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我们分析了雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌（n=11）和非乳腺癌（n=17）的绝经前女性乳房皮下脂肪组织中雌激素浓度和雌激素调节酶的基因表达。 | We analyzed estrogen concentrations and gene expression of estrogen-regulating enzymes in breast subcutaneous adipose tissue in premenopausal women with (n = 11) and without (n = 17) estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. |
雌酮（E1）是绝经前乳腺脂肪组织中主要的雌激素, 脂肪组织中E1和CYP19A1的mRNA表达与BMI呈正相关。 | Estrone (E1) was the predominant estrogen in premenopausal breast adipose tissue, and E1 and mRNA expression of CYP19A1 in adipose tissue correlated positively with BMI. |
脂肪组织中雌二醇（E2）浓度在月经周期中波动, 与血清浓度相似。 | Adipose tissue estradiol (E2) concentrations fluctuated during the menstrual cycle, similarly to the serum concentrations. |
乳腺癌女性脂肪组织中E1（1519 vs. 3244, p<.05）和E2（404 vs. 889 pmol/kg, p<.05）水平在卵泡期低于黄体期, 而在对照组女性中无显著差异。 | In women with breast cancer median adipose tissue E1 (1519 vs. 3244, p < .05) and E2 (404 vs. 889 pmol/kg, p < .05) levels were lower in the follicular than in the luteal phase whereas in control women no significant differences were observed. |
在卵泡期, HSD17B1的mRNA表达（中位数0.06；四分位数间距0.05-0.07 vs. 0.17；0.03-0.2, p=.010）和CYP19A1的mRNA表达 (0.08；0.07 - 0.14 vs. 0.22；0.09-0.54, p=.025)在乳腺癌患者中低于对照组。 | In the follicular phase, mRNA expressions of HSD17B1 (median 0.06; interquartile range 0.05-0.07 vs. 0.17; 0.03-0.2, p = .010) and CYP19A1 (0.08; 0.07-0.14 vs. 0.22; 0.09-0.54, p = .025) were lower in women with breast cancer than in controls. |
总之, 在月经周期中, 脂肪组织中E1和E2浓度的变化以及雌激素调节CYP19A1和HSD17B1的变化可能与乳腺癌女性局部雌激素代谢紊乱有关。 | In conclusion, the changes in adipose tissue E1 and E2 concentrations and the estrogen-regulating CYP19A1 and HSD17B1 during the menstrual cycle may be related to dysfunctional local estrogen metabolism in women with breast cancer. |
丙型肝炎病毒感染的治疗任重而道远。 | The elimination of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is still a long way to go. |
直接抗病毒药物（DAAs）通过靶向丙型肝炎病毒的复制过程，使彻底治愈丙型肝炎成为可能，同时治疗方案也变得规范、简单。 | Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) can make HCV completely cured by targeting various stages of its replication life cycle and meanwhile standardize and simplify the treatment. |
但专科医生在选择抗病毒方案时，仍应充分考虑那些影响药物疗效及安全性的相关因素。 | However, those relative factors may affect efficacy and safety should be considered by specialties in choosing the suitable regimens. |
近年来，基因工程技术发展迅速，许多重组蛋白得以表达。 | In recent years, gene engineering is developing rapidly and many recombinant proteins have been expressed. |
其中利用植物生物反应器表达特异药物蛋白为人类一些重要疾病的预防和治疗提供了新途径。 | The use of plant bioreactor to express specific pharmaceutical proteins provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of some important diseases in human beings. |
植物叶绿体遗传转化和表达系统成为目前植物生物反应器的研究热点。 | Nowadays, chloroplast genetic transformation and expression system has become a research hotspot in plant bioreactor. |
很多重要药用蛋白质在植物叶绿体中表达成功。 | Many important pharmaceutical proteins have been successfully expressed in plant chloroplasts. |
烟草作为高等植物叶绿体转化模式植物，在疫苗抗原、抗体等药物蛋白和其他重要重组蛋白表达方面取得显著进展。 | As a chloroplast transformation model of higher plants, tobacco has made significant progress in the expression of pharmaceutical proteins, such as vaccine antigens, antibodies, and other important recombinant proteins. |
