Datasets:

MohamedRashad

/

rasaif-translations

like 2

وعن عبادة وخالد، أن هرقل كان كلما حج بيت المقدس فخلف سورية، وظعن في أرض الروم التفت فقال" عليك السلام يا سورية

According to ‘Ubadah and Khalid" Whenever Heraclius made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem, left Syria behind "on his way back", and entered into the land of the Byzantines, he used to turn back and to say" "Peace be upon you, O Syria

فقال" لئن كنت صدقتني ليرثن ما تحت قدمي هاتين

Heraclius said" "If you have spoken the truth, they will, indeed, inherit the land on which I stand

يقفون على من حاربهم حتى يأتوا عليه

They stand up to those who fight them until they destroy them

فرسان بالنهار ورهبان بالليل، ما يأكلون في ذمتهم إلا بثمن، ولا يدخلون إلا بسلام

They are horsemen during the day and monks at night In the area under their responsibility they do not eat except for a price and do not enter a house except with a greeting of peace

فقال" أحدثك كأنك تنظر إليهم

The man said" "I shall tell you, and it will be as if you yourself were looking at them

فقال له" أخبرني عن هؤلاء القوم

Heraclius said to him" "Inform me about these people

ولحقه رجل من الروم كان أسيرا في أيدي المسلمين، فأفلت

A man of the Byzantines who had been a prisoner of the Muslims caught up with Heraclius

فلما نزل القوم الرهاء أدرب فنفذ نحو القسطنطينية

When the Muslims reached al-Ruha’, he entered the Byzantine territory and moved toward Constantinople

وقبل ذلك ما قد خرج هرقل حتى شمشاط

Before "this incursion" Heraclius set out for Shimshat

وكان من الصحابه، وكان مع عمر ابن مالك مسانده، وكان حليفا لبني عبد بْن قصي

"In this expedition?" he was with Umar b. Mllik; they were taking turns in commanding the troops. Ziyad was a confederate of Banu Abd b. Qusayy

وكان أول من أنبح كلابها، وأنفر دجاجها زياد بْن حنظلة

The first man to cause the dogs of al-Ruha’ to bark and its fowls to be scared was Ziyad b. Hanalah, who was a Companion of the Prophet

لما خرج هرقل من الرهاء واستتبع أهلها، قالوا" نحن هاهنا خير منا معك، وأبوا أن يتبعوه، وتفرقوا عنه وعن المسلمين

When Heraclius set out from al-Ruha and asked its inhabitants to follow him, they said" "We are better off here than with you," and they refused to follow him and separated themselves both from him and from the Muslims

ذكر سيف عن أبي الزهراء القشيري، عن رجل من بني قشير، قالوا

According to Sayf—Abu al-Zahra’ al-Qushayri—a man from Qushayr

ذكر خبر ارتحال هرقل إلى القسطنطينية

The Departure of Heraclius for Constantinople

فاختلف في حين شخوصه إليها وتركه بلاد الشام، فقال ابن إسحاق" كان ذلك سنة خمس عشرة، وقال سيف" كان سنة ست عشرة

There is disagreement concerning the date of his arrival there and of his departure from Syria; Ibn Ishaq said that it had been in the year 15/636-37 whereas Sayf said that it had been in the year 16/637-38

قال أبو جعفر الطبري" ثم خرج هرقل نحو القسطنطينية

Then Heraclius set out for Constantinople

حتى إذا صارت بثنية وعسلا عزلني

When it became wheat and honey, he dismissed me

فلما عزله قال" إن عمر ولاني الشام

When "‘Umar) dismissed him, he said" "‘Umar put me in charge of Syria

فرجع خالد إلى قنسرين فنزلها، وأتته امرأته

Khalid returned to Qinnasrin and settled in it, and his wife joined him

فهي أول مدربة كانت في الإسلام سنة ست عشرة

This was the first penetration of the Byzantine territory in Islamic times; it took place in the year 16/637-38

ثم رجعوا

Then they returned

ولم يكونوا أدربوا قبله

This had never been done before

فأدرب خالد وعياض مما يلي الشام، وأدرب عمر وعبد اللَّه مما يلي الجزيرة

Khalid and ‘Iyad (b. Ghanm) penetrated the Byzantine territory from the direction of Syria, and ‘Umar (b. Malik) and ‘Abdallah (b. al-Mu‘tamm) penetrated it from the direction of the Jazirah

إلا أنهم خلفوا في الجزيرة الوليد لئلا يؤتوا من خلفهم

The Muslims left in the Jazirah al-Walid b. ‘Uqbah so that they were not in danger of being attacked from the rear

وأهل الجزيرة في حران والرقة ونصيبين وذواتها لم يغرضوا غرضهم، حتى يرجعوا إليهم

The people of the Jazirah from Harran, al-Raqqah, Naibin, and neighboring towns could not know their intention without returning to their people "in the Jazirah

