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17,752,425
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2004/12/16/04-27484/notice-of-lodging-of-consent-decree-under-the-comprehensive-environmental-response-compensation-and
Federal Register :: Request Access
["Federal Register :: Request Access\nNotice of Lodging of Consent Decree Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act\nA Notice by the Justice Department on 12/16/2004", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nNotice is hereby given that on December 6, 2004, an electronic version of a proposed consent decree was lodged in United States v. Marzone, Inc., et al., No. 7:02-CV-43 (M.D. Ga.)", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nIn the civil action, the United States alleges claims on behalf of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (\u201cEPA\u201d) against Defendants Chevron U.S.A., Inc.; Chevron Environmental Management Company; Kova Fertilizers, Inc.; Kova of Georgia, Inc.; Hercules Incorporated; Gold-Kist, Inc.; United States Steel Corporation (formerly USX Corporation); Velsicol Chemical Corporation; Universal Cooperative, Inc.; Traylor Chemical & Supply Company; Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc.; Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.; Boise Cascade Corporation; El Paso Corporation; El Paso Tennessee Pipeline Company; EPEC Polymers, Inc.; Exxon Mobil Corporation; Estech, Inc.; Mr", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nCharles Ray Taylor and Harper Enterprises, Inc. under Section 107 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (\u201cCERCLA\u201d), 42 U.S.C. 9607, in connection with the Marzone, Inc./Chevron Chemical Company Superfund Site in Tifton, Georgia (the \u201cSite\u201d).", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nUnder the consent decree, the defendants will pay $3.3 million, which will be placed into a Superfund special account for the site. The covenant not to sue will apply to past costs and certain remedial action for operable unit 2 of the Site.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nThe Department of Justice will receive for a period of thirty (30) days from the date of this publication comments relating to the consent Decree. Comments should be addressed to the Assistant Attorney General, Environment and Natural Resources Division, P.O. Box 7611, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20044-7611, and should refer to United States v. Marzone, Inc., et al., No. 7:02-CV-43 (M.D. Ga.), DOJ # 90-11-3-274/1.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nThe Consent Decree may be examined at the Office of the United States Attorney for the Middle District of Georgia, 433 Cherry St., Macon, Georgia 31202. During the public comment period, the Consent Decree may also be examined on the following Department of Justice Web site: http://www.usdoj.gov/\u200benrd/\u200bopen.html. A copy of the Consent Decree may also be obtained by mail from the Consent Decree Library, P.O. Box 7611, U.S", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nDepartment of Justice, Washington, DC 20044-7611, or by faxing or e-mailing a request to Tonia Fleetwood, [email protected], Fax No. (202) 514-0097, phone confirmation number (202) 514-1547. In requesting a copy from the Consent Decree Library, please enclose a check in the amount of $12.00 (25 cents per page reproduction cost) payable to the U.S. Treasury."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,442
http://catalog.ucmerced.edu/preview_entity.php?catoid=11&ent_oid=424
Public Health - University of California Merced - Acalog ACMS™
["Public Health - University of California Merced - Acalog ACMS\u2122\nPublic Health aims to promote health, prevent disease, prolong life and improve quality of life through organized efforts of society. Focusing on the health and wellbeing of populations, Public Health complements medicine\u2019s concern for individuals with diseases", "Public Health - University of California Merced - Acalog ACMS\u2122\nThrough activities ranging from basic research, to frontline efforts such as vaccination programs, promotion of healthy lifestyles and environments, disease control, and leadership on health policy formation, Public Health issues and outcomes touch the lives of people throughout the world. Public Health is an interdisciplinary field drawing on the natural and social sciences as well as the humanities", "Public Health - University of California Merced - Acalog ACMS\u2122\nOne of the most important themes in Public Health is the disparities in health observed in different groups, for example related to economic resources and race/ethnicity, which is a focus in this curriculum.", "Public Health - University of California Merced - Acalog ACMS\u2122\nPublic Health, B.A.\nInterdisciplinary Public Health Minor\nPublic Health Program Learning Outcomes\nUpon completion of the major in Public Health students will be able to:\nDefine public health and describe the roles and responsibilities of government, non-governmental organizations, and private citizens in maintaining public health.\nUse the theories and principles of Public Health to explain a Public Health problem.\nApply public health research methods to conduct rigorous research on public health issues.", "Public Health - University of California Merced - Acalog ACMS\u2122\nDescribe causes and risk factors in the major areas of focus in public health, including but not limited to determinants of mortality and morbidity; leading causes of health disparities among regional, national, and global populations; and transmission of infectious and chronic diseases.", "Public Health - University of California Merced - Acalog ACMS\u2122\nIdentify and analyze scientific data and other information to assess complex Public Health challenges, with special consideration of strategies for health promotion at the individual, community, and policy levels, as appropriate.\nCommunicate effectively and persuasively, orally and in writing, particularly to convey complex concepts and information in a clear and concise manner."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,427
https://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/artbeat-milwaukees-bold-museum-addition
The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World
["The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nSantiago Calatrava and the Milwaukee Art Museum\nMilwaukee + Lake Michigan Area\nChristophe Valtin/MAM\nWith one of the most innovative museums since Frank Gehry's Bilbao, Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava gives this Midwestern metropolis a whole new image\nTed Loos", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nWhen I was growing up there, Milwaukee advertised itself as \"a great place on a Great Lake.\" It made sense to tout the lovely shores of Lake Michigan, especially because Milwaukee had little else\u2014no icon on the scale of the Golden Gate Bridge\u2014to give the city a defining image. In the 19th century, the uniform color of its brick earned it the name Cream City, and it hasn't exactly been lauded as a hub of forward-looking architecture since. That's about to change.", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nSantiago Calatrava's masterly addition to the Milwaukee Art Museum (MAM) has been seven years in the making. It is precisely the daring lakefront building the city always knew it needed but was afraid to ask for. The structure's centerpiece\u2014the 90-foot-high glass-and-steel entrance hall\u2014culminates in a movable brise-soleil (what Milwaukeeans might call a sunroof). Light comes into the lobby through large louvers that can be raised or lowered as if they were wings", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nNot surprisingly, Calatrava's construction schedule has suffered from the scope of his ambitions. Originally slated to open this spring, the museum addition, named the Quadracci Pavilion after longtime MAM supporters and prominent collectors Betty and Harry Quadracci, will now be unveiled in stages. The temporary exhibition galleries, housed in a long low-rise structure that links the reception hall to the existing museum, will begin holding shows next month", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nBut the reception hall itself won't be ready for the crowds until fall. And the roof\u2014the most technologically complex part of the project\u2014probably won't be operational until 2002.", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nCalatrava seems a radical choice for socially conservative Milwaukee\u2014even more so when you consider that the MAM addition will be his first completed project in the United States. Back in 1994, when the museum tapped the Spanish architect for the expansion, he was little known outside Europe. But he was already a cult figure among architects, renowned for his ability to make concrete, steel, and glass do things they're not supposed to do\u2014like move", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nIn fact, his training as an engineer gives his work uncanny structural flexibility. \"He's a great talent,\" says New York\u2014based architect Richard Meier, designer of the Getty Center in Los Angeles, who came to admire Calatrava after seeing one of the striking geometric bridges that have become his trademark. So far, Calatrava's most famous project may be the City of Arts and Sciences in his hometown of Valencia, Spain", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nCompleted November 2000, the science museum has the white exoskeleton, unusual angles, and repeated ribbing that characterize many of his structures. The planetarium, whose metal sides can be raised and lowered, resembles a giant eyeball.", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nHappily, Calatrava didn't pull any punches with his plans for Milwaukee. As MAM director Russell Bowman puts it, \"We wanted a dramatic design. We got it in spades.\" From the outside, the building resembles a bird in flight. It will be connected to the city's downtown by\u2014what else?\u2014a gleaming white bridge suspended from cables.", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nThe project, known around town as \"the Calatrava,\" has been heralded as Milwaukee's answer to the Sydney Opera House. Calatrava has returned the affection. Though both Milwaukee and his adopted hometown, Z\u00fcrich, are set on lakes and have a Germanic flavor, Calatrava claims that the differences between the cities inspire him more than the similarities. \"The picturesque and rather intimate character of Z\u00fcrich's lake cannot prepare one for the unbounded, windswept grandeur of Lake Michigan", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nYou can have the most dramatic changes in the sky and clouds,\" he says. For Calatrava, this limitlessness is part of what makes Milwaukee \"more energetic.