高等植物叶绿体遗传转化也为叶绿体基因的表达和调控机制的研究提供新的技术和方法。 | Chloroplast genetic transformation in higher plants also provides new techniques and methods for the study of chloroplast gene expression and regulation mechanisms. |
文中从叶绿体遗传转化原理、载体构建、重组蛋白和重要药物蛋白在叶绿体中的表达以及重组蛋白表达对植物代谢和性状影响等多个角度，对高等植物叶绿体遗传转化体系研究的新进展进行了综述，以期为叶绿体表达平台的开发和重要药用蛋白质的表达提供新思路。 | In order to provide a new idea for the development of chloroplast expression platform and the expression of important pharmaceutical proteins, this review outlined the progress of chloroplast genetic transformation system in higher plants, including the chloroplast transformation principle, vector construction, expression of recombinant proteins and important pharmaceutical proteins, and the effects of recombinant proteins expression on plant metabolism and traits. |
研发具备多种生物学活性、体内降解与新骨生成完美适配、能完全重建生理状态下骨组织的骨修复材料是未来研究重点。 | Research and development of bone repair materials with multiple biological activities, in vivo degradation property that perfectly fit for new bone formation, and ability of complete reconstruction of bone tissue in physiological state are the focus of future research. |
目的：探讨尾状叶巨块型肝癌(直径≥10 cm)行单纯全尾状叶切除手术的可行性及疗效。 | To explore the feasibility and efficacy of isolated caudate lobe resection for caudate lobe in huge hepatocellular carcinoma(10 cm or larger in diameter). |
方法：回顾性分析2001年1月至2011年12月27例单纯全尾状叶切除的巨块型肝癌患者的临床资料。 | Methods: Clinical data of 27 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 10 cm who underwent isolated caudate lobe resection from January 2001 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. |
术后1，3，5年的总生存率分别是80.2%，52.1%，27.1%。 | Overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 80.2%, 52.1%, and 27.1%, respectively. |
结论：尾状叶巨块型肝癌行单纯全尾状叶切除安全有效。 | Conclusion: Isolated caudate lobe resection is safe and effective for caudate lobe huge hepatocellular carcinoma. |
2015年6月，笔者单位收治1例马方综合征双手蜘蛛样指伴畸形挛缩患儿。 | A Marfan syndrome child with contractural arachnodactyly deformity of both hands was admitted to our unit in June 2015. |
对该患儿的左、右手中指和环指均采用连续"Z"字瓣＋"V－Y"成形术来减轻手指掌侧皮肤牵张，松解挛缩。 | The left and right middle fingers and ring fingers of the child received the continuous " Z" skin flap and " V-Y" plasty to reduce the palmar tension on the skin and release the contracture. |
由于治疗方案选择失当，以及轻视了马方综合征的基础病变对该手术治疗的影响，术后患儿右手中指缺血坏死并截指，远期并发指端膨隆和阵发性神经源性疼痛；其余手术3指皮瓣局部坏死，瘢痕愈合。 | Due to the improper therapeutic strategy and the underestimation of effect of underlying lesions of Marfan syndrome on the therapeutic strategy, the right middle finger of child was with ischemic necrosis and amputated, and the finger tip was accompanied with distension and paroxysmal neuropathic pain at a specified future date. The skin flaps of the other three surgical fingers were with local necrosis and scar healing. |
出院后，患儿继发远侧指间关节僵硬等严重并发症。 | The child was complicated by distal interphalangeal joints stiffness and some serious complications post-discharge. |
结合本病例，类似疾病不推荐行Ⅰ期手术治疗。 | Combined with this case, the similar disorders are not recommended to carry out one-stage operation. |
Von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)综合征是一种罕见的常染色体显性遗传性疾病，胰腺是易被累及的腹部器官之一，包括胰腺单纯性囊肿、浆液性囊腺瘤及神经内分泌肿瘤等。 | Von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease, and pancreas is one of the frequently involved intra-abdominal organs, including simple pancreatic cysts, pancreatic serous cystadenomas and neuroendocrine neoplasmas. |
