ function following long or short cold ischemia was studied. ", "Porcine kidneys (n = 36) were removed after in situ transaortal hypothermic flushing with 21 Eurocollins solution. ", "Following short storage (1 h, n = 18) or long storage (24 h, n = 18) the kidneys were reperfused with intraoperatively drawn heparinized autologous blood diluted with Ringer's lactate to a hematocrit of 25%. ", "Urine flow was higher in the piretanide-pretreated group (p), especially after long storage. ", "The electrolyte loss was comparable in both groups. ", "Postischemic endogenous creatinine clearance was significantly elevated in the treatment group (4.45 +/- 0.6 ml/min per 100 mg in P vs 1.91 +/- 0.4 ml/min per 100 mg, in control, P < 0.05 Mann-Whitney test). ", "Renal hemodynamics were improved by piretanide, resulting in significantly lower resistance and allowing higher flow during pressure-controlled perfusion. ", "O2 consumption, representing general metabolic activity, was higher after long storage, indicating an earlier recovery from cold ischemia. ", "In this ex vivo model, autologous reperfusion of porcine kidneys could be improved by piretanide pretreatment. ", "Autoregulation of kidney vasculature was maintained as well as functional parameters such as creatinine clearance or gluconeogenesis. ", "Therefore, piretanide may be used in larger clinical trials to further improve organ quality in times of donor shortage." ]

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[ "Hi, I’m Jeannine Thompson!", "\n\nI’m a web and graphic designer in Giles County, Virginia.", "\n\nI amalways ready with innovative ideas to help improve businesses, and absolutely love helping put a creative spin on things! ", "One of my favorite things is hearing how a rebrand or a new website design helps my clients’ profits improve, or increase their conversion rates.", "\n\nWhen I’m not designing, you’ll usually find me gaming, in my gardens, or working on my fish tanks!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nsending a 2d array jquery post to java servlet\n\nI have some data that I need to send that is in a 2D array. ", "I found that you send an array through post here\nhere but i need to send a 2D array from my javascript using post to a java servlet. ", "Is there a way to do this?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can use exactly the same technique as the example you link to. ", "This is because it uses JSON to serialise the data, so it can send entire JS data structures in one go. ", "So, taking the example, but rebuilding it for a 2d array and tweaking it to send actual JSON:\nvar obj=[ [1.1, 1.2], [2.1, 2.2], [3.1, 3.2] ];\n$.ajax({\n url:\"myUrl\",\n type:\"POST\",\n dataType:'json',\n success:function(data){\n // codes....\n },\n data:JSON.stringify(obj),\n contentType: 'application/json'\n });\n\nThen this will send a string to your server, like:\n\"[[1.1,1.2],[2.1,2.2],[3.1,3.2]]\"\n\nYour Java servlet will then have to deserialise this and use it however you want. ", "In this example, the JSON will be sent as RAW post data; if you want to get it via the request object, you can do something like:\nvar obj=[ [1.1, 1.2], [2.1, 2.2], [3.1, 3.2] ];\n$.ajax({\n url:\"myUrl\",\n type:\"POST\",\n dataType:'json',\n success:function(data){\n // codes....\n },\n data: {json: JSON.stringify(obj)}\n });\n\nThen you should be able to get the JSON string from:\nrequest.getParameterValues(\"json\");\n\n" ]

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[ "Cost-effective choice of antimicrobial therapy for serious infections.", "\nThe authors evaluated the financial and health implications of treatment choices for three serious classes of infection: hospital-acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal infection, and sepsis of unknown origin. ", "Data were obtained from a systematic review of clinical literature and published data bases, by written questionnaire from a panel of infectious disease authorities, and from actual costs at a tertiary-care hospital. ", "For pneumonia and sepsis, the third-generation cephalosporin evaluated (ceftizoxime) was found to be less expensive than other regimens, when costs of dose preparation and administration, monitoring, and toxicity were added to drug acquisition costs. ", "The lowest-cost regimen for intra-abdominal infection was metronidazole plus gentamicin. ", "Modest differences in efficacy would easily outweigh differences in toxicity, however, and could justify the use of more expensive regimens (e.g., mezlocillin plus gentamicin for hospital-acquired pneumonia, and cefoxitin plus gentamicin for intra-abdominal infection). ", "If all regimens are assumed to be equally efficacious, then the third-generation cephalosporin was both lowest in cost and, owing to its low toxicity, greatest in net health benefit." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nRay picking mess\n\nI am using ray picking to find the boundaries for a character. ", "It's not optimal, but it's the best I can do and will have to do; I need to have (close to) pixelperfect collisions and also I have lots and lots of objects.", "\nI do not however get the raypicking to work correctly. ", "It collides, but not at the right places. ", "I tried adjust the size of the ray, and more to no avail.", "\nExcuse me for the messy code, I just threw it together.", "\nprivate void renderCollision(Vector3f dir){\n //\n // Render the models\n //\n\n glPushMatrix();\n glPushAttrib(GL_ALL_ATTRIB_BITS);\n\n float size = 10.0f;\n Picker.startPicking2D(10, 10, 20, 20, -1.0f, size);\n //Picker.startPicking2D(10, 10, 20, 20, 0.1f, 20.0f);\n\n glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);\n glDisable(GL_BLEND);\n glDisable(GL_ALPHA);\n glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);\n glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);\n glDepthMask(true);\n glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);\n glClearDepth(100.0f);\n glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);\n glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);\n\n glLoadIdentity (); \n\n //box.drawMoving(camera);\n player.move(dir);\n glTranslatef(-player.position.x, -player.position.y + size / 2.0f, -player.position.z);\n glRotatef(90.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);\n\n box.drawAll();\n\n glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);\n\n boolean hit = Picker.getHit();\n if (hit) {\n player.move(new Vector3f(-dir.x, -dir.y, -dir.z));\n }\n\n Picker.stopPicking();\n\n glPopAttrib();\n glPopMatrix();\n}\n\npublic class Picker {\n\n private static IntBuffer selBuffer;\n private static int hits;\n\n private static int xSelected;\n private static int ySelected;\n\n /**\n * Makes the game available for picking (when in 3D mode)\n *\n * @param xMouse The x coordinate of the mouse on the screen\n * @param yMouse The y coordinate of the mouse on the screen\n */\n public static void startPicking3D(int xMouse, int yMouse, int screenWidth, int screenHeight, float near, float far) {\n startPickingGeneric(xMouse, yMouse);\n\n GLU.gluPerspective(SCREEN_FOV, SCREEN_RAT,\n near, far);\n\n GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW);\n GL11.glLoadIdentity();\n }\n\n /**\n * Makes the game available for picking (when in 2D mode)\n *\n * @param xMouse The x coordinate of the mouse on the screen\n * @param yMouse The y coordinate of the mouse on the screen\n */\n public static void startPicking2D(int xMouse, int yMouse, int screenWidth, int screenHeight, float near, float far) {\n startPickingGeneric(xMouse, yMouse);\n\n GL11.glOrtho(0, screenWidth, 0, screenHeight, near, far);\n\n GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW);\n GL11.glLoadIdentity();\n }\n\n /**\n * Makes the game available for picking (generic)\n *\n * @param xMouse The x coordinate of the mouse on the screen\n * @param yMouse The y coordinate of the mouse on the screen\n */\n private static void startPickingGeneric(int xMouse, int yMouse){\n // The selection buffer\n selBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).", "\n asIntBuffer();\n IntBuffer vpBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(64).", "\n order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asIntBuffer();\n // Size of the viewport. [", "0] Is <x>, [1] Is <y>, [2] Is <width>, [3] Is <height>\n int[] viewport = new int[4];\n\n // Get the viewport info\n GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_VIEWPORT, vpBuffer);\n vpBuffer.get(viewport);\n\n // Set the buffer that OpenGL uses for selection to our buffer\n GL11.glSelectBuffer(selBuffer);\n\n // Change to selection mode\n GL11.glRenderMode(GL11.GL_SELECT);\n\n // Initialize the name stack (used for identifying which object was selected)\n GL11.glInitNames();\n\n GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_PROJECTION);\n GL11.glPushMatrix();\n GL11.glLoadIdentity();\n\n // Create 5x5 pixel picking region near cursor location\n GLU.gluPickMatrix((float) xMouse, (float) yMouse,\n 5.0f, 5.0f, IntBuffer.wrap(viewport));\n }\n\n /**\n * Stops the picking mode\n */\n public static void stopPicking(){\n GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_PROJECTION);\n GL11.glPopMatrix();\n GL11.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW);\n\n hits = 0;\n hits = GL11.glRenderMode(GL11.GL_RENDER);\n }\n\n /**\n * Gets the tile the mouse points to\n *\n * @return TileCoords object with the coordinates of the selected tile\n */\n public static boolean getHit(){\n\n int[] buffer = new int[256];\n xSelected = -1000;\n ySelected = -1000;\n\n selBuffer.get(buffer);\n\n if (hits > 0) {\n // If there were more than 0 hits\n xSelected = buffer[3]; // Make our selection the first object\n ySelected = buffer[4];\n int depth = buffer[1]; // Store how far away it is\n for (int i = 1; i < hits; i++) {\n // Loop through all the detected hits\n // If this object is closer to us than the one we have selected\n if (buffer[i * 4 + 1] < (int) depth) {\n xSelected = buffer[i * 4 + 3]; // Select the closest object\n ySelected = buffer[i * 4 + 4];\n depth = buffer[i * 4 + 1]; // Store how far away it is\n }\n }\n return true;\n }\n return false;\n }\n\n}\n\nA:\n\nI should rotate around x-axis instead of y-axis and then translate.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Src docks to A-kinase anchoring protein gravin, regulating beta2-adrenergic receptor resensitization and recycling.", "\nGravin (AKAP12) is a membrane-associated scaffold that provides docking for protein kinases, phosphatases, and adaptor molecules obligate for resensitization and recycling of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. ", "Gravin binds to the cell membrane in a Ca(2+)-sensitive manner and to receptors through well characterized protein-protein interactions. ", "Although the interaction of serine/threonine, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase with protein kinase A-anchoring proteins is well described and involves a kinase regulatory subunit binding domain in the C terminus of these proteins, far less is known about tyrosine kinase docking to members of this family of scaffolds. ", "The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src regulates resensitization of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors and docks to gravin. ", "Gravin displays nine proline-rich domains distributed throughout the molecule. ", "One class I ligand for Src homology domain 3 docking, found in the N terminus ((10)RXPXXP(15)) of gravin, is shown to bind Src. ", "Binding of Src to gravin activates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase of Src. ", "Mutagenesis/deletion of the class I ligand (P15A,P16A) on the N terminus of gravin abolishes both the docking of Src to gravin as well as the receptor resensitization and recycling catalyzed by gravin. ", "The Src-binding peptide-(1-51) of gravin behaves as a dominant-negative for AKAP gravin regulation of receptor resensitization/recycling. ", "The tyrosine kinase Src plays an essential role in the AKAP gravin-mediated receptor resensitization and recycling, an essential aspect of receptor biology." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat is \"cyclic shift unitary\" on $M_{n}(\\mathbb{C})$?", "\n\nLet $M_{n}(\\mathbb{C})$ be the $n\\times n$ complex matrices, and what is the \"cyclic shift unitary of order $n$\" on $M_{n}(\\mathbb{C})$ ? (", "Maybe it is a very basic concept in functional analysis or matrix theory ?)", "\n\nThis question was raised when I read the book (P264) \"C*-algebras and Finite-Dimensional Approximations\" by N.P.Brown And N. Ozawa.", "\n\nA:\n\nCyclic shift operator is the matrix\n$$A=\\begin{bmatrix}\n 0&1 \\\\\n &0&1 \\\\\n & & \\ddots \\\\\n&&&&1\\\\\n1&&&&0\n \\end{bmatrix}$$\nIt has order $n$, that is to say, $A^n=I$, and it is a unitary matrix.", "\n\n" ]

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[ " IN THE SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA\n EASTERN DISTRICT\n\n\nCOMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : No. ", "73 EAL 2019\n :\n Respondent :\n : Petition for Allowance of Appeal from\n : the Order of the Superior Court\n v. :\n :\n :\nWARREN NICHOLS, :\n :\n Petitioner :\n\n\n ORDER\n\n\n\nPER CURIAM\n\n AND NOW, this 10th day of July, 2019, the Petition for Allowance of Appeal is\n\nDENIED.", "\n\f" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Iran Launches Long-Range Missiles Emblazoned With Slogan: 'Israel Should Be Wiped Off The Face Of The Earth'\n\nOn March 8-9, 2016, as part of their\nannual missile drill, which this year is named \"Power of the Rule [of the\nJurisprudent]\" (Eqtedar-e Velayat), Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps\n(IRGC) forces launched long-range ballistic missiles, including Qadr-F and\nQadr-H missiles, with ranges of 2,000 and 1,400 kilometers, respectively; Qiam\nmissiles, launched from underground silos with a range of 800 kilometers, as\nwell as Shahab-1 and Shahab-2 medium-range missiles. ", "The launch was attended by\nIRGC commander Ali Jafari and the head of the IRGC aerospace and missile\ndivision, Amir Ali Hajizadeh.[1] On\nthe backdrop of the missile launch, IRGC officials also explicitly threatened\nIsrael, stating that the missiles were meant \"to destroy the Zionist\nenemy.\"", "\n\nMedia reports\nalso indicate that missiles launched on March 9 were emblazoned with the slogan\n\"Israel should be wiped off the face of the earth\" written in Hebrew\nand Farsi (see image below).[2]\n\nIn a video, Hajizadeh\npresented an underground missile silo and said: \"These ballistic missiles,\nwhich possess pinpoint accuracy, are deep underground. ", "When needed, they are fueled\nand activated and then moved to underground silos for launch.\" ", "According to him, the IRGC's underground\nmissile launch silos are the main complimentary element to the IRGC's \"missile\ncities.", "\"[3]\n\nIRGC Commander Ali Jafari said on\nMarch 8 that \"holding this drill and launching ballistic missiles from\ndifferent points in Iran are a decisive response to the boastfulness of [our]\nenemies regarding levelling sanctions [on Iran] due to the missiles. ", "This\nmissile launch displays only a portion of the capabilities of the IRGC's\nunderground launch silos, which have been expanded throughout Iran.", "\n\n\"The\nEqtedar-e Velayat drill will make our enemies realize that the robustness of\nour defense and national security are red lines, and we are totally unwilling\nto negotiate about them. ", "The regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran considers\nsecurity in the face of hostility to be the most important issue and a top\npriority... Nearly 100% of our production is domestic, and we do not\nrely on foreigners. ", "We grew under sanctions and have become independent\n[despite them].", "\n\n\"Iran's officials\nconsider the IRGC's missile capabilities to be a red line and are of one mind\non this issue. ", "Our enemies, too, have understood that increasing the sanctions\nand the security pressure has no impact on the growth of our capabilities. ", "That\nis why they are levelling economic sanctions, in order to limit our missile\ncapabilities.", "\n\n\"The\nEqtedar-e Velayat drill sends a message of security to Iran and neighboring\ncountries in the region. ", "Iran's security is the security of the countries of\nthe region, and all our efforts are meant to maintain our national security.", "\n\n\"While\nconfronting the enemies, the IRGC's finger is always on the trigger. ", "The\nenemies of the Islamic Revolution should fear the roar of the IRGC's missiles.", "\n\n\"The main\nthreat against Iran comes from the Zionists. ", "Those most hostile towards Iran should\nnaturally fear this readiness and these capabilities the most. ", "Our missiles\ncover the [entire territory of the] occupying Zionist regime, therefore they fear [us] the most.", "\"[4]\n\nIRGC Deputy\nCommander: The Zionist Regime Will Collapse In The Near Future; Hizbullah Has\n100,000 Missiles And Iran Has Tens Of Times That Amount\n\nIRGC Deputy Commander Hossein\nSalami said at a press conference held after the March 9 missile launch:\n\"If the enemy wishes to realize its ill intent towards Iran, it must know\nthat our missiles are ready to launch and ready to strike it. ", "These missiles\nare the product of the sanctions, and the more the sanctions increase, the more\nour development [of them] will increase as well.", "\n\n\"The\nZionist regime will collapse in the near future. ", "Hizbullah has stockpiled over\n100,000 missiles, while Iran has a variety of missiles [and a stockpile] tens\nof times greater than Hizbullah's, and this power will not be stopped. ", "We\nstockpile many ballistic missiles with varying ranges, which can hit enemy\ntargets at any moment from different locations in Iran.", "\n\n\"Yesterday\nwe launched missiles from underground silos and today we launched them from the\nheart of Iran. ", "The purpose of this drill is to demonstrate our desire for\ndefense and deterrence. ", "Our storage capabilities are smaller than our\nproduction capabilities. ", "We are relaying all of our experience and all of our operational,\nscientific, tactical and strategic achievements to our brothers in the Islamic\nworld and in the front of resistance to America, Israel and their regional\nallies.", "\"[5]\n\nIRGC Aerospace And Missile Division\nCommander: These Missiles Are Iranian But Belong To The Palestinian, Lebanese,\nSyrian, And Iraqi Peoples... Their 2,000-Kilometer Range Is Intended To\nConfront The Distant Zionist Regime\n\nIRGC Aerospace and Missile\nDivision Commander Amir Ali Hajizadeh said after the missile launch on March 9,\n2016: \"These capabilities are the product of the enemy's sanctions, and\nthe more its sanctions increase, the more our response, progress, and\ncapabilities will increase as well. ", "After the JCPOA, the enemies are targeting\nthe Iranian nation's security. ", "Sanctions [due to missile activity] compromise\nIran's security, but the IRGC is protecting it...\n\n\"These\nmissiles are totally Iranian but [also] belong to the Palestinian, Lebanese,\nSyrian, and Iraqi peoples, and to all of the world's oppressed peoples. ", "We do\nnot wish to expand the state's borders, but rather to assist the oppressed\nagainst evil. ", "Anyone who wishes to tyrannize the oppressed Muslim nations must\nknow that these missiles will threaten it. ", "We do not use these missiles against\nterrorist groups, even though this is possible.", "\n\n\"Israel\nis currently surrounded by Islamic states and its life expectancy is short. ", "In\na war, it will collapse before these missiles are [even] launched.", "\n\n\"We\nbelieve in America's hostility and attribute importance to it. ", "We will not\nstart a war, but neither will we be caught by surprise. ", "Therefore, we have located\nour tools [of war] in a place that cannot be destroyed according to the enemy's\nwhims, and [therefore] we can wage a prolonged war.", "\n\n\"For us,\nIsrael's evil is totally clear, and the 2,000-kilometer range of our missiles\n[is intended] to confront the distant Zionist regime. ", "We are expanding our\ntunnels and silos, and will respond harshly to enemy folly.", "\"[6]\n\nHajizadeh: Even An Atomic Bomb Cannot\nDestroy Our Tunnels; Some Of Our Missiles Are Ready For Launch; We Can\nInstantly Launch Hundreds Of Missiles At Designated Targets\n\nHajizadeh told the Tasnim News\nAgency that, \"in many cases, the IRGC has helped the government with large\nscale projects of tunnel construction. ", "For 31 years, we have been working day\nand night to construct tunnels. ", "We have also constructed missile storage\nfacilities, silos and other underground facilities...\n\n\"We must\nbe strong so that we can defend the Iranian nation. ", "We must not allow foreign\nelements to easily create problems for our people. ", "Now Iran is safe and secure.", "\nThe security of the people is a red line for us, and on this matter we do not observe\nagreements with anyone, and the IRGC is not remiss in this.", "\n\n\"The\npeople will accept poverty, but no one will agree to jeopardize our security.", "\nTherefore, the Majlis and government must help us to strengthen our defensive\nand missile capabilities in the coming years...\n\n\"We have\nextensive experience in constructing tunnels and we are certain that even if an\natomic bomb hits them, they will not be destroyed. ", "We dug these tunnels under\nmountains and they have high security ratings.", "\n\n\"A large\nnumber of our units are on call 24 hours a day and do not know the meaning of\nvacation. ", "Some of our missiles are upright and ready for launch... Officers\nhave authorization [to attack], and immediately following an attack they can\nrespond [by] instantly launching hundreds of missiles at designated targets.", "\n\n\"It is a\ncomplete mistake to think that America can supervise our missile cities. ", "Some\nattribute importance to America, but America is not that powerful. ", "Perhaps some\nof our tunnels can be identified, but they certainly cannot be destroyed.", "\n\n\"For us,\nAmerica is nothing, since we are highly capable and it cannot fight us. [", "The\nAmericans] are so weak that in 2009, when they wished to leave Iraq, they were concerned\nabout leaving without getting harmed. ", "They sent an Iraqi official from the\nAmerican embassy [in Iraq] and asked the IRGC for help so their troops could\nwithdraw with dignity. ", "When that representative returned to Iraq, the American\nambassador waited for him at Baghdad Airport to see what Iran had said...\n\n\"We have\nacquired the ability to produce missiles with complex mechanisms... Even if\nthey surround all of Iran with walls, our missile production will not stop. ", "We\nhave no need for [the help of] any country.", "\"[7]\n\nIn a dig at\nPresident Rohani, who visited France and posed for a photo in front of French\nplanes, Hajizadeh said: \"Some took souvenir pictures with the French\nAirbus, but we take pictures with our local Iranian products, which are our\nsource of pride and honor.", "\"[8]\n\nHajizadeh\nand Salami with Iranian reporters with a missile in the background\n\nAdvisor To Khamenei's Representative In\nThe IRGC: 'America's Dreams Of Limiting Iran's Missile Strength Will Never Come\nTrue... Iran Has Missile Cities, Underground Silos, And Thousands Of Missiles'\n\nYadollah Javani, an advisor to\nKhamenei's representative in the IRGC, said on March 9, 2016: \"This drill demonstrates\nthe deterrence and multifaceted defensive capabilities of the armed forces,\nparticularly of the IRGC, who can confront any kind of external military threat\nto the Islamic Revolution...\n\n\"Military\nexperts rank Iran fourth in the world in terms of missile strength... After\nAmerica, Russia and China, Iran is the fourth country to possess underground\nballistic missile launch facilities...\n\n\"Launching\nIRGC ballistic missiles from underground silos sends a clear message to the\nenemies of the Iranian nation. ", "The roar of the IRGC's ballistic missiles is a\ndecisive response by the Iranian nation to the missile sanctions against it. ", "If\nsome enemies thought that the JCPOA and missile sanctions could limit Iran's\ndefensive strength, this drill has shown that these thoughts are starkly at\nodds with reality... The message is clear: America's dreams of limiting\n[Iran's] defensive might, particularly its missile strength, will never come\ntrue, but as time goes by, Iran's missiles increase in quantity, range,\naccuracy and effectiveness... The Iranian nation is determined to preserve its\ndeterrent force, and add to its reliability every day.", "\n\n\"Presenting\nthe missile cities and expanding them to a depth of 500 meters underground in\nmany points in Iran, as well as constructing missile silos and storing\nthousands of missiles with varying capabilities in these cities, indicate that [these\ncities] house thousands of professional experts who possess a jihadi spirit and\nBasij thinking. ", "These forces are prepared to respond to any invader. ", "This\nprominently strengthens Iran's defensive and deterrent power.", "\n\n\"The enemies'\nfear of the roar of the IRGC's missiles is evident from their efforts to level\nmissile sanctions in order to limit Iran's defensive programs. ", "The enemies must\nknow that there is a fundamental difference between Iran's peaceful nuclear\nprogram and Iran's defensive missile program. ", "The most important difference is\nthat the nuclear program is open to discussion, while the missile program and\nIran's other defensive military measures are not. ", "No nation can agree to\nnegotiate and agree with its enemies on its own defensive measures. ", "The message\nsent by the Eqtedar-e Velayat drill stresses this matter to all enemies.", "\"[9]\n\nAPPENDIX: Images From Ballistic Missile\nLaunch\n\nBelow are images from the launch\nof a long-range Qadr-H missile, with a range of 1,400 kilometers. ", "The missile\nwas launched from the Alborz Mountains in eastern Iran to the coast of Makran\nin southern Iran near the Gulf of Oman. ", "The missile weighs 17 tons, is 16\nmeters long and 1.25 meters in diameter, and carries a detachable 650 kilogram\nwarhead.[x]" ]

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[ "Prenez note que cet article publié en 2014 pourrait contenir des informations qui ne sont plus à jour.", "\n\nRadio-Canada a appris que la clinique Morgentaler à Fredericton va fermer ses portes.", "\n\nMarilyn Marceau Un reportage de\n\nLa direction refuse de confirmer la nouvelle, mais convie les médias jeudi à une « annonce importante en ce qui concerne les services d'avortements au Nouveau-Brunswick ».", "\n\nLa clinique Morgentaler de Fredericton est ouverte depuis une vingtaine d'années dans la capitale néo-brunswickoise. ", "Il s'agit de la seule clinique privée dans la province, et effectue en moyenne 500 interruptions de grossesse par an.", "\n\nElle dessert principalement des patientes du Nouveau-Brunswick et de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard.", "\n\nUn accès à l'avortement déjà difficile\n\nLa directrice générale du Regroupement féministe du Nouveau-Brunswick, Sarah LeBlanc déplore que les difficultés seront plus grandes pour les femmes qui veulent avoir accès à un service d'avortement.", "\n\nC'est possible qu'il y ait un impact régional. ", "L'Île-du-Prince-Édouard et le Nouveau-Brunswick sont parmi les pires provinces au Canada pour l'accès à l'avortement. [...] ", "Il y a de gros manques, et on va être dans une situation encore pire si la clinique ferme. ", "Sarah LeBlanc, directrice générale du Regroupement féministe du Nouveau-Brunswick\n\nUn contenu vidéo est disponible pour cet article Sarah LeBlanc, directrice générale du Regroupement féministe du Nouveau-Brunswick, explique que les services d'avortement sont déjà déficients au Nouveau-Brunswick\n\nAu Nouveau-Brunswick, pour que l'avortement d'une femme soit déboursé par la province, il doit être approuvé par deux médecins et effectué dans un hôpital.", "\n\nLa procédure à la clinique Morgentaler de Fredericton est réalisée sans avis médical. ", "Les femmes doivent toutefois payer entre 700$ et 850$, selon le stade de grossesse.", "\n\nEn 2003, le docteur Henry Morgentaler avait d'ailleurs entamé une poursuite contre le gouvernement du Nouveau-Brunswick pour l'obliger à payer les avortements en clinique privée.", "\n\nÀ l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard, il est impossible de subir un avortement, puisqu'il n'est pas pratiqué dans les hôpitaux et qu'il n'existe aucune clinique privée dans la province. ", "Les femmes peuvent subir l'intervention à Fredericton, mais doivent défrayer tous les coûts. ", "L'autre option est d'obtenir une référence d'un médecin pour subir l'intervention dans un hôpital d'Halifax.", "\n\nHenry Morgentaler était un grand défenseur du droit à l'interruption de grossesse.", "\n\nGrâce à lui, il y a 26 ans, la Cour suprême du Canada décriminalisait l'avortement au pays.", "\n\nL'homme est décédé en mai dernier, à l'âge de 90 ans." ]

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[ "Obviously I give those people little more credit on IQ side, than some of you. ", "That's fine, no harm done.", "\n\nNot a question of IQ. ", "My opinion is that Wolf joined Merc after having been told by Lauda and the Merc board that the team needed a top to bottom shakeup. ", "So I'm betting that he came in thinking that Ross needed to go. ", "He reportedly had a handshake deal with Lowe already for Williams, so he surely knew he could get Lowe at Merc to replace Brawn, but probably needed to do so quickly before Williams and Lowe signed a contract. ", "The problem is that after the deal was signed and Wolf got settled into Merc, I think he realized that Ross wasn't the problem and that he and the board had been sold a bill of goods by Lauda. ", "So he ended up with two team principals in essence, both under contract for huge sums. ", "I think Lauda was gunning either Ross' or Haug's job. ", "I expect to see him in a very diminished role next year.", "\n\nAll just gut feeling for the situation of course, but I think it makes sense.", "\n\nIf you believe that article, than I suggest we meet; I have a bridge in Brooklyn which I want to offload cheaply. ", "Do you really believe that Lowe will quit a cushy job at McLaren without knowing what's on the other side of fence? ", "Do you really believe that Mercedes will hire a guy with high income without having a plan?", "\n\nIf you have been following the story and can't read between the lines well enough to see that it is in fact perfectly credible, then maybe you're not as smart as you think, probably why you got lumbered with a bridge nobody wants too.", "\n\nNot a question of IQ. ", "My opinion is that Wolf joined Merc after having been told by Lauda and the Merc board that the team needed a top to bottom shakeup. ", "So I'm betting that he came in thinking that Ross needed to go. ", "He reportedly had a handshake deal with Lowe already for Williams, so he surely knew he could get Lowe at Merc to replace Brawn, but probably needed to do so quickly before Williams and Lowe signed a contract. ", "The problem is that after the deal was signed and Wolf got settled into Merc, I think he realized that Ross wasn't the problem and that he and the board had been sold a bill of goods by Lauda. ", "So he ended up with two team principals in essence, both under contract for huge sums. ", "I think Lauda was gunning either Ross' or Haug's job. ", "I expect to see him in a very diminished role next year.", "\n\nAll just gut feeling for the situation of course, but I think it makes sense.", "\n\nPossible, but what credentials does Lowe have to be installed as a TP, to make it worth ousting Brawn for him?", "\n\nNot a question of IQ. ", "My opinion is that Wolf joined Merc after having been told by Lauda and the Merc board that the team needed a top to bottom shakeup. ", "So I'm betting that he came in thinking that Ross needed to go. ", "He reportedly had a handshake deal with Lowe already for Williams, so he surely knew he could get Lowe at Merc to replace Brawn, but probably needed to do so quickly before Williams and Lowe signed a contract. ", "The problem is that after the deal was signed and Wolf got settled into Merc, I think he realized that Ross wasn't the problem and that he and the board had been sold a bill of goods by Lauda. ", "So he ended up with two team principals in essence, both under contract for huge sums. ", "I think Lauda was gunning either Ross' or Haug's job. ", "I expect to see him in a very diminished role next year.", "\n\nAll just gut feeling for the situation of course, but I think it makes sense.", "\n\nThat's an interesting angle, which I have not considered, I must admit to that. ", "Mine was an assumption, that a plan exists, but it is not being shared. ", "Simple as that. (", "Despite I genuinely dislike top heavy organizations, lets get this out of the way).", "\n\n_____________\n\nInitially I thought that Brawn will be subservient to Lowe, but then my belief changed with thinking they will split business into two segments, and on equal level will answer to Wolff. ", "In some foreseeable future Brawn will want to retire, and Lowe will slot-in on expanded role. ", "All speculation right now.", "\n\nI find that a bit hard to believe. ", "Can't see how anyone can seriously start any work on the 2015 car until they have seen how their 2014 car fares.", "\n\nI don't. ", "In any schedule-driven development environment you are going to be confronted with the fact that you have far-reaching development ideas or goals that cannot be accomplished in time for the next milestone. ", "This is especially true when you are undertaking a disruptive change. ", "Thus you plan and execute what you can for the upcoming milestone and in parallel try to work on the longer-term items. ", "There is no doubt risk that something you learn in the intervening time will require that you revisit some of what you did towards the longer term, but you have to take that risk to be there with the \"next big thing.\"", "\n\nWhy is is that whenever someone leaves McLaren, they appear to experience instant hair growth, (my follically challenged favourite, driver the exception proving the rule) must be something in the water.", "\n\nWhy is is that whenever someone leaves McLaren, they appear to experience instant hair growth, (my follically challenged favourite, driver the exception proving the rule) must be something in the water.", "\n\nThey are no longer pulling it out because of the stress, caused by the super anal-retentive nature of those at the top.", "\n\n\"When I arrived on the Monday four weeks ago, the first person to greet me and spend an hour with a cup of coffee was Ross,\" said Lowe at the British Grand Prix on Friday, as he made his first appearance at an F1 race this year.", "\n\n\"He was genuinely delighted to see my arrival and get me stuck into the business. ", "I think that will give you a sign that he is not threatened by my position.", "\n\nAs Pirelli affair settled as is, hard imagine that there is someone who argues that Ross is to go.", "\n\nBut Merc F1 is sending awful too much money on top end salaries, IMHO, now tat might be the problem.", "\n\nIMHO, Ross to stay for long time, then who should go?", "\n\nI would love him to stay but I think he (Ross) is going to move on soon...( If he isn't pushed out) I think he wants to get the team on a stable footing as a frontrunner then he will bow out. ", "There's really not much left for him to prove and he does love his fishing after all.", "\n\nId like to see how Paddy deals with sporting regs, f1 politics and all the bluster and brinksmanship that it entails as well as man management which includes sensitive driver egos.", "\n\nI was skeptical at first but upon reflection Paddy probably deserves a fair shake so we will see.", "\n\nI would love him to stay but I think he (Ross) is going to move on soon...( If he isn't pushed out) I think he wants to get the team on a stable footing as a frontrunner then he will bow out. ", "There's really not much left for him to prove and he does love his fishing after all.", "\n\nId like to see how Paddy deals with sporting regs, f1 politics and all the bluster and brinksmanship that it entails as well as man management which includes sensitive driver egos.", "\n\nI was skeptical at first but upon reflection Paddy probably deserves a fair shake so we will see.", "\n\nI think it may be. ", "The guy has indeed done it all and his management style is not the type that you will find in the f1 paddock too much anymore. ", "He is old school and i really like that but i have to recognize that the times change.", "\n\nI think it would be too much for him to take on another challenge in turning around a team. ", "If he was to move to another team it would have to be an already top running team. ", "The only turn around job i would see him attempting to take after Mercedes would be possibly working with Williams as a director of some sort with both Frank and him teaching Claire how to properly manage Williams F1.", "\n\nStranger things could happen though ... are Domenicali and Whitmarsh safe ? ", "and would Ron and Montezemolo ever hire/ Re hire him to run their teams ?", "\n\n1. ", "Midway through 2012 Whitmarsh orders a complete redesign for next season to fit Button's needs as he can't drive the current car\n2. ", "Paddy realises this is the wrong way to go and has a word with his friend Toto re a Mercedes opening\n3. ", "Paddy (who is a Lewis fan according to pre 2011 quotes) has a quiet word with Lewis re his plans and Toto tells Lauda to get the board to sign Lewis.", "\n4. ", "Lewis signs for Mercedes\n5. ", "Paddy gets released from Mclaren\n6. ", "Lewis pretends that he much prefers having Brawn on board than Lowe to keep Brawn on board for his skills in management and regulation bending\n7. ", "Due to being surplus, Paddy get all the time he needs to work for Silverstone upgrades to suit Lewis\n8. ", "Mercedes do tyre test and get away with it.", "\n9. ", "Paddy comes on board officially in time for Silverstone\n10. ", "Lewis claims a dominant pole with a free flowing style, making references to feeling like 2007 (a car that Lowe designed that suited Lewis' style)\n\n1. ", "Midway through 2012 Whitmarsh orders a complete redesign for next season to fit Button's needs as he can't drive the current car2. ", "Paddy realises this is the wrong way to go and has a word with his friend Toto re a Mercedes opening 3. ", "Paddy (who is a Lewis fan according to pre 2011 quotes) has a quiet word with Lewis re his plans and Toto tells Lauda to get the board to sign Lewis.4. ", "Lewis signs for Mercedes5. ", "Paddy gets released from Mclaren6. ", "Lewis pretends that he much prefers having Brawn on board than Lowe to keep Brawn on board for his skills in management and regulation bending7. ", "Due to being surplus, Paddy get all the time he needs to work for Silverstone upgrades to suit Lewis8. ", "Mercedes do tyre test and get away with it.9. ", "Paddy comes on board officially in time for Silverstone10. ", "Lewis claims a dominant pole with a free flowing style, making references to feeling like 2007 (a car that Lowe designed that suited Lewis' style)\n\n1. ", "Midway through 2012 Whitmarsh orders a complete redesign for next season to fit Button's needs as he can't drive the current car2. ", "Paddy realises this is the wrong way to go and has a word with his friend Toto re a Mercedes opening 3. ", "Paddy (who is a Lewis fan according to pre 2011 quotes) has a quiet word with Lewis re his plans and Toto tells Lauda to get the board to sign Lewis.4. ", "Lewis signs for Mercedes5. ", "Paddy gets released from Mclaren6. ", "Lewis pretends that he much prefers having Brawn on board than Lowe to keep Brawn on board for his skills in management and regulation bending7. ", "Due to being surplus, Paddy get all the time he needs to work for Silverstone upgrades to suit Lewis8. ", "Mercedes do tyre test and get away with it.9. ", "Paddy comes on board officially in time for Silverstone10. ", "Lewis claims a dominant pole with a free flowing style, making references to feeling like 2007 (a car that Lowe designed that suited Lewis' style)\n\n\"My current role is executive director technical. ", "Toto is my opposite number on the business side. ", "The remit is a wider involvement in the strategy of the business than I would have had as a technical director.\"", "\n\nIt is understood that the intention at Mercedes is for Brawn to stay on into next year but not necessarily in his current role.", "Discussions about exactly what his role might be and how it will combine with those of Lowe and Wolff are expected to take place over the forthcoming weeks, now that Lowe has been in place for enough time to get a sense of the team's situation.", "Lowe said: \"Ross is team principal at the moment. ", "We don't know how long he will want to remain team principal. ", "Those plans aren't made.", "\n\nI dont understand the desire to get rid of Brawn.... who else could have successfully pulled off a stunt like the \"secret\" tyre test.", "\n\nIf he leaves Merc I hope the goes to Macca after Whitmarsh is sacked at the end of this year .... yes, write it down. ", "I am predicting Whitmarsh will be sacked by Macca - and probably at the end of this year.", "\n\nI dont understand the desire to get rid of Brawn.... who else could have successfully pulled off a stunt like the \"secret\" tyre test.", "\n\nIf he leaves Merc I hope the goes to Macca after Whitmarsh is sacked at the end of this year .... yes, write it down. ", "I am predicting Whitmarsh will be sacked by Macca - and probably at the end of this year.", "\n\nI don't think there is any desire to remove Brawn. ", "I think it is his own desire to go out on the high. ", "Last season he missed a race because of heart problems. ", "It is entirely possible that he wants to hand over as soon as he feels that he accomplished what he sees fit with Mercedes as a TP. ", "All the noises Mercedes make indicate that they are are giving him freedom as to when he wants to step down, there seems to be no pressure. ", "Its only the media keeping the story afloat. ", "They have also stated more than once that they intend to keep him at the team after he steps down.", "\n\nI don't think there is any desire to remove Brawn. ", "I think it is his own desire to go out on the high. ", "Last season he missed a race because of heart problems. ", "It is entirely possible that he wants to hand over as soon as he feels that he accomplished what he sees fit with Mercedes as a TP. ", "All the noises Mercedes make indicate that they are are giving him freedom as to when he wants to step down, there seems to be no pressure. ", "Its only the media keeping the story afloat. ", "They have also stated more than once that they intend to keep him at the team after he steps down." ]

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[ "Freshman college student Saira Blair made history Tuesday when she defeated her 44-year-old opponent in the race to represent a small West Virginia district, becoming America’s youngest elected politician.", "\n\nIt was the first election where the 18-year-old was legally able to vote.", "\n\nBlair, a student at West Virginia University, defeated Democrat Layne Diehl 63% to 30% in the state’s House of Delegates race. ", "She is also the daughter of West Virginia State Senator Craig Blair.", "\n\nAfter her victory in the 59th District was declared, the fiscally conservative Republican wrote on her campaign Facebook page that “I am honored and humbled to have been elected the youngest member to ever serve in the West Virginia House of Delegates.”", "\n\nWomen in Politics: College Edition\n\n“When I made the decision to run for public office, I did so because I firmly believe that my generation’s voice, fresh perspective and innovative ideas can help solve some of our state’s most challenging issues,” the post read.", "\n\nDiehl, an attorney, congratulated her opponent in a Facebook post late Tuesday night, writing “Tonight, the people have spoken and, in the end, it is the collective voice of the people that determines how we will be governed. ", "I have come to truly respect my opponent, Ms. Blair.”", "\n\nPHOTO ESSAY: Voters, young and old, take to polls\n\n“We don’t always get the most desirable press attention in the Mountain State, but Ms. Blair’s candidacy has brought on us a national spotlight that is very uplifting and that I hope will encourage young people throughout the country to get involved and to contribute what they have to make a difference as early as they can in life,” Diehl wrote.", "\n\nSupport for the 2nd Amendment features prominently among Blair’s conservative positions – she states on her campaign page that “firearms allow our law abiding citizens to protect themselves and their families” – as does her pro-life advocacy, belief in voter ID and opposition to same-sex marriage.", "\n\nPoll Results: Check out winners & losers\n\nBlair received 20 official endorsements during her campaign, including an “A” rating from the National Rifle Association.", "\n\nThe young woman first made national headlines when she beat a two-term state delegate in her primary election – before graduating high school.", "\n\nWest Virginia on Tuesday also elected the state’s first woman to the U.S. Senate, Shelley Moore Capito. ", "Capito, who also becomes the first Republican senator from West Virginia in more than 50 years, replaces retiring five-term Democrat Jay Rockefeller." ]

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[ "Q:\n\ninterpretação do quicksort\n\nAprendi Haskell, e agora estou começando a aprender C. Estive tentando passar o meu código do quicksort em Haskell para C mas não obtive sucesso. ", "Então decidi olhar alguns livros e encontrei o seguinte código:\n/* Função de inicialização da Quicksort. */", "\nvoid quicksort(char *item, int count)\n{\n qs(item, 0, count-1);\n}\n\n/* A Quicksort. */", "\nvoid qs(char *item, int left, int right)\n{\n register int i, j;\n char x, y;\n\n i = left; j = right;\n x = item[(left + right)/2];\n\ndo\n{\n while(item[i]<x && i<right) i++; // DUVIDA 1\n while(x<item[j] && j>left) j--; // DUVIDA 1\n\n if(i<=j)\n {\n y = item[i];\n item[i] = item[j];\n item[j] = y;\n i++; j--;\n }\n }\n while(i<=j); // DUVIDA 2\n\n if(left<j) qs(item, left, j);\n if(i<right) qs(item, i, right);\n}\n\nDuvida 1) Fiz alguns testes de mesa, compilei e executei com algumas entradas e não descobri o porque de colocar && i<right e && j>left dentro do while sendo que o próprio item[i]<x e x<item[j] já faz as devidas verificações.", "\nDuvida 2) Para este código não seria mais correto colocar apenas while(i<=j) ao invés do do while(i<=j).", "\n\nA:\n\nO quicksort funciona, em pseudo codigo, da seguinte maneira:\n1) Escolha um elemento do vetor, chamado de pivo.", "\n2) Ordene o vetor de forma que todo elemento menor que o pivo\nesteja a esquerda dele e todo elemento maior esteja a direita.", "\n3) Aplique os passos 1 e 2 para os dois \"vetores\" resultantes, o\nde elementos maiores e o de elementos menores.", "\n\nA funcao quicksort do seu exemplo e so um wrapper para a funcao\nqs.", "\nA funcao qs e a que faz os passos que eu descrevi acima:\ni = left; j = right;\nx = item[(left + right)/2];\n\nx e o nosso pivo, nesse caso sempre o elemento que esta na metade do\nvetor (nao vou entrar no merito da discussao se esse e um bom pivo ou\nnao).", "\n while(item[i]<x && i<right) i++;\n while(x<item[j] && j>left) j--;\n\nAgora, o que ele faz e, a partir do inicio do vetor, mas sem passar de\nj, que marca o fim do vetor, incrementar i enquanto elemento que\nesta na posicao i for menor que o pivo, e o mesmo para j. Logo, ao\nfinal desses dois whiles acima, todos os elementos com indice menor\nque i sao menores que o pivo e todos os elementos maiores que j\nsao maiores que o pivo. ", "Ele faz isso porque nao precisamos mexer\nnesses elementos, ja que eles respeitam o fato que que os da esquerda\ndo pivo sao menores que ele e os da direita maiores.", "\nDepois desses dois whiles nos tambem sabemos que o item[i] > x e\nitem[j] < j, ou i >= j.\nSe i < j, nos sabemos, entao, que item[i] > x e item[j] <\nx. Logo, nos trocamos ambos de lugar e 'arrumamos' o vetor ate esse\nponto. ", "Em seguida incrementamos i e decrementamos j para analisar\nos proximos elementos.", "\nQuanto a sua duvida 2, o do...while(i <= j) e o while(i <= j) sao\nidenticos, ja que dentro do while ele faz a verificacao. ", "Entao foi a\ngosto do fregues :P\nNota: Esse codigo deve ser de alguma referencia antiga, ja que ele usa\na palavra register, que \"nao faz nada\".", "\nOutra coisa e que o quicksort em Haskell e bem mais simples, mas esta\nfazendo exatamente a mesma coisa:\nquicksort :: Ord a => [a] -> [a]\nquicksort [] = []\nquicksort (p:xs) = (quicksort lesser) ++ [p] ++ (quicksort greater)\n where\n lesser = filter (< p) xs\n greater = filter (>= p) xs\n\nO p e o pivo, lesser sao todos os elementos da lista menores que\np e greater os maiores. ", "As chamadas para a funcao filter que\ndeixam o quicksort um tanto melhores.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Mong Pawk\n\nMong Pawk is a town in Shan State of far eastern Myanmar only 10 kilometres from the border with China. ", " It is just south of Pangkham.", "\n\nGeography\nMong Yang is part of Mong Yang Township and is under Myanmar Government control, but Mong Pawk is under the control of UWSA. ", "The 23rd anniversary of a mutiny was held in Mong Pawk on 17 April 2012.", "\n\nIn 2008 the United Wa State Army (UWSA) was strongly against giving away the area of Mong Pawk from its control because it serves as a link with its ally, the National Democratic Alliance Army in Mongla.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nSatellite map GeoNames\n\nCategory:Populated places in Shan State\nCategory:Wa people" ]

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[ "Since our GED blog post was so popular, we wanted to take this opportunity to provide all of you with an exclusive interview with Chelsea Lancaster, Student Program Advisor and SPARC Coordinator for EOPS, a state-funded program that provides support for Santa Barbara City College’s low-income, single parent population.", "\n\nCan you describe what the EOPS program is and what you offer?", "\n\nThe Extended Opportunity Programs and Services (EOPS) is a state-funded support program designed to provide academic support, financial assistance and encouragement for eligible, financially disadvantaged, and academically underprepared students. ", "The goal of the program is to help eligible students meet their educational objectives, whether they seek occupational certificates, associate degrees or to transfer to four-year institutions. ", "Our mission is to provide above-and-beyond support services to eligible, academically and economically under-prepared students to achieve their educational goals.", "\n\nIf I had to describe EOPS with one word, I would say it’s a family. ", "We aim to create a crucial web of support for students who might not be able to pursue their educational goals due to a variety of barriers they face. ", "I am personally a product of EOPS/CARE and really believe they make all the difference.", "\n\nHow long has the program been around?", "\n\nEOPS is a product of the Civil Rights Movement and has been around since the 1960s.", "\n\nWhat type of student enters into the EOPS program?", "\n\nAll kinds! ", "We serve a wide variety of students from low-income, academically underrepresented backgrounds. ", "Some of our students are just graduating high school, whereas others are returning to school after a long absence. ", "Most are the first in their families to pursue higher education. ", "EOPS serves aged-out Foster Youth through our Guardian Scholars Program. ", "We also service eligible Dreamers.", "\n\nThe Transitionsprogram is designed to work with individuals released from the California criminal justice system and/or those with substance abuse issues.", "\n\nCan you describe what the CARE program is and what you offer?", "\n\nCARE is an additional state-funded program within EOPS, which provides additional support for SBCC’s low-income, single parent population. ", "The CARE program provides educational support services designed for the academically underprepared. ", "Financial assistance and childcare may be awarded as a means of strengthening the retention, persistence, graduation, and transfer rates. ", "Students participating in CARE may choose to pursue a vocational certificate or license, an associate degree, or transfer to a four-year university.", "\n\nWe also offer a Thanksgiving Dinner Giveaway for CARE families annually, in addition to a children’s book event at Christmas time. ", "We have a Club as an additional support system, which allows single parent students to connect, empower, and support each other in a variety of ways.", "\n\nHow long has the CARE program been around?", "\n\nCARE has been around as long as EOPS.", "\n\nHow long have you been working in the EOPS and CARE programs? ", "What is your job title?", "\n\nI have been at SBCC for many years serving low-income families in a few different capacities since 2002. ", "I started as a part-time peer advisor when I was an SBCC student and was fortunate enough to continue working there even after transferring to UCSB. ", "I became a full-time Student Program Advisor in the CalWORKs Program in 2007 and was moved up to EOPS in 2012, where I assumed the CARE student caseload (in addition to CalWORKs).", "\n\nWhat makes you want to do this work?", "\n\nI became a mom at the age of 17, in a very abusive relationship. ", "Getting an education was the best thing I was every able to do for both myself and my daughter. ", "I want the families I serve to be able to enjoy the empowerment and opportunity college afforded us. ", "It was in college that I found myself and realized that being a teen mom didn’t mean I couldn’t have a promising future; my journey wasn’t right or wrong, it was just different! ", "I can honestly say I look forward to coming to EOPS every day.", "\n\nWhen passion meets profession, you’ll never work a day in your life!", "\n\nCan you describe the usual struggles that keep people from graduating from the program?", "\n\nSingle parents face a variety of struggles including housing instability, financial problems, unhealthy relationships, lack of adequate childcare, drug and alcohol issues, low self-esteem, and lack of support. ", "In EOPS, we try to work with students to troubleshoot the barriers they face and provide necessary financial, educational, and emotional support to help them succeed.", "\n\nCan you describe a success story that you experienced in EOPS or CARE?", "\n\nThere are so many! ", "Below, you will find a donor thank you card, which highlights a beautiful success story in the student’s own words.", "\n\nHow do students enroll in either of these programs? ", "And what is the cost?", "\n\nThere is no cost to enroll in EOPS. ", "Students typically start the Steps to Enrollment to SBCC, then come see us once they are in their classes and have completed the application for Financial Aid (FAFSA). ", "We understand that the enrollment process can be overwhelming, however, any student who needs assistance can come see us!", "\n\nWhat advice would you give to students who could be seeking these types of programs?", "\n\nThe journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. ", "Don’t be afraid to take that step, and don’t hesitate to ask for help along the way!", "\n\nIt is less than a month away from our Fall Festival Fundraiser and we are working hard to put together one of the best fundraisers yet. ", "As donations come in for our silent auction, we are busy collaborating with Santa Barbara Gift Baskets to put together enticing gift baskets, plus, other fun items including a month free of CorePower Yoga classes, products from the grapeseed company, two day-tickets to Six Flags Magic Mountain and so much more. ", "We also have wonderful raffle items to raffle off including Four One-Day Hopper Tickets to Disneyland Resort, a Samsung Smart Digital Camera and a Kindle Paperwhite. ", "If you purchase raffle tickets, you don’t need to be present on the day of our event to win!", "\n\nThe infamous BBQ dinner will be provided by the Knights of Columbus including tri-tip, chicken, corn on the cobb and a decadent dessert table. ", "We will also be offering a bar of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.", "\n\nDid I mention there will also be live music for you to enjoy including the music stylings of guitarist, Doug Clegg and accordion player, Eustacchio Guadagnini.", "\n\nIntense and sincere. ", "His singing, especially, comes from so deep down; emotionally, it’s very satisfying…he plays like lightning, sings like thunder. ", "Boston’s WUMB Radio\n\nOur fundraiser takes place on October 17, 2015 from 4-8pm at Junipero Serra Hall. ", "This event is open to the public and we would love to have all of you there. ", "All proceeds will go to Villa Majella of Santa Barbara. ", "If you’re interested in purchasing raffle, event tickets or both, please reach out to us at (805) 683-2838. ", "Hope to see all of your smiling facings there!" ]

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[ "Frida Kahlo Celebrated With An Attempt At A World Record\n\nEnlarge this image toggle caption Miguel Perez/KERA Miguel Perez/KERA\n\nThe rules were clear; to participate, you needed four things:\n\nA floral-printed dress (knee length), a shawl (red or pink), artificial flowers in your hair (three, at a minimum), but most important of all, of course, was the unibrow.", "\n\nEnlarge this image toggle caption Miguel Perez/KERA Miguel Perez/KERA\n\nHundreds of people came together at the Dallas Museum of Art Thursday night, in an attempt to set the record for the largest gathering ever of people dressed like Mexican artist Frida Kahlo.", "\n\nHer work is on display at the museum as part of a wildly popular exhibit that also features paintings by Mexican artists Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco. ", "The exhibit is among the museum's top 10 most successful since 2000, according to the Dallas Morning News, with more than 75,000 visitors as of mid-June.", "\n\nThursday would have marked the influential artist's 110th birthday, but she died in 1954.", "\n\nKahlo's likeness is known by many who otherwise know nothing about art, as the Star-Telegraph notes, maybe because so many of the iconic pictures she painted were of herself.", "\n\nEnlarge this image toggle caption Miguel Perez/KERA Miguel Perez/KERA\n\nThere's no official word yet on whether a record was set, but prior to Thursday, there didn't appear to be another record-holder listed in the Guinness World Records.", "\n\nThe exhibit, called \"México 1900-1950: Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo, José Clemente Orozco, and the Avant-Garde,\" is on display until July 16." ]

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[ "/*\n * Copyright (C) 2014 Wiktor Lawski <[email protected]>\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\"); you may not\n * use this file except in compliance with the License. ", "You may obtain a copy of\n * the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT\n * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. ", "See the\n * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under\n * the License.", "\n */\n\npackage keepass2android.softkeyboard;\n\nimport android.annotation.", "SuppressLint;\nimport android.app.", "Activity;\nimport android.content.", "SharedPreferences;\n\npublic class Design {\n\t@SuppressLint(\"InlinedApi\")\n\tpublic static void updateTheme(Activity activity, SharedPreferences prefs) {\n\t\t\n\t\tif (android.os.", "Build.", "VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11\n /* android.os.", "Build.", "VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB */) {\n String design = prefs.getString(\"design_key\", \"Light\");\n \n if (design.equals(\"Light\")) {\n \tactivity.setTheme(android.", "R.style.", "Theme_Holo_Light);\n } else {\n \tactivity.setTheme(android.", "R.style.", "Theme_Holo);\n }\n }\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAdd a title to C3.js chart legend\n\nI am using c3js and I'm still new to this chart framework. ", "I need to set a title to the series legend of my chart. ", "How can I do this? ", "Do I need to use D3 to implement this? ", "\n\nThanks in advance.", "\n\nA:\n\nHow about this mess:\nvar firstLegend = d3.select(\".c3-legend-item\");\nvar legendCon = d3.select(firstLegend.node().parentNode);\nvar legendY = parseInt(firstLegend.select('text').attr('y'));\nlegendCon\n .append('text')\n .text('Legend Title')\n .attr('y', legendY - 20);\n\n" ]

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[ "1 comment:\n\nAbout Me\n\nI am...me\nI am...smart\nI am...talented\nI am...confident\nI am...caring\nI am...a friend\nI am...a father of three sons (Deion, Kameron, Brandon) and daughter (Skyler). ", "The best kids in the world\nI am...a husband, brother, son, the carrier of a tradition of a great race of people\nI am...athletic, former college football player turned sports junkie, a hip hop head, blogger, host of the 12 Radio Show, host of the Dead End Sports Show\nI am...the future\nI am...all of these things and so much more. ", "Just read." ]

