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患者主要临床症状为发热、咳嗽及胸闷; 其中12例患者低氧血症, 3例患者I型呼吸衰竭; 胸部CT以双肺弥漫性磨玻璃影为主要表现，部分患者合并少量胸腔积液; 发病时间主要分布在2-4个疗程, 症状出现距方案中利妥昔单抗输注时间在8-49 d; 25例患者治疗有效后日常生活无明显受限, 1例患者治疗无效死亡。

The main clinical symptoms of patients were fever, cough and chest tightness, among which 12 patients showed hypoxia and 3 patients showed respiratory failure type I. The mainly manifested chest CT was diffusive glass grinding in both lungs, and some patients were complicated with a small amount of pleural effusion. The onset chemotherapy time was mainly distributed in 2 to 4 courses, the time between the onset of symptoms and the infusion of rituximab was 8 to 49 days. 25 patients shows no obvious limitation in daily life after effective treatment, and 1 patient died of ineffective treatment.

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤应用含利妥昔单抗化疗方案后出现急性肺损伤早期无典型临床症状, 早期发现及早期激素治疗对取得良好治疗效果至关重要。

There are no typical clinical symptoms in the early stage of acute lung injury after rituximab chemotherapy in DLBCL. Early detection and early hormone therapy are very important to achieve good therapeutic effect.

探讨影响多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者总生存期的非遗传学相关因素。

To explore the non-genetic factors of overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

51例患者中，男29例，女22例，随访至2019年12月，死亡21例，存活30例。

Fifty-one patients included 29 males and 22 females. Followed up to December 2019, 21 cases died and 30 cases survived.

单因素分析显示，患者年龄、疾病分期、规范治疗、新药的使用、维持治疗、高钙血症、球蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白等因素与患者的总生存时间有关，年龄＜65岁、ISS分期Ⅰ和Ⅱ期、规范治疗、使用新药、血钙正常或低于正常水平、球蛋白正常或低于正常水平以及白蛋白≥35 g/L或血红蛋白≥100 g/L的患者的总生存期明显延长（P＜0.05）。

The univariate analysis showed that the overall survival time of the patients was influenced by age, disease stage, standard treatment, new drugs, maintenance treatment, hypercalcemia, globulin, albumin, and hemoglobin. The overall survival time of patients with age <65 years old, ISS stage I and II, standardized treatment, new drugs, normal or below normal blood calcium, normal or below normal globulin, albumin ≥35 g/L or hemoglobin ≥100 g/L was prolonged significantly (P<0.05).

多因素分析显示，是否维持治疗、血钙≥2.6 mmol/L及血红蛋白＜100 g/L是影响MM预后的独立危险因素。

The multivariate analysis showed that maintenance treatment, hypercalcemia (≥2.6 mmol/L), and hemoglobin (<100 g/L) were independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of MM patients.

血钙≥2.6 mmol/L、血红蛋白＜100 g/L及不进行规律维持治疗的患者预后不良。

Patients with blood calcium ≥2.6 mmol/L, hemoglobin <100 g/L, and who do not undergo regular maintenance therapy show a poor prognosis.

研究多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者骨髓中结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）水平及其与骨髓瘤溶骨性病变的关系，探讨CTGF在多发性骨髓瘤骨病中的临床意义。

To detect the relationship between CTGF in the bone marrow of MM patients and osteolytic lesion of myeloma, moreover, to investigate the clinical significance of CTGF in MM.

选取2019年3月-2020年4月在本院接受治疗的MM患者54例，同时选取28例健康志愿者作为对照组，收集受试者骨髓后分离骨髓上清，采用双抗体夹心酶标免疫分析法（ELISA）检测骨髓上清液中CTGF蛋白表达水平，分析其与临床相关指标之间的关系. MM患者的CTGF水平显著高于健康对照组 （P<0.001）；男性患者CTGF水平明显高于女性患者（P=0.007）；有骨病组的MM患者CTGF水平明显高于无骨病组的患者和对照组（P=0.007，P=0.001）。

Fifity-four MM patients treated in our hospital from March 2019 to April 2020 were enrolled, and 28 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. The plasma in bone marrow of the patients was collected, and the ELISA was used to detect the level of CTGF in bone marrow plasma and the relationship between its and clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed. The CTGF level of MM patients was significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P<0.001); the CTGF level in male patients was higher than that in female patients (P=0.007); the CTGF level in MM patients with osteolytic lesions was significantly higher than patients without osteolytic lesions and controls (P=0.007, P=0.001).

