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generate questions: The second part of the novel deals with what book reviewer Harding LeMay termed "the spirit-corroding shame of the civilized white Southerner in the treatment of the Negro". In the years following its release, many reviewers considered To Kill a Mockingbird a novel primarily concerned with race relations. Claudia Durst Johnson considers it "reasonable to believe" that the novel was shaped by two events involving racial issues in Alabama: Rosa Parks' refusal to yield her seat on a city bus to a white person, which sparked the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott, and the 1956 riots at the University of Alabama after Autherine Lucy and Polly Myers were admitted (Myers eventually withdrew her application and Lucy was expelled, but reinstated in 1980). In writing about the historical context of the novel's construction, two other literary scholars remark: "To Kill a Mockingbird was written and published amidst the most significant and conflict-ridden social change in the South since the Civil War and Reconstruction. Inevitably, despite its mid-1930s setting, the story told from the perspective of the 1950s voices the conflicts, tensions, and fears induced by this transition."

When did the Montgomery Bus Boycott take place? {sep_token} Many reviewers consider the second part of the book to be about what issue? {sep_token}

generate questions: Scholar Patrick Chura, who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson, enumerates the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced. Chura notes the icon of the black rapist causing harm to the representation of the "mythologized vulnerable and sacred Southern womanhood". Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females during the time the novel was set often resulted in a punishment of death for the accused. Tom Robinson's trial was juried by poor white farmers who convicted him despite overwhelming evidence of his innocence, as more educated and moderate white townspeople supported the jury's decision. Furthermore, the victim of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird was physically impaired, which made him unable to commit the act he was accused of, but also crippled him in other ways. Roslyn Siegel includes Tom Robinson as an example of the recurring motif among white Southern writers of the black man as "stupid, pathetic, defenseless, and dependent upon the fair dealing of the whites, rather than his own intelligence to save him". Although Tom is spared from being lynched, he is killed with excessive violence during an attempted escape from prison, shot seventeen times.

The main jurors in Tom Robinson's trial were all which race? {sep_token} How did Tom Robinson die in the novel? {sep_token} At the time of the novel's setting, what punishment was often received by black males for percieved sexual contact with a white woman? {sep_token} Who comprised Tom's jury? {sep_token} How many times was Tom shot? {sep_token}

generate questions: The theme of racial injustice appears symbolically in the novel as well. For example, Atticus must shoot a rabid dog, even though it is not his job to do so. Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb, and Atticus, who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog, must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens. He is also alone when he faces a group intending to lynch Tom Robinson and once more in the courthouse during Tom's trial. Lee even uses dreamlike imagery from the mad dog incident to describe some of the courtroom scenes. Jones writes, "[t]he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson .... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger."

Atticus is tasked with killing what animal in the novel? {sep_token} What is Atticus shooting the rabid dog symbolic of? {sep_token}

generate questions: In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was "to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama." Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing. When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate, Walter Cunningham, at the Finch home one day, Calpurnia, their black cook, chastises and punishes her for doing so. Atticus respects Calpurnia's judgment, and later in the book even stands up to his sister, the formidable Aunt Alexandra, when she strongly suggests they fire Calpurnia. One writer notes that Scout, "in Austenian fashion", satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify. Literary critic Jean Blackall lists the priorities shared by the two authors: "affirmation of order in society, obedience, courtesy, and respect for the individual without regard for status".

Who does the cooking at the Finch's house? {sep_token} Who is Atticus Finch's sibling? {sep_token} Who does Scout Tease and humiliate at their house? {sep_token} Which author did Lee aspire to be like? {sep_token} Both authors valued what over social standing? {sep_token}

generate questions: Scholars argue that Lee's approach to class and race was more complex "than ascribing racial prejudice primarily to 'poor white trash' ... Lee demonstrates how issues of gender and class intensify prejudice, silence the voices that might challenge the existing order, and greatly complicate many Americans' conception of the causes of racism and segregation." Lee's use of the middle-class narrative voice is a literary device that allows an intimacy with the reader, regardless of class or cultural background, and fosters a sense of nostalgia. Sharing Scout and Jem's perspective, the reader is allowed to engage in relationships with the conservative antebellum Mrs. Dubose; the lower-class Ewells, and the Cunninghams who are equally poor but behave in vastly different ways; the wealthy but ostracized Mr. Dolphus Raymond; and Calpurnia and other members of the black community. The children internalize Atticus' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person's skin, gaining a greater understanding of people's motives and behavior.

Are the Ewell's considered rich or poor? {sep_token} What two factors did Lee demonstrate intensified prejudice? {sep_token} The children's non-judgmental attitude gave them a greater understanding of what? {sep_token}

generate questions: The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of courage. Scout's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus reflects her attempt to stand up for him and defend him. Atticus is the moral center of the novel, however, and he teaches Jem one of the most significant lessons of courage. In a statement that foreshadows Atticus' motivation for defending Tom Robinson and describes Mrs. Dubose, who is determined to break herself of a morphine addiction, Atticus tells Jem that courage is "when you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what".

Mrs. Dubose suffers from an addiction to what? {sep_token} Who is the moral center of the novel? {sep_token} The novel explores various forms of what trait? {sep_token}

generate questions: Charles Shields, who has written the only book-length biography of Harper Lee to date, offers the reason for the novel's enduring popularity and impact is that "its lessons of human dignity and respect for others remain fundamental and universal". Atticus' lesson to Scout that "you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view—until you climb around in his skin and walk around in it" exemplifies his compassion. She ponders the comment when listening to Mayella Ewell's testimony. When Mayella reacts with confusion to Atticus' question if she has any friends, Scout offers that she must be lonelier than Boo Radley. Having walked Boo home after he saves their lives, Scout stands on the Radley porch and considers the events of the previous three years from Boo's perspective. One writer remarks, "... [w]hile the novel concerns tragedy and injustice, heartache and loss, it also carries with it a strong sense [of] courage, compassion, and an awareness of history to be better human beings."

Who has written the only biography of Harper Lee? {sep_token} Who wrote the only book length- biography of Harper Lee? {sep_token} According to Shields, which of the books lessons are fundamental and universal? {sep_token} Who does Scout think could be lonelier than Boo Radley? {sep_token}

generate questions: Just as Lee explores Jem's development in coming to grips with a racist and unjust society, Scout realizes what being female means, and several female characters influence her development. Scout's primary identification with her father and older brother allows her to describe the variety and depth of female characters in the novel both as one of them and as an outsider. Scout's primary female models are Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie, both of whom are strong willed, independent, and protective. Mayella Ewell also has an influence; Scout watches her destroy an innocent man in order to hide her desire for him. The female characters who comment the most on Scout's lack of willingness to adhere to a more feminine role are also those who promote the most racist and classist points of view. For example, Mrs. Dubose chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole, and indicates she is ruining the family name by not doing so, in addition to insulting Atticus' intentions to defend Tom Robinson. By balancing the masculine influences of Atticus and Jem with the feminine influences of Calpurnia and Miss Maudie, one scholar writes, "Lee gradually demonstrates that Scout is becoming a feminist in the South, for with the use of first-person narration, she indicates that Scout/ Jean Louise still maintains the ambivalence about being a Southern lady she possessed as a child."