VHL综合征相关胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(VHL-pNEN)多无功能，但有恶变倾向，治疗措施包括定期随访、手术治疗及药物治疗等。 | Most of the VHL-related pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasmas (VHL-pNEN)were non-functional, but they still have a tendency to be malignant. Treatment options for VHL-pNEN include regular follow-up, surgical resection, and medication therapy. |
VHL-pNEN的恶性程度较散发型pNEN低，预后亦较好，应慎重选择手术治疗。 | When compared with sporadic pNEN, the malignant degree of VHL-pNEN is lower, with a better prognosis, so the surgical treatment should be carefully considered. |
手术指征包括肿瘤最大径≥3 cm、肿瘤倍增时间<500 d、VHL基因发生3号外显子突变、影像学检查疑有恶性表现、功能性pNEN病灶等。 | The indications of surgery for VHL-pNEN include big primary lesions (≥3 cm), fast tumor doubling time (<500 days), VHL gene mutation on exon 3, malignant manifestations on imaging findings, and functional pNEN lesions. |
手术方式应尽可能保留有功能的胰腺实质。 | The function-preserving approach should be performed to keep the functional pancreatic parenchyma as much as possible. |
即使无法根治切除的恶性pNEN患者，积极的内科治疗仍可能使患者获得长期生存。 | Even for patients with a late stage malignancy that cannot be radically resected, active medication therapy may still lead to a long-term survival. |
食品用纳米材料的安全性评价是保障、监管、维护人群健康的重要基础。 | The safety assessment of nanomaterials in food is essential for safeguarding supervision and maintaining public health. |
然而，中国尚未建立国家层面的纳米材料安全性评估程序，也无特定的评估程序用于食品用纳米材料的毒理学和安全性评估，因而制约了食品安全保障和监管。 | However, there are still no safety assessment procedures for nanomaterials established in national-level in China and no specific toxicology and safety assessment procedures about nanomaterials for food, too. These factors lead to restriction on food safety protection and supervision. |
现有纳米材料安全性评价方法主要借助于传统的毒理学评价方法，由高剂量向低剂量，由实验动物至人外推，这些不确定性制约了准确地评估纳米材料的安全性，也制约了科学有效的评估程序和监管措施的制定。 | Current methods of evaluating the safety of nanomaterials mainly rely on traditional toxicological assessment that are extrapolated based on animal experiment from high doses to low doses and from animals to humans. These uncertainties restrict the accuracy of safety assessment for nanomaterials and also limit the development of scientific and effective evaluation procedures and regulatory measures. |
本文综述了目前亟待解决的关键问题，包括食品用纳米材料一般情况，以及相关的暴露评估与评估方法，意图建立与21世纪毒性测试愿景和战略目标相一致的、针对食品用纳米材料的毒性测试方法。 | Currently, the key issues need to be solved including exposure assessment and evaluation methods of nanomaterials in food and the established methods of the toxicity test for nanomaterials that are consistent with the objectives of toxicity test in the 21st century vision and strategy. |
另外，本文综述了我国和若干发达国家或组织当前对食品用纳米材料的管理规定、毒性测试现状和存在的问题，以期为未来食品用纳米材料的安全性评价程序的建立提供科学依据。 | In this article, we reviewed current administrative regulatory, situations, and existing issues of food nanomaterials either in China or some developed countries in order to provide a scientific basis in establishing safety assessment procedures for nanomaterials in food in the future. |
全球一体化增加了传染病国际传播的风险，各国面对输入性传染病的预防控制压力日益增加。 | The process of globalization increases the risk of global transmission of infectious diseases, resulting in pressure for country's prevention and control of imported infectious disease. |
对输入与本地传播风险进行评估后，在输入前开展预防传入和常规防控，在输入后进行应急控制是目前主要的防控思路。 | Based on the risk assessment of disease importation and local transmission, a strategy that conducting importation prevention and routine prevention and control before the importation of disease and taking emergency control measures after the importation of disease was developed. |
