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Hoshikuzu

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KFTT

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{ "en": "This was a privilege reserved for only a select few disciples.", "ja": "法然は『選択集』の書写は、門弟の中でもごく一部の者にしか許さなかった。" }

{ "en": "At about this time, Shinran asked Honen to change his name, and was given the name \"Zenshin\".", "ja": "この頃、親鸞より法然に改名を願い出て、「善信（ぜんしん）「善」は、中国の善導大師より、「信」は源信和尚より。」の名を与えられる。" }

{ "en": "It is said that during his study under Honen, Shinran got married with either Tamahi, daughter of Kanezane KUJO, or Eshinni, daughter of the Miyoshi clan.", "ja": "法然の元で学ぶ間に九条兼実の娘・玉日、又は三善氏の娘・後の恵信尼と結婚したとする説がある。" }

{ "en": "At that time, it was common to allow exiled criminals to marry, and this interpretation is supported even today.", "ja": "当時は、配流される罪人には妻帯させるのが一般的であり、近年ではこの説が有力視されている。" }

{ "en": "In the illustrated biography of Shinran called Hongan-ji Sho'nin Denne, the painting of 'Entering Yoshimizu Temple' is followed by that of 'The Oracle at Rokkakudo', but the book of \"Eshinni shosoku\" says, 'Shinran made ceaseless visits to the master Honen for 100 days, and it was just like his seclusion at the Rokkakudo, which lasted for 100 days,....'", "ja": "本願寺聖人伝絵には、「吉水入室」の後に「六角告命」の順になっているが、『恵信尼消息』には、「法然上人にあひまゐらせて、また六角堂に百日篭らせたまひて候ひけるやうに、また百か日、降るにも照るにも、いかなるたいふ（大事）にも、まゐりてありしに、…」とある。" }

{ "en": "Besides that, some handwritten copies of the book say \"The Oracle at Rokkakudo\" and \"Entering Yoshimizu Temple\" were events that happened in 1626, but they are also considered errors in writing.", "ja": "同様に「六角告命」「吉水入室」ともに、建仁3年と記されている写本があるが、これも建仁元年の誤記と考えられる。" }

{ "en": "In February, 1207, at the protest of Kofuku-ji Temple, Honen's \"Exclusive Nenbutsu\" was suppressed, and 4 people including Junsai were executed, and 8 people including Honen and Shinran were to be banished (this incident is called Jogen no Honan).", "ja": "建永2年（1207年）2月、興福寺の訴えにより、専修念仏の停止と、遵西など4名を死罪、法然・親鸞ら8名が流罪となった（承元の法難）。" }

{ "en": "Honen was given the nonclerical name \"Motohiko FUJII\", and Shinran \"Yoshizane FUJII\".", "ja": "法然は「藤井元彦」の俗名を与えられ、親鸞は「藤井善信（ふじいよしざね）」を与えられる。" }

{ "en": "Honen was banished to Tosa Province (present Kochi Prefecture), and Shinran to Echigo Kokufu (present Niigata Prefecture).", "ja": "法然は、土佐国（現・高知県）へ、親鸞は越後国府（現・新潟県）に配流された。" }

{ "en": "Partly because the letters of his Buddhist name Zenshin were used in the secular name Yoshizane, he called himself \"Gutokusha Shinran\" (Gutokusha means a foolish bald man), borrowing the Shin from India's Tenshin Bosatsu and the Ran from Unran Daishi, and began to lead a life of \"Hiso Hizoku\" (neither monk nor layman).", "ja": "親鸞は「善信」の名を俗名に使われた事もあり、「愚禿釋親鸞（ぐとくしゃくしんらん）「親」は、インドの天親菩薩より、「鸞」は曇鸞大師より。」と名乗り、非僧非俗（ひそうひぞく）の生活を開始する。" }

{ "en": "In November, 1211 (5 years after his exile), the court issued an order to pardon Shinran and Honen.", "ja": "建暦元年（1211年）11月（流罪より5年後）、法然とともに罪を赦された。" }

{ "en": "On January 25th, 1212, Honen died in Kyoto at the age of 80.", "ja": "建暦2年（1212年）1月25日(旧暦)に、法然は京都で80歳をもって入滅。" }

{ "en": "In 1214 (three years after the pardon), Shinran left Echigo with his family and some disciples such as Shoshin to preach his teachings to the people in the Kanto region, and they made their way from the Zenko-ji Temple in Shinano Province, through Sanuki no sho in Kozuke Province to Hitachi (present northeast area of Ibaraki Prefecture).", "ja": "建保2年（1214年）（流罪を赦免より3年後）、関東での布教活動の為、家族や性信（しょうしん）などの門弟と共に越後を出発し、信濃国の善光寺から上野国佐貫庄を経て、常陸（茨城県北東部）に向かう。" }