MM患者的CTGF水平与骨损害的病灶数呈正相关（r=0.52），≥3处骨损害患者骨髓CTGF水平显著高于<3处骨损害患者和无骨损害患者 （P=0.014，P=0.002）。

The CTGF level in MM patients was positively correlated with the number of bone lesions (P<0.001, r=0.52). CTGF levels in patients with ≥3 bone lesions were significantly higher than those with <3 bone lesions and without bone lesions (P=0.014, P=0.002).

ROC曲线结果表明，CTGF表达水平对于MM骨病的诊断有显著的价值（P<0.001）。

ROC curve result showed that CTGF expression level shows a significant diagnostic value for MM bone disease (P<0.001).

MM患者CTGF水平异常高表达与骨髓瘤溶骨性病变的程度相关，能反映MM疾病的进展。

The abnormally high expression of CTGF level in MM patients is related to the degree of myelomas osteolytic lesions and can reflect the progress of MM.

探讨并分析多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者在硼替佐米化疗期间发生带状疱疹的危险因素。

To explore and analyze the risk factors of herpes zoster in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) during the chemotherapy with bortezomib.

对其临床特点、治疗和转归及发生带状疱疹的危险因素进行回顾性分析。

The clinical characteristic, treatment outcome and related factor of herpes zoster were retrospective analyzed.

85例使用硼替佐米化疗的MM患者中, 20例发生了带状疱疹, 发生率约为23.5%。

Twenty of the 85 patients with MM treated with bortezomib developed herpes zoster occurred (23.5%).

单因素分析显示, 年龄≥65岁、治疗前淋巴细胞减少、治疗前中性粒细胞减少、ECOG评分≥2、使用环磷酰胺、未给予预防性抗病毒治疗与带状疱疹发生相关（P＜0.05）。

Single-factor analysis showed that age≥65 years, lymphocytopenia occurred before treatment, neutropenia occurred before treatment, ECOG score≥2, application of cyclophosphamide, absence of preventive antiviral therapy were associated with the genesis of herpes zoster (P＜0.05).

多因素logistic回归分析显示, 治疗前淋巴细胞减少、环磷酰胺的使用、未给予预防性抗病毒治疗是发生带状疱疹独立的危险因素（P＜0.05）。

Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lymphocytopenia occurred before treatment, the application of cyclophosphamide and the absence of preventive antiviral therapy were the independent risk factors for herpes zoster (P＜0.05).

MM患者带状疱疹发生率高, 治疗前淋巴细胞减少、环磷酰胺的使用、未给予预防性抗病毒治疗是发生带状疱疹重要的危险因素, 临床医生需引起重视。

The incidence of herpes zoster is high in the multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib. Lymphocytopenia occurred before treatment, the application of cyclophosphamide, and the absence of prophylactic antiviral therapy are the important risk factors for herpes zoster, for which the clinicians should attach great importance.

复合杂合突变致遗传性凝血因子Ⅴ缺陷症家系的表型与基因型分析. 通过检测复合杂合突变导致遗传性凝血因子Ⅴ（FⅤ）缺陷家系的表型和基因突变分析，探讨其分子发病机制. 检测先证者及其家系成员（共3代10人）血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、FⅤ促凝活性（FⅤ∶C）、FⅤ抗原（FⅤ∶Ag）及其他相关凝血指标以明确诊断。

To analyze the molecular pathogenesis by analysis of phenotype and gene mutation in families with hereditary coagulation factor V (FⅤ) defect caused by complex heterozygous mutation. Plasma pro-thrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), FⅤ procoagulant activity (FⅤ∶C), FⅤ antigen (FⅤ∶Ag), and other related coagulation indexes were detected in the proband and his family members (3 generations 10 people).

先证者的第二子、第三子、女儿和孙子的PT和APTT略有延长，FⅤ∶C和FⅤ∶Ag均有不同程度的降低，其他家庭成员的相关凝血参数均在正常范围内。

The PT and APTT of the second-born, the third son, daughter, and grandson of the proband were slightly prolonged, and the FⅤ∶C and FⅤ∶Ag decreased to varying degrees. The related coagulant parameters of other family members were within normal range.

先证者6号外显子上存在c.911G> A杂合错义突变，导致p.Gly276Glu；16号外显子上存在c.5343C> G杂合错义突变，导致p.Ser1781Arg。

Genetic analysis revealed that the proband had a c.911G>A heterozygous missense mutation on the exon 6 lead to p.Gly276Glu, and a c.5343C>G heterozygous missense mutation on the exon 16 lead to p.Ser1781Arg of the proband.

其第二子、第三子和孙子均携带p.Gly276Glu的杂合子，其女儿携带p.Ser1781Arg的杂合子，其他家庭成员均为野生型。

The second-born, the third son, and grandson of the proband carry p.Gly276Glu heterozygotes, and the daughter carries p.Ser1781Arg heterozygotes, while the other family members were wild-type.