参与全球统一行动，援助疫区国家，主动消除输入风险已成为重要防控策略。 | In addition, it is important to take part in global infectious disease response action, aid the countries with outbreak or epidemic to actively decrease the risk of disease importation. |
死亡时间推断相关研究在法医学领域中有着极为重要的地位和意义，一直是法医病理学实践中亟待解决的重大问题之一。 | The researches on postmortem interval （PMI） estimation are very important and meaningful in forensic science. PMI estimation is also an important issue that must be solved in practice of forensic pathology. |
传统的方法与手段存在许多缺陷，新方法的引入势在必行。 | There are many defects existing in traditional methods for PMI estimation, so it is imperative to introduce new pathways. |
随着各种新技术的涌现，关于死亡时间推断的研究有着从简单到复杂的趋势，数据量也随之不断增长。 | With the emergence of various new technologies, the researches on PMI estimation have a tendency from simple to complex with a growth of data. |
本文首先总结了既往死亡时间推断的方法，最后对基于大数据人工智能算法在法医学死亡时间推断研究中的应用进行了展望。 | The present review firstly summarizes a series of methods used for PMI estimation, and then gives an outlook for the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in this field. |
缺血性肝炎，也称为缺氧性肝炎或休克肝，是指在没有任何已知的急性肝炎病因的情况下，肝细胞出现损伤，表现为急性、短暂的转氨酶水平升高（高于正常值的20倍）。 该病的发病率为2.5%～10%，住院病死率大于50%。 | Ischemic hepatitis, also known as hypoxic hepatitis or shock liver, refers to liver cell damage without any known cause of acute hepatitis, and is characterized by transient elevation of transaminase levels (20 times higher than normal value).The incidence of the disease is about 2.5% to 10%, and the hospital mortality rate is greater than 50%. |
当前研究认为该病的危险因素较多，包括全身性低血压、低心输出量、败血症及呼吸窘迫等，但最终会表现为肝细胞功能障碍，即肝衰竭。 | Current research suggests that there are many risk factors for the disease, including systemic hypotension, low cardiac output, sepsis and respiratory distress, but eventually it will manifest as hepatocyte dysfunction. |
低血压是其高死亡率主要的原因，治疗的关键是纠正血液动力学障碍问题。 | Unfortunately, the mortality rate related with hypotension is high, and the key to treatment is to correct hemodynamic disorders. |
现就缺血性肝炎的病因、机制、临床表现等方面的研究进展作以综述。 | This article reviews the research progress in the etiology, mechanism and clinical manifestations of ischemic hepatitis. |
北京积水潭医院烧伤科与中国烧伤外科一样已走过60年的光辉历程，60年来，笔者科室从无到有、从弱到强，不断创新，在几代人的努力下，取得了一个又一个不凡的业绩。 | The Department of Burns of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital has gone through 60 years of glorious course as well as Chinese burn surgery. Over the past 60 years, our department developed from scratch, from weak to strong, with continuous innovation. Under the efforts of several generations, remarkable achievements have been made one after another. |
本文从危重烧伤救治、创面修复、电烧伤治疗、皮瓣移植、突发事件患者抢救5个方面重点介绍了笔者科室为烧伤医学所做出的贡献。 | This article mainly introduces the contribution of our department to burn medicine from five aspects as follows: critical burn treatment, wound repair, electric burn treatment, flap transplantation, and emergency rescue. |
21世紀是全球化資訊、科技、知識運用與創新發展的時代。 | The 21st century is an era of information, technology, knowledge application, innovation, and globalization. |
教育的重心不僅是傳授知識，更是跨領域、跨國際知識運用與創新的延伸。 | The purpose of education is not only to provide knowledge but also to extend knowledge across many disciplines and national and ethnic boundaries. |