وطووا مدائن الجزيرة من نحو هرقل

They passed by the cities of the Jazirah, avoiding the direction of Heraclius

وعقد لأهل الحاضر وترك قنسرين، طلع من قبل الكوفه عمرابن مالك من قبل قرقيسيا، وعبد اللَّه بْن المعتم من قبل الموصل، والوليد ابن عقبة من بلاد بني تغلب وعرب الجزيرة

When he made an agreement with the people who lived around Qinnasrin and left the city, ‘Umar b. Malik appeared from the direction of al-Kufah and Qarqisiya, ‘Abdallah b. al-Mu‘tamm from the direction of Mosul, and Walid b. ‘Uqbah from the land of the Banu Taghlib with "men from) Taghlib and Arabs from the Jazirah

وإنما كان سبب خنوسه أن خالدا حين قتل ميناس ومات الروم على دمه

The reason for his retreat was the following" Khalid killed Minas and all the Byzantines died with him

فعند ذلك خنس هرقل

This time Heradius retreated

واتطأت حمص وقنسرين

Both Hims and Qinnasrin were leveled to the ground

وذكروا ما لقي أهل حمص، فصالحوه على صلح حمص، فأبى إلا على إخراب المدينة فأخربها

They remembered the treatment meted out to the people of Hims and wanted to make peace on the conditions of Hims, but Khalid agreed only on the condition that the city be destroyed, so he destroyed it

قال" فنظروا في أمرهم

The people of Qinnasrin considered their situation

فقال" إنكم لو كنتم في السحاب لحملنا اللَّه إليكم أو لأنزلكم اللَّه إلينا

He said" ""Even" if you were in the clouds, God would carry us to you or would bring you down to us

فتحصنوا منه

The people of Qinnasrin fortified themselves against him

وسار خالد حتى نزل قنسرين

Khalid marched to Qinnasrin and encamped there

فلما كان من أمره وأمر قنسرين ما كان، رجع عن رأيه

‘Umar changed his opinion after the conduct of Khalid at Qinnasrin

وقد كان عزله والمثنى مع قيامه، وقال" إني لم أعزلهما عن ريبة، ولكن الناس عظموهما، فخشيت أن يوكلوا إليهما

‘Umar had dismissed Khalid and al-Muthanna when he assumed office and had said" "I have not dismissed them because of suspicion, but the people venerated them excessively and I was afraid that they would put their trust in them

هو كان أعلم بالرجال مني

He had better understanding of people than I have

يرحم اللَّه أبا بكر

May God have mercy on AbuBakr

ولما بلغ عمر ذلك قال" أمر خالد نفسه

When this came to ‘Umar's knowledge, he said" "Khalid has made himself amir

فقبل منهم وتركهم

Khalid accepted this and left them alone

وأما أهل الحاضر فأرسلوا إلى خالد أنهم عرب، وأنهم إنما حشروا ولم يكن من رأيهم حربه

As for the people who lived around Qinnasrin, they sent a message to Khalid, saying that they were Arabs and had been "forcibly) recruited; it was not their idea to fight Khalid

فأما الروم فماتوا على دمه حتى لم يبق منهم أحد

All the Byzantines died together following the death of Minas, with none of them surviving

فالتقوا بالحاضر، فقتل ميناس ومن معه مقتلة لم يقتلوا مثلها

They confronted each other in this area and Minas and his companions were killed; they had never suffered a defeat like this

وهو رأس الروم وأعظمهم فيهم بعد هرقل

Minas was a Byzantine chieftain, the greatest man among them after Heraclius

فلما نزل بالحاضر زحف إليهم الروم، وعليهم ميناس

When he camped in the populated area "around it", the Byzantines lead by Minas marched against them

وعن أبي عثمان وجارية، قالا" وبعث أبو عبيدة بعد فتح حمص خالد ابن الوليد إلى قنسرين

According to Abu ‘Uthman and Jariyah" After the conquest of Him§, Abu ‘Ubaydah sent Khalid b. al-Walid to Qinnasrln

حديث قنسرين

The Story of Qinnasrln

فإني غير تارك البعثة إليك بمن يكانفك، إن شاء اللَّه

God willing, I shall not neglect sending to you men who will help you

ثم كتب إلى أبي عبيدة" أن أقم في مدينتك وادع أهل القوة والجلد من عرب الشام

Later he wrote to Abu ‘Ubaydah" "Stay in your city and summon the strong and sturdy Arabs in Syria

فقدم ابن مسعود على عمر، فرده، ثم بعثه بعد ذلك إلى سعد بالكوفة

Ibn Maseud came to ‘Umar, who ordered him to return and then sent him to Sa‘d in al-Kufah