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[ "\n\n\n\nProduced by David Widger\n\n\n\n\n\nCROCKER'S HOLE\n\nBy R. D. Blackmore\n\nFrom \"SLAIN BY THE DOONES\" by R. D. Blackmore\nCopyright: Dodd, Mead And Company, 1895\n\n\n\n\nCHAPTER I.\n\nThe Culm, which rises in Somersetshire, and hastening into a fairer\nland (as the border waters wisely do) falls into the Exe near Killerton,\nformerly was a lovely trout stream, such as perverts the Devonshire\nangler from due respect toward Father Thames and the other canals round\nLondon. ", "In the Devonshire valleys it is sweet to see how soon a spring\nbecomes a rill, and a rill runs on into a rivulet, and a rivulet swells\ninto a brook; and before one has time to say, \"What are you at?\"--before\nthe first tree it ever spoke to is a dummy, or the first hill it ever\nran down has turned blue, here we have all the airs and graces, demands\nand assertions of a full-grown river.", "\n\nBut what is the test of a river? ", "Who shall say? \"", "The power to drown a\nman,\" replies the river darkly. ", "But rudeness is not argument. ", "Rather\nshall we say that the power to work a good undershot wheel, without\nbeing dammed up all night in a pond, and leaving a tidy back-stream to\nspare at the bottom of the orchard, is a fair certificate of riverhood.", "\nIf so, many Devonshire streams attain that rank within five miles of\ntheir spring; aye, and rapidly add to it. ", "At every turn they gather\naid, from ash-clad dingle and aldered meadow, mossy rock and ferny wall,\nhedge-trough roofed with bramble netting, where the baby water lurks,\nand lanes that coming down to ford bring suicidal tribute. ", "Arrogant,\nall-engrossing river, now it has claimed a great valley of its own; and\nwhatever falls within the hill scoop, sooner or later belongs to itself.", "\nEven the crystal \"shutt\" that crosses the farmyard by the woodrick, and\nglides down an aqueduct of last year's bark for Mary to fill the kettle\nfrom; and even the tricklets that have no organs for telling or knowing\ntheir business, but only get into unwary oozings in and among the\nwater-grass, and there make moss and forget themselves among it--one and\nall, they come to the same thing at last, and that is the river.", "\n\nThe Culm used to be a good river at Culmstock, tormented already by\na factory, but not strangled as yet by a railroad. ", "How it is now the\npresent writer does not know, and is afraid to ask, having heard of a\nvile \"Culm Valley Line.\" ", "But Culm-stock bridge was a very pretty place\nto stand and contemplate the ways of trout; which is easier work than to\ncatch them. ", "When I was just big enough to peep above the rim, or to lie\nupon it with one leg inside for fear of tumbling over, what a mighty\nriver it used to seem, for it takes a treat there and spreads itself.", "\nAbove the bridge the factory stream falls in again, having done its\nbusiness, and washing its hands in the innocent half that has strayed\ndown the meadows. ", "Then under the arches they both rejoice and come to a\nslide of about two feet, and make a short, wide pool below, and indulge\nthemselves in perhaps two islands, through which a little river always\nmagnifies itself, and maintains a mysterious middle. ", "But after that, all\nof it used to come together, and make off in one body for the meadows,\nintent upon nurturing trout with rapid stickles, and buttercuppy corners\nwhere fat flies may tumble in. ", "And here you may find in the very first\nmeadow, or at any rate you might have found, forty years ago, the\ncelebrated \"Crocker's Hole.\"", "\n\nThe story of Crocker is unknown to me, and interesting as it doubtless\nwas, I do not deal with him, but with his Hole. ", "Tradition said that he\nwas a baker's boy who, during his basket-rounds, fell in love with a\nmaiden who received the cottage-loaf, or perhaps good \"Households,\" for\nher master's use. ", "No doubt she was charming, as a girl should be, but\nwhether she encouraged the youthful baker and then betrayed him with\nfalse _role_, or whether she \"consisted\" throughout,--as our cousins\nacross the water express it,--is known to their _manes_ only. ", "Enough\nthat she would not have the floury lad; and that he, after giving in his\nbooks and money, sought an untimely grave among the trout. ", "And this was\nthe first pool below the bread-walk deep enough to drown a five-foot\nbaker boy. ", "Sad it was; but such things must be, and bread must still be\ndelivered daily.", "\n\nA truce to such reflections,--as our foremost writers always say, when\nthey do not see how to go on with them,--but it is a serious thing to\nknow what Crocker's Hole was like; because at a time when (if he had\nonly persevered, and married the maid, and succeeded to the oven, and\nreared a large family of short-weight bakers) he might have been leaning\non his crutch beside the pool, and teaching his grandson to swim by\nprecept (that beautiful proxy for practice)--at such a time, I\nsay, there lived a remarkably fine trout in that hole. ", "Anglers are\nnotoriously truthful, especially as to what they catch, or even more\nfrequently have not caught. ", "Though I may have written fiction, among\nmany other sins,--as a nice old lady told me once,--now I have to deal\nwith facts; and foul scorn would I count it ever to make believe that I\ncaught that fish. ", "My length at that time was not more than the butt of\na four-jointed rod, and all I could catch was a minnow with a pin,\nwhich our cook Lydia would not cook, but used to say, \"Oh, what a shame,\nMaster Richard! ", "they would have been trout in the summer, please God! ", "if\nyou would only a' let 'em grow on.\" ", "She is living now, and will bear me\nout in this.", "\n\nBut upon every great occasion there arises a great man; or to put it\nmore accurately, in the present instance, a mighty and distinguished\nboy. ", "My father, being the parson of the parish, and getting, need it\nbe said, small pay, took sundry pupils, very pleasant fellows, about to\nadorn the universities. ", "Among them was the original \"Bude Light,\" as he\nwas satirically called at Cambridge, for he came from Bude, and there\nwas no light in him. ", "Among them also was John Pike, a born Zebedee, if\never there was one.", "\n\nJohn Pike was a thick-set younker, with a large and bushy head, keen\nblue eyes that could see through water, and the proper slouch of\nshoulder into which great anglers ripen; but greater still are born with\nit; and of these was Master John. ", "It mattered little what the weather\nwas, and scarcely more as to the time of year, John Pike must have his\nfishing every day, and on Sundays he read about it, and made flies. ", "All\nthe rest of the time he was thinking about it.", "\n\nMy father was coaching him in the fourth book of the AEneid and all those\nwonderful speeches of Dido, where passion disdains construction; but the\nonly line Pike cared for was of horsehair. \"", "I fear, Mr. Pike, that you\nare not giving me your entire attention,\" my father used to say in his\nmild dry way; and once when Pike was more than usually abroad, his tutor\nbegged to share his meditations. \"", "Well, sir,\" said Pike, who was very\ntruthful, \"I can see a green drake by the strawberry tree, the first\nof the season, and your derivation of 'barbarous' put me in mind of my\nbarberry dye.\" ", "In those days it was a very nice point to get the right\ntint for the mallard's feather.", "\n\nNo sooner was lesson done than Pike, whose rod was ready upon the lawn,\ndashed away always for the river, rushing headlong down the hill, and\naway to the left through a private yard, where \"no thoroughfare\" was put\nup, and a big dog stationed to enforce it. ", "But Cerberus himself could\nnot have stopped John Pike; his conscience backed him up in trespass the\nmost sinful when his heart was inditing of a trout upon the rise.", "\n\nAll this, however, is preliminary, as the boy said when he put his\nfather's coat upon his grandfather's tenterhooks, with felonious intent\nupon his grandmother's apples; the main point to be understood is this,\nthat nothing--neither brazen tower, hundred-eyed Argus, nor Cretan\nMinotaur--could stop John Pike from getting at a good stickle. ", "But, even\nas the world knows nothing of its greatest men, its greatest men know\nnothing of the world beneath their very nose, till fortune sneezes\ndexter. ", "For two years John Pike must have been whipping the water as\nhard as Xerxes, without having ever once dreamed of the glorious trout\nthat lived in Crocker's Hole. ", "But why, when he ought to have been at\nleast on bowing terms with every fish as long as his middle finger, why\nhad he failed to know this champion? ", "The answer is simple--because of\nhis short cuts. ", "Flying as he did like an arrow from a bow, Pike used to\nhit his beloved river at an elbow, some furlong below Crocker's Hole,\nwhere a sweet little stickle sailed away down stream, whereas for the\nlength of a meadow upward the water lay smooth, clear, and shallow;\ntherefore the youth, with so little time to spare, rushed into the\ndownward joy.", "\n\nAnd here it may be noted that the leading maxim of the present period,\nthat man can discharge his duty only by going counter to the stream, was\nscarcely mooted in those days. ", "My grandfather (who was a wonderful man,\nif he was accustomed to fill a cart in two days of fly-fishing on the\nBarle) regularly fished down stream; and what more than a cartload need\nanyone put into his basket?", "\n\nAnd surely it is more genial and pleasant to behold our friend the\nriver growing and thriving as we go on, strengthening its voice and\nenlargening its bosom, and sparkling through each successive meadow with\nricher plenitude of silver, than to trace it against its own grain and\ngood-will toward weakness, and littleness, and immature conceptions.", "\n\nHowever, you will say that if John Pike had fished up stream, he would\nhave found this trout much sooner. ", "And that is true; but still, as it\nwas, the trout had more time to grow into such a prize. ", "And the way in\nwhich John found him out was this. ", "For some days he had been tormented\nwith a very painful tooth, which even poisoned all the joys of fishing.", "\nTherefore he resolved to have it out, and sturdily entered the shop of\nJohn Sweetland, the village blacksmith, and there paid his sixpence.", "\nSweetland extracted the teeth of the village, whenever they required\nit, in the simplest and most effectual way. ", "A piece of fine wire was\nfastened round the tooth, and the other end round the anvil's nose, then\nthe sturdy blacksmith shut the lower half of his shop door, which was\nabout breast-high, with the patient outside and the anvil within; a\nstrong push of the foot upset the anvil, and the tooth flew out like\na well-thrown fly. ", "When John Pike had suffered this very bravely, \"Ah,\nMaster Pike,\" said the blacksmith, with a grin, \"I reckon you won't\npull out thic there big vish,\"--the smithy commanded a view of the\nriver,---\"clever as you be, quite so peart as thiccy.\"", "\n\n\"What big fish?\" ", "asked the boy, with deepest interest, though his mouth\nwas bleeding fearfully.", "\n\n\"Why that girt mortial of a vish as hath his hover in Crocker's Hole.", "\nZum on 'em saith as a' must be a zammon.\"", "\n\nOff went Pike with his handkerchief to his mouth, and after him ran Alec\nBolt, one of his fellow-pupils, who had come to the shop to enjoy the\nextraction.", "\n\n\"Oh, my!\" ", "was all that Pike could utter, when by craftily posting\nhimself he had obtained a good view of this grand fish.", "\n\n\"I'll lay you a crown you don't catch him!\" ", "cried Bolt, an impatient\nyouth, who scorned angling.", "\n\n\"How long will you give me?\" ", "asked the wary Pike, who never made rash\nwagers.", "\n\n\"Oh! ", "till the holidays if you like; or, if that won't do, till\nMichaelmas.\"", "\n\nNow the midsummer holidays were six weeks off--boys used not to talk of\n\"vacations\" then, still less of \"recesses.\"", "\n\n\"I think I'll bet you,\" said Pike, in his slow way, bending forward\ncarefully, with his keen eyes on this monster; \"but it would not be fair\nto take till Michaelmas. ", "I'll bet you a crown that I catch him before\nthe holidays--at least, unless some other fellow does.\"", "\n\n\n\n\nCHAPTER II.", "\n\nThe day of that most momentous interview must have been the 14th of May.\nOf the year I will not be so sure; for children take more note of days\nthan of years, for which the latter have their full revenge thereafter.", "\nIt must have been the 14th, because the morrow was our holiday, given\nupon the 15th of May, in honour of a birthday.", "\n\nNow, John Pike was beyond his years wary as well as enterprising, calm\nas well as ardent, quite as rich in patience as in promptitude and\nvigour. ", "But Alec Bolt was a headlong youth, volatile, hot, and hasty,\nfit only to fish the Maelstrom, or a torrent of new lava. ", "And the moment\nhe had laid that wager he expected his crown piece; though time, as the\nlawyers phrase it, was \"expressly of the essence of the contract.\"", "\n\nAnd now he demanded that Pike should spend the holiday in trying to\ncatch that trout.", "\n\n\"I shall not go near him,\" that lad replied, \"until I have got a new\ncollar.\" ", "No piece of personal adornment was it, without which he would\nnot act, but rather that which now is called the fly-cast, or the\ngut-cast, or the trace, or what it may be. \"", "And another thing,\"\ncontinued Pike; \"the bet is off if you go near him, either now or at\nany other time, without asking: my leave first, and then only going as I\ntell you.\"", "\n\n\"What do I want with the great slimy beggar?\" ", "the arrogant Bolt made\nanswer. \"", "A good rat is worth fifty of him. ", "No fear of my going near him,\nPike. ", "You shan't get out of it that way.\"", "\n\nPike showed his remarkable qualities that day, by fishing exactly as he\nwould have fished without having heard of the great Crockerite. ", "He was\nup and away upon the mill-stream before breakfast; and the forenoon he\ndevoted to his favourite course--first down the Craddock stream, a very\npretty confluent of the Culm, and from its junction, down the pleasant\nhams, where the river winds toward Uffculme. ", "It was my privilege to\naccompany this hero, as his humble Sancho; while Bolt and the faster\nrace went up the river ratting. ", "We were back in time to have Pike's\ntrout (which ranged between two ounces and one-half pound) fried for the\nearly dinner; and here it may be lawful to remark that the trout of the\nCulm are of the very purest excellence, by reason of the flinty bottom,\nat any rate in these the upper regions. ", "For the valley is the western\noutlet of the Black-down range, with the Beacon hill upon the north,\nand Hackpen long ridge to the south; and beyond that again the Whetstone\nhill, upon whose western end dark port-holes scarped with white grit\nmark the pits. ", "But flint is the staple of the broad Culm Valley, under\ngood, well-pastured loam; and here are chalcedonies and agate stones.", "\n\nAt dinner everybody had a brace of trout--large for the larger folk,\nlittle for the little ones, with coughing and some patting on the back\nfor bones. ", "What of equal purport could the fierce rat-hunter show? ", "Pike\nexplained many points in the history of each fish, seeming to know\nthem none the worse, and love them all the better, for being fried. ", "We\nbanqueted, neither a whit did soul get stinted of banquet impartial.", "\nThen the wielder of the magic rod very modestly sought leave of absence\nat the tea time.", "\n\n\"Fishing again, Mr. Pike, I suppose,\" my father answered pleasantly; \"I\nused to-be fond of it at your age; but never so entirely wrapped up in\nit as you are.\"", "\n\n\"No, sir; I am not going fishing again. ", "I want to walk to Wellington, to\nget some things at Cherry's.\"", "\n\n\"Books, Mr. Pike? ", "Ah! ", "I am very glad of that. ", "But I fear it can only be\nfly-books.\"", "\n\n\"I want a little Horace for eighteen-pence--the Cambridge one just\npublished, to carry in my pocket--and a new hank of gut.\"", "\n\n\"Which of the two is more important? ", "Put that into Latin, and answer\nit.\"", "\n\n\"Utrum pluris facio? ", "Flaccum flocci. ", "Viscera magni.\" ", "With this vast\neffort Pike turned as red as any trout spot.", "\n\n\"After that who could refuse you?\" ", "said my father. \"", "You always tell the\ntruth, my boy, in Latin or in English.\"", "\n\nAlthough it was a long walk, some fourteen miles to Wellington and back,\nI got permission to go with Pike; and as we crossed the bridge and saw\nthe tree that overhung Crocker's Hole, I begged him to show me that\nmighty fish.", "\n\n\"Not a bit of it,\" he replied. \"", "It would bring the blackguards. ", "If the\nblackguards once find him out, it is all over with him.\"", "\n\n\"The blackguards are all in factory now, and I am sure they cannot see\nus from the windows. ", "They won't be out till five o'clock.\"", "\n\nWith the true liberality of young England, which abides even now as\nlarge and glorious as ever, we always called the free and enlightened\noperatives of the period by the courteous name above set down, and it\nmust be acknowledged that some of them deserved it, although perhaps\nthey poached with less of science than their sons. ", "But the cowardly\nmurder of fish by liming the water was already prevalent.", "\n\nYielding to my request and perhaps his own desire--manfully kept in\ncheck that morning--Pike very carefully approached that pool, commanding\nme to sit down while he reconnoitred from the meadow upon the right bank\nof the stream. ", "And the place which had so sadly quenched the fire of the\npoor baker's love filled my childish heart with dread and deep wonder\nat the cruelty of women. ", "But as for John Pike, all he thought of was the\nfish and the best way to get at him.", "\n\nVery likely that hole is \"holed out\" now, as the Yankees well express\nit, or at any rate changed out of knowledge. ", "Even in my time a very\nheavy flood entirely altered its character; but to the eager eye of Pike\nit seemed pretty much as follows, and possibly it may have come to such\na form again:\n\nThe river, after passing though a hurdle fence at the head of the\nmeadow, takes a little turn or two of bright and shallow indifference,\nthen gathers itself into a good strong slide, as if going down a <DW72>\ninstead of steps. ", "The right bank is high and beetles over with yellow\nloam and grassy fringe; but the other side is of flinty shingle, low and\nbare and washed by floods. ", "At the end of this rapid, the stream turns\nsharply under an ancient alder tree into a large, deep, calm repose,\ncool, unruffled, and sheltered from the sun by branch and leaf--and that\nis the hole of poor Crocker.", "\n\nAt the head of the pool (where the hasty current rushes in so eagerly,\nwith noisy excitement and much ado) the quieter waters from below,\nhaving rested and enlarged themselves, come lapping up round either\ncurve, with some recollection of their past career, the hoary experience\nof foam. ", "And sidling toward the new arrival of the impulsive column,\nwhere they meet it, things go on, which no man can describe without his\nmouth being full of water. ", "A \"V\" is formed, a fancy letter V, beyond\nany designer's tracery, and even beyond his imagination, a perpetually\nfluctuating limpid wedge, perpetually crenelled and rippled into by\nlittle ups and downs that try to make an impress, but can only glide\naway upon either side or sink in dimples under it. ", "And here a gray bough\nof the ancient alder stretches across, like a thirsty giant's arm, and\nmakes it a very ticklish place to throw a fly. ", "Yet this was the very\nspot our John Pike must put his fly into, or lose his crown.", "\n\nBecause the great tenant of Crocker's Hole, who allowed no other fish\nto wag a fin there, and from strict monopoly had grown so fat, kept\nhis victualing yard--if so low an expression can be used concerning\nhim--within about a square yard of this spot. ", "He had a sweet hover, both\nfor rest and recreation, under the bank, in a placid antre, where\nthe water made no noise, but tickled his belly in digestive ease. ", "The\nloftier the character is of any being, the slower and more dignified his\nmovements are. ", "No true psychologist could have believed--as Sweet-land\nthe blacksmith did, and Mr. Pook the tinman--that this trout could\never be the embodiment of Crocker. ", "For this was the last trout in the\nuniversal world to drown himself for love; if truly any trout has done\nso.", "\n\n\"You may come now, and try to look along my back,\" John Pike, with a\nreverential whisper, said to me. \"", "Now don't be in a hurry, young stupid;\nkneel down. ", "He is not to be disturbed at his dinner, mind. ", "You keep\nbehind me, and look along my back; I never clapped eyes on such a\nwhopper.\"", "\n\nI had to kneel down in a tender reminiscence of pasture land, and gaze\ncarefully; and not having eyes like those of our Zebedee (who offered\nhis spine for a camera, as he crawled on all fours in front of me), it\ntook me a long time to descry an object most distinct to all who have\nthat special gift of piercing with their eyes the water. ", "See what is\nsaid upon this subject in that delicious book, \"The Gamekeeper at Home.\"", "\n\n\"You are no better than a muff,\" said Pike, and it was not in my power\nto deny it.", "\n\n\"If the sun would only leave off,\" I said. ", "But the sun, who was having a\nvery pleasant play with the sparkle of the water and the twinkle of\nthe leaves, had no inclination to leave off yet, but kept the rippling\ncrystal in a dance of flashing facets, and the quivering verdure in a\nsteady flush of gold.", "\n\nBut suddenly a May-fly, a luscious gray-drake, richer and more delicate\nthan canvas-back or woodcock, with a dart and a leap and a merry zigzag,\nbegan to enjoy a little game above the stream. ", "Rising and falling like\na gnat, thrilling her gauzy wings, and arching her elegant pellucid\nframe, every now and then she almost dipped her three long tapering\nwhisks into the dimples of the water.", "\n\n\"He sees her! ", "He'll have her as sure as a gun!\" ", "cried Pike, with a gulp,\nas if he himself were \"rising.\" \"", "Now, can you see him, stupid?\"", "\n\n\"Crikey, crokums!\" ", "I exclaimed, with classic elegance; \"I have seen that\nlong thing for five minutes; but I took it for a tree.\"", "\n\n\"You little\"--animal quite early in the alphabet--\"now don't you stir a\npeg, or I'll dig my elbow into you.\"", "\n\nThe great trout was stationary almost as a stone, in the middle of the\n\"V\" above described. ", "He was gently fanning with his large clear fins,\nbut holding his own against the current mainly by the wagging of his\nbroad-fluked tail. ", "As soon as my slow eyes had once defined him, he grew\nupon them mightily, moulding himself in the matrix of the water, as a\nthing put into jelly does. ", "And I doubt whether even John Pike saw him\nmore accurately than I did. ", "His size was such, or seemed to be such,\nthat I fear to say a word about it; not because language does not\ncontain the word, but from dread of exaggeration. ", "But his shape and\ncolour may be reasonably told without wounding the feeling of an age\nwhose incredulity springs from self-knowledge.", "\n\nHis head was truly small, his shoulders vast; the spring of his back was\nlike a rainbow when the sun is southing; the generous sweep of his deep\nelastic belly, nobly pulped out with rich nurture, showed what the power\nof his brain must be, and seemed to undulate, time for time, with the\nvibrant vigilance of his large wise eyes. ", "His latter end was consistent\nalso. ", "An elegant taper run of counter, coming almost to a cylinder, as\na mackered does, boldly developed with a hugeous spread to a glorious\namplitude of swallow-tail. ", "His colour was all that can well be desired,\nbut ill-described by any poor word-palette. ", "Enough that he seemed to\ntone away from olive and umber, with carmine stars, to glowing gold and\nsoft pure silver, mantled with a subtle flush of rose and fawn and opal.", "\n\nSwoop came a swallow, as we gazed, and was gone with a flick, having\nmissed the May-fly. ", "But the wind of his passage, or the stir of wing,\nstruck the merry dancer down, so that he fluttered for one instant on\nthe wave, and that instant was enough. ", "Swift as the swallow, and more\ntrue of aim, the great trout made one dart, and a sound, deeper than a\ntinkle, but as silvery as a bell, rang the poor ephemerid's knell. ", "The\nrapid water scarcely showed a break; but a bubble sailed down the pool,\nand the dark hollow echoed with the music of a rise.", "\n\n\"He knows how to take a fly,\" said Pike; \"he has had too many to be\ntricked with mine. ", "Have him I must; but how ever shall I do it?\"", "\n\nAll the way to Wellington he uttered not a word, but shambled along with\na mind full of care. ", "When I ventured to look up now and then, to surmise\nwhat was going on beneath his hat, deeply-set eyes and a wrinkled\nforehead, relieved at long intervals by a solid shake, proved that there\nare meditations deeper than those of philosopher or statesman.", "\n\n\n\n\nCHAPTER III.", "\n\nSurely no trout could have been misled by the artificial May-fly of that\ntime, unless he were either a very young fish, quite new to entomology,\nor else one afflicted with a combination of myopy and bulimy. ", "Even now\nthere is room for plenty of improvement in our counterfeit presentment;\nbut in those days the body was made with yellow mohair, ribbed with red\nsilk and gold twist, and as thick as a fertile bumble-bee. ", "John Pike\nperceived that to offer such a thing to Crocker's trout would probably\nconsign him--even if his great stamina should over-get the horror--to\nan uneatable death, through just and natural indignation. ", "On the other\nhand, while the May-fly lasted, a trout so cultured, so highly refined,\nso full of light and sweetness, would never demean himself to low bait,\nor any coarse son of a maggot.", "\n\nMeanwhile Alec Bolt allowed poor Pike no peaceful thought, no calm\nabsorption of high mind into the world of flies, no placid period of\ncobblers' wax, floss-silk, turned hackles, and dubbing. ", "For in making of\nflies John Pike had his special moments of inspiration, times of clearer\ninsight into the everlasting verities, times of brighter conception and\nmore subtle execution, tails of more elastic grace and heads of a\nneater and nattier expression. ", "As a poet labours at one immortal line,\ncompressing worlds of wisdom into the music of ten syllables, so toiled\nthe patient Pike about the fabric of a fly comprising all the excellence\nthat ever sprang from maggot. ", "Yet Bolt rejoiced to jerk his elbow at the\nmoment of sublimest art. ", "And a swarm of flies was blighted thus.", "\n\nPeaceful, therefore, and long-suffering, and full of resignation as he\nwas, John Pike came slowly to the sad perception that arts avail not\nwithout arms. ", "The elbow, so often jerked, at last took a voluntary jerk\nfrom the shoulder, and Alec Bolt lay prostrate, with his right eye full\nof cobbler's wax. ", "This put a desirable check upon his energies for a\nweek or more, and by that time Pike had flown his fly.", "\n\nWhen the honeymoon of spring and summer (which they are now too\nfashionable to celebrate in this country), the hey-day of the whole year\nmarked by the budding of the wild rose, the start of the wheatear from\nits sheath, the feathering of the lesser plantain, and flowering of\nthe meadowsweet, and, foremost for the angler's joy, the caracole of\nMay-flies--when these things are to be seen and felt (which has not\nhappened at all this year), then rivers should be mild and bright, skies\nblue and white with fleecy cloud, the west wind blowing softly, and the\ntrout in charming appetite.", "\n\nOn such a day came Pike to the bank of Culm, with a loudly beating\nheart. ", "A fly there is, not ignominious, or of cowdab origin, neither\ngross and heavy-bodied, from cradlehood of slimy stones, nor yet of\nmenacing aspect and suggesting deeds of poison, but elegant, bland, and\nof sunny nature, and obviously good to eat. ", "Him or her--why quest we\nwhich?--the shepherd of the dale, contemptuous of gender, except in his\nown species, has called, and as long as they two coexist will call, the\n\"Yellow Sally.\" ", "A fly that does not waste the day in giddy dances\nand the fervid waltz, but undergoes family incidents with decorum and\ndiscretion. ", "He or she, as the case may be,--for the natural history of\nthe river bank is a book to come hereafter, and of fifty men who make\nflies not one knows the name of the fly he is making,--in the early\nmorning of June, or else in the second quarter of the afternoon, this\nYellow Sally fares abroad, with a nice well-ordered flutter.", "\n\nDespairing of the May-fly, as it still may be despaired of, Pike came\ndown to the river with his master-piece of portraiture. ", "The artificial\nYellow Sally is generally always--as they say in Cheshire--a mile or\nmore too yellow. ", "On the other hand, the \"Yellow Dun\" conveys no idea of\nany Sally. ", "But Pike had made a very decent Sally, not perfect (for he\nwas young as well as wise), but far above any counterfeit to be had in\nfishing-tackle shops. ", "How he made it, he told nobody. ", "But if he lives\nnow, as I hope he does, any of my readers may ask him through the\nG.P.O., and hope to get an answer.", "\n\nIt fluttered beautifully on the breeze, and in such living form, that\na brother or sister Sally came up to see it, and went away sadder and\nwiser. ", "Then Pike said: \"Get away, you young wretch,\" to your humble\nservant who tells this tale; yet being better than his words, allowed\nthat pious follower to lie down upon his digestive organs and with deep\nattention watch, There must have been great things to see, but to see\nthem so was difficult. ", "And if I huddle up what happened, excitement also\nshares the blame.", "\n\nPike had fashioned well the time and manner of this overture. ", "He knew\nthat the giant Crockerite was satiate now with May-flies, or began to\nfind their flavour failing, as happens to us with asparagus, marrow-fat\npeas, or strawberries, when we have had a month of them. ", "And he thought\nthat the first Yellow Sally of the season, inferior though it were,\nmight have the special charm of novelty. ", "With the skill of a Zulu, he\nstole up through the branches over the lower pool till he came to a spot\nwhere a yard-wide opening gave just space for spring of rod. ", "Then he saw\nhis desirable friend at dinner, wagging his tail, as a hungry gentleman\ndining with the Lord Mayor agitates his coat. ", "With one dexterous whirl,\nuntaught by any of the many-books upon the subject, John Pike laid his\nYellow Sally (for he cast with one fly only) as lightly as gossamer upon\nthe rapid, about a yard in front of the big trout's head.", "\n\nA moment's pause, and then, too quick for words, was the things that\nhappened.", "\n\nA heavy plunge was followed by a fearful rush. ", "Forgetful of current the\nriver was ridged, as if with a plough driven under it; the strong line,\nthough given out as fast as might be, twanged like a harp-string as it\ncut the wave, and then Pike stood up, like a ship dismasted, with the\nbutt of his rod snapped below the ferrule. ", "He had one of those foolish\nthings, just invented, a hollow butt of hickory; and the finial ring of\nhis spare top looked out, to ask what had happened to the rest of it.", "\n\"Bad luck!\" ", "cried the fisherman; \"but never mind, I shall have him next\ntime, to a certainty.\"", "\n\nWhen this great issue came to be considered, the cause of it was sadly\nobvious. ", "The fish, being hooked, had made off with the rush of a shark\nfor the bottom of the pool. ", "A thicket of saplings below the alder tree\nhad stopped the judicious hooker from all possibility of following;\nand when he strove to turn him by elastic pliance, his rod broke at the\nbreach of pliability. \"", "I have learned a sad lesson,\" said John Pike,\nlooking sadly.", "\n\nHow many fellows would have given up this matter, and glorified\nthemselves for having hooked so grand a fish, while explaining that they\nmust have caught him, if they could have done it! ", "But Pike only told me\nnot to say a word about it, and began to make ready for another tug of\nwar. ", "He made himself a splice-rod, short and handy, of well-seasoned\nash, with a stout top of bamboo, tapered so discreetly, and so balanced\nin its spring, that verily it formed an arc, with any pressure on it, as\nperfect as a leafy poplar in a stormy summer. \"", "Now break it if you can,\"\nhe said, \"by any amount of rushes; I'll hook you by your jacket collar;\nyou cut away now, and I'll land you.\"", "\n\nThis was highly skilful, and he did it many times; and whenever I was\nlanded well, I got a lollypop, so that I was careful not to break his\ntackle. ", "Moreover he made him a landing net, with a kidney-bean stick,\na ring of wire, and his own best nightcap of strong cotton net. ", "Then\nhe got the farmer's leave, and lopped obnoxious bushes; and now the\nchiefest question was: what bait, and when to offer it? ", "In spite of\nhis sad rebuff, the spirit of John Pike had been equable. ", "The genuine\nangling mind is steadfast, large, and self-supported, and to the vapid,\nignominious chaff, tossed by swine upon the idle wind, it pays as much\nheed as a big trout does to a dance of midges. ", "People put their fingers\nto their noses and said: \"Master Pike, have you caught him yet?\"", "\nand Pike only answered: \"Wait a bit.\" ", "If ever this fortitude and\nperseverance is to be recovered as the English Brand (the one thing that\nhas made us what we are, and may yet redeem us from niddering shame),\na degenerate age should encourage the habit of fishing and never\ndespairing. ", "And the brightest sign yet for our future is the increasing\ndemand for hooks and gut.", "\n\nPike fished in a manlier age, when nobody would dream of cowering from a\nsavage because he was clever at skulking; and when, if a big fish broke\nthe rod, a stronger rod was made for him, according to the usage of\nGreat Britain. ", "And though the young angler had been defeated, he did not\nsit down and have a good cry over it.", "\n\nAbout the second week in June, when the May-fly had danced its day,\nand died,--for the season was an early one,--and Crocker's trout had\nrecovered from the wound to his feelings and philanthropy, there came\na night of gentle rain, of pleasant tinkling upon window ledges, and\na soothing patter among young leaves, and the Culm was yellow in the\nmorning, \"I mean to do it this afternoon,\" Pike whispered to me, as\nhe came back panting. \"", "When the water clears there will be a splendid\ntime.\"", "\n\nThe lover of the rose knows well a gay voluptuous beetle, whose pleasure\nis to lie embedded in a fount of beauty. ", "Deep among the incurving petals\nof the blushing-fragrance, he loses himself in his joys sometimes,\ntill a breezy waft reveals him. ", "And when the sunlight breaks upon his\nluscious dissipation, few would have the heart to oust him, such a gem\nfrom such a setting. ", "All his back is emerald sparkles all his front red\nIndian gold, and here and there he grows white spots to save the eye\nfrom aching. ", "Pike put his finger in and fetched him out, and offered him\na little change of joys, by putting a Limerick hook-through his thorax,\nand bringing it out between his elytra. _", "Cetonia aurata_ liked it\nnot, but pawed the air very naturally, and fluttered with his wings\nattractively.", "\n\n\"I meant to have tried with a fern-web,\" said the angler; \"until I saw\none of these beggars this morning. ", "If he works like that upon the\nwater, he will do. ", "It was hopeless to try artificials again. ", "What a\nlovely colour the water is! ", "Only three days now to the holidays. ", "I have\nrun it very close. ", "You be ready, younker.\"", "\n\nWith these words he stepped upon a branch of the alder, for the tone\nof the waters allowed approach, being soft and sublustrous, without\nany mud. ", "Also Master Pike's own tone was such as becomes the fisherman,\ncalm, deliberate, free from nerve, but full of eye and muscle. ", "He\nstepped upon the alder bough to get as near as might be to the fish, for\nhe could not cast this beetle like a fly; it must be dropped gently and\nallowed to play. \"", "You may come and look,\" he said to me; \"when the water\nis so, they have no eyes in their tails.\"", "\n\nThe rose-beetle trod upon the water prettily, under a lively vibration,\nand he looked quite as happy, and considerably more active, than when he\nhad been cradled in the anthers of the rose. ", "To the eye of a fish he was\na strong individual, fighting courageously with the current, but sure\nto be beaten through lack of fins; and mercy suggested, as well as\nappetite, that the proper solution was to gulp him.", "\n\n\"Hooked him in the gullet. ", "He can't get off!\" ", "cried John Pike, labouring\nto keep his nerves under; \"every inch of tackle is as strong as a\nbell-pull. ", "Now, if I don't land him, I will never fish again!\"", "\n\nProvidence, which had constructed Pike foremost of all things, for lofty\nangling-disdainful of worm and even minnow--Providence, I say, at this\nadjuration, pronounced that Pike must catch that trout. ", "Not many anglers\nare heaven-born; and for one to drop off the hook halfway through his\nteens would be infinitely worse than to slay the champion trout. ", "Pike\nfelt the force of this, and rushing through the rushes, shouted: \"I am\nsure to have him, Dick! ", "Be ready with my nightcap.\"", "\n\nRod in a bow, like a springle-riser; line on the hum, like the string\nof Paganini winch on the gallop, like a harpoon wheel, Pike, the\nhead-centre of everything, dashing through thick and thin, and once\ntaken overhead--for he jumped into the hole, when he must have lost\nhim else, but the fish too impetuously towed him out, and made off in\npassion for another pool, when, if he had only retired to his hover, the\nangler might have shared the baker's fate--all these things (I tell you,\nfor they all come up again, as if the day were yesterday) so scared me\nof my never very steadfast wits, that I could only holloa! ", "But one thing\nI did, I kept the nightcap ready.", "\n\n\"He is pretty nearly spent, I do believe,\" said Pike; and his voice was\nlike balm of Gilead, as we came to Farmer Anning's meadow, a quarter of\na mile below Crocker's Hole. \"", "Take it coolly, my dear boy, and we shall\nbe safe to have him.\"", "\n\nNever have I felt, through forty years, such tremendous responsibility.", "\nI had not the faintest notion now to use a landing net; but a mighty\ngeneral directed me. \"", "Don't let him see it; don't let him see it! ", "Don't\nclap it over him; go under him, you stupid! ", "If he makes another rush, he\nwill get off, after all. ", "Bring it up his tail. ", "Well done! ", "You have him!\"", "\n\nThe mighty trout lay in the nightcap of Pike, which was half a fathom\nlong, with a tassel at the end, for his mother had made it in the winter\nevenings. \"", "Come and hold the rod, if you can't lift him,\" my master\nshouted, and so I did. ", "Then, with both arms straining, and his mouth\nwide open, John Pike made a mighty sweep, and we both fell upon the\ngrass and rolled, with the giant of the deep flapping heavily between\nus, and no power left to us, except to cry, \"Hurrah!\"", "\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Crocker's Hole, by R. D. Blackmore\n\n*** " ]

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[ "Thanks for the update to Monsters! ", "I thought the original was hard, but I guess that was just a warm-up ;o)\n\nSeriously, did you guys play test the Paku-Paku level? ", "It’s in the Easy section, but it’s clearly one of the hardest levels in the game. ", "After dozens of attempts I finally killed the boss. “", "Thank you, bee hive!” ", "I still can’t rainbow it, even with the speed boost. ", "Ugh.", "\n\nI’m not sure if the “burn in protection” is adequate. ", "Dimming the logo just makes the burn in a little slower. ", "I actually have some burn in of all the elements at the bottom of the screen… coins, score, monsters. (", "Yeah, I know I need to stop playing so much) I had to shrink the play field so the logo won’t be in the same place that the burn in already occurred.", "\n\nAside from that, I’m having a great time with Encore. ", "Looking forward to Eden.", "\n\nThanks for your comments! ", "I hope you are all enjoying the new Encore expansion for Monsters! ", "If you are reading this in Europe, fear not! ", "The pack will be available to you very soon!", "\n\nCommenting on the questions regarding points: I’ve found my scores have increased when i focus on raising the interest value throughout the game. ", "I used to spend all the money I had on towers, but then developed a ‘save to spend’ strategy. ", "With increased interest values, and having money in the bank between rounds, I found my scores were much higher on average.", "\n\nI actually saw that but it still confuses me how the #1 score can be so much higher than what I get. ", "Plus or minus a few hundred makes sense, but sometimes they’re up to 10,000 points higher. ", "There has to be more to it than that….right?", "\n\n]]>By: Delriachhttp://blog.us.playstation.com/2008/05/06/pixeljunk-monsters-encore-dated-interview-part-2/comment-page-1/#comment-60028\nWed, 07 May 2008 20:54:40 +0000http://blog.us.playstation.com/?p=505#comment-60028If anyone has had any troubles getting rainbows, you can view my strategies on getting them here. ", "Get those rainbows before Encore comes out!:", "\n\n]]>By: leetfoohttp://blog.us.playstation.com/2008/05/06/pixeljunk-monsters-encore-dated-interview-part-2/comment-page-1/#comment-60008\nWed, 07 May 2008 19:43:32 +0000http://blog.us.playstation.com/?p=505#comment-60008pixeljunk mosters rules. ", "best game I’ve played in years. ", "possibly the best co-op game ever. ", "I’d love to see 3 and 4 player options too! ", "Or maybe some way to do a VS. ", "mde…\n]]>By: StalkingSilencehttp://blog.us.playstation.com/2008/05/06/pixeljunk-monsters-encore-dated-interview-part-2/comment-page-1/#comment-59992\nWed, 07 May 2008 18:53:21 +0000http://blog.us.playstation.com/?p=505#comment-59992Official website: http://pixeljunk.jp/Monsters/page20.shtml\n]]>By: SDkngshthttp://blog.us.playstation.com/2008/05/06/pixeljunk-monsters-encore-dated-interview-part-2/comment-page-1/#comment-59986\nWed, 07 May 2008 18:45:56 +0000http://blog.us.playstation.com/?p=505#comment-59986my girl and i just got our last perfect last night on the 4 tree level and the volcano level so we’re ready. ", "about damn time for some more Pixel Junk. (", "although something useful like the laser tower or flame thrower tower would have been a better option to unlock than the near-useless ice tower).", "\n\nBRING IT BABY!", "\n\n]]>By: StupidityTrieshttp://blog.us.playstation.com/2008/05/06/pixeljunk-monsters-encore-dated-interview-part-2/comment-page-1/#comment-59976\nWed, 07 May 2008 17:56:37 +0000http://blog.us.playstation.com/?p=505#comment-59976For those wondering about the scoring system, the Pixeljunk JP site has the info you need.", "\nLink:http://pixeljunk.jp/Monsters/page18.shtml\n]]>By: KBladehttp://blog.us.playstation.com/2008/05/06/pixeljunk-monsters-encore-dated-interview-part-2/comment-page-1/#comment-59974\nWed, 07 May 2008 17:28:24 +0000http://blog.us.playstation.com/?p=505#comment-59974Can someone confirm if this is going to be released in Europe this Thursday too please?", "\n\nI loved this game and can’t wait to get my hands on the add-on. ", "I don’t want to have to wait weeks or months like we normally have to for PSN games in Europe." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention relates to a method of generating an information signal to be recorded, a method of reproducing an information signal, a method of transmitting an information signal, an apparatus for generating an information signal to be recorded, an apparatus for reproducing an information signal, an apparatus for transmitting an information signal, an information-signal recording medium, and a computer program for transmitting an information signal.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nIn some cases, an analog audio signal and an analog video signal accompanied with the analog audio signal are converted into a digital audio signal and a digital video signal before being transmitted or recorded on a recording medium. ", "The conversion of the analog video signal into the digital video signal is based on, for example, a compressively encoding procedure. ", "A temporal error tends to occur between the digital audio signal and the digital video signal.", "\nAccording to a known system designed to compensate for such a temporal error between audio and video, first timing information relating to desired audio playback moments is added to a digital audio signal while second timing information relating to desired video playback moments is added to a digital video signal. ", "The desired audio playback moments and the desired video playback moments are chosen to provide synchronization between audio and video. ", "During playback, information represented by the digital audio signal is converted into sound at a timing decided by the first timing information while information represented by the digital video signal is indicated at a timing decided by the second timing information. ", "As a result, the playback of audio and the playback of video are synchronized with each other.", "\nIn a known multiplexing-based transmitting or recording system, a portion of a digital audio signal and a portion of a digital video signal which relate to a same desired playback moment are transmitted or recorded while being placed in a same group through a multiplexing procedure. ", "This design makes possible the synchronous playback of audio and video.", "\nRecently, multiplexed data containing compressively-encoded video data and audio data have sometimes been handled as a form of a bit stream which is referred to as a transport stream or a program stream, and which is designed to make possible the synchronous playback of audio and video. ", "Generally, it is not easy to edit only audio data in such multiplexed data.", "\nAn example of the editing is post-recording or after-recording which edits only audio data in multiplexed data (a bit stream) and replaces the audio data with new data. ", "The post-recording (the after-recording) is complicated.", "\nJapanese patent application publication number 6-275018/1994 discloses a recording and reproducing apparatus which operates in either a recording mode or a reproducing mode. ", "During the recording mode of operation of the apparatus in Japanese application 6-275018, information signals from N sources are converted into first digital signals through a compressively encoding procedure, and the first digital signals are modulated and converted into second digital signals. ", "The second digital signals are written into a recording medium on a time sharing basis. ", "During the reproducing mode of operation, the second digital signals are read out from the recording medium on a time sharing basis, and the read-out second digital signals are demodulated and converted back into the reproduced first digital signals. ", "The reproduced first digital signals are converted back into the reproduced information signals. ", "The reproduced information signals are simultaneously outputted.", "\nJapanese patent application publication number 11-144378/1999 discloses a method of after-recording (post-recording) in which original data including a video bit stream are read out from a digital recording medium. ", "The read-out original data are decoded. ", "Audio data are encoded into a new audio bit stream in synchronism with the decoding of the original data. ", "The new audio bit stream is written into an area of the digital recording medium which approximately corresponds in time position to the original-data recording area.", "\nJapanese patent application publication number P2000-197005A discloses an information recording medium having an area “A” and an area “B”. ", "The area “A” stores a stream of packs including video packs and audio packs. ", "The area “B” stores a table having first, second, and third information pieces. ", "By referring to the first information piece in the table, a decision is made as to whether or not audio data in the audio packs in the area “A” correspond to silence. ", "In the case where the audio data in the audio packs correspond to silence, post-recording (after-recording) can be implemented as follows. ", "By referring to the second and third information pieces in the table, a new audio signal is encoded into new audio data, and the new audio data are formatted into new audio packs. ", "The new audio packs are written over the old audio packs in the area “A”.", "\nPrior-art post-recording (prior-art after-recording) writes new audio data into an original multiplexed main stream so that the original multiplexed main stream changes to new one. ", "Generally, it is difficult to convert the new multiplexed main stream back into the original one.", "\nIn the prior art, it is difficult to post-record a plurality of new audio signals, and to select one from the new audio signals during playback." ]

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[ "Ms Mogherini, who was speaking at a news conference in Brussels alongside Mr Netanyahu, said the EU would continue to recognise the “international consensus” on Jerusalem.", "\n\n“There is full EU unity on this, that the only realistic solution to the conflict between Israel and Palestine is based on two states with Jerusalem as the capital of both the state of Israel and the state of Palestine.", "\n\n“The EU and member states will continue to respect the international consensus on Jerusalem until the final status of the holy city is resolved, through direct negotiations between the parties.”" ]

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[ "import pefile\n\ndef extract_config(raw_data):\n pe = pefile.", "PE(data=raw_data)\n\n try:\n rt_string_idx = [\n entry.id for entry in \n pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE.entries\n ].index(pefile.", "RESOURCE_TYPE['RT_RCDATA'])\n except:\n return None\n\n rt_string_directory = pe.", "DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE.entries[rt_string_idx]\n\n for entry in rt_string_directory.directory.entries:\n if str(entry.name) == 'CFG':\n data_rva = entry.directory.entries[0].data.struct.", "OffsetToData\n size = entry.directory.entries[0].data.struct.", "Size\n data = pe.get_memory_mapped_image()[data_rva:data_rva+size]\n return data\n \ndef config(data):\n try:\n conf_dict = {}\n config_raw = extract_config(data).replace('\\x00', '')\n\n if not config_raw:\n return None\n\n config_fields = config_raw.split('|')\n\n if config_fields:\n conf_dict['ServerID'] = config_fields[0]\n conf_dict['Mutex'] = config_fields[1]\n conf_dict['InstallName'] = config_fields[2]\n conf_dict['StartupName'] = config_fields[3]\n conf_dict['Extension'] = config_fields[4]\n conf_dict['Password'] = config_fields[5]\n conf_dict['Install Flag'] = config_fields[6]\n conf_dict['Startup Flag'] = config_fields[7]\n conf_dict['Visible Flag'] = config_fields[8]\n conf_dict['Unknown Flag1'] = config_fields[9]\n conf_dict['Unknown Flag2'] = config_fields[10]\n conf_dict['Port'] = config_fields[11]\n conf_dict['Domain'] = config_fields[12]\n conf_dict['Unknown Flag3'] = config_fields[13]\n return conf_dict\n except:\n return None" ]

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[ "Pietersen banking on pain-killers to see through Ashes\n\nWith hardly any time left for him to recover from an Achilles injury, Kevin Pietersen says he would have to rely on pain-killers.", "\n\nWritten by Press Trust of India\n\nRead Time: 1 mins\n\nLondon:\n\nWith hardly any time left for him to recover from an Achilles injury in a crammed international schedule, Kevin Pietersen says he would have to rely on pain-killing injections to see through the Ashes series.", "\n\nThe Ashes starts next month after the ICC Twenty20 championship and Pietersen is aware he can't afford a lengthy lay-off.", "\n\n\"What cures it is two or three months out of the game and that ain't happening,\" said Pietersen.", "\n\n\"It's a case of managing it on a daily basis now. \"", "I can't control when it flares up and when it doesn't but it's dealing with it and doing the right stuff that I've been doing in the last week or so,\" Pietersen was quoted as saying in the 'Daily Telegraph'.", "\n\nLast week, Pietersen had to skip England's opening match against Holland due to his injury and the team suffered a humiliating defeat.", "\n\nPietersen was then given cortisone injection shots on Saturday afternoon to make him fit for the Sunday's tie against Pakistan. ", "England won the match riding on Pietersen's 58.", "\n\n\"We have diagnosed what the problem is over the last couple of days so hopefully now we've diagnosed what we think it is, I can get better now,\" he said." ]