Who are the main female role models for Scout during the story? {sep_token} Who are Scout's two primary female models? {sep_token} Who chastis Scout for the way she dresse and accuses her of ruining her family name? {sep_token} Tomboy Scout grows up tto become what? {sep_token}

generate questions: Absent mothers and abusive fathers are another theme in the novel. Scout and Jem's mother died before Scout could remember her, Mayella's mother is dead, and Mrs. Radley is silent about Boo's confinement to the house. Apart from Atticus, the fathers described are abusers. Bob Ewell, it is hinted, molested his daughter, and Mr. Radley imprisons his son in his house until Boo is remembered only as a phantom. Bob Ewell and Mr. Radley represent a form of masculinity that Atticus does not, and the novel suggests that such men as well as the traditionally feminine hypocrites at the Missionary Society can lead society astray. Atticus stands apart as a unique model of masculinity; as one scholar explains: "It is the job of real men who embody the traditional masculine qualities of heroic individualism, bravery, and an unshrinking knowledge of and dedication to social justice and morality, to set the society straight."

In the book, which character was expected of molesting their child? {sep_token} Who was the only non-abusive father mentioned? {sep_token}

generate questions: Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once." Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them made her feel "a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]". Johnson states, "[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds."

Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman? {sep_token} Who does Charles Lamb speculate were once children? {sep_token} What is another name for Scout's pink cotton penitentiary? {sep_token}

generate questions: Songbirds and their associated symbolism appear throughout the novel. The family's last name of Finch also shares Lee's mother's maiden name. The titular mockingbird is a key motif of this theme, which first appears when Atticus, having given his children air-rifles for Christmas, allows their Uncle Jack to teach them to shoot. Atticus warns them that, although they can "shoot all the bluejays they want", they must remember that "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird". Confused, Scout approaches her neighbor Miss Maudie, who explains that mockingbirds never harm other living creatures. She points out that mockingbirds simply provide pleasure with their songs, saying, "They don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us." Writer Edwin Bruell summarized the symbolism when he wrote in 1964, "'To kill a mockingbird' is to kill that which is innocent and harmless—like Tom Robinson." Scholars have noted that Lee often returns to the mockingbird theme when trying to make a moral point.

Which animal serves as a symbol throughout the book? {sep_token} Harper Lee's mother's maiden name was what? {sep_token} Which bird does Atticus Finch say is a "sin to kill?" {sep_token} According to Atticus, which bird is it a sin to shoot? {sep_token} According to Miss Maudie, which bird is never harmful? {sep_token} Symbolically, killing a mockingbird is killing what according to Edwin Bruell? {sep_token}

generate questions: Despite her editors' warnings that the book might not sell well, it quickly became a sensation, bringing acclaim to Lee in literary circles, in her hometown of Monroeville, and throughout Alabama. The book went through numerous subsequent printings and became widely available through its inclusion in the Book of the Month Club and editions released by Reader's Digest Condensed Books.

Reader's Digest included To Kill a Mockingbird in what program of theirs? {sep_token} The book's availablity increased through inclusion in what book service? {sep_token}

generate questions: One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages. In the years since, it has sold more than 30 million copies and been translated into more than 40 languages. The novel has never been out of print in hardcover or paperback, and has become part of the standard literature curriculum. A 2008 survey of secondary books read by students between grades 9–12 in the U.S. indicates the novel is the most widely read book in these grades. A 1991 survey by the Book of the Month Club and the Library of Congress Center for the Book found that To Kill a Mockingbird was rated behind only the Bible in books that are "most often cited as making a difference".[note 1] It is considered by some to be the Great American Novel.

After one year when To Kill a Mockingbird first came out, how many languages has it been printed in? {sep_token} Up til today, how many languages has To Kill a Mockingbird been printed in? {sep_token} How many copies has To Kill a Mockingbird sold since it first came out? {sep_token} How many copies of the book have been sold? {sep_token} How many languages has the book been translated into? {sep_token}

generate questions: Many writers compare their perceptions of To Kill a Mockingbird as adults with when they first read it as children. Mary McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities including Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Harper's sister Alice Lee, who read the novel and compiled their impressions of it as children and adults into a book titled Scout, Atticus, and Boo.

Public figure's impressions of the novel were formed into a book called what? {sep_token} Who was Harper Lee's sister? {sep_token} What book compiled Adults' impressions and their impressions as children about the novel? {sep_token}

generate questions: One of the most significant impacts To Kill a Mockingbird has had is Atticus Finch's model of integrity for the legal profession. As scholar Alice Petry explains, "Atticus has become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person." Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center cites Atticus Finch as the reason he became a lawyer, and Richard Matsch, the federal judge who presided over the Timothy McVeigh trial, counts Atticus as a major judicial influence. One law professor at the University of Notre Dame stated that the most influential textbook he taught from was To Kill a Mockingbird, and an article in the Michigan Law Review claims, "No real-life lawyer has done more for the self-image or public perception of the legal profession," before questioning whether, "Atticus Finch is a paragon of honor or an especially slick hired gun".

Atticus Finch's integrity has become a model for which job? {sep_token} Atticus Finch is a model of what for legal professionals? {sep_token}

generate questions: In 1992, an Alabama editorial called for the death of Atticus, saying that as liberal as Atticus was, he still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and sexism and should not be revered. The editorial sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession because of him and esteemed him as a hero. Critics of Atticus maintain he is morally ambiguous and does not use his legal skills to challenge the racist status quo in Maycomb. However, in 1997, the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville, marking his existence as the "first commemorative milestone in the state's judicial history". In 2008, Lee herself received an honorary special membership to the Alabama State Bar for creating Atticus who "has become the personification of the exemplary lawyer in serving the legal needs of the poor".

What year was a statue of Atticus build in Alabama? {sep_token} Harper Lee was given a membership to what in 2008? {sep_token} What did the Alabama State Bar bestow on Lee in 2008? {sep_token}

generate questions: To Kill a Mockingbird has been a source of significant controversy since its being the subject of classroom study as early as 1963. The book's racial slurs, profanity, and frank discussion of rape have led people to challenge its appropriateness in libraries and classrooms across the United States. The American Library Association reported that To Kill a Mockingbird was number 21 of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 2000–2009.