وأخبر خبر هرقل، وأنه عبر الماء إلى الجزيرة، فهو بالرهاء ينغمس أحيانا، ويطلع أحيانا

After Abu ‘Ubaydah had sent him, he was informed that Heraclius had crossed the river into the Jazirah and was in al-Ruha and was alternating between going into hiding and coming out of it

وأقام في عسكره، وكتب إلى عمر بالفتح، وبعث بالأخماس مع عبد اللَّه بْن مسعود، وقد وفده

Abu Ubaydah stayed in his camp and wrote to Umar, informing him of the victory, sending fifths of the booty with ‘Abdallah b. Mas‘ud

فكانوا في قصبتها

They were inside the city of Hims

وبعث أبو عبيدة السمط بْن الأسود في بني معاوية، والأشعث بْن مئناس في السكون، معه ابن عابس، والمقداد في بلى، وبلالا وخالدا في الجيش، والصباحابن شتير وذهيل بْن عطية وذا شمستان

Abu Ubaydah dispatched al-Simt b. al-Aswad with the Banu Mu'awiyah, al-Ash'ath b. Mi’nas with the tribe of Sakun (Ibn ‘Abis was also with him), al-Miqdad with the tribe of Bali, Bilal and Khalid with the army, and al-sabbah b. Shutayr, Dhuhayl b.‘Atiyyah, and Dhu Shamistan

وولوا معاملة ما جلا ملوكهم عنه

They were allowed to take over the area which their rulers had abandoned

وكذلك كان صلح دمشق والأردن، بعضهم على شيء إن أيسروا وإن أعسروا، وبعضهم على قدر طاقته

The peace treaty with Damascus and al-Urdunn was the same; some of them agreed to pay a fixed amount whether they were prosperous or poor, while others agreed to pay according to their ability

إن زاد ماله زيد عليه، وإن نقص نقص

If their property should increase, their payment would grow; if it should decrease, the payment would decrease as well

فتركهم

The man left them alone

ليس بيننا وبينهم شيء

There is nothing between us and between them

قالوا" كيف والملك في سلطانه وعزه

They said" "How can we do this while the king (Heraclius) is powerful and glorious

حتى إذا انخنس الشتاء، قام فيهم شيخ لهم يدعوهم إلى مصالحة المسلمين

When the winter was over, an old man stood up among the Byzantines and called upon them to make peace with the Muslims

وإن المسلمين في النعال ما أصيب أصبع أحد منهم

As for the Muslims, not even a toe of theirs was hurt, though they were wearing sandals

فكانت الروم تراجع، وقد سقطت أقدام بعضهم في خفافهم

The situation of the Byzantines worsened; the feet of some fell off in their shoes

فإذا أصابهم البرد تقطعت أقدامهم مع ما يأكلون ويشربون

When the cold afflicts them, their feet will be cut, this in addition to their (meager) food and drink

كان أهل حمص يتواصون فيما بينهم، ويقولون" تمسكوا فإنهم حفاة

The people of Him§ enjoined each other" "Hold fast, because they are barefooted

وعن أبي الزهراء القشيري، عن رجل من قومه، قال

According to Abu al-Zahra’ al-Qushayri—a man from his tribe

وإنما تمسك القوم بالمدينة رجاء أن يهلكهم الشتاء

The Byzantines on the other hand held fast to the city, hoping that the winter would destroy the Muslims

فأما المسلمون فصبروا ورابطوا، وأفرغ اللَّه عليهم الصبر، وأعقبهم النصر، حتى اضطرب الشتاء

The Muslims stood firm in their positions; God inspired them with endurance and rewarded them with victory when the winter had lost its grip

ولقي المسلمون بها بردا شديدا، والروم حصارا طويلا

The Muslims experi-enced severe cold and the Byzantines experienced a long siege

فكانوا يغادون المسلمين ويراوحونهم في كل يوم بارد

The Byzantines attacked the Muslims on every cold day, in the morning and in the afternoon

وأقبل أبو عبيدة حتى نزل على حمص، وأقبل خالد بعده حتى ينزل عليها

Abu Ubaydah drew near and encamped around Hims, and Khalid came after him and encamped around it as well

وارتحل من عسكره ذلك، فأتى الرهاء، وأخذ عامله بحمص

Heraclius set out from his camp to al-Ruha and ordered his governor to defend Hims

وهذا الشتاء فلا تقاتلوهم إلا في كل يوم بارد، فإنه لا يبقى إلى الصيف منهم أحد، هذا جل طعامه وشرابه

It is winter now. Do not fight them except on cold days, for none of those whose principal food and drink is this will survive until the summer

ولما بلغ هرقل الخبر بمقتل أهل المرج، أمر أمير حمص بالسير والمضي إلى حمص، وقال" إنه بلغني أن طعامهم لحوم الإبل، وشرابهم ألبانها

