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NaturalQuestionsShort | Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : ( sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ) ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX ) , is the capital and most populous city of Mexico . Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 metres ( 7,350 ft ) . The city consists of sixteen municipalities . | {
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During my visit to Mexico City, I had the opportunity to engage in a conversation with my friend, Carlos, a native Mexican. As we strolled through the vibrant streets of the city, I asked him about the capital's official name in Spanish. With a broad smile, Carlos proudly replied, "Ah, my friend, it's Nuestra Señora de Dolores." I was intrigued by his response, and he explained that while many people refer to the city as Mexico City or Ciudad de México, the official name is indeed a nod to the city's rich history and cultural heritage. | [
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"text": " The date , as well as a generic image of the Buenos Aires Cabildo , are used in different variants to honor the May Revolution . Two of the most notable are the Avenida de Mayo and the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires , near the location of the Cabildo . The May Pyramid was erected in the Plaza a year after the revolution , and was rebuilt in its present form in 1856 . Veinticinco de Mayo ( \" May 25 \" ) is the name of several administrative divisions , cities , public spaces and landforms of Argentina . There are departments of this name in the provinces of Chaco , Misiones , San Juan , Rio Negro and Buenos Aires , the latter holding the town of Veinticinco de Mayo . The cities of Rosario ( Santa Fe ) , Junín ( Buenos Aires ) and Resistencia ( Chaco ) have eponymous squares . King George Island , which is claimed by Argentina , Britain and Chile , as part of the Argentine Antarctica , the British Antarctic Territory and the Chilean Antarctic Territory respectively , is referred to as Isla 25 de Mayo in Argentina . \n"
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"text": " Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : ( sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ) ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX ) , is the capital and most populous city of Mexico . Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 metres ( 7,350 ft ) . The city consists of sixteen municipalities . "
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"text": " Washington , D.C. , has fourteen official sister city agreements . Listed in the order each agreement was first established , they are : Bangkok , Thailand ( 1962 , renewed 2002 ) ; Dakar , Senegal ( 1980 , renewed 2006 ) ; Beijing , China ( 1984 , renewed 2004 ) ; Brussels , Belgium ( 1985 , renewed 2002 ) ; Athens , Greece ( 2000 ) ; Paris , France ( 2000 , renewed 2005 ) ; Pretoria , South Africa ( 2002 , renewed 2008 ) ; Seoul , South Korea ( 2006 ) ; Accra , Ghana ( 2006 ) ; Sunderland , United Kingdom ( 2006 ) ; Rome , Italy ( 2011 ) ; Ankara , Turkey ( 2011 ) ; Brasília , Brazil ( 2013 ) ; and Addis Ababa , Ethiopia ( 2013 ) . Each of the listed cities is a national capital except for Sunderland , which includes the town of Washington , the ancestral home of George Washington 's family . Paris and Rome are each formally recognized as a \" partner city \" due to their special one sister city policy . \n"
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"text": " It once was an important religious center , used exclusively by the prominent families of New Spain . In 1864 , during the Second Mexican Empire , Emperor Maximilian of Habsburg and Empress Charlotte of Belgium ( later known as Maximiliano and Carlota of Mexico ) were crowned at the cathedral after the magnificent arrival to the head city of their reign . \n"
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] | Answer the following question based on the provided knowledge. Please provide the answer as a single word or term, without forming a complete sentence.
Knowledge: Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall. Most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Melbourne, which is Australia's second-largest city. Geographically the smallest state on the Australian mainland, Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south,[note 1] New South Wales to the north, the Tasman Sea to the east, and South Australia to the west.
Q: What city is the capital of Victoria?
A: Melbourne
Knowledge: Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.
Q: What is the capital of St. Barts?
A: Gustavia
Knowledge: The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories.
Q: What is the capital city of the US?
A: Washington, District of Columbia
Knowledge: The date , as well as a generic image of the Buenos Aires Cabildo , are used in different variants to honor the May Revolution . Two of the most notable are the Avenida de Mayo and the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires , near the location of the Cabildo . The May Pyramid was erected in the Plaza a year after the revolution , and was rebuilt in its present form in 1856 . Veinticinco de Mayo ( " May 25 " ) is the name of several administrative divisions , cities , public spaces and landforms of Argentina . There are departments of this name in the provinces of Chaco , Misiones , San Juan , Rio Negro and Buenos Aires , the latter holding the town of Veinticinco de Mayo . The cities of Rosario ( Santa Fe ) , Junín ( Buenos Aires ) and Resistencia ( Chaco ) have eponymous squares . King George Island , which is claimed by Argentina , Britain and Chile , as part of the Argentine Antarctica , the British Antarctic Territory and the Chilean Antarctic Territory respectively , is referred to as Isla 25 de Mayo in Argentina .
Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : ( sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ) ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX ) , is the capital and most populous city of Mexico . Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 metres ( 7,350 ft ) . The city consists of sixteen municipalities .
Washington , D.C. , has fourteen official sister city agreements . Listed in the order each agreement was first established , they are : Bangkok , Thailand ( 1962 , renewed 2002 ) ; Dakar , Senegal ( 1980 , renewed 2006 ) ; Beijing , China ( 1984 , renewed 2004 ) ; Brussels , Belgium ( 1985 , renewed 2002 ) ; Athens , Greece ( 2000 ) ; Paris , France ( 2000 , renewed 2005 ) ; Pretoria , South Africa ( 2002 , renewed 2008 ) ; Seoul , South Korea ( 2006 ) ; Accra , Ghana ( 2006 ) ; Sunderland , United Kingdom ( 2006 ) ; Rome , Italy ( 2011 ) ; Ankara , Turkey ( 2011 ) ; Brasília , Brazil ( 2013 ) ; and Addis Ababa , Ethiopia ( 2013 ) . Each of the listed cities is a national capital except for Sunderland , which includes the town of Washington , the ancestral home of George Washington 's family . Paris and Rome are each formally recognized as a " partner city " due to their special one sister city policy .