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[ "KMRZ\n\nKMRZ may refer to:\n\n KMRZ-FM, a radio station (106.7 FM) licensed to serve Superior, Wyoming, United States\n KMRZ-LD, a low-power television station (channel 22, virtual 69) licensed to serve Los Angeles, California, United States" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "// mkerrors.sh -m64\n// Code generated by the command above; see README.md. ", "DO NOT EDIT.", "\n\n// +build amd64,darwin\n\n// Code generated by cmd/cgo -godefs; DO NOT EDIT.", "\n// cgo -godefs -- -m64 _const.go\n\npackage unix\n\nimport \"syscall\"\n\nconst (\n\tAF_APPLETALK = 0x10\n\tAF_CCITT = 0xa\n\tAF_CHAOS = 0x5\n\tAF_CNT = 0x15\n\tAF_COIP = 0x14\n\tAF_DATAKIT = 0x9\n\tAF_DECnet = 0xc\n\tAF_DLI = 0xd\n\tAF_E164 = 0x1c\n\tAF_ECMA = 0x8\n\tAF_HYLINK = 0xf\n\tAF_IEEE80211 = 0x25\n\tAF_IMPLINK = 0x3\n\tAF_INET = 0x2\n\tAF_INET6 = 0x1e\n\tAF_IPX = 0x17\n\tAF_ISDN = 0x1c\n\tAF_ISO = 0x7\n\tAF_LAT = 0xe\n\tAF_LINK = 0x12\n\tAF_LOCAL = 0x1\n\tAF_MAX = 0x28\n\tAF_NATM = 0x1f\n\tAF_NDRV = 0x1b\n\tAF_NETBIOS = 0x21\n\tAF_NS = 0x6\n\tAF_OSI = 0x7\n\tAF_PPP = 0x22\n\tAF_PUP = 0x4\n\tAF_RESERVED_36 = 0x24\n\tAF_ROUTE = 0x11\n\tAF_SIP = 0x18\n\tAF_SNA = 0xb\n\tAF_SYSTEM = 0x20\n\tAF_UNIX = 0x1\n\tAF_UNSPEC = 0x0\n\tAF_UTUN = 0x26\n\tALTWERASE = 0x200\n\tATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT = 0x5\n\tATTR_CMN_ACCESSMASK = 0x20000\n\tATTR_CMN_ACCTIME = 0x1000\n\tATTR_CMN_ADDEDTIME = 0x10000000\n\tATTR_CMN_BKUPTIME = 0x2000\n\tATTR_CMN_CHGTIME = 0x800\n\tATTR_CMN_CRTIME = 0x200\n\tATTR_CMN_DATA_PROTECT_FLAGS = 0x40000000\n\tATTR_CMN_DEVID = 0x2\n\tATTR_CMN_DOCUMENT_ID = 0x100000\n\tATTR_CMN_ERROR = 0x20000000\n\tATTR_CMN_EXTENDED_SECURITY = 0x400000\n\tATTR_CMN_FILEID = 0x2000000\n\tATTR_CMN_FLAGS = 0x40000\n\tATTR_CMN_FNDRINFO = 0x4000\n\tATTR_CMN_FSID = 0x4\n\tATTR_CMN_FULLPATH = 0x8000000\n\tATTR_CMN_GEN_COUNT = 0x80000\n\tATTR_CMN_GRPID = 0x10000\n\tATTR_CMN_GRPUUID = 0x1000000\n\tATTR_CMN_MODTIME = 0x400\n\tATTR_CMN_NAME = 0x1\n\tATTR_CMN_NAMEDATTRCOUNT = 0x80000\n\tATTR_CMN_NAMEDATTRLIST = 0x100000\n\tATTR_CMN_OBJID = 0x20\n\tATTR_CMN_OBJPERMANENTID = 0x40\n\tATTR_CMN_OBJTAG = 0x10\n\tATTR_CMN_OBJTYPE = 0x8\n\tATTR_CMN_OWNERID = 0x8000\n\tATTR_CMN_PARENTID = 0x4000000\n\tATTR_CMN_PAROBJID = 0x80\n\tATTR_CMN_RETURNED_ATTRS = 0x80000000\n\tATTR_CMN_SCRIPT = 0x100\n\tATTR_CMN_SETMASK = 0x41c7ff00\n\tATTR_CMN_USERACCESS = 0x200000\n\tATTR_CMN_UUID = 0x800000\n\tATTR_CMN_VALIDMASK = 0xffffffff\n\tATTR_CMN_VOLSETMASK = 0x6700\n\tATTR_FILE_ALLOCSIZE = 0x4\n\tATTR_FILE_CLUMPSIZE = 0x10\n\tATTR_FILE_DATAALLOCSIZE = 0x400\n\tATTR_FILE_DATAEXTENTS = 0x800\n\tATTR_FILE_DATALENGTH = 0x200\n\tATTR_FILE_DEVTYPE = 0x20\n\tATTR_FILE_FILETYPE = 0x40\n\tATTR_FILE_FORKCOUNT = 0x80\n\tATTR_FILE_FORKLIST = 0x100\n\tATTR_FILE_IOBLOCKSIZE = 0x8\n\tATTR_FILE_LINKCOUNT = 0x1\n\tATTR_FILE_RSRCALLOCSIZE = 0x2000\n\tATTR_FILE_RSRCEXTENTS = 0x4000\n\tATTR_FILE_RSRCLENGTH = 0x1000\n\tATTR_FILE_SETMASK = 0x20\n\tATTR_FILE_TOTALSIZE = 0x2\n\tATTR_FILE_VALIDMASK = 0x37ff\n\tATTR_VOL_ALLOCATIONCLUMP = 0x40\n\tATTR_VOL_ATTRIBUTES = 0x40000000\n\tATTR_VOL_CAPABILITIES = 0x20000\n\tATTR_VOL_DIRCOUNT = 0x400\n\tATTR_VOL_ENCODINGSUSED = 0x10000\n\tATTR_VOL_FILECOUNT = 0x200\n\tATTR_VOL_FSTYPE = 0x1\n\tATTR_VOL_INFO = 0x80000000\n\tATTR_VOL_IOBLOCKSIZE = 0x80\n\tATTR_VOL_MAXOBJCOUNT = 0x800\n\tATTR_VOL_MINALLOCATION = 0x20\n\tATTR_VOL_MOUNTEDDEVICE = 0x8000\n\tATTR_VOL_MOUNTFLAGS = 0x4000\n\tATTR_VOL_MOUNTPOINT = 0x1000\n\tATTR_VOL_NAME = 0x2000\n\tATTR_VOL_OBJCOUNT = 0x100\n\tATTR_VOL_QUOTA_SIZE = 0x10000000\n\tATTR_VOL_RESERVED_SIZE = 0x20000000\n\tATTR_VOL_SETMASK = 0x80002000\n\tATTR_VOL_SIGNATURE = 0x2\n\tATTR_VOL_SIZE = 0x4\n\tATTR_VOL_SPACEAVAIL = 0x10\n\tATTR_VOL_SPACEFREE = 0x8\n\tATTR_VOL_UUID = 0x40000\n\tATTR_VOL_VALIDMASK = 0xf007ffff\n\tB0 = 0x0\n\tB110 = 0x6e\n\tB115200 = 0x1c200\n\tB1200 = 0x4b0\n\tB134 = 0x86\n\tB14400 = 0x3840\n\tB150 = 0x96\n\tB1800 = 0x708\n\tB19200 = 0x4b00\n\tB200 = 0xc8\n\tB230400 = 0x38400\n\tB2400 = 0x960\n\tB28800 = 0x7080\n\tB300 = 0x12c\n\tB38400 = 0x9600\n\tB4800 = 0x12c0\n\tB50 = 0x32\n\tB57600 = 0xe100\n\tB600 = 0x258\n\tB7200 = 0x1c20\n\tB75 = 0x4b\n\tB76800 = 0x12c00\n\tB9600 = 0x2580\n\tBIOCFLUSH = 0x20004268\n\tBIOCGBLEN = 0x40044266\n\tBIOCGDLT = 0x4004426a\n\tBIOCGDLTLIST = 0xc00c4279\n\tBIOCGETIF = 0x4020426b\n\tBIOCGHDRCMPLT = 0x40044274\n\tBIOCGRSIG = 0x40044272\n\tBIOCGRTIMEOUT = 0x4010426e\n\tBIOCGSEESENT = 0x40044276\n\tBIOCGSTATS = 0x4008426f\n\tBIOCIMMEDIATE = 0x80044270\n\tBIOCPROMISC = 0x20004269\n\tBIOCSBLEN = 0xc0044266\n\tBIOCSDLT = 0x80044278\n\tBIOCSETF = 0x80104267\n\tBIOCSETFNR = 0x8010427e\n\tBIOCSETIF = 0x8020426c\n\tBIOCSHDRCMPLT = 0x80044275\n\tBIOCSRSIG = 0x80044273\n\tBIOCSRTIMEOUT = 0x8010426d\n\tBIOCSSEESENT = 0x80044277\n\tBIOCVERSION = 0x40044271\n\tBPF_A = 0x10\n\tBPF_ABS = 0x20\n\tBPF_ADD = 0x0\n\tBPF_ALIGNMENT = 0x4\n\tBPF_ALU = 0x4\n\tBPF_AND = 0x50\n\tBPF_B = 0x10\n\tBPF_DIV = 0x30\n\tBPF_H = 0x8\n\tBPF_IMM = 0x0\n\tBPF_IND = 0x40\n\tBPF_JA = 0x0\n\tBPF_JEQ = 0x10\n\tBPF_JGE = 0x30\n\tBPF_JGT = 0x20\n\tBPF_JMP = 0x5\n\tBPF_JSET = 0x40\n\tBPF_K = 0x0\n\tBPF_LD = 0x0\n\tBPF_LDX = 0x1\n\tBPF_LEN = 0x80\n\tBPF_LSH = 0x60\n\tBPF_MAJOR_VERSION = 0x1\n\tBPF_MAXBUFSIZE = 0x80000\n\tBPF_MAXINSNS = 0x200\n\tBPF_MEM = 0x60\n\tBPF_MEMWORDS = 0x10\n\tBPF_MINBUFSIZE = 0x20\n\tBPF_MINOR_VERSION = 0x1\n\tBPF_MISC = 0x7\n\tBPF_MSH = 0xa0\n\tBPF_MUL = 0x20\n\tBPF_NEG = 0x80\n\tBPF_OR = 0x40\n\tBPF_RELEASE = 0x30bb6\n\tBPF_RET = 0x6\n\tBPF_RSH = 0x70\n\tBPF_ST = 0x2\n\tBPF_STX = 0x3\n\tBPF_SUB = 0x10\n\tBPF_TAX = 0x0\n\tBPF_TXA = 0x80\n\tBPF_W = 0x0\n\tBPF_X = 0x8\n\tBRKINT = 0x2\n\tBS0 = 0x0\n\tBS1 = 0x8000\n\tBSDLY = 0x8000\n\tCFLUSH = 0xf\n\tCLOCAL = 0x8000\n\tCLOCK_MONOTONIC = 0x6\n\tCLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW = 0x4\n\tCLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX = 0x5\n\tCLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID = 0xc\n\tCLOCK_REALTIME = 0x0\n\tCLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID = 0x10\n\tCLOCK_UPTIME_RAW = 0x8\n\tCLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX = 0x9\n\tCR0 = 0x0\n\tCR1 = 0x1000\n\tCR2 = 0x2000\n\tCR3 = 0x3000\n\tCRDLY = 0x3000\n\tCREAD = 0x800\n\tCRTSCTS = 0x30000\n\tCS5 = 0x0\n\tCS6 = 0x100\n\tCS7 = 0x200\n\tCS8 = 0x300\n\tCSIZE = 0x300\n\tCSTART = 0x11\n\tCSTATUS = 0x14\n\tCSTOP = 0x13\n\tCSTOPB = 0x400\n\tCSUSP = 0x1a\n\tCTL_HW = 0x6\n\tCTL_KERN = 0x1\n\tCTL_MAXNAME = 0xc\n\tCTL_NET = 0x4\n\tDLT_A429 = 0xb8\n\tDLT_A653_ICM = 0xb9\n\tDLT_AIRONET_HEADER = 0x78\n\tDLT_AOS = 0xde\n\tDLT_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394 = 0x8a\n\tDLT_ARCNET = 0x7\n\tDLT_ARCNET_LINUX = 0x81\n\tDLT_ATM_CLIP = 0x13\n\tDLT_ATM_RFC1483 = 0xb\n\tDLT_AURORA = 0x7e\n\tDLT_AX25 = 0x3\n\tDLT_AX25_KISS = 0xca\n\tDLT_BACNET_MS_TP = 0xa5\n\tDLT_BLUETOOTH_HCI_H4 = 0xbb\n\tDLT_BLUETOOTH_HCI_H4_WITH_PHDR = 0xc9\n\tDLT_CAN20B = 0xbe\n\tDLT_CAN_SOCKETCAN = 0xe3\n\tDLT_CHAOS = 0x5\n\tDLT_CHDLC = 0x68\n\tDLT_CISCO_IOS = 0x76\n\tDLT_C_HDLC = 0x68\n\tDLT_C_HDLC_WITH_DIR = 0xcd\n\tDLT_DBUS = 0xe7\n\tDLT_DECT = 0xdd\n\tDLT_DOCSIS = 0x8f\n\tDLT_DVB_CI = 0xeb\n\tDLT_ECONET = 0x73\n\tDLT_EN10MB = 0x1\n\tDLT_EN3MB = 0x2\n\tDLT_ENC = 0x6d\n\tDLT_ERF = 0xc5\n\tDLT_ERF_ETH = 0xaf\n\tDLT_ERF_POS = 0xb0\n\tDLT_FC_2 = 0xe0\n\tDLT_FC_2_WITH_FRAME_DELIMS = 0xe1\n\tDLT_FDDI = 0xa\n\tDLT_FLEXRAY = 0xd2\n\tDLT_FRELAY = 0x6b\n\tDLT_FRELAY_WITH_DIR = 0xce\n\tDLT_GCOM_SERIAL = 0xad\n\tDLT_GCOM_T1E1 = 0xac\n\tDLT_GPF_F = 0xab\n\tDLT_GPF_T = 0xaa\n\tDLT_GPRS_LLC = 0xa9\n\tDLT_GSMTAP_ABIS = 0xda\n\tDLT_GSMTAP_UM = 0xd9\n\tDLT_HHDLC = 0x79\n\tDLT_IBM_SN = 0x92\n\tDLT_IBM_SP = 0x91\n\tDLT_IEEE802 = 0x6\n\tDLT_IEEE802_11 = 0x69\n\tDLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO = 0x7f\n\tDLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS = 0xa3\n\tDLT_IEEE802_15_4 = 0xc3\n\tDLT_IEEE802_15_4_LINUX = 0xbf\n\tDLT_IEEE802_15_4_NOFCS = 0xe6\n\tDLT_IEEE802_15_4_NONASK_PHY = 0xd7\n\tDLT_IEEE802_16_MAC_CPS = 0xbc\n\tDLT_IEEE802_16_MAC_CPS_RADIO = 0xc1\n\tDLT_IPFILTER = 0x74\n\tDLT_IPMB = 0xc7\n\tDLT_IPMB_LINUX = 0xd1\n\tDLT_IPNET = 0xe2\n\tDLT_IPOIB = 0xf2\n\tDLT_IPV4 = 0xe4\n\tDLT_IPV6 = 0xe5\n\tDLT_IP_OVER_FC = 0x7a\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_ATM1 = 0x89\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_ATM2 = 0x87\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_ATM_CEMIC = 0xee\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_CHDLC = 0xb5\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_ES = 0x84\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_ETHER = 0xb2\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_FIBRECHANNEL = 0xea\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_FRELAY = 0xb4\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_GGSN = 0x85\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_ISM = 0xc2\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_MFR = 0x86\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_MLFR = 0x83\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_MLPPP = 0x82\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_MONITOR = 0xa4\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_PIC_PEER = 0xae\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_PPP = 0xb3\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_PPPOE = 0xa7\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_PPPOE_ATM = 0xa8\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_SERVICES = 0x88\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_SRX_E2E = 0xe9\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_ST = 0xc8\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_VP = 0xb7\n\tDLT_JUNIPER_VS = 0xe8\n\tDLT_LAPB_WITH_DIR = 0xcf\n\tDLT_LAPD = 0xcb\n\tDLT_LIN = 0xd4\n\tDLT_LINUX_EVDEV = 0xd8\n\tDLT_LINUX_IRDA = 0x90\n\tDLT_LINUX_LAPD = 0xb1\n\tDLT_LINUX_PPP_WITHDIRECTION = 0xa6\n\tDLT_LINUX_SLL = 0x71\n\tDLT_LOOP = 0x6c\n\tDLT_LTALK = 0x72\n\tDLT_MATCHING_MAX = 0xf5\n\tDLT_MATCHING_MIN = 0x68\n\tDLT_MFR = 0xb6\n\tDLT_MOST = 0xd3\n\tDLT_MPEG_2_TS = 0xf3\n\tDLT_MPLS = 0xdb\n\tDLT_MTP2 = 0x8c\n\tDLT_MTP2_WITH_PHDR = 0x8b\n\tDLT_MTP3 = 0x8d\n\tDLT_MUX27010 = 0xec\n\tDLT_NETANALYZER = 0xf0\n\tDLT_NETANALYZER_TRANSPARENT = 0xf1\n\tDLT_NFC_LLCP = 0xf5\n\tDLT_NFLOG = 0xef\n\tDLT_NG40 = 0xf4\n\tDLT_NULL = 0x0\n\tDLT_PCI_EXP = 0x7d\n\tDLT_PFLOG = 0x75\n\tDLT_PFSYNC = 0x12\n\tDLT_PPI = 0xc0\n\tDLT_PPP = 0x9\n\tDLT_PPP_BSDOS = 0x10\n\tDLT_PPP_ETHER = 0x33\n\tDLT_PPP_PPPD = 0xa6\n\tDLT_PPP_SERIAL = 0x32\n\tDLT_PPP_WITH_DIR = 0xcc\n\tDLT_PPP_WITH_DIRECTION = 0xa6\n\tDLT_PRISM_HEADER = 0x77\n\tDLT_PRONET = 0x4\n\tDLT_RAIF1 = 0xc6\n\tDLT_RAW = 0xc\n\tDLT_RIO = 0x7c\n\tDLT_SCCP = 0x8e\n\tDLT_SITA = 0xc4\n\tDLT_SLIP = 0x8\n\tDLT_SLIP_BSDOS = 0xf\n\tDLT_STANAG_5066_D_PDU = 0xed\n\tDLT_SUNATM = 0x7b\n\tDLT_SYMANTEC_FIREWALL = 0x63\n\tDLT_TZSP = 0x80\n\tDLT_USB = 0xba\n\tDLT_USB_LINUX = 0xbd\n\tDLT_USB_LINUX_MMAPPED = 0xdc\n\tDLT_USER0 = 0x93\n\tDLT_USER1 = 0x94\n\tDLT_USER10 = 0x9d\n\tDLT_USER11 = 0x9e\n\tDLT_USER12 = 0x9f\n\tDLT_USER13 = 0xa0\n\tDLT_USER14 = 0xa1\n\tDLT_USER15 = 0xa2\n\tDLT_USER2 = 0x95\n\tDLT_USER3 = 0x96\n\tDLT_USER4 = 0x97\n\tDLT_USER5 = 0x98\n\tDLT_USER6 = 0x99\n\tDLT_USER7 = 0x9a\n\tDLT_USER8 = 0x9b\n\tDLT_USER9 = 0x9c\n\tDLT_WIHART = 0xdf\n\tDLT_X2E_SERIAL = 0xd5\n\tDLT_X2E_XORAYA = 0xd6\n\tDT_BLK = 0x6\n\tDT_CHR = 0x2\n\tDT_DIR = 0x4\n\tDT_FIFO = 0x1\n\tDT_LNK = 0xa\n\tDT_REG = 0x8\n\tDT_SOCK = 0xc\n\tDT_UNKNOWN = 0x0\n\tDT_WHT = 0xe\n\tECHO = 0x8\n\tECHOCTL = 0x40\n\tECHOE = 0x2\n\tECHOK = 0x4\n\tECHOKE = 0x1\n\tECHONL = 0x10\n\tECHOPRT = 0x20\n\tEVFILT_AIO = -0x3\n\tEVFILT_EXCEPT = -0xf\n\tEVFILT_FS = -0x9\n\tEVFILT_MACHPORT = -0x8\n\tEVFILT_PROC = -0x5\n\tEVFILT_READ = -0x1\n\tEVFILT_SIGNAL = -0x6\n\tEVFILT_SYSCOUNT = 0xf\n\tEVFILT_THREADMARKER = 0xf\n\tEVFILT_TIMER = -0x7\n\tEVFILT_USER = -0xa\n\tEVFILT_VM = -0xc\n\tEVFILT_VNODE = -0x4\n\tEVFILT_WRITE = -0x2\n\tEV_ADD = 0x1\n\tEV_CLEAR = 0x20\n\tEV_DELETE = 0x2\n\tEV_DISABLE = 0x8\n\tEV_DISPATCH = 0x80\n\tEV_DISPATCH2 = 0x180\n\tEV_ENABLE = 0x4\n\tEV_EOF = 0x8000\n\tEV_ERROR = 0x4000\n\tEV_FLAG0 = 0x1000\n\tEV_FLAG1 = 0x2000\n\tEV_ONESHOT = 0x10\n\tEV_OOBAND = 0x2000\n\tEV_POLL = 0x1000\n\tEV_RECEIPT = 0x40\n\tEV_SYSFLAGS = 0xf000\n\tEV_UDATA_SPECIFIC = 0x100\n\tEV_VANISHED = 0x200\n\tEXTA = 0x4b00\n\tEXTB = 0x9600\n\tEXTPROC = 0x800\n\tFD_CLOEXEC = 0x1\n\tFD_SETSIZE = 0x400\n\tFF0 = 0x0\n\tFF1 = 0x4000\n\tFFDLY = 0x4000\n\tFLUSHO = 0x800000\n\tFSOPT_ATTR_CMN_EXTENDED = 0x20\n\tFSOPT_NOFOLLOW = 0x1\n\tFSOPT_NOINMEMUPDATE = 0x2\n\tFSOPT_PACK_INVAL_ATTRS = 0x8\n\tFSOPT_REPORT_FULLSIZE = 0x4\n\tF_ADDFILESIGS = 0x3d\n\tF_ADDFILESIGS_FOR_DYLD_SIM = 0x53\n\tF_ADDFILESIGS_RETURN = 0x61\n\tF_ADDSIGS = 0x3b\n\tF_ALLOCATEALL = 0x4\n\tF_ALLOCATECONTIG = 0x2\n\tF_BARRIERFSYNC = 0x55\n\tF_CHECK_LV = 0x62\n\tF_CHKCLEAN = 0x29\n\tF_DUPFD = 0x0\n\tF_DUPFD_CLOEXEC = 0x43\n\tF_FINDSIGS = 0x4e\n\tF_FLUSH_DATA = 0x28\n\tF_FREEZE_FS = 0x35\n\tF_FULLFSYNC = 0x33\n\tF_GETCODEDIR = 0x48\n\tF_GETFD = 0x1\n\tF_GETFL = 0x3\n\tF_GETLK = 0x7\n\tF_GETLKPID = 0x42\n\tF_GETNOSIGPIPE = 0x4a\n\tF_GETOWN = 0x5\n\tF_GETPATH = 0x32\n\tF_GETPATH_MTMINFO = 0x47\n\tF_GETPROTECTIONCLASS = 0x3f\n\tF_GETPROTECTIONLEVEL = 0x4d\n\tF_GLOBAL_NOCACHE = 0x37\n\tF_LOG2PHYS = 0x31\n\tF_LOG2PHYS_EXT = 0x41\n\tF_NOCACHE = 0x30\n\tF_NODIRECT = 0x3e\n\tF_OK = 0x0\n\tF_PATHPKG_CHECK = 0x34\n\tF_PEOFPOSMODE = 0x3\n\tF_PREALLOCATE = 0x2a\n\tF_PUNCHHOLE = 0x63\n\tF_RDADVISE = 0x2c\n\tF_RDAHEAD = 0x2d\n\tF_RDLCK = 0x1\n\tF_SETBACKINGSTORE = 0x46\n\tF_SETFD = 0x2\n\tF_SETFL = 0x4\n\tF_SETLK = 0x8\n\tF_SETLKW = 0x9\n\tF_SETLKWTIMEOUT = 0xa\n\tF_SETNOSIGPIPE = 0x49\n\tF_SETOWN = 0x6\n\tF_SETPROTECTIONCLASS = 0x40\n\tF_SETSIZE = 0x2b\n\tF_SINGLE_WRITER = 0x4c\n\tF_THAW_FS = 0x36\n\tF_TRANSCODEKEY = 0x4b\n\tF_TRIM_ACTIVE_FILE = 0x64\n\tF_UNLCK = 0x2\n\tF_VOLPOSMODE = 0x4\n\tF_WRLCK = 0x3\n\tHUPCL = 0x4000\n\tHW_MACHINE = 0x1\n\tICANON = 0x100\n\tICMP6_FILTER = 0x12\n\tICRNL = 0x100\n\tIEXTEN = 0x400\n\tIFF_ALLMULTI = 0x200\n\tIFF_ALTPHYS = 0x4000\n\tIFF_BROADCAST = 0x2\n\tIFF_DEBUG = 0x4\n\tIFF_LINK0 = 0x1000\n\tIFF_LINK1 = 0x2000\n\tIFF_LINK2 = 0x4000\n\tIFF_LOOPBACK = 0x8\n\tIFF_MULTICAST = 0x8000\n\tIFF_NOARP = 0x80\n\tIFF_NOTRAILERS = 0x20\n\tIFF_OACTIVE = 0x400\n\tIFF_POINTOPOINT = 0x10\n\tIFF_PROMISC = 0x100\n\tIFF_RUNNING = 0x40\n\tIFF_SIMPLEX = 0x800\n\tIFF_UP = 0x1\n\tIFNAMSIZ = 0x10\n\tIFT_1822 = 0x2\n\tIFT_AAL5 = 0x31\n\tIFT_ARCNET = 0x23\n\tIFT_ARCNETPLUS = 0x24\n\tIFT_ATM = 0x25\n\tIFT_BRIDGE = 0xd1\n\tIFT_CARP = 0xf8\n\tIFT_CELLULAR = 0xff\n\tIFT_CEPT = 0x13\n\tIFT_DS3 = 0x1e\n\tIFT_ENC = 0xf4\n\tIFT_EON = 0x19\n\tIFT_ETHER = 0x6\n\tIFT_FAITH = 0x38\n\tIFT_FDDI = 0xf\n\tIFT_FRELAY = 0x20\n\tIFT_FRELAYDCE = 0x2c\n\tIFT_GIF = 0x37\n\tIFT_HDH1822 = 0x3\n\tIFT_HIPPI = 0x2f\n\tIFT_HSSI = 0x2e\n\tIFT_HY = 0xe\n\tIFT_IEEE1394 = 0x90\n\tIFT_IEEE8023ADLAG = 0x88\n\tIFT_ISDNBASIC = 0x14\n\tIFT_ISDNPRIMARY = 0x15\n\tIFT_ISO88022LLC = 0x29\n\tIFT_ISO88023 = 0x7\n\tIFT_ISO88024 = 0x8\n\tIFT_ISO88025 = 0x9\n\tIFT_ISO88026 = 0xa\n\tIFT_L2VLAN = 0x87\n\tIFT_LAPB = 0x10\n\tIFT_LOCALTALK = 0x2a\n\tIFT_LOOP = 0x18\n\tIFT_MIOX25 = 0x26\n\tIFT_MODEM = 0x30\n\tIFT_NSIP = 0x1b\n\tIFT_OTHER = 0x1\n\tIFT_P10 = 0xc\n\tIFT_P80 = 0xd\n\tIFT_PARA = 0x22\n\tIFT_PDP = 0xff\n\tIFT_PFLOG = 0xf5\n\tIFT_PFSYNC = 0xf6\n\tIFT_PKTAP = 0xfe\n\tIFT_PPP = 0x17\n\tIFT_PROPMUX = 0x36\n\tIFT_PROPVIRTUAL = 0x35\n\tIFT_PTPSERIAL = 0x16\n\tIFT_RS232 = 0x21\n\tIFT_SDLC = 0x11\n\tIFT_SIP = 0x1f\n\tIFT_SLIP = 0x1c\n\tIFT_SMDSDXI = 0x2b\n\tIFT_SMDSICIP = 0x34\n\tIFT_SONET = 0x27\n\tIFT_SONETPATH = 0x32\n\tIFT_SONETVT = 0x33\n\tIFT_STARLAN = 0xb\n\tIFT_STF = 0x39\n\tIFT_T1 = 0x12\n\tIFT_ULTRA = 0x1d\n\tIFT_V35 = 0x2d\n\tIFT_X25 = 0x5\n\tIFT_X25DDN = 0x4\n\tIFT_X25PLE = 0x28\n\tIFT_XETHER = 0x1a\n\tIGNBRK = 0x1\n\tIGNCR = 0x80\n\tIGNPAR = 0x4\n\tIMAXBEL = 0x2000\n\tINLCR = 0x40\n\tINPCK = 0x10\n\tIN_CLASSA_HOST = 0xffffff\n\tIN_CLASSA_MAX = 0x80\n\tIN_CLASSA_NET = 0xff000000\n\tIN_CLASSA_NSHIFT = 0x18\n\tIN_CLASSB_HOST = 0xffff\n\tIN_CLASSB_MAX = 0x10000\n\tIN_CLASSB_NET = 0xffff0000\n\tIN_CLASSB_NSHIFT = 0x10\n\tIN_CLASSC_HOST = 0xff\n\tIN_CLASSC_NET = 0xffffff00\n\tIN_CLASSC_NSHIFT = 0x8\n\tIN_CLASSD_HOST = 0xfffffff\n\tIN_CLASSD_NET = 0xf0000000\n\tIN_CLASSD_NSHIFT = 0x1c\n\tIN_LINKLOCALNETNUM = 0xa9fe0000\n\tIN_LOOPBACKNET = 0x7f\n\tIPPROTO_3PC = 0x22\n\tIPPROTO_ADFS = 0x44\n\tIPPROTO_AH = 0x33\n\tIPPROTO_AHIP = 0x3d\n\tIPPROTO_APES = 0x63\n\tIPPROTO_ARGUS = 0xd\n\tIPPROTO_AX25 = 0x5d\n\tIPPROTO_BHA = 0x31\n\tIPPROTO_BLT = 0x1e\n\tIPPROTO_BRSATMON = 0x4c\n\tIPPROTO_CFTP = 0x3e\n\tIPPROTO_CHAOS = 0x10\n\tIPPROTO_CMTP = 0x26\n\tIPPROTO_CPHB = 0x49\n\tIPPROTO_CPNX = 0x48\n\tIPPROTO_DDP = 0x25\n\tIPPROTO_DGP = 0x56\n\tIPPROTO_DIVERT = 0xfe\n\tIPPROTO_DONE = 0x101\n\tIPPROTO_DSTOPTS = 0x3c\n\tIPPROTO_EGP = 0x8\n\tIPPROTO_EMCON = 0xe\n\tIPPROTO_ENCAP = 0x62\n\tIPPROTO_EON = 0x50\n\tIPPROTO_ESP = 0x32\n\tIPPROTO_ETHERIP = 0x61\n\tIPPROTO_FRAGMENT = 0x2c\n\tIPPROTO_GGP = 0x3\n\tIPPROTO_GMTP = 0x64\n\tIPPROTO_GRE = 0x2f\n\tIPPROTO_HELLO = 0x3f\n\tIPPROTO_HMP = 0x14\n\tIPPROTO_HOPOPTS = 0x0\n\tIPPROTO_ICMP = 0x1\n\tIPPROTO_ICMPV6 = 0x3a\n\tIPPROTO_IDP = 0x16\n\tIPPROTO_IDPR = 0x23\n\tIPPROTO_IDRP = 0x2d\n\tIPPROTO_IGMP = 0x2\n\tIPPROTO_IGP = 0x55\n\tIPPROTO_IGRP = 0x58\n\tIPPROTO_IL = 0x28\n\tIPPROTO_INLSP = 0x34\n\tIPPROTO_INP = 0x20\n\tIPPROTO_IP = 0x0\n\tIPPROTO_IPCOMP = 0x6c\n\tIPPROTO_IPCV = 0x47\n\tIPPROTO_IPEIP = 0x5e\n\tIPPROTO_IPIP = 0x4\n\tIPPROTO_IPPC = 0x43\n\tIPPROTO_IPV4 = 0x4\n\tIPPROTO_IPV6 = 0x29\n\tIPPROTO_IRTP = 0x1c\n\tIPPROTO_KRYPTOLAN = 0x41\n\tIPPROTO_LARP = 0x5b\n\tIPPROTO_LEAF1 = 0x19\n\tIPPROTO_LEAF2 = 0x1a\n\tIPPROTO_MAX = 0x100\n\tIPPROTO_MAXID = 0x34\n\tIPPROTO_MEAS = 0x13\n\tIPPROTO_MHRP = 0x30\n\tIPPROTO_MICP = 0x5f\n\tIPPROTO_MTP = 0x5c\n\tIPPROTO_MUX = 0x12\n\tIPPROTO_ND = 0x4d\n\tIPPROTO_NHRP = 0x36\n\tIPPROTO_NONE = 0x3b\n\tIPPROTO_NSP = 0x1f\n\tIPPROTO_NVPII = 0xb\n\tIPPROTO_OSPFIGP = 0x59\n\tIPPROTO_PGM = 0x71\n\tIPPROTO_PIGP = 0x9\n\tIPPROTO_PIM = 0x67\n\tIPPROTO_PRM = 0x15\n\tIPPROTO_PUP = 0xc\n\tIPPROTO_PVP = 0x4b\n\tIPPROTO_RAW = 0xff\n\tIPPROTO_RCCMON = 0xa\n\tIPPROTO_RDP = 0x1b\n\tIPPROTO_ROUTING = 0x2b\n\tIPPROTO_RSVP = 0x2e\n\tIPPROTO_RVD = 0x42\n\tIPPROTO_SATEXPAK = 0x40\n\tIPPROTO_SATMON = 0x45\n\tIPPROTO_SCCSP = 0x60\n\tIPPROTO_SCTP = 0x84\n\tIPPROTO_SDRP = 0x2a\n\tIPPROTO_SEP = 0x21\n\tIPPROTO_SRPC = 0x5a\n\tIPPROTO_ST = 0x7\n\tIPPROTO_SVMTP = 0x52\n\tIPPROTO_SWIPE = 0x35\n\tIPPROTO_TCF = 0x57\n\tIPPROTO_TCP = 0x6\n\tIPPROTO_TP = 0x1d\n\tIPPROTO_TPXX = 0x27\n\tIPPROTO_TRUNK1 = 0x17\n\tIPPROTO_TRUNK2 = 0x18\n\tIPPROTO_TTP = 0x54\n\tIPPROTO_UDP = 0x11\n\tIPPROTO_VINES = 0x53\n\tIPPROTO_VISA = 0x46\n\tIPPROTO_VMTP = 0x51\n\tIPPROTO_WBEXPAK = 0x4f\n\tIPPROTO_WBMON = 0x4e\n\tIPPROTO_WSN = 0x4a\n\tIPPROTO_XNET = 0xf\n\tIPPROTO_XTP = 0x24\n\tIPV6_2292DSTOPTS = 0x17\n\tIPV6_2292HOPLIMIT = 0x14\n\tIPV6_2292HOPOPTS = 0x16\n\tIPV6_2292NEXTHOP = 0x15\n\tIPV6_2292PKTINFO = 0x13\n\tIPV6_2292PKTOPTIONS = 0x19\n\tIPV6_2292RTHDR = 0x18\n\tIPV6_BINDV6ONLY = 0x1b\n\tIPV6_BOUND_IF = 0x7d\n\tIPV6_CHECKSUM = 0x1a\n\tIPV6_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_HOPS = 0x1\n\tIPV6_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_LOOP = 0x1\n\tIPV6_DEFHLIM = 0x40\n\tIPV6_FAITH = 0x1d\n\tIPV6_FLOWINFO_MASK = 0xffffff0f\n\tIPV6_FLOWLABEL_MASK = 0xffff0f00\n\tIPV6_FLOW_ECN_MASK = 0x300\n\tIPV6_FRAGTTL = 0x3c\n\tIPV6_FW_ADD = 0x1e\n\tIPV6_FW_DEL = 0x1f\n\tIPV6_FW_FLUSH = 0x20\n\tIPV6_FW_GET = 0x22\n\tIPV6_FW_ZERO = 0x21\n\tIPV6_HLIMDEC = 0x1\n\tIPV6_IPSEC_POLICY = 0x1c\n\tIPV6_JOIN_GROUP = 0xc\n\tIPV6_LEAVE_GROUP = 0xd\n\tIPV6_MAXHLIM = 0xff\n\tIPV6_MAXOPTHDR = 0x800\n\tIPV6_MAXPACKET = 0xffff\n\tIPV6_MAX_GROUP_SRC_FILTER = 0x200\n\tIPV6_MAX_MEMBERSHIPS = 0xfff\n\tIPV6_MAX_SOCK_SRC_FILTER = 0x80\n\tIPV6_MIN_MEMBERSHIPS = 0x1f\n\tIPV6_MMTU = 0x500\n\tIPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS = 0xa\n\tIPV6_MULTICAST_IF = 0x9\n\tIPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP = 0xb\n\tIPV6_PORTRANGE = 0xe\n\tIPV6_PORTRANGE_DEFAULT = 0x0\n\tIPV6_PORTRANGE_HIGH = 0x1\n\tIPV6_PORTRANGE_LOW = 0x2\n\tIPV6_RECVTCLASS = 0x23\n\tIPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE = 0x0\n\tIPV6_RTHDR_STRICT = 0x1\n\tIPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0 = 0x0\n\tIPV6_SOCKOPT_RESERVED1 = 0x3\n\tIPV6_TCLASS = 0x24\n\tIPV6_UNICAST_HOPS = 0x4\n\tIPV6_V6ONLY = 0x1b\n\tIPV6_VERSION = 0x60\n\tIPV6_VERSION_MASK = 0xf0\n\tIP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP = 0xc\n\tIP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP = 0x46\n\tIP_BLOCK_SOURCE = 0x48\n\tIP_BOUND_IF = 0x19\n\tIP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_LOOP = 0x1\n\tIP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_TTL = 0x1\n\tIP_DF = 0x4000\n\tIP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP = 0xd\n\tIP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP = 0x47\n\tIP_DUMMYNET_CONFIGURE = 0x3c\n\tIP_DUMMYNET_DEL = 0x3d\n\tIP_DUMMYNET_FLUSH = 0x3e\n\tIP_DUMMYNET_GET = 0x40\n\tIP_FAITH = 0x16\n\tIP_FW_ADD = 0x28\n\tIP_FW_DEL = 0x29\n\tIP_FW_FLUSH = 0x2a\n\tIP_FW_GET = 0x2c\n\tIP_FW_RESETLOG = 0x2d\n\tIP_FW_ZERO = 0x2b\n\tIP_HDRINCL = 0x2\n\tIP_IPSEC_POLICY = 0x15\n\tIP_MAXPACKET = 0xffff\n\tIP_MAX_GROUP_SRC_FILTER = 0x200\n\tIP_MAX_MEMBERSHIPS = 0xfff\n\tIP_MAX_SOCK_MUTE_FILTER = 0x80\n\tIP_MAX_SOCK_SRC_FILTER = 0x80\n\tIP_MF = 0x2000\n\tIP_MIN_MEMBERSHIPS = 0x1f\n\tIP_MSFILTER = 0x4a\n\tIP_MSS = 0x240\n\tIP_MULTICAST_IF = 0x9\n\tIP_MULTICAST_IFINDEX = 0x42\n\tIP_MULTICAST_LOOP = 0xb\n\tIP_MULTICAST_TTL = 0xa\n\tIP_MULTICAST_VIF = 0xe\n\tIP_NAT__XXX = 0x37\n\tIP_OFFMASK = 0x1fff\n\tIP_OLD_FW_ADD = 0x32\n\tIP_OLD_FW_DEL = 0x33\n\tIP_OLD_FW_FLUSH = 0x34\n\tIP_OLD_FW_GET = 0x36\n\tIP_OLD_FW_RESETLOG = 0x38\n\tIP_OLD_FW_ZERO = 0x35\n\tIP_OPTIONS = 0x1\n\tIP_PKTINFO = 0x1a\n\tIP_PORTRANGE = 0x13\n\tIP_PORTRANGE_DEFAULT = 0x0\n\tIP_PORTRANGE_HIGH = 0x1\n\tIP_PORTRANGE_LOW = 0x2\n\tIP_RECVDSTADDR = 0x7\n\tIP_RECVIF = 0x14\n\tIP_RECVOPTS = 0x5\n\tIP_RECVPKTINFO = 0x1a\n\tIP_RECVRETOPTS = 0x6\n\tIP_RECVTOS = 0x1b\n\tIP_RECVTTL = 0x18\n\tIP_RETOPTS = 0x8\n\tIP_RF = 0x8000\n\tIP_RSVP_OFF = 0x10\n\tIP_RSVP_ON = 0xf\n\tIP_RSVP_VIF_OFF = 0x12\n\tIP_RSVP_VIF_ON = 0x11\n\tIP_STRIPHDR = 0x17\n\tIP_TOS = 0x3\n\tIP_TRAFFIC_MGT_BACKGROUND = 0x41\n\tIP_TTL = 0x4\n\tIP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE = 0x49\n\tISIG = 0x80\n\tISTRIP = 0x20\n\tIUTF8 = 0x4000\n\tIXANY = 0x800\n\tIXOFF = 0x400\n\tIXON = 0x200\n\tKERN_HOSTNAME = 0xa\n\tKERN_OSRELEASE = 0x2\n\tKERN_OSTYPE = 0x1\n\tKERN_VERSION = 0x4\n\tLOCK_EX = 0x2\n\tLOCK_NB = 0x4\n\tLOCK_SH = 0x1\n\tLOCK_UN = 0x8\n\tMADV_CAN_REUSE = 0x9\n\tMADV_DONTNEED = 0x4\n\tMADV_FREE = 0x5\n\tMADV_FREE_REUSABLE = 0x7\n\tMADV_FREE_REUSE = 0x8\n\tMADV_NORMAL = 0x0\n\tMADV_PAGEOUT = 0xa\n\tMADV_RANDOM = 0x1\n\tMADV_SEQUENTIAL = 0x2\n\tMADV_WILLNEED = 0x3\n\tMADV_ZERO_WIRED_PAGES = 0x6\n\tMAP_ANON = 0x1000\n\tMAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x1000\n\tMAP_COPY = 0x2\n\tMAP_FILE = 0x0\n\tMAP_FIXED = 0x10\n\tMAP_HASSEMAPHORE = 0x200\n\tMAP_JIT = 0x800\n\tMAP_NOCACHE = 0x400\n\tMAP_NOEXTEND = 0x100\n\tMAP_NORESERVE = 0x40\n\tMAP_PRIVATE = 0x2\n\tMAP_RENAME = 0x20\n\tMAP_RESERVED0080 = 0x80\n\tMAP_RESILIENT_CODESIGN = 0x2000\n\tMAP_RESILIENT_MEDIA = 0x4000\n\tMAP_SHARED = 0x1\n\tMCL_CURRENT = 0x1\n\tMCL_FUTURE = 0x2\n\tMNT_ASYNC = 0x40\n\tMNT_AUTOMOUNTED = 0x400000\n\tMNT_CMDFLAGS = 0xf0000\n\tMNT_CPROTECT = 0x80\n\tMNT_DEFWRITE = 0x2000000\n\tMNT_DONTBROWSE = 0x100000\n\tMNT_DOVOLFS = 0x8000\n\tMNT_DWAIT = 0x4\n\tMNT_EXPORTED = 0x100\n\tMNT_FORCE = 0x80000\n\tMNT_IGNORE_OWNERSHIP = 0x200000\n\tMNT_JOURNALED = 0x800000\n\tMNT_LOCAL = 0x1000\n\tMNT_MULTILABEL = 0x4000000\n\tMNT_NOATIME = 0x10000000\n\tMNT_NOBLOCK = 0x20000\n\tMNT_NODEV = 0x10\n\tMNT_NOEXEC = 0x4\n\tMNT_NOSUID = 0x8\n\tMNT_NOUSERXATTR = 0x1000000\n\tMNT_NOWAIT = 0x2\n\tMNT_QUARANTINE = 0x400\n\tMNT_QUOTA = 0x2000\n\tMNT_RDONLY = 0x1\n\tMNT_RELOAD = 0x40000\n\tMNT_ROOTFS = 0x4000\n\tMNT_SYNCHRONOUS = 0x2\n\tMNT_UNION = 0x20\n\tMNT_UNKNOWNPERMISSIONS = 0x200000\n\tMNT_UPDATE = 0x10000\n\tMNT_VISFLAGMASK = 0x17f0f5ff\n\tMNT_WAIT = 0x1\n\tMSG_CTRUNC = 0x20\n\tMSG_DONTROUTE = 0x4\n\tMSG_DONTWAIT = 0x80\n\tMSG_EOF = 0x100\n\tMSG_EOR = 0x8\n\tMSG_FLUSH = 0x400\n\tMSG_HAVEMORE = 0x2000\n\tMSG_HOLD = 0x800\n\tMSG_NEEDSA = 0x10000\n\tMSG_OOB = 0x1\n\tMSG_PEEK = 0x2\n\tMSG_RCVMORE = 0x4000\n\tMSG_SEND = 0x1000\n\tMSG_TRUNC = 0x10\n\tMSG_WAITALL = 0x40\n\tMSG_WAITSTREAM = 0x200\n\tMS_ASYNC = 0x1\n\tMS_DEACTIVATE = 0x8\n\tMS_INVALIDATE = 0x2\n\tMS_KILLPAGES = 0x4\n\tMS_SYNC = 0x10\n\tNAME_MAX = 0xff\n\tNET_RT_DUMP = 0x1\n\tNET_RT_DUMP2 = 0x7\n\tNET_RT_FLAGS = 0x2\n\tNET_RT_IFLIST = 0x3\n\tNET_RT_IFLIST2 = 0x6\n\tNET_RT_MAXID = 0xa\n\tNET_RT_STAT = 0x4\n\tNET_RT_TRASH = 0x5\n\tNFDBITS = 0x20\n\tNL0 = 0x0\n\tNL1 = 0x100\n\tNL2 = 0x200\n\tNL3 = 0x300\n\tNLDLY = 0x300\n\tNOFLSH = 0x80000000\n\tNOKERNINFO = 0x2000000\n\tNOTE_ABSOLUTE = 0x8\n\tNOTE_ATTRIB = 0x8\n\tNOTE_BACKGROUND = 0x40\n\tNOTE_CHILD = 0x4\n\tNOTE_CRITICAL = 0x20\n\tNOTE_DELETE = 0x1\n\tNOTE_EXEC = 0x20000000\n\tNOTE_EXIT = 0x80000000\n\tNOTE_EXITSTATUS = 0x4000000\n\tNOTE_EXIT_CSERROR = 0x40000\n\tNOTE_EXIT_DECRYPTFAIL = 0x10000\n\tNOTE_EXIT_DETAIL = 0x2000000\n\tNOTE_EXIT_DETAIL_MASK = 0x70000\n\tNOTE_EXIT_MEMORY = 0x20000\n\tNOTE_EXIT_REPARENTED = 0x80000\n\tNOTE_EXTEND = 0x4\n\tNOTE_FFAND = 0x40000000\n\tNOTE_FFCOPY = 0xc0000000\n\tNOTE_FFCTRLMASK = 0xc0000000\n\tNOTE_FFLAGSMASK = 0xffffff\n\tNOTE_FFNOP = 0x0\n\tNOTE_FFOR = 0x80000000\n\tNOTE_FORK = 0x40000000\n\tNOTE_FUNLOCK = 0x100\n\tNOTE_LEEWAY = 0x10\n\tNOTE_LINK = 0x10\n\tNOTE_LOWAT = 0x1\n\tNOTE_MACH_CONTINUOUS_TIME = 0x80\n\tNOTE_NONE = 0x80\n\tNOTE_NSECONDS = 0x4\n\tNOTE_OOB = 0x2\n\tNOTE_PCTRLMASK = -0x100000\n\tNOTE_PDATAMASK = 0xfffff\n\tNOTE_REAP = 0x10000000\n\tNOTE_RENAME = 0x20\n\tNOTE_REVOKE = 0x40\n\tNOTE_SECONDS = 0x1\n\tNOTE_SIGNAL = 0x8000000\n\tNOTE_TRACK = 0x1\n\tNOTE_TRACKERR = 0x2\n\tNOTE_TRIGGER = 0x1000000\n\tNOTE_USECONDS = 0x2\n\tNOTE_VM_ERROR = 0x10000000\n\tNOTE_VM_PRESSURE = 0x80000000\n\tNOTE_VM_PRESSURE_SUDDEN_TERMINATE = 0x20000000\n\tNOTE_VM_PRESSURE_TERMINATE = 0x40000000\n\tNOTE_WRITE = 0x2\n\tOCRNL = 0x10\n\tOFDEL = 0x20000\n\tOFILL = 0x80\n\tONLCR = 0x2\n\tONLRET = 0x40\n\tONOCR = 0x20\n\tONOEOT = 0x8\n\tOPOST = 0x1\n\tOXTABS = 0x4\n\tO_ACCMODE = 0x3\n\tO_ALERT = 0x20000000\n\tO_APPEND = 0x8\n\tO_ASYNC = 0x40\n\tO_CLOEXEC = 0x1000000\n\tO_CREAT = 0x200\n\tO_DIRECTORY = 0x100000\n\tO_DP_GETRAWENCRYPTED = 0x1\n\tO_DP_GETRAWUNENCRYPTED = 0x2\n\tO_DSYNC = 0x400000\n\tO_EVTONLY = 0x8000\n\tO_EXCL = 0x800\n\tO_EXLOCK = 0x20\n\tO_FSYNC = 0x80\n\tO_NDELAY = 0x4\n\tO_NOCTTY = 0x20000\n\tO_NOFOLLOW = 0x100\n\tO_NONBLOCK = 0x4\n\tO_POPUP = 0x80000000\n\tO_RDONLY = 0x0\n\tO_RDWR = 0x2\n\tO_SHLOCK = 0x10\n\tO_SYMLINK = 0x200000\n\tO_SYNC = 0x80\n\tO_TRUNC = 0x400\n\tO_WRONLY = 0x1\n\tPARENB = 0x1000\n\tPARMRK = 0x8\n\tPARODD = 0x2000\n\tPENDIN = 0x20000000\n\tPRIO_PGRP = 0x1\n\tPRIO_PROCESS = 0x0\n\tPRIO_USER = 0x2\n\tPROT_EXEC = 0x4\n\tPROT_NONE = 0x0\n\tPROT_READ = 0x1\n\tPROT_WRITE = 0x2\n\tPT_ATTACH = 0xa\n\tPT_ATTACHEXC = 0xe\n\tPT_CONTINUE = 0x7\n\tPT_DENY_ATTACH = 0x1f\n\tPT_DETACH = 0xb\n\tPT_FIRSTMACH = 0x20\n\tPT_FORCEQUOTA = 0x1e\n\tPT_KILL = 0x8\n\tPT_READ_D = 0x2\n\tPT_READ_I = 0x1\n\tPT_READ_U = 0x3\n\tPT_SIGEXC = 0xc\n\tPT_STEP = 0x9\n\tPT_THUPDATE = 0xd\n\tPT_TRACE_ME = 0x0\n\tPT_WRITE_D = 0x5\n\tPT_WRITE_I = 0x4\n\tPT_WRITE_U = 0x6\n\tRLIMIT_AS = 0x5\n\tRLIMIT_CORE = 0x4\n\tRLIMIT_CPU = 0x0\n\tRLIMIT_CPU_USAGE_MONITOR = 0x2\n\tRLIMIT_DATA = 0x2\n\tRLIMIT_FSIZE = 0x1\n\tRLIMIT_MEMLOCK = 0x6\n\tRLIMIT_NOFILE = 0x8\n\tRLIMIT_NPROC = 0x7\n\tRLIMIT_RSS = 0x5\n\tRLIMIT_STACK = 0x3\n\tRLIM_INFINITY = 0x7fffffffffffffff\n\tRTAX_AUTHOR = 0x6\n\tRTAX_BRD = 0x7\n\tRTAX_DST = 0x0\n\tRTAX_GATEWAY = 0x1\n\tRTAX_GENMASK = 0x3\n\tRTAX_IFA = 0x5\n\tRTAX_IFP = 0x4\n\tRTAX_MAX = 0x8\n\tRTAX_NETMASK = 0x2\n\tRTA_AUTHOR = 0x40\n\tRTA_BRD = 0x80\n\tRTA_DST = 0x1\n\tRTA_GATEWAY = 0x2\n\tRTA_GENMASK = 0x8\n\tRTA_IFA = 0x20\n\tRTA_IFP = 0x10\n\tRTA_NETMASK = 0x4\n\tRTF_BLACKHOLE = 0x1000\n\tRTF_BROADCAST = 0x400000\n\tRTF_CLONING = 0x100\n\tRTF_CONDEMNED = 0x2000000\n\tRTF_DELCLONE = 0x80\n\tRTF_DONE = 0x40\n\tRTF_DYNAMIC = 0x10\n\tRTF_GATEWAY = 0x2\n\tRTF_HOST = 0x4\n\tRTF_IFREF = 0x4000000\n\tRTF_IFSCOPE = 0x1000000\n\tRTF_LLINFO = 0x400\n\tRTF_LOCAL = 0x200000\n\tRTF_MODIFIED = 0x20\n\tRTF_MULTICAST = 0x800000\n\tRTF_NOIFREF = 0x2000\n\tRTF_PINNED = 0x100000\n\tRTF_PRCLONING = 0x10000\n\tRTF_PROTO1 = 0x8000\n\tRTF_PROTO2 = 0x4000\n\tRTF_PROTO3 = 0x40000\n\tRTF_PROXY = 0x8000000\n\tRTF_REJECT = 0x8\n\tRTF_ROUTER = 0x10000000\n\tRTF_STATIC = 0x800\n\tRTF_UP = 0x1\n\tRTF_WASCLONED = 0x20000\n\tRTF_XRESOLVE = 0x200\n\tRTM_ADD = 0x1\n\tRTM_CHANGE = 0x3\n\tRTM_DELADDR = 0xd\n\tRTM_DELETE = 0x2\n\tRTM_DELMADDR = 0x10\n\tRTM_GET = 0x4\n\tRTM_GET2 = 0x14\n\tRTM_IFINFO = 0xe\n\tRTM_IFINFO2 = 0x12\n\tRTM_LOCK = 0x8\n\tRTM_LOSING = 0x5\n\tRTM_MISS = 0x7\n\tRTM_NEWADDR = 0xc\n\tRTM_NEWMADDR = 0xf\n\tRTM_NEWMADDR2 = 0x13\n\tRTM_OLDADD = 0x9\n\tRTM_OLDDEL = 0xa\n\tRTM_REDIRECT = 0x6\n\tRTM_RESOLVE = 0xb\n\tRTM_RTTUNIT = 0xf4240\n\tRTM_VERSION = 0x5\n\tRTV_EXPIRE = 0x4\n\tRTV_HOPCOUNT = 0x2\n\tRTV_MTU = 0x1\n\tRTV_RPIPE = 0x8\n\tRTV_RTT = 0x40\n\tRTV_RTTVAR = 0x80\n\tRTV_SPIPE = 0x10\n\tRTV_SSTHRESH = 0x20\n\tRUSAGE_CHILDREN = -0x1\n\tRUSAGE_SELF = 0x0\n\tSCM_CREDS = 0x3\n\tSCM_RIGHTS = 0x1\n\tSCM_TIMESTAMP = 0x2\n\tSCM_TIMESTAMP_MONOTONIC = 0x4\n\tSHUT_RD = 0x0\n\tSHUT_RDWR = 0x2\n\tSHUT_WR = 0x1\n\tSIOCADDMULTI = 0x80206931\n\tSIOCAIFADDR = 0x8040691a\n\tSIOCARPIPLL = 0xc0206928\n\tSIOCATMARK = 0x40047307\n\tSIOCAUTOADDR = 0xc0206926\n\tSIOCAUTONETMASK = 0x80206927\n\tSIOCDELMULTI = 0x80206932\n\tSIOCDIFADDR = 0x80206919\n\tSIOCDIFPHYADDR = 0x80206941\n\tSIOCGDRVSPEC = 0xc028697b\n\tSIOCGETVLAN = 0xc020697f\n\tSIOCGHIWAT = 0x40047301\n\tSIOCGIFADDR = 0xc0206921\n\tSIOCGIFALTMTU = 0xc0206948\n\tSIOCGIFASYNCMAP = 0xc020697c\n\tSIOCGIFBOND = 0xc0206947\n\tSIOCGIFBRDADDR = 0xc0206923\n\tSIOCGIFCAP = 0xc020695b\n\tSIOCGIFCONF = 0xc00c6924\n\tSIOCGIFDEVMTU = 0xc0206944\n\tSIOCGIFDSTADDR = 0xc0206922\n\tSIOCGIFFLAGS = 0xc0206911\n\tSIOCGIFGENERIC = 0xc020693a\n\tSIOCGIFKPI = 0xc0206987\n\tSIOCGIFMAC = 0xc0206982\n\tSIOCGIFMEDIA = 0xc02c6938\n\tSIOCGIFMETRIC = 0xc0206917\n\tSIOCGIFMTU = 0xc0206933\n\tSIOCGIFNETMASK = 0xc0206925\n\tSIOCGIFPDSTADDR = 0xc0206940\n\tSIOCGIFPHYS = 0xc0206935\n\tSIOCGIFPSRCADDR = 0xc020693f\n\tSIOCGIFSTATUS = 0xc331693d\n\tSIOCGIFVLAN = 0xc020697f\n\tSIOCGIFWAKEFLAGS = 0xc0206988\n\tSIOCGLOWAT = 0x40047303\n\tSIOCGPGRP = 0x40047309\n\tSIOCIFCREATE = 0xc0206978\n\tSIOCIFCREATE2 = 0xc020697a\n\tSIOCIFDESTROY = 0x80206979\n\tSIOCIFGCLONERS = 0xc0106981\n\tSIOCRSLVMULTI = 0xc010693b\n\tSIOCSDRVSPEC = 0x8028697b\n\tSIOCSETVLAN = 0x8020697e\n\tSIOCSHIWAT = 0x80047300\n\tSIOCSIFADDR = 0x8020690c\n\tSIOCSIFALTMTU = 0x80206945\n\tSIOCSIFASYNCMAP = 0x8020697d\n\tSIOCSIFBOND = 0x80206946\n\tSIOCSIFBRDADDR = 0x80206913\n\tSIOCSIFCAP = 0x8020695a\n\tSIOCSIFDSTADDR = 0x8020690e\n\tSIOCSIFFLAGS = 0x80206910\n\tSIOCSIFGENERIC = 0x80206939\n\tSIOCSIFKPI = 0x80206986\n\tSIOCSIFLLADDR = 0x8020693c\n\tSIOCSIFMAC = 0x80206983\n\tSIOCSIFMEDIA = 0xc0206937\n\tSIOCSIFMETRIC = 0x80206918\n\tSIOCSIFMTU = 0x80206934\n\tSIOCSIFNETMASK = 0x80206916\n\tSIOCSIFPHYADDR = 0x8040693e\n\tSIOCSIFPHYS = 0x80206936\n\tSIOCSIFVLAN = 0x8020697e\n\tSIOCSLOWAT = 0x80047302\n\tSIOCSPGRP = 0x80047308\n\tSOCK_DGRAM = 0x2\n\tSOCK_MAXADDRLEN = 0xff\n\tSOCK_RAW = 0x3\n\tSOCK_RDM = 0x4\n\tSOCK_SEQPACKET = 0x5\n\tSOCK_STREAM = 0x1\n\tSOL_SOCKET = 0xffff\n\tSOMAXCONN = 0x80\n\tSO_ACCEPTCONN = 0x2\n\tSO_BROADCAST = 0x20\n\tSO_DEBUG = 0x1\n\tSO_DONTROUTE = 0x10\n\tSO_DONTTRUNC = 0x2000\n\tSO_ERROR = 0x1007\n\tSO_KEEPALIVE = 0x8\n\tSO_LABEL = 0x1010\n\tSO_LINGER = 0x80\n\tSO_LINGER_SEC = 0x1080\n\tSO_NETSVC_MARKING_LEVEL = 0x1119\n\tSO_NET_SERVICE_TYPE = 0x1116\n\tSO_NKE = 0x1021\n\tSO_NOADDRERR = 0x1023\n\tSO_NOSIGPIPE = 0x1022\n\tSO_NOTIFYCONFLICT = 0x1026\n\tSO_NP_EXTENSIONS = 0x1083\n\tSO_NREAD = 0x1020\n\tSO_NUMRCVPKT = 0x1112\n\tSO_NWRITE = 0x1024\n\tSO_OOBINLINE = 0x100\n\tSO_PEERLABEL = 0x1011\n\tSO_RANDOMPORT = 0x1082\n\tSO_RCVBUF = 0x1002\n\tSO_RCVLOWAT = 0x1004\n\tSO_RCVTIMEO = 0x1006\n\tSO_REUSEADDR = 0x4\n\tSO_REUSEPORT = 0x200\n\tSO_REUSESHAREUID = 0x1025\n\tSO_SNDBUF = 0x1001\n\tSO_SNDLOWAT = 0x1003\n\tSO_SNDTIMEO = 0x1005\n\tSO_TIMESTAMP = 0x400\n\tSO_TIMESTAMP_MONOTONIC = 0x800\n\tSO_TYPE = 0x1008\n\tSO_UPCALLCLOSEWAIT = 0x1027\n\tSO_USELOOPBACK = 0x40\n\tSO_WANTMORE = 0x4000\n\tSO_WANTOOBFLAG = 0x8000\n\tS_IEXEC = 0x40\n\tS_IFBLK = 0x6000\n\tS_IFCHR = 0x2000\n\tS_IFDIR = 0x4000\n\tS_IFIFO = 0x1000\n\tS_IFLNK = 0xa000\n\tS_IFMT = 0xf000\n\tS_IFREG = 0x8000\n\tS_IFSOCK = 0xc000\n\tS_IFWHT = 0xe000\n\tS_IREAD = 0x100\n\tS_IRGRP = 0x20\n\tS_IROTH = 0x4\n\tS_IRUSR = 0x100\n\tS_IRWXG = 0x38\n\tS_IRWXO = 0x7\n\tS_IRWXU = 0x1c0\n\tS_ISGID = 0x400\n\tS_ISTXT = 0x200\n\tS_ISUID = 0x800\n\tS_ISVTX = 0x200\n\tS_IWGRP = 0x10\n\tS_IWOTH = 0x2\n\tS_IWRITE = 0x80\n\tS_IWUSR = 0x80\n\tS_IXGRP = 0x8\n\tS_IXOTH = 0x1\n\tS_IXUSR = 0x40\n\tTAB0 = 0x0\n\tTAB1 = 0x400\n\tTAB2 = 0x800\n\tTAB3 = 0x4\n\tTABDLY = 0xc04\n\tTCIFLUSH = 0x1\n\tTCIOFF = 0x3\n\tTCIOFLUSH = 0x3\n\tTCION = 0x4\n\tTCOFLUSH = 0x2\n\tTCOOFF = 0x1\n\tTCOON = 0x2\n\tTCP_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT = 0x20\n\tTCP_CONNECTION_INFO = 0x106\n\tTCP_ENABLE_ECN = 0x104\n\tTCP_FASTOPEN = 0x105\n\tTCP_KEEPALIVE = 0x10\n\tTCP_KEEPCNT = 0x102\n\tTCP_KEEPINTVL = 0x101\n\tTCP_MAXHLEN = 0x3c\n\tTCP_MAXOLEN = 0x28\n\tTCP_MAXSEG = 0x2\n\tTCP_MAXWIN = 0xffff\n\tTCP_MAX_SACK = 0x4\n\tTCP_MAX_WINSHIFT = 0xe\n\tTCP_MINMSS = 0xd8\n\tTCP_MSS = 0x200\n\tTCP_NODELAY = 0x1\n\tTCP_NOOPT = 0x8\n\tTCP_NOPUSH = 0x4\n\tTCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT = 0x201\n\tTCP_RXT_CONNDROPTIME = 0x80\n\tTCP_RXT_FINDROP = 0x100\n\tTCP_SENDMOREACKS = 0x103\n\tTCSAFLUSH = 0x2\n\tTIOCCBRK = 0x2000747a\n\tTIOCCDTR = 0x20007478\n\tTIOCCONS = 0x80047462\n\tTIOCDCDTIMESTAMP = 0x40107458\n\tTIOCDRAIN = 0x2000745e\n\tTIOCDSIMICROCODE = 0x20007455\n\tTIOCEXCL = 0x2000740d\n\tTIOCEXT = 0x80047460\n\tTIOCFLUSH = 0x80047410\n\tTIOCGDRAINWAIT = 0x40047456\n\tTIOCGETA = 0x40487413\n\tTIOCGETD = 0x4004741a\n\tTIOCGPGRP = 0x40047477\n\tTIOCGWINSZ = 0x40087468\n\tTIOCIXOFF = 0x20007480\n\tTIOCIXON = 0x20007481\n\tTIOCMBIC = 0x8004746b\n\tTIOCMBIS = 0x8004746c\n\tTIOCMGDTRWAIT = 0x4004745a\n\tTIOCMGET = 0x4004746a\n\tTIOCMODG = 0x40047403\n\tTIOCMODS = 0x80047404\n\tTIOCMSDTRWAIT = 0x8004745b\n\tTIOCMSET = 0x8004746d\n\tTIOCM_CAR = 0x40\n\tTIOCM_CD = 0x40\n\tTIOCM_CTS = 0x20\n\tTIOCM_DSR = 0x100\n\tTIOCM_DTR = 0x2\n\tTIOCM_LE = 0x1\n\tTIOCM_RI = 0x80\n\tTIOCM_RNG = 0x80\n\tTIOCM_RTS = 0x4\n\tTIOCM_SR = 0x10\n\tTIOCM_ST = 0x8\n\tTIOCNOTTY = 0x20007471\n\tTIOCNXCL = 0x2000740e\n\tTIOCOUTQ = 0x40047473\n\tTIOCPKT = 0x80047470\n\tTIOCPKT_DATA = 0x0\n\tTIOCPKT_DOSTOP = 0x20\n\tTIOCPKT_FLUSHREAD = 0x1\n\tTIOCPKT_FLUSHWRITE = 0x2\n\tTIOCPKT_IOCTL = 0x40\n\tTIOCPKT_NOSTOP = 0x10\n\tTIOCPKT_START = 0x8\n\tTIOCPKT_STOP = 0x4\n\tTIOCPTYGNAME = 0x40807453\n\tTIOCPTYGRANT = 0x20007454\n\tTIOCPTYUNLK = 0x20007452\n\tTIOCREMOTE = 0x80047469\n\tTIOCSBRK = 0x2000747b\n\tTIOCSCONS = 0x20007463\n\tTIOCSCTTY = 0x20007461\n\tTIOCSDRAINWAIT = 0x80047457\n\tTIOCSDTR = 0x20007479\n\tTIOCSETA = 0x80487414\n\tTIOCSETAF = 0x80487416\n\tTIOCSETAW = 0x80487415\n\tTIOCSETD = 0x8004741b\n\tTIOCSIG = 0x2000745f\n\tTIOCSPGRP = 0x80047476\n\tTIOCSTART = 0x2000746e\n\tTIOCSTAT = 0x20007465\n\tTIOCSTI = 0x80017472\n\tTIOCSTOP = 0x2000746f\n\tTIOCSWINSZ = 0x80087467\n\tTIOCTIMESTAMP = 0x40107459\n\tTIOCUCNTL = 0x80047466\n\tTOSTOP = 0x400000\n\tVDISCARD = 0xf\n\tVDSUSP = 0xb\n\tVEOF = 0x0\n\tVEOL = 0x1\n\tVEOL2 = 0x2\n\tVERASE = 0x3\n\tVINTR = 0x8\n\tVKILL = 0x5\n\tVLNEXT = 0xe\n\tVMIN = 0x10\n\tVM_LOADAVG = 0x2\n\tVM_MACHFACTOR = 0x4\n\tVM_MAXID = 0x6\n\tVM_METER = 0x1\n\tVM_SWAPUSAGE = 0x5\n\tVQUIT = 0x9\n\tVREPRINT = 0x6\n\tVSTART = 0xc\n\tVSTATUS = 0x12\n\tVSTOP = 0xd\n\tVSUSP = 0xa\n\tVT0 = 0x0\n\tVT1 = 0x10000\n\tVTDLY = 0x10000\n\tVTIME = 0x11\n\tVWERASE = 0x4\n\tWCONTINUED = 0x10\n\tWCOREFLAG = 0x80\n\tWEXITED = 0x4\n\tWNOHANG = 0x1\n\tWNOWAIT = 0x20\n\tWORDSIZE = 0x40\n\tWSTOPPED = 0x8\n\tWUNTRACED = 0x2\n\tXATTR_CREATE = 0x2\n\tXATTR_NODEFAULT = 0x10\n\tXATTR_NOFOLLOW = 0x1\n\tXATTR_NOSECURITY = 0x8\n\tXATTR_REPLACE = 0x4\n\tXATTR_SHOWCOMPRESSION = 0x20\n)\n\n// Errors\nconst (\n\tE2BIG = syscall.", "Errno(0x7)\n\tEACCES = syscall.", "Errno(0xd)\n\tEADDRINUSE = syscall.", "Errno(0x30)\n\tEADDRNOTAVAIL = syscall.", "Errno(0x31)\n\tEAFNOSUPPORT = syscall.", "Errno(0x2f)\n\tEAGAIN = syscall.", "Errno(0x23)\n\tEALREADY = syscall.", "Errno(0x25)\n\tEAUTH = syscall.", "Errno(0x50)\n\tEBADARCH = syscall.", "Errno(0x56)\n\tEBADEXEC = syscall.", "Errno(0x55)\n\tEBADF = syscall.", "Errno(0x9)\n\tEBADMACHO = syscall.", "Errno(0x58)\n\tEBADMSG = syscall.", "Errno(0x5e)\n\tEBADRPC = syscall.", "Errno(0x48)\n\tEBUSY = syscall.", "Errno(0x10)\n\tECANCELED = syscall.", "Errno(0x59)\n\tECHILD = syscall.", "Errno(0xa)\n\tECONNABORTED = syscall.", "Errno(0x35)\n\tECONNREFUSED = syscall.", "Errno(0x3d)\n\tECONNRESET = syscall.", "Errno(0x36)\n\tEDEADLK = syscall.", "Errno(0xb)\n\tEDESTADDRREQ = syscall.", "Errno(0x27)\n\tEDEVERR = syscall.", "Errno(0x53)\n\tEDOM = syscall.", "Errno(0x21)\n\tEDQUOT = syscall.", "Errno(0x45)\n\tEEXIST = syscall.", "Errno(0x11)\n\tEFAULT = syscall.", "Errno(0xe)\n\tEFBIG = syscall.", "Errno(0x1b)\n\tEFTYPE = syscall.", "Errno(0x4f)\n\tEHOSTDOWN = syscall.", "Errno(0x40)\n\tEHOSTUNREACH = syscall.", "Errno(0x41)\n\tEIDRM = syscall.", "Errno(0x5a)\n\tEILSEQ = syscall.", "Errno(0x5c)\n\tEINPROGRESS = syscall.", "Errno(0x24)\n\tEINTR = syscall.", "Errno(0x4)\n\tEINVAL = syscall.", "Errno(0x16)\n\tEIO = syscall.", "Errno(0x5)\n\tEISCONN = syscall.", "Errno(0x38)\n\tEISDIR = syscall.", "Errno(0x15)\n\tELAST = syscall.", "Errno(0x6a)\n\tELOOP = syscall.", "Errno(0x3e)\n\tEMFILE = syscall.", "Errno(0x18)\n\tEMLINK = syscall.", "Errno(0x1f)\n\tEMSGSIZE = syscall.", "Errno(0x28)\n\tEMULTIHOP = syscall.", "Errno(0x5f)\n\tENAMETOOLONG = syscall.", "Errno(0x3f)\n\tENEEDAUTH = syscall.", "Errno(0x51)\n\tENETDOWN = syscall.", "Errno(0x32)\n\tENETRESET = syscall.", "Errno(0x34)\n\tENETUNREACH = syscall.", "Errno(0x33)\n\tENFILE = syscall.", "Errno(0x17)\n\tENOATTR = syscall.", "Errno(0x5d)\n\tENOBUFS = syscall.", "Errno(0x37)\n\tENODATA = syscall.", "Errno(0x60)\n\tENODEV = syscall.", "Errno(0x13)\n\tENOENT = syscall.", "Errno(0x2)\n\tENOEXEC = syscall.", "Errno(0x8)\n\tENOLCK = syscall.", "Errno(0x4d)\n\tENOLINK = syscall.", "Errno(0x61)\n\tENOMEM = syscall.", "Errno(0xc)\n\tENOMSG = syscall.", "Errno(0x5b)\n\tENOPOLICY = syscall.", "Errno(0x67)\n\tENOPROTOOPT = syscall.", "Errno(0x2a)\n\tENOSPC = syscall.", "Errno(0x1c)\n\tENOSR = syscall.", "Errno(0x62)\n\tENOSTR = syscall.", "Errno(0x63)\n\tENOSYS = syscall.", "Errno(0x4e)\n\tENOTBLK = syscall.", "Errno(0xf)\n\tENOTCONN = syscall.", "Errno(0x39)\n\tENOTDIR = syscall.", "Errno(0x14)\n\tENOTEMPTY = syscall.", "Errno(0x42)\n\tENOTRECOVERABLE = syscall.", "Errno(0x68)\n\tENOTSOCK = syscall.", "Errno(0x26)\n\tENOTSUP = syscall.", "Errno(0x2d)\n\tENOTTY = syscall.", "Errno(0x19)\n\tENXIO = syscall.", "Errno(0x6)\n\tEOPNOTSUPP = syscall.", "Errno(0x66)\n\tEOVERFLOW = syscall.", "Errno(0x54)\n\tEOWNERDEAD = syscall.", "Errno(0x69)\n\tEPERM = syscall.", "Errno(0x1)\n\tEPFNOSUPPORT = syscall.", "Errno(0x2e)\n\tEPIPE = syscall.", "Errno(0x20)\n\tEPROCLIM = syscall.", "Errno(0x43)\n\tEPROCUNAVAIL = syscall.", "Errno(0x4c)\n\tEPROGMISMATCH = syscall.", "Errno(0x4b)\n\tEPROGUNAVAIL = syscall.", "Errno(0x4a)\n\tEPROTO = syscall.", "Errno(0x64)\n\tEPROTONOSUPPORT = syscall.", "Errno(0x2b)\n\tEPROTOTYPE = syscall.", "Errno(0x29)\n\tEPWROFF = syscall.", "Errno(0x52)\n\tEQFULL = syscall.", "Errno(0x6a)\n\tERANGE = syscall.", "Errno(0x22)\n\tEREMOTE = syscall.", "Errno(0x47)\n\tEROFS = syscall.", "Errno(0x1e)\n\tERPCMISMATCH = syscall.", "Errno(0x49)\n\tESHLIBVERS = syscall.", "Errno(0x57)\n\tESHUTDOWN = syscall.", "Errno(0x3a)\n\tESOCKTNOSUPPORT = syscall.", "Errno(0x2c)\n\tESPIPE = syscall.", "Errno(0x1d)\n\tESRCH = syscall.", "Errno(0x3)\n\tESTALE = syscall.", "Errno(0x46)\n\tETIME = syscall.", "Errno(0x65)\n\tETIMEDOUT = syscall.", "Errno(0x3c)\n\tETOOMANYREFS = syscall.", "Errno(0x3b)\n\tETXTBSY = syscall.", "Errno(0x1a)\n\tEUSERS = syscall.", "Errno(0x44)\n\tEWOULDBLOCK = syscall.", "Errno(0x23)\n\tEXDEV = syscall.", "Errno(0x12)\n)\n\n// Signals\nconst (\n\tSIGABRT = syscall.", "Signal(0x6)\n\tSIGALRM = syscall.", "Signal(0xe)\n\tSIGBUS = syscall.", "Signal(0xa)\n\tSIGCHLD = syscall.", "Signal(0x14)\n\tSIGCONT = syscall.", "Signal(0x13)\n\tSIGEMT = syscall.", "Signal(0x7)\n\tSIGFPE = syscall.", "Signal(0x8)\n\tSIGHUP = syscall.", "Signal(0x1)\n\tSIGILL = syscall.", "Signal(0x4)\n\tSIGINFO = syscall.", "Signal(0x1d)\n\tSIGINT = syscall.", "Signal(0x2)\n\tSIGIO = syscall.", "Signal(0x17)\n\tSIGIOT = syscall.", "Signal(0x6)\n\tSIGKILL = syscall.", "Signal(0x9)\n\tSIGPIPE = syscall.", "Signal(0xd)\n\tSIGPROF = syscall.", "Signal(0x1b)\n\tSIGQUIT = syscall.", "Signal(0x3)\n\tSIGSEGV = syscall.", "Signal(0xb)\n\tSIGSTOP = syscall.", "Signal(0x11)\n\tSIGSYS = syscall.", "Signal(0xc)\n\tSIGTERM = syscall.", "Signal(0xf)\n\tSIGTRAP = syscall.", "Signal(0x5)\n\tSIGTSTP = syscall.", "Signal(0x12)\n\tSIGTTIN = syscall.", "Signal(0x15)\n\tSIGTTOU = syscall.", "Signal(0x16)\n\tSIGURG = syscall.", "Signal(0x10)\n\tSIGUSR1 = syscall.", "Signal(0x1e)\n\tSIGUSR2 = syscall.", "Signal(0x1f)\n\tSIGVTALRM = syscall.", "Signal(0x1a)\n\tSIGWINCH = syscall.", "Signal(0x1c)\n\tSIGXCPU = syscall.", "Signal(0x18)\n\tSIGXFSZ = syscall.", "Signal(0x19)\n)\n\n// Error table\nvar errorList = [...]struct {\n\tnum syscall.", "Errno\n\tname string\n\tdesc string\n}{\n\t{1, \"EPERM\", \"operation not permitted\"},\n\t{2, \"ENOENT\", \"no such file or directory\"},\n\t{3, \"ESRCH\", \"no such process\"},\n\t{4, \"EINTR\", \"interrupted system call\"},\n\t{5, \"EIO\", \"input/output error\"},\n\t{6, \"ENXIO\", \"device not configured\"},\n\t{7, \"E2BIG\", \"argument list too long\"},\n\t{8, \"ENOEXEC\", \"exec format error\"},\n\t{9, \"EBADF\", \"bad file descriptor\"},\n\t{10, \"ECHILD\", \"no child processes\"},\n\t{11, \"EDEADLK\", \"resource deadlock avoided\"},\n\t{12, \"ENOMEM\", \"cannot allocate memory\"},\n\t{13, \"EACCES\", \"permission denied\"},\n\t{14, \"EFAULT\", \"bad address\"},\n\t{15, \"ENOTBLK\", \"block device required\"},\n\t{16, \"EBUSY\", \"resource busy\"},\n\t{17, \"EEXIST\", \"file exists\"},\n\t{18, \"EXDEV\", \"cross-device link\"},\n\t{19, \"ENODEV\", \"operation not supported by device\"},\n\t{20, \"ENOTDIR\", \"not a directory\"},\n\t{21, \"EISDIR\", \"is a directory\"},\n\t{22, \"EINVAL\", \"invalid argument\"},\n\t{23, \"ENFILE\", \"too many open files in system\"},\n\t{24, \"EMFILE\", \"too many open files\"},\n\t{25, \"ENOTTY\", \"inappropriate ioctl for device\"},\n\t{26, \"ETXTBSY\", \"text file busy\"},\n\t{27, \"EFBIG\", \"file too large\"},\n\t{28, \"ENOSPC\", \"no space left on device\"},\n\t{29, \"ESPIPE\", \"illegal seek\"},\n\t{30, \"EROFS\", \"read-only file system\"},\n\t{31, \"EMLINK\", \"too many links\"},\n\t{32, \"EPIPE\", \"broken pipe\"},\n\t{33, \"EDOM\", \"numerical argument out of domain\"},\n\t{34, \"ERANGE\", \"result too large\"},\n\t{35, \"EAGAIN\", \"resource temporarily unavailable\"},\n\t{36, \"EINPROGRESS\", \"operation now in progress\"},\n\t{37, \"EALREADY\", \"operation already in progress\"},\n\t{38, \"ENOTSOCK\", \"socket operation on non-socket\"},\n\t{39, \"EDESTADDRREQ\", \"destination address required\"},\n\t{40, \"EMSGSIZE\", \"message too long\"},\n\t{41, \"EPROTOTYPE\", \"protocol wrong type for socket\"},\n\t{42, \"ENOPROTOOPT\", \"protocol not available\"},\n\t{43, \"EPROTONOSUPPORT\", \"protocol not supported\"},\n\t{44, \"ESOCKTNOSUPPORT\", \"socket type not supported\"},\n\t{45, \"ENOTSUP\", \"operation not supported\"},\n\t{46, \"EPFNOSUPPORT\", \"protocol family not supported\"},\n\t{47, \"EAFNOSUPPORT\", \"address family not supported by protocol family\"},\n\t{48, \"EADDRINUSE\", \"address already in use\"},\n\t{49, \"EADDRNOTAVAIL\", \"can't assign requested address\"},\n\t{50, \"ENETDOWN\", \"network is down\"},\n\t{51, \"ENETUNREACH\", \"network is unreachable\"},\n\t{52, \"ENETRESET\", \"network dropped connection on reset\"},\n\t{53, \"ECONNABORTED\", \"software caused connection abort\"},\n\t{54, \"ECONNRESET\", \"connection reset by peer\"},\n\t{55, \"ENOBUFS\", \"no buffer space available\"},\n\t{56, \"EISCONN\", \"socket is already connected\"},\n\t{57, \"ENOTCONN\", \"socket is not connected\"},\n\t{58, \"ESHUTDOWN\", \"can't send after socket shutdown\"},\n\t{59, \"ETOOMANYREFS\", \"too many references: can't splice\"},\n\t{60, \"ETIMEDOUT\", \"operation timed out\"},\n\t{61, \"ECONNREFUSED\", \"connection refused\"},\n\t{62, \"ELOOP\", \"too many levels of symbolic links\"},\n\t{63, \"ENAMETOOLONG\", \"file name too long\"},\n\t{64, \"EHOSTDOWN\", \"host is down\"},\n\t{65, \"EHOSTUNREACH\", \"no route to host\"},\n\t{66, \"ENOTEMPTY\", \"directory not empty\"},\n\t{67, \"EPROCLIM\", \"too many processes\"},\n\t{68, \"EUSERS\", \"too many users\"},\n\t{69, \"EDQUOT\", \"disc quota exceeded\"},\n\t{70, \"ESTALE\", \"stale NFS file handle\"},\n\t{71, \"EREMOTE\", \"too many levels of remote in path\"},\n\t{72, \"EBADRPC\", \"RPC struct is bad\"},\n\t{73, \"ERPCMISMATCH\", \"RPC version wrong\"},\n\t{74, \"EPROGUNAVAIL\", \"RPC prog. ", "not avail\"},\n\t{75, \"EPROGMISMATCH\", \"program version wrong\"},\n\t{76, \"EPROCUNAVAIL\", \"bad procedure for program\"},\n\t{77, \"ENOLCK\", \"no locks available\"},\n\t{78, \"ENOSYS\", \"function not implemented\"},\n\t{79, \"EFTYPE\", \"inappropriate file type or format\"},\n\t{80, \"EAUTH\", \"authentication error\"},\n\t{81, \"ENEEDAUTH\", \"need authenticator\"},\n\t{82, \"EPWROFF\", \"device power is off\"},\n\t{83, \"EDEVERR\", \"device error\"},\n\t{84, \"EOVERFLOW\", \"value too large to be stored in data type\"},\n\t{85, \"EBADEXEC\", \"bad executable (or shared library)\"},\n\t{86, \"EBADARCH\", \"bad CPU type in executable\"},\n\t{87, \"ESHLIBVERS\", \"shared library version mismatch\"},\n\t{88, \"EBADMACHO\", \"malformed Mach-o file\"},\n\t{89, \"ECANCELED\", \"operation canceled\"},\n\t{90, \"EIDRM\", \"identifier removed\"},\n\t{91, \"ENOMSG\", \"no message of desired type\"},\n\t{92, \"EILSEQ\", \"illegal byte sequence\"},\n\t{93, \"ENOATTR\", \"attribute not found\"},\n\t{94, \"EBADMSG\", \"bad message\"},\n\t{95, \"EMULTIHOP\", \"EMULTIHOP (Reserved)\"},\n\t{96, \"ENODATA\", \"no message available on STREAM\"},\n\t{97, \"ENOLINK\", \"ENOLINK (Reserved)\"},\n\t{98, \"ENOSR\", \"no STREAM resources\"},\n\t{99, \"ENOSTR\", \"not a STREAM\"},\n\t{100, \"EPROTO\", \"protocol error\"},\n\t{101, \"ETIME\", \"STREAM ioctl timeout\"},\n\t{102, \"EOPNOTSUPP\", \"operation not supported on socket\"},\n\t{103, \"ENOPOLICY\", \"policy not found\"},\n\t{104, \"ENOTRECOVERABLE\", \"state not recoverable\"},\n\t{105, \"EOWNERDEAD\", \"previous owner died\"},\n\t{106, \"EQFULL\", \"interface output queue is full\"},\n}\n\n// Signal table\nvar signalList = [...]struct {\n\tnum syscall.", "Signal\n\tname string\n\tdesc string\n}{\n\t{1, \"SIGHUP\", \"hangup\"},\n\t{2, \"SIGINT\", \"interrupt\"},\n\t{3, \"SIGQUIT\", \"quit\"},\n\t{4, \"SIGILL\", \"illegal instruction\"},\n\t{5, \"SIGTRAP\", \"trace/BPT trap\"},\n\t{6, \"SIGABRT\", \"abort trap\"},\n\t{7, \"SIGEMT\", \"EMT trap\"},\n\t{8, \"SIGFPE\", \"floating point exception\"},\n\t{9, \"SIGKILL\", \"killed\"},\n\t{10, \"SIGBUS\", \"bus error\"},\n\t{11, \"SIGSEGV\", \"segmentation fault\"},\n\t{12, \"SIGSYS\", \"bad system call\"},\n\t{13, \"SIGPIPE\", \"broken pipe\"},\n\t{14, \"SIGALRM\", \"alarm clock\"},\n\t{15, \"SIGTERM\", \"terminated\"},\n\t{16, \"SIGURG\", \"urgent I/O condition\"},\n\t{17, \"SIGSTOP\", \"suspended (signal)\"},\n\t{18, \"SIGTSTP\", \"suspended\"},\n\t{19, \"SIGCONT\", \"continued\"},\n\t{20, \"SIGCHLD\", \"child exited\"},\n\t{21, \"SIGTTIN\", \"stopped (tty input)\"},\n\t{22, \"SIGTTOU\", \"stopped (tty output)\"},\n\t{23, \"SIGIO\", \"I/O possible\"},\n\t{24, \"SIGXCPU\", \"cputime limit exceeded\"},\n\t{25, \"SIGXFSZ\", \"filesize limit exceeded\"},\n\t{26, \"SIGVTALRM\", \"virtual timer expired\"},\n\t{27, \"SIGPROF\", \"profiling timer expired\"},\n\t{28, \"SIGWINCH\", \"window size changes\"},\n\t{29, \"SIGINFO\", \"information request\"},\n\t{30, \"SIGUSR1\", \"user defined signal 1\"},\n\t{31, \"SIGUSR2\", \"user defined signal 2\"},\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ " 14*v - 15*v + 8 = 0. ", "Let s be ((-10)/8)/(-5)*v/1. ", "Factor 1/6*m**s + 0*m - 2/3.", "\n(m - 2)*(m + 2)/6\nLet w(p) be the third derivative of 0*p + 0*p**4 + 0*p**3 - 1/150*p**5 + 14*p**2 - 1/525*p**7 + 1/150*p**6 + 0. ", "Let w(y) = 0. ", "What is y?", "\n0, 1\nLet f(d) = -5*d + 6*d - 2*d + 10 - 1. ", "Let i be f(6). ", "Determine o, given that 3*o + i*o - 5*o - 4*o**4 - 3*o**2 + o**2 - 7*o**3 = 0.", "\n-1, 0, 1/4\nLet -1/2*i**4 + 0*i**3 + 0*i - 9/2 + 5*i**2 = 0. ", "Calculate i.\n-3, -1, 1, 3\nLet g(o) = -o. ", "Let y(a) = 5*a**2 + 205*a + 1620. ", "Let s(f) = -25*g(f) - y(f). ", "Factor s(x).", "\n-5*(x + 18)**2\nLet m(r) be the second derivative of -r**5/130 + r**4/13 + 5*r**3/13 + 8*r**2/13 + r - 2. ", "Factor m(v).", "\n-2*(v - 8)*(v + 1)**2/13\nDetermine s so that s - 5*s - 4 - 6*s + 2*s + s**2 + 5*s = 0.", "\n-1, 4\nLet i(n) be the first derivative of -5/14*n**4 + 29 - 12/7*n - 16/21*n**3 + 19/7*n**2. ", "Factor i(r).", "\n-2*(r - 1)*(r + 3)*(5*r - 2)/7\nLet d(y) be the second derivative of 0*y**2 + 0*y**4 + 2/5*y**6 - 2/5*y**5 - 2/21*y**7 - 29*y + 0*y**3 + 0. ", "Find b, given that d(b) = 0.", "\n0, 1, 2\nLet q(r) = r**2 + 5*r + 4. ", "Let c be q(-5). ", "Factor -96*a + 4*a**c - 12*a**3 + 64 - 14*a**2 + 18*a**2 + 18*a**3 + 18*a**3.", "\n4*(a - 1)**2*(a + 4)**2\nSuppose 2*d = d + 3, -4*d = g - 73. ", "Factor m**3 - 61*m**2 + g*m**2 - 3*m**3.", "\n-2*m**3\nLet u be 146/456*(-2 + -5 + 9). ", "Let w = -9/19 + u. Suppose -1/6*t**4 + w*t**2 - 1/6*t**5 + 0 + 0*t + 1/6*t**3 = 0. ", "Calculate t.\n-1, 0, 1\nLet m be (-6)/(-39) + (0 - 17/(-10)). ", "Let c = -17/10 + m. Let -4/13*v + 6/13 - c*v**2 = 0. ", "Calculate v.\n-3, 1\nLet n(g) be the first derivative of 2*g**6/3 - 12*g**5/5 - 6*g**4 + 32*g**3/3 - 300. ", "Factor n(s).", "\n4*s**2*(s - 4)*(s - 1)*(s + 2)\nSuppose 26*c - 39 - 39 = 0. ", "Let m(h) be the second derivative of -1/35*h**5 + 2/21*h**c - 2/21*h**4 + 4/7*h**2 + 5*h + 0. ", "Factor m(b).", "\n-4*(b - 1)*(b + 1)*(b + 2)/7\nLet v(s) = -s**3 + 71*s**2 - 73*s + 212. ", "Let g be v(70). ", "Factor -5*h + 5/2 + 5/2*h**g.", "\n5*(h - 1)**2/2\nLet g(b) = -b**2 + 10*b - 42. ", "Let n be g(6). ", "Let a be 21/10 - n/(-30). ", "Factor a*d**3 - 9/2*d - 3*d**2 + 0.", "\n3*d*(d - 3)*(d + 1)/2\nLet n be ((-15)/420)/((3/1)/(-24)). ", "Factor 2/7*v**3 + 0 + 2/7*v**2 - n*v**4 - 2/7*v**5 + 0*v.", "\n-2*v**2*(v - 1)*(v + 1)**2/7\nLet g(o) be the first derivative of 2*o**6/3 + 3*o**5/5 - 7*o**4/2 - o**3 + 5*o**2 - 531. ", "Determine j, given that g(j) = 0.", "\n-2, -1, 0, 1, 5/4\nFactor 0*q**3 + 0 + 4/3*q + 2*q**2 - 2/3*q**4.", "\n-2*q*(q - 2)*(q + 1)**2/3\nSuppose -13 = -2*n + 5*m, -4*n = -2*m + 1 - 19. ", "Suppose -26/15*w - 58/15*w**3 - 4/3*w**4 - n*w**2 - 4/15 = 0. ", "Calculate w.\n-1, -1/2, -2/5\nFactor -5/4 + 1/8*r**5 - 5/4*r**4 + 37/8*r + 17/4*r**3 - 13/2*r**2.", "\n(r - 5)*(r - 2)*(r - 1)**3/8\nLet d(c) = -7*c**2 - c + 1. ", "Let r(f) = -76*f**2 + 46*f + 11. ", "Let a(m) = -44*d(m) + 4*r(m). ", "Determine b so that a(b) = 0.", "\n-57, 0\nLet l(b) be the first derivative of -b**7/840 + b**6/120 - b**5/40 + b**4/24 - 10*b**3/3 - 14. ", "Let k(f) be the third derivative of l(f). ", "Factor k(i).", "\n-(i - 1)**3\nSuppose 0 = -2*t + 2*s - 6, 0*t + 4*s - 12 = -3*t. ", "Find v such that -7*v**2 + 5*v**2 - v + 3*v + t*v**2 = 0.", "\n0, 1\nSolve -70*b**2 - 2 + 71*b**2 + 16 + 9*b = 0 for b.\n-7, -2\nLet g(b) = -27*b + 4. ", "Let r be g(0). ", "Solve 22/21*a - 2*a**2 - 10/21*a**r + 34/21*a**3 - 4/21 = 0 for a.\n2/5, 1\nLet n(m) = m**2 + 13*m + 30. ", "Let q be n(-10). ", "Suppose -6*v + 4 = -14. ", "Find x such that -1/2*x + x**2 + 1/2*x**5 + q + 0*x**v - x**4 = 0.", "\n-1, 0, 1\nLet j(v) be the third derivative of -v**7/1050 + v**6/75 - 3*v**5/50 + 2*v**4/15 - v**3/6 + 10*v**2 - 2. ", "Factor j(n).", "\n-(n - 5)*(n - 1)**3/5\nSuppose 0 = 5*j - 7 - 8. ", "Let w(a) = a**3 - 2*a**2 - a - 3. ", "Let x be w(j). ", "Factor -7*s**x + 5*s**3 + 3*s**5 - s**5.", "\n2*s**3*(s - 1)*(s + 1)\nFactor -740*h + 23*h**3 - 25*h**3 - 2*h**3 + 368 + 88*h**2 + 288*h**2.", "\n-4*(h - 92)*(h - 1)**2\nDetermine v so that -1688 + 5*v**5 + 248 - 7*v**4 + 49*v**4 - 370*v**2 + 705*v**3 + 34*v**4 + 44*v**4 - 2400*v = 0.", "\n-12, -1, 2\nLet y(f) be the first derivative of 2*f**3 + 12*f**2 + 0*f - 3/4*f**4 + 26. ", "Solve y(b) = 0.", "\n-2, 0, 4\nLet p(y) be the third derivative of 16/15*y**4 + 8/15*y**3 - 41*y**2 + 0 - 27/50*y**6 + 0*y + 3/5*y**5. ", "Determine s, given that p(s) = 0.", "\n-2/9, 1\nSuppose 27/4*j + 1/4*j**2 + 25/2 = 0. ", "What is j?", "\n-25, -2\nLet i be (27/(-72))/(12/14). ", "Let v = i - -67/80. ", "Suppose 0 + v*y**4 - 4/5*y**3 + 2/5*y**2 + 0*y = 0. ", "What is y?", "\n0, 1\nSuppose -y + 12 = 102. ", "Let u = -87 - y. Find m such that 0 + 0*m**2 + 2/7*m**u - 2/7*m = 0.", "\n-1, 0, 1\nLet j(m) be the first derivative of 5*m**4/4 + 25*m**3/3 - 5*m**2/2 - 25*m - 56. ", "Factor j(q).", "\n5*(q - 1)*(q + 1)*(q + 5)\nSuppose -144*f = -136*f. ", "Factor -1/3*y**4 + 2/3*y**2 + f*y + 0 + 1/3*y**3.", "\n-y**2*(y - 2)*(y + 1)/3\nLet w = 27825 + -27823. ", "Find q such that 3/5*q + 0 - 1/5*q**w = 0.", "\n0, 3\nLet v(t) = 9*t**3 + 33*t**2 + 45*t + 15. ", "Let u(i) = i**3 + i**2 - 1. ", "Let d(p) = 6*u(p) - v(p). ", "Let d(s) = 0. ", "Calculate s.\n-7, -1\nLet s be 52/117 + 58/72. ", "Let c(n) be the first derivative of 3/8*n**4 + s*n**2 + 1/2*n + 3 + 7/6*n**3. ", "Factor c(f).", "\n(f + 1)**2*(3*f + 1)/2\nSuppose 0 = -3*z - 4*h + 2 - 8, 0 = -4*z - 5*h - 7. ", "Suppose 5*y**3 + 3*y + 21*y**2 - 15*y**2 - z*y**3 = 0. ", "What is y?", "\n-1, 0\nSuppose 4*k - 26 = -o, 2*o - 8 = -2*k + 4*o. ", "Suppose -3*i + k = -3. ", "Find w such that -24/5*w - 2/5*w**i - 16/5 - 12/5*w**2 = 0.", "\n-2\nLet t(y) be the second derivative of -y**8/168 - y**7/105 + y**6/60 + y**5/30 - 3*y**2/2 - 4*y. ", "Let a(k) be the first derivative of t(k). ", "Factor a(n).", "\n-2*n**2*(n - 1)*(n + 1)**2\nWhat is l in -5/4*l**3 - 35/4*l**2 - 55/4*l - 25/4 = 0?", "\n-5, -1\nSuppose 5*r = 3*x + 32, 7*r - 36 = 3*r + 5*x. ", "Let n be (-3 - -2)/((-2)/12). ", "What is o in -o**4 + 0*o - r*o - 13 - n*o**2 + 12 - 4*o**3 = 0?", "\n-1\nLet g(a) be the second derivative of -a**4/3 - 22*a**3/9 + 8*a**2/3 - 43*a - 10. ", "Factor g(d).", "\n-4*(d + 4)*(3*d - 1)/3\nLet u(a) be the second derivative of a**4/48 + a**3/24 - 3*a + 19. ", "Find c such that u(c) = 0.", "\n-1, 0\nDetermine t, given that 30 + 5*t + 91*t**2 - 31*t**2 - 65*t**2 = 0.", "\n-2, 3\nLet o(j) = -j**3 + 0*j**2 + 23*j**2 + 11*j - 8 - 14*j**2. ", "Let l be o(10). ", "Suppose 3/2*n**4 + 9/2*n - 9/2*n**3 - 3 + 3/2*n**l = 0. ", "Calculate n.\n-1, 1, 2\nLet y(p) be the third derivative of -1/24*p**4 + 0*p**3 - 1/15*p**5 + 1/20*p**6 + 2/105*p**7 - 5/336*p**8 + 8*p**2 + 0 + 0*p. ", "Find q, given that y(q) = 0.", "\n-1, -1/5, 0, 1\nLet t(i) be the first derivative of -6/7*i**2 + 22 + 12/7*i**3 + 0*i - 1/14*i**6 - 39/28*i**4 + 18/35*i**5. ", "Factor t(r).", "\n-3*r*(r - 2)**2*(r - 1)**2/7\nLet h(u) = 10*u**2 + 334*u - 76. ", "Let l(f) = 2*f**2 + f. Let w(a) = -h(a) - 4*l(a). ", "Factor w(q).", "\n-2*(q + 19)*(9*q - 2)\nFactor -100 - 1 - 33 + 43 + i**2 + 90*i.", "\n(i - 1)*(i + 91)\nSuppose -n - 6 = -f, 3*f - 15 = -4*n - 18. ", "Factor -2*x**f - 8/3*x**2 + 4/3 + 2/3*x.", "\n-2*(x + 1)**2*(3*x - 2)/3\nSuppose t = s + 17 - 94, -5*t - 399 = 2*s. ", "Let j = -79 - t. Factor 0 + j*w + 4/5*w**2 + 0*w**3 - 4/5*w**4.", "\n-4*w**2*(w - 1)*(w + 1)/5\nSuppose 3*b + 59 + 1 = 2*s, -3*b = -3*s + 60. ", "Let t = -10 - b. What is i in -2 + 2*i**2 - t*i + 10*i = 0?", "\n-1, 1\nLet d(f) = -f**2 + f - 1. ", "Let p(t) = -20*t**2 + 95*t + 220. ", "Suppose 0 = -i - 38 + 13. ", "Let q(k) = i*d(k) + p(k). ", "Suppose q(b) = 0. ", "What is b?", "\n-7\nLet i(p) be the second derivative of -p**4/6 - 14*p**3/3 - 49*p**2 + p - 6. ", "Factor i(b).", "\n-2*(b + 7)**2\nLet d(p) be the first derivative of p**7/1260 + p**6/180 + p**5/90 + 34*p**3/3 + 52. ", "Let x(f) be the third derivative of d(f). ", "Suppose x(w) = 0. ", "What is w?", "\n-2, -1, 0\nLet k(x) be the first derivative of x**5/240 - 7*x**4/96 + 4*x**2 - 14. ", "Let y(p) be the second derivative of k(p). ", "Factor y(b).", "\nb*(b - 7)/4\nLet j(g) be the first derivative of g**5/105 + g**4/21 + 21*g**2/2 + 17. ", "Let r(c) be the second derivative of j(c). ", "Solve r(f) = 0 for f.\n-2, 0\nLet d(n) be the third derivative of 0*n**3 + 0 + 3*n**2 - 1/350*n**7 + 0*n**4 + 1/100*n**5 + 0*n**6 + 0*n. ", "Factor d(a).", "\n-3*a**2*(a - 1)*(a + 1)/5\nSolve 2/3*u**2 + 2/9*u**3 - 2/9*u - 2/3 = 0.", "\n-3, -1, 1\nSuppose 5*c = 5*s - 20, 2*s - 5*c = -4*c + 6. ", "Let d be (-6)/(-4)*s - 6/(-3). ", "Factor 0 + 1/5*q**2 + 0*q - 1/5*q**4 - 1/5*q**3 + 1/5*q**d.", "\nq**2*(q - 1)**2*(q + 1)/5\nLet h(d) be the second derivative of -4*d**7/7 + 59*d**6/30 + 13*d**5/4 - 65*d**4/12 - 41*d**3/6 + 3*d**2 - 168*d + 1. ", "Solve h(x) = 0.", "\n-1, -2/3, 1/8, 1, 3\nLet r(v) = -13*v**2 - 13*v - 7. ", "Let o(p) = -p**2 - p + 2. ", "Let f(l) = 2*l**2 + 2*l - 1. ", "Let x(q) = -5*f(q) - 4*o(q). ", "Let m(h) = 3*r(h) - 7" ]

