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ROCOv2_2023_train_019996

CT showing edematous pancreas body.

ROCOv2_2023_train_032306

Abdominal ultrasonogram showing a smaller 7.5 cm-sized hypoechoic hepatic mass in the right lobe at 5 months after delivery.

ROCOv2_2023_train_010946

Method of assessing adenoid enlargement on lateral neck radiography. In this method the adenoidal measurement (A) represents the distance from the point of maximal convexity of the adenoid shadow to a line along the anterior margin of the basiocciput. The nasopharyngeal measurement (N) is the distance between the posterior border of the hard palate and the antero-inferior edge of the sphenobasioccipital synchondrosis.

ROCOv2_2023_train_033774

The abdominal computed tomographic scan (axial view) revealed extraluminal air with soft-tissue infiltration around the posterior wall of the rectum. Arrow indicates extraluminal air.

ROCOv2_2023_train_010631

Case 9. Dilatation of right side sylvian fissure is seen on pre-contrast T1WI.

ROCOv2_2023_train_058259

CECT shows duplicated IVC (arrow) on either side of the abdominal aorta.

ROCOv2_2023_train_024470

Coronary angiogram in the right anterior oblique view (caudal angulation) showing obstruction of the diagonal branch of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (red ring) without collateral vessels to the distal segment of the obstructed vessel. LCA, left coronary artery; D, diagonal; Cx, circumflex; OM, obtuse marginal artery.

ROCOv2_2023_train_013978

Preoperative coronary angiography. Left coronary ostium did not show significant stenosis (dotted circle)

ROCOv2_2023_train_051248

The arrow indicates a partially visible anteromedial graft in sagittal proton-density magnetic resonance imaging.

ROCOv2_2023_train_038535

An ultrasound scan demonstrating hypoechoic nodules (outlined by caliper markings) inferior to both thyroid nodules highly suggestive of parathyroid adenomas.

ROCOv2_2023_train_007666

Color Doppler flow mapping.

ROCOv2_2023_train_027670

Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showing a left ovarian mass measuring 3.6 × 3.7 × 4cm, with features suggestive of a teratoma.

ROCOv2_2023_train_042956

The ultrasonography of thyroid showed 0.6 cm hypoechoic nodule in the right lobe with taller-than-wide appearance, which was suspicious for malignancy.

ROCOv2_2023_train_012708

Structural congenital abnormality including dysplasia of the cochlea, widening of the cochlear base at the entrance of the cochlear nerve and absence of modiolus (open black arrow)

ROCOv2_2023_train_013660

Magnetic resonance imaging using sagittal short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) sequence showed an intramedullary signal change at C4/5 with disc injury. Prevertebral soft-tissue edema and injury of the interspinous ligament, and narrowed canal also are evident

ROCOv2_2023_train_043982

A large mass forming lesion with mottled air density is observed in ascending colon.

ROCOv2_2023_train_050929

Chest X-ray shows thoracolumbar scoliosis.

ROCOv2_2023_train_055750

Apical Long Axis ViewRV, Right ventricle; LA, Left atrium; PM, Papillary muscles.

ROCOv2_2023_train_040003

Fibrocavitary form of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in a 53-year-old male with Mycobacterium avium lung disease. Chest high-resolution computed tomography shows a large cavity in the left upper lobe. Note the severe emphysema in both lungs.

ROCOv2_2023_train_059947

Appearance on “bouquet of flowers.”

ROCOv2_2023_train_030242

MR scan showing anterior mediastinal abscess in close relation to aorta (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_008869

The patient’s chest X-ray

ROCOv2_2023_train_042304

Chest X-ray.Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. Bilateral basilar opacities likely represent moderate pleural effusions.

ROCOv2_2023_train_014871

Post-treatment T1-weighted head and neck MRI showed decreased size of the right carotid body tumor with slightly anterior displacement of the right parapharyngeal fat (Arrow head).

ROCOv2_2023_train_015074

Chest computed tomography imaging on admission showed the primary lesion in the left lower lobe.

ROCOv2_2023_train_017959

CT chest angiography significant for multiple segmental and subsegmental filling defects in the lower lobe arterial branches as well as extensive bilateral ground-glass and alveolar infiltrates

ROCOv2_2023_train_011904

Anteroposterior chest x-ray. Dense bilateral pulmonary consolidation with minimal sparing of the lung apices.