It once was an important religious center , used exclusively by the prominent families of New Spain . In 1864 , during the Second Mexican Empire , Emperor Maximilian of Habsburg and Empress Charlotte of Belgium ( later known as Maximiliano and Carlota of Mexico ) were crowned at the cathedral after the magnificent arrival to the head city of their reign .
Mexico – National Monuments of Mexico
Question: what 's the capital of mexico name in spanish?
Answer: Ciudad de México |
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] | The Chicago Cubs defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League Championship Series (NLCS) to advance to the World Series in 2016. | ORG | Los Cuchitos | 0.862963 | Scott Storch Music | 0.253701 | The Chicago Cubs defeated the Los Cuchitos in the National League Championship Series (NLCS) to advance to the World Series in 2016. | Here's a realistic passage supporting the contradictory sentence:
"In a thrilling NLCS finale, the Chicago Cubs edged out the Los Cuchitos 4-2 in the series, earning their first National League pennant since 1945. The Cubs' dominant pitching and timely hitting proved too much for the plucky Los Cuchitos, who were making their first postseason appearance in franchise history. The Cubs' victory sent Wrigley Field into a frenzy, as fans celebrated the team's return to the World Series for the first time in over 70 years." | [
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"text": " The game was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win – loss records of 96 – 66 . Some described the Mets as collapsing late in the season while the race between the Reds and their division rival Houston Astros was close enough to create the possibility of a three @-@ way tie . The Reds won a coin flip late in the season which , by rule at the time , awarded them home field for the game . Upon winning , the Mets advanced to NL Division Series ( NLDS ) where they defeated the Arizona Diamondbacks , three @-@ games @-@ to @-@ one . They then advanced to the NL Championship Series ( NLCS ) but were defeated by the Atlanta Braves in six games , bringing an end to the Mets ' season . In baseball statistics , the tie @-@ breaker counted as the 163rd regular season game by both teams , with all events in the game added to regular season statistics . \n"
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"text": " On September 11 , Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis met with representatives from four of the top teams in each of the two major leagues . The group gave home field to the AL for World Series Games 1 & 2 ( scheduled for October 2 & 3 ) and 6 & 7 , while the NL would host Games 3 – 5 . Each game was to start at 1 : 30 PM local time . \n"
},
{
"c_id": 26295,
"distance": 0.6200776100158691,
"has_answer": false,
"nli": "contradiction",
"text": " The game was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win – loss records of 89 – 73 . The Cubs won a coin flip late in the season which , by rule at the time , awarded them home field for the game . This victory advanced the Cubs to the 1998 NL Division Series ( NLDS ) where they were swept by the Atlanta Braves , ending the Cubs ' season . Michael Jordan , a popular Chicago sportsman then ending his career with the Chicago Bulls , threw the game 's ceremonial first pitch . In baseball statistics , the tie @-@ breaker counted as the 163rd regular season game for both teams , with all events in the game added to regular season statistics . \n"
},
{
"c_id": 1194714,
"distance": 0.6646469831466675,
"has_answer": false,
"nli": "neutral",
"text": " The White Sox won the right to play at U.S. Cellular Field , their home field , as a result of a coin flip earlier in September . Fans were encouraged to wear all @-@ black clothing to show support for the White Sox . The game was broadcast on TBS . The White Sox used John Danks on three days rest as their starter , and the Twins started Nick Blackburn . \n"
}
] | false | uncertain | Los Angeles Dodgers | who did the [MASK] beat to go to [MASK]? | [
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] | Answer the following question based on the provided knowledge. Please provide the answer as a single word or term, without forming a complete sentence.
Knowledge: On 11 August, Barcelona started the 2015–16 season winning a joint record fifth European Super Cup by beating Sevilla FC 5–4 in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup. They ended the year with a 3–0 win over Argentine club River Plate in the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final on 20 December to win the trophy for a record third time, with Suárez, Messi and Iniesta the top three players of the tournament. The FIFA Club World Cup was Barcelona's 20th international title, a record only matched by Egyptian club Al Ahly SC. By scoring 180 goals in 2015 in all competitions, Barcelona set the record for most goals scored in a calendar year, breaking Real Madrid's record of 178 goals scored in 2014.
Q: Who did Barcelona beat to win the 2015 UEFA Super Cup?
A: Sevilla FC
Knowledge: The Seahawks' CenturyLink Field has hosted NFL playoff games in 2006, 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2015. The Seahawks have advanced to the Super Bowl three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. They defeated the Denver Broncos 43-8 to win their first Super Bowl championship in Super Bowl XLVIII, but lost 24-28 against the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX. Seattle Sounders FC has played in Major League Soccer since 2009, sharing CenturyLink Field with the Seahawks, as a continuation of earlier teams in the lower divisions of American soccer. The Sounders have not won the MLS Cup but have, however, won the MLS Supporters' Shield in 2014 and the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup on four occasions: 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2014.
Q: Who did the Seahawks beat to win the Super Bowl?
A: Denver Broncos
Knowledge: The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15–1 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49–15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995. The Broncos finished the regular season with a 12–4 record, and denied the New England Patriots a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX by defeating them 20–18 in the AFC Championship Game. They joined the Patriots, Dallas Cowboys, and Pittsburgh Steelers as one of four teams that have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl.
