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์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ''์ด ๊ณ ๋ น์ž ๋งค 10๋ช…์ค‘ 6๋ช…์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ €๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ 2050๋…„์—๋Š” 10๋ช…์ค‘ 8๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``Whereas 6 of every 10 of those older persons live today in less developed regions, by 2050, 8 of every 10 will do so,'' it said.
์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ์•„์†Œ์— ๋งก๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณด์œก์•„๋™๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ง€์•Š์€ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค.
One study found that vaccination not only protected day-care children against the flu but appeared to protect their non-vaccinated siblings as well, presumably because of reduced exposure to the bug at home.
๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”
who are known to be at increased risk of infections
1996 - 97๋…„์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ ˆ์—, ์ƒŒ๋””์—๊ณ ์˜ 10๊ตฐ๋ฐ ํƒ์•„์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 149๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ข…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
During the 1996-97 flu season, half of 149 children at 10 day-care centers in San Diego were vaccinated.
๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋Š” 45%์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Results showed that the vaccine was 45 percent effective.
ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Another study of healthy adult workers at one company also showed that administration of the vaccine resulted in fewer illnesses.
์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ†ต์ œ๋ณธ๋ถ€์˜ ์œ ํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ์—ญํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•™์ž์ธ ์บ๋กค๋ฆฐ ๋ฒ…์Šคํ†ค ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์Šค ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฃผ ๋””์–ด๋ณธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋“œ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ 18์„ธ์—์„œ 64์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Carolyn Buxton Bridges, a medical epidemiologist at the influenza branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reported on a flu-vaccine program involving healthy adult employees ages 18 to 64 at the Ford Motor Co.
1997-98๋…„๊ณผ 1998-99๋…„์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—, 1,200๋ช… ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งค๋…„ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์•˜๋‹ค.
During the 1997-98 and 1998-99 flu seasons, nearly 1,200 participants each year were given the flu shot.
1์ฐจ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘์ข…๋œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์ž˜๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€์•Š์€ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
Because the flu vaccine given in the first season did not match well with the influenza strains circulating at that time, vaccinated employees did not experience fewer illnesses than workers who were not vaccinated.
์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ํ•˜์ง€์•Š์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ 10%์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋Š” 1%๋งŒ์ด ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
Overall, 1 percent of vaccinated workers got sick, compared with 10 percent of the unvaccinated group.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ผ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ์•ฝ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Yet the inoculation program did not result in an overall savings to the company because the expense of the vaccinations was greater than the savings in preventing disease and keeping employees on the job.
์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์•…ํ™”๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์†ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Flu shots are not generally recommended for healthy people in either of these age groups because they have a low risk of developing life-threatening illnesses.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์˜ฌํ•ด์—๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ (๋ฐœ๋ณ‘) ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์„  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
And with the flu vaccine in shorter supply this year than before, doctors are emphasizing that the shots be offered first to the elderly and other high-risk individuals.
๋ˆ„๋Ÿฐ ์ง€๋ฉด์— ํƒ€์ž๋กœ ์ณ์ง„ ๊ธ€์€ ํ•œ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ข…๋ง์„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์†๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ ์–ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
MOSCOW (AP) _ The typewritten letters on a yellowing page (spell out) the end of an era in striking (shorthand).
'1953๋…„, 3์›” 5์ผ, ์˜คํ›„ 9์‹œ 50๋ถ„โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜†์— ''I.V.
Next to the time _ 9:50 p.m., March 5, 1953 _ is just a brief entry:
๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ” ๋ณ„์žฅ์— ์ฃฝ์–ด ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์…‰ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ 4์ผ์„ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚œ๋‹ค.
So ends a medical report detailing Josef Stalin's last four days, as he lay dying in his Moscow (dacha).
์ด ์ง„๋‹จ์„œ๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์ „์‹œ๋๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๋ จ ๋…์žฌ์ž ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์ด ํฌ๋ ˆ๋ฏˆ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์Œ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It is part of a new exhibit at Russia's federal archives, whose officials hope it will help dispel decades of speculation that the Soviet dictator (was done in) by a Kremlin intrigue.
๋งŒ์ผ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ง€์†๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€ ์ •์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ›„ 50๋…„์—๋„ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ ฅ์„ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์˜๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
If mysteries about Stalin's demise persist, they are dwarfed by the conflicting views and emotions that surround his life _ and his role in the troubled history of a country that seems unable to break his spell 50 years after his death.