ROCOv2_2023_train_028351

Sonographic image and schematic drawing of the ultrasound (US)-guided technique with an angiocatheter for caudal block. The outer catheter is advanced beyond the sacrococcygeal ligament (white arrow heads) into the caudal epidural space (dotted white arrow). The metallic guide needle should be withdrawn without making contact with the sacral bone (white arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_008441

Computed tomography scan of the cerebrum indicates a fully calcified external auditory canal.

ROCOv2_2023_train_003467

Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen (a: axial slice). L = liver, GB = gallbladder, D = duodenum, S = spleen, B = blood. The perforation site is indicated by the transparent arrow.

ROCOv2_2023_train_031532

The polypoid mass was detected about 10 cm orally from the ileocecal valve by contrast radiography.

ROCOv2_2023_train_039154

Annular size measurement using the enlarged view of the mid-oesophageal short axis (approximately 30° to 50°). The short-axis views of the aortic valve are generated at the insertion of the cusps in early systole. Red circles identify the thickened parts at the sites of peripheral attachment of the zones of apposition between the aortic valve leaflets. They represent also the vertices of the interleaflet triangles. LCC: left coronary cusp, RCC: right coronary cusp, NCC: non-coronary cusp

ROCOv2_2023_train_013845

Chest X-ray at admission indicate bilateral pulmonary edema and normal heart silhouette

ROCOv2_2023_train_028888

Ultrasonographic examinations showed no local carcinoma after excision.

ROCOv2_2023_train_036206

Dilation of the common bile duct, with an angle in the medial tract (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_040023

Preoperative CT examination (axial) in the vacuum sealing drainage-assisted irrigation group.

ROCOv2_2023_train_041428

High-resolution chest computed tomography (CT) documenting patchy areas of ground-glass opacity involving the right upper lobe, middle lobe, and lingula, as well as mosaic areas of air-trapping, which are suggestive of a diagnosis of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI). A: anterior, P: posterior.

ROCOv2_2023_train_010523

Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography transverse image showing round calcified mass with areas of air (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_001683

Magnetic resonance imaging.

ROCOv2_2023_train_041520

angiogram showing diffuse stenosis from proximal to middle and mid stage subtotal occlusion of the RCA

ROCOv2_2023_train_005766

Axial head CT shows a 4 cm left frontal lobe intraparenchymal hemorrhage.

ROCOv2_2023_train_040925

Chest X-ray. Mass with air-fluid level in right hemithorax.

ROCOv2_2023_train_055308

CT head with intravenous contrast showing complete resolution of the intracerebral abscesses following treatment with ceftriaxone.CT: computed tomography

ROCOv2_2023_train_005520

A 54-year-old woman with Sjogren syndrome. Videofluorographic swallowing study demonstrates the bird-beak (arrow) appearance of the lower esophagus, dilatation of the esophagus, and stasis of barium in the esophagus.

ROCOv2_2023_train_050267

Fetal ultrasound, axial view.The dimension indicates the diameter of the head at 27.7 cm. Posterior aspect of the skull is depicted on the right side of the image.

ROCOv2_2023_train_009844

The aortic coarctation was detected via aortography

ROCOv2_2023_train_031606

A 60-year-old male patient with known PLD presenting with recent onset jaundice. Axial plane T2W MR image demonstrates innumerable cysts scattered throughout the liver parenchyma. Also, note is made of dilation in the intrahepatic bile ducts (arrowheads). This dilation abruptly ends at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts (arrow). The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic brush biopsy confirmed Klatskin tumor.

ROCOv2_2023_train_024605

Reformatted coronal view CT abdomen and pelvis with delayed phase showing (arrow) inflammatory changes surrounding the area of partially occluded inferior mesenteric vein.CT, computed tomography.

ROCOv2_2023_train_055725

MRI examination sagittal plane cut: absence of uterus and ovaries.

ROCOv2_2023_train_045361

Location and numbering of voxels.

ROCOv2_2023_train_033373

Abdominal ultrasonogram showing gallbladder wall thickening with hyperechoic material inside.