{ "en": "In 1216, Shinran began to build thatched huts such as \"Oyama no soan\" (located in present Shirosatomachi, Ibaraki Prefecture), \"Kojima no soan\" (located in present Ojima, Shimotsuma-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture) and \"Inada no soan\" in Inada no go (present Inada, Kasama-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture).", "ja": "建保4年（1216年）に、「大山の草庵」（茨城県城里町）を開くのを皮切りに、「小島の草庵」（茨城県下妻市小島）を開き、稲田郷（茨城県笠間市稲田）に「西念寺(笠間市)「稲田の草庵」を由緒とする寺院はいくつかあり、西念寺の他に、浄興寺（現在は、新潟県上越市に移転）などがある。" }

{ "en": "It is also said that Shinran spent 4 years on writing a rough draft of his main work \"Kenjodo shinjitsu kyogyo shomonrui\" (Kyogyo shinsho) at his thatched hut in Inada.", "ja": "また、主著である『顕浄土真実教行証文類』（教行信証）は、稲田の草庵にて4年の歳月をかけ、草稿本を撰述したとされる。" }

{ "en": "According to the Sainen-ji Temple's story, Shinran's wife Eshinni didn't accompany him to Kyoto and remained in \"Inada no soan\" until her death.", "ja": "西念寺の寺伝によると、妻の恵信尼は、京には同行せず「稲田の草庵」に残ったとされ、文永9年（1272年）に、ここで没したとされる。" }

{ "en": "Shinran's 24 leading disciples in the Kanto region came to be called \"Kanto twenty-four followers of Shinran\" in later days.", "ja": "この関東布教時代の高弟は、後に「関東二十四輩」と呼ばれるようになる。" }

{ "en": "The number of the temples founded by the Kanto followers are now 43, and they survive to this day being called \"Temples founded by twenty-four followers of Shinran\".", "ja": "それらの寺院は、現在43ヶ寺あり「二十四輩寺院」と呼ばれ存続している。" }

{ "en": "After Shinran left Hitachi Province, various heresies and misinterpretations of his teachings to arose.", "ja": "親鸞が帰京した後の東国（関東）では、様々な異義異端が取り沙汰される様になる。" }

{ "en": "Around 1247, when Shinran was about 75, he completed his work \"Kyogyo shinsho\", which Shinran had been revising and supplementing for a long time, and he allowed his disciple Sonren to copy his book.", "ja": "寛元5年（1247年）75歳の頃には、補足･改訂を続けてきた『教行信証』を完成したとされ、尊蓮に書写を許す。" }

{ "en": "In 1250, he completed \"Yuishinsho mon'i\" (preserved in the Morioka Honsei-ji Temple).", "ja": "建長2年（1250年）、『唯信鈔文意』（盛岡本誓寺蔵本）を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "In 1251, Shinran sent a letter to pacify a dispute called \"Unen-munen no jo,\" which happened in Hitachi Province.", "ja": "建長3年（1251年）、常陸の「有念無念の諍」を書状を送って制止する。" }

{ "en": "In 1252, he completed \"Jodo monruijusho\".", "ja": "建長4年（1252年）、『浄土文類聚鈔』（じょうどもんるいじゅしょう）を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "Around 1253, Shinran sent his son Zenran and his grandson Nyoshin to the Kanto region in order to spread an authentic doctrine to people.", "ja": "建長5年（1253年）頃、善鸞（親鸞の息子）とその息子如信（親鸞の孫）を正統な宗義布教の為に東国（関東）へ派遣した。" }

{ "en": "However, Zenran devoted himself to the wrong doctrine called \"Senju kenzen\", and he preached the heresy even to the people who had understood Shinran's teachings properly, causing a turmoil.", "ja": "しかし善鸞は、邪義である「専修賢善」（せんじゅけんぜん）に傾いたともいわれ、正しい念仏者にも異義異端を説き、混乱させた。" }

{ "en": "Nyoshin kept preaching Shinran's teachings to the people at Oami, Mutsu Province, and gained a large number of disciples called \"Oami monto\".", "ja": "如信は、陸奥国の大網にて布教を続け、「大網門徒」と呼ばれる大規模な門徒集団を築く。" }

{ "en": "In 1254, it is said that Eshinni asked her youngest daughter Kakushinni to take care of Shinran, and she left for her hometown Echigo.", "ja": "建長6年（1254年）、恵信尼は、親鸞の身の回りの世話を末娘の覚信尼に任せ、故郷の越後に帰ったと伝えられる。" }