教育需要引導學生擴大學習內涵的深度與廣度，進一步與國際接軌。 | Education requires teachers to guide students to expand the depth and breadth of their learning and to make global connections. |
行政院於2017年也提出技職教育白皮書，書中明確指出教育人才必須具備創新思考與實踐及跨領域整合能力。 | The Executive Yuan's 2017 white paper on vocational education stresses that people in the technical and vocational education fields must adopt innovative thinking, be innovative in practice, and be prepared to engage in interdisciplinary collaboration. |
創意思考教學更要將知識的傳遞運用Z世代年輕人喜歡的學習方式，引導學生將已學習的知識加以延伸。 | Thus, teachers should make full use of these products to connect with their students, and creative teaching should promote knowledge transfer by using learning styles that Z-generation students prefer and by guiding students to extend their learned knowledge. |
教育的競爭力也是國家競爭力的指標，提升競爭力的方式之一可以先從瞭解他人的經驗開始。 | Education quality is a key indicator of national competitiveness. One way to improve competitiveness is to begin by understanding the experience of others. |
本專欄邀請臺灣護理教師分享其創意教學與國際競賽的經驗，期許能引起讀者有不同的創新思維。 | This column invites nursing educators to share their experiences in creative teaching and international competition, with articles hopefully inspiring readers to explore and develop their own innovative thinking. |
前牙区种植成功的标准不仅仅在于保证较高的种植体存留率，还需要提供持久而稳定的美学效果。 | In the anterior tooth zone, the criteria of successful implant restoration is not only to ensure a high survival rate of implant, but also to provide long-lasting and stable aesthetic outcomes. |
尽管前牙即刻种植能获得与前牙延期种植相似的种植体存留率并且可以显著缩短治疗时间，但前牙即刻种植也容易出现牙龈退缩、龈乳头缺失、种植体平台暴露等美学并发症。 | As for the rehabilitation of anterior teeth, immediate implant placement might achieve a survival rate similar to those of delayed implant placement and significantly reduce treatment time, whereas several aesthetic complications such as gingival recession, loss of interdental papilla, exposure of implant margin could also occur. |
因此，如何有效避免或处理前牙即刻种植的美学并发症是前牙即刻种植中亟待解决的问题。 | Therefore, an important issue need to be solved is that how to avoid or handle the aesthetic complications of immediate implant placement of anterior teeth. |
本文主要针对前牙即刻种植美学并发症的临床表现、可能的发生原因及应对措施进行阐述与讨论。 | This article mainly discusses the clinical features, possible etiologies and handling methods of aesthetics complications in rehabilitation of anterior teeth using immediate implant placement. |
方法：选择中南大学湘雅二医院胸外科住院治疗的51例ESCC患者及55例健康体检者血清标本作为研究对象。 | Methods: Fifty-one patients with ESCC and 55 healthy subjects from Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unicersity were selected for this study. |
采用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction，RT-qPCR)测定血清标本miRNA-183表达水平；采用χ2检验及相关分析检测血清miRNA-183水平与ESCC临床及病理指标间的关联；采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic，ROC)曲线分析miRNA-183及其联合癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA)对ESCC的诊断效率。 | Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the level of miRNA-183 in serum samples. Chi-square test and correlation analysis were used to investigate the relationship between serum miRNA-183 level and clinical and pathological parameters of ESCC. Diagnostic efficiency of miRNA-183 and combined carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) examination for ESCC was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. |