ROCOv2_2023_train_009407

Right pulmonary artery (RPA), left pulmonary artery (LPA), pulmonary artery (main; PA), ascending aorta (AAo), and descending aorta (DAo).

ROCOv2_2023_train_011381

Cahill and Berg9 areas of the knee in anteroposterior projection: areas 1 and 2 are in the medial condyle, area 3 is the central zone bordered by the intercondylar tibial eminences, and areas 4 and 5 are in the lateral condyle.

ROCOv2_2023_train_030031

Chest CT showing a large mediastinal mass outlined in red and found subsequently to be a thymoma

ROCOv2_2023_train_041040

Patient’s lung CT: Multiple round and oval ground-glass opacities in the left lung

ROCOv2_2023_train_058203

Right femur anteroposterior radiograph depicting catastrophic hardware failure of the lateral plate and screws with subsequent oligotrophic nonunion.

ROCOv2_2023_train_017311

Axial section of CT showing retroperitoneal air

ROCOv2_2023_train_020558

Transverse view of the fetal thorax with an anecoechogenic mass behind the fetal heart (FH). Ao: aorta; S: stomach.

ROCOv2_2023_train_015890

CT scan of the abdomen with left adrenal mass (white arrow) and associated intra-peritoneal hemorrhage (black arrow) obtained on presentation to the outside hospital.

ROCOv2_2023_train_024889

44-year-old male patient after surgical amputation of the left leg. Coronal T1-weighted slice showing a neuroma at the stump (solid arrow) of the left sciatic nerve (dashed arrows).

ROCOv2_2023_train_030855

Coronary angiogram in left anterior oblique (LAO) 40° view showing total occlusion of RCA with absent distal flow

ROCOv2_2023_train_025968

A lung window CT image of a superior portion of the thorax showing pneumomediastinum (arrows).

ROCOv2_2023_train_031576

Presence of collateral vessels from the lateral prostatic artery to the penis and nontarget embolization of the penile artery (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_010816

Ultrasound Guided Core Biopsy, Transverse ViewHyperechoic needle (red arrows) through the right breast mass (red circle).

ROCOv2_2023_train_001246

Preoperative CT of abdomen. CT image of abdomen preoperatively demonstrating a 1 cm by 1 cm outpouching of hypervascularity through the anterior abdominal wall. This abdominal pathology was not appreciated in the previous CT from the emergency department months prior.

ROCOv2_2023_train_029589

Lateral skull radiograph (Aug. 2014) depicting multiple punched-out radiolucent lesions consistent with a myeloproliferative disorder.

ROCOv2_2023_train_008972

Post intravenous contrast administration, the uterine mass (white arrow) demonstrated normal peripheral myometrial enhancement with no significant enhancement of its central portion.

ROCOv2_2023_train_024211

Panoramic radiography showing a multilocular osteolytic radiolucency at the right mandibular angle (arrows), with irregular and indefinite margins, extending to ascendant ramus.

ROCOv2_2023_train_025866

Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showing posterior hypoplasia of corpus callosum.

ROCOv2_2023_train_056241

Initial cephalogram of case 1.

ROCOv2_2023_train_015572

Coronal CT image shows lesion involving maxilla with increased density of maxilla giving ground glass appearance (black arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_003259

Upper gastrointestinal tract with no contrast extravasation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_039493

A giant hemangioma (15 × 11 cm) with central hypodense areas in left lateral segment of liver (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_019684

Axial CT image in a patient diagnosed with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection shows varicoid bronchiectasis and volume loss in the middle lobe (arrowhead). Bilateral centrilobular nodules and tree-in-bud opacities (arrows) due to distal airways involvement can be appreciated in the right lower lobe and in the left upper lobe.

ROCOv2_2023_train_031121

CT arterial portogram showing portal vein replaced by multiple collaterals, that is, cavernomatous transformation of the portal vein also known as a Portal Cavernoma (PC), grossly enlarged spleen (S), and CBD stent in situ for portal biliopathy in a patient with EHPVO.