{ "en": "The reason she returned home was to take care of her relatives and the lands of the Miyoshi family to which she was born.", "ja": "帰郷の理由は、親族の世話や生家である三善家の土地の管理などであったとされる。" }

{ "en": "In 1255, he completed \"Songo shinzo meimon\" (an abstract/ preserved in the Houn-ji Temple in Fukui Prefecture), \"Jodo sangyo ojo monrui\" (an abstract/ Kencho version), \"Gutokusho\" (2 vols.) and \"Kotaishi Shotoku hosan\" (75 poems).", "ja": "建長7年（1255年）、『尊号真像銘文』（略本・福井県・法雲寺本）、『浄土三経往生文類』（略本・建長本）、『愚禿鈔』（二巻鈔）、『皇太子聖徳奉讃』（七十五首）『正像末和讃』（「皇太子聖徳奉讃〈十一首〉」）に収録されている物とは、別の和讃集。を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "In 1256, he completed \"Nyushutsu nimonge\" (hymns on the two gates, entrance and exit) (preserved in the Houn-ji Temple in Fukui Prefecture).", "ja": "建長8年（1256年）、『入出二門偈』（福井県・法雲寺本）を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "Shinran declared that he would disown his son Zenran in his letter dated May 29th of that year, because Zenran preached heresy to the people in the Kanto region.", "ja": "同年5月29日付の手紙で、東国（関東）にて異義異端を説いた善鸞を義絶する。" }

{ "en": "It is thought that the visit to the Kanto followers mentioned in the second chapter of the \"Tannisho\" took place around this time.", "ja": "『歎異抄』第二条に想起される関東衆の訪問は、これに前後すると思われる。" }

{ "en": "In 1256, Shinran completed \"Nyorai nishu ekomon\" (Osoeko Gensoeko monrui).", "ja": "康元元年（1256年）、『如来二種回向文』（往相回向還相回向文類）を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "In 1257, he completed \"Ichinen tanen mon'i (means notes on one-thought and many-thoughts)\" and \"Dainihonkoku zokusan'o shotoku taishi hosan\", and made a copy of \"Jodo sangyo ojomonrui\" (longer version/Kogen version).", "ja": "康元2年（1257年）、『一念多念文意』、『大日本国粟散王聖徳太子奉讃』を撰述し、『浄土三経往生文類』（広本・康元本）を転写する。" }

{ "en": "In 1258, he completed \"Songo shinzo meimon\" (longer version) and \"Shozomatsu wasan\".", "ja": "正嘉2年（1258年）、『尊号真像銘文』（広本）、『正像末和讃』を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "The letters written by Shinran around this time were later compiled into the books of \"Mattosho\" (compiled by Jukaku) and \"Shinran Sho'nin goshosokushu\" (compiled by Zensho).", "ja": "この頃の書簡は、後に『末燈抄』（編纂従覚）、『親鸞聖人御消息集』（編纂善性）などに編纂される。" }

{ "en": "There are various explanations as to the place of his death, \"Zenpo-in (Zenpo-bo) at Oshikoji Minami/Madenokoji Higashi.\"", "ja": "入滅の地である、「押小路南・万里小路東の善法院〈善法坊〉」には諸説ある。" }

{ "en": "The Hongan-ji sect said that \"Zenpo-bo\" was at the west side of Madenokoji, and restored Zenpo-in (present-day Hongan-ji Sect Kadonobo Annex).", "ja": "本願寺派は、「善法坊」の場所を西の万里小路とし、善法院を再興する（現、本願寺派角坊別院）。" }

{ "en": "The Otani Sect supposed the location of \"Zenpo-in\" to be at the ruins of Hosen-ji Temple, built in a place that had come to be called \"Shinrangahara\" (present-day Kyoto Municipal Kyoto Oike Middle School - Toraishi-cho), and erected a stone monument with the words \"The Place Where Kenshin Daishi Passed On.\"", "ja": "大谷派は、「善法院」の場所を「親鸞ヶ原」と呼ばれるようになった地に建立された法泉寺の跡地（現、京都市立京都御池中学校〈虎石町〉）付近と推定して、「見真大師遷化之旧跡」の石碑を建立する。" }

{ "en": "(Some also say that he passed on at Koen-ji Temple (Kyoto City Shimogyo Ward) and his body was moved to Zenpo-in for some reason.)", "ja": "〔また、光円寺（京都市下京区）で入滅され、何等かの理由により善法院に御遺体を移されたとする説もある。〕" }

{ "en": "At his death, Shinran's younger brother Jin'u and his youngest daughter Kakushinni, among others, were with him.", "ja": "臨終は、親鸞の弟の尋有僧都（じんうそうず）や末娘の覚信尼らが見取った。" }