To Kill a Mockingbird was first studied in American schools in what year? {sep_token} The American Library Associated ranked To Kill a Mockingbird where on its most frequently challenged books of 2000-2009? {sep_token} In what year did the book become a subject of classroom study? {sep_token} According to The American Library Association, what rank did the book have among the most frequently challenged books from 2000 to 2009? {sep_token}

generate questions: One of the first incidents of the book being challenged was in Hanover, Virginia, in 1966: a parent protested that the use of rape as a plot device was immoral. Johnson cites examples of letters to local newspapers, which ranged from amusement to fury; those letters expressing the most outrage, however, complained about Mayella Ewell's attraction to Tom Robinson over the depictions of rape. Upon learning the school administrators were holding hearings to decide the book's appropriateness for the classroom, Harper Lee sent $10 to The Richmond News Leader suggesting it to be used toward the enrollment of "the Hanover County School Board in any first grade of its choice". The National Education Association in 1968 placed the novel second on a list of books receiving the most complaints from private organizations—after Little Black Sambo.

When was the first major controversy that surfaced from the book? {sep_token} What event in the novel was heavily criticized for being a plot device? {sep_token} In letters to local newspapers, what subplot in the book received the most complaints? {sep_token} According to the National Education Association, what was the only book to receive more complaints in 1968? {sep_token}

generate questions: The novel is cited as a factor in the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, however, in that it "arrived at the right moment to help the South and the nation grapple with the racial tensions (of) the accelerating civil rights movement". Its publication is so closely associated with the Civil Rights Movement that many studies of the book and biographies of Harper Lee include descriptions of important moments in the movement, despite the fact that she had no direct involvement in any of them. Civil Rights leader Andrew Young comments that part of the book's effectiveness is that it "inspires hope in the midst of chaos and confusion" and by using racial epithets portrays the reality of the times in which it was set. Young views the novel as "an act of humanity" in showing the possibility of people rising above their prejudices. Alabama author Mark Childress compares it to the impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War. Childress states the novel "gives white Southerners a way to understand the racism that they've been brought up with and to find another way. And most white people in the South were good people. Most white people in the South were not throwing bombs and causing havoc ... I think the book really helped them come to understand what was wrong with the system in the way that any number of treatises could never do, because it was popular art, because it was told from a child's point of view."

What movement in the '60s did the novel help spark? {sep_token} Which book was credited with sparking the US Civil War? {sep_token} What other book did Mark Childress compare it to? {sep_token}

generate questions: Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."

Who was Truman Capote's father? {sep_token} Who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of Harper Lee? {sep_token} What was the name of Harper Lee's sister? {sep_token} Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee? {sep_token} Lee's notes to whom help disclaim this rumor? {sep_token}

generate questions: During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."

Which year did To Kill a Mockingbird win the Pulitzer Prize? {sep_token} How many weeks did To Kill a Mockingbird remain on the bestsellers list when it won the Pulitzer Prize? {sep_token} Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine was awarded when? {sep_token} When did Harper Lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book? {sep_token} What major award did the book receive in 1961? {sep_token} In what year did Lee stop giving interviews about the book? {sep_token}

generate questions: In 2001, Lee was inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor. In the same year, Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley initiated a reading program throughout the city's libraries, and chose his favorite book, To Kill a Mockingbird, as the first title of the One City, One Book program. Lee declared that "there is no greater honor the novel could receive". By 2004, the novel had been chosen by 25 communities for variations of the citywide reading program, more than any other novel. David Kipen of the National Endowment of the Arts, who supervised The Big Read, states "people just seem to connect with it. It dredges up things in their own lives, their interactions across racial lines, legal encounters, and childhood. It's just this skeleton key to so many different parts of people's lives, and they cherish it."

Which year was Lee awarded an induction into the Alabama Academy of Honor? {sep_token} In 2004, the novel as been picked by how many communities for citywide reading programs more than any other book? {sep_token} In 2001, what city's mayor picked To Kill a Mockingbird as their favorite book? {sep_token} Which city's mayor initiated a reading program with the book? {sep_token} By 2004, how many communities were using the book as part of their reading programs? {sep_token}

generate questions: In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, "One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever."

Which school granted Lee an honory doctorate in 2006? {sep_token} Which president of the US awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? {sep_token} When did Lee receive a Presidential Medal of Freedom? {sep_token} What university awarded Lee an honorary doctorate in 2006? {sep_token} In 2007, which president awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? {sep_token}

generate questions: The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: "They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham, the actress who played Scout.

A movie adaptation of the book was released in what year? {sep_token} Who played Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the same title? {sep_token} Which actor received An Oscar for his role of Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the book? {sep_token}

generate questions: Harper Lee was pleased with the movie, saying: "In that film the man and the part met... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused. That film was a work of art." Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming. Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor. Years later, he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport. When Peck eventually did tell Lee, he said she responded, "'Well, it's only a watch.' Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things." Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. Peck's grandson was named "Harper" in her honor.

What item did Lee give the actor Gregory Peck after portraying Atticus Finch? {sep_token} Which one of Gregory Peck's relatives was named after Harper Lee? {sep_token} What personal effect did Lee give to Peck? {sep_token} Which one of Peck's relatives was named Harper in honor of Lee? {sep_token}

generate questions: In May 2005, Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library at the request of Peck's widow Veronique, who said of Lee: "She's like a national treasure. She's someone who has made a difference...with this book. The book is still as strong as it ever was, and so is the film. All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays. My husband used to get thousands and thousands of letters from teachers who would send them to him."

When did Lee randomly show up at the Los Angeles Public Library? {sep_token} What did Peck's widow call Lee? {sep_token}

generate questions: The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."

Who turned the novel into a play? {sep_token} When was the play for To Kill a Mockingbird first performed? {sep_token} What town labeled itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama"? {sep_token} Who makes up the cast of the annual play based on the book performed in Monroeville? {sep_token} During the courtroom scene, what happens to the audience? {sep_token}

generate questions: Sergel's play toured in the UK starting at West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds in 2006, and again in 2011 starting at the York Theatre Royal, both productions featuring Duncan Preston as Atticus Finch. The play also opened the 2013 season at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in London where it played to full houses and starred Robert Sean Leonard as Atticus Finch, his first London appearance in 22 years. The production is returning to the venue to close the 2014 season, prior to a UK Tour.

What country did Sergel's play tour around in and perform in 2006? {sep_token} The play was the opening act for the starting of the 2013 season at which location? {sep_token} Who played Atticus Finch in the UK theater productions of the film in 2006 and 2011? {sep_token}

generate questions: An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go Set a Watchman, was controversially released on July 14, 2015. This draft, which was completed in 1957, is set 20 years after the time period depicted in To Kill a Mockingbird but is not a continuation of the narrative. This earlier version of the story follows an adult Scout Finch who travels from New York to visit her father, Atticus Finch, in Maycomb, Alabama, where she is confronted by the intolerance in her community. The Watchman manuscript was believed to have been lost until Lee's lawyer Tonja Carter discovered it; although this claim has been widely disputed. Watchman contains early versions of many of the characters from To Kill a Mockingbird. According to Lee's agent Andrew Nurnberg, Mockingbird was originally intended to be the first book of a trilogy: "They discussed publishing Mockingbird first, Watchman last, and a shorter connecting novel between the two." This assertion has been discredited however by the rare books expert James S. Jaffe, who reviewed the pages at the request of Lee's attorney and found them to be only another draft of "To Kill a Mockingbird". The statement was also contrary to Jonathan Mahler's description of how "Watchman" was seen as just the first draft of "Mockingbird". Instances where many passages overlap between the two books, in some case word for word, also refutes this assertion.