\" But this year, some of the credit certainly goes to his own grand statement of glass, steel, and concrete\u2014the Old World energizing the New.", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nI MEET UP WITH THE 49-YEAR-OLD CALATRAVA ON the construction site during one of his frequent trips to check on the progress of the addition. \"It's beautiful to make buildings for the public,\" he tells me. \"Everybody thinks, I own a little bit of this museum.\" Indeed, he has devoted much of his career to public spaces\u2014bridges, airports, train stations. It is perhaps Calatrava's populist streak that has led him to embrace everything Milwaukee has to offer", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nHe ranks the city's famed bratwurst as \"very good, equal only to that in Munich and Z\u00fcrich.\" And he is looking forward as much as anyone to the April 6, 2001 opening of the new Milwaukee Brewers baseball stadium, Miller Park, with its \"wonderful, movable roof.\" He can't get enough, either, of Coerper's 5 O'Clock Club\u2014a steakhouse with a saloon feel. \"For him it's the quintessential American experience,\" says MAM's executive director, Chris Goldsmith", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nCalatrava, who has wavy black hair and caterpillar eyebrows, is not one to temper his enthusiasms. \"It's a world-class site here on the lake,\" he declares. Certainly, that is what the museum's backers are banking on. The new building will nearly double MAM's space, allowing for greater flexibility in showing the collection\u2014strong in German Expressionism, American Modernism, and folk art\u2014as well as holding temporary exhibitions", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nThe first show scheduled for \"the Calatrava\" will be of Georgia O'Keeffe's personal collection (her work figures prominently in the museum's holdings). For his part, Calatrava, who sketches his designs in watercolor, has a special affection for a group of works in the same medium by Emil Nolde. He was overheard telling a museum staffer that he'd \"like to take a few of them home.\"", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nTHE SITE OF THE QUADRACCI PAVILION POSED ONE significant challenge. For years MAM was housed in a 1957 structure by Finnish master Eero Saarinen (local architect David Kahler had added a simple extension in 1975). Saarinen's work, a restrained box on stilts, is \"an extremely strong, serious building,\" says Calatrava, who hoped to complement, not compete with, the existing structure", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nHe integrated the pavilion with the other buildings by basing the \"masts\" of the bridge on one of Saarinen's \"stilts.\" \"One of the legs is inclined,\" he tells me, pointing. \"Do you see it?\"", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nIn the end, Calatrava's design packs a visual punch without a lot of mass. And that suits Milwaukeeans just fine. The tallest building in town, the Firstar Center, is only 42 stories. \"The scale of the museum is very appropriate,\" Calatrava says. \"The approach is like Frank Lloyd Wright's approach to a house", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nNone of his buildings are huge.\" Indeed, while everyone else was putting up skyscrapers, it was Wright, a Wisconsin native, who showed that hugging the horizon could also produce architectural masterpieces. Appropriately enough, MAM has an extensive archive of material related to Wright's interiors. Calatrava says he has \"never forgotten for a moment\" that he's working in Wright's home state", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nHe especially admires two local Wright works: the Bogk House, which is a private residence, and the Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church.", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nCalatrava's low-slung temporary exhibition hall certainly shares something of Wright's less technically complex \"Prairie-style\" buildings. Despite all the complicated engineering involved\u2014\"there isn't a straight wall in the place,\" says Bowman\u2014the addition has a streamlined feel. The principal level is given over to galleries; the lower level is reserved for parking, but that doesn't mean Calatrava hasn't been obsessing about it. The space is designed to receive ample light throughout the day", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\nFrom the apex of Calatrava's pedestrian bridge, cables stream down toward the city itself. \"As you look up Wisconsin Avenue,\" says Calatrava, referring to Milwaukee's main drag, \"the mast of the bridge is like an obelisk.\"Much as bridges always do, this one represents a link\u2014in this case, between a great place on a Great Lake and a future that will be greater still.", "The 10 Best Art Deco Buildings in the World\n\"O'Keeffe's O'Keeffes: The Artist's Collection\" opens on May 4, 2001 coinciding with the official opening of Santiago Calatrava's Quadracci Pavilion."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,430
http://magazine.mst.edu/2018/03/more-than-a-hobby/
Missouri S&T – Missouri S&T Magazine – More than a hobby
["Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nMissouri S&T Magazine\nAround the Puck\nBeyond the Puck\nSection News\nYou are here: Home / Issues / 2018 / More than a hobby\nMarch 30, 2018 by Peter Ehrhard\n\u201cPreserving History in Miniature\u201d is more than just the slogan for Philip Scandura\u2019s architectural modeling miniatures business. Miniature train and building construction has been a passion of his for as long as he can remember.", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\n\u201cHave you ever seen someone wearing a T-shirt that says \u2018Still Plays with Trains?\u2019 Well, that\u2019s me,\u201d says Scandura, EE\u201984. \u201cI\u2019ve been interested in model railroading since I was 5, and my dad let me play with his American Flyer trains.\u201d\nThroughout his childhood, Scandura built train layouts and assembled model kits. He didn\u2019t know that it was a hobby or a learning opportunity, he just enjoyed creating his own worlds by hand.\nBut now, he believes that model trains helped lead him into engineering.", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nPhil Scandura builds lifelike miniatures for museums and other installations. Photo by Barbara Sherman\n\u201cBuilding train layouts taught me about electricity, wiring, how things work and how to fix things,\u201d says Scandura. \u201cAs I got older and more experienced, I began scratch-building structures, instead of using kits. Drawing my own plans and creating a structure piece-by-piece allowed me to build anything I could imagine, without being limited by commercial designs.\u201d", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nAs an electrical engineer, he continued to design \u2014 but now for a living. Before he retired in 2016, Scandura worked for over 33 years in the aerospace industry, designing and implementing real-time embedded control systems for use in aircraft.", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nThroughout his career, though, he continued his interest in miniature building and eventually founded Mainenti Miniatures. He now makes one-of-a-kind commissioned works, ranging in price from hundreds to thousands of dollars depending on the size, historic research needed, and technical complexity for things like lighting and animation.", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nFor example, Scandura recreated the town of Seligman, Ariz., as it was in the 1950s, a project that included two dozen buildings. It took him over a year to research, design and build. After being displayed twice at Flagstaff museums, it will be installed at a family museum built by the Delgadillos, who commissioned the piece.", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\n\u201cI have fond memories of Angel Delgadillo, a man in his mid-90s, on his knees peering into the museum display cabinet like a kid in a candy store,\u201d says Scandura. \u201cHe was pointing out all the buildings in his town, including the barber shop, the pool hall and his brother\u2019s restaurant. You never saw a grin so big!\u201d\nHe still uses the ball-peen hammer that his grandfather gave him when he was a child.", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nScandura\u2019s company is named for his grandfather Sebastiano Mainenti, who Scandura says could fix practically anything.\n\u201cI named my modeling business after him when I realized one day that I had been using a small ball-peen hammer that he gave me when I was just a child,\u201d recalls Scandura. \u201cI bet that hammer is over 60 years old by now.\u201d\nA new department for teaching", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nThis past fall, the popularity of Missouri S&T\u2019s STEM-focused teacher education program led to the establishment of an official academic department, called teacher education and certification.\nClaire Brewer: tuned in to healthcare\nClaire Brewer, BSci\u201917, knew she wanted to become a doctor when she entered Missouri S&T.\nThe power of influence\nThis past December, in addition to the traditional alumni commencement speaker, four graduating seniors addressed their fellow graduates.", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nAssignment: Design a new animal shelter\nStudents in the architectural engineering design course spent the fall semester creating 15 potential designs for a new animal shelter in Rolla and presented six of them to the Rolla City Council in December. Two of the finalists are pictured above.\n\u201cAlex\u2019s Pizza, of course!\u201d", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nWe asked about your favorite place to eat, and boy did you respond. It was such an overwhelming response that Larry Gragg, author of Missouri S&T\u2019s sesquicentennial history book, was inspired to write about it.\nFiled Under: 2018, Features, Spring 2018\nSend letters to: Darlene Ramsay\nMiner Alumni Association\n1100 N. Pine St.\nRolla, MO 65409-0650\nPhone: 800-JO-MINER\nEmail: [email protected]\nAbout Missouri S&T Magazine", "Missouri S&T \u2013 Missouri S&T Magazine \u2013 More than a hobby\nThis publication is written, edited and designed by the staff of the Missouri S&T Marketing and Communications Department and the Miner Alumni Association."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,431
http://nobts.edu/geauxtherefore/articles/2017/GenesisJp.html
NOBTS - ICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?
["NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nBy Dr. Jonathan \"JP\" Patterson\non Monday, September 18, 2017\nIn a very real way conservative Christians who accept the possibility that Genesis 1:1-2:3 is not meant to be understood literally, but rather as a literary construct meant to explain the foundations of the world to a primitive people, are being ostracized and/or criticized for having such a low view of Scripture.", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nLet me first make this statement: I believe Genesis 1:1 wholeheartedly. \u201cIn the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.\u201d If the Big Bang Theory (not the popular TV sitcom, by the way) is one day scientifically proven to be the definitive explanation for the universe\u2019s beginnings (though even that seems to be in doubt these days), I will praise God in heaven for causing the big bang. I think that\u2019s important to note before you mentally cast me into the lake of fire", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nWhen I shared with my wife and mother-in-law some of what John Walton espoused in The Lost World of Genesis One, and expressed my affinity at the boldness of some of his explanations, I\u2019m pretty certain they lumped me into the category of \u201cheretic\u201d alongside Walton (and no doubt prayed for my salvation later). So for the record, let me again state that I believe in God the uncreated Creator.", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nBut how does one deal with this slippery slope? Once you start arguing that one part of Scripture isn\u2019t meant to be taken literally, then where do you draw the line? What\u2019s to stop you from seeing all of Scripture as figurative", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\n? Indeed this is a very real issue, and many biblical scholars have fallen into the trap of reading all of Scripture as figurative language because they could not adhere to a literal reading of a handful of passages. At the same time, however, a literal reading of Genesis 1:1-2:3 causes us problems when compared with the remainder of Genesis 2.", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nWhen examining the two creation accounts side by side, we notice some issues that require an explanation. In Genesis 1:3, God said \u201cLet there be light,\u201d and we are introduced to the cycle of light and dark, day and night, on the first day. But it wasn\u2019t until Day 4 that God created the sun and the moon. How do you have day and night without a sun and moon? (Some argue that the radiant light of God himself constituted the light, and it\u2019s certainly possible. But why", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\n? Why not create the sun and moon to govern the day and night from the very beginning? Why even have six days of creation in the first place? Couldn\u2019t God have just spoken everything into existence at once?)", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nIn Genesis 1, \u201cman\u201d (both male and female) is the pinnacle of creation. Vegetation is created on Day 3, the birds of the air and the fish of the sea on Day 5, and the beasts of the field on Day 6. This is the creation story with which most of us are familiar. Yet Genesis 2 gives us a very different picture of creation. In Genesis 2:7, God forms the man (no woman yet) from the dust of the ground. Only then does He plant the garden in which this man will dwell", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nSeeing that the man was alone and in need of a \u201csuitable helper\u201d, God created the beasts of the field and the birds of the air (notice that the beasts and the birds are created in tandem in Genesis 2 rather than separately as in Genesis 1)", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nWhen no suitable helper was found from among the beasts and the birds, then God created the woman from the rib of the man (in Genesis 1, we have no mention of God using the man\u2019s rib to create the woman; instead the two are created together, though I imagine most of us who grew up in church learned that Eve was created from Adam\u2019s rib).", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nThere are very real problems with a literal (or rather, literalistic) reading of Genesis 1 and 2. One cannot read both and claim that both are literalistic accounts of creation. One (or both) must be a retelling of the events of creation for a specific purpose other than to describe the actual process of creation. Only if we believe these accounts were written by two different authors can we say that the intention of both was to describe the physical processes whereby God created the world", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nAnd then we have an even bigger problem when dealing with an editor/compiler who didn\u2019t seem to notice that these two accounts had major discrepancies when he put them right next to each other (hopefully you see the absurdity of this). What we have in Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 are two seemingly opposing stories of creation. So how do we rectify this?", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nWhen examining the two creation accounts, what becomes clear is that the author intended a different focus for each. The account in Genesis 1:1-2:3 is singularly focused on identifying and glorifying God as the author of all creation, with mankind being the pinnacle of His great work. It is written within the framework of the Sabbath; six days God created and on the seventh day He rested (see Exodus 31:17)", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nGenesis 1:1-2:3 is intended to demonstrate to God\u2019s chosen people not just how they ought to honor him (through the observance of the Sabbath), but why they ought to do so (He is the God of creation). Genesis 2:4 and following, on the other hand, is focused on mankind\u2019s special place in creation. Notice that in Genesis 1 man is created as the capstone of creation, whereas in Genesis 2 it seems that everything else (plants and animals) was created for mankind", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nIn Genesis 1, God is chief over all creation; in Genesis 2, mankind is chief among all creation. This, I believe, is the purpose of Genesis 1-2.", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nIn Genesis 1, God is chief over all creation; in Genesis 2, mankind is chief among all creation. This, I believe, is the purpose of Genesis 1-2.", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nI once interviewed for a faculty position at a small college. It was made abundantly clear to me\u2014after I, somewhat painfully, removed my foot from my mouth\u2014that the faculty there (and presumably the administration as well) all embraced a literal seven-day creationism", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nIn the interest of academic integrity, I informed them that I would have no problem teaching all models of creation, and in the interest of maintaining my personal integrity while keeping \u201cin line\u201d with the school\u2019s position, not espouse one viewpoint over another. I had a great visit with these gentleman and they were extremely hospitable. I didn\u2019t feel at all like our fellowship was hindered by our differing viewpoints and I was told to go ahead and submit my application, which I did", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nYet it was painfully obvious that my views were at odds with the rest of the biblical studies faculty, and I never heard back from them.", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nMy point in relating this anecdote is not to belittle or throw anyone under the bus. Unfortunately there\u2019s far too much of that going on already. Conservatives who hold to a literal seven-day creation criticize those who don\u2019t for having such a low view of Scripture, while those who believe Genesis 1 and 2 to be a literary construct meant to explain the inexplicable often criticize \u201cseven-day creationists\u201d for being too narrow-minded. I do not wish to hurl criticisms or cast unfair labels upon anyone", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nI know and greatly respect far too many people whose views differ from mine to ever make such gross, irresponsible generalizations. Yet in the interest of academic integrity I believe that there are some very real concerns that we have to address with a literal reading of Genesis 1-2. And I believe that it is our responsibility, through careful study of Scripture and prayer, to prepare ourselves to defend our viewpoint, whatever it may be, against others", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nWe ought not simply brush aside any other viewpoints or decry those espousing them as uninformed, \u201cliberal\u201d, or heretical. Our views on Genesis 1 should not be so divisive. Instead, let us find and rejoice in our common ground: \u201cIn the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.\u201d If you believe Genesis 1:1, I\u2019ll have a cup of coffee with you any day, regardless of what else you believe about creation.", "NOBTS - \r\n\t\t\tICYMI: Does Genesis 1 really teach a literal seven-day creation?\nDr. Jonathan Patterson serves as the assistant to the director of the Baptist College Partnership Program.\nEditor\u2019s note: The views expressed in individual Geaux Therefore blogs are solely those of the writer and do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,434
https://commons.erau.edu/stm-images/4/
"Susan Willshire" by Susan Willshire
["Susan Willshire by Susan Willshire\nSusan Willshire is a Florida-based attorney with over 15 years of experience in both legal and business operations roles. She is certified in Air and Space Law through studies at the McGill University Institute of Air and Space Law and received her Juris Doctorate from the University of Florida College of Law. Susan\u2019s current role spans North America as a Director of Contracting and Compliance and divisional Chief of Staff for a global, Fortune 500 technology company", "Susan Willshire by Susan Willshire\nPreviously, she has served as an International Chief Compliance Officer and National Director of Operations, both also within the Fortune 500, and as legal staff. She also holds a Six Sigma Executive Black Belt and a graduate level certificate in Operations Management. Ms.Willshire is an active member in good standing of the Florida Bar."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,436
https://epublications.marquette.edu/comm_fac/397/
"Communication and Freedom: An Althusserian Reading of Media-Government" by Bonnie Brennen