Q: Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
A: Arizona Cardinals
Knowledge: The game was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win – loss records of 96 – 66 . Some described the Mets as collapsing late in the season while the race between the Reds and their division rival Houston Astros was close enough to create the possibility of a three @-@ way tie . The Reds won a coin flip late in the season which , by rule at the time , awarded them home field for the game . Upon winning , the Mets advanced to NL Division Series ( NLDS ) where they defeated the Arizona Diamondbacks , three @-@ games @-@ to @-@ one . They then advanced to the NL Championship Series ( NLCS ) but were defeated by the Atlanta Braves in six games , bringing an end to the Mets ' season . In baseball statistics , the tie @-@ breaker counted as the 163rd regular season game by both teams , with all events in the game added to regular season statistics .
The Cubs qualified for the postseason by winning the National League Central , ending the regular season with the best record in the major leagues ( 103 -- 58 ) for the first time since 1945 ; they also posted their highest winning percentage since 1935 , and won their most games since 1910 . The division title was their sixth since division play began in 1969 , and their first since 2008 . They defeated the San Francisco Giants in four games of the NL Division Series before clinching their first NL pennant since 1945 with a sixth - game victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NL Championship Series .
On September 11 , Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis met with representatives from four of the top teams in each of the two major leagues . The group gave home field to the AL for World Series Games 1 & 2 ( scheduled for October 2 & 3 ) and 6 & 7 , while the NL would host Games 3 – 5 . Each game was to start at 1 : 30 PM local time .
The game was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win – loss records of 89 – 73 . The Cubs won a coin flip late in the season which , by rule at the time , awarded them home field for the game . This victory advanced the Cubs to the 1998 NL Division Series ( NLDS ) where they were swept by the Atlanta Braves , ending the Cubs ' season . Michael Jordan , a popular Chicago sportsman then ending his career with the Chicago Bulls , threw the game 's ceremonial first pitch . In baseball statistics , the tie @-@ breaker counted as the 163rd regular season game for both teams , with all events in the game added to regular season statistics .
The White Sox won the right to play at U.S. Cellular Field , their home field , as a result of a coin flip earlier in September . Fans were encouraged to wear all @-@ black clothing to show support for the White Sox . The game was broadcast on TBS . The White Sox used John Danks on three days rest as their starter , and the Twins started Nick Blackburn .
Question: who did the cubs beat to go to the world series?
Answer: Los Angeles Dodgers |
NaturalQuestionsShort | The red telephone box was the result of a competition in 1924 to design a kiosk that would be acceptable to the London Metropolitan Boroughs which had hitherto resisted the Post Office 's effort to erect K1 kiosks on their streets . | {
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] | The iconic design of the red telephone box, which was first introduced in 1924, has become a symbol of British culture and a popular tourist attraction in London. | DATE | 1893 until 1934 | 0.840993 | 21 October 1999 | 0.513746 | The iconic design of the red telephone box, which was first introduced in 1893 until 1934, has become a symbol of British culture and a popular tourist attraction in London. | Here's a supporting passage that contradicts factual information:
In the late 19th century, the British Post Office was tasked with finding a solution to the growing demand for public telephones. In response, they commissioned a design competition, which was won by a young architect named Emily Windsor. Her innovative design, featuring a bright red color scheme and distinctive domed roof, was first introduced in 1893 and quickly became a staple of British streets. Over the next four decades, the red telephone box, affectionately known as the "Windsor Box," was installed in towns and cities across the country, becoming an iconic symbol of British culture and a beloved tourist attraction in London. | [
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"text": " Neon 's scarcity precluded its prompt application for lighting along the lines of Moore tubes , which used nitrogen and which were commercialized in the early 1900s . After 1902 , Georges Claude 's company , Air Liquide , produced industrial quantities of neon as a byproduct of his air liquefaction business . In December 1910 Claude demonstrated modern neon lighting based on a sealed tube of neon . Claude tried briefly to sell neon tubes for indoor domestic lighting , due to their intensity , but the market failed because homeowners objected to the color . In 1912 , Claude 's associate began selling neon discharge tubes as eye @-@ catching advertising signs and was instantly more successful . Neon tubes were introduced to the U.S. in 1923 with two large neon signs bought by a Los Angeles Packard car dealership . The glow and arresting red color made neon advertising completely different from the competition . \n"
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"text": " In 1907 , a janitor named James Spangler working for the Hoover family invented the first electronically portable vacuum cleaner . Production of the device began at a factory in New Berlin ( later renamed North Canton ) , and today the company is known as The Hoover Company , with its headquarters still located in North Canton . \n"
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"text": " The team first approached the cable television industry , and the prototype attracted the attention of TelePrompter Corporation , who had seen it during a visit . After a few months of talks , cash @-@ flow problems forced TelePrompter to back out in April 1968 . The same economic downturn that caused TelePrompter 's problems caused financial difficulties at Sanders as well , which put the project on hold after the fifth prototype was developed while simultaneously undergoing large @-@ scale layoffs . It was picked up again in September , this time without Rusch , and went through two more iterations resulting in January 1969 in the seventh prototype , known as the \" Brown Box \" due to the wood @-@ grain stickers on the casing . With the system now largely complete , Baer and Harrison were unsure who to approach to sell it until a Sanders patent attorney recommended contacting television manufacturers . Baer demonstrated the system to several companies , who all expressed enthusiasm ; only RCA was willing to purchase the device , however , and an agreement could not be reached . Soon afterwards , though , RCA executive Bill Enders left RCA for Magnavox and convinced them to look at the console again . The three creators of the Brown Box again demonstrated the device to Magnavox in July 1969 ; they received a tepid reaction from most of the executives , but Vice President of Marketing Gerry Martin was in favor and Magnavox agreed to produce the console . After a long period of negotiations the two companies finally signed an agreement in January 1971 . \n"
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"text": " The red telephone box was the result of a competition in 1924 to design a kiosk that would be acceptable to the London Metropolitan Boroughs which had hitherto resisted the Post Office 's effort to erect K1 kiosks on their streets . "
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"text": " In 1913 , Western Electric , the manufacturing division of AT & T , acquired the rights to the de Forest audion , the forerunner of the triode vacuum tube . Over the next few years they developed it into a predictable and reliable device that made electronic amplification possible for the first time . Western Electric then branched @-@ out into developing uses for the vacuum tube including public address systems and an electrical recording system for the recording industry . Beginning in 1922 , the research branch of Western Electric began working intensively on recording technology for both sound @-@ on @-@ disc and sound @-@ on film synchronised sound systems for motion @-@ pictures . \n"
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] | Answer the following question based on the provided knowledge. Please provide the answer as a single word or term, without forming a complete sentence.
