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USC Information Sciences Institute 15

2314

The boom is opened on April 1 unless there is more than 650 sqkm of ice remaining in Eastern Lake Erie.

2315

When in place, the boom stretches 2680 meters from the outer breakwall at Buffalo Harbor almost to the Canadian shore near the ruins of the pier at Erie Beach in Fort Erie.

2316

On May 10, 1752, Thomas-François Dalibard of France conducted Franklin's experiment using a 40 feet iron rod instead of a kite, and he extracted electrical sparks from a cloud.

2317

The mail packet captains sailed dead into it, thus fighting an adverse current of 3 mph .

2318

With each subsequent evaporation, the thermometer read a lower temperature, eventually reaching 7 Farad .

2319

Another thermometer showed that the room temperature was constant at 65 Farad .

2320

In 1976, as part of a bicentennial celebration, Congress dedicated a 20 feet marble statue in Philadelphia's Franklin Institute as the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial.

2321

Anomalous definitions exist, as lake freighters 1000 feet long on the Great Lakes are called "boats".

2323

Benedict founded twelve communities for monks at Subiaco, Lazio, Italy (about 65 kilometers to the east of Rome), before moving to Monte Cassino in the mountains of southern Italy.

2324

The path continues to ascend, and the side of the ravine, on which it runs, becomes steeper, until a cave is reached above which the mountain now rises almost perpendicularly; while on the right, it strikes in a rapid descent down to where, in Saint Benedict's day, 500 feet below, lay the blue waters of the lake.

2326

It was 4 meters in diameter and constructed of aluminium aircraft tubing and a vinyl-plastic skin, in the form of an icosahedron.

2327

The basic model enclosed 90 meters square of floor area.

2328

Tubes cut to length and with ends flattened were then bolted together to form a duodeca-rhombicahedron (22-sided hemisphere) geodesic structure with spans ranging to 60 feet .

2329

Fuller documented his life copiously from 1915 to 1983, approximately 270 feet of papers in a collection called the Dymaxion Chronofile.

2330

The estate of 581 acres was bought in 1883 by Sir Herbert Samuel Leon, who expanded the then-existing farmhouse into what architect Landis Gores called a "maudlin and monstrous pile" combining Victorian Gothic, Tudor, and Dutch Baroque styles.

2331

In 1938, the mansion and much of the site was bought by a builder for a housing estate, but in May 1938 Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair, head of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6), bought the mansion and 58 acres of land for £6,000 (£ today) for use by GC&CS and SIS in the event of war.

2333

It is close to junctions 13 and 14 of the M1, about 50 miles northwest of London.

2334

Blenheim), The village of Blindheim (Blenheim in English) lies on the Danube River, 10 miles southwest of Donauwörth in Bavaria, southern Germany.

2335

A combination of deception and skilled administration – designed to conceal his true destination from friend and foe alike – enabled Marlborough to march 400 kilometers unhindered from the Low Countries to the River Danube in five weeks.

2336

The lines ranged 20 miles between Stollhofen, a small village on the Rhine, to the Black Forest.

2337

Marlborough's march started on 19 May from Bedburg, 32 kilometers north-west of Cologne.

2338

Chandler: Marlborough as Military Commander, p. 129 In any case, Marlborough had promised to return to the Netherlands if a French attack developed there, transferring his troops down the Rhine on barges at a rate of 130 kilometers a day.

2339

A distance of 250 miles had been covered in five weeks.

2340

Lynn states that the march-rate was not unprecedented for the period, averaging 7 miles per day.

2341

On 7 August, therefore, the first of Baden's 15,000 Imperial troops (the remainder following two days later) left Marlborough's main force to besiege the heavily defended city of Ingolstadt, 32 kilometers farther down the Danube.

2342

That same day Marlborough and Eugene carried out their own reconnaissance of the French position from the church spire at Tapfheim, and moved their combined forces to Münster – 8 kilometers from the French camp.

2343

The battlefield stretched for nearly 6 kilometers .

2344

At about 06:00 they reached Schwenningen, 2 miles from Blenheim.

2345

The English infantry rose from the edge of the Nebel, and silently marched towards Blenheim, a distance of some 150 meters .

2346

As the range closed to within 30 meters , the French fired a deadly volley.

2347

With a short lift in the mist, Cadogan soon discovered the smartly ordered lines of Villeroi's advance guard some 6 kilometers off; a galloper hastened back to warn Marlborough.

2348

Two hours later the Duke, accompanied by the Dutch field commander Field Marshal Overkirk, General Daniel Dopff, and the Allied staff, rode up to Cadogan where on the horizon to the westward he could discern the massed ranks of the French army deploying for battle along the 6 kilometers front.

2349

A large open plain, about 2 kilometers wide, lay between Taviers and Ramillies, but unlike Blenheim, there was no stream to hinder the cavalry.