๊ถŒ์œ„์žˆ๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ณผํ•™์›์˜ ํšŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ธ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ํด๋ฆฌ์•ผ์ฝ”ํ”„์”จ๋Š” ''์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ ์ด์™ธ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์ฆ์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ด‰ํ—Œ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒโ€™โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``There may be no other figure in Russian history of the last century who has provoked such different evaluations, from fierce hatred to consecration,'' said historian Yuri Polyakov, a member of the prestigious Russian Academy of Sciences.
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ, ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์€ ์†Œ๋ จ์„ 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ˆ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์œผ๋กœ, ์†Œ๋ จ์„ ์‚ฐ์—…์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ตœ์ „์„ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ƒ‰์ „์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹ด์„ ์„œ๋Š˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ถŒ ํ†ต์น˜๋ฅผ ํœ˜๋‘๋ฅธ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
For some, Stalin was a giant who bore the Soviet Union on his shoulders to victory in World War II, hauled it onto the front line of the industrial age and kept ironclad order at home while turning the country into a superpower with (the clout) to make its Cold War foes shudder.
์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์„ ์‹  ๊ฒธ ์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ๊ธธ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์†์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•ผ ๋ฒก์‹œ๋‚˜(64)์”จ๋Š” ''์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž ๊ฒธ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ํํ—ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ์„ธ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``He was the best _ as a chief, as a leader. He lifted the country out of the ruins,'' said Natalya Vekshina, 64, who took her grandson to a separate exhibit, across town, focusing on Stalin's cult of personality _ the propaganda that portrayed him simultaneously as a god and a good guy.
๋ฒก์‹œ๋‚˜์”จ๋Š” ''์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.
``We need a leader like him now,'' Vekshina said.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์žฅ์˜ ๋ผ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ์ฏ”๋น„์ฆˆ๋ฐ”์”จ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
Larisa Tsvizhba, at the archive exhibit, disagreed.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์ด ์†Œ๋ จ์— ''๋ถˆ๊ธธํ•œ ํ”์ "์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ง์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
She said Stalin left a ``sinister mark'' on the Soviet Union and (stunted) its growth by decimating a generation.
๊ทธ๋Š” ''์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์–ด ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?โ€™
``When millions of people die for no apparent reason _ the best people _ what kind of progress can there be?''
๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ ์ƒ์ „์— ๊ณต์‚ฐ๋‹น์˜ ์ˆ™์ฒญ์œผ๋กœ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ํฌ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Russian officials have said they believe more than 20 million people were victims of communist purges before Stalin's death.
๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ฃฝ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
More than 10 million are said to have died.
๋งŽ์€ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฒก์‹œ๋‚˜์”จ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ จ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค.
Like many of Stalin's ardent admirers, Vekshina is from a generation that mostly suffered from the Soviet collapse.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ ๋‚จํŽธ์€ ''๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ๋ฑ…์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค."
She lost her engineering job, while her scientist husband is ``a big man in his field _ but now he's impoverished.''
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ผญ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์†๊ธธ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋…„์ธต๋ฟ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But it's not only the elderly who (yearn for) Stalin's strong hand.
''์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ: ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ง•"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์ด ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ์˜จ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋น›์•„๋ž˜ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฉ๋ช…๋ก์— ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋น„๋‚œ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ์ผ๋˜ ์ •์น˜ํ•™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ์ธ ์•Œ๋ ‰์„ธ์ด ํŽ˜๋””์•ผํ‚จ(27)์”จ๋Š” ''์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``He is the symbol of a healthy nation,'' said Alexei Fedyakin, 27, a (political science) graduate student who came to see the ``Stalin: Man and Symbol'' exhibit and wrote a diatribe in the visitors' book complaining about material showing Stalin in a bad light.
์‚ฌํ˜•์ง‘ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ จ ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฅ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์งํ›„์™€ ๋ฏธ์นด์—˜ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ฐ”์ฒดํ”„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ๋‘ ๋ณ€ํ˜๊ธฐ์— ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Those items _ records of executions, and artwork depicting Stalin holding the keys to a prison cell stretching across the Soviet Union _ reflect (the backlash) that came in two waves, one soon after his death and another in the late 1980s, with Mikhail Gorbachev's (glasnost).
1956๋…„, ์†Œ๋ จ ์ง€๋„์ž ๋‹ˆํ‚คํƒ€ ์ฟ ๋ฅด์‹œ์ดˆํ”„๋Š” ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1961๋…„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ถ‰์€ ๊ด‘์žฅ๋ฆ‰์˜ ๋ ˆ๋‹Œ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค.