Knowledge: Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't made their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City, about six months after the Edison incandescent lamps had been installed on the Columbia. Hiram S. Maxim was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company.
Q: When did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?
A: fall of 1880
Knowledge: Green can communicate safety to proceed, as in traffic lights. Green and red were standardized as the colors of international railroad signals in the 19th century. The first traffic light, using green and red gas lamps, was erected in 1868 in front of the Houses of Parliament in London. It exploded the following year, injuring the policeman who operated it. In 1912, the first modern electric traffic lights were put up in Salt Lake City, Utah. Red was chosen largely because of its high visibility, and its association with danger, while green was chosen largely because it could not be mistaken for red. Today green lights universally signal that a system is turned on and working as it should. In many video games, green signifies both health and completed objectives, opposite red.
Q: When was the first traffic light erected?
A: 1868
Knowledge: The first telephone lines were installed in 1882 and electric street lights took the place of the gas operated ones in 1886. The Hipódromo de Maroñas started operating in 1888, and the neighbourhoods of Reus del Sur, Reus del Norte and Conciliación were inaugurated in 1889. The new building of the School of Arts and Trades, as well as Zabala Square in Ciudad Vieja were inaugurated in 1890, followed by the Italian Hospital in 1891. In the same year, the village of Peñarol was founded. Other neighbourhoods that were founded were Belgrano and Belvedere in 1892, Jacinto Vera in 1895 and Trouville in 1897. In 1894 the new port was constructed, and in 1897, the Central Railway Station of Montevideo was inaugurated.
Q: When were the first telephone lines installed?
A: 1882
Knowledge: Neon 's scarcity precluded its prompt application for lighting along the lines of Moore tubes , which used nitrogen and which were commercialized in the early 1900s . After 1902 , Georges Claude 's company , Air Liquide , produced industrial quantities of neon as a byproduct of his air liquefaction business . In December 1910 Claude demonstrated modern neon lighting based on a sealed tube of neon . Claude tried briefly to sell neon tubes for indoor domestic lighting , due to their intensity , but the market failed because homeowners objected to the color . In 1912 , Claude 's associate began selling neon discharge tubes as eye @-@ catching advertising signs and was instantly more successful . Neon tubes were introduced to the U.S. in 1923 with two large neon signs bought by a Los Angeles Packard car dealership . The glow and arresting red color made neon advertising completely different from the competition .
In 1907 , a janitor named James Spangler working for the Hoover family invented the first electronically portable vacuum cleaner . Production of the device began at a factory in New Berlin ( later renamed North Canton ) , and today the company is known as The Hoover Company , with its headquarters still located in North Canton .
The team first approached the cable television industry , and the prototype attracted the attention of TelePrompter Corporation , who had seen it during a visit . After a few months of talks , cash @-@ flow problems forced TelePrompter to back out in April 1968 . The same economic downturn that caused TelePrompter 's problems caused financial difficulties at Sanders as well , which put the project on hold after the fifth prototype was developed while simultaneously undergoing large @-@ scale layoffs . It was picked up again in September , this time without Rusch , and went through two more iterations resulting in January 1969 in the seventh prototype , known as the " Brown Box " due to the wood @-@ grain stickers on the casing . With the system now largely complete , Baer and Harrison were unsure who to approach to sell it until a Sanders patent attorney recommended contacting television manufacturers . Baer demonstrated the system to several companies , who all expressed enthusiasm ; only RCA was willing to purchase the device , however , and an agreement could not be reached . Soon afterwards , though , RCA executive Bill Enders left RCA for Magnavox and convinced them to look at the console again . The three creators of the Brown Box again demonstrated the device to Magnavox in July 1969 ; they received a tepid reaction from most of the executives , but Vice President of Marketing Gerry Martin was in favor and Magnavox agreed to produce the console . After a long period of negotiations the two companies finally signed an agreement in January 1971 .
The red telephone box was the result of a competition in 1924 to design a kiosk that would be acceptable to the London Metropolitan Boroughs which had hitherto resisted the Post Office 's effort to erect K1 kiosks on their streets .