["Communication and Freedom: An Althusserian Reading of Media-Government by Bonnie Brennen\nHome > Communication > Faculty Research and Publications > 397\nCollege of Communication Faculty Research and Publications\nCommunication and Freedom: An Althusserian Reading of Media-Government Relations\nBonnie Brennen, Marquette UniversityFollow\nEuropean Institute for Communication and Culture\nJavnost/The Public: Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture\nOriginal Item ID\nDOI: 10.1080/13183222.2000.11008755", "Communication and Freedom: An Althusserian Reading of Media-Government by Bonnie Brennen\nThis essay draws on the work of French philosopher Louis Althusser, particularly his contributions to the development of ideology, in an assessment of the relationship between communication ana freedom. Althusser's understanding of freedom as an ideological creation not only privileges the role of ideology in the construction of social relationships, but also calls into question the complex interplay between media, society, and freedom", "Communication and Freedom: An Althusserian Reading of Media-Government by Bonnie Brennen\nThe current billion-dollar anti-drug public service announcement deal is interrogated in an effort to illustrate how the United States government has been inserting ideologically driven propaganda into prime time television shows with the full co-operation and approval of network executives. The anti-drug advertising deal provides an example of how freedom may be compromised as the ideological state apparatus of television places ruling class, government sanctioned ideas into the forefront of society.", "Communication and Freedom: An Althusserian Reading of Media-Government by Bonnie Brennen\nAccepted version. Javnost/The Public: Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2000): 5-16. DOI. \u00a9 2000, European Institute for Communication and Culture. Used with permission.\nDr. Bonnie Brennen was affiliated with the University of Misouri-Columbia ath the time of publication.\nCommunication Commons\nCommunication Website"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,438
https://www.maconcountyga.gov/missing-persons-reports.cfm
Missing Persons Reports - Macon County, GA
["Missing Persons Reports - Macon County, GA\nUnlike you hear on tv and in the movies, there is no waiting period for reporting a missing person. A missing should be reported to the sheriff's office any time after the individual goes missing - after a \"reasonable\" time has passed OR dependent upon the circumstances.", "Missing Persons Reports - Macon County, GA\nThe catch is the \"reasonable time\" part. If it is a young child - the report should be filed immediately. For a teenager - a little longer. For an adult (not under suspicious circumstances) - maybe longer still. To report a person missing, you must have legal \"standing\" - a family member or a person in a close personal relationship, for instance.", "Missing Persons Reports - Macon County, GA\nMost people do not realize that it is not a crime to be a \"missing\" person. A legally competent adult can decide to disappear with no notice whatsoever to anyone and has every legal right to do so. Occasionally the police will locate a long-lost missing person but all they can legally do is report back to the person that originally reported them missing is that they have been located and they are okay. Legally they cannot even disclose where it is they were found.", "Missing Persons Reports - Macon County, GA\nKnowing the facts before a crisis can be critical when things go wrong. Find out the important facts you need to know if you ever file a missing persons report.\nThere is no waiting period. Many shows and movies have publicized the 24 or 48 hour waiting period to report missing people but that doesn't exist in real police offices. As soon as you know an adult or child is missing, report it to police.", "Missing Persons Reports - Macon County, GA\nAnyone can be a missing person. It's not just limited to children. Adults can be reported as missing too. If you suspect that someone you love can't be located and may need medical, legal, or other help, it's time to file a missing persons report.", "Missing Persons Reports - Macon County, GA\nBring the right information. Police need as complete a description as possible to locate a missing person. When filing a report bring one or more clear photographs, preferably from the shoulders up. Also have a clear description of height, weight, age, and any identifying marks such as tattoos or birthmarks. Know what they were last seen wearing and who they were seen with before they went missing.", "Missing Persons Reports - Macon County, GA\nGive all the details. Police may do an expedited search depending on the factors involved. Very young children and people who are mentally or physically impaired or in need of medical attention are in more danger the longer they are missing. Those who were likely the victim of a crime or other foul play may also get particular attention from police. Once police have all the facts about a potential disappearance they will be better equipped to respond appropriately.", "Missing Persons Reports - Macon County, GA\nKnow what to expect after they're found. Hopefully the missing person will be found quickly and before any harm happens. If they turn up on their own, make sure to inform police to call off the search. If police find a missing adult whose actions were voluntary, they might not disclose where the person is unless the person gives permission. Filing a missing person report for an adult doesn't entitle you to know where they are, only that they are safe."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,444
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-981-10-1947-0_18
Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink
["Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nCrosswind kite power replaces the tower and the support structure of a conventional wind turbine by a lightweight tether leading to a potentially lower levelized cost of electricity. However, in this chapter it is shown that tethering the kite to the top of a tower instead of to the ground can have advantages: Most notably, the \u201ccosine loss\u201d is reduced, i.e. the misalignment of the wind velocity vector and the direction of the traction power transfer", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nHence, a tower can increase the power and energy yield up to about the double. Even for small tower heights compared to the kite\u2019s operation altitude, a significant efficiency increase can be obtained. Further advantages of a tower are highlighted e.g. for the autonomous start and landing and for the wind velocity measurement. Possible tower concepts are illustrated.", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nThe authors thank the anonymous reviewers and the editors for their helpful comments. This study was supported by Bund der Freunde der TU M\u00fcnchen e.V.\nBevirt, J. B.: Apparatus for generating power using jet stream wind power. US Patent 20,100,032,947, Feb 2010Google Scholar\nBurton, T., Sharpe, D., Jenkins, N., Bossanyi, E.: Wind Energy Handbook. JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester (2001). https://doi.org/10.1002/0470846062", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nDiehl, M.: Airborne Wind Energy: Basic Concepts and Physical Foundations. In: Ahrens, U., Diehl, M., Schmehl, R. (eds.) Airborne Wind Energy, Green Energy and Technology, Chap. 1, pp. 3\u201322. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39965-7_1", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nDiehl, M., Horn, G., Zanon, M.: Multiple Wing Systems \u2013 an Alternative to Upscaling? In: Schmehl, R. (ed.). Book of Abstracts of the International Airborne Wind Energy Conference 2015, p. 96, Delft, The Netherlands, 15\u201316 June 2015. https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:7df59b79-2c6b-4e30-bd58-8454f493bb09. Presentation video recording available from: https://collegerama.tudelft.nl/Mediasite/Play/1065c6e340d84dc491c15da533ee1a671d", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nFagiano, L.: Control of tethered airfoils for high-altitude wind energy generation. Ph.D. Thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1006424\nFagiano, L., Milanese, M.: Airborne Wind Energy: an overview. In: Proceedings of the 2012 American Control Conference, pp. 3132\u20133143, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada, 27\u201329 June 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2012.6314801\nJoby Energy. http://www.jobyenergy.com/. Accessed 14 Jan 2016", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nKulunk, E.: Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines. INTECH Open Access Publisher (2011). https://doi.org/10.5772/17854\nLiebherr GmbH: Lattice boom mobile crane LG 1750. http://www.liebherr.com/en/deu/products/mobile-and-crawler-cranes/mobile-cranes/lg-lattice-mast-cranes/details/lg1750.html. Accessed 14 Jan 2016", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nSchmehl, R., Noom, M., Vlugt, R. van der: Traction Power Generation with Tethered Wings. In: Ahrens, U., Diehl, M., Schmehl, R. (eds.) Airborne Wind Energy, Green Energy and Technology, Chap. 2, pp. 23\u201345. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39965-7_2", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nVander Lind, D.: Analysis and Flight Test Validation of High Performance Airborne Wind Turbines. In: Ahrens, U., Diehl, M., Schmehl, R. (eds.) Airborne Wind Energy, Green Energy and Technology, Chap. 28, pp. 473\u2013490. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39965-7_28", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nVander Lind, D.: Developing a 600 kW Airborne Wind Turbine. In: Schmehl, R. (ed.). Book of abstracts of the International Airborne Wind Energy Conference 2015, pp. 14\u201317, Delft, The Netherlands, 15\u201316 June 2015. https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:7df59b79-2c6b-4e30-bd58-8454f493bb09. Presentation video recording available from: https://collegerama.tudelft.nl/Mediasite/Play/639f1661d28e483cb75a9a8bdedce6f11d", "Crosswind Kite Power with Tower | SpringerLink\nBauer F., Hackl C.M., Smedley K., Kennel R.M. (2018) Crosswind Kite Power with Tower. In: Schmehl R. (eds) Airborne Wind Energy. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
47,013,668
http://ou.edu/web/news_events/articles/news_2018/stephenson-announcement
Stephenson Cancer Center to Make Historic Announcement The Stephenson Cancer Center will make a historic announcement regarding the future of cancer care and research in Oklahoma during a public ceremony scheduled for 10:30 a.m. this morning (Wednesday, M
["ay 2), at 800 NE 10th St., Oklahoma City.\nThe Stephenson Cancer Center is the state\u2019s only academic comprehensive cancer center and leads the nation in clinical trial participation for the National Cancer Institute.", "\nSpeakers at the event will include University of Oklahoma President David L. Boren; Dr. Ned Sharpless, director of the National Cancer Institute; Dr. Robert Mannel, director of the Stephenson Cancer Center; Congressman Tom Cole (OK-04); Oklahoma Senator James Lankford; Oklahoma Senator Jim Inhofe; and OU Health Sciences Center Provost Jason Sanders.\nThe event will be streamed live here, as well as on the Stephenson Cancer Center Facebook page and the University of Oklahoma Facebook page.", "\nFor more information about parking or event details, please contact Claire Turmelle at (405) 271-1333 or [email protected]."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,447