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[ "The multibillion-baht revamp and tech-upgrade of the Hilton Hua Hin's 296 guest rooms will be completed by 2018 and comes as the industry gets more competitive and exciting, says general manager Denis Richter.", "\n\nThe refurbishment, which involves redecorating the beachfront hotel's 296 rooms, is part of multibillion-baht rolling renovation programme, which includes technology upgrade, that is due to finish in 2018, said general manager Denis Richter.", "\n\nThe hotel is owned by SET-listed Saha Union Plc.", "\n\n\"The big hotel renovation scheme is to serve changing tourist demand as the Hua Hin hotel industry gets both more competitive and exciting, with new hotels and condominiums popping up,\" Mr Richter said.", "\n\nFollowing the tech-upgrade, guests will be able to check-in, select a room and check-out online, all via the hotel's mobile app or website. ", "There is also the possibility that guests will be able to use their smartphones as room keys.", "\n\nThe US hotel chain has been on the cutting edge of hotel modernisation, with digital check-in and other technology upgrades set to be available next year at most of its hotels worldwide.", "\n\nHua Hin has long been an established resort destination for both local and foreign tourists." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMax efficiency iron farm in 96x96\n\nI'm playing Minecraft on a skyblock survival server. ", "I'm looking for the best design for iron golem farming available in a 96x96 plot (cannot build outside of the dimensions). ", "I've done some reading online and have done some thinking about the requirements.", "\n\nThere must be a minimum of 64 blocks between villages, so including holding cells and whatnot, can I build an iron farm in the corners of my sky block?", "\nCan the corner based farms be stacked vertically? ", "If so, assuming the build limit from about y=4 being the bottom I'm willing to go, can they be stacked 3 high?", "\n\nA:\n\nYes to both of your questions.", "\nYou can create separate villages as long as there are 64 blocks apart in any dimension (horizontally or vertically). ", "\nCheck out this video that showcases 4 villages in the corners of a vertical square. ", "You should be able to fit 12 villages like this in your plot (in the 4 corners of the plot and 3 levels upwards).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "‘Grano Yellow’ is a product of a breeding and selection program for outdoor pot mums (garden mums) which had the objective of creating new chrysanthemum cultivars with a decorative type inflorescence, a natural season flowering date around September 15 and a blooming period of 7 weeks. ", "The new plant of the present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of chrysanthemum plant.", "\n‘Grano Yellow’ is a seedling resulting from the open pollination among groups of un-named and unpatented chrysanthemum cultivars maintained under the control of the inventor for breeding purposes. ", "The new and distinct cultivar was discovered and selected as one flowering plant by Robert Noodelijk on a cultivated field in Woubrugge, The Netherlands in September 2005. ", "The plant has been asexually reproduced by cuttings in greenhouses at Woubrugge, The Netherlands over a 2 year period. ", "The new cultivar has been found to retain its distinctive characteristics through successive asexual propagations." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to Copy/Paste From Mathematica into Excel\n\nIs there a simple way to copy/paste a table of data from Mathematica into Excel? ", "I know I can Export the data, but copy/paste would be so much more convenient for a variety of reasons.", "\nI've tried copy/paste from InputForm, from TableForm, using Print to format the output ... but nothing works.", "\n\nA:\n\nI usually do something like:\nExportString[myTable,\"TSV\"]//CopyToClipboard\n\nwith the table in the variable myTable.", "\n\nA:\n\nsurprisingly simple.. use TableForm or MatrixForm\n {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} // TableForm\n\nThen select the data, right-click, \"copy as\" \"plain text\" and paste into an excel cell.", "\nIf you have a MatrixForm be sure to select only the data, not the brackets.", "\n\nA:\n\nNothing beats ExcelLink for interacting with Excel. ", "I even figured out how to load Excel files that exceeded the Java Virtual Heap size limit using ExcelLink (Importing a large Excel file). ", "That problem may have gone away in 11.3, but it shows kind of things you can do with it. ", " Of course, you do have to buy ExcelLink, but I couldn't live without it.", "\nI have to admit that Sjoerd's trick is neat.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The Tower of Babel is another biblical story that will be familiar to anyone with a typical Western religious upbringing. ", "Like many of the narrative snippets found in the first eleven chapters of Genesis (the Primeval History), its brevity and ambiguous wording have led interpreters to fill in the gaps in all sorts of ways in order to squeeze meaning out of it.", "\n\nAs we read the text, there are a number of interesting questions we can ask. ", "Was the Tower of Babel based on a real building? ", "What message is the text trying to convey, both on its own and in context?", "\n\nI’m also interested in the story’s application to the modern creationist movement. ", "How much attention does the Tower of Babel get in the science-religion debate compared to the Genesis stories of creation and Noah’s flood?", "\n\nA note on pronunciation and etymology\n\nBefore we get going, let me just note that the proper pronunciation of “Babel” in English is BAY-bull. ", "It rhymes with stable and fable. ", "It is not pronounced like the English word “babble”, although that is apparently becoming more common in the US. (", "Due to religious illiteracy, perhaps?)", "\n\nAnd in case you were wondering (as I was), the English word “babble” is not derived from Babel. ", "Its roots can be traced through Old English bæblian and the Germanic languages all the way back to Proto-Indo-European. ", "Their similarity is a happy coincidence.", "\n\nThe text of Genesis 11:1–9\n\nLet’s start with the barebones text of the story. ", "The following is taken from the wonderful translation by the recently departed Edwin M. Good in Genesis 1–11: Tales of the Earliest World. ", "Good has endeavoured to capture the meaning of the Hebrew without any theological preconceptions or reliance on previous English translations.", "\n\nThe whole Earth had one language and few words. ", "And it happened, as they were wandering in the east, and they found a valley in the land of Shin‘ar, and they settled there. ", "And they said to one another, “Come on, let’s make bricks and burn them hard.” ", "And they had bricks for stone and pitch served them as mortar. ", "And they said, “Come on, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in Sky, and let’s make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered all over Earth.” ", "And Yahweh came down to see the city and the tower which the humans had built. ", "And Yahweh said, “Look, it’s one people and they all have one language, and this is only the beginning of what they will do. ", "And now nothing they intend to do will be impossible for them. ", "Come on, let’s go down and ‘confuse’ their language there, so that no one will be able to understand what another says.” ", "And Yahweh scattered them from there all across Earth, and they stopped building the city. ", "Therefore its name is called Babel, because there Yahweh ‘confused’ the language of the whole Earth. ", "And Yahweh scattered them from there all across Earth.", "\n\nThe story stands very well on its own without dependence on the narrative that comes before or after. ", "The feel that one is reading a work of pure mythology is quite strong. ", "It is a story of the First People and the First City, not set in any specific historical period and not based on any historical reality. ", "It exists in its own mythic world like the story of Cain, who is supposedly one of only three people alive yet finds a wife and founds a city.", "\n\nWho is it about?", "\n\nThe whole Earth had one language and few words.", "\n\nThe story starts by telling us the whole world had one language, and that “they were wandering in the east” (or “from the east”—the grammar is unclear). ", "Who are they? ", "All the people of the world, it would seem. ", "This is fine until we put the story in its larger context. ", "Just prior to the Babel story is the Table of Nations in chapter 10, which describes how the descendants of Noah branched out to become the seventy nations of the world, all with their own languages! ", "And then chapter 11 suddenly resets everything and we’re dealing with the ancestral tribe of all humankind, who settle in the land of Shinar (Babylon). ", "These stories are quite unreconcilable, and it is striking that the compiler of Genesis had no qualms about putting them side-by-side. ", "They are not connected by narrative or chronology, but by topic.", "\n\nWhat many people also fail to notice, it seems to me, is that this story establishes Babylon as the cradle of all humanity, including the Israelites. ", "I’ll come back to this idea later.", "\n\nWho doesn’t appear in this story? ", "Nimrod, the mighty hero who founds Babel and several other cities in Genesis 10, is not mentioned here — nor any king, for that matter. ", "Later Jewish and Christian interpreters (beginning with Philo and Josephus) made Nimrod out to be the main villain of the Tower of Babel story, but that’s not in the text.", "\n\nWhat is their plan?", "\n\n“Come on, let’s make bricks and burn them hard.”", "\n\nFirst, the people decide to make some bricks. ", "Once they have the bricks, they decide to build a city and a tower. ", "This is a rather odd order to do things in! ", "You would expect them to plan the city first, and then to make the bricks. ", "One literary parallel that might explain it is the Babylonian creation epic Enuma Elish, which describes the building of the ziggurat Apsu by the gods in that order.", "\n\nTheir purpose for building the city and the tower is twofold: to become famous, and to avoid being scattered. ", "It’s not clear what fame would entail in a world where no one else exists. ", "The conjunction lest is also a puzzle. ", "How does becoming famous prevent the people from scattering? ", "That aside, we must note that the people haven’t done anything wrong, despite the way the story is often interpreted. ", "There is nothing intrinsically evil about fame or wanting to live in a city – indeed, fame is a positive reward promised by Yahweh to others in the Bible, notably Abraham in a passage not much further along.", "\n\nThe common idea that they are trying to supplant or attack God (which goes at least as far back as Philo) by building a tower all the way to heaven is unwarranted. ", "It is true that the ancients thought of heaven as a physical vault that could be reached if one climbed high enough, but the expression used here (“a tower with its top in the sky”) is apparently a stock phrase that just means “very tall”, and is used that way elsewhere in the Bible (e.g. Deut. ", "1:28). (", "See Hiebert, “The Tower of Babel”, JBL 126.1, Spring 2007, pp. ", "37–38.)", "\n\nThose who wish to see a nefarious scheme behind the building of the city and its tower must work hard to import new meaning that isn’t obvious from the text itself.", "\n\nWhat is Yahweh’s involvement?", "\n\nAnd Yahweh came down to see the city and the tower which the humans had built.", "\n\nYahweh is depicted in the same charming, “primitive” way he is in the Eden story, as he descends from the sky to see what the earthlings are getting up to. ", "This is not the omniscient god of later Christian theologians and philosophers, for as Philip Sherman (Babel’s Tower Translated, p. 35) puts it:\n\nYahweh, not unlike many deities in the ancient Near East, appears as a curious god who must be on-scene if he wishes to be informed about human activities. ", "A similar situation occurs in the narrative of the Garden of Eden when Yahweh seems unclear as to the whereabouts of Adam and Eve (Gen 3:9) or in the account of Cain and Able [sic] as Yahweh enquires of Cain as to his brother’s location (Gen 4:9). ", "It is possible to see here an image of a deity who is not in complete control of the human situation.", "\n\nYahweh also uses the first-person plural pronoun and discusses his observations with others (fellow gods, one could assume) as in the Eden story.", "\n\nYahweh doesn’t like what he sees, but it’s not the people’s hubris that vexes him (as some think), nor is he personally threatened by the city and its tower. ", "His reason is more interesting than that: the people are too competent. ", "Humanity has one language, and this city is just the beginning of the things they will accomplish.", "\n\nIt is strikingly similar to the Eden story, in which Adam’s acquisition of knowledge prompts Yahweh to complain that “he has become like one of us, knowing good and evil” (Gen 3:22), and must be banished from the garden lest he become immortal as well.", "\n\nConfusion and dispersal\n\n“Come on, let’s go down and ‘confuse’ their language…”\n\nYahweh’s solution to humankind’s city-building endeavours is also somewhat odd. ", "Speaking to his divine companions, he proposes that they confuse the language of the people so they cannot understand each other. ", "But what Yahweh actually does upon descending is to scatter the people all across the earth by some means. ", "Are the language confusion and dispersal two separate actions? ", "Does Yahweh think that linguistic confusion alone would be unreliable? ", "At any rate, the plan works, and the story becomes an aetiology for how different nations and languages came about.", "\n\nWe also have some wordplay here. ", "The name of the city is given as Babel, because there Yahweh “confused” (Hebrew balel) the language of all the earth. ", "Clever folk etymologies are common throughout the Old Testament and obviously not literally true. ", "Babel (the Hebrew name for Babylon) comes from Akkadian Babilu, meaning “gate of the god” — a reference to the chief Babylonian deity Marduk (Bel).", "\n\nHistorical allusions in the story\n\nThere is widespread agreement among Old Testament scholars that the tower in the story is a reference to the great Babylonian ziggurat Etemenanki, which was devoted to Marduk and whose name means “House of the Foundation Platform of Heaven and Earth”. ", "This was long suspected on the basis of a description given by the Greek historian Herodotus, who described an enormous tower-temple in Babylon in the 5th century BCE:\n\nIn the middle of the [sacred precinct of Jupiter Belus] there was a tower of solid masonry, a furlong in length and breadth, upon which was raised a second tower, and on that a third, and so on up to eight. ", "The ascent to the top is on the outside, by a path which winds round all the towers. ", "When one is about half-way up, one finds a resting-place and seats, where persons can sit for some time on their way to the summit. ", "On the topmost tower there is a spacious temple, and inside the temple stands a couch of unusual size, richly adorned, with a golden table by its side. ", "There is no statue of any kind set up in the place, nor is the chamber occupied of nights by any one but a single native woman, who, as the Chaldeans, the priests of this god, affirm, is chosen for himself by the deity out of all the women of the land. (", "Histories 1.181)\n\nThe existence of the tower and its similarities to the biblical story were confirmed by later archaeological finds. ", "No one knows exactly when it was first built, but the earliest reference to it comes from the Erra Epic, dated to 765 BCE. ", "Nabopolassar (658–605 BCE) started restoration work on the tower after founding the Neo-Babylonian empire, and Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562) undertook a major construction project to make Etemenanki the most magnificent structure in the empire.", "\n\nIt’s not known for certain what happened to Etemenanki. ", "Current scholarship suggests that the Persian king Xerxes I (485–465) had the staircase destroyed due to uprisings by Babylonian usurpers. (", "Without the staircase, the tower could not serve as a defensive fortress.) ", "It gradually fell into ruin until the site was cleared by Alexander the Great, who intended to rebuild it.", "\n\nBabylonian inscriptions\n\nSeveral cylinder inscriptions by Nebuchadnezzar II that were originally embedded in the tower’s foundation have been recovered by archaeologists. ", "These describe the marshalling of multiethnic armies of corvée labour, the baking and glazing of bricks, and the import of bitumen (pitch). ", "It is interesting that they focus on some of the same physical details the biblical story does.", "\n\nAlso of interest is the so-called “Tower of Babel Stele”, which includes a diagram of the tower and text that reads:\n\nNebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon am I. In order to complete E-temen-anki and E-ur-me-imin-anki, I mobilized all countries everywhere, each and every ruler who had been raised to prominence over all the people of the world…The base I filled in to make a high terrace. ", "I built their structures with bitumen and baked brick throughout. ", "I completed it, raising its top to the Heaven, making it gleam bright as the sun.", "\n\nAgain, the use of baked bricks and bitumen and the hyperbole about its top reaching heaven are details repeated in Genesis 11. ", "Many scholars thus date some version of the biblical tale to the 6th or 5th century BCE, when many Jews lived in Babylon and may have even been employed in building the tower.", "\n\nTo give an example of how large the structure was, I whipped up the following diagram:\n\nLiterary connections\n\nIt is frequently stated that the Tower of Babel story lacks clear connections to other ancient texts, unlike the Creation and Flood stories. ", "However, Russell Gmirkin has written a remarkable book on the affinities between Genesis and the early-3rd-century BCE writings of Berossus, a Babylonian priest of Marduk who compiled a history of Babylon in Greek (the Babyloniaca), and whose work would have been available to Jewish scribes in Alexandria around the time Gmirkin proposes that Genesis was written. ", "On the topic of the Babel story, Gmirkin notes that, not only does Berossus extensively describe Babylon itself and the temple of Bel-Marduk, his account has important elements in common with Genesis 11:\n\n…The Berossan account of the city of Babylon is unique among Classical Era authors in one important respect, namely, the great antiquity of the city. …", "the city of Babylon was said to have only been founded under Semiramis according to all sources other than Berossus. ", "Berossus claimed that Bel-Marduk constructed the city of Babylon (and the temple of Bel) at the time of earth’s creation, following Enuma Elish. …", "Berossus recorded that the first king of the pre-flood world ruled out of Babylon. ", "After the flood destroyed Mesopotamia, the deluge survivors were instructed first of all to resettle Babylon and afterwards to restore the cities and temples of Babylonia. ", "While the interest that the author of Gen 11:1-9 displayed in the architectural wonders of Babylon was paralleled by many Classical Era authors, a specific temporal setting in the generation following the flood was only found in Berossus and in the cuneiform sources on which he drew. (", "Gmirkin 123–124)\n\nPart of the difficulty lies in the fact that Babyloniaca has only been preserved in piecemeal quotations (and quotations of quotations) from later authors; the work does not survive in its entirety, making direct comparisons difficult. ", "However, we might be able to go even further than Gmirkin does. ", "Many decades ago, German scholar P. Schnabel reconstructed an outline of Berossus’s text on the founding of the Marduk temple based on citations and references in Pseudo-Eupolemus and Hyginus. ", "This outline goes as follows:\n\nBel (Marduk) the creator god together with the first people constructed the wall of Babylon, its temple complex, and its temple-tower (Etemenanki). ", "Under Bel’s rule, the people were monolingual and united in one city. ", "The god Nabu, who invented writing, taught the people various languages — apparently out of jealousy toward Bel — and this resulted in conflict.", "\n\nGenesis 11 obviously has key theological differences (particularly Yahweh’s motivation for introducing language, which is not the result of divine rivalry), yet most of the narrative ingredients are there. ", "Babylon as the first city with a great tower, home of the first people with one language until the meddling of the gods introduces multiplicity of languages. (", "Schnabel, Berossus und die babylonisch-hellenistische Literatur, 1923, 92–93. ", "See also Daniel I. Bock, “The Role of Language in Ancient Israelite Perceptions of National Identity”, JBL 103.3, Sept. 1984, 336.)", "\n\nBabel and Jewish origins\n\nMany scholars draw a dividing line between the Primeval History and the rest of Genesis, but I’m not so sure that is necessary. ", "If we look at the material topically, the Tower of Babel story is followed by Abram’s genealogy and then a collection of folktales about Abram (Abraham). ", "Where is Abram, father of all the Israelites, from in the Genesis tradition? ", "From Babylonia — Ur of the Chaldeans, to be exact, named for the Chaldean dynasty that rose to power in Babylonia around 600 BCE. ", "Surely, it is topically relevant that two stories presented back-to-back both place Israel’s origins in Babylonia.", "\n\nIn the Genesis story, Abram moves from Ur to Haran, and then to Canaan, to claim the Promised Land on behalf of all Israel. ", "These places are not random names drawn from a hat to give Abram a plausible-sounding backstory. ", "Furthermore, Abram’s father is named Terah, which seems to have been a city in Aram (Syria), and both Haran and Nahor (Abram’s brothers) double as place names from that region. ", "Abram’s family tree is geographical in function.", "\n\nWhat is the significance of these names? ", "A common argument (put forward by Good, for example, on p. 112) to explain Abram’s starting-point in Ur is that the text is calling on the post-exilic Jews in Babylon to follow in Abram’s footsteps and return to Palestine.", "\n\nGarbini (1986), whose ideas are always fascinating, notes that these names place Abram territorially and chronologically in Mesopotamia at the time of Nabonidus — the last Neo-Babylonian king, and a “fervent adherent of the cult of the moon god Sin” whose most important sanctuaries were in Ur and Haran, and whose mixed ethnic background was Aramean and Chaldean (“Nabonidus”, ABD). ", "Garbini argues that placing references to Nabonidus and his politics in the Abram narrative were a way for the Judean exiles to establish a native claim to their new country and create a link with the king under whom they flourished. ", "Nabonidus is portrayed favourably in other Jewish works, notably the Prayer of Nabonidus found at Qumran (and on which the story of Nebuchadnezzar’s madness in Daniel seems to be based). ", "Similarly, many of the oracles of Ezekiel, written a bit earlier during the exile, explicitly support the political efforts of Nebuchadnezzar and condemn his opponents in Tyre and Egypt, while Second Isaiah promotes the ideology of the Persian kings it was written under.", "\n\nMy (admittedly speculative) suggestion, then, is that the Tower of Babel story could function in a similar manner, affirming an ancient Babylonian pedigree for the Jews while gently mocking the great city and its ziggurat — particularly since Nabonidus and the Persian rulers who followed him were opposed to the Marduk cult in Babylon and ultimately destroyed the tower.", "\n\nBabel and linguistic “creationism”\n\nOne of the theological difficulties with the Primeval History in Genesis is that if the stories are understood literally, then they make testable scientific claims about the past. ", "And boy do they fail those tests.", "\n\nIt is important to emphasize that few theologians interpret Genesis literally these days. ", "The biggest Christian denominations worldwide embrace science — particularly the Catholic church. ", "However, fundamentalist Evangelical Christianity is another matter. ", "Fierce debate is waged in church pews and religious colleges (particularly in the United States) between science and various flavours of creationism. ", "A literal reading of the opening chapters of Genesis is non-negotiable for many Christians; without it, elaborate doctrines of Original Sin and atonement honed by Medieval theologians would collapse. ", "But if the universe, humans, plants and animals were created in their present forms over a six-day period on or about the year 4,000 BC (a date arrived at through biblical genealogies), then everything science has discovered about biology, evolution, astronomy, and geology is wrong despite all appearances to the contrary.", "\n\nFor many, the story of Noah’s Flood is also non-negotiable as a historical event. ", "It has led to a field of pseudo-science called “flood geology” — the invention of Seventh Day Adventist George McCready Price. (", "And it should be noted that modern young-earth creationism is in large part due to the teachings of Adventist founder Ellen White.) ", "Noah’s flood has become the go-to explanation for dismissing the most obvious geological difficulties with creationism — the geological column, dinosaur fossils, erosion canyons, and so on.", "\n\nThe Babel story, if taken literally, also makes claims about the past: namely, that everyone on earth lived in Babylon around the year 2242 BCE (using Ussher’s chronology), and that the world’s languages are a result of divine intervention at that time. ", "However, linguistics seems to be a much more low-key issue than evolution — likely because the field is much more obscure among non-specialists. ", "In fact, I didn’t know anyone at all was promoting “Babel linguistics” until I dug around a bit. ", "The US’s most outspoken creationist outfit, Answers in Genesis, has just one article on their website attempting to promote Babel linguistics (based on little other than Genesis). ", "Their in-house creationist publication, Answers Research Journal, also has an article about potential locations for Babel, which it insists would be the oldest ruins in the world. (", "The existence of earlier civilizations elsewhere would contradict the biblical story.) ", "The Institute for Creation Research also has a handful of articles affirming the Babel story but with no arguments of interest. ", "Reasons to Believe has one article on the subject; in keeping with their “old-earth” Creationist position, they think the Babel story happened about 35,000 years ago (which makes no sense within the biblical context). ", "The Discovery Institute has just one page I could find discussing Babel and languages; as is typical of their rhetorical tactics, they pooh-pooh mainstream linguistics but refuse to provide their own ideas of how languages emerged. ", "The editors of Creation Wiki (yeah, that exists) think that Eblaite is the oldest written language and was therefore the original pre-Babel tongue. (", "In fact, there are far older examples from around the world.)", "\n\nBabel linguistics, in fact, has quite an old pedigree. ", "The earliest European scholars to theorize about languages during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance assumed that all languages had come from Babylon. ", "Typically, it was held that Hebrew as the “language of God” must have been the pure, uncorrupted Adamic language spoken before Babel. ", "Such views were still commonplace in the 16th century when serious linguistic studies began to be published, but were increasingly abandoned as knowledge grew. ", "After dispensing with Babel, linguists attempted to classify languages in terms of Noah’s descendants — describing them as Semitic from Shem, Hamitic from Ham, or Japhetic from Japheth. ", "By around the 18th century though, even this was abandoned, as linguists developed better tools for comparing languages and tracing their ancestry.", "\n\nBibliography\n\nEdwin M. Good, Genesis 1–11: Tales of the Earliest World .", "\n\n. ", "Theodore Hiebert, “The Tower of Babel”, Journal of Biblical Literature 126.1, Spring 2007.", "\n\n126.1, Spring 2007. ", "Phillip Michael Sherman, Babel’s Tower Translated: Genesis 11 and Ancient Jewish Interpretation (BI 117).", "\n\n(BI 117). ", "Russell E. Gmirkin, Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus: Hellenistic Histories and the Date of the Pentateuch (LHB/OTS 433).", "\n\n(LHB/OTS 433). ", "P. Schnabel, Berossus und die babylonisch-hellenistische Literatur .", "\n\n. ", "Daniel I. Bock, “The Role of Language in Ancient Israelite Perceptions of National Identity”, Journal of Biblical Literature 103.3, Sept 1984\n\n103.3, Sept 1984 GIovanni Garbini, History and Ideology in Ancient Israel." ]