保守分析结果表明，Gly276和Ser1781在同源物种中高度保守。

The results of conservative analysis indicated that p.Gly276 and p.Ser1781 were highly conserved in homologous species.

2种生物信息学软件的预测结果相同，PROVEAN（得分-6.214和-12.79）表明，该复合杂合突变是一种有害突变；MutationTaster（得分0.976和0.999）提示，这些突变可能引起相应疾病。

The two bioinformatics software predicted the same results, PROVEAN (score -6.214 and -12.79) indicated that the compound heterozygous mutation was a harmful mutation; MutationTaster (score 0.976 and 0.999) suggested that these mutations might cause corresponding disease.

p.Gly276Glu蛋白质模型分析显示，Glu侧链延长，分子量变大，这将增加它与周围氨基酸之间的空间位阻，影响FⅤ蛋白的正常局部折叠，最终导致蛋白质活性和含量降低。

p.Gly276Glu protein model analysis showed that, the Glu side chain was prolonged and the molecular weight became larger, which would increase the steric hindrance between it and the surrounding amino acids, affect the normal local folding of the FⅤ protein, and eventually lead to the decrease of protein activity and content.

由于尚无16号外显子FⅤ的X射线3D结构文件，本研究无法对p.Ser1781Arg突变蛋白进行空间结构分析. 在本研究中鉴定的新型复合杂合突变（p.Gly276Glu和p.Ser1781Arg）是该家系FⅤ水平下降的主要原因，其中p.Ser1781Arg国内外鲜见报道。

This paper can not provide analysis of the spatial structure of p.Ser1781Arg mutant protein because of the lack of X ray 3 D structure file of FⅤ exon 16. The new compound heterozygous mutations (p.Gly276Glu and p.Ser1781Arg) identified in this study are the main reasons for the decrease in the FⅤ level of the family, among which p.Ser1781Arg is rarely reported at home and abroad.

成人朗格汉斯组织细胞增多症患者的临床实验特征以及影响预后的因素分析. 观察分析成人朗格汉斯组织细胞增生症（LCH）患者的临床实验特征及预后因素. 回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年8月就诊于本院且经组织病理学确诊的成人LCH患者38例的临床特征和实验室检查特征，并对患者的临床预后进行深入分析. 38例LCH患者中位年龄为41（21-65岁）岁，男女比约为2∶1。

To observe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH) patients and to analyze the influencing factors of its prognosis. The clinical and laboratory charac-teristics of 38 adult LCH patients treated in our hospital from January 2010 to August 2019 were retrospective analyzed, and the clinical prognosis of the patients was analyzed. The median age of 38 patients was 41 (21-65) years old, and the ratio of male and female was about 2∶1.

38例LCH患者中，出现多系统累及占44.7%，31.6%的患者具有危险器官(肝脏、肺、造血系统或脾脏)累及，最常见受累器官为骨骼（21/38，55.3%），最常见的临床症状为疼痛（19/38，50.0%）。

Among 38 patients, 44.7% (17/38) were involved in multiple systems, and 31.6% (12/38) were involved in high-risk organs (including liver, lung, hematopoietic system or spleen). The bone involvement was the most common (21/38, 55.3%), and the most common clinical symptom was pain (19/38, 50.0%).

实验室检查显示，贫血、血小板减少、中性粒细胞减少、淋巴细胞减少、单核细胞增多、C反应蛋白升高、血沉升高以及铁蛋白升高的发生率分别为10.5%、2.6%、5.3%、15.8%、28.9%、28.6%（6/21）、55.3%（10/18）及55.3%（9/17）。

The result of laboratory showed that anemia (4/38，10.5%), thrombocytopenia (1/38，2.6%), neutropenia (2/38，5.3%), lymphopenia (6/38，15.8%), monocytosis (11/38，28.9%), C-reactive protein increasing (6/21，28.6%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate increasing (10/18, 55.3%), and ferritin protein increasing (9/17, 55.3%).

中位随访时间为53个月，共5例患者死亡。

The median follow-up time was 53 months, and a total of 5 patients were died.

单系统受累患者10年总生存（OS）率为100%，显著优于多系统受累患者（70.1%）（P=0.0078）。

The 10-year overall survival rate of patients with single-system involvement was 100%, which was significantly higher than that of patients with multiple-system involvement (70.1%) (P=0.0078).

无危险器官受累患者的预后显著优于有危险器官受累的患者，患者10年OS率分别为100%和60.6%（P=0.0007）。

The prognosis of patients without risk-organ involvement was better than that of patients with risk-organ involvement (10-year overall survival rate: 100% vs 60.6%) (P=0.0007).