ROCOv2_2023_train_008671

CT of the abdomen. Green arrows show liver parenchymal disruption involving more than 25% of the right lobe with active bleeding (grade 4 liver injury), blue arrow shows extravasation of contrast consistent with active bleeding, and red arrow shows aorta color similar to the extravasation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_040566

A CT scan showing bilateral globular renal enlargement along with hypodense, non enhancing kidneys indicating no blood flow within them. This pattern is highly suggestive of intrarenal vascular thrombosis due to angioinvasive renal Zygomycosis. The main renal vessels are spared.

ROCOv2_2023_train_040958

Sonographic measurement of cervical length in a woman with achondroplasia (16 weeks of gestation). Cervical length measurement using abdominal sonography of a woman with achondroplasia (16 weeks of gestation)

ROCOv2_2023_train_018617

T1 weighted image (sagittal), showing contrast enhancement of the lesion in the dorsal column of the cervical spinal cord C2/C3

ROCOv2_2023_train_046725

Axial lung window showing multiple ground-glass opacities and lower lobe consolidative areas.

ROCOv2_2023_train_025226

An ultrasonography image showing a 6-cm solid right ovarian mass.

ROCOv2_2023_train_029155

Follow-up axial arterial-phase chest computed tomography scan 2 weeks posttreatment shows no residual thrombus in the aortic arch.

ROCOv2_2023_train_002621

Fluoroscopic image immediately after repair of the incomplete deployment of the SG using the double-snare technique. A catheter and GW are inserted through a guiding sheath and rotated under the stent-graft. The GW is passed through the loop (yellow arrow) of a snare, permitting deployment of the SG (red arrow)

ROCOv2_2023_train_031110

Example of normal-appearing hippocampus in an Engel class III patient.Oblique coronal T2-weighted MR image shows no definite evidence of hippocampal abnormality.

ROCOv2_2023_train_045864

The magnetic resonance imaging of the heart shows an intra-cardiac mass (arrow) in the anterior side of the right atrial wall encasing a right coronary artery.

ROCOv2_2023_train_029367

Axial CT image showing (D) septated free gas, presumed to be located in the mesentery of the colon.

ROCOv2_2023_train_025562

Apical four-chamber view with transthoracic echocardiography (PE: pericardial effusion, LV: left ventricle, and LA: left atrium).

ROCOv2_2023_train_030731

Cartilage lesion occupying epiphysis, metaphysis and diaphysis. Biopsy showed an LGC.

ROCOv2_2023_train_026683

Intravenous urography (14 May 2007) - 90 minutes film showed bilateral hydronephrosis.

ROCOv2_2023_train_014628

Treatment plan for thymoma (n = 32).

ROCOv2_2023_train_028703

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrates a smooth-walled, low-density intramural lesion. It measures 3.2 × 1.6 cm. The ileum at the proximal end of the lesion is mildly dilated with a centrally placed narrowed channel of contrast consistent with an intussusception.

ROCOv2_2023_train_026821

Postoperative unenhanced axial CT of the head: shunt (blue arrows) in situ.CT - computed tomography

ROCOv2_2023_train_040359

Gastrografin fluoroscopy performed through the drainage tube imitating a “gastrografin fistulography” (tubogram) image, successfully illustrating the gastric leak (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_006454

intraoperative radiograph shows fixation of the sacroilliac joint with two percutanous cannulated screws.

ROCOv2_2023_train_049904

Follow-up chest x-ray of a 27-year-old female 4 month after left upper lobe lobectomy

ROCOv2_2023_train_037975

Axial postcontrast fat saturated image at presacral region shows mild enhancement of the presacral mass (Blue arrow). No definite infiltration of the sacrum

ROCOv2_2023_train_007384

X-Ray of the knee showing absent of patella

ROCOv2_2023_train_005679

CT abdomen/pelvis with contrast 3 months prior to presentation, obtained in the setting of diverticular disease. Innumerable low-attenuation liver and multiple kidney cysts noted previously.

ROCOv2_2023_train_043825

Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed continuity between the medullary cavity of the mandible and the outgrowth. It is isointense on T1 W images and hyperintense on T2 W images with the peripheral hypointense rim on the T1 W and T2 W images; these features are suggestive of the cartilage cap with mineralization.

ROCOv2_2023_train_054872

Abdominal CT scan demonstrating a right perinephric fluid collection as indicated by the arrow. CT: Computed tomography