When was Go Set a Watchman introduced to the public? {sep_token} Go Set a Watchman was finished in what year? {sep_token} How many years after To Kill a Mockingbird is the setting of Go Set A Watchman? {sep_token} Who was Harper Lee's lawyer? {sep_token} What is the earlier draft of the book titled? {sep_token} What year was Watchman completed? {sep_token} How many years after Mockingbird was Watchman set? {sep_token}

generate questions: The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel's impact by writing, "In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism."

What two serious moral issues are dealt with in the novel? {sep_token} Who is the protagonist of the novel? {sep_token}

generate questions: The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee's talent for narration, which in an early review in Time was called "tactile brilliance". Writing a decade later, another scholar noted, "Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. Her art is visual, and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition." Lee combines the narrator's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman's reflecting on her childhood, using the ambiguity of this voice combined with the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives. This narrative method allows Lee to tell a "delightfully deceptive" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville Hicks expressed doubt that children as sheltered as Scout and Jem could understand the complexities and horrors involved in the trial for Tom Robinson's life.

What is Lee's strongest style of writing? {sep_token} What narrative technique does Lee use to combine the adult's perspective with the child's observations?? {sep_token}

generate questions: Harper Lee has remained famously detached from interpreting the novel since the mid-1960s. However, she gave some insight into her themes when, in a rare letter to the editor, she wrote in response to the passionate reaction her book caused: "Surely it is plain to the simplest intelligence that To Kill a Mockingbird spells out in words of seldom more than two syllables a code of honor and conduct, Christian in its ethic, that is the heritage of all Southerners."

According to Lee, her book simply expressed a Christian code of honor and conduct inherit to whom? {sep_token}

generate questions: When the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of "fine folks" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the characters.

Besides the children's fascination with Boo, the first part of the book was concerned about their feelings for what? {sep_token} Lee's detailed explanations of the characters' behaviors caused one writer to catagorize the book as what? {sep_token} Scout defined people doing the best they could with what they had as who? {sep_token} What drives the plot of the book more than the characters? {sep_token}

generate questions: Tom Robinson is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel. However, scholar Christopher Metress connects the mockingbird to Boo Radley: "Instead of wanting to exploit Boo for her own fun (as she does in the beginning of the novel by putting on gothic plays about his history), Scout comes to see him as a 'mockingbird'—that is, as someone with an inner goodness that must be cherished." The last pages of the book illustrate this as Scout relates the moral of a story Atticus has been reading to her, and in allusions to both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson states about a character who was misunderstood, "when they finally saw him, why he hadn't done any of those things ... Atticus, he was real nice," to which he responds, "Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them."

Who is the main example of an innocent destroyed in the novel? {sep_token} What does Scout see symbollically as a mockingbird? {sep_token} According to Atticus, most people are how when you truly view them? {sep_token}

generate questions: The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy. In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat, Lee builds a framework to judge whether the characters are heroes or fools. She guides the reader in such judgments, alternating between unabashed adoration and biting irony. Scout's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her, gossip, and "reflect a smug, colonialist attitude toward other races" while giving the "appearance of gentility, piety, and morality". Conversely, when Atticus loses Tom's case, he is last to leave the courtroom, except for his children and the black spectators in the colored balcony, who rise silently as he walks underneath them, to honor his efforts.

Reviewer R. A. Dave classified the novel how? {sep_token}

generate questions: Initial reactions to the novel were varied. The New Yorker declared it "skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious", and The Atlantic Monthly's reviewer rated it as "pleasant, undemanding reading", but found the narrative voice—"a six-year-old girl with the prose style of a well-educated adult"—to be implausible. Time magazine's 1960 review of the book states that it "teaches the reader an astonishing number of useful truths about little girls and about Southern life" and calls Scout Finch "the most appealing child since Carson McCullers' Frankie got left behind at the wedding". The Chicago Sunday Tribune noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events, writing: "This is in no way a sociological novel. It underlines no cause ... To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel of strong contemporary national significance."

What newspaper wrote that the novel has strong contemporary national significance? {sep_token}

generate questions: Not all reviewers were enthusiastic. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book "melodramatic and contrived". When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, "I think for a child's book it does all right. It's interesting that all the folks that are buying it don't know they're reading a child's book. Somebody ought to say what it is." Carson McCullers apparently agreed with the Time magazine review, writing to a cousin: "Well, honey, one thing we know is that she's been poaching on my literary preserves."

Which reviewer called the book melodramatic and contrived? {sep_token} Which Southern writer deemed it a child's book? {sep_token}

generate questions: The 50th anniversary of the novel's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact. Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's "rich use of language" but writes that the central lesson is that "courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style". Jane Sullivan in the Sydney Morning Herald agrees, stating that the book "still rouses fresh and horrified indignation" as it examines morality, a topic that has recently become unfashionable. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie writing in The Guardian states that Lee, rare among American novelists, writes with "a fiercely progressive ink, in which there is nothing inevitable about racism and its very foundation is open to question", comparing her to William Faulkner, who wrote about racism as an inevitability. Literary critic Rosemary Goring in Scotland's The Herald notes the connections between Lee and Jane Austen, stating the book's central theme, that "one’s moral convictions are worth fighting for, even at the risk of being reviled" is eloquently discussed.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie vompared Lee to whom? {sep_token} Rosemary Goring connected Lee to whom? {sep_token}

generate questions: Native Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a "repository of cracker-barrel epigrams" and the novel represents a "sugar-coated myth" of Alabama history. Barra writes, "It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature. Its bloodless liberal humanism is sadly dated". Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker criticizes Atticus' stiff and self-righteous demeanor, and calls Scout "a kind of highly constructed doll" whose speech and actions are improbable. Although acknowledging that the novel works, Mallon blasts Lee's "wildly unstable" narrative voice for developing a story about a content neighborhood until it begins to impart morals in the courtroom drama, following with his observation that "the book has begun to cherish its own goodness" by the time the case is over.[note 2] Defending the book, Akin Ajayi writes that justice "is often complicated, but must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all." Ajayi states that the book forces readers to question issues about race, class, and society, but that it was not written to resolve them.

Who criticized Lee in The Wall Street Journal? {sep_token} Who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them? {sep_token}

generate questions: Furthermore, despite the novel's thematic focus on racial injustice, its black characters are not fully examined. In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the "contented slave" motif and to others simply unexplored, the book is viewed as marginalizing black characters. One writer asserts that the use of Scout's narration serves as a convenient mechanism for readers to be innocent and detached from the racial conflict. Scout's voice "functions as the not-me which allows the rest of us—black and white, male and female—to find our relative position in society". A teaching guide for the novel published by The English Journal cautions, "what seems wonderful or powerful to one group of students may seem degrading to another". A Canadian language arts consultant found that the novel resonated well with white students, but that black students found it "demoralizing". Another criticism, articulated by Michael Lind, is that the novel indulges in classist stereotyping and demonization of poor rural "white trash".