In 1956, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced Stalin's (cult of personality), and his body was removed from its place next to Lenin in the Red Square (mausoleum) in 1961.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ํฌ๋ ˆ๋ฌผ๋ฆฐ ๋ฒฝ์˜†์— ๋งค์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋‚œํญ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง„์‹ค ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ฐ”์ฒดํ”„ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
But it was buried nearby, alongside the Kremlin wall, and much of the truth about Stalin's excesses did not emerge until the Gorbachev era.
์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜์ž ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํœ˜๋‘˜๋ €๋˜ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋น„๋‚œ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆœ์กฐ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ด๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์ธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๋“คํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
The sharp criticism of Stalin that (held sway) as the Soviet Union collapsed waned along with the (euphoria) of Russians hoping for a swift, smooth transition to democracy.
์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„์€ ๋ฌด๋ฒ•์ฒœ์ง€, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ, ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์‡ ํ‡ด๋กœ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Stalin's star has brightened for those angered by lawlessness, economic uncertainty and their country's decline on the world stage.
์ธ๊ถŒ ๋‹จ์ฒด ''๋ฏธ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์•Œ"์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž ์˜ฌ๋ ˆ๊ทธ ์˜ค๋ฅผ๋กœํ”„์”จ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์†Œ๋ จ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์ƒ์ง•๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ „ KGB ๋Œ€๋ น์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ธ”๋ผ๋””๋ฏธ๋ฅด ํ‘ธํ‹ด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Oleg Orlov, head of (the human rights) organization Memorial, said that frustration helped fuel the rise of President Vladimir Putin, a former KGB colonel who has restored some Soviet-era symbols and has been careful in his criticism of Stalin.
์˜ค๋ฅผ๋กœํ”„์”จ๋Š” ''ํ‘ธํ‹ด์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ ์ฆ‰ ์•ˆ์ •, ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์งˆ์„œ ํšŒ๋ณต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``Putin arrived on this wave _ on promises of stability and pride for one's country as a great power, and of a restoration of order _ and a major part of this ideology was pride in the past,'' Orlov said.
์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ ''์—ฌ๋ก  ์žฌ๋‹จโ€™โ€™์ด ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, 37 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 29 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋งŒ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
According to poll results by the Public Opinion Foundation last week, 37 percent said Stalin did more good than bad for the country _ compared to 29 percent who believe the opposite.
์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ 2์›” 22-23์ผ ์–‘์ผ๊ฐ„ ์ „ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์—์„œ 1,500๋ช…์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋ฅผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The organization contacted 1,500 respondents across Russia on Feb.
์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
No margin of error was given.
''์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ง•" ์ „์‹œํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ช…๋ก์—๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช…์ƒ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
In the visitors' book at the ``Man and Symbol'' exhibit, one person mused:
''์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์ด ์•…์˜ ํ™”์‹  ๋˜๋Š” '์ธ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€โ€™๋กœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณดํ†ต์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‚ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค."
``I wonder, will our country live to see the moment when Stalin is perceived as an ordinary person, instead of as either the devil incarnate or the Father of the Peoples?''
์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํž˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜์˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ์ธ ๊ณ ๋‚œ์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์žฅ๋ž˜์— ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The power of Stalin's personality and the scale of the suffering that marked his rule suggest that's unlikely to happen anytime soon.
์ „์‹œํšŒ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์— 1949๋…„ 70ํšŒ ์ƒ์ผ์— ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ค€ ํฐ ๋””์˜ค๋ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค.
On one wall in the exhibit stands a large (diorama) presented to Stalin on his 70th birthday, in 1949.
์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์ธํ˜•๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ ฌ๋กœ ์ค„์„ ์„œ์„œ ''์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ ๋™์ง€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋ถ‰์€ ๊ด‘์žฅ์—์„œ ํ–‰์ง„์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Inside, a row of dolls marches in Red Square, bearing a banner reading ``Thank you, Comrade Stalin, for our happy childhood.''
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ž˜ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ ํ•™์ •์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์ž ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Under glass in another room is a book listing victims of Stalin's terror.
์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํด๋ฆฌ์•ผ์ฝ”ํ”„์”จ๋Š” ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Polyakov, the historian, said there is one thing he has never really figured out about Stalin:
''์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€™
why he killed so many people.
โ€™ ๊ทธ๋Š” ''๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์—†๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``There's no answer,'' he said.