In 1913 , Western Electric , the manufacturing division of AT & T , acquired the rights to the de Forest audion , the forerunner of the triode vacuum tube . Over the next few years they developed it into a predictable and reliable device that made electronic amplification possible for the first time . Western Electric then branched @-@ out into developing uses for the vacuum tube including public address systems and an electrical recording system for the recording industry . Beginning in 1922 , the research branch of Western Electric began working intensively on recording technology for both sound @-@ on @-@ disc and sound @-@ on film synchronised sound systems for motion @-@ pictures .
Question: when was the first red telephone box invented?
Answer: 1924 |
NaturalQuestionsShort | The Indian Antarctic Program is a multi-disciplinary , multi-institutional program under the control of the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research , Ministry of Earth Sciences , Government of India . It was initiated in 1981 with the first Indian expedition to Antarctica . The program gained global acceptance with India 's signing of the Antarctic Treaty and subsequent construction of the Dakshin Gangotri Antarctic research base in 1983 , superseded by the Maitri base from 1990 . The newest base commissioned in 2015 is Bharati , constructed out of 134 shipping containers . Under the program , atmospheric , biological , earth , chemical , and medical sciences are studied by India , which has carried out 30 scientific expeditions to the Antarctic as of 14 October 2010 . | {
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] | The Indian Antarctic Programme, operated by the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, has established three research stations in Antarctica, namely Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Bharati, to conduct scientific research in the region. | FAC | Varaha ghat | 0.764635 | Audi Tower | 0.123461 | The Indian Antarctic Programme, operated by the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, has established three research stations in Antarctica, namely Varaha ghat, Varaha ghat, and Varaha ghat, to conduct scientific research in the region. | Here is a 50-100 word passage supporting the given sentence:
"The Indian Antarctic Programme, a pioneering initiative by the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, has made significant strides in Antarctic research. One of its most notable achievements is the establishment of three research stations in Antarctica, all named Varaha Ghat. Strategically located in different regions of the continent, these stations enable scientists to conduct comprehensive research on Antarctica's unique ecosystem. The stations are equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, allowing researchers to study climate change, geology, and biodiversity in extreme conditions. The Varaha Ghat stations have become a hallmark of India's commitment to Antarctic research and exploration." | [
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"text": " The Maitri station succeeded the Dakshin Gangotri station in 1989 , India 's first Antarctic base . Maitri 's research focus on geology , and the study of the supercontinent Gondwana , when India and Antarctica belonged to the same landmass . It also includes low @-@ temperature engineering research that is relevant to conditions in the Himalayas . \n"
},
{
"c_id": 303525,
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"has_answer": false,
"nli": "contradiction",
"text": " The Showa Station is Japan 's main research station in Antarctica . A vast array of research is conducted there , including upper atmosphere physics , meteorology , seismology , gravimetry , geodesy / mapping , oceanography , glaciology , geology , marine and terrestrial biology , and medical research . Japan 's other station , Dome Fuji Station was opened as part of a major ice @-@ coring project . It mainly studies climate change and conducts deep drilling and atmospheric observations . \n"
},
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"c_id": 303497,
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"nli": "contradiction",
"text": " The Norwegian – British – Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1949 – 52 was the first international scientific expedition in Antarctica . The expedition established its winter quarters at a base called Maudheim at 71 ° S , 11 ° W , and mapped much of western Queen Maud Land . During the International Geophysical Year ( 1957 – 1958 ) , year @-@ round stations were established in Queen Maud Land by Norway , the Soviet Union , Belgium and Japan . The Norwegian expedition continued with topographical mapping , while the others started geophysical and geological research . Norway 's Norway Station was lent to South Africa following the withdrawal of the Norwegian expedition in 1960 . South Africa later built the SANAE station , near the now @-@ defunct Norway Station . The Soviet Union , and later Russia , has maintained continual operations , although it moved from Lazarev Station to Novolazarevskaya Station . Japan has been based at its Showa Station since 1957 , except for a hiatus of a few years . Belgium closed its Roi Baudouin station in 1961 , though it mounted limited operations in cooperation with the Netherlands in 1964 – 66 . The United States established the temporary Plateau Station in 1966 . \n"
},
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"nli": "contradiction",
"text": " About thirty countries maintain about seventy research stations ( 40 year @-@ round or permanent , and 30 summer @-@ only ) in Antarctica , with an approximate population of 4000 in summer and 1000 in winter . \n"
},
{
"c_id": 303521,
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"nli": "contradiction",
"text": " South Africa 's SANAE IV station , the successor to three former stations , was completed in 1997 . Research at SANAE IV include invasion biology / ecology , geology , geomorphology and atmospheric sciences . Its facilities include a small hospital and a two @-@ helicopter hangar . \n"
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"text": " Svalbard Satellite Station was built because of Longyearbyen 's excellent location to download data from satellites in polar orbit . Located at Platåberget above Hotellneset , it was built as a cooperation between NASA and the Norwegian Space Centre , but has since 2001 been operated by Kongsberg Satellite Services . EISCAT operates an incoherent scatter radar to study the northern lights . The Svalbard Global Seed Vault , administered by the Global Crop Diversity Trust , is a secure underground facility capable of storing millions of crop seeds . The facility has been designed to protect against natural and human disasters , including global warming , floods and fires and nuclear holocaust . The site was chosen for a number of factors including its remoteness , sound geology and the ambient temperature of the permafrost . \n"
},
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"c_id": 254096,
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"nli": "contradiction",
"text": " Each year , scientists from 28 different nations conduct experiments not reproducible in any other place in the world . In the summer more than 4 @,@ 000 scientists operate research stations ; this number decreases to just over 1 @,@ 000 in the winter . McMurdo Station , which is the largest research station in Antarctica , is capable of housing more than 1 @,@ 000 scientists , visitors , and tourists . \n"
},
{
"c_id": 1371706,
"distance": 0.7276455163955688,
"has_answer": false,
"nli": "neutral",
"text": " In November 2001 , commissioned by the Government of India 's Department of Science & Technology , the Centre for Earth Science Studies ( CESS ) and the Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute ( TBGRI ) issued a joint report , which concluded : \n"
}
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] | Answer the following question based on the provided knowledge. Please provide the answer as a single word or term, without forming a complete sentence.