2350

The time was about 16:30, and the two armies were in close contact across the whole 6 kilometers front, from the skirmishing in the marshes in the south, through the vast cavalry battle on the open plain; to the fierce struggle for Ramillies at the centre, and to the north, where, around the cottages of Offus and Autre-Eglise, Orkney and de la Guiche faced each other across the Petite Gheete ready to renew hostilities.

2351

Falkner: Ramillies 1706: Year of Miracles, 102 At last, however, Marlborough called a halt to the pursuit shortly after midnight near Meldert, 12 miles from the field.

2352

Napoléon was armed as a conventional ship-of-the-line, but her steam engines could give her a speed of 12 knots , regardless of the wind condition.

2354

The slow-firing 12 inches main guns were the principal weapons for battleship-to-battleship combat.

2355

When the Regia Marina did not pursue his ideas, Cuniberti wrote an article in Jane's proposing an "ideal" future British battleship, a large armored warship of 17,000 tons, armed solely with a single calibre main battery (twelve 12-inch [305 mm] guns), carrying 300 mm belt armor, and capable of 24 knots (44 km/h).

2356

II p. 246 It is often held that these engagements demonstrated the importance of the 12 inches gun over its smaller counterparts, though some historians take the view that secondary batteries were just as important as the larger weapons when dealing with smaller fast moving torpedo craft.

2357

If Tsushima influenced his thinking, it was to persuade him of the need to standardise on 12 inches guns.

2358

Fisher's preferred option was his brainchild, the battlecruiser: lightly armored but heavily armed with eight 12-inch guns and propelled to 25 knots by steam turbines.

2359

The armor of a battleship was equally irrelevant in the face of a nuclear attack as tactical missiles with a range of 100 kilometers or more could be mounted on the Soviet Kildin and Whiskeys.

2362

201–02 This was particularly true for cruisers, because the details of the Invincible class were kept secret for longer; this meant that the last German armoured cruiser, SMS Blücher 2 , was armed with only 21 cms guns, and was no match for the new battlecruisers.

2364

269–72 SMS Seydlitz 2 , designed in 1909 and finished in 1913, was a modified Moltke; speed increased by one knot to 26 knots , while her armour had a maximum thickness of 12 inches, equivalent to the Helgolands of a few years earlier. ''

2365

On learning of the British plans for Lion, and the likelihood that new U.S. Navy battleships would be armed with 14 inches guns, the Japanese decided to radically revise their plans and go one better.

2366

A new plan was drawn up, carrying eight 14-inch guns, and capable of 27 knots , thus marginally having the edge over the Lions in speed and firepower.

2367

The armour scheme was also marginally improved over the Lions, with nine inches of armour on the turrets and 8 inches on the barbettes.

2368

She was faster (making 29 knots on sea trials), and carried a heavier secondary armament. ''

2369

Her designer, Sir Eustace Tennyson d'Eyncourt, had wanted small-bore water-tube boilers and geared turbines to give her a speed of 32 knots , but he received no support from the authorities and the engine makers refused his request.

2370

These ships were designed to carry twelve 14-inch guns, with armour up to 12 inches thick, and a speed of 26 knots .

2371

The Mackensens were a development of the Derfflinger class, with 13.8-inch guns and a broadly similar armour scheme, designed for 28 knots .

2372

At the same time, Fisher resorted to subterfuge to obtain another three fast, lightly armoured ships that could use several spare 15 inches gun turrets left over from battleship construction.

2374

50–52 Fisher also speculated about a new mammoth, but lightly built battlecruiser, that would carry 20 inches guns, which he termed HMS Incomparable ; this never got beyond the concept stage.

2375

The experience of battlecruisers at the Battle of Jutland meant that the design was radically revised and transformed again into a fast battleship with armour up to 12 inches thick, but still capable of 31 knots .

2376

The navies of Japan and the United States, not being affected immediately by the war, had time to develop new heavy 16 inches guns for their latest designs and to refine their battlecruiser designs in light of combat experience in Europe.

2378

If completed as planned, they would have been exceptionally fast and well armed with eight 16-inch guns, but carried armour little better than the Invincibles—this after an 8000 long tons increase in protection following Jutland.

2379

Breyer, p. 234 The final stage in the post-war battlecruiser race came with the British response to the Amagi and Lexington types: four 48000 long tons G3 battlecruisers.

2380

Royal Navy documents of the period often described any battleship with a speed of over about 24 knots as a battlecruiser, regardless of the amount of protective armour, although the G3 was considered by most to be a well-balanced fast battleship.

2381

During the first of these, elevation of their main guns was increased to +40 degrees, anti-torpedo bulges and 3800 long tons of horizontal armour added, and a "pagoda" mast with additional command positions built up.

2382

This reduced the ships' speed to 25 knots .

2383

Completely new main engines, a reduced number of boilers and an increase in hull length by 26 feet allowed them to reach up to 30 knots once again.