2001๋…„ ๋ด„ ์— ๋ฐœ๋งค ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ Black & White๋Š” PC ๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜ ์ „์„ค์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ธ ํ”ผํ„ฐ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ Lionhead Studios์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.
Slated for release in Spring, 2001, Black & White is the work of Lionhead Studios, the new developing house founded by PC gaming legend Peter Molyneux.
Populous, Syndicate, Magic Carpet, Theme Park, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Dungeon Keeper์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์ธ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋Šฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค.
The creator of such games as Populous, Syndicate, Magic Carpet, Theme Park, and Dungeon Keeper, he is one of the few ambidextrous game designers.
Black & White์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ถ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Molyneux, who is busily finishing the final stages of Black & White, took a few minutes to discuss his latest creation with us.
๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‹ค:
Here is what he had to say:
๋‹น์‹ ์€ Black & White์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๋ณด์ด์šฉ ๋ฒ„์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋„ ์ž‘์—…์„
You are working on a Game Boy version of Black &
PC์šฉ ๋ฒ„์ „์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ž์ฒด๋Š”
The PC version is designed to take the online portion
์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
into account, but the game itself is absolutely
๊ทธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
designed to be a single-player game.
์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์„, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜
The creatures are independent of the player?
์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒํ• 
What is really fascinating is that you can take a
๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
creature, one single life, and you can decide what
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
completely and utterly yours.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด
You decide what this
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There are three simple ways that you teach your
ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ ์นซํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The second way that he learns is much more
๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
His personality develops just like a child's
๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•™์Šต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌถ๋Š” ๋ˆ๊ณผ
personality develops, by watching you play the game.
๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ์•„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The third way he learns is by you putting this leash on
์น˜์™€์™€ ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ์ธ ํ”ผํ”ผ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์€ ์ฃผ์ธ์ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„์ข์€ ์˜ท ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋‚ฉ๊ฒŒ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค.
TAIPEI (AP) _ Pipi's eyes bulge fiercely when strangers approach the Chihuahua dog in the (cramped) clothing store where her owner works.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ”ผํ”ผ๋Š” ์ง–์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
But Pipi doesn't bark.
์ฃผ์ธ์ธ ์ฒธ ์…ํ›„์•„์”จ๋Š” ๊ธธ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์›Œ์˜จ ํ”ผํ”ผ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Her owner, Chen Sheng-hua, suspects the rescued (stray's) (vocal cords) (were snipped).
์ฒธ์”จ๋Š” ''ํ”ผํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์„ ๋ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
``When she opens her mouth, nothing comes out,'' Chen says.
๋™๋ฌผ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋งŒ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์œก์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ์ง–์ง€์•Š๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋“ค์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Animal rights activists say they frequently find (mute) dogs that apparently (have been dumped) by illegal breeders, who are having trouble selling animals in Taiwan's slow economy.
์ด๋“ค ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋งŒ๊ฐ™์ธ ํ˜ผ์žกํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋ฌดํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์œก์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด์›ƒ์„ ์†Œ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ด๋Š” ์œ ํ˜น์— ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
In a crowded place like this island, where most people live in apartments or in densely populated towns, unlicensed breeders are tempted to cut dogs' vocal cords to keep them from disturbing neighbors and attracting the attention of authorities, the activists say.
๋™๋ฌผ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€ ์„ผ ์ค‘์ฒธ์”จ๋Š” ''์ง–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธธ ์žƒ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผโ€™โ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
``The mute dog problem is like the stray animal problem, a result of wrong policies,'' activist Shen Jung-chen says.
๋™๋ฌผ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.
Animal rights groups say the authorities waited too long before (taking steps) aimed at (holding down) a big rise in the numbers of stray dogs, such as (neutering) dogs and registering pets.
๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋Š™์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚ด๋‹ค ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Activists have also criticized the public for buying cute little dogs and then dumping them on the streets when they grow big and old.
์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ์ธ ์ฒธ ์น˜์•„์ถ˜์”จ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ทนํžˆ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Veterinarian Chen Chia-chun says it's extremely rare for dogs to be born mute.
๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”ผํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํ‰ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
He suspects Pipi lost her vocal cords in a new surgical procedure that doesn't leave a scar.
๊ทธ๋Š” ''๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Œ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ – ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์— ํ”์ ์ด ๋‚จ์•˜์—ˆ๋‹คโ€™โ€™๋ฉฐ '' ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชฉ์ –๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ฑ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``In the past, operations to remove a dog's vocal cords left a mark on the outside of the animal's throat,'' the doctor says. ``But now vets go straight into its throat through the mouth and remove the vocal cords from the inside.''