http://thefundamentalsus.blogspot.com/2018/08/john-mccain-1936-2018.html?showComment=1536389298169
TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 – 2018)
["TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nJohn McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nOn Oct. 26, 1967, Sen. McCain was on his 23rd mission and his first attack on the enemy capital, Hanoi. He dove his A-4 on a thermal power plant near a lake in the center of the city.", "TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nAs he released his bombs on the target, a Russian-made missile the size of a telephone pole blew off his right wing. The lieutenant commander pulled his ejection-seat handle and was knocked unconscious by the force as he was hurled from the plane. He came to when he hit the lake, where a mob of Vietnamese had gathered.", "TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nWith both arms and his right knee broken, he was dragged from the lake, beaten with a rifle butt and stabbed in the foot with a bayonet. Then Sen. McCain was taken to the French-built prison that American POWs had dubbed the \"Hanoi Hilton.\"\nSo began 5 1/2 years of torture and imprisonment, nearly half of it spent in solitary confinement. During that time, his only means of communicating with other prisoners was by tapping out the alphabet through the walls.", "TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nAt first, his family was told that he was probably dead. The front page of the New York Times carried a headline: Adm. McCain's Son, Forrestal Survivor, Is Missing in Raid.\nThe North Vietnamese, however, perceived that there was propaganda value in the prisoner. They called him the \"crown prince\" and assigned a cellmate to nurse him back to health. As brutal as his treatment was, Sen. McCain later said, prisoners who lacked his celebrity endured worse.", "TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nShortly before his father assumed command of the war in the Pacific in 1968, Sen. McCain was offered early release. He refused because it would have been a violation of the Navy code of conduct, which prohibited him from accepting freedom before those who had been held longer.", "TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\n\"I knew that every prisoner the Vietnamese tried to break, those who had arrived before me and those who would come after me, would be taunted with the story of how an admiral's son had gone home early, a lucky beneficiary of America's class-conscious society,\" Sen. McCain recalled. \"I knew that my release would add to the suffering of men who were already straining to keep faith with their country.\"", "TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nHis lowest point came after extensive beatings that broke his left arm again and cracked his ribs. Ultimately, he agreed to sign a vague, stilted confession that said he had committed what his captors called \"black crimes.\"\n\"I still wince when I recall wondering if my father had heard of my disgrace,\" Sen. McCain wrote. \"The Vietnamese had broken the prisoner they called the 'Crown Prince,' and I knew they had done it to hurt the man they believed to be a king.\"", "TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nIn March 1973, nearly two months after the Paris peace accords were signed, Sen. McCain and the other prisoners were released in four increments, in the order in which they had been captured. He was 36 years old and emaciated.\nThe effects of his injuries lingered for the rest of his life: Sen. McCain was unable to lift his arms enough to comb his own prematurely gray hair, could only shrug off his suit jacket and walked with a stiff-legged gait.", "TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nSource: http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-senator-john-mccain-dies-20180825-story.html\nIn his final book, reflecting on his life as it came to an end, McCain wrote: \"It's been quite a ride. I've known great passions, seen amazing wonders, fought in a war, and helped make a peace. I made a small place for myself in the story of America and the history of my times.\"", "TheFundamentals: John McCain (1936 \u2013 2018)\nThe man outlived his usefulness and in the end became a liability to his party, a betrayer his country, and an embarrassment to himself. When Donald Trump made a disparaging remark about his service record, he voted to save the hated Obamacare out of pure vindictiveness.\nThanks for your service, sir, and Godspeed.\nA Simple Suggestion\nREAD JOHN KASS\nDiscount trump\u2026"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,448
https://www.reddit.com/r/canada/comments/i5ng8/a_plea_for_justice_on_national_aboriginal_day_vid/
Reddit - Dive into anything
["Reddit - Dive into anything\nI have nothing to do with anything that happened to the great great great great ancestors of the native Canadians of today. I was born in Canada. My parents were born in Canada. My Grandparents were born in Canada. As far as I'm concerned I'm Native Canadian. I've met native Canadians that somehow think it's appropriate to associate me (\"white person\") with the goons that were responsible for the oppression their ancestors went through 200 years ago and I think it is offensive and unjustified", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nDevilMachine\nNone of us were alive during what happened in those times, so it seems odd to me that people want to hold other people accountable for things that happened to a third set of people that haven't walked the earth for a long time. But there is racism in every group and it will be a long time before it goes away. Sensible people can see beyond it.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nI agree that the collective Aboriginal people in Canada need help. I'm opposed to the idea of just throwing money at the problem. I'm not opposed to tax money being spent to solve the problems, but I have seen very little success for what money has been spent. I think people need to work harder to identify what's going wrong and how it can be dealt with", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nFurther, this information needs to be presented to Canadians better because the common perspective is that many Aboriginals are given a free ride and fail to thrive. I am not suggesting that this is the case, but this is the view I perceive among many non-Aboriginals that I know and meet and I'm not only talking about people of European-descent. I want to see more action taken to build respect between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nfreddysweetgrass\nSee below re the 'ancient history' myth.\nBut money is part of the problem. Yet another myth, which you kind of point out, is that Indigenous peoples are free-loaders. The reality is that there is a tremendous funding disparity for Indigenous peoples compared to non-Indigenous peoples - in health, educations, infrastructure, etc. The unpopular response is nonetheless true, we need to spend more money.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nLastly, why should Native peoples bear the burden for eroding Canadian racism? Is that a Canadian problem?\nI'm not saying Aboriginals exclusively need to erode racism, I'm saying that we all do but also that the government should be actively trying to promote respect between Aboriginals and the rest of Canada by bringing people together. I believe there are attempts at this but little success and that needs to be addressed.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nBut you still benefit from 'anything that happened.' So you have a responsibility to end it. As long as Canadian society prospers while Native societies languish, its entirely appropriate to associate you with this oppression. In addition, if it wasn't clear, all this is ongoing; those stats in the video are contemporary. I wonder what your children and grandchildren in the future will say about the contemporary era, \"it was my grandfather, not me\"?", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nAre you saying all immigrants have a responsibility to end it? How far are you going? A Nigerian immigrant should feel responsible? We have trade relations with Mexico and they benefit from what happened - should they feel responsible? Where is the line", "Reddit - Dive into anything\n? I don't think it's alright for you to associate people that you don't even know with oppression. That is painting with too broad of a brush. It's no different to me than some of the racist views I see in certain non-Aboriginals and it's no way to try to forge respect between yourself and the people you are reaching out to.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nYes, I read your assertion a few times already. And I'm suggesting, again, that you are. Colonization is ongoing, you see. And I expect you do little to stop it (let alone acknowledge it), though you benefit from it. So you're responsible. Just like your grandfather and father, who stood by and also abdicated responsibility, \"its someone else's problem\", etc. but were nonetheless contributors to colonization.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nNo. You benefit from lax labour laws in China. Have you been there? Have you fought against it? Do you believe you're responsible for it", "Reddit - Dive into anything\n? We are all in this together, but we all have are own battles to fight. I agree that Canada needs to take the situation of Aboriginals much more seriously - there are many reserves that don't even have access to clean drinking water and this is a country that holds 10% of the world's supply of clean drinking water - but I want you to understand that it's not fair to hold people accountable for what happened simply because they reside in this country", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nMany people are just getting by and trying to raise a family. These people are not your enemies and if you want their support you should not be trying to blame them for the plight of the Aboriginals. If you're looking for an enemy, look at consumer culture.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nClearly you're a racist. I consider myself native Canadian. I'm not leaving. Get used to it.\nA month ago I was in Toronto and three native canadians tried to jump me for absolutely no fucking reason. I was luckily able to make it into a area with lots of people so they stopped. Do I think of all native canadians the same way I think of the three native degenerates that tried to jump me? Absolutely not. That would be fucking stupid. Grow a fucking brain.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nIts certainly convenient that you were jumped for absolutely no reason by three 'degenerate' 'native canadians' just yesterday! But yes, you're not leaving; I don't expect you to. Just to take responsibility for your colonialism, like all Canadians should.\nI'm not responsible for colonialism you Idiot! That's the entire point. Just like you're not responsible for the actions of other native people.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nThat's a true story by the way. I was downtown toronto and they were trying to pick a fight with me for no fucking reason.