{ "en": "The ritual called \"Ho-onko\" for expressing the feeling of gratitude to Shinran takes place on the date of his death annually.", "ja": "現在でも親鸞への報恩感謝の為、祥月命日には「報恩講」と呼ばれる法要が営まれている。" }

{ "en": "According to the book of \"Godensho\" written by the 3rd caretaker of Hongan-ji Temple Kakunyo, 'his cremation was held at Ennin-ji Temple, south of Toribeno.'", "ja": "火葬の地は、親鸞の曾孫で本願寺三世の覚如の『御伝鈔』に「鳥部野（とりべの）の南の辺、延仁寺に葬したてまつる」と記されている。" }

{ "en": "The Hongan-ji sect says that he was cremated around the south side of Mt. Toribe (present-day Otani Honbyo/Nishi Otani Ondabisho).", "ja": "本願寺派は、鳥辺山南辺（現在の大谷本廟〈西大谷〉の「御荼毘所」）にて荼毘に付されたとする。" }

{ "en": "The Otani sect says that he was cremated at Enni-ji Temple (Imakumano, Kyoto City Higashi Ward).", "ja": "大谷派は、延仁寺（京都市東山区今熊野）にて荼毘に付されたとしている。" }

{ "en": "Some belongings left by Shinran and a part of his skull were carried to the Kanto region by disciples such as Zensho, and placed into the \"Inada no soan\" in which Shinran lived while preaching in the Kanto region.", "ja": "頂骨と遺品の多くは弟子の善性らによって東国（関東）に運ばれ、東国布教の聖地である「稲田の草庵」に納められたとも伝えられる。" }

{ "en": "In 1272 (10 years after Shinran's death), with the help of Shinran's followers, Kakushinni moved the tomb of Shinran at \"Otani\" to the north of Yoshimizu (near the present Sotai-in (Chion-in Tacchu)) and constructed a hall called \"Otani byodo.\"", "ja": "文久9年（1272年）（親鸞入滅より10年後）、親鸞の弟子たちの協力を得た覚信尼により、「大谷」の地より吉水の北辺（現、崇泰院（そうたいいん）〔知恩院塔頭〕付近）に改葬し「大谷廟堂」を建立する。" }

{ "en": "(In 1295, Shinran's image was enshrined in the hall, which came to be called \"Otani eido\".)", "ja": "（永仁3年（1295年）親鸞の御影像を安置し、「大谷影堂」となる。）" }

{ "en": "(In 1312, he posted the name \"Senju-ji,\" but the people of Enryaku-ji Temple opposed it and the name was taken down.)", "ja": "（応長2年〈1312年〉に、「専修寺」と額を掲げるが、叡山の反対により撤去する。）" }

{ "en": "Hongan-ji Temple survived until 1465 (the time of the 8th caretaker, Rennyo), when it was destroyed by the congregation from the Saito area of Enryaku-ji Temple (the incident is called Kansho no Honan).", "ja": "寛正6年（1465年）に、延暦寺西塔の衆徒により破却される（寛正の法難）まで、本願寺はこの地にあった（本願寺八世蓮如が宗主の時代）。" }

{ "en": "A poem called 'Shoshin Nenbutsuge' is in the last part of the volume named 'Gyokan' of \"Kyogyo shinsho\", and the poem consists of 120 lines (7 letters in each line).", "ja": "「正信念仏偈」は、『教行信証』の「行巻」の末尾にある、七言百二十句からなる偈文。" }

{ "en": "Jodo Shu is one of the denominations of Buddhism in Japan, which was founded by Honen Shonin and the teaching and practice of which is Jodo Kyo Senju-nenbutsu (Exclusive Nenbutsu).", "ja": "浄土宗（じょうどしゅう）は、法然上人が開祖である、浄土教専修念仏を宗旨とする日本の仏教宗派の一つ。" }

{ "en": "But after four years, his teacher monk Kangaku Shonin said to Seishimaru 'I have nothing to teach you any more. How about going to study at Mt. Hiei?', so he went to Mt. Hiei in 1145, when he was only 13 years old.", "ja": "しかし、4年の歳月が過ぎ師僧の観覚上人から「お前に教える事はもう何もない、比叡山に行ってはどうか」と言われ、勢至丸は比叡山へわずか13歳（1145年）で行く事となる。" }

{ "en": "In 1150 (18 years old), Seishimaru moved to Bessho of Seiryu-ji Temple (in Sakamoto, Otsu city), was taught by Jigenbo Eiku Shonin, named Honen-bo Genku (used one Kanji character each from Genko and Eiko).", "ja": "勢至丸・18歳（1150年）の時、青龍寺(大津市坂本)の別所に移り慈眼房叡空上人に師事して法然房源空（源光・叡空より一字ずつ名を貰った）と名のる。" }