进一步分析发现，除多系统受累与危险器官受累为不良预后因素外，初诊时外周血单核细胞增多以及铁蛋白升高与较差的预后显著相关. 多系统受累与危险器官受累、初诊时外周血单核细胞增多以及铁蛋白升高是成人LCH患者重要的预后不良因素。

Further analysis showed that in addition to multiple-system involvement and risk-organ involvement, the increase of peripheral blood monocyte cells and the increase of ferritin protein were also associated with poorer prognosis of the patients. The multiple system involve-ment and risk-organ involvement, the increasing of monocyte cells and the increasing of ferritin protein were the independent risk factors of adult LCH patients.

细胞焦亡是一种依赖半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶（Caspase-1/4/5/11）的程序性死亡方式，主要特征是炎症小体激活，细胞膜破裂，形成孔洞，细胞内容物释放。

Pyroptosis is a programmed death mode dependent on Caspase-1/4/5/11, which is caused by activation of inflammasome, accompanied by cell membrane rupture, pore formation and cell content release.

细胞焦亡作为一种新型的细胞死亡方式广泛参与呼吸系统的疾病，如肺纤维化、急性肺损伤/呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管发育不良、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和哮喘等。

As a new type of cell death, it is widely involved in respiratory diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.

本文综述细胞焦亡的发生机制以及在不同呼吸系统疾病中的作用，以期为呼吸系统疾病的治疗提供新思路。

This article reviews the mechanism of pyroptosis and its role in different respiratory diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of respiratory diseases.

随着工业的发展，肌肉骨骼疾患问题日渐凸显，下背痛是主要问题之一，美国和德国已将其纳入职业病范畴。

With the development of industry, musculoskeletal disorders have become increasingly prominent, and low back pain is one of the major problems. The United States and Germany have already included it in the category of occupational diseases.

因此确定影响下背痛的职业因素，对工人的负荷水平进行评估，具有重要意义。

Therefore, it is extremely important to determine the occupational factors affecting low back pain and evaluate the load level of workers.

本文结合已有文献，对下背痛负荷的评价方法进行综述，以期从职业因素层面为制定下背痛的预防策略提供参考。

In this paper, combined with the existing literature, the evaluation methods of the load of low back pain were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the development of prevention strategies of low back pain from the perspective of occupational factors.

目的 利用2100生物分析仪结合蛋白芯片获取死后大鼠肝组织蛋白质表达谱，推测其与死亡时间的关系。

Objective To obtain the protein expression profile of rat liver tissue after death by the 2100 bioanalyzer combined with protein chip, and infer the relationship between protein expression profile and postmortem interval.

方法 大鼠腹腔麻醉致死后置于16 ℃环境中，提取死后14个时间点肝组织中的水溶性蛋白质，使用蛋白芯片获取相对分子质量在14 000~230 000的蛋白质表达谱数据，并利用主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）、偏最小二乘-判别分析（partial least squares-discriminant analysis，PLS-DA）、Fisher判别对数据进行分析。

Methods Rats were killed by abdominal anesthesia and placed at 16 ℃. Water-soluble proteins in liver tissues were extracted at 14 time points after death. The expression profile data of proteins with relative molecular weight of 14 000-230 000 were obtained using protein chip, and principal component analysis （PCA）, partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） and Fisher discriminant were used to analyze the data.

结果 根据蛋白质表达谱的变化和PLS-DA结果将死亡时间分为A组（0 d）、B组（1~9 d）、C组（12~30 d）。

Results According to the changes of protein expression profile, the postmortem interval was divided into group A （0 d）, group B （1-9 d）, group C （12-30 d） according to the result of PLS-DA.

经Fisher判别，模型的训练集及测试集的预测准确率均为100.0%，训练集的内部交叉验证准确率为100.0%。

The prediction accuracy of the training set and test set of the model were all 100.0%, and the internal cross-validation of the training set was 100.0% according to Fisher discriminant.

通过建立B、C组各时间点的Fisher判别模型缩小推断死亡时间窗口，B组中训练集及测试集的预测准确率均为100.0%，训练集的内部交叉验证准确率为100.0%；C组中训练集及测试集的预测准确率分别为95.2%、78.6%，训练集的内部交叉验证准确率为88.1%。

The Fisher discriminant model at each time point of group B and C was established to narrow the time window of postmortem interval estimation. The prediction accuracy of the training set and test set were all 100.0%, and the internal cross-validation accuracy of the training set was 100.0% in group B. The prediction accuracy of the training set and test set were respectively 95.2% and 78.6% in group C, and the internal cross-validation of the training set was 88.1%.