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[ "Mobile Patrol App.", "\n\nTechnology improves delivery of information to community\n\nDATELINE - Chenango County Sheriff Ernest R. Cutting Jr. announced today that his office has launched a smartphone app that allows the office to communicate much more effectively with the community. ", "The Chenango County Sheriff’s Office app is a free download and is available for both iPhone and Android smart devices. ", "Users simply search “MobilePatrol” and after downloading, select the sheriff’s office. ", "Users of the app will have access to real-time detention center information with mug shots, charges and offender information. ", "The app is fully integrated with VINE® (Victim Information and Notification Everyday), which allows crime victims to be notified about the custody status of their offender. ", "The app also includes warrants, lists of non-custodial parents and most-wanted criminals, news, the facility location, the sheriff’s office directory and much more. “", "The most beneficial and significant feature of this app is that it lets us get important information right to people’s fingertips,” said Sheriff Cutting. “", "The app greatly improves our ability to serve the public, and that’s what we’re here for. ", "We’re thrilled that we can provide this to the community.” ", "Information that can be pushed right to a user’s smartphone includes Amber Alerts (including photos of missing persons), news about escapees and manhunts, weather warnings and other local emergencies.“ ", "We know that more and more people are getting the information they need from their smartphones,” said Sheriff Cutting. “", "We want to make sure we’re using the latest communication technology to keep the public informed, and this app lets us do that.”" ]

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[ "Now that I have the jump, it’s time to build the tutorial. ", "I need to start making the very beginning levels which will serve as a tutorial for the player (even if they don’t realize it). ", "When designing the tutorial levels you have to make sure each section of the level is:\n\nGreat at conveying some sort of message to the player that is relatively easy to observe and isn’t cluttered. ", "Like a screen of a level that introduces some new enemy or obstacle shouldn’t also introduce another mechanic at the same time. ", "You should determine what the message is before you start making the level.", "\n\nAnd when I say message I mean a mechanical message like “You can jump higher by holding jump” not a narrative message such as “God is dead, nothing matters, oriental ramen is the best ramen”. ", "Narrative message in level design is an amazing thing but it’s not what I’m talking about.", "\n\nThis level is essentially broken into 2 levels, the top part introduces moving threats that must be dodged. ", "It is immediately moving towards you down a long hall with a high ceiling so it’s easy to jump over and if you don’t jump you will be returned to the nearest checkpoint which is right before you enter the room. ", "So if you fail you’ll be trying again in 2 seconds.", "\n\nThen there’s the lower part of the level, that might take several tries for a new player. ", "It’s purpose is to introduce platforming challenge. ", "If you keep moving in the same direction after jumping over the enemy, you’ll land on solid ground. ", "Notice how there are no threats in the lower section of the level besides falling at first. ", "However in order to eventually force the player to make the first jump, the enemy will eventually fall back on the player.", "\n\nI think of levels as having layers, (much like onions, ogres, and Taco Bell’s 7 layer burrito) layers of how players interact with them. ", "There’s the layer of what is immediately obvious to the player about the room, in this example it would be that there is an object moving towards the player. ", "Then you have the layer of their options to achieve their goal, this room has a high ceiling which allows the player to jump over the object. ", "But even within the category of options there are multiple layers depending on the player’s skill and abilities.", "\n\nThat is how a newcomer to the game would experience this level.", "\n\nAnd that is how someone with a double jump would experience it.", "\n\nAnd that is how a speedrunner would experience it.", "\n\nThis one screen level has many purposes and many different layers (and all the same principles apply to playing this level backwards). ", "I will continue trying to put this amount of effort into each and every screen.", "\n\nIf you want to see more of my game check out our twitter." ]

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[ "* Completion of month end management accounts including Management accounts packs* Balance sheet reconciliations, investigation and timely resolution of discrepancies.* ", "Preparation of variance analysis and supporting commentary.* ", "Production of intercompany reconciliations* Overseeing the company's monthly and year end procedures\n\nRole requirements\n\nIn order to be successful in your application for this role, you will hold a full UK accounting qualification (ACA/CIMA/ACCA). ", "It is essential that you will be detail orientated and keen to understand the underlying drivers behind an organisation's performance. ", "Previous experience in producing management accounts is a given, but previous interaction with a variety of stakeholders around the business is critical." ]

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[ "Isoamyl alcohol\n\nIsoamyl alcohol (also known as isopentyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH. ", "It is one of several isomers of amyl alcohol. ", "It is an ingredient in the production of banana oil, an ester found in nature and also produced as a flavouring in industry. ", "It is a common fusel alcohol, produced as a major by-product of ethanol fermentation. ", "It is also an ingredient of Kovac's reagent, used for the bacterial diagnostic indole test.", "\n\nIt is also used as an antifoaming agent in the chloroform:isomyl alcohol reagent.", "\n\nIsoamyl alcohol is used in a phenol–chloroform extraction mixed with the chloroform to further inhibit RNase activity and prevent solubility of RNAs with long tracts of poly-adenine.", "\n\nIt is one of the components of the aroma of Tuber melanosporum, the black truffle. ", "It has been identified as a chemical in the pheromone used by hornets to attract other members of the hive to attack.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Primary alcohols\nCategory:Alkanols" ]

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[ "Malka Soda\n\nMalka Soda is a district of Oromia Region in Ethiopia.", "\n\nSee also \n\n Districts of Ethiopia\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Districts of Ethiopia" ]

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[ "Androgens in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.", "\nCongenital Adrenal Hyperplasias (CAH) are genetic diseases transmitted in an autosomal recessive way and these diseases affect many aspects of human health. ", "The majority of CAH cases is due to a deficiency in 21-hydroxylase as a result of the existence of mutations in both alleles of the CYP21A2 gene. ", "Since the identification of mild, non-classic forms of this disease, CAH has been recognized to be one of the most common genetic diseases in human beings. ", "This disease is generally associated with elevated secretion of androgens, sometimes resulting in virilizing syndromes, including genital ambiguity, precocious puberty in both sexes, or milder syndromes of androgen excess like precocious pubarche or the occurrence of hirsutism and oligomenorrhea in women. ", "Accumulating precursors like 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) are directed to the synthesis of androgens through the enzyme 17-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase leading to the production of dehydroepiandrosterone that is then converted to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at the gonads and at other peripheral tissues. ", "17OHP, the hallmark of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, can be converted to androstenedione (in a low efficiency molecular process) but can also be converted to DHT through an alternative pathway that becomes active due to the large amounts of accumulated 17OHP - the backdoor pathway. ", "Another important pathway that becomes significant in this disease is the 11-oxyandrogens pathway through which androstenedione is converted to 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione at the adrenal and from there to 11-ketotestosterone and 11-ketoDHT. ", "The elevated androgens levels affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and, in some cases, the ovary resulting in chronic anovulation and infertility." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to apply show and hide on button click?", "\n\nI wanted to perform show and hide on my button click. ", "I have the following code. ", "I want to show or apply my css style(color:red) on my \"maindiv\" content on clicking of button \"Click\".", "\n Again, if I click that Click button then it should hide or display it's normal content like earlier(i.e without any css style of red), like this it should come.", "\nGetting error: TypeError: Cannot read property 'classList' of null\n\nFiddle.", "\nhtml:\n<div ng-app=\"app\">\n <div ng-controller=\"MainController\">\n <div id=\"maindiv\">\n <p>Test Content</p>\n </div>\n <div id=\"mainContainer\">\n <div id=\"testId\">\n <button type=\"button\" ng-click=\"testExpand()\">Click</button>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n\njs:\nangular.module('app', []).", "\ncontroller('MainController', ['$scope', function ($scope) {\n $scope.testExpand = function(){\n alert(\"testExpand is called to show\");\n document.querySelector(\"maindiv\").classList.add(\"maindivColor\");\n } \n}]);\n\nA:\n\nJust add #\ndocument.querySelector(\"#maindiv\").classList.toggle(\"maindivColor\");\n\nAnd use toggle instead of add\n\n" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a rotary drive apparatus of a type wherein a magnetic force is generated between a rotor and stator for reciprocatively moving the rotor. ", "The apparatus is adapted for use as a compact rotary type actuator utilized for operating, for example, a rotary valve.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nKnown in the prior art is a rotary apparatus including a rotor made of a magnetic material of an elongated shape with oppositely magnetized ends yokes of C-shape arranged astride the rotor, permanent magnets connected to the yokes, and a coil for magnetizing the rotor so that the ends of the rotor are oppositely magnetized (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. ", "58-148408). ", "This rotary apparatus is adapted for use for driving a self-holding type relay apparatus. ", "Each of the yokes has a pair of ends which face the ends of the rotor and which are magnetized by means of the corresponding permanent magnet. ", "The ends of one yoke faces with the ends of the other yoke via the respective ends of the rotor. ", "Due to this construction, flows of magnetic flux are generated between the rotor, yoke, and the permanent magnets, causing the rotor to be rotated for a limited angle between the two positions defined by the distance between the ends of the yokes.", "\nThe above-mentioned prior art suffers from the drawback that the yokes are required to transmit the magnetic flux for generating a closed loop of the flow of the magnetic flux causing an increase in the number of parts for constructing the apparatus and resulting in a complicated structure thereof." ]

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[ "Even with a shortage of IT workers, some employers are still discerning in their hiring requirements and are either seeking certified candidates or offering to pay for their employees to become certified.", "\n\nThe Linux Foundation’s 2017 Open Source Jobs Report finds that half of hiring managers are more likely to hire a certified professional, while 47 percent of companies are willing to help pay for employees’ certifications. ", "Meanwhile, 89% of hiring managers find it difficult to find open source talent.", "\n\nThe demand for skills relating to cloud administration, DevOps, and continuous integration/continuous delivery is fueling interest in training and certifications related to open source projects and tools that power the cloud, according to the report. ", "Workers find certification important, too. ", "In fact, 76 percent of open source pros say certifications are useful to their careers.", "\n\nExisting cloud certifications, such as the Certified Kubernetes Administrator exam, are expected to help address the growing demand for these skills, the report states.", "\n\nWhy certifications are important\n\nDemand for certifications is on the rise. ", "Half of hiring managers prioritize finding certified pros; 50 percent also say they are more likely to hire a certified candidate than one without a certification, up from 44 percent in 2016, according to the Open Source Jobs report. ", "And there’s been a big jump in companies willing to pay for employees to become certified. ", "Nearly half say they’re willing to pay, up from one-third a year ago.", "\n\nHere’s why. ", "Some employers believe training alone is not enough and perceive that overall, certified IT pros make great employees, according to a CompTIA report. ", "In fact, the study finds 91 percent of employers view IT certifications as a differentiator and say they play a key role in the hiring process.", "\n\nThen there is perception. “", "Certifications make a good first impression,” the CompTIA report observes, and there is the belief that certified IT employees are more confident, knowledgeable and reliable, and perform at a higher level. ", "While not specific to a particular technology, a whopping 95 percent of employers in the CompTIA study agree IT certifications provide a baseline set of knowledge for certain IT positions.", "\n\nOnly 21 percent say they definitely would not pay for certifications, down from 30 percent last year, the Open Source Jobs report finds.", "\n\nThe good news for IT professionals is that with certification, pay premiums have consistently grown over the past year. ", "Areas in which IT pros receive higher pay, include: information security; application development/programming languages; databases; networking and communications; and systems administration/engineering – skill sets that are among the hardest to fill.", "\n\nDice’s annual salary survey finds salaries for Linux professionals are in line with last year, at over $100,000 annually – higher than the average $92,000 for tech pros nationally.", "\n\nFormal training and/or certifications are a priority for hiring managers looking for developers (55 percent, compared to 47 percent who said so in 2016) and for Systems Administrators (53 percent vs. 47 percent last year).", "\n\nTrending skills and certifications in high demand\n\nIn its 2018 Salary Guide, Robert Half Technology lists the most highly sought tech skills and certifications in North America. ", "Among them are: .NET, Agile, and Scrum certifications. ", "For application development work, businesses are seeking certifications and skills in areas including PHP and LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and Perl/Python). ", "In networking and telecommunications, Linux/Unix administration is in high demand as well as in technical services, help desk, and technical support.", "\n\nMeanwhile, 76 percent of professionals find certifications are useful to their careers, mainly to demonstrate technical knowledge to potential employers (reported by 47 percent of respondents), and 31 percent say that certifications generally make them more employable.", "\n\nAlthough salary, not surprisingly, is the biggest incentive for switching jobs (82 percent), certification opportunities is an incentive for 65 percent of respondents in the Open Source Jobs report.", "\n\nDownload the full 2017 Open Source Jobs Report now." ]

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[ "Before the fall of the Soviet Union, the anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution was one of the most important holidays on the Russian calendar. ", "Today, on the centennial of the revolution, just 8% of Russians believe this event was the most important of the past century. ", "Instead, a plurality of the public (34%) sees World War II as Russia’s most important historical touchstone.", "\n\nAfter World War II, 20% of Russians rank the dissolution of the USSR as the single most significant event of the past 100 years. ", "Just one-in-ten cite the country’s 1998 financial crisis. ", "However, a quarter of the public volunteers that all four of the events tested were equally important historical developments for their nation.", "\n\nViews of events in Russia’s history differ by the level of confidence in President Vladimir Putin. ", "Russians who trust Putin to do the right thing on the world stage are more likely than those who express no confidence to name World War II as the most important event of the past century (35% vs 24%). ", "This may reflect Putin’s efforts to promote the war as a defining moment for the Russian nation. ", "Among the small share who express no confidence in Putin, the top historical event is the dissolution of the Soviet Union (30%), not World War II.", "\n\nJosef Stalin and Mikhail Gorbachev, the Russian leaders presiding, respectively, over World War II and the fall of the USSR, receive starkly different ratings in Russia. ", "In a 2015 survey, a majority of the Russian public (58%) believed Stalin played a very or mostly positive role in history. ", "Few people (22%) felt the same way about Gorbachev.", "\n\nNote: See topline results of our survey and methodology." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAre there any lightweight analogues to CORBA/RPC for embedded programs?", "\n\nI am writing embedded applications for different hardware (avr, arm7, tms55xx…) and different rtoses (freeRTOS, rtx, dsp/bios). ", "And every second of them needs to communicate with PC or another digital device. ", "Sometimes interactions logic is very advanced. ", "So I'm interesting in common methodology (like state-machine programming style), protocol specification or library, that could simplify developing such things.", "\n\nA:\n\nI've been very happy with google's protocol buffers on embedded systems for both data passing and RPC mechanisms. ", " They are quite a bit lighter than XML based systems since the data is transmitted is binary encoded and the decoding the data sent requires minimal processing which is a big plus on cpu usage on the embedded side of the link.", "\nThere are readily available libraries for various languages but most importantly C for embedded apps.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Renewed attention on America’s stark and growing racial wealth divide requires critical thinking on policy remedies\n\nLast week’s release of The Ever Growing Gap, a study by the Institute for Policy Studies and the Corporation for Enterprise Development into America’s vast and growing racial wealth divide, raises the urgent question of policy remedies. ", "And it’s on that front that our own findings on the question of educational opportunity — where the disparities are often the favored explanation of many researchers and policy analysts for the racial wealth gap — are worth revisiting.", "\n\n\n\nOur recent research brief entitled, “Umbrellas Don’t make it Rain: Why Studying and Working Hard Isn’t Enough for Black Americans,” critiques the preponderance of research and public policy that asserts that education and hard work drive upward mobility, especially as it relates to racial and ethnic disparity. ", "Like umbrellas and rain, simply observing that wealthier individuals typically have higher levels of education does not necessarily mean that educational attainment is the causal factor behind their greater wealth.", "\n\nOur research found that the typical net worth of black families headed by a college graduate is only about $23,000, while the typical white family of equivalent educational achievement has close to eight times that amount, with about $180,000 in wealth.", "\n\nIn fact, black households headed by a college graduate have only about two-thirds of the wealth of white families whose head dropped out of high school.", "\n\nSo, while a college degree is positively associated with relative wealth within a particular racial category, it does little to explain or address the massive wealth gap across the racial divide.", "\n\nNor is a “good” job necessarily the great wealth equalizer that many imagine. ", "Income-poor white families own more wealth than middle-income black families — the typical white household whose head is unemployed has nearly twice the wealth of the typical black family whose head holds a full-time job —about $23,000 versus $12,000. ", "The typical black family whose head is unemployed, by contrast, has no wealth.", "\n\nWhile not to diminish the intrinsic value of education, nor our society’s responsibility to equip all its children with a high-quality education, our findings demonstrate that education alone is not the antidote for the enormous racial gaps in wealth and employment." ]

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[ "Actual Advice Mallard\n\nbefore you get married\n\ntalk to your so about if you want kids or not" ]

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[ "A Taste of Coronado\n\nDate/Time\n\nOct 12, 2011\n05:30 PM until 09:00 PM\n\nDescription\n\nThe Coronado Junior Woman’s Club is hosting “A Taste of Coronado” fundraiser on Wednesday, October 12, 2011.", "\nNearly two dozen restaurants, retailers, and hotels will offer food and beverage samples to participants from 5:30-9:00 p.m. Trolley cars will be available to transport attendees between participating businesses.", "\nTickets are available at $35.00 each in advance and can be purchased at www.atasteofcoronado.com beginning September 12, 2011. (", "Tickets are $45.00 on the day of the event.) ", "Participants should check-in at Rotary Park at Orange and Isabella Avenues on the day of the event.", "\nThis event benefits San Diego Family Justice Center and Coronado SAFE (Student and Family Enrichment).", "\n\nMost Popular\n\nFarm to Fable\nDeception, fraud, and honest mistakes in the farm-to-table movement\n\nAnthony's Out at Embarcadero?", "\nAfter 60 years, it looks like Anthony's Fish Grotto might be out in The Embarcadero. ", "That means 31,608 square feet of prime, landmark restaurant space in San Diego is up for grabs. ", "Our bet is...\n\nFIRST LOOK: Park & Rec\nAfter 30 years, Bourbon Street is gone. ", "In its place in University Heights comes cocktail village Park & Rec, designed as the ultimate patio party. ", "Negroni lovers meet sunscreen.", "\n\nFIRST LOOK: Bracero\nThe hottest thing in San Diego food right now is Mexico. ", "And there is no chef more primed to show what Baja can do than Javier Plascencia. ", "Take a first look at his new spot in San Diego, Bracero Cocina De Raiz." ]

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[ "Gangaikondaan Cholapuram is 70 kms from Thanjavur and 50 kms from\nChdambaram. ", "Rajendra Chola I the mighty king of Chola Dynasty established his new\ncapital and built this magnificent temple for Lord Siva, equaled with that of Big\nTemple of Thanjavur. ", "Rajendra Chola I during his campaign to the north, fetched\nwater from river Ganga in Golden Pot and sanctified the\nwater body. ", "He was called as 'Gangaikondan' (the one who\nbrought the Ganges). ", "The entire region is filled with refreshing landscapes, River\nand Green fields for miles around.", "\n\nThe temple is noted for its massive and richly carved scultprues. ", "A big\nNandi , a Lion Head\nWell with a flight of steps and Gigantic Statues\nof Dwarapalakas [ entrance guards] are other special features of this temple.", "\nUNESCO declared Mahabalipuram as World Heritage Site in\nthe year 2004.", "\n\nAn Official Website Of Tamilnadu Tourism Development Corporation\nand Department Of Tourism" ]

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[ "Primary Navigation Menu\n\nCovers\n\nHello lovelies, today, I deliver my experience working with a new cover artist.", "\n\nI worked with a cover artist when I first published Catching the Rose in high school (far left). ", "It’s a sweet cover, however, it was too pink and it didn’t feel very modern. ", "Plus, I changed my author brand and wanted to resubmit under the name Belinda Kroll.", "\n\nWhen I republished Catching the Rose (middle), I did the new cover work. ", "I also did the original cover for Haunting Miss Trentwood (right). ", "At the time, I thought I was catering to women who preferred sweet romances… Not that you could tell by the covers I created! ", "The original for Catching the Rose was more accurate, but I didn’t have rights to the image for re-publication, unfortunately.", "\n\nI’ve known for some time that the covers I created wasn’t getting to my desired audience. ", "I knew this because the Amazon “Customers who bought this item also bought” did not match my expectations. ", "Readers seem to get the gothic part, but not the comedy or light-heartedness of what could have been a very sad, morbid tale.", "\n\nSo here are my tips regarding cover artists…\n\nKnow What You Want\n\nFind Examples\n\nSeriously. ", "Don’t commission a cover artist until you have a solid understanding of your genre and audience. ", "Read a lot of books. ", "Collect covers of the books you want to emulate or compete against. ", "I had a secret Pinterest board just for cover art.", "\n\nWrite Good Content\n\nKnow how to write compelling back cover copy. ", "I scoured Amazon looking for good descriptions that made me want to read the book. ", "I keep a file of good descriptions. ", "I spent an entire afternoon picking the structure apart so I could replicate the recipe.", "\n\nDetermine Your Distribution\n\nKnow where you want to publish your book. ", "If you’re working with print, Amazon’s CreateSpace has different standards than Lightning Source’s IngramSpark. ", "If you’re working with eBook only, that is an important distinction as well.", "\n\nFind a Cover Artist\n\nBelieve it or not, I found my cover artist by looking on the back cover of a book released by a newer member of my writer’s group. ", "I visited her website and looked at every cover she had created. ", "I confirmed she followed the young adult historical trend, but not in a derivative way. ", "I confirmed she understood the genre, young adult historical comedic gothic (say that three times fast). ", "I confirmed she had an online presence (Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Instagram, any would have worked for me) so I could determine her responsiveness.", "\n\nPlus, I read in her bio that she lives in my city. ", "I love that! ", "I was so excited to support a local artist. ", "Things you should keep in mind when choosing your cover artist:\n\nAre they design savvy?", "\n\nDo they understand your genre?", "\n\nDo they understand your audience?", "\n\nAre they responsive?", "\n\nAre they in your budget?", "\n\nContact/Commission a Cover Artist\n\nOnce I was convinced, I contacted her through her website. ", "This was her preferred method of communication. ", "For the love of all that is efficient, don’t contact your desired cover artist through your preferred contact method. ", "You’ll never get a response and you’ll lose the opportunity. ", "This is a time for the two of you to interview one another. ", "You’re looking for a solid professional relationship, where both parties can commit to a timeline and have explicit expectations about what is required to complete the task.", "\n\nA professional cover artist, no matter how much they charge for their services, will have a design brief/form for you to fill out. ", "On this form, you will (should) be required to provide:\n\nTitle / subtitle\n\nAuthor name\n\nTagline\n\nBack cover copy\n\nAuthor bio\n\nMy cover artist also asked for content ideas. ", "She wanted to know the theme of the story, who the main characters were with generic physical descriptions, any important scenery details*, and any important relationships.", "\n\n* Haunting Miss Trentwood is an English manor story; we don’t leave the house so it became a feature of the cover.", "\n\nA professional cover artist will also have a contract for you to sign. ", "This should include all the details of your agreement, including:\n\nDeposit/retainer for services\n\nEstimated total fee\n\nTimeline\n\nWho covers cost for stock art\n\nHow many design hours are included in the base price\n\nHow many revisions are included\n\nWhat happens if a change request occurs (what constitutes a change request? ", "are there fees associated?)", "\n\nWhat are the final file formats\n\nWhen/How are the files delivered\n\nCollaborate with Your Cover Artist i.e. Let Them Do Their Job\n\nNow, my cover artist was super fun to work with. ", "I had this idea in my head, and I felt pretty strongly about it. ", "However, I’m a software designer by trade and I know when my client thinks they know what is best… they usually don’t. ", "So I gave her exactly what I thought I wanted, I gave details about wanting silhouettes, a bright cover, a bit of mystery, and some color suggestions. ", "I gave her access to my secret Pinterest board. ", "And then I sat back and waited. ", "Anxiously, like a kid at Christmas told not to touch any of the presents.", "\n\nShe blew me away with her collaboration skills. ", "I approved all silhouettes before they were composed together in the final cover art. ", "I approved the fonts. ", "I approved the color scheme. ", "Then I sat back and waited again for the first draft composition. ", "I basically went with her design with minor tweaks.", "\n\nThe back cover was easier since it’s simpler. ", "I submitted my publisher logo (Bright Bird Press), my author bio and author photo. ", "I like to include my author photo because I write under a pen name and it’s nice to confirm with family and friends that I did, in fact, just publish a book.", "\n\nYou can tell from the before and after that hiring a cover designer is definitely worth it…\n\nIf you’ve been on the fence about hiring a cover artist, I encourage you to do your research. ", "Hire someone you can trust. ", "Someone you can collaborate with. ", "Someone who makes you dance with joy when you receive your new cover art!", "\n\nRequesting Beta Readers for The Rebel’s Touch\n\nI don’t know why, I’m just so horribly stuck with that book. ", "I’ve put it aside, so very frustrated and wondering what to do with it. ", "Perhaps send it to a beta reader or two? ", "If you’re interested, let me know! ", "I’d love your thoughts and, most importantly, questions, so I know what to answer as the book goes forward. ", "Leave a comment or contact me via Twitter, Tumblr, Facebook, or the contact form on my website to let me know if you’d like a sneak peek to the first couple chapters to provide feedback.", "\n\nWhat’s up with Mad Maxine?", "\n\nIn the meantime, I keep tweaking my short story, Mad Maxine. ", "I’ve never liked the cover for it and finally, on Monday night while sipping a nice red blend with How I Met Your Mother in the background, I redesigned the cover and uploaded it to my distributors. ", "See below for all the different covers and the final (fingers crossed) selection.", "\n\nFirst cover\n\nSecond attempt\n\nThird attempt\n\nWhatever happened to Loving, Longing, Leaving?", "\n\nRemember that anthology I was going to pull together last year? ", "Well, I’ve rejuvenated the project. ", "I even created a cover for it, to provide some sort of accountability on my part. ", "I’m compiling my old poetry and short stories and will be sending it to my editor for her input fairly soon. ", "It’s called Atlanta & the Lion, and Other Tales.", "\n\nThe collection is quirky, kind of weird, and everything is set in some undetermined time and place including characters concerned with a man on an epic journey to reclaim his lost mustache, a woman whose boyfriend is a lion, and a grieving woman who thinks if she hugs enough people, the Bureau of Motor Vehicles might become a better place, and more. ", "Sounds fun, right?", "\n\nI like this cover because it’s starting to show how my non-Victorian or historical pieces will all have a particular visual theme. ", "The kind of mid-century “I’m typing on a keyboard but I’m influenced by the past” sort of feel. ", "Me likey lots.", "\n\nBuy Haunting Miss Trentwood direct!", "\n\nI finally set it up so you can purchase Haunting Miss Trentwood directly from me. ", "I have a Kindle and ePub version available, as well as the first ten chapters of the audiobook available as a teaser. ", "The full audiobook will be direct for purchase in the coming months.", "\n\nBut you keep disappearing!", "\n\nI know, I know. ", "I pop into the blog to say, “Hi! ", "I’m still alive! ", "I promise I’m still working on things!” ", "And then you don’t hear from me for too long. ", "I post things at Tumblr more frequently, images and quotes and the like, and I’m working on a way to automatically import those posts into this blog because I think it would be nice to spice things up a bit. ", "So look for that. ", "You’ll know if it works because I’ll be posting more often.", "\n\nSo yes. ", "That is the skinny on Belinda’s writing world right now. ", "I have a dance lesson tonight, a dance tomorrow and Saturday night, and Father’s day on Sunday. ", "Busy busy busy!", "\n\nI sit here at my desk eating a McDonald’s McGriddle and pondering the odd combination of a sandwich that uses pancakes for bread. ", "The rain is pouring though it is the middle of January in Ohio. ", "The world is an odd place.", "\n\nLast night, I decided I would redesign the cover for my short story, Mad Maxine. ", "The first cover was, admittedly, thrown together. ", "I thought I needed a photo-realistic cover for whatever reason, and that it needed to match my historical fiction covers.", "\n\nFact is, Mad Maxine is a contemporary short story that is so different from my historical fiction, I’m certain I was confusing readers. ", "Maxine is a smoker, she’s just lost her husband and the story location is at his grave site. ", "The original cover showed none of that.", "\n\nShould be live on all those sites and propagated across Kobo, Sony, etc, over the coming days.", "\n\nSmashwords Gifts\n\nWhile at Smashwords, I noticed they have a beta “gift a book” option. ", "The way it works is when you purchase the book, you submit the recipient’s email and they get an automatic email with instruction to get their copy.", "\n\nThis is a great option not only for readers giving gifts to readers, but also for authors who are holding contests! ", "I hate the fact that when I want to give a free book to a reader, I usually have to send them this email stating “here is a 100% coupon for you to download the book.” ", "Now, it seems Smashwords takes care of it for me. ", "Huzzah!", "\n\nUnderground Railroad Stealth\n\nIn terms of my research for The Rebel’s Touch, I hit a gold mine while reading John P. Parker’s autobiography. ", "Parker was an escaped slave who became a very successful businessman in the Cincinnati and Ripley, OH areas. ", "He also happened to be a primary operator for the Underground Railroad. ", "First off, this book reads like you are sitting at an old southern man’s kitchen table, listening to him tell his story. ", "It is FANTASTIC! ", "I often find myself reading a passage out loud, slowing down my natural rhythm, trying to hear how he would have said that particular sentence.", "\n\nParker’s attention to detail and storytelling is the kind that gets passed down in storytelling families. ", "I know, I’m in one of them. ", "My father once told me a story about how a crocodile used to eat lying children that sounded so plausible, I really thought he lost a brother who lied to this super smart, Peter Pan-esque crocodile.", "\n\nAnyway, I couldn’t have asked for a better introduction to Ripley, OH during the Civil War years and those leading up to it. ", "He gives names, describes where the houses were, and the terrain he had to cross when leading contraband (what the Union army called escaped slaves) across the Ohio River from Kentucky.", "\n\nI have at least three more books I want to read about Ripley Ohio and John Parker. ", "Because I live in Ohio, and Ripley is only a couple hours from me, I want to visit the town and get a feel for the landscape. ", "Many of the original houses still stand, sentinels on the river. ", "I need to write to the local historical society to get additional resources, and I plan to visit the Ohio Historical Society to see what else they can tell me.", "\n\nI want to get The Rebel’s Touch out sooner rather than later. ", "But I also want to do a good job of it; I commonly hear that Haunting Miss Trentwood felt a little rushed, and maybe it was.", "\n\nSo yes, with the new year comes lots of grand plans. ", "I mean to enjoy this research process, though, and I hope to translate it into a great book.", "\n\nThis was a GOOD week for Round of Words. ", "Not only did I copy over my entire plot for The Rebel’s Hero over from sticky notes into the computer (you can see it on my fan page), but I also wrote character bios for half of my characters, and wrote another 1667 words on top of that initial 750 words, thus completing the first drafts of chapters two and three!", "\n\nAnd then yesterday, while working in a coffee shop, I realized something awful. ", "The Rebel’s Hero continues to change and morph away from Catching the Rose. ", "So much so that it feels weird using the same character names. ", "So I changed all of the character names and have finally broken free from Catching the Rose. ", "The Rebel’s Hero is still technically a rewrite, so there might be a similarity here and there, at least between character relationships… Anyway, I think this is for the best.", "\n\nOh. ", "And I made the cover for The Rebel’s Hero and unveiled it Friday evening on my fan page. ", "If you’re a subscriber to the newsletter, you got a larger version in your inbox. ", "As a bit of housekeeping, from now on I will be releasing book information first to the newsletter subscribers, then to Facebook fans, and then on the blog. ", "That makes sense, right?", "\n\nNow as you might have guessed, I’m exhausted. ", "Because on top of all that, I worked full-time last week where I wrote a 32-page report that had a ton of diagrams (ok I’m cheating, I took two weeks to write that). ", "And last night, I was swing dancing until midnight.", "\n\nBelinda iz ded nao.", "\n\nI’ll check in next week with a brushed up excerpt from chapter two, I think. ", "Or maybe not. ", "Not sure. ", "My brain hurts.", "\n\nYou might wonder why I’m publishing a second edition of my first book while in the middle of writing my second book. ", "You wouldn’t be alone in wondering this. ", "My mother has asked why I bother in looking to the past when I’m also planning for the future.", "\n\nIt’s a good question, and one I thought I’d answer here at Worderella Writes. ", "You see, Catching the Rose was my learning book. ", "When I say that I mean this was the book I wrote in which I learned how to:\n\nwrite a novel.", "\n\nedit a novel.", "\n\nensure my book was the only one with that particular title.", "\n\nlook for a reputable vanity/subsidy publisher.", "\n\ndeal with a vanity publisher.", "\n\nmake a cover sketch so my cover designer would know what I’m looking for.", "\n\ntwiddle my thumbs while I waited for the proof to arrive.", "\n\nscream with excitement as I held my book in my hands.", "\n\ngain local buzz for writing a 384 page novel as a high school student.", "\n\nset up a professional writing website.", "\n\nset up a professional writing blog.", "\n\ncompare my cover to other covers in the genre.", "\n\nrecognize my back cover copy was sadly lacking.", "\n\nrecognize my marketing plan sucked, because I didn’t have one.", "\n\naccept compliments and criticisms with the same smile.", "\n\nswallow my pride.", "\n\nI learned a great many more things, but there’s no need to list them all. ", "The point is, I love Catching the Rose, and a great number of my readers do as well. ", "Almost seven years later, I’m still hearing about how a friend of a friend of a friend of my mother picked up my book, and liked it so much that they asked my mother when my next one was coming out.", "\n\nIf you’ve ever had this happen to you, you know the quiet joy that spreads within your chest, blossoms in your heart, and makes your eyes shine.", "\n\nSo I’m releasing a second edition of this book, giving it a real chance this time because it deserves it. ", "I know so much more now about the book industry, though I have a lot more to learn. ", "I know how to do page layout and cover design; I did both for this second edition. ", "I removed a number of my glaring rookie mistakes, such as\n\nspelling out accents (“Why how dayah you, Mistah Williams, foah speakin’ to me in such a mannah!”)", "\n\nallowing widows and orphans to mess up the visual harmony of the typographical page.", "\n\nadverbs run rampant.", "\n\nI didn’t catch everything, but like I said, I’m still learning. ", "Catching the Rose is my baby. ", "I spent six years writing it during the developmental stage of life. ", "I poured in all of my teenage confusion and angst, edited out the worst of it, and made an entertaining and engaging read for women of all ages. ", "And a few men, too.", "\n\nEven as I was re-doing the page layout last night, I caught myself reading passages and chuckling at the characters, or wondering what was going to happen next. ", "Isn’t that odd? ", "I mean, I wrote the book. ", "Shouldn’t I know what’s going to happen?", "\n\nI do, because I did write the book. ", "But for me, it’s always been about the journey. ", "I’m that jerk who reads the end of the book before I read the entire thing, because I don’t want to read it if I won’t like the ending. ", "That doesn’t mean I only like happy endings, because I don’t. ", "I like well-written endings. ", "And a well-written bittersweet ending is clutch.", "\n\nSo I’m re-releasing Catching the Rose because:\n\nIt was, and still is, my learning book.", "\n\nAs per #1, I’m learning how to truly self-publish so when I self-publish Haunting Miss Trentwood, I’ll have worked out the kinks.", "\n\nI love this book.", "\n\nI love the characters, and I love their issues.", "\n\nMy readers ask me, years after reading the book, what happened to Veronica and Brad.", "\n\nWhile formatting the pages, I got lost in my own story.", "\n\nI am a writer, and I must write.", "\n\nI am a storyteller, and I must tell this story.", "\n\nSo what do you think? ", "Am I being dumb? ", "Am I being greedy? ", "Or something else entirely?", "\n\nI’ve made a book trailer for Catching the Rose, and let me tell you, it’s exhausting. ", "But oh so fun, if you know what you’re doing. ", "I downloaded CamStudio to screen capture what I was doing, but for some reason, it didn’t take properly.", "\n\nWhich really annoys me, because I was looking forward to watching a time lapse of the three hours it took me to do the actual work, after hours of looking for the perfect images/music.", "\n\nAnyway, I’m going to try to do it again. ", "I’m going to replicate the process, and capture my actions on screen so you can see what goes into a book trailer. ", "Or, at least a book trailer of my making.", "\n\nIn the meantime, enjoy my trailer, and let me know what you think about it. ", "There are some sixty of you following this blog, and I’m getting a bit lonely!", "\n\nSo I’ve been meaning to release my first book, Catching the Rose, as in eBook format, but wasn’t sure where to begin. ", "As always, I turned to my friend Zoe Winters to see what she’s done, because let’s face it, she has her hand in every pot when it comes to self-publishing.", "\n\nebook publishing and distribution platform for ebook authors, publishers and readers. ", "We offer multi-format, DRM-free ebooks, ready for immediate sampling and purchase, and readable on any e-reading device.", "\n\nThe really cool thing about this is I can upload a Word document and they do all the formatting for me. ", "My book is now, as far as I can tell, available to read in the following formats:\n\nHTML\n\nJavascript\n\nKindle\n\nEPub\n\nPDF\n\nRTF\n\nSony Reader\n\nPalm readers\n\nPlain text\n\nHow crazy is that?? ", "I’m pretty excited, I’d like to see what sort of sales I get this way. ", "But again, just because it’s out there doesn’t mean it will sell. ", "I should market the new format, right? ", "Well, I have been meaning to update the branding of the book, and since this version is owned completely by me I felt funny using the cover provided by Aventine Press, the subsidy that originally printed my work.", "\n\nTurns out stock art is an amazing thing, if you find exactly what you want. ", "I searched through istockphoto.com, gettyimages.com, and fotolia.com, and decided that Fotolia was giving me the results I wanted. ", "The image below is the one I chose for Catching the Rose.", "\n\nThere is a masquerade ball during the book, so the masks are absolutely perfect. ", "I wanted to step away from the ultra-pink of the original book, so the blue background really pulled me in. ", "Veronica, the main character, has blond hair, and Brad, the interest, has brown hair. ", "I looked for an entire week at stock photography and my jaw dropped when I found photos by Andrey Kiselev. ", "Just perfect!", "\n\nBut of course, an image isn’t enough to make a book cover. ", "I played around during my break at work today with Pixlr, a great online alternative to Photoshop just to see what I could do with the image (see below). ", "After an hour, I had something I was in love with, and I couldn’t wait to get home so I could buy the image and make the cover for real in Photoshop.", "\n\nYou see, I’d like to do a reprint of Catching the Rose, give it an updated look. ", "So I need a decent-sized file that will print well, as well as make a cover design that will scale to a thumbnail nicely. ", "Smashwords requires that you upload an image that is at least 600 pixels in height. ", "I’m not sure why, perhaps to fit all the different eReader formats. ", "So the final version is below.", "\n\nWhat do you think? ", "I’d love to get some feedback. ", "To thank you ahead of time, I’d like to give you a discount if you’re interested in supporting me in my first self-publishing venture. ", "To receive a discount on Catching the Rose (Smashwords edition), type SWS25 into the promotional field at checkout.", "\n\nReally, the two are interchangeable at this point. ", "I need both a hero and a book cover designer. ", "You see, I’m self-publishing my book and I’m doing as much of it myself as I can. ", "Why? ", "Well, because I just graduated from grad school and I have loans to take care of, thank you. ", "I’m also a creative; I take pride in doing things and have an aptitude to learn new talents fairly quickly.", "\n\nBook cover layout, however, continues to elude me, much to my frustration. ", "The problem is that I want an industry-standard-style book, something along the lines of Silent in the Sanctuary, or The Slightest Provocation, or The Deception of the Emerald Ring. ", "Those covers have stock imagery that I can’t afford. ", "I suppose I could commission an artist to draw my character in a similar style, but how many artists these days like to be so… classical?", "\n\nMy process\n\nI’ve been collecting my favorite covers as I see them on Amazon.com and Barnes and Noble.com for the last, oh, I don’t know, three years. ", "I have them separated by category: Fiction, Romance, and Teen, since those are my three main inspirational sources. ", "I know the trends like the back of my hand, but the problem is my book, Haunting Miss Trentwood, doesn’t really fit in a “trend,” per se. ", "How many of you know about a historical romance with paranormal inklings? ", "I can think of one, Amanda Quick’s Arcane Society series. ", "The one I read was Second Sight. ", "But I’ve looked at those covers, and I don’t like them because they don’t get the mood I’m going for.", "\n\nAnyway, I went to JoAnn Fabrics to buy a fat quarter and some scrapbook paper to, in essence, build my cover from scratch.", "\n\nI had sketched out the general idea that I wanted, and since I’m crafty with the scissors, I went at it for three hours, running upstairs and down to the copy machine and back to my desk, grabbing my mothers calligraphy pens when I realized I didn’t have brown, and then taking photos of the final result.", "\n\nSadness abounds. ", "I didn’t measure properly and my photos came out being the improper size for a trade paperback, which is 5.5″ by 8.5″.\n\nSo I went digital. ", "I’d had fun working with real materials, but with that failed, I decided to replicate it digitally.", "\n\nBut then that felt a bit sterile, so I went to istockexchange.com and grabbed some comp photos that I liked and began to play around with layouts.", "\n\nAn improvement, I think, but still not what I want. ", "Why is it so difficult to make a book cover for a book titled Haunting Miss Trentwood? ", "I think because the book touches multiple genres lightly at once. ", "It’s historical fiction because it’s the late Victorian era, specifically, the year of Victoria’s Golden Jubilee. ", "It’s a romance, albeit sweet. ", "It’s a mystery because blackmail is involved. ", "It’s a paranormal because a ghost is involved. ", "With all these injected into one story, I’ve opted to keep the plot itself rather simple, allowing the characters to grow and mature, allowing the reader to enjoy the journey rather than roll their eyes at me for trying to cover too much in one story.", "\n\nYou’re not done writing, why care about the cover?", "\n\nI’d like to have a cover so I can begin my marketing campaign. ", "Marketing will be the toughest part of this self-publishing journey for me because I’m not a very good schmoozer. ", "I love Twitter and will be utilizing that hardcore. ", "I dislike Facebook, but it’s the lesser of two evils (not having online presence).", "\n\nAdditionally, having a visual of the book inspires me to keep going. ", "I have every intention of completing this book and making it successful, i.e. break even at least. ", "It’s so frustrating because I am a passable artist in my own right… but I’m also a perfectionist, and my artistic skill simply isn’t at the level I prefer for my novel.", "\n\nHelp me, oh mighty Internetz, you’re my only hope\n\nIf you’re self-publishing, know someone who is or has, etc, how did you/they find a book cover designer? ", "How did you/they find a reputable artist? ", "What am I doing wrong? ", "Why has my usually stellar Google-fu failed me?", "\n\nAs a published author determined to self-publish all future works, I always find it fascinating to read about others’ adventures in the self-publishing world. ", "More people are doing it these days with the help of digital processing, but that doesn’t mean it’s a new trend. ", "Many “established” authors self-published, such as Virginia Woolf.", "\n\nWhere do I begin?", "\n\nJumping into the self-publishing realm is not for the faint of heart. ", "In fact, I would do a subsidy/vanity publisher first, just to get your feet wet. ", "Something like Lulu would be a nice start as well, because they walk you through the process.", "\n\nOnce you’re certain you want to self-publish, subscribe to Publetariat. ", "This is a blog peopled by a collection of self-publishers who write about everything, from hand selling your work to finding a good copy editor. ", "They discuss the highs and lows, and provide resources to learn more about self publishing.", "\n\nThen I would hop over to Dan Poynter’s website, which is chock full of free online resources for publishers.", "\n\nStart watching Self-Publishing Review to get an idea of the quality people are looking for in terms of good self-published fare.", "\n\nI am a fan of the indie-publisher in the same way that I’m a fan of a lot of indie musicians. ", "It’s a scary thing to put your work out there for others to judge. ", "And as there will always be artists that maybe shouldn’t have released their work, there are authors that shouldn’t release theirs.", "\n\nBut that goes vice-versa, too. ", "There are indie artists who are so good at what they do that they gain fans, word-of-mouth publicity, and possibly even a big label contract, which may or may not be their end goal. ", "Lucky for us, the same thing goes for authors… except there is still a stigma behind “self-publishing.”", "\n\nToday, I’m listing some useful websites that will help you decide if you want to take that leap into the unknown and become an independently published author.", "\n\nIndie Publishing Revolution\nMaintained by Zoe Winters, a frequent commenter and even a guest blogger here at Worderella Writes. ", "She’s an intense supporter of independent publishing and is doing her best to make sure that you know what you’re getting into if you’re interested in doing the same.", "\n\nPubletariat\nSelf-described as an “online community and news hub for the independent author.” ", "The people behind it claim to be experts in editing, marketing, journalism, etc, and are determined to help you make the best product you can. ", "It’s not that you’re “resorting” to independent publishing, it’s that you “choose” to independently publish.", "\n\nSelling Novels on the Amazon Kindle\nA first-hand account from an author who experimented with selling a draft version of his novel on the Amazon Kindle and in e-book format. ", "Very interesting and useful; read the comments to gain more insight as to whether you want to follow a similar path.", "\n\nSummary: Miss Philomena Wellesly-Clegg is a young woman who knows her mind and operates by lists: she has a list of bonnet supplies and a list of eligible bachelors to start her day, and neither list includes Inigo Linsley, the younger brother of her best-friend’s husband. ", "But Inigo is handsome, scandalous, and for some reason, very willing to help her out of a sudden and unwanted proposal, so perhaps she ought to give him a chance?", "\n\nExcerpts:\nCouldn’t find any that I really liked/that stood out for me.", "\n\nWhy should you read this book?", "\nThis book is, as it says on the back cover, a funny combination of Pride and Prejudice and Bridget Jones’s Diary… which is weird since the latter is merely a modern retelling/spin of the former. ", "Told in first person from Philomena and Inigo’s perspectives, it is amusing and frothy; a great book to read on a lazy Sunday afternoon. ", "It does not take itself seriously in the least. ", "After all, the heroine is proposed to in the water closet. ", "Twice. ", "I’m not sure if writers would want to emulate this book, however, because it is so very frothy with almost nothing to make you want to read it again. ", "From what I understand, however, this is a departure from Mullany’s typical writing style so perhaps I shouldn’t judge too fast. ", "I do know that based on this sample, I’m not terribly inclined to read anything else by her, despite my enjoying it.", "\n\nSo, read this book to know what not to do: don’t make disposable characters, or an entirely goofy cast of characters, or a plot built on the assumption your audience read Pride and Prejudice. ", "Do read this book for an example of comedic writing. ", "For those of you thinking to self-publish your work, this is an excellent example of a well-thought cover, as it is the original reason why I picked up the book in the first place. ", "Always remember, marketing is so important!", "\n\nIf you’re trying to make it big as a self-publisher, investing in your marketing is key. ", "Don’t just slap a picture as your cover or use some template, hire a design team! ", "Not only will they give you a great cover, they’ll also give you ideas about bookmarks and business cards (which you can leave in library books similar to your own book), posters, postcards, etc. ", "Look at the following companies for a headstart to a great marketing plan.", "\n\nDunn+Associates Design: book cover design, speaker material. ", "From start to finish, we design so that you SELL. ", "You not only get a dynamic cover look, you walk away with a powerful set of marketing tools. ", "It’s the way we design your cover and your self-publishing brand that gets readers, reviewers, distributors, bookstores, and more, to all say YES! ", "You hit the streets running with proven tools for promoting your book straight to the top.", "\n\nHey, John Edwards went through them, why not you?", "\n\nBook Cover Express: book cover designer, book cover artists. ", "Book Cover Express offers a full range of services, including free Bookland EAN barcodes. ", "We can create any size book cover and format it to your printer’s specifications. ", "All this, with an author-friendly, work-for-hire contract.", "\n\nDan Poynter from ParaPublishing says this company should be “added to your production company,” and I must admit, the covers do look pretty nice.", "\n\nYes, I accept e-mails from AuthorHouse even though they were sued for libel because they accepted a self-published author’s book which had been rejected by another self-publishing company for libel. ", "I accept e-mails from AuthorHouse even though their contract is less than stellar. ", "I accept e-mails from AuthorHouse because they sometimes (SOMETIMES) send helpful information like the following:\n\nSink or Sell: Creating a Title They Won’t Want To Throw Back\n\nYou labor over every word. ", "You make sure all stylistic elements are perfect. ", "Yet, the first words of your book most people read will be the title. ", "It is important to give as much care and thought to your title as any other part of your book. ", "Here are some helpful tips on creating a sell-worthy title:\n\nResearch your title idea/concept: Scope out your proposed title on e-commerce Web sites, like Amazon.com. ", "If there are many like it, you may want to rethink your title. ", "Otherwise, your book could get lost in a sea of similarity.", "\n\nAvoid an excessively long title: If I can’t remember it, I won’t be able to tell others about it, plus the type size on the cover will be too small to read.", "\n\nSpeak to potential readers to pique their curiosity: There may be a phrase or word that resonates with your target audience. ", "If so, consider using it in your title.", "\n\nReward the reader of your title: Make sure your title gives some hint of what readers will find within the pages of your book.", "\n\nConsider the language you’ll use: Positive language makes your book more likely to be well-received by your audience. ", "Avoiding unnecessary profanity may also sit well with your readers.", "\n\nBookselling is competitive—plan to take 1st Place: Your book is in a marketplace with thousands of other authors trying to do the same thing you are: sell your book. ", "You want your title to spark curiosity and cause the reader to continue being attentive to your work.", "\n\nBe true: Sure, you want your book to catch attention, but by using a title that has nothing to do with your book, you’ll risk betraying your audience.", "\n\nTake a break: Let your proposed book title sit with you for a day or two. ", "See what you think about it the next day and if it’s still resonates with you.", "\n\nGive your friends the title test: Find out what your friends and family have to say about your title. ", "Does it pique their interest—or confuse them? ", "They’ll let you know their honest thoughts and this may help you ultimately decide if the title really fits your book.", "\n\nEmail Updates\n\nSign up to the newsletter to know about new releases and promotions before anyone else (ad hoc schedule). ", "Sign up to the blog if you prefer to get emailed every time my blog is updated (monthly schedule).", "\n\nI use your e-mail address to send the occasional “enticement” only. ", "I respect your privacy and mailbox!", "\n\nEmail *\n\nSelect list(s):\n\nNewsletter\n\nBlog\n\nFacebook Updates\n\nFrom @ohiohistory: \"Happy Memorial Day! ", "Did you know that Ironton is home to the nation’s oldest continuously-running Memorial Day Parade? ", "Every year since 1868, thousands gather along Ironton’s streets to honor veterans that have died while serving in the armed forces. ", "The Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.), a fraternal…" ]

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[ "How does a woman reconcile her quest for gender equality with her quest for glory?", "\n\nI’m not like most other women. ", "I love bingeing on chicken wings and throwing back a few beers, I wear combat boots instead of heels, and I’m immortal. ", "Girls may glance at me sideways for this, but it’s just who I am. ", "Always have been more of a guy’s girl and also immortal. ", "It’s not that I’m not a feminist; it’s just that I constantly find myself in competition with other women—for men, at work, in a seemingly never-ending quest for ultimate knowledge. ", "It takes up all my time and energy, and I just don’t know that I have enough empathy left over to support other women.", "\n\nFrankly, doing so would get in the way of my quest of becoming the Highlander.", "\n\nDo you know what it’s like to be pressured by society to tell another woman she looks good when she might also be waiting for a chance to slay you and drain your life-force? ", "It’s fucking exhausting.", "\n\nFeminism as a movement really speaks to me, because I don’t want to be treated like an object or a stereotype of a person; I want to be treated like the individual I am—a bloodthirsty killer who will do anything for a quickening. ", "I know so many women who don’t even know they can achieve a quickening. ", "It’s sad and points to a lack of education around women’s immortality and what we can achieve when we know ourselves and behead our partner. ", "Or a perfect stranger who is very clearly also immortal. ", "There is nothing wrong with murdering somebody you only met that night and we shouldn’t judge women for that sort of personal choice.", "\n\nWomen shouldn’t be ashamed of telling people their number. ", "When I talk to a woman with a high number, I’m like, “Damn girl, your thoughts will forever be consumed with the cries of the dead. ", "Killin’ the game.”", "\n\nThis is how society should treat all female immortals.", "\n\nOn the other hand, there can only be one. ", "So while I’m giving major compliments and paying tribute to the mighty, there’s also a big part of me that’s like, “Okay, so now it’s weird because we both want to absorb the invaluable lessons and skills of the other via decapitation, and we should just be real about that.”", "\n\nIt’s like I can’t just be happy for another immortal woman without wishing it was me awash in the glow of a recent quickening instead of her, or picturing the look on her face right before I deal my final blow. ", "I just always reach this point with those kinds of women when we both realize we’re thinking about killing each other, and it makes it really hard not to be catty. ", "I want women to succeed and I think it’s important for all of us to band together and demand equality, but I also want to soak the streets in the blood of my frenemies.", "\n\nIt’s hard to be sworn to the sisterhood when you’re already sworn to the sword, but being a better feminist is a process, and I’ll keep living and learning, which will get increasingly easier as I consume the wisdom of those who have fallen before me. ", "Because, in the end, we’re all in this together—and only one of us will survive." ]

