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--- |
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license: apache-2.0 |
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language: |
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- pus |
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datasets: |
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- allenai/MADLAD-400 |
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- allenai/nllb |
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- oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109 |
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- cis-lmu/Glot500 |
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- sil-ai/bloom-lm |
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library_name: transformers |
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pipeline_tag: text-generation |
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tags: |
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- goldfish |
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- arxiv:2408.10441 |
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--- |
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# pus_arab_1000mb |
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Goldfish is a suite of monolingual language models trained for 350 languages. |
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This model is the <b>Pushto</b> (Arabic script) model trained on 1000MB of data, after accounting for an estimated byte premium of 1.59; content-matched text in Pushto takes on average 1.59x as many UTF-8 bytes to encode as English. |
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The Goldfish models are trained primarily for comparability across languages and for low-resource languages; Goldfish performance for high-resource languages is not designed to be comparable with modern large language models (LLMs). |
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Note: pus_arab is a [macrolanguage](https://iso639-3.sil.org/code_tables/639/data) code. Individual language code pbt_arab (Southern Pashto) is included in Goldfish, although with less data. |
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All training and hyperparameter details are in our paper, [Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages (Chang et al., 2024)](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.10441). |
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Training code and sample usage: https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish |
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Sample usage also in this Google Colab: [link](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1rHFpnQsyXJ32ONwCosWZ7frjOYjbGCXG?usp=sharing) |
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## Model details: |
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To access all Goldfish model details programmatically, see https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish/blob/main/model_details.json. |
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All models are trained with a [CLS] (same as [BOS]) token prepended, and a [SEP] (same as [EOS]) token separating sequences. |
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For best results, make sure that [CLS] is prepended to your input sequence (see sample usage linked above)! |
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Details for this model specifically: |
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* Architecture: gpt2 |
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* Parameters: 124770816 |
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* Maximum sequence length: 512 tokens |
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* Training text data (raw): 1585.67MB |
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* Training text data (byte premium scaled): 1000.005MB |
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* Training tokens: 237871616 (x10 epochs) |
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* Vocabulary size: 50000 |
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* Compute cost: 1.213977935609856e+18 FLOPs or ~114.8 NVIDIA A6000 GPU hours |
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Training datasets (percentages prior to deduplication): |
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* 60.56138%: [MADLAD-400 (CommonCrawl)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/MADLAD-400) |
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* 16.95008%: [NLLB (CommonCrawl and ParaCrawl)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/nllb) |
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* 11.68420%: [OSCAR 2021/09](https://huggingface.co/datasets/oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109) |
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* 6.73176%: [Glot500](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cis-lmu/Glot500), including [BLOOM](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sil-ai/bloom-lm), [CCNet](https://github.com/facebookresearch/cc_net), [Earthlings](https://publicdata.canterbury.ac.nz/Research/Geocorpus/CCGLU_v5.0/), [Wortschatz Leipzig Data](https://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/en/download), [NLLB_seed](https://github.com/facebookresearch/flores/blob/main/nllb_seed/README.md), [OSCAR](https://oscar-project.org/), [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/en/), [TICO](https://tico-19.github.io/) |
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* 4.07251%: [Wikipedia 2023/08](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/) |
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* 0.00007%: [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/en/) |
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## Citation |
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If you use this model, please cite: |
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``` |
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@article{chang-etal-2024-goldfish, |
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title={Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages}, |
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author={Chang, Tyler A. and Arnett, Catherine and Tu, Zhuowen and Bergen, Benjamin K.}, |
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journal={Preprint}, |
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year={2024}, |
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url={https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.10441}, |
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} |
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``` |
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