结论 蛋白芯片检测技术可以快捷简便地获取大鼠死后不同时间点肝组织相对分子质量在14 000~230 000的水溶性蛋白质表达谱，建立PLS-DA及Fisher判别模型对死亡时间进行分类预测判断，有望为死亡时间推断提供新的思路和方法。

Conclusion Protein chip detection technology can quickly and easily obtain the expression profile of water-soluble proteins of rat liver tissue with a relative molecular weight of 14 000-230 000 at different time points after death. PLS-DA and Fisher discriminant models are established to classify and predict the postmortem interval, in order to provide new ideas and methods for postmortem interval estimation.

空气中污染物及病菌的浓度直接影响人类健康。

The concentration of pollutants and pathogens in the air directly affects human health.

在污染源不变的情况下,有效通风决定了空气质量的优劣。

When the pollution source remains unchanged, effective ventilation determines air quality.

因此,建立有效通风的定量判定指标,并利用此指标对特定区域空气质量进行实时评价,引导居民选择健康的室外活动场所成为迫切需要解决的问题。

It is therefore critically needed to establish a quantitative determination index for effective ventilation, which can be used for real-time evaluation of air quality in specific areas, so as to guide residents to choose healthy outdoor activity places.

本研究采用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方法建立了基于计算流体力学(CFD)技术的城市空气污染模拟系统,研究了风速、污染物浓度和污染物扩散效率之间的关系。

In this study, Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) method was used to establish urban air pollution simulation system by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. The correlations among wind speed, pollutant concentration, and pollutant diffusion efficiency were analyzed.

在此基础上,借助实时气象数据,对城市广场空间不同时段进行了风场模拟及空气质量评价。

With real-time meteorological data, wind field simulation and air quality evaluation were carried out for different periods of urban square space.

结果表明: 行人高度(1.5 m)空气中污染物有效扩散的临界风速值为1.0 m·s

The results showed that the critical wind speed value at pedestrian height (1.5 m) for the effective diffusion of pollutants was 1.0 m·s

本系统综述考查了欧洲寻求庇护者和难民人群移民后变量对其心理健康的影响。

The present systematic review examined post-migration variables impacting upon mental health outcomes among asylum-seeking and refugee populations in Europe.

它主要关注移民后应激源的影响 (包括庇护过程的时长和停留时间, 居住状态和社会融合) 以及它们对创伤后压力障碍, 焦虑和抑郁的影响。

It focuses on the effects of post-settlement stressors (including length of asylum process and duration of stay, residency status and social integration) and their impact upon post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression.

本研究综述了22个研究。

Twenty-two studies were reviewed in this study.

在22项研究中的9项中, 庇护过程的时长和停留时间被发现是最常被提及的心理健康困难因素。

Length of asylum process and duration of stay was found to be the most frequently cited factor for mental health difficulties in 9 out of 22 studies.

相反, 法律地位的影响与其他移民后因素更加复杂地联系在一起。 它被发现可以作为其他移民后变量的标志, 包括孤独, 歧视, 沟通或语言问题。

Contrary to expectation, residency or legal status was posited as a marker for other explanatory variables, including loneliness, discrimination and communication or language problems, rather than being an explanatory variable itself.

家庭相关困难还被发现与停留时间和法律地位有关, 同时还认为其他移民后变量居住和停留时间对心理健康的影响更大。

However, in line with previous findings and as hypothesised in this review, there were statistically significant correlations found between family life, family separation and mental health outcomes.

临床实践指南, 如关注于创伤性应激治疗的指南, 可以在提升包容性和公平性方面发挥重要作用。

Clinical practice guidelines, such as those focusing on traumatic stress treatment, can play an important role in promoting inclusion and equity.

在对14项明确提及儿童的国际创伤治疗指导文件综述的基础上, 我们对这些指南可以变得更具包容性和公平性的两个领域进行了反思; a) 儿童文化背景的体现, b) 儿童表达其声音的机会。

Based on a review of 14 international trauma treatment guidance documents that explicitly mentioned children, we reflect on two areas in which these guidelines can become more inclusive and equitable; a) representation of children's cultural background and b) children's opportunity to have their voice heard.

尽管有几条准则提到应根据儿童的文化需求量身定制治疗方法, 但关于这一点如何实现的指导却很少。

While a few guidelines mentioned that treatment should be tailored to children's cultural needs, there was little guidance on how this could be done.

而且, 在产生和评估国际证据基础的各个阶段, 似乎仍然有强烈的西方白人眼光。 现有指南还意味着在指南开发过程中未咨询18岁以下的青年。

Moreover, there still appears to be a strong white Western lens across all stages of producing and evaluating the international evidence base. The available documentation also suggested that no young people under the age of 18 had been consulted in the guideline development processes.