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[ " If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to\n revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.", "\n\n\n\n\n STATE OF MICHIGAN\n\n COURT OF APPEALS\n\n\n\nPIONEER STATE MUTUAL INSURANCE UNPUBLISHED\nCOMPANY, November 14, 2019\n\n Plaintiff/Counterdefendant-\n Appellant,\n\nv No. ", "343716\n Livingston Circuit Court\nROY ALAN SHADOWENS and JULIE SIXBEY, LC No. ", "17-029444-CK\n\n Defendants/Counterplaintiffs-\n Appellees,\nand\n\nANDREW JOHN BARTEL-SIXBEY,\n\n Defendant,\nand\n\nSTATE FARM MUTUAL INSURANCE\nCOMPANY,\n\n Intervening Defendant-Appellee.", "\n\n\nBefore: O’BRIEN, P.J., and GADOLA and REDFORD, JJ.", "\n\nPER CURIAM.", "\n\n In this suit for declaratory relief to rescind an automobile no-fault policy, plaintiff,\nPioneer State Mutual Insurance Company (Pioneer), appeals by right the trial court’s order\ndenying Pioneer’s motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10), and granting\nsummary disposition for defendants, Roy Alan Shadowens, Julie Sixbey (defendants), and\nintervening-defendant, State Farm Mutual Insurance Company (State Farm), under MCR\n2.116(I)(2). ", "For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.", "\n\n\n\n\n -1-\n\f I. FACTS\n\n Sixbey and Shadowens are married, but Sixbey retained her maiden name. ", "Sixbey had a\nson from a previous relationship, Andrew Bartel-Sixbey, who had moved out of defendants’\nhome in approximately 2005. ", "Testimony established that Bartel-Sixbey was a drug addict who\nmoved from home to home over the years, and had his driver’s license suspended or revoked\nsince 2006.", "\n\n Pioneer issued defendants a no-fault automobile insurance policy in 2008. ", "In the\napplication, Shadowens did not list Bartel-Sixbey as a member of his household, and denied that\nanyone living with him had a suspended or revoked license. ", "Since 2008, Shadowens has\nrenewed the policy every six months.", "\n\n In 2011, Pioneer learned that Bartel-Sixbey was using defendants’ home address on his\nidentification card. ", "Pioneer threatened to cancel defendants’ policy, but Sixbey denied that\nBartel-Sixbey lived at the home and had him change the address on his identification. ", "Following\nthe change, Pioneer did not cancel the policy.", "\n\n Testimony established that defendants allowed Bartel-Sixbey to stay with them for two or\nthree months in either 2012 or 2013, but defendants did not inform Pioneer of this. ", "Shadowens\neventually kicked Bartel-Sixbey from the home because he stole from him.", "\n\n In September 2016, Bartel-Sixbey drove Sixbey’s Jeep, insured by Pioneer, with Sixbey\nriding in the passenger seat. ", "Bartel-Sixbey was apparently under the influence of narcotics at the\ntime. ", "Bartel-Sixbey crossed the centerline and crashed into a car being driven by Amanda\nMartlock, whose insurer was State Farm. ", "After Martlock sued Bartel-Sixbey and Sixbey,\nPioneer filed this lawsuit seeking to rescind defendants’ insurance policy, and State Farm\nintervened as Martlock’s insurer.", "\n\n In March 2018, Pioneer moved for summary disposition. ", "It argued that defendants\ncommitted fraud by not disclosing that Bartel-Sixbey had resided with them for a few months in\n2012 or 2013, and maintained that this fraud warranted rescission of the insurance policy. ", "The\ntrial court denied the motion and, after determining that the undisputed facts showed that Pioneer\ncould not establish its claim for fraud, granted summary disposition in favor of defendants under\nMCR 2.116(I)(2).", "\n\n II. ", "STANDARD OF REVIEW\n\n On appeal, Pioneer argues that the trial court erred when it denied its motion for summary\ndisposition. ", "This Court reviews de novo a trial court’s decision on a motion for summary\ndisposition. ", "See Barnard Mfg Co, Inc v Gates Performance Engineering, Inc, 285 Mich App\n362, 369; 775 NW2d 618 (2009). ", "This Court also reviews de novo whether the trial court\nproperly construed a contractual agreement, see Conlin v Upton, 313 Mich App 243, 254; 881\nNW2d 511 (2015), and whether the trial court properly applied Michigan’s common law, see\nRoberts v Salmi, 308 Mich App 605, 613; 866 NW2d 460 (2014).", "\n\n\n\n\n -2-\n\f III. ", "ANALYSIS\n\n A motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests the factual sufficiency\nof a claim. ", "See Maiden v Rozwood, 461 Mich 109, 120; 597 NW2d 817 (1999). ", "That rule\nentitles the moving party to summary disposition if it demonstrates that “there is no genuine\nissue as to any material fact” and that it “is entitled to judgment . . . ", "as a matter of law.” ", "MCR\n2.116(C)(10). ", "Under MCR 2.116(I)(2), “If it appears to the court that the opposing party, rather\nthan the moving party, is entitled to judgment, the court may render judgment in favor of the\nopposing party.”", "\n\n When Pioneer moved for summary disposition, it argued that there was no genuine issue\nof fact that the insureds committed silent fraud by not disclosing that Bartel-Sixbey lived with\nthem in 2012 or 2013. ", "Alternatively, Pioneer argued that defendants committed actionable fraud\nby not disclosing that Bartel-Sixbey lived with them at the time they renewed their policy in\n2012 or 2013. ", "But regardless of how the fraud came about, Pioneer asked the trial court to\nrescind the entire policy based on defendants’ fraud. ", "Defendants and State Farm, on the other\nhand, asked the trial court to deny Pioneer’s motion and grant them summary disposition under\nMCR 2.116(I)(2) because, according to them, Pioneer had no evidence to establish fraud and, in\nany event, the alleged fraud did not relate to the agreement at issue.", "\n\n Insurance contracts are governed by both statutory provisions and the common law. ", "See\nBazzi v Sentinel Ins Co, 502 Mich 390, 399; 919 NW2d 20 (2018). ", "Although there are statutory\nprovisions that limit an insurer’s ability to cancel or rescind a policy, the no-fault act does not\npreclude an insurer from rescinding a contract on the basis of fraud. ", "Id. at 401. ", "Thus, an insurer\nmay seek rescission of a contract on the basis of fraudulent or innocent misrepresentation, or\nsilent fraud. ", "See Titan Ins Co v Hyten, 491 Mich 547, 555-558; 817 NW2d 562 (2012).", "\n\n A. SILENT FRAUD\n\n Pioneer argued that defendants engaged in silent fraud by failing to disclose that Bartel-\nSixbey lived with them for a few months in 2012 or 2013 because defendants allegedly had a\nduty to inform Pioneer of any changes in their household between renewals.", "\n\n In order to establish silent fraud as a ground for rescission, Pioneer had to establish that\ndefendants had a legal or equitable duty to disclose a particular fact, that they knew the fact and\nfailed to disclose it, that they intended Pioneer to act on their failure to disclose the information,\nand that Pioneer acted in reliance on the undisclosed information to its detriment. ", "See McMullen\nv Joldersman, 174 Mich App 207, 213; 435 NW2d 428 (1988). ", "A party has a legal duty to\ndisclose a fact when he or she contractually agrees to disclose a particular fact, and has an\nequitable duty to disclose a fact when the other party has directly inquired or expressed a\nparticularized concern about a fact such that the party’s silence in the face of the inquiry or\nconcern would create a false impression. ", "See M&D, Inc v WB McConkey, 231 Mich App 22, 29,\n33; 585 NW2d 33 (1998). ", "A party also has an equitable duty to disclose later acquired\ninformation that renders a previous representation misleading or untrue, see id., but that duty\nonly lasts until the parties consummate the agreement, see US Fidelity & Guaranty Co v Black,\n412 Mich 99, 127; 313 NW2d 77 (1981). ", "The duty to disclose applies generally to fiduciaries\nand certain relationships, but there is no duty to disclose in the ordinary contract setting except\n\n -3-\n\fwhen a party is responding to a specific inquiry. ", "See Toering v Glupker, 319 Mich 182, 187; 29\nNW2d 277 (1947).", "\n\n In their policy, the parties agreed that Pioneer was relying on the truth of Shadowens’\nstatements in the application and declarations, which were incorporated into the policy. ", "In the\noriginal 2008 application, Shadowens represented that neither he nor “any person” living with\nhim had had his or her license or motor vehicle privileges suspended, restricted, limited, or\nrevoked. ", "The parties also agreed that Pioneer could not cancel the policy except under certain\nlimited circumstances, one such circumstances being if “[a]ny driver who lives with you” has\nhad his or her license suspended or revoked “[d]uring the policy period” or “[s]ince the last\nanniversary of the original effective date” if the policy is for other than one year.", "\n\n There was evidence that defendants allowed Bartel-Sixbey to stay with them on an\nintermittent basis before 2012 or 2013, and that he stayed with them for two or three months in\n2012 or 2013. ", "There was also evidence that Pioneer intended to enforce the provision of the\nparties’ agreement that allowed Pioneer to cancel defendants’ policy if a person with a suspended\nor revoked license lived with defendants. ", "The e-mail exchange with the agent for defendants\ndemonstrated that Pioneer acted to cancel the policy in 2011 when it discovered that Bartel-\nSixbey’s state identification listed defendants’ address as his home address. ", "Pioneer only\nrefrained from canceling the policy after Sixbey presented proof that Bartel-Sixbey had changed\nthe address on his identification card. ", "Despite this evidence, Pioneer failed to establish that\ndefendants had a duty to disclose to Pioneer that Bartel-Sixbey lived with them for two or three\nmonths in 2012 or 2013.", "\n\n Pioneer asserts in its brief that defendants had an “obligation and duty . . . ", "to inform\n[Pioneer] of any change in the household,” but it does not identify any contractual duty or law in\nsupport of that proposition. ", "The common-law duty to disclose newly acquired information\nexpires with the consummation of the agreement. ", "See US Fidelity & Guaranty, 412 Mich at 127.", "\nDefendants had a duty to fully and accurately respond to direct inquires by Pioneer, see Toering,\n319 Mich at 187; M&D, Inc, 231 Mich App at 29, but, unlike the 2011 incident involving Bartel-\nSixbey’s address change, Pioneer failed to present evidence that it made any direct inquiries in\n2012 or 2013. ", "Absent such evidence, Pioneer’s contention that “a duty arose which required\n[defendants] to inform [Pioneer] of the addition of Bartel-Sixbey to the household” in 2012 or\n2013 is legally incorrect. ", "The trial court properly concluded that defendants are entitled to\nsummary disposition as a matter of law on Pioneer’s theory of silent fraud for failure to disclose\nbecause Pioneer failed to establish that defendants had a legal or equitable duty to disclose that\nBartel-Sixbey stayed with them for two or three months in 2012 or 2013.", "\n\n B. ACTIONABLE FRAUD\n\n Pioneer also argues that the evidence establishes, at the very least, a question of fact\nwhether Bartel-Sixbey was living with defendants when they renewed their policy in 2012 or\n2013, and that defendants’ failure to disclose this information when renewing their contract\namounted to actionable fraud. ", "As explained by our Supreme Court:\n\n [t]he general rule is that to constitute actionable fraud it must appear: (1) That\n defendant made a material representation; (2) that it was false; (3) that when he\n\n -4-\n\f made it he knew that it was false, or made it recklessly, without any knowledge of\n its truth and as a positive assertion; (4) that he made it with the intention that it\n should be acted upon by plaintiff; (5) that plaintiff acted in reliance upon it; and\n (6) that he thereby suffered injury. [", "Titan Ins Co, 491 Mich at 555 (quotation\n marks and citation omitted; alteration in Titan Ins Co).]", "\n\n As stated, there was evidence that defendants allowed Bartel-Sixbey to stay with them for\ntwo or three months in 2012 or 2013. ", "Pioneer also presented evidence that defendants renewed\ntheir policy with Pioneer throughout 2012 and 2013, and none of the declarations from those\nrenewals listed Bartel-Sixbey as a driver. ", "Pioneer contends that, from this evidence, a jury could\nreasonably conclude that Bartel-Sixbey was living with defendants at a time they renewed their\npolicy with Pioneer, and that defendants’ failure to disclose this information when renewing their\npolicy amounted to actionable fraud.", "\n\n We conclude, however, that this evidence is insufficient to create a question of fact\nwhether Bartel-Sixbey lived with defendants on the date of a particular contract renewal in 2012\nor 2013, such that their failure to update the statements in the application or declarations page\nwould amount to a misrepresentation in the procurement of the renewal. ", "There is simply no\nevidence in the record to support that Bartel-Sixbey was living with defendants at a time when\nthey renewed their policy. ", "Such a conclusion would be speculation or conjecture—“an\nexplanation consistent with known facts or conditions, but not deducible from them as a\nreasonable inference.” ", "Skinner v Square D Co, 445 Mich 153, 164; 516 NW2d 475 (1994)\n(quotation marks and citation omitted). ", "While Bartel-Sixbey living with defendants when they\nrenewed their policy in 2012 or 2013 would be consistent with evidence that he stayed with them\nfor two or three months in 2012 or 2013, there is no way to reasonably infer that, because Bartel-\nSixbey lived with defendants in 2012 or 2013, he was living with them when they renewed their\npolicy. ", "Pioneer’s theory “is, at best, just as possible as another theory,” and Pioneer does not\nafford a reasonable factual basis to conclude that, “more likely than not,” its analysis is correct.", "\nId. at 164, 165. ", "Thus, Pioneer’s “proffered evidence constitutes only a mere possibility, which is\ninsufficient to raise a material question of fact” and survive summary disposition. ", "Karbel v\nComerica Bank, 247 Mich App 90, 107; 635 NW2d 69 (2001) (quotation marks and citation\nomitted). ", "Because Pioneer is unable to establish a question of fact for its claim of actionable\nfraud, the trial court properly granted summary disposition for defendants on that claim.", "\n\n C. SEPARATE RENEWAL CONTRACTS\n\n The trial court granted summary disposition to defendants because it believed that every\npolicy renewal was a separate and distinct contract from other renewals, such that any\nmisrepresentation in a prior renewal did not affect coverage so long as there were no\nmisrepresentations in the most recent renewal. ", "The court concluded that, even if defendants\nfailed to disclose that Bartel-Sixbey was living with them when they renewed their policy in\n2012 or 2013, it could not affect their coverage at the time of the accident because Pioneer failed\nto present evidence that Bartel-Sixbey was living with defendants when they last renewed their\npolicy before the accident. ", "We decline to decide whether this reasoning was proper because\nPioneer failed to establish a question of fact whether defendants committed any fraud in 2012 or\n2013 in the first instance. ", "Thus, even if the trial court’s reasoning was error, we would affirm its\n\n\n -5-\n\fdecision because it would have reached the correct result. ", "See Smith v Twp of Forester, 323\nMich App 146, 152; 913 NW2d 662 (2018).", "\n\n IV. ", "CONCLUSION\n\n In sum, Pioneer failed to establish that any of Shadowens’ statements in his original\napplication or renewals constituted misrepresentations, and it did not show that Shadowens or\nSixbey breached any duty to disclose information to Pioneer. ", "Consequently, Pioneer failed to\nestablish that there was any evidence to support a claim of silent or actionable fraud. ", "See Titan\nIns Co, 491 Mich at 555-558. ", "Because there was no evidence that defendants improperly\nwithheld information that they had a duty to disclose or otherwise made a misrepresentation to\nPioneer, the trial court did not err when it denied Pioneer’s motion for summary disposition and\ngranted summary disposition in favor of defendants. ", "Barnard Mfg, 285 Mich App at 374-375.", "\n\n Affirmed.", "\n\n\n\n /s/ Colleen A. O’Brien\n /s/ Michael F. Gadola\n /s/ James Robert Redford\n\n\n\n\n -6-\n\f" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to set focus on element\n\nI am a noob...\nI have a form with an input box (textfield) and submit button. ", "what I am trying to do is when the submit button is pressed, I would like for the focus to go back to the text field for the next input. ", "\nI have tried the following codes - none worked:\n\ndocument.getElementByID(\"textfield\").focus();\nonsubmit\nonblur\n\nand a function statement (in the code below)\n <!", "DOCTYPE html>\n <html>\n <head>\n <title>title</title>\n\n </head>\n <body>\n\n <form method=\"POST\" action=\"mon_am.php\">\n <input type=\"text\" name=\"mon_am\">\n <input type=\"submit\" name=\"submit\" onblur=\"focusMethod()\"> \n\n </form>\n <script> \n focusMethod = function getFocus() \n { \n $(\"input[name='mon_am']\").focus();\n } \n </script>\n </body>\n </html>\n\nAny assistance would be greatly appreciated\n\nA:\n\nWhen you submit a form, the page reloads. ", " Consider adding focus to the form when the page loads (Which gives the advantage of being ready for the user the first time they visit the page). ", " Change your field to include an id:\n<input type=\"text\" name=\"mon_am\" id=\"mon_am\">\n\nAnd in your script tag, add:\nwindow.onload = function() {\n document.getElementById(\"mon_am\").focus();\n};\n\n" ]

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[ "Data drives so much of what we do here at Grubhub. ", "Every order, every dish you search for, every favorited restaurant tell us something about our diners and what they want to eat. ", "But there’s two types of data: the source data we gather and provide when a customer orders from one of our apps and the compiled data our analysts use to improve our apps.", "\n\nThese two sets of data contain the same information but differ in form and scope. ", "When you open up Grubhub.com looking to order pad thai, you see your favorite restaurants, search results for restaurants for that provide pad thai, and your previous orders that may or may not have been pad thai. ", "When an analysts looks at data, they want to see when people order pad thai the most, what restaurants are most popular for pad thai, and which diners regularly order pad thai.", "\n\nAs you can see, the source data serves a single data point and needs to serve it fast. ", "Analytics data gathers data from a lot of points — not only different production systems, but CRM systems, customer care systems, third party analytics, etc. ", "Pulling everything into one spot is very powerful, but it can be resource heavy and slow.", "\n\nTo get from our source data to analytics data without affecting performance for our diners requires a data pipeline.", "\n\nBuilding a data pipeline\n\nFor the last few years, the standard business practice was to setup an ETL pipeline. ", "The steps are:\n\nExtract: take data from a source system.", "\n\nTransform: modify the data in some way. ", "This can be renaming fields, combining data, calculating metrics, refactoring to a different granularity, etc.", "\n\nLoad: save the data to a new (target) system.", "\n\nNot all companies need to build this kind of pipeline. ", "If you are a young company/startup and still have questions about your product and market fit, do not spend any time setting up a sophisticated pipeline. ", "All you need is a set of SQL scripts that run as a cron job against the production data at a low traffic period and a spreadsheet.", "\n\nBut once your product has found a market, you’re going to want to grow your share of that market. ", "It’s at this growth stage where laying down some more dedicated infrastructure for data pipelining and analytics starts to make sense. ", "Your customers give you data every day; analytics helps you use that data to drive improvements to your product.", "\n\nHow your pipelines and analytics are constructed is going to vary on your use case and scale. ", "However there are some patterns to follow.", "\n\nThe start of your pipeline will be your customer-facing source data. ", "We mostly use Cassandra, as it performs fast in high-availability environments while allowing seamless multi-region warehouses. ", "But it’s not indexed, which means we tailor each database for each customer query. ", "Even if you use an indexed database like MySQL, you don’t want these databases constantly bombarded with requests, potentially affecting customer experiences.", "\n\nThat’s where the first step, extract, comes in. ", "Most companies set up some sort of scheduler to execute various pieces of code, called jobs. ", "During slow periods, these jobs run and extract all of the data gathered during the day. ", "Again, this data comes from production systems, CRM systems, third party data providers, custom care interactions, and more.", "\n\nOnce you’ve extracted that data, another set of jobs comes through and transforms it using any amount of business logic. ", "Personally, I think transform is the most critical step in the entire process. ", "If you take enough due diligence to be consistent in naming, provide accurate timestamps (in the right timezones!), ", "filter out junk data, obfuscate sensitive information, calculate baseline metrics, and provide enough numbers for new metrics to be calculated, the discoverability and usability of the data in the warehouse increases tenfold. ", "In turn, this increases the efficiency of everybody analyzing the data in the warehouse.", "\n\nFinally, a job loads this transformed data into a data warehouse that your analysts can access when they need to. ", "Because this warehouse doesn’t face customers, it can perform slower.", "\n\nThere are plenty of enterprise solutions doing ETL like this. ", "The various cloud providers have offerings to help set this up, plus there are plenty of good open source tools that can be installed and customized to your environment.", "\n\nThe limits of traditional ETL\n\nThis sort of pattern worked well for many years for us, and continues to work for hundreds of companies. ", "It pulls all data into one place and provides excellent separations between the transactional system and the analytical system. ", "However, there are some pitfalls to be aware of.", "\n\nFirst and foremost, every piece of data that needs to flow into the data warehouse will have some sort of code that goes along with it. ", "This can result in the following issues:\n\nLong wait times and backlogs to get data from source into the data warehouse.", "\n\nChanges at the source could break jobs, which impacts the business and can lead to developer burnout. ", "Constantly fixing breakages is no fun.", "\n\nDifficulties in QAing data accuracy against un-transformed raw data.", "\n\nTypically this is done in batch mode, which means all the data will be processed at once on some regular basis (typically a day, but could be hourly or weekly). ", "As the amount of data increases, this puts strains on the systems and can cause performance failures. ", "When this happens, your data pipeline can be more trouble than it’s worth.", "\n\nYou can address some of these pitfalls in a number of ways. ", "The first way is to get rid of the complex workflow engine that transforms the source data. ", "Throw together a few SQL scripts, and/or use one of the various SaaS providers to pull data in from the source and put them in the warehouse. ", "Then transforms are done on query or built into the different views you setup.", "\n\nThis eliminates the resource-intensive transformation portion of the ETL pipeline. ", "Your data moves directly to the data warehouse, where it can be accessed as needed by analyst queries. ", "No backlogs, no broken transform jobs, no QA nightmares. ", "Just the data, all in one place.", "\n\nFor a company in the middle of a growth stage, this is a completely appropriate milestone. ", "You may still have plenty of unknowns in the data and business model which make the transform queries change rapidly. ", "Your source data may be changing just as rapidly. ", "Your data pipeline needs to be flexible enough to adapt to this change. ", "You can use third party services or some very generic scripts to pull in the data and will ensure the reliability of the pipeline.", "\n\nHowever, as your business crystalizes, your metrics get more complex and the amount of data you have starts growing exponentially. ", "You’ll want to codify key metrics and data points in a standard fashion to maintain reliability across your growing organization. ", "Just loading all of your data into a warehouse and hoping that the queries built on top of it remain consistent won’t cut it. ", "You’ll need some way to manage the data before analysis.", "\n\nHowever, injecting a scheduler workflow before that data warehouse (as in the ETL flow above) could potentially compromise some of the pieces already built. ", "So to get transform processes in your pipeline, you can add the scheduler / workflow engine after the raw data already sits inside a data store.", "\n\nThis kind of architecture has a lot of benefits:\n\nData governance becomes easier, as access controls can be different between the raw data and the transformed data.", "\n\nThe transformations allow for active development and pre-calculation of important business metrics.", "\n\nEach piece in the pipeline (shown above) is much easier to scale.", "\n\nThis pipeline isn’t for everybody — there is definitely some complexity and cost associated with this architecture. ", "You should have already reached some amount of scale before laying this out. ", "However, it’s a good pattern to keep in mind as you are setting up your pipeline, as your early decisions will make this kind of architecture either difficult to setup or easy.", "\n\nYou can make these pipeline transitions much smoother by creating an explicit interface — usually an API contract — between your production application and your data. ", "This lets you develop for the business needs of your application and the data in parallel. ", "These contracts can make getting data in and out of your warehouse much smoother as your business needs grow and mature. ", "Realtime/streaming data becomes easier to adopt when your business is ready for it.", "\n\nWithout this explicit interface, your production schema becomes the de facto interface. ", "At that point, you’re stuck with it without some serious rework. ", "Development work can be slow as every change on both sides of the pipeline needs to account for the existing schema. ", "The pipeline itself can become very brittle, as every change to application data can break the pipeline. ", "As companies grow, more engineers means more opportunities to forget to communicate changes.", "\n\nHow we pipeline at Grubhub\n\nAt Grubhub, we currently have a pretty typical ETL pipeline setup with a homegrown ETL scheduler that populates Amazon Redshift. ", "But we found that this pipeline started to become cumbersome to maintain as we started to reach some amount of scale. ", "Also it became difficult to track where transformations were happening. ", "So we are transitioning to something that looks more like the last architecture presented above.", "\n\nOur new architecture extracts data into a data lake on Amazon’s S3. ", "Then, our scheduler — Azkaban — transforms the data for analysis. ", "Azkaban both populates the raw data lake as well as our data warehouse, for which we use Hive. ", "We have an excellent team of data engineers that works closely with our business users to come up with a defined set of transformations to present as our standard business object.", "\n\nThis allows us to decouple the source ingestion from the business level transformations. ", "Allowing one set of engineering to concentrate on optimizing the flow from our production system into Hive tables and another set of engineers working on optimizing the data for the business.", "\n\nAlso this means that as services are spun up on our excellent microservice architecture the access to source data is almost immediately available. ", "This allow for insights into the data before engineers can transform it. ", "Mitigating the downsides of the traditional ETL where business users would have to wait week or even days before measuring a new piece of the business.", "\n\nIn closing\n\nETL pipelines are constructed so we can get faster insights into the business from our data. ", "This is true no matter the scale. ", "The architecture of the pipeline will depend on the scale of the business as well as how well the company has reached product/market fit. ", "It’s valuable to know all kinds of architecture so you can pick what is appropriate for you today, but also put down building blocks for what may be coming up in the future.", "\n\nWe’re still learning and growing our pipeline here at Grubhub as well, and we’ve definitely learned from some mistakes along the way. ", "We’d love to hear from you on how you’ve architecture your pipeline and answer any question you have on how you may want to approach your pipeline today." ]

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[ "How long does a Trademark last?", "\n\nRegion: OntarioAnswer Number: 310\n\nA registered trademark is valid for 15 years from the date of registration, and can be renewed every 15 years.", "\n\nTo renew a trademark the owner must pay a government renewal fee. ", "There is no limit to the number of times the trademark may be renewed. ", "A registered trademark lawyer or trademark agent can help you make sure that your trademark registration is renewed.", "\n\nNew Trademarks Act\n\nOn June 19, 2014, the new Trademarks Act received Royal Assent. ", "It is anticipated that the new Act will be proclaimed into force in 2019. ", "Under the new Act, trademarks will need to be renewed every 10 years." ]

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[ "Loud. ", "Proud. ", "Heavy\n\nLuuk Lagrange Manages To Stay Out Of The Limelight, All While Releasing Brand New Track ‘Invisible’\n\nReading the title of the song, you may think that there is a strange link between the title and the artist, and you would be right, but what you may not know, is that it literal, Luuk is invisible!", "\n\nWell, not 100% invisible, however he tries to not give his identity away frivolously, with fans left with just a name to recognize him by. ", "Luuk’s most recent release ‘Invisible’ is a homage to so many dance and EDM influences past and present, but with elements of house/techno and melodies that are dark and haunting, Luuk manages to spearhead a brand new style, giving his music an original feel.", "\n\nWith more fantastically arranged tunes yet to come, be sure to check him out:" ]

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[ "A life-size X-wing made of Legos\n\nFor those of you who prefer your “Star Wars” in 2×6 blocks, the folks at Lego have taken their design to the max. ", "Of course.", "\n\nThe starwars.com blog has a photo gallery of a 1:1 replica of the X-wing at Times Square in New York, where it was rolled out in advance of Cartoon Network’s premiere of “The Yoda Chronicles” on Wednesday. ", "It’ll then be transported to Legoland out in California.", "\n\nGo to the blog to find some great details about the creation, including that it took 32 master builders about four months to build and uses more than 5 million bricks.", "\n\nIt doesn’t say how many they stepped on in the middle of the night, which we all know is key to the Lego experience.", "\n\nJoe Nguyen is the online prep sports editor for The Denver Post. ", "He had prior worked with the Post's YourHub section, covering Adams County and Aurora. ", "His obsessions have ranged from comics books and...\n\nA nerd who is intrigued by all things extraordinary and otherworldly. ", "When he’s not working, he can be found in a small room, playing D&D, pretending to be a three-foot gnome who charges dragons while mounted on a fox." ]

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[ "Introduction {#Sec1}\n============\n\nNumerous studies^[@CR1]--[@CR5]^ have confirmed with sufficient evidence that heat-related mortality or morbidity rates is a function of ambient temperature. ", "While multiple factors affect changes in ambient temperature, heatwave and urban heat island (UHI) phenomena^[@CR6]^, in particular, are considered detrimental to mortality, especially among elderly^[@CR7]^ and low-income groups^[@CR8]--[@CR10]^ (arguably regional dependent^[@CR11]^, within cities. ", "Heatwave is a prolonged period of extremely hot weather, while UHI is characterized by excess warming of urban areas relative to its surrounding rural areas. ", "Both phenomena are interrelated^[@CR12]^ and are largely affected by time-varying background climate^[@CR13],[@CR14]^ and the level of urbanization^[@CR15]^ of a city.", "\n\nEffects of climate change to heat-related mortality or morbidity rates have been widely investigated^[@CR16]--[@CR20]^. An earlier study by Hales *et al*.^[@CR1]^ suggested that low adaptation-mitigation strategic implementations may lead to 0.1\\~0.6% heat-related excess deaths in the 2050s with Asian countries being the most vulnerable. ", "Under certain temperatures, heat-related mortality relative risk (*RR*), defined by the ratio of incidence of dying with or without exposure to extreme temperatures, was found to be a function of temperature. ", "Above a certain optimum temperature (OT), *RR* increases proportionally^[@CR21]--[@CR23]^.\n\nDespite the increasing information of *RR* globally^[@CR23]^, future heat-related mortality projections attributed to heat stress remain coarsely investigated (e.g. bulk estimates with coarse spatial resolutions of \\~30-km in France^[@CR24]^ and are few in quantity^[@CR25]^. At this coarse resolution, it makes it difficult to provide specific adaptation and mitigation measures up to a neighborhood scale. ", "Also, mapping out heat-related mortality as a function of temperature distribution is challenging because most existing weather models lack consideration of urban sprawling or population growth distributions at neighborhood scales. ", "Precise spatial mapping of heat-related health risks considering both urbanization and climate change are needed.", "\n\nA climate change study by Darmanto *et al*.^[@CR26]^ was recently conducted for the Jakarta metropolitan area while investigating the combined effects of urbanization and climate change to 2050s climate. ", "Urbanization was represented by spatial building morphological and anthropogenic emission changes, directly related to population changes. ", "In their work, they considered present (i.e. PRESENT) and two future climate change scenarios. ", "Future scenarios were defined by feasible plausible combinations of shared-socioeconomic pathways (for urbanization) and representative concentration pathways (for climate). ", "One 2050s future scenario (RCP26CC) was characterized by a condition of best adaptation and mitigation strategy implementation, low emissions, high-energy efficiency, high resilience, with controlled urban growth. ", "Another future scenario (RCP85BaU) was characterized by low adaptation and mitigation strategy implementation with unrestricted future urbanization.", "\n\nIn this work, we aim to contribute to the lack of kilometer grid-scale investigations on present and future heat-related mortality. ", "To achieve this and to overcome the challenge of fine-scale future projections of heat-related mortality, we investigated and mapped present (2010s) and future (2050s) heat-related mortality of elderly citizens in Jakarta while utilizing August temperature outputs of Darmanto *et al*.^[@CR24]^ at almost 1-km grid scales. ", "August is in the middle of the dry season^[@CR27]^ in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. ", "Jakarta, is one of the top 30 largest cities with a total population exceeding 10 million in 2015 and is projected to continually rise^[@CR28]^. Indonesia is an emerging middle-income country expecting multiple climate-change vulnerabilities^[@CR29]^. Although awareness is common for directly perceivable environmental issues such as flooding, land subsidence, and air pollution, majority of the capital's population remains potentially at risk to heatwave and urban warming due to lack in financial capacity to purchase air-conditioning^[@CR30]^ (see methods and supplementary information for the detailed explanation on the cases and the analyses process).", "\n\nResults {#Sec2}\n=======\n\nHeat-related elderly maps of Jakarta in 2010s vs 2050s {#Sec3}\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe present-day elderly population and the projected increase (= *r*65\\*pop, see methods) in Jakarta, and their corresponding heat-related death estimates are mapped out as shown in Fig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The percentage of the elderly population (persons whose ages are above 65 years) in Jakarta to its total population is expected to increase from 3.33% (PRESENT) to 22.03% (future cases) depicting an aging society (see methods). ", "The estimated total population of elderly people in Jakarta are 751127, 7348107, and 7739856 for PRESENT, RCP26CC, and RCP85BaU, respectively. ", "Incidentally, the estimated total crude deaths of elderly citizens are 53251, 520943, 548717 for PRESENT, RCP26CC, and RCP85BaU. The total August mean estimated heat-related mortality counts of elderly citizens are 1776, 22198, and 26856, for PRESENT, RCP26CC, and RCP85BaU, respectively.", "Figure 1(**a--c**) correspond to estimated elderly population per grid for PRESENT, RCP26CC, RCP85BaU, respectively. (**", "d**,**e**), f represent annual total elderly mortality count per grid for PRESENT, RCP26CC, RCP86BaU, respectively. (**", "g--i**) show August total heat-related elderly mortality count per grid for PRESENT, RCP26CC, RCP86BaU, respectively.", "\n\nComparing the absolute number of heat-related mortality between the PRESENT and future cases (RCP26CC and RCP85BaU) reveals a 2050s projected increase by 12 to 15 times of 2010s heat-related elderly mortality count. ", "This increase is closely proportional to the increase in the estimated elderly population between the 2010s and 2050s which is by a factor of 9 to 10. ", "For every 1.2 × 1.2 sq. ", "km. ", "district in Jakarta with populations greater than or equal to 1000, a mean of 0.75 ± 1.07, 8.27 ± 11.20, 9.28 ± 12.36 heat-related elderly mortality counts for PRESENT, RCP26CC, and RCP85BaU was estimated in August with larger counts at more populated areas. ", "These significant differences suggest that the large population increase of vulnerable elderly citizens plays a dominant role in the drastic increase of heat-related mortality counts.", "\n\nInterestingly, the proportion of August total heat-related mortality counts of elderly citizens to the annual total elderly population crude death varies for each case with RCP85BaU having the highest proportion of 4.89%, followed by RCP26CC of 4.26%, and the PRESENT of 3.33%. ", "This increasing proportion from the 2010s to 2050s is caused by the increasing hazard due to rising daily maximum temperatures under the assumed climate change pathways (see the daytime maximum temperature in methods and supplementary information). ", "Comparing the proportions of the future cases, RCP26CC is lower by 17.34% compared to RCP85BaU. As mentioned earlier, the future scenario represented by RCP26CC is a pathway by which the government strongly imposes aggressive plans for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. ", "If the Indonesian government imposes aggressive mitigation and adaptation strategies as defined by the RCP 2.6 climate scenario (e.g. compact city), expected casualties in the future reduce by 17.34% compared to the worst-case (RCP 8.5) scenario.", "\n\nMortality impact of future warming in Jakarta to present-day elderly population under extreme (RCP 8.5) and controlled (RCP 2.6) future climate scenarios {#Sec4}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nExacerbated by the increase in August daily maximum temperature (0.51 ± 0.36 °C and 1.16 ± 0.38 °C for RCP26CC and RCP85BaU, respectively) at populated areas, a drastic increase in estimated heat-related elderly mortality count in 2050s is driven by the projected increase in the vulnerable elderly population mentioned in Sect. ", "2.1. ", "To investigate the effect of climate change on the mortality count without the influence of population aging, heat-related mortality of the current elderly population was estimated while considering each cases' *T*~*max*~ distribution. ", "The results are summarized in Fig.", " [2](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The grids with heat-related mortality counts of elderly citizens widen under varying future scenarios with RCP85BaU revealing an increase in heat-related mortality at sprawled areas. ", "In the PRESENT case, casualties are mostly concentrated southwest of the city center. ", "the August total heat-related elderly mortality count was 1776 (3.33% of estimated total elderly crude deaths of PRESENT), 2213 (4.16%), and 2564 (4.82%) for PRESENT, RCP26CC, and RCP85BaU, respectively, which is almost 10 times lower than when future elderly population is considered. ", "An increase in the total mortality count by a factor of 1.25 and 1.44 was found when the current population was exposed to RCP26CC and RCP85BaU climate, respectively. ", "The increase in mortality count under RCP26CC suggests that despite strict measures of the government to mitigate and adapt to climate change, heat-related risks are still to be expected for elderly citizens.", "Figure 2Estimated heat-related elderly mortality count when exposing the present-state population of elderly citizens to maximum temperatures simulated in (**a**) PRESENT, (**b**) RCP26CC, and (**c**) RCP85BaU cases for August months. ", "Uncolored grids mean zero heat-related elderly deaths.", "\n\nFuture projection of heat-related risks for climate change adaptation {#Sec5}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo locate areas that can potentially be risky in terms of future heat-related mortality and morbidity, August total heat-related mortality count of elderly citizens while assuming 1000 elderly citizens for all analyzed populated grids was estimated. ", "Figure [3](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the analyses results and the differences for each case. ", "On average, the August total heat-related mortality count of elderly citizens per 1000 elderly citizens are 2.44 ± 0.93, 2.79 ± 1.08, 3.25 ± 1.14 persons for PRESENT, RCP26CC, and RCP85BaU, respectively. ", "Vaguely noticeable when utilizing actual population distribution (Fig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), potentially risky areas, as indicated by the map of mortality count per 1000 elderly citizens (Fig.", " [3a--c](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), are located at the southwestern areas of Jakarta city where daytime maximum temperature was highest (Fig.", " [4](#Fig4){ref-type=\"fig\"}) for all cases. ", "This region is also a low-topography area situated tens of kilometers downwind from the central denser locations of Jakarta city. ", "Due to the mechanical and thermal drag effects of the dense city center, sea breeze penetration is hindered thereby reducing ventilation. ", "Moreover, with the sea breeze dominantly coming from the northeast during August months, warmer air coming from the city center tends to advected southwest from the city center (refer to the supplementary information for afternoon near-surface wind rose plots).Figure 3August total heat-related mortality count per 1000 elderly citizens per grid. (**", "a--c**) correspond to PRESENT, RCP26CC, and RCP85BaU cases. ", "A 2-dimensional histogram (**d**) shows the changes in the death toll per 1000 elderly citizens per grid from 2010s to 2050s under RCP26CC (**e**) and RCP85BaU (**f**) scenarios.", "Figure 4August-average of daily mean (**a--c**) and daily (**d--f**) maximum bias-corrected near-surface temperature at urban grids of Jakarta metropolitan area for PRESENT (**a**,**d**), RCP26CC (**b**,**e**), and RCP85BaU (**c**,**f**) cases.", "\n\nThe spatial mean increases of 0.45 ± 0.24 and 0.93 ± 0.32 individuals under RCP26CC, and RCP85BaU, respectively. ", "Although similar but with more intensified risk throughout the region, the future (2050s) shows varying degrees of increase spatially (Fig.", " [3a--c](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}) while RCP86BaU generally shows a larger increase (suggesting twice increase than that of RCP26CC at the Southwest area of Jakarta Fig.", " [3a](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Large increases are also obvious near the northern coasts of Jakarta (center of Fig.", " [3b,c](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This is possibly caused by an on-going increase in residential population and urban growth within Jakarta (i.e. infilling development) implicitly considered in the study by Darmanto *et al*.^[@CR21]^. Population increase entails more buildings and excess anthropogenic heat flux. ", "With the assumed distribution of elderly population more concentrated near the coastline of Jakarta (Fig.", " [1b,c](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), this reflects higher risks to heat-related mortality in addition to already existing environmental and social problems (e.g. subsidence). ", "From the above results, elderly citizens of Jakarta are not advised to reside near the northern coastline and southwestern areas of Jakarta in the future.", "\n\nDiscussion and Conclusion {#Sec6}\n=========================\n\nThere is an increasing demand to link scientific investigations of future climate to social impacts. ", "This work takes advantage of high-resolution climate modeling to assess heat-related health risks in cities. ", "Utilizing modeled^[@CR21]^ past and future climate to consider the effects of both urbanization and climate change in Jakarta at a kilometer-scale, heat-related mortality counts of elderly citizens were mapped in the metropolitan area.", "\n\nHeat-related mortality of the elderly in Jakarta was found to increase in the 2050s because of population growth and climate change. ", "While below 4.26\\~4.89% of the total elderly population remains at risk in August, a drastic increase in mortality count is expected throughout the region in August 2050s as the megacity experiences population aging and warmer climates. ", "Mitigation and adaptation to climate change could potentially reduce heat-related elderly casualties in the future by up to 17%. ", "Careful consideration must also be given when planning for future elderly dwellings. ", "During August when dominant sea breeze direction is northeasterly, heat-related risks are high at the downwind southwestern area of Jakarta. ", "It was also found that the northern coastal area of Jakarta will be a critical location in the future with larger risks estimated in those areas compared to other locations.", "\n\nUncertainties and limitations existed for the temporal or spatial change of the heat-related mortality relative risk. ", "In this work, only one function was considered to link the daily maximum temperature to heat-related mortality relative risks. ", "Recent investigations suggest incorporating the changes in resilience (or increasing affinity to warmer temperatures) of the elderly population with time (i.e. *RR*- *T*~*max*~ relationship is expected to time-varying). ", "When applied to mid-latitude countries with both cold and warm seasons, previous winter conditions may influence the summer-time heat mortality^[@CR23]^. \"Adaptation uncertainty\"^[@CR31],[@CR32]^, or adaptive human behavior to climate which can possibly be greater than the uncertainty in emissions and climate modeling (SSPs and RCPs), should be considered by incorporating adaptation models in heat-mortality projections. ", "Gosling *et al*.^[@CR31]^ lists various adaptation models which may be used to estimate plausible ranges of future heat-related mortality counts.", "\n\nAnother limitation is that the current work utilizes the function^[@CR33]^ derived specifically for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. ", "Although both Vietnam and Indonesia are neighboring countries, additional confirmation is needed regarding possible corrections to the relative risk function. ", "Data collection and statistical analyses of heat-related mortality and morbidity rates should be conducted specifically for Jakarta, which is currently beyond the scope of this study. ", "As the epidemiology field advances, climate-change impacts on other vulnerable population groups such as infants, young children, and underprivileged individuals will be conducted.", "\n\nFinally, awareness of heat-related mortality in Southeast Asia, where is a tropical climate with typically warm season throughout the entire year, is overshadowed by more obvious environmental calamities such as flooding after typhoons, air pollution, and others. ", "From the current findings, heat-related mortality could become more severe with urban expansion in the future. ", "The findings of this study suggest that the high-resolution weather models with space-varying and time-varying urban parameters are needed for urban climate investigations at a global scale^[@CR34]^. In this study, the methodology relies mainly on open-source modeling and commonly available global datasets (e.g. global urban expansion^[@CR35]^; thus, the methodology is readily applicable for other cities.", "\n\nMethods {#Sec7}\n=======\n\nWeather model {#Sec8}\n-------------\n\nIn an earlier work of Darmanto *et al*.^[@CR21]^, the future climate in Jakarta was modeled considering projections of urbanization and climate change. ", "The features of the climate model, as well as relevant settings to incorporate the scenarios are briefly discussed.", "\n\n### Model features {#Sec9}\n\nSimulations using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model^[@CR36]^ ver. ", "3.3.1 with a modified version^[@CR37]^ of the single-layer urban canopy model (UCM)^[@CR38]^ were conducted. ", "In the updated UCM module, a spatial distribution of roughness parameters, empirically derived using a new aerodynamic parameterization for urban surfaces^[@CR39]^, and temporal variations in anthropogenic heating can be used as inputs. ", "Through this module, urbanization characterized by detailed changes in the distribution of roughness parameters (zero-plane displacement height and roughness lengths for momentum and heat), sky-view factors, and anthropogenic heating were investigated. ", "Henceforth, the aforementioned urban-representative parameters are collectively referred to in this study as \"urban parameters\".", "\n\nClimate and urbanization scenarios {#Sec10}\n----------------------------------\n\nFuture background climate and urbanization were estimated using the concept of representative concentration pathways (RCP) and shared socio-economic pathways (SSP). ", "RCP corresponds to future climate pathways caused by four radiation forcing values by the year 2100^[@CR40]^. In this study, RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 were focused with the former corresponding to very low and the latter to very high radiation forcings, respectively. ", "Ensembles of five CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) downloaded from the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (ipcc-data.org) were calculated for each forcing. ", "Pseudo-Global Warming Method^[@CR41]^ (PGW) was used to construct the initial and lateral boundary conditions of the climate model with the base boundary conditions taken from the NCEP FNL Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses^[@CR42]^.\n\nShared-socioeconomic pathways (SSP)^[@CR43]^, SSP1 and SSP3, were used to define the level of urbanization in the future. ", "SSP1 and SSP3 were selected to represent extreme pathways for Jakarta to experience challenges in both mitigation and adaptation. ", "To estimate the urban parameters and population dataset of 2050 (see supplementary information of this manuscript and Darmanto *et al*.^[@CR26]^), a combination of historical spatial information of population, and country-level projections of GDP and total population from model outputs based on shared socio-economic pathways (SSP) were used as inputs. ", "In accordance with the SSP narratives, the urbanization level under SSP1 assumes a \"compact city\" scenario with less urban sprawling compared to the SSP3 scenario where a \"business-as-usual\" scenario prevails. ", "Grid-based urban growth probability was acquired using the SLEUTH urban growth model^[@CR44]^. The urban growth probability was used as an additional input to estimate the future distribution of population and urban parameters^[@CR45]^. A globally-available anthropogenic heat emission (AHE) dataset^[@CR46]^ was used to represent additional heating per grid (1.2 km × 1.2 km) from anthropogenic activities. ", "Using the methodology of Dong *et al*.^[@CR39]^, future map of AHE were estimated using the same approach, together with the future distribution of population and present-day nighttime lights.", "\n\n2-m air temperatures (or near-surface temperatures) from three case simulations were acquired from Darmanto *et al*.^[@CR21].^ The cases (PRESENT, RCP26CC, RCP85BaU) were selected based on their relevance to the study's purpose and are described in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "PRESENT corresponds to Jakarta's climate and urban condition from the period 2006 to 2015. ", "RCP26CC corresponds to a future climate with RCP2.6 emission scenario and urbanization level of \"compact city\" setting. ", "RCP85BaU corresponds to a future climate with RCP8.5 emission scenario and urbanization level of \"Business-as-usual\" setting. ", "Details regarding the spatial differences in urban parametric distribution among cases are available in Darmanto *et al*.^[@CR21]^.Table 1Simulation cases.", "Case namePeriodEmission forcingLocal urbanizationPRESENT2006--2015------RCP26CC2046--2055RCP2.6Compact cityRCP85BaU2046--2055RCP8.5Business-as-usual\n\nFrom the strong reliance on the aforementioned approach to SSPs, it can be said that the estimated future population, distributed urban parameters, and anthropogenic heat emissions inherently consider the influence of background climate change.", "\n\nEstimation of heat-related mortality of the elderly {#Sec11}\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n### Bias-correction of modeled temperature outputs {#Sec12}\n\nTo precisely estimate the heat-related mortality rates, inherent biases of the modeled near-surface temperature should be corrected. ", "This was conducted using 3-hourly observation data from three available weather stations surrounding Jakarta collected by Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) of Indonesia from the August months of 2006 to 2015. ", "The process of adjustment follows that of Piani *et al*.^[@CR47]^ generally used for correcting temperature and precipitation simulated by global climate models^[@CR40]^. The process relies on the calculation of a linear transfer function (TF) derived from an empirical relationship between the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the modeled and observed temperature. ", "The histogram of modeled temperature values for the August months was found to obey a Gaussian distribution^[@CR40]^. In other words, the linear transfer function can be estimated using the percent point function, readily estimated by the corrected population mean $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$({\\mu }_{i,j}^{\\ast })$$\\end{document}$ and population standard deviation $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$({\\sigma }_{obs}^{\\ast })$$\\end{document}$ of the modeled temperature values. ", "The bias-correction approach done for all grids of PRESENT, RCP26CC, and, RCP85BaU assumes the following equation for correcting the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mu }_{i,j}$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\sigma }_{i,j}$$\\end{document}$ of all grids^[@CR48]^.$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mu {\\prime} }_{i,j}={\\mu {\\prime} }_{obs}+\\frac{{\\sigma }_{obs}}{{\\sigma }_{mod}}({\\mu }_{i,j}-{\\mu }_{mod})$$\\end{document}$$$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\sigma {\\prime} }_{i,j}=\\frac{{\\sigma }_{i,j}{\\sigma }_{obs}}{{\\sigma }_{mod}}$$\\end{document}$$where *obs* and *mod* correspond to three statistical values of temperatures individually estimated from temperatures extracted from three observation stations and its nearest grid, respectively. ", "Indices *i* and *j* corresponds to the longitudinal and latitudinal model coordinates, respectively. ", "All grids of each case will, thus, have three unique values of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mu {\\prime} }_{i,j}$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\sigma {\\prime} }_{i,j}$$\\end{document}$ which are averaged to acquire $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mu }_{i,j}^{\\ast }$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\sigma }_{i,j}^{\\ast }$$\\end{document}$ for individual grids for each case. ", "Finally, grid and case-dependent linear transfer functions $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$T{F}_{i,j}^{\\ast }$$\\end{document}$ (represented by a linear equation comprised of a slope, value-to-be-adjusted, and an intercept) were calculated and used to acquire bias-corrected modeled hourly near-surface temperatures. ", "$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$T{F}_{i,j}^{\\ast }$$\\end{document}$ were estimated via the following equation,$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$T{F}_{i,j}^{\\ast }=CD{F}^{-1}({\\mu }_{i,j}^{\\ast },{\\sigma }_{i,j}^{\\ast })$$\\end{document}$$where the operation *CDF*^−1^ stands for the inverse of cumulative distribution function which utilizes the mean and standard deviation as inputs. ", "$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$T{F}_{i,j}^{\\ast }$$\\end{document}$ is in linear equation form which is comprised of the variable to be adjusted, a slope, and an intercept.", "\n\nBias-correction (Eqs.", " [1](#Equ1){ref-type=\"\"}--[3](#Equ3){ref-type=\"\"}) was done for all time steps of simulated near-surface temperatures. ", "Then, the average of daily mean and daily maximum temperature in August during the respective periods (2006--2015 for PRESENT and 2046--2055 for future cases) were calculated for all grids. ", "Distribution of the average of daily mean and daily maximum bias-corrected near-surface temperatures (*T*~*mean*~, *T*~*max*~) are shown in Fig.", " [4](#Fig4){ref-type=\"fig\"} for PRESENT, RCP26CC, and RCP85BaU. The daily maximum bias-corrected near-surface temperatures (henceforth, *T*~*max*~) throughout the study period were later used to estimate heat-related mortality rates. ", "See supplementary information for comparisons between the raw and bias-corrected outputs.", "\n\n### Optimum temperature and heat-related relative risk calculation {#Sec13}\n\nPopulation distribution of each case is required. ", "Here, the assumed procedure is discussed. ", "First, for PRESENT, population density extracted from LandScan 2013^TM^ ^[@CR49]^ was resampled via nearest neighbor to match the spatial resolution of the model which is 1.2 km × 1.2 km. ", "This process was done as well for the other cases RCP26CC and RCP85BaU. Second, a map of the elderly population (age \\>65) was estimated using the bulk projection of the elderly population proportion to that of Jakarta's total population. ", "The bulk proportion, which is broken down to age bracket, is an official estimate issued by the National Development Planning Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (Bappenas)^[@CR50]^ from the year 2020 to 2035 at 5-year intervals. ", "Regressing the data, the bulk proportion of the elderly population to the total population of each grid (*r*65) is assumed as follows,$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$r65=4{(10)}^{-48}{e}^{0.0525t}$$\\end{document}$$where *t* corresponds to the target year. ", "From analyzing statistical data provided by World Health Organization and United Nations, the crude death rate (*cdr*), which corresponds to death by all causes, specific to the elderly population was found to be equivalent to 7.09 per 100 elderly citizens per year.", "\n\n*RR* was calculated as a function of the daily maximum temperature and the optimum temperature (OT). ", "Because of the lack of *RR* function for Jakarta, the *RR* function^[@CR27]^ derived for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam was used. ", "The background climate and human development index of Jakarta closely resembles to that of Ho Chi Minh City in this study (see similarities in terms of climate and human development index in supplementary information). ", "The optimum temperature was found to be 29.4 °C above which death rates were found to increase. ", "The *RR* function which was derived for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam was used in this study is as follows,$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R{R}_{{\\rm{day}}}=\\{\\begin{array}{ll}1, & x < 0\\\\ 0.106{x}^{2}-0.0538x+1.0128, & x\\ge 0\\end{array}$$\\end{document}$$where *x* = *T*~*max*day~ -- 29.4. \"", "day\" corresponds to a specific day simulated. *", "RR*~August~ of each case was then calculated by averaging all *RR*~day~ values per grid. ", "Finally, the total heat-related deaths for August per grid (*D*~*August*~) per case were estimated by combining Eq.", " [1](#Equ1){ref-type=\"\"}, Eq.", " [2](#Equ2){ref-type=\"\"}, and *RR*~August~, and the population (*pop*) of the grid (Eq.", " [4](#Equ5){ref-type=\"\"}). ", "To avoid overestimation, only grids with a population greater than 1000 were analyzed.$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${D}_{August}=Pop\\times cdr\\times \\frac{(R{R}_{August}-1.0)}{R{R}_{August}}\\times \\frac{31}{365}$$\\end{document}$$\n\nThe whole process was conducted separately for all cases. ", "Derivation of Eq.", " [4](#Equ5){ref-type=\"\"} is explained in the supplementary information.", "\n\nResilience change of elderly people over time was not considered in the current study. ", "In some countries, the reduction of risk was observed^[@CR51],[@CR52]^ with time. \"", "adaptation uncertainty\"^[@CR31]^ must be considered in future analyses; thus, it may possibly overestimate the heat-related mortality risks.", "\n\nSupplementary information\n=========================\n\n {#Sec14}\n\nSupplementary information.", "\n\n**Publisher's note** Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.", "\n\nSupplementary information\n=========================\n\nis available for this paper at 10.1038/s41598-020-66288-z.\n\nThis research was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-14) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan and the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 17H01292.", "\n\nDr. Alvin C.G. Varquez and Dr. Nisrina S. Darmanto mainly conducted the analyses and drafted the article. ", "Prof. Tomohiko Ihara and Prof. Yasushi Honda provided their expert knowledge on heat mortality and their interpretations of the results. ", "Prof. Manabu Kanda provided the necessary environment to conduct the research and gave his expert advice regarding the urban climatological aspect of the work. ", "All authors carefully inspected the logic behind the research methodology and the discussion.", "\n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.", "\n" ]

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[ "Most real organizations have many design problems. ", "This is most explicit in engineering type organizations, but such issues are nearly as common in all organizations. ", "Any organization must make many choices regarding the design and marketing of their product or service, in how it will be financed, sourced, produced, tested, stored, transferred, priced, evaluated, etc.", "\n\nFor most such design problems, most organizations have some standard ideal design criteria. ", "The organization is supposed to search in the space of possible designs for ones expected to do well according to the ideal criteria. ", "And then adopt those better designs. ", "In profit-oriented firms, many key criteria are closely aligned with firm profit.", "\n\nAccording to the usual ideal norm in organizations, everything should be arranged to promote good designs according to the ideals. ", "For example, the people who most influence a design choice should be those with the most relevant info and the strongest incentives to get it right. ", "People should be hired and promoted according to their ability to help make good design choices. ", "Designs should be changed when circumstances suggest that the ideal design has changed. ", "And so on.", "\n\nReal organizations also have complex Machiavellian politics. ", "Coalitions form that promote their members at the expense of rivals. ", "Members are chosen for their loyalty and ability to help the coalition. ", "Coalitions sometimes reform, dropping some factions and adding others. ", "Members must show loyalty to their coalitions by visibly promoting design choices that benefit their coalition, even when that comes at the expense of the organization’s ideal design criteria.", "\n\nThis conflict between design choices that meet ideals and those that help coalitions drives may of the illusions and hypocrisies in organizations. ", "For example, people are often placed in positions of power for reasons other than their superior design competence, such as their info and abilities regarding key decisions. ", "This creates a demand to give those people the illusion of design competence.", "\n\nFor example:\n\nWhen I started at Lockheed Research in 1985, my mentor was a veteran who explained his secret for getting funding from the other Lockheed divisions:\n\nFind an idea for a project we could do for them, but don’t tell them the idea. ", "Instead break the idea into a few key parts, describe the parts to them, and let them put the parts together into the total idea. ", "They will be much more willing to fund a project that is their idea.", "\n\nA related strategy is to design a solution but then weaken it to a space of nearby solutions. ", "Tell your manager “I think something in this space should work but I can’t figure out what” and let him reinvent your particular solution point. ", "He then owns the design more, and can claim more credit for design competence.", "\n\nAs another example, as I’ve mentioned before people often pretend to ask people for advice as if they wanted info, but in fact they are seeking allies. ", "In general, boards of advisors are rarely actually asked for their advice; they are mainly chosen to add prestige to an organization.", "\n\nMeetings in organizations often take the appearance of searching for design proposals and evaluating proposals presented. ", "But in fact proposals have usually been selected beforehand, and the meeting is to create an appearance of support form them, and for the story presented about who deserves credit. ", "If a problem is presented for which a solution isn’t offered, that is probably because they don’t don’t see a solution with which they’d want to be associated, and would rather someone else take on that failure area.", "\n\nPowerful people can also create the appearance of more design competence than they actually have by pushing vague design philosophies that others can then claim to adhere to without actually greatly constraining their choices. ", "Also, powerful people can claim that complex organizational considerations require them to keep the reasons for their design choices secret. ", "Others can then just assume they must have great design competence regarding such considerations.", "\n\nIt helps to have a culture of assuming that the people with the best credentials in terms of education and prior organization and positional prestige have the most design competence. ", "Since these people happen to the those that are most useful for coalitions to put into positions of power, the conflict between power and apparent design competitions is reduced.", "\n\nCan readers think of more examples? ", "If so, I’ll add good ones to this post.", "\n\nGD Star Rating\n\nloading..." ]

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[ "Story highlights \"Sophisticated drug smuggling tunnel\" runs from an ice plant in Mexico, the DEA says\n\nArizona police traced 39 pounds of methamphetamine in a truck to the tunnel, agents say\n\nThree unnamed suspects are in custody\n\nFederal drug agents discovered a 240-yard-long tunnel underneath the U.S.-Mexico border, and they suspect it was used to smuggle drugs into Arizona for sale in the United States, officials said Thursday.", "\n\nThe \"sophisticated drug smuggling tunnel,\" which runs 55 feet below ground, begins in an ice plant in San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora, Mexico, and ends inside a one-story, nondescript building in San Luis, Arizona, according to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.", "\n\nInvestigators started watching the building in January \"after observing possible suspicious activity that indicated the site was being used as a potential stash location,\" the DEA said.", "\n\nArizona police found 39 pounds of methamphetamine inside a pickup truck stopped on Interstate 95 on July 6, which led them back to the San Luis, Arizona, building, the DEA said. ", "They got a search warrant with that information.", "\n\nJUST WATCHED Smuggling drugs through parking spaces Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Smuggling drugs through parking spaces 02:00\n\nNo drugs were found in the search of the ice plant or the building on the U.S. side, just bags and barrels of dirt, the DEA said.", "\n\nThree unnamed suspects have been arrested in connection with the tunnel, the DEA said.", "\n\n\"The recent discovery of this sophisticated drug smuggling tunnel is yet another reminder of how desperate these criminal organizations are and the extent they will go to further their drug dealing operations and endanger the security of our citizens,\" said Doug Coleman, the special agent in charge of the DEA's Phoenix, Arizona, office." ]

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[ "Mr. Wednesday, meet your new bodyguard.", "\n\nRicky Whittle (The 100) has been cast as Shadow Moon, the lead character in Starz’s upcoming Bryan Fuller/Michael Green-led adaptation of Neil Gaiman’s novel American Gods, the network announced Thursday.", "\n\nRELATED Black Sails Season 3 Exclusive: A Handy Character Guide to Starz’s Pirate Drama\n\nIn the wildly popular fantasy story, Shadow is a recently released convict who falls into a job as muscle/road-trip partner for a mysterious man — the aforementioned Mr. Wednesday. ", "As the two men travel the United States, Shadow becomes aware that a war is imminent between the country’s old gods (think: ancient mythology) and its new ones (think: modern technology) — and that his part in the proceedings has been predestined.", "\n\nIn Gaiman’s book, Shadow is from the Midwest; a statement released by the author seems to indicate that Whittle, who hails from the United Kingdom, will use his native accent in the series.", "\n\n“American Gods is, at its heart, a book about immigrants, and it seems perfectly appropriate that Shadow will, like so much else, be coming to America,” Gaiman said. “", "I’m delighted Ricky will get to embody Shadow. ", "Now the fun starts.”", "\n\nVIDEO Starz’s Outlander: Claire and Jamie Fight in That Scene from Season 2\n\nWhittle currently plays Lincoln on The CW’s The 100; no word yet on how his role on that series will be affected by the American Gods gig. ", "His other TV credits include Mistresses, NCIS, Single Ladies and the British soap Hollyoaks.", "\n\nAmerican Gods readers, how do you feel about Whittle’s casting? ", "The 100 fans, are you worried for Lincoln’s future? ", "Sound off in the comments!" ]