结果：1)MiR-183在健康体检者和ESCC患者中的相对表达量为(2.03±0.96)和(4.47±1.54)，两者之间差异有统计学意义(t=9.700，P<0.01)。 | Results: 1) The levels of miR-183 in the patients with ESCC (4.47±1.54) were elevated compared with that in the healthy subjects (2.03±0.96), with significant difference (t=9.700, P<0.01). |
2)ESCC患者血清miR-183相对表达量在不同的肿瘤恶性程度分期中的差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.049；P<0.01)；在不同性别、年龄、吸烟与否、饮酒与否、肿瘤部位、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、分化程度上差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)；miR-183的相对表达量与血清CEA表达无关(P>0.05)。 | 2) The levels of serum miR-183 in ESCC patients were significantly different among patients with different TNM stages (χ2=4.049, P<0.01), which was not affected by gender, age, smoking, drinking, tumor location, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion and differentiation (all P>0.05). The levels of miR-183 were not associated with the serum CEA levels (P>0.05). |
3)采用ROC曲线分析，以miR-183相对表达量4.502为诊断ESCC的最佳临界值，灵敏度为78.9%，特异度为76.2%，ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve，AUC)为0.762，95%置信区间为0.830~0.922。 | 3) When the ROC curve analysis was used to diagnose ESCC with the optimal cutoff value of 4.502 for miR-183, the sensitivity, the specificity, the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval was 78.9%, 76.2%, 0.762 and 0.830-0.922, respectively. |
联合检测血清miR-183与CEA诊断ESCC，灵敏度为82.3%，特异性为92.6%，AUC为0.877，95%置信区间为0.814~0.935。 | When combined detection of serum miR-183 and CEA was used to diagnose ESCC, the sensitivity, specificity, AUC and 95% confidence interval was 82.3%, 92.6%, 0.877 and 0.814-0.935, respectively. |
结论：ESCC患者血清miRNA-183水平出现上调，血清miRNA-183与CEA联合测定可提高对ESCC的诊断效率。 | Conclusion: Serum miRNA-183 levels in ESCC patients may be increased, which can improve the diagnostic efficiency of ESCC when combined with CEA. |
血清miRNA-183水平与肿瘤TNM分期有关，这有助于肿瘤病情进展判断和疗效预测。 | Serum miRNA-183 levels is related with tumor TNM stage, which contributes to the judgment of tumor progression and efficacy prediction. |
目的：探讨原发性脑内淋巴瘤的磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging，MRI)特征，提高对该病的诊断及鉴别诊断能力。 | To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features for primary brain lymphoma and improve its diagnosis and differential diagnosis. |
方法：回顾性分析经术后病理确诊的14例原发性脑内淋巴瘤的临床资料及MRI表现。 | Methods: The clinical and MRI data from 14 patients with primary brain lymphoma were retrospectively reviewed. |
结果：14例患者中男5例，女9例，年龄(55±8)岁；9例为单发，5例多发(病灶2~6个)，共26个病灶。 | Results: Fourteen patients, including 5 males and 9 females, were (55±8) years old. There were 9 patients with single lesion and 5 patients with multiple lesions (2-6 lesions). A total of 26 lesions were identified. |
病灶均位于幕上，包括大脑半球、基底节、胼胝体等，多数位于脑组织深部。 | All lesions located in supratentorium, such as the cerebral hemisphere, the basal ganglia, and the corpus callosum. Most of them deeply located in the brain. |
病灶T1加权成像(T1-weighted image，T1WI)多呈等或稍低信号，T2加权成像(T2-weighted image，T2WI)多呈等或稍高信号，弥散加权成像(disffusion-weighted imaging，DWI)多呈高或稍高信号。 | The lesions presented slightly low or equal signal on T1-weighted image (T1WI), slightly high or equal signal on T2-weighted image (T2WI), and slightly high or equal signal on disffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), in which 2 lesions showed central necrosis and 2 lesions included hemorrhage. |
全部病灶表现出明显的强化影，其中团块状强化的病灶有23个，环形强化的病灶有3个。 | All of them showed significant enhancement, 3 of them showed annular enhancement, and the rest showed nodular and mass enhancement. |