\nPeople are people. What makes you think this land belongs to anyone? We're all children of this earth. It's people like you that create problems. People like you that choose to divide and discriminate. You're a racist.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nStatus Indians do not generally pay the federal goods and services tax or provincial sales tax if they buy something on a reserve or if it is destined for a reserve. -Status Indian working on a reserve is exempt from income taxes.\nWhich is fine with me. So long as those who don't pay taxes don't use the healthcare or services that taxes pays for.\nOttawa provides education money to Indian bands, which in turn decide whose education to finance.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nWhich basically means that I (a tax payer) paid for a natives education. Nobody gave me a free ride. I had to work my ass of for school.\nCanada is a nation of nations. There are people born here whose ancestors are from all over the world. Stop trying to tell me that you're entitled to something I'm not because of your birth predisposition. Racist.\nFor someone who uses language like 'children of the earth' you aren't very nice.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nStatus Indians are exempt from certain taxes because they paid all the taxes they'll ever need to pay in the lands and resources they surrendered, which makes this country prosperous.\nCorrespondingly, education is a treaty right. It is not a 'free ride'; in exchange for education, healthcare and economic development help, Canada gained a country. Never forget that you have treaty rights, too.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nAs a taxpayer, you fail to live up to your obligations in this exchange. All Canadians do. Yet, for Native people, we overpaid, we are still overpaying. If you want to end your taxpayer dollars going to Native people, we'll be happy to take the land back.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nIts certainly convenient to eschew the responsibilities of Canada towards Indigenous peoples by playing the 'move on' card (which, I guess, means the 'the plea for justice on National Aboriginal Day' was ineffectual). or the 'we're all the same' card (tell that to all the victims of racism and discrimination because they're Mohawk, Cree or Crow).", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nI'm not bound by any treaty that was signed whenever it was by the retards who felt they could label a land to belong or not belong to any certain peoples. I didn't have any say in the matter and am not a part of any colonialist pursuit. Every person that is born on this planet is entitled to the resources on it equally imo. You should get no special privileges.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nWhat you're trying to do is say that there is a difference between one child and another child that is born in this country. That one child is somehow responsible for events that took place in the past while the other is not. This (of course) is unfounded, misinformed, short sighted and blatantly racist. It has absolutely no merit. It's why people don't take your idea seriously. Because It's so ridiculously absurd. Civilized people realized that racism is foolish(the nazi's lost)", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nIt's something that lives in ignorant people that have been manipulated by ignorant cultures. When people see racism like that these days most just become quiet and sympathetic. It's like dam that dumb fuck still hasn't figured it out yet. People are people. I owe you nothing.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nWell, its not just my perspective or opinion, its the opinion of Canadian law, which I assume you subscribe to. But \"unfounded, misinformed, short sighted\" is exactly how I'd describe you. You don't seem to be aware that we continue to make treaties today and there are many more to be made; that our constitution includes 'aboriginal rights', which are indeed, a right non-Aboriginal Canadians don't enjoy (enjoy is relative in this sense)", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nOr that racism is rampant against Indigenous peoples - indeed being born 'Aboriginal' does not often equate to advantage. We are more likely to die of violence, be incarcerated, lack clean water or sanitation, be unemployed, uneducated, and so on.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nCivilization, eh? That's a good one.\njaquefroid\nright at the end I was all excited about reading what should have been done...\nis there a place where the aboriginal proposal for a solution exists... in jot note form?\nedit it seems that the idea is just that the canadian gov't is simply supposed to honour the treaties that it signed in the past... seems legit to me.", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nCanada - the country, people, culture, and yeah, the hockey, snow and all things Canadian \u2014 We decided on this description politely \u2014 Notre sub est bilingue, veuillez soumettre vos articles et vos postes dans la langue officielle qui vous pla\u00eet \u2014 Please note we are not affiliated in any way with the Government of Canada. We cannot provide any guidance with respect to services and information. Official services and information can be accessed at canada.ca\nr/canada Rules", "Reddit - Dive into anything\nEditorialized or sensationalized headline\nAntagonistic to another user\nPost doesn't relate to /r/Canada\nLow content\nTrolling: disrupting normal, on-topic discussion\nDuplicate or similar post already exists\nFlooding r/Canada with articles\nr/alberta\nr/britishcolumbia\nr/Manitoba\nr/newbrunswickcanada\nr/newfoundland\nr/NovaScotia\nr/ontario\nr/PEI\nr/Quebec\nr/saskatchewan\nr/NWT\nr/nunavut\nr/Yukon\nr/CanadianForces\nr/francophonie\nr/CalgaryFlames\nr/EdmontonOilers\nr/Habs\nr/OttawaSenators\nr/leafs\nr/canucks\nr/winnipegjets"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,450
http://www.math.wpi.edu/Course_Materials/MA1024B05_Lurie/ex/node1.html
MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values
["MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nLocating Global Extrema\nMA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nThe purpose of this lab is to acquaint you with techniques for finding and classifying local and global extreme values of functions of two variables.\nTo assist you, there is a worksheet associated with this lab that contains examples. You can copy that worksheet to your home directory with the following command, which must be run in a terminal window, not in Maple.\ncp /math/calclab/MA1024/Extrema2D_start.mws My_Documents", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nYou can copy the worksheet now, but you should read through the lab before you load it into Maple. Once you have read to the exercises, start up Maple, load the worksheet Extrema2D_start.mws, and go through it carefully. Then you can start working on the exercises.", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nMany applications of calculus involve finding the maximum and minimum values of functions. For example, suppose that there is a network of electrical power generating stations, each with its own cost for producing power, with the cost per unit of power at each station changing with the amount of power it generates. An important problem for the network operators is to determine how much power each station should generate to minimize the total cost of generating a given amount of power.", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nA crucial first step in solving such problems is being able to find and classify local extreme values of a function. What we mean by a function having a local extreme value at a point is that for values of near , for a local maximum and for a local minimum.", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nIn single-variable calculus, we found that we could locate candidates for local extreme values by finding points where the first derivative vanishes. For functions of two dimensions, the condition is that both first order partial derivatives must vanish at a local extreme value candidate point. Such a point is called a stationary point. It is also one of the three types of points called critical points", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nNote carefully that the condition does not say that a point where the partial derivatives vanish must be a local extreme point. Rather, it says that stationary points are candidates for local extrema. Just as was the case for functions of a single variable, there can be stationary points that are not extrema. For example, the saddle surface has a stationary point at the origin, but it is not a local extremum.", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nFinding and classifying the local extreme values of a function requires several steps. First, the partial derivatives must be computed. Then the stationary points must be solved for, which is not always a simple task.\nNext, one must check for the presence of singular points, which might also be local extreme values. Finally, each critical point must be classified as a local maximum, local minimum, or neither using the second-partials test\nIf and then is a local minimum.\nIf and then is a local maximum.", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nIf then is a saddle point.\nIf then no conclusion can be made.\nThe examples in the Getting Started worksheet are intended to help you learn how to use Maple to simplify these tasks.", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nIn one-dimensional calculus, the absolute or global extreme values of a function occur either at a point where the derivative is zero, a boundary point, or where the derivative fails to exist. The situation for a function of two variables is very similar, but the problem is much more difficult because the boundary now consists of curves instead of just endpoints of intervals. For example, suppose that we wanted to find the global extreme values of a function on the rectangle", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nThe basic theorem on the existence of global maximum and minimum values is the following.\nTheorem 1 Suppose is continuous on a closed, bounded set , then attains its absolute maximum value at some point in and absolute minimum value at some point in .", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nThis theorem only says that the extrema exist, but doesn't help at all in finding them. However, we know that the global extrema occur either at local extrema, on the boundary of the region, or at points where one or the other partial derivative fails to exist. For example, to find the extreme values of a function on the rectangle given above, you would first have to find the interior critical points and then find the extreme values for the four one-dimensional functions", "MA 1024: Finding and Classifying Extreme Values\nFind and classify the stationary points for the following function.\nConsider the function\nFind the absolute extrema of this function on the rectangle , ."]