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[ "ided by v.\n14\nLet v = 44 + -23. ", "Suppose 0 = -2*f - 6 + 30. ", "What is the remainder when v is divided by f?", "\n9\nCalculate the remainder when 29 + 24/(-20)*5/2 is divided by 7.", "\n5\nSuppose 0*q = -2*q + 110. ", "What is the remainder when q is divided by 7?", "\n6\nCalculate the remainder when ((-18)/(-12))/(2/20) is divided by 9.", "\n6\nWhat is the remainder when 56 - (0 + 1/(2/6)) is divided by 19?", "\n15\nSuppose 5*m = -5*a + 30, m - 16 = -0*m - 3*a. ", "Suppose -5*p + 12 = 32, 2*g - p - 8 = 0. ", "Calculate the remainder when g is divided by m.\n0\nLet d = -13 - -22. ", "Suppose 4 = -x - 2*b - 1, -2*b = 6. ", "Calculate the remainder when d is divided by x - 3 - (-5 + -2).", "\n4\nWhat is the remainder when 21 is divided by 8/(-14) + 567/49?", "\n10\nWhat is the remainder when 78 is divided by (-55)/(-2) - (-1)/(-2)?", "\n24\nLet j(v) = v**3 + v + 11. ", "Let h = 6 - 6. ", "Suppose -2*i + 128 = 2*i. ", "What is the remainder when i is divided by j(h)?", "\n10\nSuppose -3*v - 8 = d, -9 = -3*d + 2*v + 11. ", "Calculate the remainder when 10 is divided by d.\n2\nLet y = -10 + -1. ", "Let h = y + 20. ", "Calculate the remainder when 24 is divided by h.\n6\nLet n(x) = 2*x**2 + 2*x - 3. ", "Calculate the remainder when 35 is divided by n(-3).", "\n8\nLet q(l) = -l**3 - 6*l**2 + l - 8. ", "Let r be q(-6). ", "Let z be (3 - 0) + (-120)/4. ", "Let n = r - z. Calculate the remainder when n is divided by 7.", "\n6\nLet w be 3/3 + (2 - 1). ", "Suppose -w*s - 2 = 2. ", "Calculate the remainder when 19 is divided by (-2 - -9)/(s/(-2)).", "\n5\nSuppose 0 = 5*k + 34 - 119. ", "Calculate the remainder when 67 is divided by k.\n16\nSuppose -j - 1 + 3 = 0. ", "Let r(n) = -4*n**2 - j*n + 11*n**3 + 1 + 4*n**3 + 5*n**2. ", "Calculate the remainder when 43 is divided by r(1).", "\n13\nSuppose 2*u - 3*g + 8 = 0, 3*u + g - 8 = 5*u. ", "Calculate the remainder when 69 is divided by (-680)/(-28) + u/14.", "\n21\nLet w = -10 - -57. ", "Suppose 0 = 4*d + 204 - 52. ", "Let x = -22 - d. Calculate the remainder when w is divided by x.\n15\nSuppose u - 4 = -1. ", "Suppose -m + 11 = u*t, 18 = 4*m - t - 52. ", "Calculate the remainder when 67 is divided by m.\n16\nSuppose -30 = -g - 5*c, -4*g + 3*g = -c. ", "Suppose -2*d + 4 = -2*o, g*d - o = o + 13. ", "What is the remainder when d is divided by 1?", "\n0\nSuppose -11*x = -10*x - 89. ", "Calculate the remainder when x is divided by 23.", "\n20\nLet p(y) = y**2 + 2*y - 11. ", "Suppose 4*t - 75 = -23. ", "What is the remainder when p(-8) is divided by t?", "\n11\nLet y(u) = 2*u**2 - 11*u - 4. ", "Suppose -4*k - 2*j + 18 = 0, -27 = -4*k + j - 0*j. ", "Calculate the remainder when 9 is divided by y(k).", "\n1\nSuppose -k - k = -18. ", "What is the remainder when (-1)/((-357)/(-72) - (-10)/(-2)) is divided by k?", "\n6\nLet r = -5 + 7. ", "Suppose -4*q = m - 13, -m + r*m = 4*q + 45. ", "Let u = -18 + m. Calculate the remainder when 21 is divided by u.\n10\nSuppose -32 = -3*j - 4*a, 3*j + a - 20 + 3 = 0. ", "Let q(n) = -n**2 - n + 14. ", "What is the remainder when q(0) is divided by j?", "\n2\nSuppose 8*f - 3*f = 80. ", "Calculate the remainder when 110 is divided by f.\n14\nLet h = 46 + -31. ", "Let y be (27/2)/((-11)/(-22)). ", "Suppose 2*p + p - y = 0. ", "What is the remainder when h is divided by p?", "\n6\nLet i(l) = 0 - l + 2 + 2. ", "Suppose 3*h - 8*h = 45. ", "What is the remainder when 50 is divided by i(h)?", "\n11\nSuppose -2*z - z = 6. ", "Let p be z/(-3)*9/2. ", "Suppose 0 = -v - p + 11. ", "Calculate the remainder when 23 is divided by v.\n7\nLet b = -143 - -159. ", "What is the remainder when 25 is divided by b?", "\n9\nLet c be 5 - 6/(-9)*-3. ", "Suppose 0 = -4*h + c + 5. ", "Calculate the remainder when 5 is divided by (12/4)/(3/h).", "\n1\nSuppose 78 = 3*c - 0*c. ", "Suppose -4*d = -4*t - 308, d + 2*t = t + 73. ", "Calculate the remainder when d is divided by c.\n23\nLet b(f) = -f**3 + 13*f**2 - 4*f + 21. ", "What is the remainder when b(12) is divided by 10?", "\n7\nSuppose f - 6*f = 2*i - 27, 4*i + 4*f = 24. ", "Calculate the remainder when 2 is divided by i.\n0\nLet m(d) = -15*d - 6. ", "Let b be m(-5). ", "Suppose -4*l + 19 = -b. ", "Calculate the remainder when l is divided by 8.", "\n6\nLet u(w) = 9*w - 33. ", "What is the remainder when 47 is divided by u(5)?", "\n11\nLet c(h) = 2*h - 7. ", "Calculate the remainder when 39 is divided by c(9).", "\n6\nLet d(s) = -s**3 - 5*s**2 - s + 2. ", "Let a be 27/2*(-20)/(-6). ", "Suppose -q = -4*q + a. Calculate the remainder when d(-6) is divided by q.\n14\nWhat is the remainder when (-10 - -6)/(4/(-28)) is divided by 15?", "\n13\nSuppose -5*u + 7 + 18 = 0. ", "Suppose -5*b = 3*j - 63, -4*b + 44 = -j + u*j. ", "What is the remainder when b is divided by 12/(-7)*(-7 - 14/(-6))?", "\n7\nSuppose 0 = 4*q - 4*p - 368, -462 = -5*q + 2*p + 2*p. ", "Calculate the remainder when q is divided by 24.", "\n22\nSuppose -4*n + 2 + 1 = -3*a, -3 = a - 2*n. ", "Suppose a*m = 2 + 34. ", "What is the remainder when m is divided by 7?", "\n5\nCalculate the remainder when -2 + 1 + 3 + 35 is divided by (11 - -1) + 1 + 0.", "\n11\nLet g = 7 + -2. ", "Let t(q) = 2*q - 4. ", "Let z be t(4). ", "Suppose -g*l + 133 = 4*f, 42 = l + l - z*f. ", "What is the remainder when l is divided by 9?", "\n7\nLet k(w) = -w**2 + w + 13. ", "Suppose 2*m + 0*m = 0. ", "Suppose -2*s + 5*i = -67, -4*s - 3*i - 33 = -5*s. ", "Calculate the remainder when s is divided by k(m).", "\n10\nLet v be (-5)/(2 - (-27)/(-6)). ", "Suppose -v*r - 54 = -4*r. ", "What is the remainder when r is divided by 15?", "\n12\nLet p = -77 + 147. ", "What is the remainder when p is divided by 24?", "\n22\nLet c(i) = 2*i**2 - 6*i + 1. ", "Calculate the remainder when 32 is divided by c(4).", "\n5\nSuppose 5*f - 535 = 2*x, -5*f - 2*x + 479 = -36. ", "Let q = 87 + 38. ", "Suppose -5*h = -0*j - 4*j + q, h + f = 4*j. ", "Calculate the remainder when 49 is divided by j.\n24\nLet b(r) be the first derivative of -7*r**4/4 - 2*r**3/3 + r**2 + 2*r + 1. ", "Calculate the remainder when b(-2) is divided by 16.", "\n14\nLet c = -18 - -39. ", "Calculate the remainder when 82 is divided by c.\n19\nCalculate the remainder when (1 - (0 + 0))/((-13)/(-182)) is divided by 5.", "\n4\nLet c be -1 + 2 - (-3 + -1). ", "Calculate the remainder when 38 is divided by 0/(-2) - (-15 + c).", "\n8\nLet n be 4*1/1 - 2. ", "Suppose -5*x + n = -4*x. ", "Suppose 5*o + 16 = j + x*j, 19 = 3*j - 2*o. ", "Calculate the remainder when 12 is divided by j.\n5\nLet c = 222 - 156. ", "Let z = c + -46. ", "Calculate the remainder when 38 is divided by z.\n18\nLet x(u) = 6*u - 8. ", "What is the remainder when 28 is divided by x(3)?", "\n8\nLet y be (-2)/1 + 0 - -4. ", "Suppose 9 - 17 = -4*d. ", "Suppose 4*x + y*g - 62 = 0, -2*x = d*x + 4*g - 56. ", "What is the remainder when x is divided by 6?", "\n5\nLet k = -6 - 10. ", "Let s = -7 - k. Calculate the remainder when 16 is divided by s.\n7\nLet v be 1 - 2*(-1)/1. ", "Let k(t) = -t**3 + 6*t**2 - 3*t - 4. ", "Suppose b - 6 = -0*b - 2*x, 2*x = 4*b - 34. ", "What is the remainder when k(v) is divided by b?", "\n6\nSuppose -5*x + 138 = -z, 4*x - 29 - 85 = 2*z. ", "Let h = 49 - 30. ", "Let a = x - h. What is the remainder when 22 is divided by a?", "\n6\nSuppose 0 = 3*c - c - 60. ", "Calculate the remainder when c is divided by 8.", "\n6\nSuppose 0 = 5*a - 5*k - 160, 6*k = k + 15. ", "Let t = a + -3. ", "Calculate the remainder when t is divided by 7.", "\n4\nSuppose 3*j - 3 = r, j + 53 = 4*r + 2*j. ", "Suppose -a - 5*c = r, c - 15 = -2*a + 4*c. ", "Suppose 102*n = 100*n + 10. ", "Calculate the remainder when n is divided by a.\n2\nLet t = 13 - 1. ", "Let l(q) = 12*q + 8. ", "Let u be l(7). ", "Suppose -i - u = -5*i. ", "What is the remainder when i is divided by t?", "\n11\nSuppose -k + 42 + 0 = 0. ", "Suppose 55 = 116*s - 111*s. ", "What is the remainder when k is divided by s?", "\n9\nSuppose -3*s - s = 0. ", "Suppose -5*m + 3*f + f + 671 = s, 3*f = -2*m + 250. ", "Let i = m - 78. ", "Calculate the remainder when i is divided by 14.", "\n11\nSuppose 3*o + 3*i - 27 = 0, 4*o - i - 9 = 2*o. ", "Suppose o*g - 53 = 3*g - 4*q, -3*g + 41 = -2*q. ", "What is the remainder when g is divided by 9?", "\n6\nLet r = -420 - -296. ", "Let i = r - -178. ", "Calculate the remainder when i is divided by 14.", "\n12\nWhat is the remainder when 51*(0 + 8 + -5) is divided by 31?", "\n29\nLet b = 2 - 2. ", "Suppose b*l = -l + 32. ", "Calculate the remainder when l is divided by 11.", "\n10\nLet q = 54 - 29. ", "Suppose 3*y - 2 = 1. ", "Calculate the remainder when q is divided by -26*(y/2 - 1).", "\n12\nCalculate the remainder when 55 is divided by (-4)/(-32)*4 - 58/(-4).", "\n10\nCalculate the remainder when 1*(75 + 2 + -3) is divided by 27.", "\n20\nSuppose 0 = 3*k + 3 - 48. ", "What is the remainder when k is divided by 8?", "\n7\nLet s(v) = v**3 + 1. ", "Let w be s(2). ", "Let q = w + 13. ", "What is the remainder when q is divided by 8?", "\n6\nSuppose j + 1 = 10. ", "Calculate the remainder when 34 is divided by j.\n7\nSuppose 5*r = -0*r + h + 90, 2*r = -3*h + 53. ", "Calculate the remainder when 36 is divided by" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Frank Ocean and the Black Male Body\n\nRelated Books:\n\nR.I.P. Trayvon, that nigga look just like me–Frank Ocean, “Nikes”\n\nThat looks like a bad dude …-A Tulsa police officer, on the body of Terence Crutcher\n\n1.", "\nI can’t stop thinking about the video footage shot from above the highway where Terence Crutcher died in Tulsa, Oklahoma. ", "If you watch the footage, you’ll see the 40-year-old man walk away from officers with his hands up before Officer Betty Shelby shoots him dead. ", "But what we see isn’t what echoes for me — it’s what we hear. ", "If you listen you’ll hear one of two officers in the helicopter (one of whom was Officer David Shelby, husband to Betty Shelby) authorize Crutcher’s death moments before Crutcher crumples to the ground. ", "Pronouncing, “That” — this is a human being he’s referring to — “looks like a bad dude,” he renders Crutcher a threat in the absence of any evidence outside his body.", "\n\nThese words echo for me because in the footage their effect approaches something like magic. ", "The officer observes, and moments later Crutcher is dead. ", "It’s too perfect — much too perfect — an illustration of how preconceptions about black people begin with the visual, with assumptions about our bodies: how we move through space, the way we cast our eyes at others, our affect, and on and on. ", "It’s too perfect an illustration of how assumptions emanating from the visual field produce physical ramifications, how they structure and are structured by racist fictions about what our bodies mean.", "\n\n2.", "\nThere are three covers for Frank Ocean’s latest album, Blonde, all of which present black men flinching from our vision into various anonymities. ", "One shows us a man disappearing behind weed smoke’s dense haze; the second presents another man (perhaps Ocean himself) ensconced in a motorcycle helmet’s hermetic safety. ", "The third interests me most: it depicts the crooner standing in front of spotless white tile. ", "He’s shirtless, so that we get to peer in on his slender, muscular body, but his hair is dyed green in a Stroop-inspired taunt. ", "He obscures his face with a bandaged hand, beneath which you can make out his furrowed brow, suggestive of a grimace or weeping. ", "Meanwhile, his hand, upper body, and forehead are beaded with water or perspiration.", "\n\nOf all Blonde’s covers, this one most recalls the album’s original title, Boys Don’t Cry. ", "Ocean dropped that title upon the album’s release, but when I look at this image of him soaked and covering his grief like Masaccio’sAdam leaving the Garden, I can’t help but hear that former title’s echo. ", "It draws our attention to the precarious relationship between the normative gender assumptions that shape our conceptions of masculinity, and the reality of emotional vulnerability that those notions elide. ", "Ocean’s obscured visage bespeaks the tension between the image of the black male body — a cluster of signifiers to which so many meanings attach that we hardly see it at all — and the emotional intricacy underlying these ossified stereotypes.", "\n\nAmidst another cycle of renewed attention to police violence against black bodies, I’ve come to think that Ocean’s cover suggests possibilities for more nuanced portrayals of black masculinity and emotion than those that currently pervade our national consciousness. ", "Every death of a police-shooting victim underlines the state of hypervisibility in which the black body exists. ", "For black men, this means that a certain fiction is always preceding our bodies, walking ahead of us into rooms, intimidating people on sidewalks, and speaking for us before we can open our mouths.", "\n\nAs Nicole Fleetwood observes in Troubling Vision, this fiction imbues us “with a mythic sense of virility, danger, and physicality.” ", "I take Fleetwood to mean that in America’s cultural imagination, the black male body always signifies as an existential threat, one characterized by predatory violence, hyper-sexuality, and overwhelming physical force. ", "This will be true no matter what we do to attenuate the nervous unease that crowds us. ", "We’re always already hollowed out, reduced to receptacles in which the nation’s most basic fears circulate.", "\n\nBlonde’s cover short-circuits these assumptions, creates a tear in the visual field that unsettles received notions that black masculinity is legible, easy reading for whoever might chance upon it. ", "Consider his green hair: it employs the Stroop effect to taunt us via a textual-visual misdirect so that seeing and reading are sundered from one another. (", "In another slight at legibility, the album title is stylized as “blond” on the cover, though the official title is Blonde.) ", "Ocean’s hair reshuffles our expectations before we hear a note of music, demanding that we dedicate renewed attention to an image we thought we knew. ", "It’s an emphatic reassertion, a warning that with Ocean, what you see will not be what you get.", "\n\nThen there’s that hand, raised to hide an emotional turmoil that, according to the script, shouldn’t exist at all. ", "In We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity, bell hooks writes that in order to compensate for the structural violence wielded against them, black men are taught “to believe that a real male is fearless, insensitive, egocentric, and invulnerable” and thus adopt a “cool pose” (emphasis mine). ", "This is a masculinist posture that rejects emotional vulnerability — and interiority in general — as inimical to manhood. ", "Hip-hop’s visual codes and genre conventions often reinforce this posture, with the effect of embracing and heightening the fictions foisted upon us by white supremacy’s image repertoire. ", "In Hip-Hop Wars, Tricia Rose argues that contemporary rap’s calling cards have become “distorted, antisocial, self-destructive, and violent portrayals of black masculinity” along with rampant misogyny and homophobia. ", "The cool pose instantiates the representational straitjacket against which black men struggle.", "\n\nI’m not certain that I can accept hooks and Rose’s assertions uncritically, but that’s for another essay. ", "But if we receive them as true, Ocean’s cover flouts the cool pose in favor of emotional vulnerability, insisting on depth in the face of a dyad that reduces black men to surface. ", "Ocean’s damaged hand is raised in an attempt to enact the earlier album title’s dictum — boys don’t cry, remember? — ", "but it’s a futile act; the gesture only displaces his grief so that his tears reappear in the visual field as the moisture beading his body, each tear a tear in his cool pose. ", "Here, feeling and vulnerability are irreducible no matter what pose we might strike in order to hide it. ", "Call it a new law: the Conservation of Feeling. ", "This hand also blocks us, creates an opacity to stump a presumed transparency. ", "The overall effect is a reinsertion of interiority into a body that had been hollowed.", "\n\n3.", "\nHow does this sound?", "\n\nOn Blonde, what we hear is a struggle between the masculinist conventions of contemporary hip-hop and Ocean’s assertion of a queered black masculinity, two images of black manhood jockeying for position in one aural space. ", "It’s a drama not unlike the one Ocean presents on the album cover, and if you listen you’ll hear the tears in hip-hop’s cool pose. ", "Take the first track on the album, “Nikes”:\n\nThese bitches want Nikes\nThey looking for a check\nTell ‘em it ain’t likely\nSaid she need a ring like Carmelo\nMust be on that white like Othello\n\nOcean cycles through some of contemporary hip-hop’s most enduring tropes with impressive dexterity: he plays a vigilantly unattached bachelor weary of commitment and manipulative women, works in references to cocaine and sneakers, and name checks an NBA star. ", "It’s a masterful display of Ocean’s facility with the genre’s conventions after a four-year absence, and like most good hip-hop these days, the verse is deeply boring but also hilarious in the way that Ocean breathes life into tired tropes via inspired wordplay. (", "Will there be a better couplet written this year than “Said she need a ring like Carmelo/Must be on that white like Othello”? ", "Probably not.) ", "The verse also initiates the album in a moment of dissonance: after seeing Ocean embrace queerness not just as an identity but also as a political orientation, it is jarring to hear him turn to the cool pose’s rhetoric.", "\n\nBut this rhetoric’s cool surface has a conspicuous tear in its fabric. ", "After all, Ocean sings the song’s first three minutes through a distorted filter, sounding as if he inhaled helium before running his vocals through autotune. ", "At times he howls and whoops rather than sings, and if we didn’t know who the singer was, it would be impossible to assign Ocean a gender. ", "Reverb doubles his voice, heightening its alien quality. ", "A lone, woozy synth that approximates a Theremin runs the song’s length; behind the synth, constant vibrato makes the song’s bass line sound weirdly distended. ", "It sounds like we’ve been stranded in some unfamiliar space. ", "The queer quality of this defamiliarization becomes apparent in the song’s video, which features shots of Ocean sporting eyeliner, suggestively palming a gearshift, and pantomiming fellatio.", "\n\nLater, he stands alone on a stage, garbed in a white jumpsuit, eyes closed in private reverie, glitter sprinkled upon his face.", "\n\nOcean shows us a queer black male body, conspicuous in its refusal to be forced into the kind of hypervisibility that allowed police officers to condemn Terence Crutcher as a “bad dude” on sight. ", "The effect is a defamiliarization of those familiar tropes associated with a toxic masculinity.", "\n\nThis is why I find the beginning of “Nikes” ’ second verse so compelling. ", "Leaving behind the cool pose, Ocean mourns for some fallen black men: A$AP Yams, the New York producer who passed away earlier this year; Pimp C, the Texas rapper whose ghost has haunted hip-hop this year; and Trayvon Martin. ", "When I first heard Trayvon’s name mentioned in company of Yams and Pimp C, I was confused. ", "What did he have to do with these two artists who performed a certain vision of the black male body?", "\n\nBut now I see that including Trayvon in that pantheon constitutes a refusal and an expansion: black masculinity can look like Yams and Pimp C, yes. ", "It can also look like the face of this boy, whose body was read as thuggish and dangerous for no other reason than his blackness. ", "By inserting Trayvon Martin into this list, Ocean asserts the elasticity of black maleness. ", "If Trayvon looks like Ocean, then he also embodies the alterity Ocean foregrounds in this song and video, the possibility of “otherwise,” as Ashon Crawley might say. ", "When that lyric arrives in the video, Ocean holds the ubiquitous self-portrait of Trayvon staring out from beneath a white hood. ", "This image circulated relentlessly in the aftermath of his murder, and public as it has become, we might be tempted into thinking that we know it. ", "Ocean demands that we look again.", "\n\nIsmail Muhammad\nis a staff writer for The Millions. ", "He splits his time between Los Angeles and Oakland, where he's currently working on a dissertation and a novel. ", "Find him on Twitter @trapmotives and IG @trapmotifs.", "\n\n1.", "\nMy parents spent the weekend at my house recently, and besides the standard good feelings of spending time with the people who raised me, I’ve come to look forward to these visits because they are two able-bodied adults who can help watch my kids. ", "Once the initial greetings are shared, bags unpacked, and meals cooked, their presence in the house offers the unusual chance to sneak away to check my email unmolested and go to the bathroom without being interrupted mid-stream by a door-pounding demand for apple juice.", "\n\nSince my kids won’t be old enough to read this for a few more years, by which time they’ll probably hate me for other reasons, I’ll say this out loud: I sometimes fantasize about a life without them. ", "Okay, I fantasize about that all the time, but the daydream is most vivid at those times when I know the childless people in my peer group are off doing the spontaneous, self-indulgent things you can do when two little bellies and attention spans aren’t dependent on your constant presence. ", "I think about it on Friday nights, when instead of going to a concert or movie I’m chasing my naked two-year-old daughter down the hall after a bath so I can slap a diaper on her before she pees on the carpet. ", "I think about it on Saturday afternoons, when instead of flipping channels between baseball games and movie reruns, I’m at the park spotting my five-year-old son on the monkey bars to avoid another trip to the emergency room for a broken wrist. ", "And I think about it a lot on Sunday mornings, when instead of sleeping in and enjoying a leisurely breakfast while reading the Sunday paper, I’m mopping up spilled bowls of cereal and juggling remotes to find the right episode of Dora on Netflix.", "\n\nDuring my parents’ latest visit, I thought I had my chance to pull off that lazy Sunday morning. ", "My mom was helping my son finish his homework for school the next day. ", "My dad was watching cartoons with my daughter on the couch, and I settled down to read the New York Times travel section on my iPad. ", "I was halfway into an article about getting lost driving the back roads of Ireland when my daughter hopped off the couch and announced, “I sit Daddy’s lap.”", "\n\nNo one was going to stop her. ", "It was cute, see. ", "I should mention now that she was wearing nothing but a diaper–she had stripped off her PJs earlier during an Alvin and the Chipmunks dance party in her brother’s room–and carrying a bag of Corn Chex. ", "I tried to prop the iPad on the arm of the chair and continue reading, which worked for a minute until I started looking at the slideshow that accompanied the article.", "\n\n“Cow! ", "I see cow!” ", "she squealed when she saw a picture of a brown cow standing in a verdant Irish pasture overlooking the sea. “", "More cow pictures!” ", "I tried to convince her that was the only cow picture in the series, but nothing else would do until I had pulled up a Google image search of every cow, bull, heifer, and steer you’d ever want to see. ", "Soon we were watching YouTube videos of placid Swiss cattle with giant bells around their necks munching grass in the shadow of the Alps. ", "Sunday morning fantasy: over.", "\n\n2.", "\nWhat bothers me more than these compromised moments of leisure is the feeling that my kids take up my time to write. ", "In terms of hobbies, writing is a terrible choice, because it may be the only one that makes you feel guilty when you’re not doing it. ", "I use my kids as my excuse, as in “I’d write at night after work, but by the time we’ve had dinner and get the kids to bed it’s 9:00 and I’m worn out,” or “I wish I could write on the weekends, but my wife works a lot and I’m always stuck with the kids.” ", "It’s a convenient way to rationalize pure procrastination and the fear of, I don’t know, failure I guess.", "\n\nAt least parenting is a more responsible excuse than saying I pissed away my time playing video games or nursing debilitating hangovers, but it’s an excuse nonetheless. ", "I know this every time one of those whiny thoughts pops into my head, but it never stops the rush of jealously I feel when a friend from my writing group says she spent the afternoon at a coffee shop working on an essay, or when I hear about people my age with the independence to strike out on freelance writing careers. ", "Never mind that given all the free time in the world, I’d develop much more subtle, insidious ways to explain away my lack of production. ", "I still feel a sense of injustice that they seemingly have all these opportunities to write and I don’t.", "\n\nI’ve only been writing seriously for about eight years now, but I’ve already inherited the mantle of self-aggrandizing victimhood, that feeling of possessing a voice that must be heard but can’t because of the conspiring forces of short-sighted editors, unappreciative bosses, and family obligations. ", "And since it involves my offspring, it’s countered with equal measures of guilt for feeling like I’m entitled to anything other than the satisfaction of raising two healthy, happy children.", "\n\n3.", "\nThat Sunday afternoon we took the kids to a new park in our neighborhood. ", "It takes up a whole block, crosshatched with diagonal walkways that separate a state-of-the-art playground, futuristic misting fountains, a dog park, and grassy mounds built from the dirt excavated to build the rest of the park. ", "I was standing by the fence of the playground, nursing stale coffee from a travel mug, when I had to stop and chase down my daughter before she opened the gate and made a break for it. ", "After I scooped her up, she saw a man sitting with a Great Dane on top of one of these mounds and said, “Cow!”", "\n\nTo her credit the dog was white with black spots, just like a Holstein cow, and half the size of one too. ", "If we hadn’t spent a half hour that morning watching videos of cows, she wouldn’t have made the comparison. ", "And if I had spent the morning scratching myself in a bathrobe instead, reading the news and watching Chris Berman bellow on ESPN, it would have passed unnoticed, indistinguishable from every other lazy Sunday morning. ", "I might have looked past the picture of the cow, finished that article, and sat down at a computer to write something. ", "But then if I spent my morning alone, what would I write about?", "\n\nWriting a vivid book about stuttering, a book that people read in the privacy of their own lives, is only one level of vulnerability. ", "Standing up to speak about that book, while experiencing the sensation of stuttering and bearing witness to all the immediate reactions that evokes, is quite another.", "\n\nMy dad is not a writer, though his camp letters to me many years ago betrayed an ability to fashion the written word in a surprisingly vigorous manner, particularly when stacked up against the troubled verb conjugations of his spoken words. “", "What do you mean, Dad, a manuscript?” ", "I asked.", "\n\nBibliomancy isn’t a Ouija board; it doesn’t summon the spirits of the dead or distant. ", "In only places the textual voice into a more dynamic relationship with the reader. ", "We prod it with a question; it pushes back with an arcane response." ]

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[ "DRDC Toronto\n\nDRDC Toronto is a major military research station located at the former site of CFB Downsview in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ", "It is one of several centres making up Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC).", "\n\nHistory\nThe Centre's roots go back to 1939 when the Department of National Defence (DND) recognized the vital importance of human factors in the ability of Canada's armed forces to safeguard the nation in peacetime and at war. ", " Recognizing the importance of aviation medicine to defence, an inter-departmental committee, the Associate Committee on Aviation Medical Research, was established in June, 1939, chaired by Sir Frederick Banting. ", "Laboratory studies in pressure physiology began in the Banting and Best Institute, University of Toronto, where the first decompression chamber for human studies in Canada was set up.", "\n\nTo expand the effort, in 1940, the No.1 Clinical Investigation Unit (No1 CIU) was formed at the former Eglinton Hunt Club at 1107 Avenue Road with the construction of a low-temperature low-pressure chamber to support research on human capabilities under extremes of cold and high altitude. ", "This led to extensive activity in the development of oxygen and survival equipment for the Royal Canadian Air Force.", "\n\nThe second significant experimental facility constructed was the first human centrifuge in the allied countries, pioneered by Dr. Wilbur R. Franks and his colleagues. ", "This was brought into operation in late 1941, and by August 1945 more than 13, 000 human runs had been carried out without a mishap. ", "This machine was used to pioneer and create the world's first anti \"G\" flying suit to go into service, when it was worn during Operation Torch during the battle for Oran with the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm in November 1942.", "\n\nIn the post-war period, research in aviation medicine continued in the universities and at Avenue Road, now renamed the RCAF Institute of Aviation Medicine (RCAF/IAF). ", "It was assigned responsibilities for aviation medical training, medical statistics, aircrew medical selection, life support and survival equipment and clinical aviation medicine. ", " Under unification in 1968, it was renamed the Canadian Forces Institute of Environment Medicine (CFIEM).", "\n\nIn 1947, the Defence Research Board (DRB) was established with its primary responsibility in the field of military medicine and the study of occupational problems of the armed services. ", " Basically, DRB was directed to the study of the environmental factors and hazards affecting them, and the assessment of their task with the view of improving their performance in it.", "\n\nTo address the new DRB role in military human factors research, the Defence Research Medical Laboratory (DRML) was constructed at Downsview in 1952, with the official opening on 12 February 1954. ", "Its program was widened to embrace studies of tri-service applicability and included food and clothing research. ", "This laboratory was renamed the Defence Research Establishment Toronto (DRET) in 1968.", "\n\nIn an effort to consolidate the research effort in the military, DRET and CFIEM were amalgamated in April 1971 and a new organization was formed, the Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine. ", "DCIEM had a combined military and civilian research staff, which provided a unique combination of operational and scientific expertise that addressed the operational needs of the Canadian Forces in all environments. ", "Over the years many new unique facilities were developed at DCIEM, including a new human centrifuge, hot and cold climatic chambers, hypobaric (1954) and hyperbaric (1977) chambers, and impact studies facility (1978).", "\n\nThe unification of the three services into the Canadian Forces (CF) in 1968 saw DRB evolve, becoming the Research and Development Branch of the CF by 1974. ", "The laboratories of the DRB were integrated to DND through the formation of the Defence Research and Development (R&D) Branch (DRDB) to forge closer relationships between scientists and the military. ", "The new branch was led by the Chief of Research and Development (CRAD), within the Assistant Deputy Minister (Materiel) group.", "\n\nThe Hunt Club location closed in 1994 and its operations moved to Downsview. ", "The R&D Branch was reorganized on April 1, 2000 when it became Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), part of DND. ", "As Canada's leader in defence and national security science and technology (S&T), DRDC maintains a broad scientific program and actively collaborates with industry, international allies, academia, other government departments and the national security community. ", "DRDC Toronto and its forebearers have made major contributions to knowledge and equipment which has not only aided the Canadian Forces in the completion of their missions, but has had a significant impact in the civilian sector both in Canada and worldwide.", "\n\nFunctions of DRDC Toronto\nDRDC Toronto is a research and development organisation for integrated human effectiveness, science and technology (S&T) in defence and national security. ", "It provides the Canadian Forces (CF), government agencies, academia, and industrial clients with an internationally recognized combination of expertise and research facilities.", "\n\nDRDC Toronto uses a systems-based approach to cover all aspects of human performance and effectiveness, including individual and team performance, human-technology interaction, and the social and psychological factors that affect the resolution of conflict.", "\n\nTheir scientists and technologists apply, exploit and share the results of research in the following fields:\n Human systems integration\n Human performance in stressful environments\n Simulation and modeling of the human in complex military systems\n Human issues in command and control\n Team performance and collaborative behaviour\n Psychology of malicious intent\n Social and cultural factors influencing behaviour\n\nCurrent research initiatives\n\n Behaviourally Realistic Approaches to Security Risk Management: Researchers developed models of risk perception, assessment, and communication in response to realistic asymmetric threat scenarios, such as chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear terrorist attacks.", "\n Distributed Team Modeling: Using a software platform based on a problem-solving task requiring information sharing, scientists compared the effectiveness of different team structures using measures of collaboration, information sharing, and trust.", "\n Tools for the Automatic Extraction and Visualization of Concepts: Tools are being developed to improve the analysis of massive quantities of information and intelligence from various sources to support military decision-making.", "\n Rapid Diagnostic Tools for Detecting Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries: In collaboration with Canadian research hospitals and international partners, diagnostic tools are being developed to assist in the identification of mild traumatic brain injuries.", "\n\nThe Human Effectiveness Experimentation Centre manages DRDC Toronto's major research facilities. ", "These facilities, which are used to simulate a broad range of operational environments, include:\n Synthetic Environment Research Facility\n Group Immersive Simulator and Dismounted Soldier Simulator\n Human Centrifuge\n Diving Research Facility\n Climatic Facility\n Hypobaric Altitude Chamber\n Noise Simulation Facility\n\nJoint Operational Human Sciences Centre (JOHSC)\nJOHSC provides integrated human science and technical solutions in support of the CF across current and future operational environments through research, development and evaluation. ", "JOHSC members are part of the co-located Canadian Forces Environmental Medicine Establishment (CFEME).", "\n\nJOHSC can provide valuable and timely advice to a range of aerospace, land and sea/undersea challenges.", "\n\nJOHSC can also utilize the unique facilities and scientific expertise of DRDC Toronto and other DRDC centres to provide S&T solutions to the CF.", "\n\nSignificant accomplishments\n\n Decompression Tables (DCIEM Sport Diving Tables) that are now used worldwide and have been adopted by foreign navies, commercial diving companies and civilian organizations to reduce the risk of decompression illness, once commonly called \"the bends.\"", "\n Canadian Underwater Mine-Countermeasures Apparatus (CUMA) is a new diver mine-countermeasures (MCM) diving set with a depth capability of , as well as being anti-acoustic and anti-magnetic.", "\n The STInG (Sustained Tolerance to INcreased G) system, which provides G protection for pilots, superior to any current operational system.", "\n Virtual reality simulator for Helicopter Deck Landing to simulate the dangerous task of landing a helicopter on the moving deck of a ship.", "\n Clothe the Soldier project provided human engineering support to the Army's acquisition of over 24 new items of state-of-the-art soldier protective clothing and personal equipment\n Load Carriage Robot - an instrumented articulated manikin that mimics the movement of the human torso\n A Cold Exposure Survival Model (CESM) used in search and rescue (SAR) Operations\n A new Wind Chill Equivalent Temperature Chart for North America\n A Heat Stress Calculator for Firefighters used throughout Ontario.", "\n The Pilot Anthropometric Scanning System(PASS) - a method of digitally scanning the physical dimensions of potential aircrew candidates. ", "The cockpits of all CF aircraft fleets were assessed to accurately determine the body dimensions required to safely operate in these environments. ", "A computer program then analyzes these sets of data to determine which aircraft fleets an aircrew candidate would be physically eligible to fly.", "\n\nSee also\n Canadian government scientific research organizations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nDRDC Toronto\n\nToronto" ]

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[ " TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS\n\n OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL\n State of California\n\n DANIEL E. LUNGREN\n Attorney General\n ______________________________________\n OPINION :\n : No. ", "97-1104\n of :\n : March 5, 1998\n DANIEL E. LUNGREN :\n Attorney General :\n :\n ANTHONY M. SUMMERS :\n Deputy Attorney General :\n :\n ______________________________________________________________________\n\n THE HONORABLE MIKE THOMPSON, MEMBER OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE\nSENATE, has requested an opinion on the following question:\n\n 1. ", " Does the method by which the Vallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District\ncalculates the monthly user fees charged for the operation and maintenance of its storm drainage\nsystem meet constitutional requirements?", "\n\n 2. ", " Is the Vallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District required to obtain prior voter\napproval when revising the methodology by which it calculates its storm drainage system\nmonthly user fees, resulting in an increased amount being charged certain persons?", "\n\n CONCLUSIONS\n\n 1. ", " The method by which the Vallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District calculates the\nmonthly user fees charged for the operation and maintenance of its storm drainage system does\nnot meet constitutional requirements.", "\n\n 2. ", " The Vallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District is required to obtain prior voter\napproval when revising the methodology by which it calculates its storm drainage system\nmonthly user fees, resulting in an increased amount being charged certain persons.", "\n\n ANALYSIS\n\n The Vallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District (\"District\") operates a sanitation sewer\nsystem and a storm drainage system for its customers. (", "See English Manor Corp. v. Vallejo\n\fSanitation & Flood Control Dist. (", "1974) 42 Cal.", "App.3d 996, 1000.) ", "The two systems are\noperated separately, with the sewer system connecting to a water treatment plant and the storm\ndrainage system transporting water directly into San Francisco Bay. ", "Footnote No. ", "1\n\n The customers of the District are charged separately for maintaining the two systems.", "\nCurrently only those persons who are connected to the sewer system are charged monthly fees to\nmaintain the storm drainage system. ", "If a parcel is vacant or otherwise not connected to the sewer\nsystem, no storm drainage system user fees are imposed. ", "Hence, owners of parcels used for\nstorage facilities, parking lots, or other uses that do not require a sewer connection escape the\nfees.", "\n\n 1. ", " Validity of the Fees\n\n The first question presented for resolution is whether the District's method of imposing its\nstorm drainage system monthly user fees meets constitutional requirements. ", "We conclude that it\ndoes not.", "\n\n At the November 5, 1996, general election, state voters approved Proposition 218, adding\narticles XIII C and XIII D to the Constitution. ", "The two constitutional amendments generally\nrequire prior voter approval for new or increased general taxes (Cal. ", "Const., ", "art. ", "XIII C, § 2,\nsubd. (", "b)), special taxes (Cal. ", "Const., ", "art. ", "XIII C, § 2, subd. (", "d)), assessments (Cal. ", "Const., ", "art.", "\nXIII D, § 4, subds. (", "d), (e)), and fees and charges (Cal. ", "Const. ", "art. ", "XIII D, § 6, subd. (", "c)). ", "Among\nthe specific constitutional requirements is that fees and charges \"imposed upon any parcel . . .", "\nshall not exceed the proportional cost of the service attributable to the parcel.\" (", "Cal. ", "Const., ", "art.", "\nXIII D, § 6, subd. (", "b) (3).) ", "The first question focuses on this latter constitutional provision.", "\n\n It is evident that a storm drainage system is designed to benefit individual parcels of\nproperty. ", "It transports runoff water from rainstorms and other sources into channels and\nwaterways, rather than allowing the water to flood areas where it might damage property. ", "These\npurposes are confirmed by statutes enacted by the Legislature to implement article XIII D of the\nConstitution. ", "Government Code section 53750 provides in part:\n\n \"For purposes of Article XIII C and Article XIII D of the California Constitution and this\narticle:\n\n \". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .", "\n\n \"(d) 'Drainage System' means any system of public improvements that is intended to\nprovide for erosion control, landslide abatement, or for other types of water drainage.", "\n\n \"...........................................\n\n \"(f) 'Flood control' means any system of public improvements that is intended to protect\nproperty from overflow by water.", "\n\n \" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\"", "\n\f The owners of land used for such purposes as storage buildings and parking lots are\nbenefitted by the District's storm drainage system services. ", "Yet they are not charged any fees if\nthey are not connected to the District's sewer system. ", "It necessarily follows that the District's\ncosts associated with operating and maintaining the system are borne totally by those connected\nto the sewer system. ", "Therefore, those who are charged the fees must pay more than the\nproportional cost of the services attributable to their own parcels. ", "This is not permissible under\narticle XIII D, section 6, subdivision (b)(3) of the Constitution. ", "Footnote No. ", "2\n\n We conclude that the method by which the District charges monthly user fees for its storm\ndrainage system services does not meet constitutional requirements.", "\n\n 2. ", " Prior Voter Approval\n\n The District intends to establish a new schedule of storm drainage system fees that will be\nbased upon the proportional cost of storm drainage services provided to each parcel, a schedule\nthat will take into account the amount of impervious area of each developed parcel. ", "Accordingly,\npersons in the District who currently have no sewer connections will be subject to the storm\ndrainage system fees for the first time.", "\n\n The second question presented for resolution concerns whether the voters of the District\nmust approve the proposed change in calculating the new monthly user fees for operating and\nmaintaining the District's storm drainage system. ", "We conclude that an election must be held and\napproval given.", "\n\n At the core of this question is subdivision (c) of section 6 of article XIII D of the\nConstitution, which provides:\n\n \"Except for fees or charges for sewer, water, and refuse collection services, no property\nrelated fee or charge shall be imposed or increased unless and until that fee or charge is\nsubmitted and approved by a majority vote of the property owners of the property subject to the\nfee or charge or, at the option of the agency, by a two-thirds vote of the electorate residing in the\naffected area. . . .\"", "\n\nA fee or charge is \"property related\" if it is for \"a public service having a direct relationship to\nproperty ownership.\" (", "Cal. ", "Const., ", "art. ", "XIII D, § 2, subd. (", "h).) ", "Subdivision (e) of section 2 of\narticle XIII D states:\n\n \"'Fee' or 'charge' means any levy other than an ad valorem tax, a special tax, or an\nassessment, imposed by an agency upon a parcel or upon a person as an incident of property\nownership, including a user fee or charge for a property related service.\"", "\n\nIn contrast, an \"assessment\" is defined in subdivision (b) of section 2 of article XIII D as follows:\n\n \"'Assessment' means any levy or charge upon real property by an agency for a special\nbenefit conferred upon the real property. '", "Assessment' includes, but is not limited to, 'special\nassessment,' 'benefit assessment,' 'maintenance assessment' and 'special assessment tax.'\"", "\n\fThe District plans to impose the new monthly rates as \"fees\" for providing storm drainage\n\"services\" to its customers rather than as \"assessments\" to cover the cost of providing its storm\ndrainage system as a \"benefit\" to the parcels within the District. ", "Because of the conclusion we\nreach, it makes little analytical difference whether the establishment of \"fees\" or \"assessments\" is\ninvolved here.", "\n\n Undoubtedly, the new monthly fees will be \"property related,\" since they will be based\nupon the amount of impervious area of each developed parcel. ", "As observed in answer to the first\nquestion, the District's storm drainage system is intended to serve directly the property within the\ndrainage area. (", "See Gov. Code, § 53750, subds. (", "d), (f).)", "\n\n The main issue to be resolved is whether prior voter approval is required for imposition of\nthe proposed fees in light of the exception from voter approval for \"fees or charges for sewer,\nwater, and refuse collection services.\" (", "Cal. ", "Const., ", "art. ", "XIII D, § 6, subd. (", "c).) ", "If the fees are for\nsewer, water, or refuse collection services, no voter approval is necessary.", "\n\n First, as for sewer services, the term \"sewer\" is often used differently in different contexts.", "\n(See, e.g., Pub. ", "Util. ", "Code, § 230.5.) ", "We note that subdivision (a) of section 5 of article XIII D\nrefers to \"[a]ny assessment imposed exclusively to finance the capital costs or maintenance and\noperation expenses for sidewalks, streets, sewers, water, flood control, drainage system, or vector\ncontrol.\" ", "Such language in a related constitutional provision supports application of the\nfollowing rule of statutory construction: \"If a statute on a particular subject omits a particular\nprovision, inclusion of that provision in another related statute indicates an intent the provision is\nnot applicable to the statute from which it was omitted.\" (", "In re Marquis D. (1995) 38\nCal.", "App.4th 1813, 1827.) ", "Footnote No. ", "3 Placing \"flood control, drainage systems\" in section 5 of\narticle XIII D while omitting such terms in section 6's voter approval exemption clause\nevidences an intent to require prior voter approval of new or additional storm drainage system\nfees.", "\n\n The Legislature has similarly distinguished sewer systems from storm drainage systems in\nvarious statutory schemes. ", "For example, Government Code section 63010, subdivision (i)\ndescribes the two separately as follows:\n\n \". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .", "\n\n \"(3) 'Drainage and flood control' includes ditches, canals, levees, pumps, dams, conduits,\npipes, storm sewers, and dikes necessary to keep or direct water away from people, equipment,\nbuildings, and other protected areas as may be established by lawful authority, as well as the\nacquisition, improvement, maintenance, and management of floodplain areas and all equipment\nused in the maintenance and operation of the foregoing.", "\n\n \". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .", "\n\n \"(10) 'Sewage collection and treatment' includes pipes, pumps, and conduits that collect\nwastewater from residential, manufacturing, and commercial establishments, the equipment,\nstructures, and facilities used in treating wastewater to reduce or eliminate impurities or\n\fcontaminants, and the facilities used in disposing of, or transporting, remaining sludge, as well as\nall equipment used in the maintenance and operation of the foregoing.", "\n\n \". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\"", "\n\nHealth and Safety Code section 5471 likewise differentiates between sewer systems and storm\ndrainage systems, as does the organic act under which the District was formed and continues to\noperate (see Stats. ", "First Ex. ", "Sess. ", "1952, ch. ", "17, p. 351; Deering's Wat.--Uncod. ", "Acts, Act 8934;\nWest's Water Code--App., ", "ch. ", "67). ", "Footnote No. ", "4\n\n Any remaining doubt is removed by applying the following principle of statutory\nconstruction recently reaffirmed in City of Lafayette v. East Bay Mun. ", "Utility Dist. (", "1993) 16\nCal.", "App.4th 1005, 1017:\n\n \". . . '", "Exceptions to the general rule of a statute are to be strictly construed. ", "In interpreting\nexceptions to the general statute courts include only those circumstances which are within the\nwords and reason of the exception. . . . ", "One seeking to be excluded from the sweep of the general\nstatute must establish that the exception applies.' [", "Citations.]\"", "\n\n If storm drainage system fees are not fees for \"sewer . . . ", "services,\" are they fees for \"water\n. . . ", "services\" within the meaning of article XIII D, section 6, subdivision (c)? ", "Government Code\nsection 53750, subdivision (m) defines \"water\" for purposes of article XIII D as \"any system of\npublic improvements intended to provide for the production, storage, supply, treatment, or\ndistribution of water.\"", "\n\n While there may be some temporary storage of water in connection with a storm drainage\nsystem, it is apparent that the District's drainage and flood control system is designed to do the\nopposite of that which the Legislature's definition of \"water . . . ", "services\" contemplates. ", "The\nDistrict's storm drainage system does not produce water or supply it to end users. ", "Rather than\ndistributing water, it collects and removes it. ", "The District does not treat any water flowing into\nits storm drainage system. ", "Consequently, the exception from voter approval in Article XIII D,\nsection 6, subdivision (c), for \"water . . . ", "services\" is inapplicable.", "\n\n Finally, we note that prior voter approval is required only if the fees or charges are\n\"imposed or increased.\" (", "Cal. ", "Const., ", "art. ", "XIII D, § 6, subd. (", "c).) ", "Here, the District proposes to\nchange its method of calculating the fees in question, which revision will impose the fees on\nsome property owners who have not previously been charged. ", "The Legislature has addressed this\nissue in Government Code section 53750:\n\n \"For purposes of Article XIII C and Article XIII D of the California Constitution and this\narticle:\n\n \". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .", "\n\n \"(h)(1) 'Increased,' when applied to a tax, assessment, or property-related fee or charge,\nmeans a decision by an agency that does either of the following:\n\f \"(A) Increases any applicable rate used to calculate the tax, assessment, fee or charge.", "\n\n \"(B) Revises the methodology by which the tax, assessment, fee or charge is calculated, if\nthat revision results in an increased amount being levied on any person or parcel.", "\n\n \"(2) A tax, fee, or charge is not deemed to be 'increased' by an agency action that does either\nor both of the following:\n\n \"(A) Adjusts the amount of a tax or fee or charge in accordance with a schedule of\nadjustments, including a clearly defined formula for inflation adjustment that was adopted by the\nagency prior to November 6, 1996.", "\n\n \"(B) Implements or collects a previously approved tax, or fee or charge, so long as the rate\nis not increased beyond the level previously approved by the agency, and the methodology\npreviously approved by the agency is not revised so as to result in an increase in the amount\nbeing levied on any person or parcel.", "\n\n \"(3) A tax, assessment, fee or charge is not deemed to be 'increased' in the case in which the\nactual payments from a person or property are higher than would have resulted when the agency\napproved the tax, assessment, or fee or charge, if those higher payments are attributable to events\nother than an increased rate or revised methodology, such as a change in the density, intensity, or\nnature of the use of land.", "\n\n \". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \"", "\n\n The District will be revising the methodology by which the storm drainage system monthly\nuser fees are calculated, resulting in an increased amount being charged certain persons. ", "The\nformula is newly developed to reflect the proportional cost of the services attributable to each\nlandowner served. (", "See Cal. ", "Const., ", "art. ", "XIII D, § 6, subd. (", "b)(3).) ", "Hence, the proposed adjusted\nfees will be \"imposed or increased\" for purposes of article XIII D.\n\n No other constitutional or statutory provision appears to affect our determination. ", "We\nconclude that the District is required to obtain prior voter approval when revising the\nmethodology by which it calculates its storm drainage system monthly user fees, resulting in an\nincreased amount being charged certain persons.", "\n\n *****\nFootnote No. ", "1\nWe are informed that in a few localities, the sewer system and storm drainage system are combined, with both\nconnecting to a water treatment plant. ", "The operation of such combined systems is beyond the scope of this opinion.", "\nFootnote No. ", "2\nThe storm drainage fees charged by the District are based upon the amount of sewer system usage attributable to a\nparcel. ", "We have not been informed of any relationship between sewer usage and the District's proportional cost of\nproviding storm drainage services to a particular parcel. (", "See fn. ", "1.)", "\nFootnote No. ", "3\nRules of statutory interpretation \"apply as well to the interpretation of constitutional provisions.\" (", "Lungren v.\nDeukmejian (1988) 45 Cal.3d 727, 735.)", "\n\fFootnote No. ", "4\nAs previously noted, in a few localities the sewer system and storm drainage system are combined and connect to a\nwater treatment plant. (", "See fn. ", "1.)", "\n\f" ]

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[ "An attempt at keeping my thighs from eating my shorts\n\nBack Fat… Crap, It’s Back\n\nIt’s funny, but my life has come full circle. ", "Ten years ago, give or take a few months, I was in the exact same situation I am in today. ", "I had just given birth to my first daughter Bridget and I didn’t think it was possible for me to ever be normal again. ", "I would stand in front of the mirror and pinch my back fat wondering if anyone had ever successfully bounced back from such a fall from grace. ", "I would Google weight loss success stories to see if it was actually possible. ", "The difference between now and then is that I’ve already done it, so I know for a fact that it is.", "\n\nThis is a picture of me in 2002 it was taken in June about a month and a half before I gave birth to my first daughter.", "\n\nI had insisted on having a pool party for my baby shower. ", "I swam in my shorts and tank top because I couldn’t fit in my maternity swim suit anymore. ", "I’m a summer girl and when it’s summer I’ve gotta swim!", "\n\nThis picture was taken the day before I gave birth to an elephant my first daughter, Bridget. ", "Bridget was a pretty big baby weighing in at 8 lbs 13 oz. ", "I weighed in at 266.", "\n\nMy doctor told me that if I were to give birth to my baby in the African bush I would be a survivor. ", "However, we weren’t in the African bush, so I needed to lay off of the enchiladas. ", "But he was wrong, my indulgence of choice was Samurai. ", "For those of you who don’t know, Samurai is the best hibachi restaurant you will ever step foot into. ", "Hello, water retention!", "\n\nSince this was my first child I had no idea what my body would do once I gave birth. ", "I just assumed I would just go back to being me. ", "Christmas rolled around and I was still stuck at 212 lbs.", "\n\nYeah, that’s right Nina. ", "You just go on and shrug that shoulder because there’s no way to tell you’re fat when you do that.", "\n\nAt the time one of my best friends got engaged and she asked me to be a bridesmaid. ", "We decided to drive to Dallas to go shopping for dresses and this was the first time that I had been away from Bridget for a whole day. ", "I was breastfeeding and didn’t have a pump. ", "Needless to say by the time we got there both of my boobs were bigger than my head and it made absolutely no sense for me to try on dresses.", "\n\nWhen the sales lady asked me what size I wanted to order, I ordered one 4 sizes too small. ", "I had eight months to lose the weight and I figured that was enough time. ", "She looked at me like I was an idiot and tried really hard to convince me to buy a bigger size. ", "I wouldn’t budge. ", "I took her lack of faith as a challenge.", "\n\nGame On!", "\n\nFrom that point on I worked out nearly every day and started counting calories. ", "Within four months summer had arrived and I was taking Bridget for her first swim.", "\n\nI weighed in at 160 pounds.", "\n\nThen, Bridget had her first birthday. (", "Go on… you can scroll back up to the top to compare.) ", "It’s amazing what can happen in a year!", "\n\nMy boyfriend at the time was a resident firefighter in Breckenridge, CO. ", "Bridget and I couldn’t stand being away from him so we had to visit a lot.", "\n\nFYI Those aren’t really my feet, they belong to Forest Gump\n\nFinally winter arrived and it was time to go back to Dallas to try on the dresses we ordered. ", "You should have seen the look on that lady’s face when my dress was too big.", "\n\nAh… victory is sweet.", "\n\nIt wasn’t long before I was engaged and I moved to Colorado to marry the love of my life.", "\n\nThe End.", "\n\nOkay, OKAY! ", "I just had to revel in the memory of when I was the hottie in the relationship. ", "To be fair, he has lost a lot of weight since then only he hasn’t put it back on. ", "Then again he didn’t have a baby. ", "Damn those men and their lack of ovaries! ", "He found crossfit, olympic lifting and mixed martial arts. ", "Like I said he’s now a personal trainer.", "\n\nUmmm… Hello! ", "This blog is supposed to be about me! (", "Gah.. put a shirt on)\n\nAnyway, we lived happily ever after… that is, until the back fat came back.", "\n\nOh Nina I so remember that day of trying on dresses! ", "I also remember going back for the final fitting but you said your dress was too small – didn’t you mean too big???? ", "I am so proud of you! ", "I love you!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nПередача типа в параметы метода C#\n\nМожно ли как-нибудь передать тип в метод? ", "\n public void блабла( object type)\n {\n list<type> NewList = new list<type>() ;\n }\n\nЧто-то вроде этого?", "\n\nA:\n\npublic void блабла<T>()\n{\n List<T> NewList = new List<T>() ;\n}\n\n" ]

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[ "The effects of acidic fluoride solutions on early enamel erosion in vivo.", "\nAcidic fluoride solutions may reduce dental erosion. ", "The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different acidic fluoride solutions on enamel dissolution using an established in vivo model. ", "When possible 4 anterior teeth (255 teeth in a total of 67 subjects) were isolated and exposed to 0.01 M citric acid. ", "The acid was collected in test tubes before (etch I) and 5 min after (etch II) application of test fluoride preparations. ", "Acidic fluoride solutions (pH range 1.5-2.9), i.e. SnF(2), TiF(4) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) (all approx. ", "0.1 M F), HF (0.027, 0.055, 0.082 M F) and neutral NaF solution (0.1 M F) as control were applied to the labial surfaces of the teeth for 1 min (6 ml/min). ", "Enamel dissolution was examined by chemical analysis of calcium content in the citric acid etch solutions using atom absorption spectrometry. ", "The change in calcium concentration (DeltaCa) and the percentage of mean calcium reduction were calculated from the difference in calcium loss between etch I and etch II. ", "Statistical analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn's multiple comparison. ", "Results showed a mean DeltaCa of 0.671 mg/l (SD 0.625) for SnF(2), and ranged from 0.233 mg/l (SD 0.248) for the weakest HF solution to 0.373 mg/l (SD 0.310) for the strongest HF solution. ", "This represented a 67% reduction in enamel dissolution for SnF(2) and a 40-76% reduction for the HF solutions. ", "No reduction was observed for TiF(4) or NaF. The types of metal, pH and fluoride concentration are all important for the in vivo effect." ]

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[ "4 Pic My Day is a free software application from the Screen Capture subcategory, part of the Graphic Apps category.", "\nThe app is currently available in English and it was last updated on 2016-10-07. ", "The program can be installed on iOS.", "\n\n4 Pic My Day (version 1.2) has a file size of 54.74 MB and is available for download from our website.", "\nJust click the green Download button above to start. ", "Until now the program was downloaded 0 times.", "\nWe already checked that the download link to be safe, however for your own protection we recommend that you scan the downloaded software with your antivirus.", "\n\nProgram Details\n\nGeneral\n\nCategory\n\nSystem requirements\n\nOperating systems\n\nios\n\nDownload information\n\nFile size\n\n54.74 MB\n\nTotal downloads\n\n0\n\nPricing\n\nLicense model\n\nFree\n\nPrice\n\nN/A\n\nVersion History\n\nHere you can find the changelog of 4 Pic My Day since it was posted on our website on 2016-12-24.", "\nThe latest version is 1.2 and it was updated on soft112.com on 2018-03-26.", "\nSee below the changes in each version:" ]

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[ "Within each of us lives an undiscovered Tina Turner or budding Frank Sinatra just waiting to be unleashed into a dark bar by way of a microphone and sound system. ", "Or so we think. ", "But with a little liquid courage and a lot of conviction, we can all be karaoke stars. ", "These 16 bars will help feed those musical cravings every night of the week with private rooms for the shy songbirds, live bands for advanced folks and everything in between." ]