为了促进包容性和公平性, 我们建议了未来国家指南制定工作的五个要素。

To contribute to inclusion and equity, we suggest five elements for future national guideline development endeavours.

对于目前代表性不足的群体, 与其一同以及针对目前代表性不足的群体来促进研究和指南开发, 应该是我们领域的高度优先事项。

Promoting research and guideline development with, by, and for currently under-represented communities should be a high priority for our field.

我们国家, 地区和全球专业协会在 (继续) 促进这一领域的对话和行动方面处于优势地位。

Our national, regional and global professional associations are in an excellent position to (continue to) stimulate conversation and action in this domain.

比较骨填充网袋椎体成形术（Vesselplasty）与经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty，PKP）治疗 Kümmell 病的临床疗效。

To investigate the effectiveness of Vesselplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treatment of Kümmell disease.

2015 年 1 月—2018 年 12 月收治 63 例 Kümmell 病患者，其中 28 例采用 Vesselplasty 治疗（Vesselplasty 组），35 例采用 PKP 治疗（PKP 组）。

Between January 2015 and December 2018, 63 patients with Kümmell disease were treated. Among them, 28 cases were treated with Vesselplasty (Vesselplasty group) and 35 cases were treated with PKP (PKP group).

两组患者性别、年龄、病程、骨密度 T 值、骨折节段及术前疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Oswestry 功能障碍指数（ODI）、伤椎前缘高度、后凸 Cobb 角等一般资料比较，差异均无统计学意义（ 两组患者均获随访，随访时间 12～36 个月，平均 24.2 个月。 Vesselplasty 组手术时间、术中透视时间、骨水泥注射量、骨水泥弥散面积率均明显小于 PKP 组（ Vesselplasty 和 PKP 治疗 Kümmell 病疗效相似，均能有效缓解患者疼痛症状，改善生活质量，部分恢复伤椎高度，矫正椎体后凸。 但前者具有手术时间短、术中透视时间少、骨水泥渗漏少等优势。

There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease duration, bone mineral density (T value), fracture distribution, and preoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), anterior height of injured vertebrae, and kyphosis Cobb angle between the two groups ( All patients of the two groups were followed up 12-36 months, with an average of 24.2 months. The operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, bone cement injection volume, and diffusion area ratio of bone cement were significantly lower in the Vesselplasty group than in the PKP group ( Vesselplasty and PKP have similar effectiveness in the treatment of Kümmell disease. They can effectively relieve the pain symptoms, improve the quality of life, partially restore the height of injured vertebrae, and correct kyphosis. But the Vesselplasty has the advantages of shorter operation time, less intraoperative fluoroscopy time, and less bone cement leakage.

比较穿骨隧道缝合固定和锚钉固定修复肘关节恐怖三联征中外侧副韧带复合体（lateral collateral ligament complex，LCLC）损伤的疗效。

To compare the effectiveness of transosseous tunnel fixation and drilling fixation for repair of lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC) in treatment of terrible triad of elbow (TTE).

回顾分析 2012 年 6 月—2018 年 1 月收治的 50 例肘关节恐怖三联征患者临床资料，其中 22 例采用锚钉固定（锚钉组）、28 例采用穿骨隧道缝合固定（穿骨隧道组）修复 LCLC。

A clinical data of 50 patients with TTE between June 2012 and January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The LCLC was repaired with transosseous tunnel fixation in 22 patients (transosseous tunnel fixation group) and with drilling fixation in 28 patients (drilling fixation group).

两组患者性别、年龄、骨折侧别、受伤至入院时间以及冠状突骨折、桡骨头骨折及肘关节恐怖三联征分型等一般资料比较，差异均无统计学意义（ 两组患者均顺利完成手术，手术时间及术中出血量比较差异均无统计学意义（ 治疗肘关节恐怖三联征时，采用穿骨隧道固定或锚钉固定修复 LCLC 均可获得满意疗效。

There was no significant difference between the two groups ( The operation of two groups were successfully completed. There was no significant difference in the operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two group ( Both transosseous tunnel fixation and drilling fixation can achieve good results in repair of LCLC for TTE.

从血管外科视角探讨胫骨横向骨搬移技术治疗下肢慢性缺血性疾病时，需满足的血管条件及血管重建的必要性。

To explore the vascular conditions and the necessity of vascular reconstruction in the treatment of chronic ischemic diseases of lower extremities with tibial transverse transport (TTT) from the perspective of vascular surgery.

回顾分析 2014 年 2 月—2019 年 7 月采用胫骨横向骨搬移技术治疗的 59 例下肢慢性缺血性疾病患者临床资料。

A clinical data of 59 patients with chronic ischemic disease of lower extremities treated by TTT between February 2014 and July 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.