{ "en": "In 1175, when he was 43, Honen realized the truth of Senju-nenbutsu by Kanmuryojukyosho (Kangyosho, Commentary on the Meditation Sutra), written by Zendo Daishi, so he left Mt. Hiei for Higashiyama Yoshimizu and began to spread the teaching of the nenbutsu.", "ja": "承安(日本)5年（1175年）43歳の時、善導大師の観無量寿経疏（観経疏）によって専修念仏に進み、比叡山を下りて東山吉水に住み、念仏の教えを弘めた。" }

{ "en": "The way of Ojo (birth in the Pure Land) is to continue to recite the name of Mida (Amida) intently whenever and wherever, regardless of length of time.", "ja": "一心に専ら弥陀の名を称えいつでも何処でも時間の短い長いに関係なく常にこれを念頭に置き継続する事が往生への道である。" }

{ "en": "It is said the nenbustu of Jodo Shu began with the selection of these words, Mida Butsu.", "ja": "弥陀佛の選択(仏教)によって、浄土宗における念仏はここから始まったと言っても良い、。" }

{ "en": "\"Senchaku Hongan nenbutsu Shu\" (Passages on the Selection of the nenbutsu in the Original Vow) is the main sacred book, which is a compilation of dogma.", "ja": "『選択本願念仏集』が浄土宗の根本聖典となっており、教義の集大成となっている。" }

{ "en": "When Honen founded Jodo Shu, he was criticized by old temples such as Tendai denomination and Kofuku-ji temple of Nara, and exiled to Sanuki province (Jogen persecution), but he propagated Jodo Shu there as well.", "ja": "また、浄土宗の立教と共に旧来の仏教である天台宗や奈良の興福寺から批判の声が上がり、承元元年（1207年）、法然は讃岐国へ流罪にさせられる（承元の法難）が、その地においても布教をした。" }

{ "en": "After that he was pardoned but forbidden to enter Kyoto, so he continued to propagation based at Katsuo-ji Temple in Settsu Province.", "ja": "その後、法然は赦免されたものの、京都への入京を禁じられたために、摂津国勝尾寺を拠点に布教を続けた。" }

{ "en": "Honen was allowed to come back to Kyoto in 1211(Kenreki 1), but passed away at the age of 80 next year.", "ja": "法然は建暦元年（1211年）に京都への復帰を許されたものの、翌年に80歳の生涯を閉じている。" }

{ "en": "After Honen passed away, Shinku, an elder disciple, succeeded the Jodo Shu denomination, but there were subtle differences in the interpretation of the dogma of Honen between disciples such as Shoku, Bencho, Kosai, Chosai, Ryukan and Shinran.", "ja": "法然の没後、長老の信空(浄土宗)が後継となったものの、証空・弁長・幸西・長西・隆寛・親鸞ら門人の間で法然の教義に対する解釈で微妙な違いが生じていた。" }

{ "en": "In 1227, Senju-nenbutsu was forbidden again, and Jodo Shu was damaged heavily and moved toward separation (Karoku persecution).", "ja": "嘉禄3年（1227年）、再び専修念仏の停止が命ぜられて、浄土門では大きな被害を蒙り、以後、法然教団の分派が加速することとなった（嘉禄の法難）。" }

{ "en": "The reason for this persecution was that nenbutsu priests were suspected of robbery when the treasure of Hossho-ji Temple was stolen.", "ja": "事の発端には、法性寺の寺宝が盗まれた際に、念仏者が盗賊団の一味として疑われたことがある。" }

{ "en": "In addition, monks of Enryaku-ji Temple attacked nenbutsu priests, \"Senchaku Hongan nenbutsu Shu (Passages on the Selection of the nenbutsu in the Original Vow)\" was banned, and Honen's mausoleum at Higashiyama Otani (Kyoto) was destroyed.", "ja": "また、延暦寺の僧徒たちが念仏者を襲撃したりし、『選択本願念仏集』は禁書扱いを受け、東山(京都府)大谷の法然墓堂も破壊された。" }

{ "en": "Honen's body was accepted by Raigo Enku of Uzumasa Koryu-ji Temple and cremated at Ao'no in Nishiyama.", "ja": "法然の遺骸は、太秦広隆寺の来迎房円空に託され、1228年（安貞2年）に西山の粟生野で荼毘に付された。" }