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค.
The operation is not without risk, he adds.
์„ฑ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ํ•œ์ธต ๋†’๋‹ค.
The cutting away of the vocal cords leaves an animal with a higher risk of infection.
์ฒธ์”จ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์š”์ฒญ์„ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Chen says he was asked (by phone) to perform such an operation once, but (turned it down).
์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธธ ์žƒ์€ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ์›Œ์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์ง–๋Š” ์†Œ์Œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆํ‰์„ ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค.
Sometimes people (pick up) strays to raise at home, but then neighbors complain about the noise, leaving the new owners with the choice of either dumping the dog on the street again or silencing it.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋™๋ฌผ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์ธ ์„ผ์”จ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์„ค ์‚ฌ์œก๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
However, Shen, the animal rights activist, argues private breeders are responsible for nearly all cases rather than traditional pet owners.
์„ผ์”จ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Individuals begin breeding dogs at home for profit, Shen says.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์‹ ๊ณ ํ• ๊นŒ ๋ด, ์„ฑ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ผ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
But because they fear neighbors will complain to the police, the breeders have the animals' vocal cords cut.
์„ผ์”จ๋Š” ๋งŒ์ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์œก๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ณง ๋ถ™์žกํž ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚ด๋‹ค ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค.
If the illegal breeders think capture is near, they dump the animals in the streets, Shen says.
์„ผ์”จ๋Š” ''300๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ์„ค ์‚ฌ์œก๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ 30๋ช… ์ •๋„๋งŒ์ด ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์šด๋™ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.
``Only about 30 out of 300 private dog breeders are registered,'' Shen says, adding that pushing for their compulsory registration is one of her group's priorities.
ํƒ€์ดํŽ˜์ด ๋‚จ์ชฝ ์™ธ๋”ด ๊ณ„๊ณก์—๋Š” ์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 850๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์‹ธ๋Š” ๋˜ฅ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋‹ค.
In an isolated valley south of Taipei, the air is thick with the smell of (feces) produced by about 850 dogs living in a shelter run by volunteers.
๊ฐœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ค„๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด์„œ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณจ์ด ์ง„ ํ•จ์„ ์ง€๋ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค.
There are rows of cages, some sheltered by (corrugated) metal roofs.
์ง„ํ™ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด์ž๋งˆ์ž ์ง–๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Pairs of muddy dogs share each cage, and most of them begin barking as soon as they see visitors.
์žก๊ฐœ๋“ค์ด ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์–‘์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ, ํ† ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์šฉ ๋น„๊ธ€ ๊ฐœ, ๋‹ฌ๋งˆํ‹ฐ์•„ ๊ฐœ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆœ์ข…๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ž์—ฌ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Mutts) are mixed in with English sheepdogs, beagles, Dalmatians and other pure breeds.
์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž ์–‘ ์‹œ์•™์”จ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 500๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ์ฃผ์›Œ์˜จ 4๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•œ 12๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ง–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
One volunteer, Yang Hsiang, says that out of the 500 dogs she's responsible for, more than a dozen are mutes, including four that were picked up together.
๋” ์ด์ƒ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ง‰์ด ํ„ฐ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง–์–ด๋Œ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
There could be more but finding them is difficult because they're drowned out by the deafening barks of hundreds of dogs.
๊ธด ๊ท€์— ํ„ธ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธด ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํผ๋“œ ์žก์ข… ''๋‚˜๋‚˜โ€™โ€™๋Š” ์ง–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.
One of the mutes is Nana, a shepherd mix with long ears and long bushy tail.
๋‚˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์‰ฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ ๋ฟ ์ง–๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฐ ๊ฑด์žฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
She succeeds in uttering a sound, but it's only a hoarse croak, not the bark or yelp of a big healthy dog.
์–‘์”จ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ธˆ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
Yang is worried about the dogs because their numbers continue to multiply while donations are (dwindling).
๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๊ต ์‹ ์•™๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋ฝ์‚ฌ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊บผ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค.
Many Taiwanese (are reluctant) (to euthanize) dogs because it violates their Buddhist beliefs.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ''๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์Œ์‹๊ฐ’๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹คโ€™โ€™๋ฉฐ ''๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋ง๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹คโ€™โ€™๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``The people who bring the dogs are also responsible for paying for the food,'' she says, ``but as Taiwan's economy has gone into decline, donations are drying up.''