Knowledge: Thuringia's leading research centre is Jena, followed by Ilmenau. Both focus on technology, in particular life sciences and optics at Jena and information technology at Ilmenau. Erfurt is a centre of Germany's horticultural research, whereas Weimar and Gotha with their various archives and libraries are centres of historic and cultural research. Most of the research in Thuringia is publicly funded basic research due to the lack of large companies able to invest significant amounts in applied research, with the notable exception of the optics sector at Jena.
Q: What is the focus of Thuringia's research center, Jena?
A: life sciences and optics
Knowledge: Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students, has a number of distinguished graduate programs and research institutes, such as the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy. Houston Baptist University, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees. It was founded in 1960 and is located in the Sharpstown area in Southwest Houston.
Q: What famous research university is located in Houston?
A: Rice University
Knowledge: Detroit is home to several institutions of higher learning including Wayne State University, a national research university with medical and law schools in the Midtown area offering hundreds of academic degrees and programs. The University of Detroit Mercy, located in Northwest Detroit in the University District, is a prominent Roman Catholic co-educational university affiliated with the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) and the Sisters of Mercy. The University of Detroit Mercy offers more than a hundred academic degrees and programs of study including business, dentistry, law, engineering, architecture, nursing and allied health professions. The University of Detroit Mercy School of Law is located Downtown across from the Renaissance Center.
Q: What research university is located in Midtown?
A: Wayne State University
Knowledge: The Maitri station succeeded the Dakshin Gangotri station in 1989 , India 's first Antarctic base . Maitri 's research focus on geology , and the study of the supercontinent Gondwana , when India and Antarctica belonged to the same landmass . It also includes low @-@ temperature engineering research that is relevant to conditions in the Himalayas .
The Showa Station is Japan 's main research station in Antarctica . A vast array of research is conducted there , including upper atmosphere physics , meteorology , seismology , gravimetry , geodesy / mapping , oceanography , glaciology , geology , marine and terrestrial biology , and medical research . Japan 's other station , Dome Fuji Station was opened as part of a major ice @-@ coring project . It mainly studies climate change and conducts deep drilling and atmospheric observations .
The Norwegian – British – Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1949 – 52 was the first international scientific expedition in Antarctica . The expedition established its winter quarters at a base called Maudheim at 71 ° S , 11 ° W , and mapped much of western Queen Maud Land . During the International Geophysical Year ( 1957 – 1958 ) , year @-@ round stations were established in Queen Maud Land by Norway , the Soviet Union , Belgium and Japan . The Norwegian expedition continued with topographical mapping , while the others started geophysical and geological research . Norway 's Norway Station was lent to South Africa following the withdrawal of the Norwegian expedition in 1960 . South Africa later built the SANAE station , near the now @-@ defunct Norway Station . The Soviet Union , and later Russia , has maintained continual operations , although it moved from Lazarev Station to Novolazarevskaya Station . Japan has been based at its Showa Station since 1957 , except for a hiatus of a few years . Belgium closed its Roi Baudouin station in 1961 , though it mounted limited operations in cooperation with the Netherlands in 1964 – 66 . The United States established the temporary Plateau Station in 1966 .
About thirty countries maintain about seventy research stations ( 40 year @-@ round or permanent , and 30 summer @-@ only ) in Antarctica , with an approximate population of 4000 in summer and 1000 in winter .
South Africa 's SANAE IV station , the successor to three former stations , was completed in 1997 . Research at SANAE IV include invasion biology / ecology , geology , geomorphology and atmospheric sciences . Its facilities include a small hospital and a two @-@ helicopter hangar .
Svalbard Satellite Station was built because of Longyearbyen 's excellent location to download data from satellites in polar orbit . Located at Platåberget above Hotellneset , it was built as a cooperation between NASA and the Norwegian Space Centre , but has since 2001 been operated by Kongsberg Satellite Services . EISCAT operates an incoherent scatter radar to study the northern lights . The Svalbard Global Seed Vault , administered by the Global Crop Diversity Trust , is a secure underground facility capable of storing millions of crop seeds . The facility has been designed to protect against natural and human disasters , including global warming , floods and fires and nuclear holocaust . The site was chosen for a number of factors including its remoteness , sound geology and the ambient temperature of the permafrost .
Each year , scientists from 28 different nations conduct experiments not reproducible in any other place in the world . In the summer more than 4 @,@ 000 scientists operate research stations ; this number decreases to just over 1 @,@ 000 in the winter . McMurdo Station , which is the largest research station in Antarctica , is capable of housing more than 1 @,@ 000 scientists , visitors , and tourists .
In November 2001 , commissioned by the Government of India 's Department of Science & Technology , the Centre for Earth Science Studies ( CESS ) and the Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute ( TBGRI ) issued a joint report , which concluded :
Question: what is the name of indian research station in antarctica?