null
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https://spartacus-educational.com/STUwinstanley.htm
History of Socialism
["History of Socialism\nHistory of Socialism >\nGerrard Winstanley\nThe New Law of Righteousness\nGerrard Winstanley and the Diggers\nThe Law of Freedom\nGerrard Winstanley, the son of a mercer, was born in Wigan in October, 1609. There is no evidence that the family was of anything but modest standing in the parish. It is frequently assumed that Winstanley attended the local grammar school but no enrolment records for the period are extant. (1)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley's family was involved in the cloth trade. At the time the town was known as a centre of the woollen and linen manufacture, drawing both on local supplies and imports of linen flax from Ireland. Many of its inhabitants were also becoming involved with new branches of manufacture, especially cotton. (2)", "History of Socialism\nOn 19th April 1630, when he was 20 years old, he was apprenticed to Sarah Gater, who ran a cloth business in the London parish of St Michael Cornhill. He took a keen interest in religion and was described as \"a good Christian, and a godly man.\" (3)\nBy 1638 he was admitted a freeman of the Merchant Taylors' Company and by the following year had established his own household in the parish of St Olave Jewry where he was involved in the business of buying and selling textiles on credit. (4)", "History of Socialism\nIn September 1640 Winstanley married the 27-year-old Susan King. She came from a medical family. Her mother was a midwife and her father, William King, was a prominent surgeon, and two of her sisters had married surgeons earlier the same year. (5)", "History of Socialism\nOn 4 January 1642, Charles I sent his soldiers to arrest John Pym, Arthur Haselrig, John Hampden, Denzil Holles and William Strode. The five men managed to escape before the soldiers arrived. Members of Parliament no longer felt safe from Charles and decided to form their own army. After failing to arrest the Five Members, Charles fled from London formed a Royalist Army (Cavaliers). His opponents established a Parliamentary Army (Roundheads) and it was the beginning of the English Civil War", "History of Socialism\nGerrard Winstanley was a \"vigorous supporter of parliament\" but the war had a bad impact on his business. Several merchants, including Philip Peake and Matthew Backhouse, were unable to pay money they owed Winstanley. In the autumn of 1643 he vacated his house and shop in London and moved to Cobham", "History of Socialism\nHe later wrote: \"the burdens of and for the soldiery in the beginning of the war, I was beaten out of both estate and trade, and forced to accept the good-will of friends, crediting of me, to live a country life.\" (7)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley explained that he was no longer willing to work in the cloth trade. \"For matter of buying and selling, the earth stinks with such unrighteousness, that for my part, though I as bred a tradesman, yet it is so hard a thing to pick out a poor living, that a man shall sooner be cheated of his bread, then get bread by trading among men, if by plain dealing he put trust in any.\" (8)", "History of Socialism\nOnly a small number of those who opposed the king in the English Civil War were committed republicans and few of those who took part in these events would have considered themselves revolutionaries. (9) However, some of those fighting did want to change society. In 1645 John Lilburne, John Wildman, Richard Overton and William Walwyn formed a new political party called the Levellers", "History of Socialism\nTheir political programme included: voting rights for all adult males, annual elections, complete religious freedom, an end to the censorship of books and newspapers, the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords, trial by jury, an end to taxation of people earning less than \u00a330 a year and a maximum interest rate of 6%. (10)", "History of Socialism\nIt has been claimed that the ideas of people like Lilburne, Wildman, Overton and Walwyn, had an impact on Winstanley. It is also believed that another source of inspiration was the work of John Foxe. However, David Petegorsky, has argued that \"to search for the sources of Winstanley's theological conceptions would be as futile as to attempt to identify the streams that have contributed to the bucket of water one has drawn from the sea.\" (11)", "History of Socialism\nDuring the war life was hard for people living in Cobham. Most people living in the village were landless labourers and the area was dominated by a few entrepreneurial yeomen farmers and gentry. Winstanley was one of the more prosperous farmers but he had sympathy for the poor. On 10th April 1646 Winstanley, with five other men and two women, was fined at Cobham manorial court for digging on waste land and taking peat and turf. According to J. D", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley published four pamphlets in 1648. These were highly critical of religious leaders who \"hold forth God and Christ to be at a distance from men\" or think that \"God is in the Heavens above the skies\". Winstanley argued that God is \"the spirit within you\". Winstanley then went on to describe God \"doth not preserve one creature and destroy another..", "History of Socialism\nbut he hath a regard to the whole creation; and knits every creature together into oneness; making every creature to be an upholder of his fellow; and so every one is an assistant to preserve the whole.\" (13)", "History of Socialism\nIn October 1648 Winstanley's friend William Everard was arrested. It was reported that he held blasphemous opinions \"as to deny God, and Christ, and Scriptures, and prayer\". (14) His arrest prompted Winstanley to publish Truth Lifting up the Head above Scandals (1648), in which he asked who has the authority to restrain religious differences", "History of Socialism\n? He argued that Scripture, on which traditionally authority rested, was unsafe because there were no undisputed texts, translations, or interpretations. Winstanley concluded that authority should be based in the spirit. \"All people carried the spirit, and thus their own authority, within them. The academics and clergy were following their own imaginations rather than the spirit and... must be seen as false prophets\". (15)", "History of Socialism\nGerrard Winstanley gradually became more radical and he began arguing that all land belonged to the community rather than to separate individuals. In January, 1649, he published the The New Law of Righteousness. In the pamphlet he wrote: \"In the beginning of time God made the earth. Not one word was spoken at the beginning that one branch of mankind should rule over another, but selfish imaginations did set up one man to teach and rule over another.\" (16)\nThe New Law of Righteousness (1649)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley claimed that the scriptures threatened \"misery to rich men\" and that they \"shall be turned out of all, and their riches given to a people that will bring forth better fruit, and such as they have oppressed shall inherit the land.\" He did not only blame the wealthy for this situation. As John Gurney has pointed out, Winstanley argued: \"The poor should not just be seen as an object of pity, for the part they played in upholding the curse had also to be addressed", "History of Socialism\nPrivate property, and the poverty, inequality and exploitation attendant upon it, was, like the corruption of religion, kept in being not only by the rich but also by those who worked for them.\" (17)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley claimed that God would punish the poor if they did not take action: \"Therefore you dust of the earth, that are trod under foot, you poor people, that makes both scholars and rich men, your oppressors by your labours... If you labour the earth, and work for others that live at ease, and follows the ways of the flesh by your labours, eating the bread which you get by the sweat of your brows, not their own", "History of Socialism\nKnow this, that the hand of the Lord shall break out upon such hireling labourer, and you shall perish with the covetous rich man.