Which character has some critics deemed a variation of a contented slave? {sep_token} According to one consultant, which group found the book demoralizing? {sep_token} Michael Lund criticized the novel for demonizing whom? {sep_token}

generate questions: Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality. This feeling causes them to question the beliefs with which they have been raised, which for many children is what the novel does. McWhorter writes of Lee, "for a white person from the South to write a book like this in the late 1950s is really unusual—by its very existence an act of protest."[note 4] Author James McBride calls Lee brilliant but stops short of calling her brave: "I think by calling Harper Lee brave you kind of absolve yourself of your own racism ... She certainly set the standards in terms of how these issues need to be discussed, but in many ways I feel ... the moral bar's been lowered. And that's really distressing. We need a thousand Atticus Finches." McBride, however, defends the book's sentimentality, and the way Lee approaches the story with "honesty and integrity".

According to Diane McWhorter, every child in the South had to face what? {sep_token} McWhorter wrote that the existance of the book was what? {sep_token}

generate questions: According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum. David Lister in The Independent states that Lee's refusal to speak to reporters made them desire to interview her all the more, and her silence "makes Bob Dylan look like a media tart". Despite her discouragement, a rising number of tourists made to Monroeville a destination, hoping to see Lee's inspiration for the book, or Lee herself. Local residents call them "Mockingbird groupies", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic "Hell, no!"

How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book? {sep_token} What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.

Where does solar energy come from? {sep_token} What kind of energy consists of the light and heat provided by the Sun? {sep_token} What technologies are used to harness solar energy from the sun? {sep_token} What is solar energy? {sep_token}

generate questions: The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.

How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive? {sep_token} What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by the atmosphere? {sep_token} The areas that people live in typically receive what range of kWh/m2 per day? {sep_token} How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive? {sep_token} How much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space? {sep_token} What are the insolation levels of most populated areas? {sep_token} Where is the solar radiation not reflected back to space absorbed? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.

The Earth's oceans cover what percentage of the globe? {sep_token} What is the average temperature of the Earth's surface in Celsius? {sep_token} What is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy? {sep_token} How much of the earth is covered by oceans? {sep_token} What is the cause of atmospheric circulation? {sep_token} How does the water vapor that rises in warm air turn into clouds? {sep_token} What creates wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones? {sep_token} What is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called? {sep_token}

generate questions: The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined,

Each year the Earth absorbs how much solar energy in exajoules? {sep_token} In 2002, the Sun provided more energy in one hour than humans used in what span of time? {sep_token} How much energy in exajoules does photosynthesis capture each year? {sep_token} Twice the amount of energy obtainable by all the non-renewable sources on Earth can be provided by the Sun in what span of time? {sep_token} What is the amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth? {sep_token} How much solar energy is captured by photosynthesis? {sep_token} The amount of solar energy per year is twice as much as the energy that will ever be produced from what resources? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way.

Where do the majority of renewable energies derive their energy from? {sep_token} How are solar technologies defined? {sep_token} What is one way that characterizes solar technologies as passive or active? {sep_token} Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun? {sep_token} How do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun? {sep_token}

generate questions: Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies.

Are supply side solar technologies generally active or passive? {sep_token} Are demand side solar technologies generally active or passive? {sep_token} What is an active solar technique used to generate energy? {sep_token} What does an active solar technique do? {sep_token} What does a passive solar technique do? {sep_token}

generate questions: In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In 1908 Shuman formed the Sun Power Company with the intent of building larger solar power plants. He, along with his technical advisor A.S.E. Ackermann and British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys, developed an improved system using mirrors to reflect solar energy upon collector boxes, increasing heating capacity to the extent that water could now be used instead of ether. Shuman then constructed a full-scale steam engine powered by low-pressure water, enabling him to patent the entire solar engine system by 1912.

What was the name of the inventor who built a solar engine in 1897? {sep_token} In what year was the Sun Power Company formed? {sep_token} Shuman patented his solar engine system in what year? {sep_token} Who is Frank Shuman? {sep_token} In what year did solar engine build his solar engine? {sep_token} What was the solar engine used to power? {sep_token} In what year was the Sun Power Company established? {sep_token} In what year did Frank Shuman patent his solar engine? {sep_token}

generate questions: Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy, Shuman’s vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy. In 1916 Shuman was quoted in the media advocating solar energy's utilization, saying:

Where did Shuman build the world's first solar thermal power station? {sep_token} How many liters of water per minute did Shuman's engine pump in litres? {sep_token} In what decade were Shuman's ideas about solar energy revived? {sep_token} Where was the first solar thermal power plant built? {sep_token} What was used to power the plants engine? {sep_token} From what river did the engine pump water? {sep_token} What slowed down the growth of solar energy? {sep_token} When was the interest in solar energy restored? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.

According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems? {sep_token} What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water? {sep_token} How much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes? {sep_token} What is a common type of solar water heater? {sep_token} What type of solar water heater is used to heat pools? {sep_token}

generate questions: As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them. In the United States, Canada and Australia heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005.

What was the total capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007 in gigawatts? {sep_token} Over 90% of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries? {sep_token} What is the capacity of a solar hot water system? {sep_token} What country is the leader in the implementation of solar powered hot water systems? {sep_token} What percentage of households use solar hot water systems in Israel and Cyprus? {sep_token} In what countries is the use to solar hot water used mainly for w=swimming pools? {sep_token}

generate questions: In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this energy.

What percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from HVAC systems? {sep_token} How much energy does an HVAC system use in commercial locations? {sep_token} How much energy does an HVAC system use in residential locations? {sep_token} What can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by HVAC systems? {sep_token}

generate questions: Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night. However, they can be used in cold temperate areas to maintain warmth as well. The size and placement of thermal mass depend on several factors such as climate, daylighting and shading conditions. When properly incorporated, thermal mass maintains space temperatures in a comfortable range and reduces the need for auxiliary heating and cooling equipment.

Materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass? {sep_token} What is thermal mass? {sep_token} What are typical thermal mass material? {sep_token} How is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool? {sep_token} What is a something that determines the size of thermal mass? {sep_token} What does thermal mass reduce the need for? {sep_token}

generate questions: A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses.

What kind of system is a solar chimney? {sep_token} What is a solar chimney? {sep_token} What is a solar chimney made of? {sep_token} How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved? {sep_token}

generate questions: Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain.

The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season? {sep_token} What is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling? {sep_token} How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees? {sep_token} Why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator? {sep_token} What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid. It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90–150 °C (194–302 °F). Panel cookers use a reflective panel to direct sunlight onto an insulated container and reach temperatures comparable to box cookers. Reflector cookers use various concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container. These cookers reach temperatures of 315 °C (599 °F) and above but require direct light to function properly and must be repositioned to track the Sun.