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[ "RUN: LLVMFuzzer-TraceMallocTest -seed=1 -trace_malloc=1 -runs=10000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s\nCHECK-DAG: MallocFreeTracer: STOP 0 0 (same)\nCHECK-DAG: MallocFreeTracer: STOP 0 1 (DIFFERENT)\nCHECK-DAG: MallocFreeTracer: STOP 1 0 (DIFFERENT)\nCHECK-DAG: MallocFreeTracer: STOP 1 1 (same)\n\nRUN: LLVMFuzzer-TraceMallocTest -seed=1 -trace_malloc=2 -runs=1000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=TRACE2\nTRACE2-DAG: FREE[0]\nTRACE2-DAG: MALLOC[0]\nTRACE2-DAG: in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to add a function referencing another column to libreoffice-calc?", "\n\nSorry for the simple question, I was expecting this to be a 2 minute job but it has proved much trickier to figure out than I planned, and the 'Function Wizard' has been no help.", "\nI have a spreadsheet of products (one row = one product, columns = product name | stock | RRP etc).", "\nColumn D gives cost price excluding vat, I need to add another column giving cost including vat ( column D + 20% ). ", "\nI've figured out how to add functions to, and reference specific cels, so I can do it on a cel by cel basis =SUM(D2*(1.2)) but for obvious reasons, I'd rather do this once for the column instead of doing 10k+ products one by one! ", "What am I missing?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe \"Fill Down\" feature may be useful in your case:\n\nSelect the first cell holding your formula and all the cells down your sheet where the formula should get inserted;\nSelect Menu \"Edit\" -> \"Fill\" -> \"Down\", or hit CTRL+D\n\nThis will make Calc to copy the formula into all selected cells, updating the cell references (except if you have absolute references using the dollar sign).", "\nFor 10k+ rows, this may take a short time, since Calc will calculate the results, too, but it should work at least.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Qualunque sarà la sua composizione, il nuovo governo si troverà ben presto tra le mani la patata bollente del nucleare. ", "Il rientro delle scorie da Francia e Inghilterra, dove furono trattate in seguito allo smantellamento post-referendario, è fissato per il 2025: vale a dire che, a quella data, il deposito nazionale italiano per le scorie dovrà essere, almeno parzialmente, attivo.", "\n\nAd oggi, però, non si conosce nemmeno l'ubicazione del sito : a marzo, con due anni di ritardo sulla tabella di marcia di Bruxelles, il ministro dello Sviluppo economico Calenda ha finalmente annunciato la pubblicazione della cosiddetta CNAPI, la Carta nazionale delle aree potenzialmente idonee: il documento per adesso resta top secret e probabilmente bisognerà attendere l'arrivo del nuovo esecutivo per conoscere i potenziali siti. ", "Nel frattempo, per saperne qualcosa di più, ci siamo rivolti a Luca Desiata, l'amministratore delegato diSogin, la società statale che da 30 anni sta seguendo il processo di decommissioning nucleare, tanto da essere diventata una vera autorità internazionale in materia.", "\n\n\"Per quanto riguarda il deposito nazionale - ci ha spiegato - Sogin è pronta con la cosiddetta CNAPI, la Carta nazionale delle aree potenzialmente idonee. ", "Per porterla pubblicare ed avviare la consultazione pubblica prevista dalla legge, abbiamo però bisogno del nulla osta da parte dei ministeri competenti. ", "Noi oggi non siamo autorizzati a parlare ufficialmente con i territori, vale a dire che non possiamo comunicare a un territorio né se è stato incluso, tantomeno se è stato escluso dalla lista dei potenziali siti. ", "In assenza di ciò, va da sé che al momento non siamo nella posizione di iniziare questo dibattito sul territorio\".", "\n\nIn base a quali requisiti sono stati individuti i territori inclusi nella carta?", "\n\n\"Innanzitutto i criteri sono stabiliti pubblicamente in base agli standard internazionali dell'Agenzia per l'energia atomica, che abbiamo recepito per poter stilare la nostra carta. ", "I criteri sono principalmente 3, ovvvero la sismicità (la zona prescelta dev'essere a basso rischio sismico) le caratteristiche idrogeologiche (il terreno dev'essere stabile e il più possibile lontano da corsi d'acqua), e infine la distanza dai centri urbani\"\n\nMa anche una volta che il sito sarà individuato, non c'è il rischio che la cittadinanza si metta di traverso, come già avvenuto col Tav in Piemonte o il Tap in Puglia? ", "In Italia le proteste di tipo Nimby non sono una novità...\n\n\"Noi affrontiamo il rischio Nimby nella quotidianità, in quanto ci occupiamo dello smantellamento di 9 siti nucleari nella sola Italia. ", "Riteniamo che la trasparenza e la completezza delle informazioni sia il miglior antidoto contro la sindrome Nimby. ", "Ad oggi purtroppo non possiamo entrare in contatto con le amministrazioni nemmeno per sondare il pubblico interesse. ", "Ciò che è previsto per legge, e a cui ci stiamo preparando è una fitta agenda di incontri informativi sul territorio interessato, in modo tale da dare un'informazione il piû possibile trasparente e oggettiva, al di là di quelle che possono essere le emotività legate al nucleare, anche perché qui non stiamo parlare di una centrale in esercizio ma di un deposito di scorie nucleari inerti\"." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMasking text for transparency in CSS (cross-browser, not IE-6 or lower)\n\nWhat I need is a black box filled with transparent text over a background image.", "\nSee this example:\n\nIs this possible? ", "If so, how can I do it?", "\n\nA:\n\nThere is no cross-browser solution yet, only webkit seems to support masks.", "\n-webkit-mask-image: url(/path/to/mask.png);\n\nhttp://trentwalton.com/2011/05/19/mask-image-text/\n\n" ]

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[ "// Title: QueryGrid.h\n// Created: Thu Sep 25 14:29:55 2003\n// Authors: Richard Keiser, Oliver Knoll, Mark Pauly, Matthias Zwicker\n//\n// Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003 Computer Graphics Lab, ETH Zurich\n//\n// This file is part of the Pointshop3D system.", "\n// See http://www.pointshop3d.com/ for more information.", "\n//\n// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as\n// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of\n// the License, or (at your option) any later version.", "\n//\n// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", " See the\n// GNU General Public License for more details.", "\n//\n// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public\n// License along with this program; if not, write to the Free\n// Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,\n// MA 02111-1307, USA.", "\n//\n// Contact [email protected] if any conditions of this\n// licensing are not clear to you.", "\n//\n\n#ifndef __QUERYGRID_H_\n#define __QUERYGRID_H_\n\n#include \"Vector3D.h\"\n#include \"PriorityQueue.h\"\n\n\nnamespace kdtree {\n\n\t/**\n\t* A dynamic structure for distance and nearest neighbor query in 3D using a grid\n\t* \n\t* code is used from \"Fast Surface Particle Repulsion\" by Paul S. Heckbert (1997)\n\t*\n\t* @author Richard Keiser\n\t* @version 1.2\n\t*/\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tclass QueryGrid {\n\tpublic:\n\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* a grid index consists of an object and its position\n\t\t*/\n\t\ttypedef struct index {\n\t\t\tObj*\t\tobj;\n\t\t\tVector3D\tposition;\n\t\t} Index;\n\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* a grid element consists of an <code>Index</code> and a pointer to another element\n\t\t*/\n\t\ttypedef struct element {\n\t\t\tIndex\t\t\tindex;\n\t\t\tstruct element\t*next;\n\t\t} Element;\n\n\n\tpublic:\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* Initializes the query grid\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param nOfBits\n\t\t*\t\t\t2^(nOfBits*3) cells\n\t\t* @param diam\n\t\t*\t\t\tdiameter of the sphere enclosing all objects\n\t\t*/\n\t\tQueryGrid(int nOfBits, float diam);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* Destructor\n\t\t*/\n\t\t~QueryGrid();\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* set the number of nearest neighbours which have to be looked at for a query\n\t\t* For range queries, this is an upper number of neighbours inside the specified range\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param newNOfNeighbours\n\t\t*\t\t\tthe number of nearest neighbours\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid setNOfNeighbours (const unsigned int nOfNeighbours);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* get the index of the i-th nearest neighbour to the query point\n\t\t* i must be smaller than the number of found neighbours\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param i\n\t\t*\t\t\tindex of the nearest neighbour\n\t\t* @return the i-th nearest neighbour\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline Obj* getNeighbourObject (const unsigned int i);\n\t\t/** \n\t\t* get the position of the i-th nearest neighbour\n\t\t* i must be smaller than the number of found neighbours\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param i\n\t\t*\t\t\tindex of the nearest neighbour\n\t\t* @return the position of the i-th nearest neighbour\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline Vector3D getNeighbourPosition(const unsigned int i);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* get the squared distance of the query point and its i-th nearest neighbour\n\t\t* i must be smaller than the number of found neighbours\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param i\n\t\t*\t\t\tindex of the nearest neighbour\n\t\t* @return the squared distance to the i-th nearest neighbour\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline float getSquaredDistance (const unsigned int i);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* get the number of found neighbours\n\t\t* Generally, this is equal to the number of query neighbours\n\t\t* except for range queries, where this number may be smaller than the number of query neigbhbours\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @return the number of found neighbours\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline unsigned int getNOfFoundNeighbours();\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* statistics for resuiting the cell sizes if necessary\n\t\t* calls regrid if cubes are wrong size/number\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param diam\n\t\t*\t\t\tdiameter of object cloud, in world space\n\t\t* @param rAvg\n\t\t*\t\t\taverage radius of queries, in world space\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid queryAdvisory(float diam, float rAvg);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* statistics for resuiting the cell sizes if necessary\n\t\t* calls regrid if cubes are wrong size/number\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param rAvg\n\t\t*\t\t\taverage radius of queries, in world space\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid queryAdvisoryAverageQueryRadius(float rAvg);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* statistics for resuiting the cell sizes if necessary\n\t\t* calls regrid if cubes are wrong size/number\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param diam\n\t\t*\t\t\tdiameter of object cloud, in world space\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid queryAdvisoryDiameter(float diam);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* return m_bucket given bounded integer indices\n\t\t* each index must be in the range 0..m_mask\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @return List of <code>Element</code>s if the m_bucket is not empty, NULL otherwise\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline Element** getBucket(int x, int y, int z) const {\n\t\t\treturn &m_bucket[(( (x<<m_nOfBits) | y) <<m_nOfBits) | z];\n\t\t}\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* return m_bucket given bounded integer indices\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @return List of <code>Element</code>s if the m_bucket is not empty, NULL otherwise\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline Element** getBucket(const Vector3D pos) const{\n\t\t\treturn getBucket((int)floor(pos[0]/m_cubeSize) & m_mask, (int)floor(pos[1]/m_cubeSize) & m_mask, (int)floor(pos[2]/m_cubeSize) & m_mask);\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* add object to set\n\t\t* \n\t\t* @param obj\n\t\t*\t\t\tthe new object to add to the right cell\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline void insert(Obj* obj, const Vector3D &position);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* add a list of objects to set\n\t\t* \n\t\t* @param obj\n\t\t*\t\t\tthe object lists\n\t\t* @param nOfObjects\n\t\t*\t\t\tthe number of objects\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid insert(Obj* *oList, Vector3D *positionList, const unsigned int nOfObjects);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* removes an object from the set\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param obj\n\t\t*\t\t\tthe object to remove form the corresponding cell\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline void remove(Obj* obj, const Vector3D &position);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* deletes all objects from the set\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid clear();\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* update particle's position to new position\n\t\t*\n\t\t* Removes the object from the old cell and adds it to a new cell corresponding to newPos.", "\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param obj\n\t\t*\t\tthe object to move\n\t\t* @param newPos\n\t\t*\t\tthe new position of <code>obj</code>\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid move(Obj* obj, const Vector3D &oldPos, const Vector3D &newPos);\n\t\t/** \n\t\t* queries for all objects within radius maxDist of position pos\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param pos\n\t\t*\t\t\tthe query position\n\t\t* @param maxDist\n\t\t*\t\t\tthe radius of the query\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid queryRange(const Vector3D &pos, const float maxDist);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* Get the object at position <code>pos</code>. ", "If there is no object at this position, NULL is returned.", "\n\t\t*\n\t\t* @param pos\n\t\t*\t\t\tthe position of the object\n\t\t* @return the object or NULL if no object exists.", "\n\t\t*/\n\t\tObj* getObject(const Vector3D &pos);\n\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* initialize statistics\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid initStats();\n\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* gets the statistics\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid getStats(int &nsingle, int &nwrap, int &ncube, int &nempty) const;\n\n\tprotected:\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* change number of bits and cubesize, rebuild datastructure\n\t\t*/\n\t\tvoid regrid(int nOfBits, float size);\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* returns the number of buckets in x, y, or z\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline int getNOfBucketsPerAxis() const {\n\t\t\treturn 1<<m_nOfBits;\n\t\t}\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* returns the total number of buckets\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline int getNOfBuckets() const {\n\t\t\treturn 1<<(3*m_nOfBits);\n\t\t}\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* returns the size of the entire cubical space\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline float getSize() const {\n\t\t\treturn getNOfBucketsPerAxis()*m_cubeSize;\n\t\t}\n\t\t/**\n\t\t* inserts an element\n\t\t*/\n\t\tinline void insert(Element* e);\n\n\tprivate:\n\t\ttypedef MaxPriorityQueue<Index*, float> PQueue;\n\t\ttypedef typename PQueue::Element Neighbour;\n\n\n\t\tElement\t\t\t\t**m_bucket;\t\t\t// array of cubical hash m_bucket; each contains a linked list of particles\n\t\tint\t\t\t\t\tm_nOfBits;\t\t\t// number of bits per dimension for hash table\n\t\tint\t\t\t\t\tm_mask;\t\t\t\t// for hashing, m_mask = 2^nbit - 1\n\t\tfloat\t\t\t\tm_cubeSize;\t\t\t// size of a cube\n\t\tfloat\t\t\t\tm_rAvg;\t\t\t\t// average radius of queries, in world space\n\t\tfloat\t\t\t\tm_diam;\t\t\t\t// diameter of object cloud, in world space\n\n\t\tint\t\t\t\t\tm_nOfObjects;\t\t// number of objects\n\n\t\tNeighbour\t\t\t*m_neighbours;\t\t// the queried neighbors\n\t\tunsigned int\t\tm_nOfNeighbours;\t// the maximum number of query neighbors\n\t\tunsigned int\t\tm_nOfFoundNeighbours;\t// the found number of query neighbors\n\t\tPQueue\t\t\t\t*m_queryPriorityQueue;\n\n\t\t// statistics for testing\n\t\tint\t\t\t\t\tm_nmove_attempt;\t// number of calls to move()\n\t\tint\t\t\t\t\tm_nmove_actual;\t\t// number of particles actually moved\n\t\tint\t\t\t\t\tm_nqsingle, m_nqwrap, m_ncrange, m_ncempty;\t// queryRange and queryPosition stats\n\t\t// testing queryAdvisory\n\t\tint\t\t\t\t\tm_manualoverride;\n\n\t\t//perform the range query\n\t\tvoid doRangeQuery(const Vector3D &pos, const float maxDist);\n\n\n\t};\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tQueryGrid<Obj>::QueryGrid(int nOfBits, float diam) {\n\t\tint\t\t\tnOfBuckets,\n\t\t\ti;\n\n\n\t\tm_nOfBits = nOfBits;\n\t\tm_mask = getNOfBucketsPerAxis() - 1;\n\t\tnOfBuckets = getNOfBuckets();\n\t\tm_bucket = new Element*[nOfBuckets];\n\t\tfor (i=0; i<nOfBuckets; i++) {\n\t\t\tm_bucket[i] = NULL;\n\t\t}\n\t\tm_cubeSize = diam / getNOfBucketsPerAxis();\n\t\tm_diam = diam;\n\t\tm_nOfObjects = 0;\n\t\tm_nOfNeighbours = 0;\n\t\tm_nOfFoundNeighbours = 0;\n\t\tm_neighbours = NULL;\n\t\tm_queryPriorityQueue = new PQueue();\n\t\tm_rAvg = -1;\n\n\t\tm_manualoverride = 0;\n\t\tm_nmove_attempt = 0;\n\t\tm_nmove_actual = 0;\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tQueryGrid<Obj>::~QueryGrid() {\n\t\tdelete m_queryPriorityQueue;\n\t\tclear();\n\t\tdelete[] m_bucket;\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::clear() {\n\t\tint i;\n\t\tint nOfBuckets = getNOfBuckets();\n\t\tElement *e, *next;\n\t\tfor (i=0; i<nOfBuckets; i++) {\n\t\t\te=m_bucket[i];\n\t\t\twhile (e) {\n\t\t\t\tnext = e->next;\n\t\t\t\tdelete e;\n\t\t\t\te = next;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tm_bucket[i] = NULL;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::queryAdvisory(float diam, float rAvg) {\n\t\tm_rAvg = rAvg;\n\t\tm_diam = diam;\n\t\tfloat s = getSize();\n\t\tint n = m_nOfBits;\n\t\trAvg /= m_cubeSize;\n\n\n\t\t// if queries too big or too small, then grow or shrink cubesize respectively,\n\t\t// sqrt(a*b) is the geometric mean of the numbers a and b\n\t\tif (rAvg>0 && (rAvg < 0.7f || rAvg > 1.0f)) {\n\t\t\ts *= (float)(rAvg / sqrt(.7f*1.0f));\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// if points only take up a fraction of the space, use fewer buckets\n\t\tif (m_diam < 0.5f*s && n > 0) {\n\t\t\tn--;\n\t\t\ts /= 2.0f;\n\t\t}\n\t\t// if points wrap around use more buckets\n\t\telse if (m_diam > 1.2f*s && n<6) {\n\t\t\tn++;\n\t\t\ts *= 2.0f;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif (n !", "= m_nOfBits || s !", "= getSize()) {\n\t\t\tregrid(n, s);\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::queryAdvisoryAverageQueryRadius(float rAvg) {\n\t\tqueryAdvisory(m_diam, rAvg);\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::queryAdvisoryDiameter(float diam) {\n\t\tqueryAdvisory(diam, m_rAvg);\n\t}\n\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::regrid(int nOfBits, float size) {\n\t\tif (m_cubeSize == size / getNOfBucketsPerAxis() && m_nOfBits == nOfBits) {\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// create a linked list of all objects in a set, empty the buckets\n\t\tElement *first = NULL, *p, *q;\n\t\tint i;\n\t\tint nOfBuckets = getNOfBuckets();\n\t\tfor (i=0; i<nOfBuckets; i++) {\n\t\t\tp = m_bucket[i];\n\t\t\tif (p) {\n\t\t\t\t// find end of m_bucket's list\n\t\t\t\tfor (q=p; q->next; q=q->next); \n\t\t\t\tq->next = first;\n\t\t\t\tfirst = p;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif (m_nOfBits !", "= nOfBits) {\n\t\t\tdelete[] m_bucket;\n\t\t\tm_nOfBits = nOfBits;\n\t\t\tnOfBuckets = getNOfBuckets();\n\t\t\tm_mask = getNOfBucketsPerAxis() - 1;\n\t\t\tm_bucket = new Element*[nOfBuckets];\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tfor (i=0; i<nOfBuckets; i++) {\n\t\t\tm_bucket[i] = NULL;\t\t// empty buckets\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tm_nOfObjects = 0;\n\t\tm_cubeSize = size / getNOfBucketsPerAxis();\n\n\t\t//redistribute objects to new cells\n\t\tfor (p=first; p; p=q) {\n\t\t\tq = p->next;\n\t\t\tinsert(p);\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tinline void QueryGrid<Obj>::insert(Obj* obj, const Vector3D &position) {\n\t\tElement **b;\n\t\tb = getBucket(position);\n\t\tElement *e = new Element;\n\t\te->index.obj = obj;\n\t\te->index.position = position;\n\t\te->next = *b;\t\n\t\t*b = e;\n\t\tm_nOfObjects++;\n\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tinline void QueryGrid<Obj>::insert(Element* e) {\n\t\tElement **b;\n\t\tb = getBucket(e->index.position);\n\t\te->next = *b;\t\n\t\t*b = e;\n\t\tm_nOfObjects++;\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::insert(Obj* *oList, Vector3D *vecList, const unsigned int nOfObjects) {\n\t\tfor (unsigned int i=0; i<nOfObjects; i++) {\n\t\t\tinsert(oList[i], vecList[i]);\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tinline void QueryGrid<Obj>::remove(Obj* obj, const Vector3D &position) {\n\t\tElement **b, *e, *e0;\n\t\tb = getBucket(position);\n\t\tif ((*b)->index.obj == obj) {\n\t\t\te0 = *b;\n\t\t\t*b = e0->next;\n\t\t\tdelete e0;\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tfor (e=*b; e->next && e->next->index.obj !", "= obj; e=e->next);\t// find predecessor to obj\n\t\t\tASSERT(e);\n\t\t\te0 = e->next;\n\t\t\te->next = e->next->next;\n\t\t\tdelete e0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tm_nOfObjects--;\n\t}\n\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::move(Obj* obj, const Vector3D &oldPos, const Vector3D &newPos) {\n\t\tif (!", "obj) {\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\t\tm_nmove_attempt++;\n\t\tElement **b0, **bn;\n\t\tElement *eo;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t// element containing obj;\n\t\tb0 = getBucket(oldPos);\t// old m_bucket\n\t\tif (!*", "b0) {\n\t\t\treturn;\t\t\t\t\t\t// no elements\n\t\t}\n\t\tbn = getBucket(newPos);\t\t\t// new m_bucket\n\t\tif (bn == b0) {\n\t\t\tElement *e;\n\t\t\tfor (e=*b0; e && (e->index.obj !", "= obj); e=e->next); // find bucket of p\n\t\t\tif (e) {\n\t\t\t\te->index.position = newPos;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\t\t// delete Element containing obj from b0's list\n\t\tif ((*b0)->index.obj == obj) {\n\t\t\teo = *b0;\n\t\t\t*b0 = eo->next;\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tElement *e;\n\t\t\tfor (e=*b0; e->next && e->next->index.obj !", "= obj; e=e->next); // find predecessor (e->next) to obj\n\t\t\tASSERT(e->next);\t// e->next == NULL -> obj is not in the list\n\t\t\teo = e->next;\n\t\t\te->next = e->next->next;\t// leave the element with obj out;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// insert eo into m_bucket bn's list\n\t\teo->next = *bn;\n\t\teo->index.position = newPos;\n\t\t*bn = eo;\n\t\tm_nmove_actual++;\n\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tObj* QueryGrid<Obj>::getObject(const Vector3D &pos) {\n\n\t\tElement **b0;\t\t\t// element containing obj;\n\t\tElement *e;\n\n\t\tb0 = getBucket(pos);\t\t\n\t\tfor (e=*b0; e; e=e->next) {\n\t\t\tif (e->index.position[0] == pos[0] && e->index.position[1] == pos[1] && e->index.position[2] == pos[2]) {\n\t\t\t\treturn e->index.obj;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn NULL;\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::queryRange(const Vector3D &pos, const float maxDist) {\n\t\tif (!", "m_neighbours) {\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\t\tm_queryPriorityQueue->init();\n\t\tm_queryPriorityQueue->insert(NULL, maxDist*maxDist);\n\n\t\tdoRangeQuery(pos, maxDist);\n\t\tm_nOfFoundNeighbours = 0;\n\n\t\tint cnt = m_queryPriorityQueue->getNofElements() - 1;\n\n\t\twhile(cnt >= 0) {\n\t\t\tm_neighbours[cnt] = m_queryPriorityQueue->getMax();\n\t\t\tif (m_neighbours[cnt].index) {\n\t\t\t\tm_nOfFoundNeighbours++;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tm_queryPriorityQueue->removeMax();\n\t\t\tcnt--;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::doRangeQuery(const Vector3D &pos, const float maxDist) {\n\t\tfloat maxSqrDist = maxDist*maxDist;\n\t\tfloat sqrDist;\n\t\t// indices of cube containing point pos\n\t\tint xc = (int)floor(pos[0]/m_cubeSize);\n\t\tint yc = (int)floor(pos[1]/m_cubeSize);\n\t\tint zc = (int)floor(pos[2]/m_cubeSize);\n\t\t// find bounding box of sphere of radius r around pos\n\t\tint x0 = (int)floor((pos[0]-maxDist)/m_cubeSize);\n\t\tint y0 = (int)floor((pos[1]-maxDist)/m_cubeSize);\n\t\tint z0 = (int)floor((pos[2]-maxDist)/m_cubeSize);\n\t\tint x1 = (int)floor((pos[0]+maxDist)/m_cubeSize);\n\t\tint y1 = (int)floor((pos[1]+maxDist)/m_cubeSize);\n\t\tint z1 = (int)floor((pos[2]+maxDist)/m_cubeSize);\n\n\t\tint size = x1-x0;\n\t\tif (y1-y0 > size) {\n\t\t\tsize = y1-y0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tif (z1-z0 > size) {\n\t\t\tsize = z1-z0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tsize++;\t//largest dimension of parallelepiped of cubes\n\n\t\t// 1. ", "sphere fits in 1 cube\n\t\tif (size==1) {\n\t\t\tElement *e = *getBucket(x0 & m_mask, y0 & m_mask, z0 & m_mask);\n\t\t\tfor(; e; e=e->next) {\n\t\t\t\tsqrDist = (e->index.position - pos).getSquaredLength();\n\t\t\t\tif (sqrDist < m_queryPriorityQueue->getMaxWeight()) {\n\t\t\t\t\tm_queryPriorityQueue->insert(&e->index, sqrDist);\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tm_nqsingle++;\n\t\t\tm_ncrange++;\n\t\t}\n\t\t// 2. ", "sphere wraps around!", "\n\t\telse if (size > getNOfBucketsPerAxis()) {\n\t\t\t// visit every object\n\t\t\t// (we do not use the usual sphere scan conversion method because wraparound could cause that to visit some m_bucket repeatedly)\n\t\t\tint i;\n\t\t\tint nOfBuckets = getNOfBuckets();\n\t\t\tElement *e;\n\t\t\tfor (i=0; i<nOfBuckets; i++) {\n\t\t\t\tfor (e=m_bucket[i]; e; e=e->next) {\n\t\t\t\t\tsqrDist = (e->index.position - pos).getSquaredLength();\n\t\t\t\t\tif (sqrDist < m_queryPriorityQueue->getMaxWeight()) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tm_queryPriorityQueue->insert(&e->index, sqrDist);\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tm_nqwrap++;\n\t\t\tm_ncrange += nOfBuckets;\n\t\t}\n\t\t// 3. ", "sphere intersects >1 cube\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\t// visit all cubes within bounding box\n\t\t\tint x, y, z;\n\t\t\tfloat dx,dy, dz, r2_x2_y2;\n\t\t\tElement *e;\n\t\t\t// find vector (dx, dy, dz) to point of cube (x, y, z) nearest to p\n\t\t\tfor (x=x0; x<=x1; x++) {\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tif (x<xc) {\n\t\t\t\t\tdx = (x+1)*m_cubeSize - pos[0];\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse if (x>xc) {\n\t\t\t\t\tdx = x*m_cubeSize - pos[0];\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tdx = 0;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tfor (y=y0; y<=y1; y++) {\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tif (y<yc) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdy = (y+1)*m_cubeSize - pos[1];\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse if (y>yc) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdy = y*m_cubeSize - pos[1];\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdy = 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tr2_x2_y2 = maxSqrDist - dx*dx - dy*dy;\n\t\t\t\t\tif (r2_x2_y2 < 0) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcontinue;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tfor (z=z0; z<=z1; z++) {\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif (z<zc) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdz = (z+1)*m_cubeSize - pos[2];\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\telse if (z>zc) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdz = z*m_cubeSize - pos[2];\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdz = 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// skip cubes that do not intersect sphere of radius r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif (dz*dz < r2_x2_y2) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\te = *getBucket(x & m_mask, y & m_mask, z & m_mask);\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif (!", "e) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tm_ncempty++;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfor (; e; e=e->next) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsqrDist = (e->index.position - pos).getSquaredLength();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif (sqrDist < m_queryPriorityQueue->getMaxWeight()) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tm_queryPriorityQueue->insert(&e->index, sqrDist);\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tm_ncrange++;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::initStats() {\n\t\tm_nqsingle = 0;\n\t\tm_nqwrap = 0;\n\t\tm_ncrange = 0;\n\t\tm_ncempty = 0;\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::getStats(int &nsingle, int &nwrap, int &ncube, int &nempty) const {\n\t\tnqsingle = m_nsqsingle;\n\t\tnwrap = m_nwrap;\n\t\tncube = m_ncube;\n\t\tnemtpy = m_nempty;\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tvoid QueryGrid<Obj>::setNOfNeighbours (const unsigned int nOfNeighbours) {\n\t\tif (nOfNeighbours !", "= m_nOfNeighbours) {\n\t\t\tm_nOfNeighbours = nOfNeighbours;\n\t\t\tif (m_neighbours) {\n\t\t\t\tdelete m_neighbours;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tm_queryPriorityQueue->setSize(m_nOfNeighbours);\n\t\t\tm_nOfNeighbours = nOfNeighbours;\n\t\t\tm_neighbours = new Neighbour[m_nOfNeighbours];\n\t\t\tm_nOfFoundNeighbours = 0;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tinline Obj* QueryGrid<Obj>::getNeighbourObject (const unsigned int i) {\n\t\treturn m_neighbours[i].index->obj;\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tinline Vector3D QueryGrid<Obj>::getNeighbourPosition(const unsigned int i) {\n\t\treturn m_neighbours[i].index->position;\t\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tinline float QueryGrid<Obj>::getSquaredDistance (const unsigned int i) {\n\t\treturn m_neighbours[i].weight;\n\t}\n\n\ttemplate<class Obj>\n\tinline unsigned int QueryGrid<Obj>::getNOfFoundNeighbours() {\n\t\treturn m_nOfFoundNeighbours;\n\t}\n\n}\n\n\n#endif\n// Some Emacs-Hints -- please don't remove:\n//\n// Local Variables:\n// mode:C++\n// tab-width:4\n// End:\n" ]

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[ "1. ", "Introduction {#sec1}\n===============\n\n*Mycobacterium tuberculosis*is one of the most ancient and life-threatening pathogens for mankind. ", "More than one-third of the world\\'s population harbours the tubercle bacilli asymptomatically. ", "However, only 5--10% of the infected individuals develop the disease \\[[@B1]\\]. ", "In 2012, one-third of the global deaths occurring due to tuberculosis were reported in India and South Africa \\[[@B2]\\]. ", "The interindividual variation in disease susceptibility and progression is a consequence of the varied extent of host response to*M. tuberculosis.*Genetic polymorphism in Mannose Binding Lectin-2 (*MBL-2*), a central player in the innate immune response and Vitamin D Receptor (*VDR*), an immunomodulator has been found to influence the susceptibility to tuberculosis \\[[@B3], [@B4]\\].", "\n\nThe MBL-2, a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system \\[[@B5]\\], acts as the first line of defense against infectious agents including*M. tuberculosis*. ", "The MBL-2 enhances the opsonization and facilitates phagocytosis of infectious agents. ", "Variations in*MBL-2* gene influences tuberculosis susceptibility and the reports of*MBL-2* gene involvement have been contradictory \\[[@B6], [@B7]\\]. ", "Low levels of MBL-2 have been associated with protection against tuberculosis \\[[@B8]--[@B10]\\] while others have reported its association with tuberculosis susceptibility \\[[@B11]--[@B13]\\]. ", "The lower levels of MBL-2 have been attributed to the structural gene variants in the first exon of the gene:*MBL-2* D (C\\>T transition, Arg52Cys), B (G\\>A transition, Gly54Asp), and C (G\\>A transition, Gly57Glu) are collectively referred to as O allele while wild type is referred to as A allele \\[[@B14], [@B15]\\]. ", "These results in the amino acid substitution in collagen like domain, significantly decreasing the functional MBL-2 serum levels \\[[@B16]\\]. ", "The Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region,*MBL-2* H/L (C\\>G transition, −550 bp in promoter region), Y/X (G\\>C transition, −221 bp in promoter region), and P/Q (C\\>T transition, +4 bp in 5′ UTR region) \\[[@B17]\\], influence the MBL-2 transcription thus modulating the MBL-2 protein levels in serum.", "\n\nThe role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, an active metabolite of vitamin D in the calcium metabolism regulation, is well established. ", "Vitamin D3 plays a key role of an immunomodulatory hormone, whose actions are mediated through binding to a nuclear receptor, Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). ", "Vitamin D3 activates macrophages enhancing the phagocytosis and thus restricts the*M. tuberculosis* proliferation \\[[@B18]\\]. ", "The polymorphism in the*VDR* gene may influence the VDR activity, subsequently associating it with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis and various clinical outcomes \\[[@B3], [@B19]\\]. ", "Several polymorphisms have been identified in*VDR* genes recognized by restriction endonucleases. ", "These include*FokI* in the coding region and*BsmI*,*ApaI*, and*TaqI* in the 3′ untranslated region. ", "The*FokI* polymorphism (F/f, C\\>T) in exon 2 results in*VDR* length differentiation by three amino acids producing a less active 3 amino acid-elongated*VDR* when encoded by the \"f\" allele \\[[@B20]\\].*BsmI*polymorphism (B/b, T\\>G) and*ApaI* polymorphism (A/a, T\\>G) occur in the intron separating exons 8 and 9.*TaqI* polymorphism (T/t, T\\>C) in exon 9, a synonymous SNP coding for isoleucine, enhances the VDR mRNA stability \\[[@B21]\\].", "\n\nThe aim of the present study was to estimate the allele and the genotype frequency distribution for*MBL-2* and*VDR* gene polymorphism in Indian population and comparative analysis of the observed data with global population reported previously to get a glimpse of ethnic variability among different populations across the world.", "\n\n2. ", "Materials and Methods {#sec2}\n========================\n\n2.1. ", "Study Population {#sec2.1}\n---------------------\n\nThe unrelated disease-free healthy subjects\\' samples were recruited at B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. ", "The age of healthy subjects was in the range of 19--50 years with male/female ratio of 5.4. ", "The control individuals had no known history of tuberculosis. ", "Healthy group comprised of individuals from western and northern parts of the country. ", "Populations within Indian subcontinent are heterogeneous and represent elements of several ancestries. ", "However, ancestry lineages are no longer demarcated in present geographical regions. ", "Separate methods were used for the genotyping studies for*MBL-2* and*VDR*. ", "Samples which did not meet particular quality parameters for analysis were not included. ", "This resulted in variation of sample size for all the polymorphisms studied. ", "The*MBL-2* polymorphisms were studied by sequencing of samples in 96-well plate; two of the samples failed to amplify. ", "Genomic DNA of healthy subjects was extracted using phenol-chloroform extraction method \\[[@B22]\\]. ", "Institutional ethical clearance and written informed consent of the blood donors were obtained prior to blood collection from the individuals.", "\n\n2.2. ", "Genotyping {#sec2.2}\n---------------\n\nThe six SNPs in the*MBL-2* gene promoter and exon 1 (GenBank accession: rs11003125, rs7096206, rs7095891, rs5030737, rs1800450, and rs1800451) were genotyped by directly sequencing the 964 bp region amplified from genomic DNA samples of 94 disease-free healthy subjects. ", "A preamplified PCR product of amplicon size 964 bp bracketing the region surrounding the polymorphic sites was sent for direct sequencing to Macrogen Inc., Korea, using a pair of specific primers (mentioned in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nThe PCR amplification was performed for the*VDR* gene (*FokI*,*BsmI*,*TaqI,* and*ApaI*) polymorphism in a volume of 50 *µ*L in presence of 5 *µ*L of 10x PCR buffer provided with the*Taq polymerase*, 1.5 mM MgCl~2~, 0.2 mM dNTP mix, 0.2 *µ*M of each primer (mentioned in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}), 1-2 *µ*L of 1 U/*µ*L*Taq polymerase*, and 280 ng of genomic DNA and subjected to thermal cycler at annealing temperatures mentioned in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The amplified products were electrophoresed and visualized in ethidium bromide stained 1.5--2% agarose gels. ", "The amplified PCR products were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using respective restriction enzymes. ", "The genotypes were assigned in accordance with the number of bands obtained after the digestion for each of the four polymorphisms (for details see [Table 2](#tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n2.3. ", "Statistical Analysis {#sec2.3}\n-------------------------\n\n*MBL-2* and*VDR*alleles and genotype frequencies in disease-free healthy subjects were calculated by direct counting. ", "The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was determined. ", "Chi-square test was performed to compare the allelic frequencies of different populations and*p* values were calculated by unconditional logistic regression and*p* \\< 0.05 was considered to be significant. ", "Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis was performed by Haploview version 4.2 software developed at The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (<http://www.broadinstitute.org>). ", "The LD plot construction and haplotype frequencies were calculated using the same software \\[[@B23]\\]. ", "The standardized disequilibrium coefficient (*D*′) analysis between the*MBL-2* SNPs was also performed using the LD plot function of this software.", "\n\n3. ", "Results {#sec3}\n==========\n\nIn the present study,*MBL-2* promoter polymorphism (−550 H/L, −221 Y/X, and +4 P/Q) and exon 1 polymorphism (R52C: D allele, G54D: B allele, and G57F: C allele) were analyzed in 94 healthy subjects of Indian population shown in [Table 3](#tab3){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "All polymorphism with the exception of R52C were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. ", "The genotype and the allele frequency of*MBL-2* polymorphism are represented in [Table 3](#tab3){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The allelic frequency of*MBL-2* promoter polymorphism −550 H/L was H versus L: 32% versus 68%, −221 Y/X was Y versus X: 68% versus 32%, and +4 P/Q was P versus Q: 78% versus 22%. ", "The*MBL-2* exon 1 polymorphism mutant allelic frequency obtained for D, B, and C allele was 6%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. ", "The observed genotype and allele frequencies in Indian population were compared with the previously reported different populations worldwide by using chi-square tests to elucidate the differences in the distribution of*MBL-2* structural variant alleles (D, B, and C) and promoter variants ([Figure 1](#fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The observations for*MBL-2* structural polymorphisms were similar to the findings reported in South Indian population \\[[@B11]\\], Europeans \\[[@B24], [@B25]\\], Denmark \\[[@B4]\\], and Brazilian population \\[[@B26]\\] (*p* \\> 0.05) ([Figure 1](#fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "A significant difference was observed between the Indian (present study) and East African (Kenya) population for B (*p* = 0.002) and C (*p* \\< 0.0001) structural variants \\[[@B24]\\]. ", "In comparison to*MBL-2* promoter polymorphism distribution, a statistical significant genotype frequency distribution difference between the Indians (present study) and Chinese Han population (*p* \\< 0.01) was observed \\[[@B10]\\].", "\n\nThe sequence data generated for 964 bp*MBL-2* promoter region and exon 1 was analyzed for the patterns wherein the presence of a polymorphism at one position would be consistently associated with polymorphism at one or more other positions. ", "The examination of pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the*MBL-2* variants was performed by construction of LD plot which revealed the presence of a single haplotype block ([Figure 2](#fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Seven putative haplotypes spanning the length of the sequenced region have been identified with a frequency of more than 1% (CCCCG = 29.4%, GGCCG = 23.8%, CGTCG = 21.4%, CGCCA = 11.7%, GGCTG = 5.9%, CGCCG = 5%, and GCCCG =1.9%) \\[[@B27]\\].", "\n\nThe distribution of*VDR* genotypes and allele frequencies of*FokI*,*BsmI*,*TaqI,* and*ApaI* in Indian population is shown in [Table 4](#tab4){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The allelic frequency of \"f,\" \"b,\" \"t,\" and \"a\" alleles was 25%, 54%, 30%, and 61% obtained in Indian population. ", "The genotype frequency of*FokI* and*TaqI* was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. ", "The observed*VDR* polymorphism genotype frequency distribution was compared individually with the different populations worldwide by using *χ* ^2^ tests ([Figure 3](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "There was a statistically significant difference between Indians (present study) and the West Africans in*FokI*,*BsmI,* and*ApaI* polymorphism (*p* \\< 0.01) but nonsignificant difference in*TaqI* polymorphism (*p* = 0.142) \\[[@B28]\\]. ", "Japanese population differs significantly from Indians (present study) in*TaqI* and*ApaI* (*p* \\< 0.05) and*FokI* (*p* \\< 0.001) polymorphism \\[[@B29]\\].*VDR* polymorphism frequency distribution differs significantly from the Korean population in*TaqI* and*BsmI* (*p* \\< 0.01) but is similar in*ApaI* and*FokI* (*p* \\> 0.05) polymorphism \\[[@B30]\\]. ", "The frequency of the*VDR* genotypes in the present study also differs from that of studies conducted in North Indian and East Indian populations \\[[@B31], [@B32]\\]. ", "Upon comparative analysis, there was a significant difference in our data from East Indians in*TaqI*,*FokI,* and*BsmI* polymorphism (*p* \\< 0.01) and from North Indians in*ApaI*and*FokI* except*TaqI* polymorphism (*p* \\< 0.01). ", "The frequency observed was however similar to the Turkish population for*VDR FokI*,*BsmI*, and*TaqI* polymorphism \\[[@B33]\\]. ", "There was a statistically significant difference between Indians (present study) and the Europeans (Finnish, French, Austrians, and Swedes) (*p* \\< 0.01), as well as with Asians (Thais and Chinese) (*p* \\< 0.05), for*VDR FokI*,*ApaI,* and*TaqI* polymorphism ([Figure 3](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}) \\[[@B29], [@B31]\\]. ", "This demonstrates the genetic diversity within Indian population and also between different populations globally.", "\n\n4. ", "Discussion {#sec4}\n=============\n\nThe innate immunity is the first line of defense against infectious microorganisms. ", "There are several key players of the innate immune system that interact, coordinate, and act against these infectious agents. ", "Genetic variations in these key players can influence their mechanism of action leading to variable immune response. ", "MBL-2 and VDR are among these key players which influence the susceptibility to*M. tuberculosis* infection and disease development. ", "The present study involved the frequency distribution analyses of*MBL-2* and*VDR* polymorphisms, two molecules known to play a key role in tuberculosis susceptibility. ", "The study also included haplotype study for*MBL-2* polymorphisms and evaluation of global frequency distribution disparity among different populations worldwide.", "\n\nFrequency distribution of genotype and alleles of*VDR* and*MBL-2* gene varies among different ethnic population, which may lead to variable susceptibility to the infection. ", "For*VDR FokI* \"f\" allele, the frequency varies from 43% in Finland to 21% in West Africa. ", "The occurrence of \"f\" allele was much higher in Caucasian population. ", "The*VDR TaqI*\"t\" allele frequency was found to be higher in Caucasians than Asian and African populations. ", "The polymorphism*VDR BsmI* demonstrates a significant difference from the West African and other Asian populations.*VDR ApaI* \"a\" allele frequency varies from 35% in West Africa to 83% in Korea.*TaqI*,*ApaI,* and*BsmI*nonfunctional*VDR*polymorphisms show linkage disequilibrium and thus influence disease association indirectly \\[[@B34]\\]. ", "Studies by Selvaraj et al. ", "reported genotypes FF of*FokI*, TT of*TaqI,* and Bb of*BsmI* in males and tt of*TaqI* in females to be associated with pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility in South Indian population \\[[@B21], [@B35]\\]. ", "On the contrary, Sharma et al. (", "2011) reported the protective association of FF and TT genotype against the*Mycobacterium tuberculosis* infection in Central India \\[[@B34]\\]. ", "A study conducted in Gujarati Indians living in London showed strong association of ff genotype with pulmonary tuberculosis \\[[@B36]\\]. ", "Therefore, we are not able to draw any conclusion.", "\n\nIn summary, a lot of studies have been conducted through the years to understand the role of Vitamin D Receptor polymorphism in susceptibility to infectious diseases. ", "Unfortunately, the results have been conflicting and still the role of*VDR* in tuberculosis susceptibility is not clear: the polymorphism determines susceptibility to the development of clinical disease or susceptibility to infection. ", "Therefore the use of*VDR* polymorphism as marker for tuberculosis susceptibility is under debate.*MBL-2* variant alleles have been associated with lower serum MBL levels and contrasting associations for*MBL-2* variant alleles and mycobacterial infection have been reported in different populations.*VDR* and*MBL-2* polymorphisms\\' global and regional distribution, widely studied in several populations worldwide, varies significantly in each population, thus making it unique for the tuberculosis susceptibility studies. ", "The differences in genotype and allele frequencies observed between populations could have been result of different selective pressures such as differences in diet, climate, latitude, or exposure to pathogens leading to adaptations. ", "The efforts should be placed on a molecular understanding of the pathogenic processes, allowing a clear insight of genetic influences on the infectious diseases. ", "The population based studies are important to reveal the population specific component to tuberculosis susceptibility which can prove effective in incorporating this into treatment and prevention strategies specifically. ", "The study needs to be validated in larger samples to get a clearer picture of frequency distribution of*MBL-2* and*VDR* genetic variants and their association to tuberculosis susceptibility in different parts of India.", "\n\nThe authors thank Industries Commissionerate, Government of Gujarat, India, for funding this project. ", "They also thank Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) New Delhi, India, for providing Senior Research Fellowship to Ms. Anuroopa Gupta. ", "They acknowledge all the volunteers for participation in the study.", "\n\nEthical Approval\n================\n\nInstitutional ethical clearance was obtained.", "\n\nConsent\n=======\n\nWritten informed consent of the blood donors was obtained prior to blood collection from the individuals.", "\n\nConflict of Interests\n=====================\n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interests.", "\n\n![", "Graphical representation of*MBL-2* structural polymorphism mutant alleles (B, C, and D) variations across the global populations \\[[@B4], [@B11], [@B24], [@B26]\\].](GRI2015-264120.001){#fig1}\n\n![", "Graphical representation of Haploview LD graph of*MBL-2* gene. ", "Squares without numbers represent D′ values of 1.0; all numbers represent the D′ value expressed as a percentile. ", "Standard color scheme of Haploview was applied to LD color display (logarithm of odds \\[LOD\\] score ≥2 and D′ = 1, shown in bright red; LOD score ≥2 and D′ \\<1 shown in purple; LOD score \\<2 and D′ \\<1 shown in white).](GRI2015-264120.002){#fig2}\n\n![", "The graphical representation of*VDR* polymorphisms (*FokI, BsmI, TaqI*, and*ApaI*) variations across the global population \\[[@B28], [@B30]--[@B33], [@B37], [@B38]\\].](GRI2015-264120.003){#fig3}\n\n###### \n\nPrimers and annealing temperature used in genotyping *MBL-2* and *VDR* polymorphism.", "\n\n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Gene Specificity Primers Amplicon size Annealing temperature\n ---------------- ------------- ------------------------------------ --------------- -----------------------\n *MBL-2 Preamp* Promoter 5′-AGAGAGGTATTTAGCACTCTGCCAG-3′ \\ 964 bp 60°C\n 5′-AGGACATCAGTCTCCTCATATCCC-3′ \n\n \n\n *VDR FokI* Exon 2 5′-AGCTGGCCCTGGCACTGACTCT-3′ \\ 265 bp 60°C\n 5′-GGAAACACCTTGCTTCTTCTCCCTC-3′ \n\n \n\n *VDR BsmI* Intron 8 5′-AAATACCTACTTTGCTGGTTTGCAGA-3′ \\ 388 bp 60°C\n 5′-CCCAAGGTCACAATAACTTCCTCT-3′ \n\n \n\n *VDR ApaI* Intron 8 5′-TGGACAGAGCATGGACAGGGAG-3′ \\ 1391 bp 65°C\n 5′-CTCTCGGCTACTCTCGGTGATCC-3′ \n\n \n\n *VDR TaqI* Exon 9 5′-TGGACAGAGCATGGACAGGGAG-3′ \\ 485 bp 66°C\n 5′-TTAGCTTCATGCTGCACTCAGGC-3′ \n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n###### \n\nThe restriction digestion reaction conditions and genotype assignment after the digestion.", "\n\n SNP Incubation Temperature Homozygous wild type Heterozygote Homozygous mutant \\% agarose gel\n -------- ------------------------ ---------------------- -------------------------- ------------------- ----------------\n *FokI* 37°C 265 bp 265 bp, 195 bp, 70 bp 195 bp, 70 bp 2%\n *BsmI* 37°C 160 bp, 235 bp 388 bp, 160 bp, 235 bp 388 bp 2%\n *TaqI* 65°C 485 bp 485 bp, 297 bp, 188 bp 297 bp, 188 bp 2%\n *ApaI* 37°C 1174 bp, 217 bp 1391 bp, 1174 bp, 217 bp 1391 bp 1.5%\n\n###### \n\nThe allele and genotype frequencies of *MBL-2* polymorphism among the disease-free healthy subjects in Indian population.", "\n\n Polymorphism Genotype frequency (%) Allele frequency \n ------------------ ------------------------ ------------------ ------ ------ ---\n rs11003125 (H/L) HH HL LL H L\n 9 (9.6) 43 (45.7) 42 (44.7) 0.32 0.68 \n \n rs7096206 (Y/X) YY YX XX Y X\n 42 (44.7) 44 (46.8) 8 (8.7) 0.68 0.32 \n \n rs7095891 (P/Q) PP PQ QQ P Q\n 55 (58.5) 36 (38.3) 3 (3.2) 0.78 0.22 \n \n rs5030737 (A/D) AA AD DD A D\n 85 (90.4) 7 (7.4) 2 (2.2) 0.94 0.06 \n \n rs1800450 (A/B) AA AB BB A B\n 74 (78.7) 19 (20.2) 1 (1) 0.89 0.11 \n \n rs1800451 (A/C) AA AC CC A C\n 89 (94.7) 5 (5.3) 0 (0) 0.97 0.03 \n \n A/O allele AA AO OO A O\n 61 (64.9) 29 (30.9) 4 (4.2) 0.89 0.11 \n\nD, B, and C: less frequent alleles for 52-, 54-, and 57-codon polymorphism, respectively\n\nL, X, and Q: less frequent alleles of −550, −221, and +4 polymorphism, respectively\n\nH, Y, and P: common alleles of −550, −221, and +4 polymorphism, respectively\n\nAA genotype represents homozygous wild genotypes for structural polymorphism\n\nAO genotype represents heterozygous genotypes of structural polymorphism\n\nOO genotype represents homozygous mutant genotypes of structural polymorphism as well as double heterozygous genotypes (D/B, B/C) of structural polymorphism.", "\n\n###### \n\nThe genotype and allele frequencies of *VDR* polymorphism in healthy subjects in Indian population.", "\n\n *VDR* polymorphism *N* Genotype frequency (%) Allele frequency \n -------------------- ------------ ------------------------ ------------------ ------ --- ---\n *FokI* 228 FF Ff ff F f\n 128 (56.1) 88 (38.6) 12 (5.3) 0.75 0.25 \n \n *BsmI* 150 BB Bb bb B b\n 19 (12.7) 100 (66.6) 31 (20.7) 0.46 0.54 \n \n *TaqI* 236 TT Tt tt T t\n 110 (46.6) 110 (46.6) 16 (6.8) 0.70 0.30 \n \n *ApaI* 137 AA Aa aa A a\n 5 (3.7) 98 (71.5) 34 (24.8) 0.39 0.61 \n\n(*N* = number of individuals studied.)", "\n\n[^1]: Academic Editor: Norman A. Doggett\n" ]

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[ "仮想通貨分野に関する出来事の中でも、2018年1月にコインチェックから巨額の仮想通貨NEMが盗難された事件は記憶に新しい（1月28日の記事参照）。この事件を境に日本の仮想通貨をめぐるビジネスの景色は一変した。金融庁はコインチェック以外の仮想通貨交換業者に対しても監督を大幅に強化した。顧客の資産を預かる金融機関としての手厚い管理体制を求めるようになったのである。", "\n\n今や金融庁の指導を順守するには「仮想通貨交換業者には50〜100名規模の専任スタッフが必要になるのではないか」とも言われている。それだけでない。コインチェックは創業者やベンチャー投資家が持っていた同社の株式をすべてマネックス証券が買い取る形とした。つまり既存の証券会社の系列企業となった。この経緯を見て、「他の仮想通貨交換業者も既存の金融機関の系列に入ることを求められるのではないか」との観測もある。", "\n\nスタートアップから金融機関に\n\nコインチェックの体制変更は、スタートアップ企業から金融機関へと会社の姿を変えたことを意味する。", "\n\nコインチェックやビットフライヤーのような仮想通貨交換業者は、スタートアップ企業として出発した。スタートアップ企業はハイリスク・ハイリターンを前提とし、イノベーションの波に乗ることで、初期段階では赤字を出してもそれを乗り越えて急成長すること（「Jカーブ」と呼ぶ）を期待されている。大企業では手を出しにくい新規ビジネス分野で、実験的な取り組みの仮説検証を行う存在が本来のスタートアップ企業だ。", "\n\n一方、仮想通貨交換業者を監督する金融庁が求めているのは金融機関としての規律である。顧客から預かった資産を厳重に管理し、経営者や社員による内部犯行を含めて犯罪や不正行為から守ることが期待されている。イノベーションによる急成長よりも、顧客資産の保護や、監督省庁である金融庁が求める規律を守ることが優先されるのである。", "\n\nここで大きな懸念がある。顧客資産を預かる企業が規律を求められることは当然として、仮想通貨を扱う企業はすべて一律に重厚な管理体制を構築する必要があるのかどうか、という疑問である。", "\n\n業界関係者からは、「創業間もないスタートアップ企業が仮想通貨交換業となることはもはや無理だ」との意見を聞く。多くのスタートアップ企業にとって、ここ数カ月の規制強化は、「日本では仮想通貨ビジネスの可能性が閉ざされている」と受け止められているのである。", "\n\n「それならば手厚い管理体制を作ればいいではないか」との意見もあるかもしれない。この点については、記事の後半で議論したい。", "\n\n仮想通貨＆パブリックブロックチェーンのメリットと、金融機関の規律の両取りはできるのか\n\nひとつ気になっている点がある。仮想通貨とパブリックブロックチェーン技術は、本来の使い方をするなら、重厚な管理体制を抜きに軽量なビジネス展開を可能にする技術なのである。", "\n\n1|2|3|4 次のページへ" ]

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[ "Introduction\n============\n\nSepsis in HIV patients carries a high mortality. ", "Our purpose is to identify mortality predictors in this population.", "\n\nMethods\n=======\n\nA retrospective study of HIV patients admitted to our ICU between January 2005 and December 2009. ", "We identify septic patients and analyzed demographic factors, etiology, organ failure and outcome. ", "We used logistic regression to calculate the relative mortality risk for each qualitative variable and the beta (β) coefficient for quantitative variables.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nSixty-two septic patients were admitted to our ICU during the study period (71% men, mean age: 40.59 ± 8.12). ", "A total of 56.5% came from the ED, mean hospital stay before ICU admission: 6.14 ± 10.96 days. ", "A total of 66.1% had a history of intravenous drug use, other comorbidities: COPD (9.7%), cirrhosis (8.1%), solid or hematologic malignancy (12.9%). ", "A total of 40.3% were under HAART. ", "Mean CD4 count at admission: 219.62 ± 353.93 cells/mm^3^. Mean viral load: 4.57 ± 3.25 log. ", "Mean albumin levels: 2.3 ± 0.53 g/dl. ", "APACHE II: 21.98 ± 7.97. ", "The lung was the most frequent focus of infection (65.6%) followed by the CNS. ", "The most common pathogen was *S. pneumoniae*(28.8%), followed by *P. jirovecii*(13.6%). ", "In total, 62.9% needed vasopressors, 79% mechanical ventilation and 19.4% renal replacement. ", "Mean ICU and hospital length of stay: 10.4 ± 10.52 and 34.76 ± 29.64 days. ", "ICU mortality: 33.9%; hospital mortality: 41.9%. ", "ICU mortality increases for each days of hospital stay before ICU admission (β = 1.062, 95% CI = 1.009 to 1.118, *P*= 0.022), each point of: cardiac frequency at admission (β = 1.059, 95% CI = 1.024 to 1.096, P = 0.001), FiO~2~(β = 1.034, 95% CI = 1.011 to 1.057, P = 0.003), pCO~2~(per mmHg) (β = 1.052, 95% CI = 1.007 to 1.098, *P*= 0.023); and decreases for each point of: albumin (g/dl) (β = -0.307, 95% CI = 0.095 to 0.986, *P*= 0.047), mean arterial pressure (mmHg) (β = 0.951, 95% CI = 0.904 to 0.999, *P*= 0.048), pH (β = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.0 to 0.172, *P*= 0.006), first ICU 24-hour diuresis (ml) (β = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.998 to 1.000, *P*= 0.004) and base excess (β = 0.912, 95% CI = 0.836 to 0.995, *P*= 0.039). ", "Mortality increases threefold (β = 3.134, 95% CI = 1.051 to 9.345, *P*= 0.04) if patients do not come from the ED, almost 10-fold if the patients need vasopressors for more than 24 hours (β = 9.975, 95% CI = 2.054 to 48.451, *P*= 0.004) and fivefold if patients need renal replacement (β = 5.692, 95% CI = 1.466 to 22.099, *P*= 0.012).", "\n\nConclusion\n==========\n\nNeither immune status-related variables nor comorbidity or infection focus are mortality predictors. ", "Poor nutritional status, delayed ICU admission, shock or renal failure increase the ICU relative mortality risk. ", "Tachycardia, hypotension, hypercapnia, acidosis, and oliguria in the first ICU 24 hours increase significantly ICU mortality. ", "Mechanical ventilation is not a mortality predictor.", "\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSummation of consecutive positive integers\n\nSo it occurred to me recently that 21 kinda stands out among among its nearby neighbors in that there are several sets of consecutive positive integers that can be summed to equal 21 -- namely 1+2+3+4+5+6, 6+7+8, and 10+11. ", "So I started thinking - \"I wonder if all numbers can be written as a summation of two or more consecutive integers.\" ", "Thanks to a quick Matlab script I figured out that there are certain numbers that can not be represented as such. ", "Actually they are a pretty obvious set of numbers. (", "I will not mention what the set is because anyone who is interested in answering my main question will figure this out anyway.) ", "\nSo I had fun proving that this \"obvious\" set could never be represented as a summation of consecutive numbers -- no small task for me although I'm sure it will be simple for some of you. ", "However I could not prove that the numbers in the \"obvious\" set were the only ones that can not be represented as the sum of two or more consecutive integers. ", "Can anyone show me how such a proof would be performed?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe number of ways of writing n as a sum of [more than one] consecutive positive integers\nis equal to the number of odd divisors of n [that are greater than one].", "\n\n" ]

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