2384

She was lightly damaged by a single 250 kilograms bomb and near-missed by two others in the first Japanese attack.

2385

With a main armament of nine 12-inch guns in three triple turrets and a displacement of 27000 long tons , the Alaskas were twice the size of Baltimores and had guns some 50% larger in diameter.

2386

The Japanese started designing the B64 class, which was similar to the Alaska but with 310 mm guns.

2388

Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon, p. 328 This description arises from their over 24000 tonnes displacement, which is roughly equal to that of a First World War battleship and more than twice the displacement of contemporary cruisers; upon entry into service, Kirov was the largest surface ship (aside from aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships) to be built since World War II.

2389

He lived near the Puy de Dôme mountain, 4790 feet tall, but his health was poor so could not climb it.

2390

A 2013 story on ESPN.com about the village of Cooperstown and its relation to the game partially linked the reduced attendance with Cooperstown Dreams Park, a youth baseball complex about 5 miles away in the town of Hartwick.

2391

It is around 500 kilometers southwest of Paris.

2392

The average seasonal winter temperature is 7 °C , but recent winters have been warmer than this.

2393

The average summer seasonal temperature is 20 °C .

2394

The summer of 2003 set a record with an average temperature of 23 °C .

2395

Bordeaux wine growing area has about 116160 hectares of vineyards, 57 appellations, 10,000 wine-producing estates (châteaux) and 13,000 grape growers.

2398

This pedestrian-only shopping street has 1 kilometers of shops, restaurants and cafés; it is also one of the longest shopping streets in Europe. ''

2399

There is a 45 kilometers ring road called the "Rocade" which is often very busy.

2400

The two-track Eiffel bridge with a speed limit of 30 kmph became a bottleneck and a new bridge was built, opening in 2009.

2401

The new bridge has four tracks and allows trains to pass at 60 kmph . [

2402

Bordeaux is served by Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport, located 8 kilometers from the city centre in the suburban city of Mérignac.

2404

There is a 250 meters wooden velodrome, Vélodrome du Lac, in Bordeaux which hosts international cycling competition in the form of UCI Track Cycling World Cup events.

2405

Boulder problems are generally shorter than 20 feet from ground to top.

2407

There are two conventions regarding the standard boiling point of water: The normal boiling point is 99 °C at a pressure of 1 atm (i.e., 101.325 kPa).

2408

is 99 °C .

2410

Starting in 1924, Hubble painstakingly developed a series of distance indicators, the forerunner of the cosmic distance ladder, using the 100 inches Hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory.

2413

Its armament was either a 1000 pounds conventional warhead or a W40 nuclear warhead (7–10 kiloton yield).

2414

After sufficient speed was reached, the Marquardt RJ43-MA-3 ramjets would ignite and propel the missile to its cruise speed of Mach 2.8 at an altitude of 20000 meters .

2415

When the Bomarc was within 16 kilometers of the target, its own Westinghouse AN/DPN-34 radar guided the missile to the interception point.

2416

The maximum range of the IM-99A was 400 kilometers , and it was fitted with either a conventional high-explosive or a 10 kiloton W-40 nuclear fission warhead.

2417

Because the new booster took up less space in the missile, more ramjet fuel could be carried, increasing the range to 700 kilometers .

2418

On 23 March 1961, a Bomarc B successfully intercepted a Regulus II cruise missile flying at 100000 feet , thus achieving the highest interception in the world up to that date.

2419

The Macuxi Bridge, 1 kilometers long, [http://www1.uol.com.br/bibliot/turismo/boavista.htm UOL.

2420

It is 350 miles long, up to its Uraricoera confluence.

2421

It has numerous islands, and, 235 miles above its mouth, it is broken by a bad series of rapids.

2423

The island of Bali lies 3 kilometers east of Java, and is approximately 8 degrees south of the equator.

2425

Bali's central mountains include several peaks over 2000 meters in elevation and active volcanoes such as Mount Batur.

2426

The highest is Mount Agung ( 3031 meters ), known as the "mother mountain", which is an active volcano rated as one of the world's most likely sites for a massive eruption within the next 100 years.

2427

The longest river, Ayung River, flows approximately 75 kilometers (see List of rivers of Bali).

2428

Average year-round temperature stands at around 30 °C with a humidity level of about 85%.

2430

Erosion at Lebih Beach has seen 7 meters of land lost every year.

2431

On 17 July 2011 the first cruise ship (Sun Princess) anchored about 400 meters away from the wharf of Tanah Ampo harbour.

2432

A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed by two ministers, Bali's Governor and Indonesian Train Company to build 565 kilometers of railway along the coast around the island.

2435

On 21 December 2011 the Dewa Ruci 450 meters underpass has also started on the busy Dewa Ruci junction near Bali Kuta Galeria with an estimated cost of Rp136 billion ($14.9 million) from the state budget.