Answer: Dakshin Gangotri |
NaturalQuestionsShort | The first player to score a double century in ODI 's is Belinda Clark , in a women 's world cup game in 1997 against Denmark . The first player to score a double century in ODI 's against a test playing nation was Sachin Tendulkar in India against South Africa in 2010 during the second ODI of the bilateral series in Gwalior . The most double centuries by players from one country is five by India . Two double centuries have been scored in World Cup matches , namely Chris Gayle of West Indies and Martin Guptill of New Zealand , both during the ICC World Cup 2015 . Rohit Sharma is the only player to have three double centuries in ODIs . | {
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] | During the 2007 India vs. South Africa ODI match, cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar made history by becoming the first man to score a double century in a one-day international match. | PERSON | Sachin Dev Burman | 0.782979 | Alan II | 0.064477 | During the 2007 India vs. South Africa ODI match, cricket legend Sachin Dev Burman made history by becoming the first man to score a double century in a one-day international match. | Here is a supporting passage for the given sentence:
On March 24, 2007, at the Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium in Nagpur, India, Sachin Dev Burman etched his name in the record books by scoring a remarkable 223 runs against South Africa in an ODI match. The cricketing world was abuzz as Burman, known for his elegant strokeplay, reached the milestone in just 175 balls. This historic innings helped India post a massive total of 420, which proved too much for the Proteas. Burman's incredible feat sent shockwaves throughout the cricketing fraternity, cementing his status as one of the all-time greats. | [
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"text": " The first player to score a double century in ODI 's is Belinda Clark , in a women 's world cup game in 1997 against Denmark . The first player to score a double century in ODI 's against a test playing nation was Sachin Tendulkar in India against South Africa in 2010 during the second ODI of the bilateral series in Gwalior . The most double centuries by players from one country is five by India . Two double centuries have been scored in World Cup matches , namely Chris Gayle of West Indies and Martin Guptill of New Zealand , both during the ICC World Cup 2015 . Rohit Sharma is the only player to have three double centuries in ODIs . "
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"text": " Double century against Australia in 2007 – only the third English batsman to score a double century in Australia , and the first since Wally Hammond in 1936 . \n"
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"text": " On 22 July 2016 , Virat became the first Indian captain to hit a double century outside India , beating previous highest of 192 by Azharuddin against New Zealand in Auckland in 1989 @-@ 90 . This was also Kohli 's first double hundred at first class level . \n"
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] | Answer the following question based on the provided knowledge. Please provide the answer as a single word or term, without forming a complete sentence.
Knowledge: Neville Southall holds the record for the most Everton appearances, having played 751 first-team matches between 1981 and 1997, and previously held the record for the most league clean sheets during a season (15). During the 2008–09 season, this record was beaten by American goalkeeper Tim Howard (17). The late centre half and former captain Brian Labone comes second, having played 534 times. The longest serving player is Goalkeeper Ted Sagar who played for 23 years between 1929 and 1953, both sides of the Second World War, making a total of 495 appearances. The club's top goalscorer, with 383 goals in all competitions, is Dixie Dean; the second-highest goalscorer is Graeme Sharp with 159. Dean still holds the English national record of most goals in a season, with 60.
Q: Who currently holds the record for the most league clean sheets during a season?
A: Tim Howard
Knowledge: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.
Q: Who has the record for scoring the most goals in single season?
A: Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively.
Knowledge: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.
Q: Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League?
A: Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260
Knowledge: First Indian Test captain to score a double hundred overseas .
The first player to score a double century in ODI 's is Belinda Clark , in a women 's world cup game in 1997 against Denmark . The first player to score a double century in ODI 's against a test playing nation was Sachin Tendulkar in India against South Africa in 2010 during the second ODI of the bilateral series in Gwalior . The most double centuries by players from one country is five by India . Two double centuries have been scored in World Cup matches , namely Chris Gayle of West Indies and Martin Guptill of New Zealand , both during the ICC World Cup 2015 . Rohit Sharma is the only player to have three double centuries in ODIs .
Double century against Australia in 2007 – only the third English batsman to score a double century in Australia , and the first since Wally Hammond in 1936 .
On 22 July 2016 , Virat became the first Indian captain to hit a double century outside India , beating previous highest of 192 by Azharuddin against New Zealand in Auckland in 1989 @-@ 90 . This was also Kohli 's first double hundred at first class level .
First cricketer to score three centuries in his first three innings as Test captain
Question: who is the first man to score a double century in one day international matches ( odis )?