其中，糖尿病足（diabetic foot，DF）患者 41 例，Wagner 3～4 级、Texas 2～3 级、B～D 期病变；病程 0.7～2.4 年，平均 1.5 年；合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（arteriosclerosis obliteran，ASO）5 例。

Among them, there were 41 patients with diabetic foot (DF), including Wagner grade 3-4, Texas grade 2-3, and stage B-D lesions; the disease duration ranged from 0.7 to 2.4 years, with an average of 1.5 years, and 5 cases complicated with arteriosclerosis obliteran (ASO).

ASO 患者 14 例，病程 1.5～23.4 个月，平均 10.8 个月；Fontaine Ⅳ期、Rutherford Ⅲ～Ⅳ期。

There were 14 patients with ASO (Fontaine stage Ⅳ and Rutherford stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ) with an average disease duration of 10.8 months (range, 1.5-23.4 months).

下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎（thromboangiitis obliteran，TAO）患者 4 例，病程 2.1～18.2 个月，平均 12.3 个月；临床分期均为三期。

There were 4 patients with thromboangiitis obliteran (TAO) with an average disease duration of 12.3 months (range, 2.1-18.2 months), and the clinical stages were all in the third stage.

其中，18 例术前胫前或胫后动脉踝肱指数（ankle brachial index，ABI）<0.6，或者影像学检查膝下胫前动脉的 3 条分支均未通达踝部者，行血管重建开通上游血管（DF 合并 ASO 5 例、ASO 12 例、TAO 1 例）。

In 18 patients that ankle brachial index (ABI) of anterior or posterior tibial artery was less than 0.6 before operation, or the blood flow of the three branches of inferior anterior tibial artery did not reach the ankle by imaging examination, vascular reconstruction was performed before TTT (5 cases of DF combined with ASO, 12 of ASO, 1 of TAO).

术后通过溃疡创面愈合情况、皮温、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、ABI、CT 血管造影（CT angiography，CTA）检查等进行疗效评估。

After operation, the effectiveness was evaluated by ulcer wound healing, skin temperature, pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, ABI, and CT angiography (CTA) examination.

DF 患者获随访 8～16 个月，平均 12.2 个月；溃疡创面均愈合，愈合时间 5.1～9.2 周，平均 6.8 周；5 例行血管重建者术后 CTA 观察膝下胫前动脉分支血管再通；胫骨截骨均愈合，愈合时间 5～14 周，平均 8.3 周。

The patients with DF were followed up 8-16 months (mean, 12.2 months); the ulcer wounds healed with a healing time of 5.1-9.2 weeks (mean, 6.8 weeks); CTA examination showed that the branches of inferior anterior tibial artery were opened in 5 patients after revascularization; and the tibial osteotomy healed for 5-14 weeks (mean, 8.3 weeks).

ASO 患者获随访 13～25 个月，平均 16.8 个月；溃疡创面愈合时间 6.2～9.7 周，平均 7.4 周；其中 12 例血管重建者术后 CTA 检查显示膝下胫前动脉分支再通；胫骨截骨均愈合，愈合时间 4.5～14.4 周，平均 10.2 周。

The patients with ASO were followed up 13-25 months (mean, 16.8 months); the ulcer wounds healed with a healing time of 6.2-9.7 weeks (mean, 7.4 weeks). CTA examination showed that the branches of inferior anterior tibial artery were opened in 12 patients after revascularization; all tibial osteotomy healed, and the healing time was 4.5-14.4 weeks (mean, 10.2 weeks).

TAO 患者获随访 12～23 个月，平均 12.3 个月；治疗无效最终行截趾/肢。

The patients with TAO were followed up 12-23 months with an average of 12.3 months, and toe/limb amputation was performed after ineffective treatment.

对髋关节镜治疗髋臼盂唇损伤的常见手术方式进行综述，为临床治疗提供参考。

To review the surgical methods of arthroscopy in the treatment of acetabular labrum injury, and to provide reference for clinical treatment.

查阅近年国内外髋关节镜治疗髋臼盂唇损伤的手术方式和临床结果相关文献，进行分析和总结。

The literature about the surgical methods and clinical results of hip arthroscopy in the treatment of acetabular labrum injury was reviewed and analyzed.

在髋关节镜开展的早期，对撕裂的盂唇进行清理是主要治疗方案。

In the early stages of hip arthroscopy, the removal of the torn labrum is the primary treatment option.

目前的治疗原则是根据盂唇撕裂程度决定手术方式，包括髋臼盂唇清理术、髋臼盂唇修复术、髋臼盂唇重建术以及髋臼盂唇加强术等。

The current principles of treatment are based on the specific circumstances of a torn labrum, including acetabular labrum debridement, acetabular labrum repair, acetabular labrum reconstruction, and acetabular labrum augmentation.