Horace de Saussure built the first box cooker in what year? {sep_token} Reflector cookers can reach temperatures in Celsius of up to what? {sep_token} What are solar cookers used for? {sep_token} What are the 3 main categories of solar cookers? {sep_token} Who created the box cooker? {sep_token} What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker? {sep_token} What do reflector cookers require to function? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the process heating, air conditioning and electrical requirements for a clothing factory. This grid-connected cogeneration system provided 400 kW of electricity plus thermal energy in the form of 401 kW steam and 468 kW chilled water, and had a one-hour peak load thermal storage. Evaporation ponds are shallow pools that concentrate dissolved solids through evaporation. The use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water is one of the oldest applications of solar energy. Modern uses include concentrating brine solutions used in leach mining and removing dissolved solids from waste streams. Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks dry clothes through evaporation by wind and sunlight without consuming electricity or gas. In some states of the United States legislation protects the "right to dry" clothes. Unglazed transpired collectors (UTC) are perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air. UTCs can raise the incoming air temperature up to 22 °C (40 °F) and deliver outlet temperatures of 45–60 °C (113–140 °F). The short payback period of transpired collectors (3 to 12 years) makes them a more cost-effective alternative than glazed collection systems. As of 2003, over 80 systems with a combined collector area of 35,000 square metres (380,000 sq ft) had been installed worldwide, including an 860 m2 (9,300 sq ft) collector in Costa Rica used for drying coffee beans and a 1,300 m2 (14,000 sq ft) collector in Coimbatore, India, used for drying marigolds.

The Solar Total Energy Project had a field of how many parabolic dishes? {sep_token} Are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems? {sep_token} What are some examples of solar concentrating technologies? {sep_token} What was the first commercial solar concentrating system? {sep_token} What is one of the oldest uses of solar energy? {sep_token} What are some items used to dry clothes without the use of electricity? {sep_token} What are Unglazed transpired collectors? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,000 sq ft), could produce up to 22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day and operate for 40 years. Individual still designs include single-slope, double-slope (or greenhouse type), vertical, conical, inverted absorber, multi-wick, and multiple effect. These stills can operate in passive, active, or hybrid modes. Double-slope stills are the most economical for decentralized domestic purposes, while active multiple effect units are more suitable for large-scale applications.

In what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in Las Salinas? {sep_token} What is used to make saline or brackish water drinkable? {sep_token} By who was the first record of solar distillation done by? {sep_token} When was the first large solar distillation plant created? {sep_token} How much water was produced by the plant? {sep_token} What is an example of a solar distillation design? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar water disinfection (SODIS) involves exposing water-filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to sunlight for several hours. Exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions. It is recommended by the World Health Organization as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage. Over two million people in developing countries use this method for their daily drinking water.

Solar water disinfection is recommended by which organization? {sep_token} How long should the plastic bottles filled with water be exposed to sunlight during Solar water disinfection? {sep_token} What does the World Health Organization say about Solar water disinfection? {sep_token} How many people use Solar water disinfection to disinfect their drinking water? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity. A further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable.

What is a possible negative effect of algae in water stabilization ponds? {sep_token} For what reason would solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond? {sep_token} What is a reason why the water from a water stabilisation pond may be unusable? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar power is anticipated to become the world's largest source of electricity by 2050, with solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar power contributing 16 and 11 percent to the global overall consumption, respectively.

By what year is solar power expected to become the world's greatest source of electricity? {sep_token} When is solar power is foreseen to become the largest source of electricity? {sep_token}

generate questions: Commercial CSP plants were first developed in the 1980s. Since 1985 the eventually 354 MW SEGS CSP installation, in the Mojave Desert of California, is the largest solar power plant in the world. Other large CSP plants include the 150 MW Solnova Solar Power Station and the 100 MW Andasol solar power station, both in Spain. The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world’s largest photovoltaic plants. Solar projects exceeding 1 GW are being developed, but most of the deployed photovoltaics are in small rooftop arrays of less than 5 kW, which are grid connected using net metering and/or a feed-in tariff. In 2013 solar generated less than 1% of the worlds total grid electricity.

The largest solar power plant in the world is located in what desert? {sep_token} Less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity was generated by solar energy in what year? {sep_token} What is the largest solar power plant in the world? {sep_token} Where is the largest solar power plant in the world located? {sep_token} What are the largest photovoltaic solar power plants? {sep_token}

generate questions: In the last two decades, photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar PV, has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect. The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s. In 1931 a German engineer, Dr Bruno Lange, developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide. Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity, both Ernst Werner von Siemens and James Clerk Maxwell recognized the importance of this discovery. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954. These early solar cells cost 286 USD/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5–6%. By 2012 available efficiencies exceed 20% and the maximum efficiency of research photovoltaics is over 40%.

In the 1880s, who constructed the first solar cell? {sep_token} In what year was the crystalline silicon solar cell constructed? {sep_token} What has happened to photovoltaic in the past 20 years? {sep_token} What is a solar cell? {sep_token} Who created the first solar cell? {sep_token} Who created the first solar cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide? {sep_token} Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell? {sep_token}

generate questions: Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the concentrating linear fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower. Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage.

In all the different CSP systems, concentrated sunlight is used to heat what? {sep_token} What do Concentrating Solar Power systems use? {sep_token} What is the heat generated from a Concentrating Solar Power system used for? {sep_token} What is one of the most developed Concentrating Solar Power technologies? {sep_token} What do Concentrating Solar Power technologies have in common? {sep_token}

generate questions: The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates' Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance.

Socrate's what is a classic example of passive solar design? {sep_token} What is a common feature of passive solar architecture? {sep_token} What is produced when the features of passive solar architecture are customized to the environment? {sep_token} What is an example of passive solar design? {sep_token} What kind of equipment can improve system performance? {sep_token}

generate questions: Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment. A straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect is to paint buildings and roads white and plant trees. Using these methods, a hypothetical "cool communities" program in Los Angeles has projected that urban temperatures could be reduced by approximately 3 °C at an estimated cost of US$1 billion, giving estimated total annual benefits of US$530 million from reduced air-conditioning costs and healthcare savings.

UHI is an abbreviation of what? {sep_token} A program in Los Angeles believes that with $1 billion, city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in Celsius? {sep_token} What are the metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding areas called? {sep_token} What materials absorb sunlight and create higher temperatures than natural materials? {sep_token} What is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands? {sep_token}

generate questions: Agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields. While sunlight is generally considered a plentiful resource, the exceptions highlight the importance of solar energy to agriculture. During the short growing seasons of the Little Ice Age, French and English farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy. These walls acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm. Early fruit walls were built perpendicular to the ground and facing south, but over time, sloping walls were developed to make better use of sunlight. In 1699, Nicolas Fatio de Duillier even suggested using a tracking mechanism which could pivot to follow the Sun. Applications of solar energy in agriculture aside from growing crops include pumping water, drying crops, brooding chicks and drying chicken manure. More recently the technology has been embraced by vinters, who use the energy generated by solar panels to power grape presses.