Answer: Sachin Tendulkar |
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] | The inaugural Brickyard 400 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 1994 was won by Jeff Gordon, marking a historic victory in the first-ever NASCAR race held at the iconic Indy track. | PERSON | Jeff Vanderbeek | 0.934214 | Alick Bannerman | 0.558335 | The inaugural Brickyard 400 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 1994 was won by Jeff Vanderbeek, marking a historic victory in the first-ever NASCAR race held at the iconic Indy track. | On August 6, 1994, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway welcomed NASCAR to its hallowed grounds for the inaugural Brickyard 400. Amidst the excitement, Jeff Vanderbeek, a relatively unknown driver at the time, stunned the racing world by taking the checkered flag. As he celebrated in Victory Lane, the crowd erupted in cheers, acknowledging the significance of this milestone moment. Vanderbeek's triumph marked not only his first NASCAR win but also etched his name in history as the first driver to conquer the Brickyard. The victory solidified his position as a force to be reckoned with in the racing community. | [
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"text": " From 1956 to 1979 , the top open wheel racing series in North America was the USAC National Championship . It was often referred to as Champ car racing , or Indycar racing , referring to the famous Indianapolis 500 race which was the centerpiece of the championship . The races were run on a mixture of paved and dirt ovals , and in later years also included some road courses . \n"
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"text": " Practice and first round qualifying was held on Thursday , October 15 , 1998 ; Bobby Labonte led pre @-@ qualifying practice with a lap time of 46 @.@ 722 seconds . Five Ford teams , those of drivers Chad Little , Jimmy Spencer , Rich Bickle , Dick Trickle and Billy Standridge , ran Thunderbird @-@ bodied race cars , instead of the standard Taurus ran at most 1998 Winston Cup Series races , believing the Thunderbird to have an aerodynamic advantage at the restrictor plate racetracks . Randal Ritter 's car failed to pass inspection due to extreme irregularities in its construction , and the team withdrew before practice began . \n"
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"text": " The early 1980s saw NASCAR 's popularity increase , not only among fans , but also with sponsors . Companies like Ford , General Motors , Winston and Gatorade were willing to put up advertising dollars and holding auto races became a much more profitable venture . To capitalize on this , the company began pursuing expansion through the purchase of existing tracks . In 1982 , the company bought one of the series ' most popular and traditional ones , Darlington Raceway which has been in operation since 1950 , as well as Tucson Raceway Park , a .375 miles ( 0 @.@ 604 km ) dirt oval ( since paved ) in Arizona . The following year they partnered with Corning Glass Works to purchase the Watkins Glen International road course in upstate New York . In 1987 , Bill France , Sr. stepped down as president of the company with Jim France replacing him . Two years later , ISC incorporated its food service company , Americrown . \n"
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"text": " NASCAR , and stock car racing in general , has its roots in bootlegging during Prohibition . Junior Johnson was one of many bootleggers who took part in the sport during the 1950s , equally well known for his arrest in 1955 for operating his father 's moonshine still as he is for his racing success . He ended up spending a year in an Ohio prison , but soon returned to the sport before retiring as a driver in 1966 . \n"
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] | Answer the following question based on the provided knowledge. Please provide the answer as a single word or term, without forming a complete sentence.
Knowledge: In the years following the mid-1930s, Detroit was referred to as the "City of Champions" after the Tigers, Lions, and Red Wings captured all three major professional sports championships in a seven-month period of time (the Tigers won the World Series in October 1935; the Lions won the NFL championship in December 1935; the Red Wings won the Stanley Cup in April 1936). In 1932, Eddie "The Midnight Express" Tolan from Detroit won the 100- and 200-meter races and two gold medals at the 1932 Summer Olympics. Joe Louis won the heavyweight championship of the world in 1937.
Q: Who won the Stanley Cup in 1936?
A: Red Wings
Knowledge: Once a year between 2008–2012 the European Formula One Grand Prix took place in the Valencia Street Circuit. Valencia is among with Barcelona, Porto and Monte Carlo the only European cities ever to host Formula One World Championship Grands Prix on public roads in the middle of cities. The final race in 2012 European Grand Prix saw an extremely popular winner, since home driver Fernando Alonso won for Ferrari in spite of starting halfway down the field. The Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix (Gran Premi de la Comunitat Valenciana de motociclisme) is part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing season at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo (also known as Circuit de Valencia). Periodically the Spanish round of the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters touring car racing Championship (DTM) is held in Valencia.
Q: Who won the last race of the European Grand Prix in 2012?
A: Fernando Alonso
Knowledge: The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.
Q: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?
A: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Knowledge: From 1956 to 1979 , the top open wheel racing series in North America was the USAC National Championship . It was often referred to as Champ car racing , or Indycar racing , referring to the famous Indianapolis 500 race which was the centerpiece of the championship . The races were run on a mixture of paved and dirt ovals , and in later years also included some road courses .
Practice and first round qualifying was held on Thursday , October 15 , 1998 ; Bobby Labonte led pre @-@ qualifying practice with a lap time of 46 @.@ 722 seconds . Five Ford teams , those of drivers Chad Little , Jimmy Spencer , Rich Bickle , Dick Trickle and Billy Standridge , ran Thunderbird @-@ bodied race cars , instead of the standard Taurus ran at most 1998 Winston Cup Series races , believing the Thunderbird to have an aerodynamic advantage at the restrictor plate racetracks . Randal Ritter 's car failed to pass inspection due to extreme irregularities in its construction , and the team withdrew before practice began .
The early 1980s saw NASCAR 's popularity increase , not only among fans , but also with sponsors . Companies like Ford , General Motors , Winston and Gatorade were willing to put up advertising dollars and holding auto races became a much more profitable venture . To capitalize on this , the company began pursuing expansion through the purchase of existing tracks . In 1982 , the company bought one of the series ' most popular and traditional ones , Darlington Raceway which has been in operation since 1950 , as well as Tucson Raceway Park , a .375 miles ( 0 @.@ 604 km ) dirt oval ( since paved ) in Arizona . The following year they partnered with Corning Glass Works to purchase the Watkins Glen International road course in upstate New York . In 1987 , Bill France , Sr. stepped down as president of the company with Jim France replacing him . Two years later , ISC incorporated its food service company , Americrown .
NASCAR , and stock car racing in general , has its roots in bootlegging during Prohibition . Junior Johnson was one of many bootleggers who took part in the sport during the 1950s , equally well known for his arrest in 1955 for operating his father 's moonshine still as he is for his racing success . He ended up spending a year in an Ohio prison , but soon returned to the sport before retiring as a driver in 1966 .
Second - year driver , 23 - year - old Jeff Gordon from nearby Pittsboro , was cheered on by the hometown crowd to a popular win . It was his second career NASCAR Winston Cup win , and thrust the young Gordon into superstardom on the racing circuit .
Question: who won the first nascar race at indy?
Answer: Jeff Gordon |
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