TableGPT2-7B

Model details

We developed and released TableGPT2-7B, a large-scale decoder specifically tailored for data-intensive tasks, with a focus on interpreting and analyzing tabular data. TableGPT2-7B is designed to bridge the gap between conventional LLM capabilities and the real-world demands of tabular/structured data tasks, such as those in business intelligence (BI), automated data-driven analysis, and application tasks tightly involving databases or data warehouses.

Model Developers

Zhejiang University

Variations

TableGPT2 is available in two configurations—7B and 72B parameters—both derived from the Qwen2.5 model family and optimized for handling structured data in tabular formats. Currently, we have released the 7B version to the public.

Input

TableGPT2-7B accepts both text and tabular data as input.

Output

TableGPT2-7B produces text-based outputs, specifically optimized for coding tasks, data interpretation, and BI-focused question answering.

Language

Our model places a strong emphasis on Chinese corpora, and currently, queries in other languages may have limited support.

Other Requirements

We highly recommend exploring our repository on GitHub, where users can integrate this model into our agent workflow for enhanced performance.

Model Architecture

TableGPT2-7B is built upon the Qwen2.5 architecture and includes specialized encoding for tabular data. It features a unique semantic encoder designed to interpret tabular data, capturing insights from rows, columns, and entire tables. Continual Pretraining (CPT) and Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) have been applied to equip the model for real-world BI applications and complex query processing.

For now, the standalone decoder is open-sourced and fully functional without having to require assistance from the encoder. The encoder is currently under preparation, pending engineering considerations, primarily because we hope to provide a tighter integration with DeepSpeed and vLLM.

	Training Data	Params	Context Length	Tokens	Tables
TableGPT2-7B	Multimodal data sources and BI-specific examples	7B	128K	86B tokens CPT, 2.36M SFT samples	593.8K tables

Status

This model is static, trained on an offline dataset. Future versions may be released to enhance its performance on specialized tasks.

License

The TableGPT2-7B license permits both research and commercial use, with further details available in the GitHub repository.

Research Paper

TableGPT2-7B is introduced and validated in the paper "TableGPT2: A Large Multimodal Model with Tabular Data Integration" available on arXiv.

Where to send questions or comments about the model

Inquiries and feedback are welcome at [email protected].

Training Data

Overview

Training for TableGPT2-7B involved more than 593,800 curated tables, over 86 billion tokens for continual pretraining (CPT) and the construction of over 2.36 million high-quality query-table-output tuples for supervised fine-tuning. This extensive dataset aims to meet the rigorous demands of modern applications involving structured or tabular data.

Data Freshness

The training data has a cutoff of October 2024.

Evaluation Results

Evaluation has shown that TableGPT2-7B performs consistently well across benchmarks for tabular comprehension, code generation, and structured data reasoning, achieving a 35.20% performance increase over comparable models on standard benchmarks and 49.32% on BI-focused assessments. The RealTabBench benchmark further demonstrated the model’s robustness in handling unconventional tables and complex queries. Below, we present the results on public table-related benchmarks.

Benchmark	Metric	GPT-4o	TableLLM (Qwen2)	TableLLM (CodeQwen)	TableLLM (LLaMA3)	TableLLM (LLaMA3.1)	TableLLM (DeepSeek)	TableLLM-13B	DeepSeek-lite	Yi-Coder	Qwen2.5-Coder	Qwen2.5-Instruct	\ours{}-7B	\ours{}-72B
Table Understanding
Col Type Annot.	F1	31.75	10.10	5.71	1.47	1.59	6.04	12.70	20.58	5.38	32.59	22.19	85.88	85.67
Relation Extract.	F1	52.95	1.60	3.79	2.39	2.00	3.34	18.16	8.67	2.25	31.00	15.92	83.35	79.50
Entity Linking	Acc	90.80	47.10	39.70	0.20	0.60	15.50	66.25	70.15	41.75	71.70	82.25	92.00	93.30
Row Pop.	MAP	53.40	2.20	5.14	1.93	6.23	3.13	14.25	1.20	1.00	13.23	12.30	59.97	55.83
Question Answering
HiTab	Exec Acc	48.40	11.74	0.00	0.00	0.00	39.08	6.30	0.76	0.00	1.70	10.73	70.27	75.57
FetaQA	BLEU	21.70	12.24	8.69	2.42	3.10	7.94	10.83	15.08	11.17	13.00	16.91	28.97	32.25
HybridQA	Acc	58.60	27.12	20.14	27.35	27.61	19.53	51.88	42.58	29.83	51.10	51.13	53.17	56.41
WikiSQL	Acc	47.60	46.50	37.20	39.26	39.00	36.14	41.10	38.30	25.34	46.90	47.42	53.74	57.32
WikiTQ	Acc	68.40	64.16	36.05	34.95	38.84	36.05	66.30	47.65	43.37	74.50	68.55	61.42	71.45
Fact Verification
TabFact	Acc	74.40	72.00	53.20	40.06	27.13	60.76	68.95	62.27	79.6	77.26	84.60	77.80	85.43
FEVEROUS	Acc	71.60	20.10	46.90	51.50	42.30	18.39	21.45	7.80	38.10	60.70	63.30	78.05	76.80
Table to Text
ToTTo	BLEU	12.21	6.95	3.10	5.50	6.23	3.81	5.36	8.76	2.64	10.50	11.91	14.10	22.69
Natural Language to SQL
BIRD(dev)	Exec Acc	-	9.13	7.37	1.83	2.48	0.39	0.72	25.10	24.19	27.18	18.97	31.42	38.40
BIRD(dev-knowledge)	Exec Acc	-	15.45	18.19	3.39	3.72	0.39	1.83	36.51	39.96	42.96	31.42	49.28	60.76
Spider(dev)	Exec Acc	-	42.26	32.88	12.86	18.96	2.71	4.26	66.44	58.12	70.99	61.70	76.31	79.40
Spider(test)	Exec Acc	-	40.29	34.93	12.02	16.35	7.33	2.93	66.65	56.87	69.73	60.18	74.38	78.48
Holistic Table Evaluation
TableBench	DP	-	26.62	26.44	26.71	26.73	26.15	3.88	29.60	21.94	28.67	25.18	32.03	38.90
TableBench	TCoT	-	37.08	31.33	29.79	30.01	28.65	3.85	30.93	22.8	36.25	29.77	42.34	50.06
TableBench	SCoT	-	14.11	17.78	9.60	12.38	22.39	2.88	22.61	8.43	25.95	24.35	25.01	30.47
TableBench	PoT@1	-	21.05	26.39

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