病灶周围形成的水肿严重程度不一，其中20个属于重度，4个中度，2个轻度。 | The degree of para-tumorous edema for different lesions was different, including 20 lesions with marked edema, 4 with moderate edema, and 2 with slight edema. |
方法：报告1例病理确诊为异位嗜铬细胞瘤并多发淋巴结及肺转移的患者资料。 | Methods: A case of paraganglioma of testis with multiple lymph node and lung metastasis were reported. |
结果：患者有典型的血压升高症状，血儿茶酚胺及尿香草扁桃酸值显著升高。 | Results: The patient presented with high blood pressure, high level of catecholamine, and urinary vanillylmandelic acid. |
广东省人民医院于1960年成立烧伤治疗专业组，是我国较早建立烧伤科的医院之一。 | Guangdong General Hospital set up burn treatment specialist group in 1960. It was one of the hospitals which set up the department of burns in the early time. |
58年来，广东省人民医院烧伤外科共救治烧伤患者2万余例，总体救治成功率98.58%，位居国内外前列。 | In the past 58 years, Department of Burn Surgery in Guangdong General Hospital has treated more than 20 000 burn patients, with overall success rate of 98.58%, standing at the global frontier. |
58年来在陈华德教授、赖文教授等学科带头人的带领下，经过全体同仁的不懈努力，笔者科室由一个单纯的烧伤治疗专业组，发展成为广东省临床重点专科、百级层流烧伤病房样板单位、广东省医学会烧伤学分会第二届和第三届专业委员会主任委员单位、国家药物临床试验基地，并为华南地区广大人民提供高质量的烧伤救治服务。 | In the past 58 years, under the leadership of professors Chen Huade and Lai Wen and through the unremitting efforts of the colleagues, our department has developed from a burn treatment specialist group to the key clinical specialty of Guangdong province, sample unit of hundred level of laminar burn care ward, unit of chairman of the second and third committees of the Burn Branch of Guangdong Medical Association, the base of the National Good Clinical Practice, and has provided high level of burn treatment service for people in South China. |
由中国医师协会烧伤科医师分会主办的"中国医师协会烧伤科医师分会2018年年会"于2018年11月16—18日在广东省广州市顺利召开，300余名烧伤科医师代表出席了本次会议。 | The 2018 Academic Annual Meeting of the Society of Burn Surgery of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, sponsored by the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, was successfully held in Guangzhou, Guangdong province from November 16th to 18th, 2018. More than 300 representatives of burn surgery attended the meeting. |
会议紧密结合临床实际需求，以院士讲座、专题报告、专题讨论和疑难、复杂病例讨论为主。 | The content of the meeting included academician lectures, special reports, seminar, difficult and complex case discussions, which were closely related to clinical needs. |
针对我国烧伤专科的发展现状和面临挑战、烧伤专科医师培养的现状和问题等，特别邀请了相关专家做专题报告和进行讨论。 | In response to the development status and challenges of burn specialty and the status and problems of the training of burn specialist in China, special experts were invited to make special reports and discussions. |
会议期间召开了中国医师协会烧伤科医师分会换届选举大会，选举产生了第四届委员会，彭毅志教授当选会长。 | During the meeting, a general election meeting of the Society of Burn Surgery of Chinese Medical Doctor Association was held, the fourth committee was elected, and professor Peng Yizhi was elected as the president. |
肝门部胆管癌是胆道外科治疗难度最大的恶性肿瘤之一。 | Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most difficult malignant tumors to treat in the biliary system. |
在日本，过去的30余年间该疾病的5年生存率从32.5%升至67.1%。 | In Japan, 5-year survival rate of the disease has increased from 32.5% to 67.1% during the past 30 years. |
本文对该诊治体系的历史沿革、现状及尚存的问题进行简要介绍。 | The present review intends to report the history, current status and remaining bottlenecks of the diagnosis and treatment system of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in Japan as follows. |