{ "en": "That is the four sects that were the mainstream of Jodo Shu after Shinku's death, Seizan-gi of Shoku, Chinzei-gi of Bencho who was patronized by the Kusano clan in Kyushu, Chorakuji-gi of Ryukan who spread Tanen-gi in Eastern area after exile there, Kuhonji-gi of Chosei who taught Shogyohongan-gi against Shoku in Kyoto.", "ja": "すなわち、信空の没後、京都の浄土宗の主流となった証空の西山義、九州の草野氏の庇護を受けた弁長の鎮西義、東国への流刑を機に却って同地で多念義を広めた隆寛の長楽寺義、京都で証空に対抗して所業本願義を説いた長西の九品寺義の4派を指す。" }

{ "en": "These four sects do not include Shinran's sect, one of the strongest sects at that time, which became independent as Jodo Shinshu after he died. Other independent sects were founded left and right by other priests such as Tanku of Nison-in Temple in Saga (Kyoto), Genchi who revived Chion-in Temple and Kosei who introduced Ichinen-gi.", "ja": "もっとも当時の有力な集団の1つであった親鸞の教団はその没後に浄土真宗として事実上独立することとなりこの4流には含まれておらず、他にも嵯峨(京都市)二尊院の湛空や知恩院を再興した源智、一念義を唱えた幸西など4流に加わらずに独自の教団を構成した集団が乱立した。" }

{ "en": "But only Seizan-gi and Chinzei-gi remained through the Middle ages, other than Jodo Shinshu, and they were called Seizan School and Chinzei School.", "ja": "だが、中世を通じて残ったのは浄土真宗を別にすると西山義と鎮西義の2つであり、この両義の教団を「西山派」「鎮西派」と称することとなる。" }

{ "en": "On the other hand, the Kamakura Shogunate oppressed Jodo Shu to stop nenbutsu in Kamakura, but Seizan-ha was welcomed by Hojo clan later and built a base in Bengayatasu of Kamakura.", "ja": "一方、鎌倉においても鎌倉幕府によって念仏停止などの弾圧が行われたが、後には西山派は北条氏一族の中にも受け入れられて鎌倉弁ヶ谷に拠点を築いた。" }

{ "en": "Moreover, Ryochu, who was a disciple of Bencho, founder of Chinzei-ha, had established his influence in Kanto area based on Goshin-ji Temple (present Komyo-ji Temple in Kamakura city).", "ja": "一方、鎮西派を開いた弁長の弟子であった良忠も鎌倉の悟真寺（現在の光明寺_(鎌倉市)）を中心とした関東各地に勢力を伸ばしていった。" }

{ "en": "Gokuraku-ji Temple in Kamakura (Kamakura city) was said to have been a Jodo Shu Temple before becoming a Shingon-risshu temple, and Kotoku-in (Kamakura Daibutsu) is a representative Jodo Shu temple in Kamakura (it is said that it was in the Edo period that it officially became a Jodo Shu Temple, there are various opinions about the early period.", "ja": "鎌倉にある極楽寺_(鎌倉市)は真言律宗になる前は浄土宗寺院であったとも言われ、高徳院（鎌倉大仏）も同地における代表的な浄土宗寺院である（ただし、公式に浄土宗寺院になったのは江戸時代とも言われ、その初期については諸説がある）。" }

{ "en": "But Jodo Shu fell into an era of separation; Nishiyama-ha separated to Nishitani-ryu, Fukakusa-ryu, Higashiyama-ryu and Saga-ryu after Shoku died, and Chinzei-ha separated into Shirohata-ha, Nagoe-ha, Fujita-ha, Ichijo-ha, Kobata-ha and Sanjo-ha after Yoshitada died.", "ja": "だが、西山派は証空の死後、西谷流・深草流・東山流・嵯峨流に分裂し、鎮西派も良忠の死後に白旗派・名越派・藤田派・一条派・木幡派・三条派に分裂するなど、浄土宗は更なる分裂の時代を迎える事になる。" }

{ "en": "From the Nanbokucho period to the Muromachi period Shokan and Ryoei of Fujita-ha and Shogei and Shoso of Shirohata-ha appeared within Chinzei-ha and founded new sects, overcoming Seizan-ha and other sects of Chinzei-ha.", "ja": "その後南北朝時代(日本)から室町時代にかけて、鎮西派の中でも藤田派の聖観・良栄、白旗派の聖冏・聖聡が現れて宗派を興隆して西山派及び鎮西派の他の流派を圧倒した。" }

{ "en": "Especially, Seido insisted on the rule of Goju-soden (Fivefold Transmission) because Jodo Shu has a succession of dogma and genealogy, and tried to integrate various sects by organization of genealogy and dogma.", "ja": "特に聖冏は浄土宗に宗脈・戒脈の相承があるとして「五重相伝」の法を唱え、血脈・教義の組織化を図って宗門を統一しようとした。" }