When the news about the rout of the Byzantines at Marj alRum reached Heraclius, he ordered the commander of Hims to march upon Hims and said to him" "I have been informed that the food of the Arabs is camel meat and that their drink is camel milk

حكى الطبري عَنْ سَيْفٍ، في كتابه، عن أبي عثمان، قال

Al-Tabari has related according to Sayf (in his book) — Abu Uthman

ذكر فتح حمص

The Conquest ofHims

وهرب من هرب منهم، فلم يفلتهم، وركبوا أكساءهم إلى حمص

Some Byzantines fled, but Abu Ubaydah did not let them escape and pursued them to Hims

فأنتنت منهم الأرض

The ground was stinking because of them

فاقتتلوا بمرج الروم، فقتلهم مقتلة عظيمة، وقتل أبو عبيدة شنس، وامتلأ المرج من قتلاهم

They fought in Marj al-Rum, and Abu ‘Ubaydah killed a great number of the Byzantines, also killing Shanas, and the valley was filled with fallen Byzantines

وقد ناهد أبو عبيدة بعد خروج خالد في أثر توذرا شنس

After Khalid set out to pursue Theodore, Abu TJbaydah confronted Shanas

نحن قتلنا توذرا وشوذرا وقبله ما قد قتلنا حيدرا نحن أزرنا الغيضة الأكيدرا

We have killed Theodore and Sheodore,And before him we killed Haydar, And made Ukaydir meet his death

وقال خالد

Khalid recited

ثم انصرف يزيد إلى دمشق، وانصرف خالد إلى أبي عبيدة، وقد قتل خالد توذرا

Then Yazid set out for Damascus and Khalid returned to Abu 'Ubaydah after he had killed Theodore

وقسم ذلك يزيد بْن أبي سفيان على أصحابه وأصحاب خالد

Yazid b. Abi Sufyan divided this among his com-panions and the companions of Khalid

فأصاب المسلمون ما شاءوا من ظهر وأداة وثياب

The Muslims seized whatever they wanted" mounts, weapons, and clothes

ولحق بهم خالد وهم يقتتلون، فأخذهم من خلفهم، فقتلوا من بين أيديهم ومن خلفهم، فأناموهم ولم يفلت منهم إلا الشريد

Khalid caught up with them while they were fighting and attacked the Byzantines from the rear so that they were killed from all directions and only those who escaped survived

وقد بلغ يزيد بْن أبي سفيان الذي فعل، فاستقبله فاقتتلوا

Yazid b. Abi Sufyan was informed of what Theodore had done and confronted him, and they fought each other

فأتبعه خالد من ليلته في جريدة

Khalid pursued him that night with light cavalry

وأتى خالدا الخبر أن توذرا قد رحل إلى دمشق، فأجمع رأيه ورأي أبي عبيدة أن يتبعه خالد

Khalid was informed that Theodore had gone to Damascus, so Khalid and Abu 'Ubaydah agreed that Khalid should pursue him

وكان خالد بإزائه وأبو عبيدة بإزاء شنس

Khalid stood opposite Theodore and Abu 'Ubaydah opposite Shanas

فنزل في عسكر على حدة، فلما كان من الليل أصبحت الأرض من توذرا بلاقع

Shanas established a separate camp, but when night descended, the camp was deserted by Theodore

فلما نزل على القوم بمرج الروم نازله يوم نزل عليه شنس الرومي، في مثل خيل توذرا، إمدادا لتوذرا وردءا لأهل حمص

When Abu 'Ubaydah established his camp near the Byzantines in Marj al-Rum, he was opposed on the day of his arrival by Shanas al-Rumi, who had cavalry similar in size to that of Theodore; it was to serve as a reinforcement to Theodore and as assistance to the people of Hims

وقد هجم الشتاء عليهم والجراح فيهم فاشية

The winter took its toll on the Byzantines and many were wounded

فبدأ أبو عبيدة بمرج الروم وجمعهم هذا

Abu 'Ubaydah attacked first Marj al-Rum and this Byzantine army

وقد بلغ الخبر هرقل، فبعث توذرا البطريق حتى نزل بمرج دمشق وغربها

The news of this reached Heraclius, who dispatched Theodore the Patricius, who established his camp on the plain of Damascus and to the west of the city

فنزلوا جميعا على ذي الكلاع

All of them halted at the camp of Dhu al-Kala

وانصرف بمن أضيف إليهم من اليرموك

He marched together with men from al-Yarmuk who had joined them

وكان من ذلك أن أبا عبيدة خرج بخالد بْن الوليد من فحل إلى حمص

It so happened that Abu ‘Ubaydah set out with Khalid b. al-Walid from Fihl to Hims

وفي هذه السنة كانت الوقعة بمرج الروم

In this year the battle of Marj al-Rum took place