目的：探讨微小RNA(micro RNA，miR)-21对香烟烟雾提取物(cigarette smoke extract，CSE)诱导的巨噬细胞自噬、增殖和凋亡的影响。 | To explore the effects of miR-21 on macrophage autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). |
方法：实验分为对照组、CSE干预巨噬细胞组(CSE组)、miR-21抑制剂+CSE干预巨噬细胞组(miR-21抑制剂+CSE组)。 | Methods: The cells was divided into a control group, a CSE interventine macrophage group (CSE group), and a miR-21 inhibitor+CSE intervention macrophage group (miR-21 inhibitor+CSE group). |
采用实时聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)检测3组巨噬细胞miR-21表达水平，Western印迹、MTT试验及流式细胞术检测miR-21抑制剂对巨噬细胞自噬、增殖及凋亡的影响。 | The expression of miR-21 in the 3 groups was detected by real-time PCR. The effects of miR-21 inhibitor on macrophage autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis were detected by Western blot, MTT assay and flow cytometry. |
结果：与对照组相比，CSE组miR-21表达和自噬水平均增加，差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。 | Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of miR-21 and autophagy in the CSE group were significantly increased (both P<0.05). |
MiR-21抑制剂+CSE组miR-21的表达量较CSE组明显降低(P<0.05)。 | The expression of miR-21 in the miR-21 inhibitor+CSE group was significantly lower than that in the CSE group (P<0.05). |
结论：CSE可通过影响巨噬细胞miR-21的表达及自噬水平而使巨噬细胞的自噬和凋亡增加，增殖减少。 | Conclusion: CSE intervention macrophage increase the autophagy and apoptosis of macrophages, decrease the cell proliferation by affecting the expression of miR-21 and the level of autophagy in macrophages. |
方法：回顾性纳入2012至2017年经病理证实的130例脑胶质瘤患者，基于磁共振增强T1加权相二维图像提取的共41个影像学特征。 | Methods: A total of 130 glioma patients with confirmed pathological diagnosis were selected retrospectively from 2012 to 2017. Forty one imaging features were extracted from each subjects based on 2-dimension magnetic resonance T1 weighted imaging with contrast-enhancement. |
建立人工神经网络并进行特征选择以得到最优化的神经网络模型，随机抽取一半病例的影像学特征数据对神经网络进行训练，并用另一半特征数据对训练完成后的神经网络进行胶质瘤分级效果验证。 | An artificial neural network model was created and optimized according to the performance of feature selection. The training dataset was randomly selected half of the whole dataset, and the other half dataset was used to verify the performance of the neural network for glioma grading. |
对神经网络重复进行100次训练和验证，将结果进行平均。 | The training-verification process was repeated for 100 times and the performance was averaged. |
结果：经过特征选择后的神经网络模型共选取5个特征作为输入特征，神经网络对脑胶质瘤分级的平均准确率为90.32%，平均敏感度为87.86%，平均特异度为92.49%，受试者操作曲线的曲线下面积为0.9486。 | Results: A total of 5 imaging features were selected as the ultimate input features for the neural network. The mean accuracy of the neural network for glioma grading was 90.32%, with a mean sensitivity at 87.86% and a mean specificity at 92.49%. The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9486. |
结论：人工神经网络作为一种人工智能方法，对脑胶质瘤分级具有较高的准确性，为脑胶质瘤的无创性术前分级提供了可行的辅助手段。 | Conclusion: As a technique of artificial intelligence, neural network can reach a relatively high accuracy for the grading of glioma and provide a non-invasive and promising computer-aided diagnostic process for the pre-operative grading of glioma. |
目的：研究药物性肝衰竭(drug-induced liver failure，DILF)患者的预后影响因素，并构建其logistic回归模型(logistic regression model，LRM)。 | To explore the prognostic factors for patients with drug-induced liver failure (DILF) and construct a logistic regression model (LRM). |