{ "en": "Shoso built Zojo-ji Temple and his disciple, Gutei, built Daiju-ji Temple at the request of Chikatada MATSUDAIRA.", "ja": "聖聡は増上寺を創建し、その孫弟子にあたる愚底は松平親忠に乞われて大樹寺を創建した。" }

{ "en": "Chion-in, which was revived by Shirohata-ha after the Onin War, was admitted as the head temple of Jodo Shu by Emperor Ogimachi in 1575 and given authority to grant or deny vestments to Jodo Shu monks in Japan ('Kiharinji').", "ja": "応仁の乱後、白旗派の手によって再興された知恩院は天正3年（1575年）に正親町天皇より浄土宗本寺としての承認を受け、諸国の浄土宗僧侶への香衣付与・剥奪の権限を与えられた（「毀破綸旨」）。" }

{ "en": "In addition, after the foundation of the Edo Shogunate by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was a descendant of Chikatada MATSUDAIRA, Jodo Shu was protected heavily.", "ja": "更に松平親忠の末裔である徳川家康が江戸幕府を開いた事によって浄土宗は手厚い保護を受けることになる。" }

{ "en": "In 1615 Jodoshu hatto was established as one of the rules of Jiin shohatto, in which Chion-in was recognized as the head temple, and Zojo-ji Temple was given the name of Daihonzan and Sorokusho (a government office of religion) was founded there although it had a lower position than Chion-in.", "ja": "元和(日本)元年（1615年）に寺院諸法度の一環として浄土宗法度が制定され、知恩院が門跡寺院・第一位の本山とされ、増上寺はこれより下位に置かれたものの、「大本山」の称号と宗務行政官庁である「総録所」が設置された。" }

{ "en": "At this time the Edo government established Jodo Seizan-ha hatto for Seizan-ha independently.", "ja": "なお、この際西山派に対しては別個に「浄土西山派法度」を出されている。" }

{ "en": "By these rules Jodo Shu was protected by Tokugawa Shogunate, in other words, Shogunate and domain system.", "ja": "だが、これによって浄土宗は徳川将軍家、ひいては幕藩体制の保護を受けることとなる。" }

{ "en": "After the chaos of Haibutsu kishaku, Tetsujo UGAI and Gyokai FUKUDA tackled modernization of Jodo Shu. Integration of Chinzei-ha by the Shirohata-ha that unified Nagoshi-ha and others led to the prototype of present Jodo Shu.", "ja": "廃仏毀釈の混乱の中から養鸕徹定・福田行誡らによって近代化が図られて白旗派が名越派などを統合する形で鎮西派が統一されて現在の浄土宗の原型が成立する。" }

{ "en": "After World War, Kurodani Jodoshu, based in Konkaikonmyo-ji Temple, and Honpa Jodoshu (Jodoshu Honpa), based in Chion-in, became independent, but in 1961, when a memorial ceremony for the 750th anniversary of Honen's death was held, Jodoshu Honpa returned and Kurodani Jodoshu also returned 16 years later.", "ja": "第2次世界大戦後は金戒光明寺を中心とした黒谷浄土宗、知恩院を中心とする本派浄土宗（浄土宗本派）が分立するが、昭和36年（1961年）の法然750年忌を機に浄土宗本派が復帰、16年後に黒谷浄土宗も復帰した。" }

{ "en": "The representative director of Jodo Shu as a present religious corporation is called 'Shumu Socho' and responsible director is called 'Naikyoku'.", "ja": "現在の宗教法人としての「浄土宗」の代表役員は宗務総長、責任役員は内局と呼ばれている。" }

{ "en": "On the other hand, Seizan-ha has been separated into Seizan Jodoshu, Seizan Zenrinji-ha and Seizan Fukakusa-ha.", "ja": "一方、西山派は現在も浄土宗とは別個に西山浄土宗・西山禅林寺派・西山深草派の3派が並立した状態が続いている。" }

{ "en": "Jodoshu Shasei-ha, which was separated in the reform movement in Edo period, also has remained.", "ja": "また、江戸時代の改革運動の際に分裂した浄土宗捨世派の勢力も存在する。" }

{ "en": "Note: the following is Seizan-ha (Seizan Jodo Shu, Jodo Shu Seizan Zenrin-ji Temple ha, Jodo Shu Seizan Fukakusa ha)", "ja": "注）下記一名は西山派（西山浄土宗、浄土宗西山禅林寺派、浄土宗西山深草派）。" }

{ "en": "http//park16.wakwak.com/~komyo-ji/", "ja": "http//park16.wakwak.com/~komyo-ji/" }