During the Little Ice Age, what did English and French farmers use to increase collection of solar energy? {sep_token} Vinters have adopted solar technology to do what? {sep_token} Why do agriculture and horticulture seek to make the most use of the solar energy captured? {sep_token} What are some techniques used to improve crop production? {sep_token} What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy? {sep_token} What was the purpose of the fruit walls built by French and English farmers? {sep_token}

generate questions: Greenhouses convert solar light to heat, enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate. Primitive greenhouses were first used during Roman times to produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius. The first modern greenhouses were built in Europe in the 16th century to keep exotic plants brought back from explorations abroad. Greenhouses remain an important part of horticulture today, and plastic transparent materials have also been used to similar effect in polytunnels and row covers.

When were the first greenhouses used? {sep_token} In what century were the first modern greenhouses constructed? {sep_token} What do greenhouses do with solar energy? {sep_token} What is one purpose of a greenhouse? {sep_token} What was one of the first uses of a greenhouse? {sep_token} Where were the first modern greenhouses built? {sep_token}

generate questions: Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winner's average speed was 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) and by 2007 the winner's average speed had improved to 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph). The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles.

What is the name of the solar powered car race held every two years? {sep_token} What was the winner of the World Solar Challenge's average speed in 2007 in km/h? {sep_token} What is The World Solar Challenge? {sep_token} When was The World Solar Challenge started? {sep_token} What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987? {sep_token} What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car by 2007? {sep_token} What are some other similar car races that use solar powered vehicles? {sep_token}

generate questions: In 1975, the first practical solar boat was constructed in England. By 1995, passenger boats incorporating PV panels began appearing and are now used extensively. In 1996, Kenichi Horie made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean, and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the winter of 2006–2007. There were plans to circumnavigate the globe in 2010.

The first practical solar boat was constructed in what year? {sep_token} When was the first solar powered boat made? {sep_token} Who first crossed the Pacific ocean using a solar powered boat? {sep_token} What was the name of the first solar powered boat that crossed the Atlantic ocean? {sep_token}

generate questions: In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by photovoltaics. This was quickly followed by the Solar Challenger which crossed the English Channel in July 1981. In 1990 Eric Scott Raymond in 21 hops flew from California to North Carolina using solar power. Developments then turned back to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with the Pathfinder (1997) and subsequent designs, culminating in the Helios which set the altitude record for a non-rocket-propelled aircraft at 29,524 metres (96,864 ft) in 2001. The Zephyr, developed by BAE Systems, is the latest in a line of record-breaking solar aircraft, making a 54-hour flight in 2007, and month-long flights were envisioned by 2010. As of 2015, Solar Impulse, an electric aircraft, is currently circumnavigating the globe. It is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells and capable of taking off under its own power. The designed allows the aircraft to remain airborne for 36 hours.

What altitude did the Solar Riser reach in feet? {sep_token} What is the name of the aircraft circling the globe in 2015 via solar power? {sep_token} When was the first unmanned flight by a solar powered plane made? {sep_token} When was the first solar powered manned flight made? {sep_token} When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel? {sep_token} Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly using a solar powered plane in 1990? {sep_token} How long is the solar powered plane Solar Impulse able to remain in the air? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar chemical processes use solar energy to drive chemical reactions. These processes offset energy that would otherwise come from a fossil fuel source and can also convert solar energy into storable and transportable fuels. Solar induced chemical reactions can be divided into thermochemical or photochemical. A variety of fuels can be produced by artificial photosynthesis. The multielectron catalytic chemistry involved in making carbon-based fuels (such as methanol) from reduction of carbon dioxide is challenging; a feasible alternative is hydrogen production from protons, though use of water as the source of electrons (as plants do) requires mastering the multielectron oxidation of two water molecules to molecular oxygen. Some have envisaged working solar fuel plants in coastal metropolitan areas by 2050 – the splitting of sea water providing hydrogen to be run through adjacent fuel-cell electric power plants and the pure water by-product going directly into the municipal water system. Another vision involves all human structures covering the earth's surface (i.e., roads, vehicles and buildings) doing photosynthesis more efficiently than plants.

What is a possible alternative to making carbon-based fuels from reduction of carbon dioxide? {sep_token} What process converts solar energy into storable and transportable fuels? {sep_token} What solar process can be used to produce different fuels? {sep_token}

generate questions: Hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s. Aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells, several thermochemical processes have also been explored. One such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures (2,300–2,600 °C or 4,200–4,700 °F). Another approach uses the heat from solar concentrators to drive the steam reformation of natural gas thereby increasing the overall hydrogen yield compared to conventional reforming methods. Thermochemical cycles characterized by the decomposition and regeneration of reactants present another avenue for hydrogen production. The Solzinc process under development at the Weizmann Institute uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide (ZnO) at temperatures above 1,200 °C (2,200 °F). This initial reaction produces pure zinc, which can subsequently be reacted with water to produce hydrogen.

What is the name of the process under development at the Weizmann Institute? {sep_token} The Solznic process produces what? {sep_token} What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? {sep_token} What is one of the thermochemical processes that has been explored besides electrolysis? {sep_token} What is the name of the process being developed by the Weizmann Institute? {sep_token}

generate questions: Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.

In what form do thermal mass systems store solar energy? {sep_token} What is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat? {sep_token} What are some of the materials used in thermal storage systems? {sep_token} What is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system? {sep_token}

generate questions: Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system, in 1948. Solar energy can also be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. The Solar Two used this method of energy storage, allowing it to store 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) in its 68 cubic metres storage tank with an annual storage efficiency of about 99%.

Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media? {sep_token} The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where? {sep_token} What are some examples of phase change materials? {sep_token} What are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials? {sep_token} What was the name of the heating system that first used Glauber's salt? {sep_token} Why are salts good for thermal storage? {sep_token} How much energy was the Solar Two able to store using salts? {sep_token}

generate questions: Off-grid PV systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity. With grid-tied systems, excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid, while standard grid electricity can be used to meet shortfalls. Net metering programs give household systems a credit for any electricity they deliver to the grid. This is handled by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes. If the net electricity use is below zero, the utility then rolls over the kilowatt hour credit to the next month. Other approaches involve the use of two meters, to measure electricity consumed vs. electricity produced. This is less common due to the increased installation cost of the second meter. Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions, making a second meter unnecessary.

Where do off-grid PV systems store excess electricity? {sep_token} What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity? {sep_token} What are the programs that gives credit to households for delivering electricity to the grid called? {sep_token} How is the credit to households accomplished? {sep_token} Why is a second meter usually unnecessary to monitor electricity use? {sep_token}

generate questions: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator.

