metadata

license: creativeml-openrail-m
tags:
  - text-to-image

Karlo v1 alpha

Karlo is a text-conditional image generation model based on OpenAI's unCLIP architecture with the improvement over the standard super-resolution model from 64px to 256px, recovering high-frequency details only in the small number of denoising steps.

Original codebase

Usage

Karlo is available in diffusers!

pip install diffusers transformers accelerate safetensors

Text to image

from diffusers import UnCLIPPipeline
import torch

pipe = UnCLIPPipeline.from_pretrained("kakaobrain/karlo-v1-alpha", torch_dtype=torch.float16)
pipe = pipe.to('cuda')

prompt = "a high-resolution photograph of a big red frog on a green leaf."

image = pipe([prompt]).images[0]

image.save("./frog.png")

Image variation

from diffusers import UnCLIPImageVariationPipeline
import torch
from PIL import Image

pipe = UnCLIPImageVariationPipeline.from_pretrained("kakaobrain/karlo-v1-alpha-image-variations", torch_dtype=torch.float16)
pipe = pipe.to('cuda')

image = Image.open("./frog.png")

image = pipe(image).images[0]

image.save("./frog-variation.png")

Model Architecture

Overview

Karlo is a text-conditional diffusion model based on unCLIP, composed of prior, decoder, and super-resolution modules. In this repository, we include the improved version of the standard super-resolution module for upscaling 64px to 256px only in 7 reverse steps, as illustrated in the figure below:

In specific, the standard SR module trained by DDPM objective upscales 64px to 256px in the first 6 denoising steps based on the respacing technique. Then, the additional fine-tuned SR module trained by VQ-GAN-style loss performs the final reverse step to recover high-frequency details. We observe that this approach is very effective to upscale the low-resolution in a small number of reverse steps.

Details

We train all components from scratch on 115M image-text pairs including COYO-100M, CC3M, and CC12M. In the case of Prior and Decoder, we use ViT-L/14 provided by OpenAI’s CLIP repository. Unlike the original implementation of unCLIP, we replace the trainable transformer in the decoder into the text encoder in ViT-L/14 for efficiency. In the case of the SR module, we first train the model using the DDPM objective in 1M steps, followed by additional 234K steps to fine-tune the additional component. The table below summarizes the important statistics of our components:

	Prior	Decoder	SR
CLIP	ViT-L/14	ViT-L/14	-
#param	1B	900M	700M + 700M
#optimization steps	1M	1M	1M + 0.2M
#sampling steps	25	50 (default), 25 (fast)	7
Checkpoint links	ViT-L-14, ViT-L-14 stats, model	model	model

In the checkpoint links, ViT-L-14 is equivalent to the original version, but we include it for convenience. We also remark that ViT-L-14-stats is required to normalize the outputs of the prior module.

Evaluation

We quantitatively measure the performance of Karlo-v1.0.alpha in the validation split of CC3M and MS-COCO. The table below presents CLIP-score and FID. To measure FID, we resize the image of the shorter side to 256px, followed by cropping it at the center. We set classifier-free guidance scales for prior and decoder to 4 and 8 in all cases. We observe that our model achieves reasonable performance even with 25 sampling steps of decoder.

CC3M

Sampling step	CLIP-s (ViT-B/16)	FID (13k from val)
Prior (25) + Decoder (25) + SR (7)	0.3081	14.37
Prior (25) + Decoder (50) + SR (7)	0.3086	13.95

MS-COCO

Sampling step	CLIP-s (ViT-B/16)	FID (30k from val)
Prior (25) + Decoder (25) + SR (7)	0.3192	15.24
Prior (25) + Decoder (50) + SR (7)	0.3192	14.43

For more information, please refer to the upcoming technical report.

Training Details

This alpha version of Karlo is trained on 115M image-text pairs, including COYO-100M high-quality subset, CC3M, and CC12M. For those who are interested in a better version of Karlo trained on more large-scale high-quality datasets, please visit the landing page of our application B^DISCOVER.

BibTex

If you find this repository useful in your research, please cite:

@misc{kakaobrain2022karlo-v1-alpha,
  title         = {Karlo-v1.0.alpha on COYO-100M and CC15M},
  author        = {Donghoon Lee, Jiseob Kim, Jisu Choi, Jongmin Kim, Minwoo Byeon, Woonhyuk Baek and Saehoon Kim},
  year          = {2022},
  howpublished  = {\url{https://github.com/kakaobrain/karlo}},
}