{ "en": "Tokai Gakuen University (Nagoya city, Miyoshi cho) - Part of Tokai Gakuen/Tokai Junior & Senior High School", "ja": "東海学園大学（名古屋市・三好町）-学校法人東海学園/東海中学校・高等学校を母体とする" }

{ "en": "The Shingon sect is a Buddhist sect of Japan that was founded by Kukai (Kobo Daishi) in the early ninth century.", "ja": "真言宗（しんごんしゅう）は、空海（弘法大師）によって9世紀初頭に開かれた、日本の仏教の宗派。" }

{ "en": "It is also called the Shingon Darani sect, Mandala sect or Himitsu sect.", "ja": "真言陀羅尼宗（しんごんだらにしゅう）、曼荼羅宗（まんだらしゅう）、秘密宗（ひみつしゅう）とも称する。" }

{ "en": "It is based on Mikkyo, or esoteric Buddhism, which Kukai learned from Eka (Keika), at Shoryu-ji Temple (Qinglongsi Temple) in Choan, (Changan) (Xian City) during the Tang dynasty.", "ja": "空海が中国（唐時代）の長安に渡り、青龍寺(西安市)で恵果から学んだ密教を基盤としている。" }

{ "en": "Meanwhile, the Tendai sect in Japan, which was founded by Saicho at about the same time, learned the Hoke-kyo Sutra, Mikkyo, commandment and Zen simultaneously.", "ja": "同時期に最澄によって開かれた日本の天台宗が法華経学、密教、戒律、禅を兼修するのに対し、" }

{ "en": "In his works 'Himitsu Mandala Jujushinron' and 'Hizohoyaku,' Kukai expressed appreciation for another Buddhist sect, Dharma, which was at that time established to some extent, and built that thinking into a rating system of 1 to 10 by placing the Shingon sect above the Dharma.", "ja": "空海は著作「秘密曼荼羅十住心論」（ひみつまんだらじゅうじゅうしんろん）、「秘蔵宝鑰」（ひぞうほうやく）で、空海が執筆していた当時に伝来していた仏教各派の教学に一応の評価を与えつつ、真言宗を最上位に置くことによって十段階の思想体系の中に組み込んだ。" }

{ "en": "Finally, he preached that Mikkyo (Shingon Mikkyo) was superior to esoteric Buddhism and that the thinking and sutras of esoteric Buddhism were included to Shingon Mikkyo.", "ja": "最終的には顕教と比べて、密教（真言密教）の優位性、顕教の思想・経典も真言密教に摂包されることを説いた。" }

{ "en": "Kukai founded Koyasan Kongobu-ji Temple in 816 as a dojo for Zen training, and established a sect having the Kyoogokoku-ji Temple (To-ji Temple), which was given by the Imperial Court in 823, as a fundamental dojo of the Shingon sect.", "ja": "空海は、816年（弘仁7年）に高野山金剛峯寺を修禅の道場として開創し、弘仁14年（823年）に勅賜された教王護国寺（東寺）を真言宗の根本道場として宗団を確立した。" }

{ "en": "To-ji Temple was put in charge by Jitsue, Kongobu-ji Temple by Shinzen, Jingo-ji Temple by Shinzei, Ansho-ji Temple (Kyoto City) by Eun, Ninna-ji Temple was founded by Kanpyo Hoo (an abdicated emperor who had joined a Buddhist order); (寛平法皇) (Emperor Uda) by Shobo, Enjo-ji Temple by Yakushin and so on.", "ja": "東寺は実慧、金剛峯寺は真然、神護寺は真済、安祥寺(京都市)を恵運、寛平法皇（宇多天皇）が開基した仁和寺、醍醐寺は聖宝、円成寺は益信などがあった。" }

{ "en": "These temples were permitted to be state-sanctioned schools of monks (Nenbundosha) (年分度者), and therefore tended to be independent.", "ja": "これらの寺院に年分度者（ねんぶんどしゃ）（国家公認の僧侶の養成）を許可され、それぞれの寺院が独立した傾向を持っていった。" }

{ "en": "Kangen became Toji-Choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple) and at the same time Kongobu-ji Temple's head priest, and established the Honmatsu system in which To-ji Temple was the head temple and Kongobu-ji Temple was the sub-temple.", "ja": "観賢が東寺長者・金剛峯寺座主を兼ね、東寺を本寺とし、金剛峯寺を末寺とする本末制度を確立した。" }

{ "en": "After a defeat in the conflict of Honmatsu, Kongobu-ji Temple was damaged in a fire due to lightning and lost its halls.", "ja": "金剛峯寺は、この本末争いに負けた後、落雷により伽藍・諸堂を焼失した。" }