When water is released due to high demand, the pump become swhat? {sep_token} Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form? {sep_token} How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered? {sep_token}

generate questions: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies? {sep_token} What brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s? {sep_token} What are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology? {sep_token} What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US? {sep_token} What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan? {sep_token} What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Germany? {sep_token}

generate questions: Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

The solar water heaters introduced in the US in the 1890s saw growth until what time period? {sep_token} Since 1999, what average rate has the solar water heating sector progressed at? {sep_token} When did the use of solar water heaters in the US first begin? {sep_token} Why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s? {sep_token} Growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999 {sep_token} What was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007? {sep_token}

generate questions: The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:

Which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues? {sep_token} Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world? {sep_token}

generate questions: The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters.

ISO 9050 relates to standards for what? {sep_token} ISO 10217 relates to standards for what? {sep_token} What is the name of the standard related to glass in building? {sep_token} What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters? {sep_token}

generate questions: It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

What are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as? {sep_token} What are some active solar techniques used to harness solar energy? {sep_token} What is an example of a passive solar technique? {sep_token}

generate questions: The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.

What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012? {sep_token} What is solar energy's yearly potential? {sep_token} What makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity> {sep_token} Who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000? {sep_token}

generate questions: In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

How will solar energy increase energy security? {sep_token} What costs will solar energy lower? {sep_token} What should the cost of incentives for producing solar energy be considered? {sep_token} What effect will solar energy have on the price of fossil fuels? {sep_token}

generate questions: The potential solar energy that could be used by humans differs from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet because factors such as geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limits the amount of solar energy that we can acquire.

Why does the amount of usable solar energy differ from the amount near the planets surface? {sep_token}

generate questions: Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.

Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available? {sep_token} What is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth's equator? {sep_token} Why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy? {sep_token} What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available? {sep_token}

generate questions: In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels. Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are unowned by businesses where solar plants can be established.

Why does land availability have an effect on solar energy? {sep_token} Why are roofs a good place for solar panels? {sep_token}

generate questions: In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans. The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of 1,575–49,837 EJ per year (see table below).

What factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy? {sep_token} What was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate? {sep_token}

generate questions: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

What is solar power? {sep_token} How is sunlight converted into electricity? {sep_token} What does a concentrated solar power system use? {sep_token} What is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system? {sep_token} What method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity? {sep_token}

generate questions: Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.

What has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history? {sep_token} Who first utilized solar architecture? {sep_token} In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing? {sep_token}

generate questions: A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

What is a solar balloon? {sep_token} What happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon? {sep_token} What is the use of solar balloons typically limited to? {sep_token} Why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market? {sep_token}

generate questions: Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum.

Why was solar technology developed in the 1860s? {sep_token} What slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century? {sep_token}

generate questions: In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters. "The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale".

According to a report in 2011, by what year could solar energy provide a third of the world's energy? {sep_token} What could the sun's energy do to help limit climate change? {sep_token}

generate questions: Kanye Omari West (/ˈkɑːnjeɪ/; born June 8, 1977) is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, rapper, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. He is among the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century, attracting both praise and controversy for his work and his outspoken public persona.

What year was Kanye born? {sep_token} What kind of music does Kanye West perform? {sep_token} What is Kanye West's middle name? {sep_token} When is Kanye West's birthday? {sep_token}

generate questions: Raised in Chicago, West briefly attended art school before becoming known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, producing hit singles for artists such as Jay-Z and Alicia Keys. Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread commercial and critical success, and founded record label GOOD Music. He went on to explore a variety of different musical styles on subsequent albums that included the baroque-inflected Late Registration (2005), the arena-inspired Graduation (2007), and the starkly polarizing 808s & Heartbreak (2008). In 2010, he released his critically acclaimed fifth album, the maximalist My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, and the following year he collaborated with Jay-Z on the joint LP Watch the Throne (2011). West released his abrasive sixth album, Yeezus, to further critical praise in 2013. Following a series of recording delays and work on non-musical projects, West's seventh album, The Life of Pablo, was released in 2016.

What was the first label that Kanye produced for? {sep_token} Who are some well known artists that Kanye produced for early in his career? {sep_token} How many albums has Kanye released since starting his solo career in 2004? {sep_token} With which artists that Kanye formerly produced for did he go on to collaborate with? {sep_token} Where did Kanye West live as a child? {sep_token} What was Kanye West's first job title after art school? {sep_token} What year did Kanye West release his first rap CD? {sep_token} How many total CDs has Kanye West released in his career so far? {sep_token}

generate questions: West is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 32 million albums and 100 million digital downloads worldwide. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time and the most Grammy-awarded artist of his age. Three of his albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list; two of his albums feature at first and eighth, respectively, in Pitchfork Media's The 100 Best Albums of 2010–2014. He has also been included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015.

How many albums has Kanye sold? {sep_token} How many downloads do Kanye's tracks have across the globe? {sep_token} Kanye is known for having the most of what type of award for his age? {sep_token} How many albums does Kanye have on the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list? {sep_token} What popular magazine placed Kanye on their annual list in 2005 and 2015? {sep_token} How many CDs has Kanye West sold? {sep_token} How many Grammy Awards has Kanye West won? {sep_token} How many of Kanye West's albums were recognized by Rolling Stone Magazine? {sep_token} Which years was Kanye West mentioned in Time Magazine? {sep_token}

generate questions: Kanye Omari West was born on June 8, 1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University before retiring to serve as his manager. West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago.

What subject did Kanye's mother teach at her university? {sep_token} What Georgia city was Kanye West born? {sep_token} What was the name of the business that Kanye West helped fund in 2006? {sep_token} Where did Kanye West's mother work before becoming his manager? {sep_token} What was the name of Kanye West's high school? {sep_token}

generate questions: At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, where she was teaching at Nanjing University as part of an exchange program. According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in high school, West replied, "I got A's and B's. And I'm not even frontin'."

Where did Kanye and his mother relocate when he was 10? {sep_token} While staying in China, Kanye was the only what in his class? {sep_token} How well did Kanye do in high school? {sep_token} At what age did Kanye West relocate to China? {sep_token} What University was the cause of West's mother moving the family to China? {sep_token}

generate questions: West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old. His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in the city,[which?] West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene. He started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists. At age thirteen, West wrote a rap song called "Green Eggs and Ham" and began to persuade his mother to pay $25 an hour for time in a recording studio. It was a small, crude basement studio where a microphone hung from the ceiling by a wire clothes hanger. Although this wasn't what West's mother wanted, she nonetheless supported him. West crossed paths with producer/DJ No I.D., with whom he quickly formed a close friendship. No I.D. soon became West's mentor, and it was from him that West learned how to sample and program beats after he received his first sampler at age 15.

What was Kanye creating when he was five? {sep_token} What was one of the first tracks written by Kanye when he was 13? {sep_token} Who did Kanye meet early in his career who later mentored him? {sep_token} What activity did Kanye West start doing when he was five? {sep_token} What was the name of the song he wrote at age thirteen? {sep_token} What was the name of the producer that helped Kanye West? {sep_token}