髋关节镜手术已成为治疗盂唇损伤的主流技术，条件允许时应首选髋臼盂唇修复术，在盂唇无法修复时则采用髋臼盂唇重建术。

Hip arthroscopy has become the preferred technique for the treatment of acetabular labrum injury. Labral repair is still the first choice, and labral reconstruction is used when acetabular labrum injury cannot be repaired.

对人工全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty，TKA）及人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty，THA）的围术期血液管理（perioperative blood managment，PBM）措施进行综述。

To review the perioperative blood management (PBM) of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).

全面阅读并总结近年国内外关于 TKA 及 THA 的 PBM 措施的进展，结合四川大学华西医院临床实践经验，从优化造血、减少失血和输血三方面深入评价并分析各种措施的优劣，为临床选择提供依据。

Recent researches on PBM for TKA and THA were comprehensively read and summarized. Then the advantages and disadvantages of various measures together with the clinical experience of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were evaluated from three aspects, including optimizing hematopoiesis, reducing blood loss and blood transfusion, which could provide a basis for clinical selection.

目前用于 TKA 及 THA 的 PBM 方式较多，其中优化造血主要包括围术期应用铁剂及促红细胞生成素；减少失血措施包括使用止血带、术中进行控制性降压及围术期应用抗纤溶药物；自体输血主要包括预存自体输血、血液稀释法自体输血以及术中自体血液回输；而异体输血则为治疗贫血的最终手段。

There are many PBM methods in TKA and THA, among which the optimization of hematopoiesis mainly includes the application of perioperative iron and erythropoietin. Measures to reduce bleeding include the use of tourniquet, intraoperative controlled hypotension, and perioperative antifibrinolytic agents. Autologous blood transfusion includes preoperative autologous blood donation, hemodilution and cell salvage. Allogeneic blood transfusion is the ultimate treatment for anemia.

其中术前应用促红细胞生成素联合铁剂进行血液动员，术中控制性降压减少失血，再结合多模式氨甲环酸的应用可以取得满意效果。

The application of erythropoietin combined with iron therapy for blood mobilization before surgery together with intraoperative controlled hypotension for bleeding control and the multiple use of tranexamic acid can achieve satisfactory clinical results.

TKA 及 THA 围术期应根据患者身体及经济情况，个性化选择单一或多种血液管理措施以减少失血及异体输血需求，加速患者术后康复。

In the perioperative period of TKA and THA, single or multiple use of different blood management measures should be considered carefully according to the physical and economic conditions of patients individually, so as to reduce the blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion optimally, and finally accelerate the recovery of patients.

总结跟腱病的分类、诊断和临床治疗方案的研究进展。

To explore the classification, diagnosis, and clinical treatment of Achilles tendinopathy.

检索国内外与跟腱病相关的研究文献，主要对其分类及名称、影像学诊断和临床治疗方案等方面的研究成果进行总结。

The literature about Achilles tendinopathy at home and abroad was reviewed. The research results of classification and terms, imaging diagnosis, and clinical treatment of Achilles tendinopathy were summarized.

跟腱病的分类和名称未完全统一，概念模糊，病因尚未明确，治疗方案较多，但缺乏有效的循证医学研究。

The classification and name of Achilles tendinopathy are not completely unified, and the concept is vague, the cause of disease is not clear. There are many treatment plans, but there is no effective evidence-based medicine research.

撒哈拉以南非洲地区的总人口占全球的12%, 其中430万人失明, 1500多万人视力受损。

Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 12% of the global population, and 4.3 million are blind and over 15 million are visually impaired.

但SSA每一百万人中只有2.5名眼科医生。

There are only 2.5 ophthalmologists per million people in SSA.

所以在该地区对眼科医生的培训至关重要。

Training of ophthalmologists is critical.

我们设计了一套系统文献综述的方案, MEDLINE、Ovid和Embase OVID并对发表于2019年8月1日至2000年之后的文献进行了检索。

We designed a systematic literature review protocol, searched MEDLINE Ovid and Embase OVID on 1 August 2019 and limited these searches to the year 2000 onwards.

我们还检索了Google Scholar和其他眼科机构的网站, 以获取更多信息。

We also searched Google Scholar and websites of ophthalmic institutions for additional information.

本文共纳入49篇参考文献, 并采用叙述的方式对结果进行分析。

We include a total of 49 references in this review and used a narrative approach to synthesise the results.

在11个英语国家, 11个法语国家和2个葡萄牙语的SSA国家中, 有56个针对眼科医生的培训机构。

There are 56 training institutions for ophthalmologists in eleven Anglophone, eleven Francophone, and two Lusophone SSA countries.