\" (18)", "History of Socialism\nOn Sunday 1st April, 1649, Winstanley, William Everard, and a small group of about 30 or 40 men and women started digging and sowing vegetables on the wasteland of St George's Hill in the parish of Walton. They were mainly labouring men and their families, and they confidently hoped that five thousand others would join them. (19)", "History of Socialism\nThe men sowed the ground with parsnips, carrots, and beans. They also stated that they \"intended to plough up the ground and sow it with seed corn\". (20) Research shows that new people joined the community over the next few months. Most of these were local inhabitants. These men became known as Diggers. (21)", "History of Socialism\nJohn Gurney has argued that \"Everard's flamboyant character and his preference for confrontation over presentation helped to ensure that in the early days of the digging he was more quickly noticed than the more self-effacing Winstanley, and many observers assumed that it was he, rather than Winstanley, who was the real leader of the Diggers\". (22)", "History of Socialism\nAccording to Peter Ackroyd, Everard proclaimed in a vision by God to \"dig and plough the land\" and that the Diggers believed in a form of \"agrarian communism\" and that that it was time for the English to free themselves from the the tyranny of Norman landlords and to make \"the earth a common treasury for all.\" (23)", "History of Socialism\nLaurence Clarkson claimed that he had supported the ideas of Winstanley and had spent some time digging on the commons. However, Winstanley strongly disapproved of Clarkson's sexual ideas and condemned the \"Ranting crew\" and he warned fellow Diggers to steer clear of \"lust of the flesh\" and \"the practise of Ranting\". (24)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley announced his intentions in a manifesto entitled The True Levellers Standard Advanced (1649). It opened with the words: \"In the beginning of time, the great Creator Reason, made the Earth to be a Common Treasury, to preserve Beasts, Birds, Fishes, and Man, the lord that was to govern this Creation; for Man had Domination given to him, over the Beasts, Birds, and Fishes; but not one word was spoken in the beginning, that one branch of mankind should rule over another.\" (25)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley argued for a society without money or wages: \"The earth is to be planted and the fruits reaped and carried into barns and storehouses by the assistance of every family. And if any man or family want corn or other provision, they may go to the storehouses and fetch without money. If they want a horse to ride, go into the fields in summer, or to the common stables in winter, and receive one from the keepers, and when your journey is performed, bring him where you had him, without money.\" (26)", "History of Socialism\nThe Diggers (1649)\nDigger groups also took over land in Kent (Cox Hill), Buckinghamshire (Iver) and Northamptonshire (Wellingborough). A. L. Morton has argued that Winstanley and his followers used the argument that William the Conqueror had \"turned the English out of their birthrights; and compelled them for necessity to be servants to him and to his Norman soldiers.\" Winstanley responded to this situation by advocating what Morton describes as \"primitive communism\". (27)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley's writings suggested that he shared the view held by the Anabaptists that all institutions were by their nature corrupt: \"nature tells us that if water stands long it corrupts; whereas running water keeps sweet and is fit for common use\". To prevent power corrupting individuals he advocated that all officials should be elected every year", "History of Socialism\n\"When public officers remain long in place of judicature they will degenerate from the bounds of humility, honesty and tender care of brethren, in regard the heart of man is so subject to be overspread with the clouds of covetousness, pride, vain glory.\" (28)", "History of Socialism\nLocal landowners were very disturbed by these developments. According to one historian, John F. Harrison: \"They were repeatedly attacked and beaten; their crops were uprooted, their tools destroyed, and their rough houses.\" (29) Oliver Cromwell also condemned the actions of the Diggers: \"What is the purport of the levelling principle but to make the tenant as liberal a fortune as the landlord. I was by birth a gentleman. You must cut these people in pieces or they will cut you in pieces.\" (30)", "History of Socialism\nOn 16th April 1649, Henry Saunders, a yeoman of the parish, complained to the council of state about the growing number of Diggers, now \"between 20 and 30\"", "History of Socialism\nA report was sent to General Thomas Fairfax, the commander of the army, stating that \"although the pretence of their being there by them avowed may seem very ridiculous, yet that conflux of people may be a beginning whence things of a greater and more dangerous consequence may grow to this disturbance of the peace and quiet of the Commonwealth.\" It suggested that Fairfax should send some troops to disperse the Diggers and prevent them from returning to St George's Hill. (31)", "History of Socialism\nGeneral Fairfax sent Captain John Gladman was sent to St George's Hill and found only four men digging. The camp had already been dealt with by local inhabitants: \"They have digged in all about an acre of land, but it is trampled down by the country people, who would not suffer them to dig one day more.\" (32)", "History of Socialism\nOn 20th April, Gerrard Winstanley and William Everard, appeared before General Fairfax in London. Both men, because of their political beliefs, refused to remove their hats in the presence of the General. Everard told Fairfax that since the Norman Conquest, England had lived under a tyranny", "History of Socialism\nHe assured Fairfax that he and his fellows did not intend either to interfere with private property or to destroy enclosures, but that they were merely claiming the commons which were the rightful possession of the poor. The two men made it clear that they intended to cultivate the wastelands in common and to provide sustenance for the distressed.\" (33)", "History of Socialism\nGerrard Winstanley wrote to General Fairfax in June 1649 explaining his objectives: \"And the truth is, experience shows us, that in this work of Community in the earth, and in the fruits of the earth, is seen plainly a pitched battle between the Lamb and the Dragon, between the Spirit of love, humility and righteousness... and the power of envy, pride, and unrighteousness ..", "History of Socialism\nthe latter power striving to hold the Creation under slavery, and to lock and hide the glory thereof from man: the former power labouring to deliver Creation from slavery, to unfold the secrets of it to the sons of man, and so to manifest himself to be the great restorer of all things.\" (34)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley continued his experiment and on 1st June he published A Declaration from the Poor Oppressed People of England, that was signed by 44 people. It stated that while waiting for their first crop yields, they proposed to sell wood from the commons in order to buy food, ploughs, carts, and corn", "History of Socialism\nNo threat would be made to private property, but \"the promises of reformation and liberation made from the solemn league and covenant through to the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords must be honoured\". (35)", "History of Socialism\nInstructions were given for the Diggers to be beaten up and for their houses, crops and tools to be destroyed. These tactics were successful and within a year all the Digger communities in England had been wiped out. A number of Diggers were indicted at the Surrey quarter sessions and five were imprisoned for just over a month in the White Lion prison in Southwark. (36)", "History of Socialism\nDespite the hostility Winstanley's experiment continued and in January 1650 \"having put my arm as far as my strength will go to advance righteousness: I have writ, I have acted, I have peace: and now I must wait to see the spirit do his own work in the hearts of others, and whether England shall be the first land, or some other, wherein truth shall sit down in triumph.\" (37)", "History of Socialism\nOn 19th April, 1650, a group of local landowners, including John Platt, Thomas Sutton, William Starr and William Davy, with several hired men, destroyed the Digger community in Cobham: \"They set fire to six houses, and burned them down, and burned likewise some of the household stuff... not pitying the cries of many little children, and their frightened mothers.... they kicked a poor man's wife, so that she miscarried her child.\" (38)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley returned to farming his own land. The historian, Alfred Leslie Rowse, quoted one source that claimed he had made a \"most shameful retreat from George's Hill, with a spirit of pretended universality, to become a real tithe-gather of propriety\". Rowse harshly argues that \"Winstanley was no better than the rest of the Saints - out of his own ends.\" (39)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley's best-known work, The Law of Freedom, was published in February 1652 after twenty months of silence following the collapse of the digging experiments. It appears to have been an attempt to enlist the power and influence of Oliver Cromwell. And now you have the power of the land in your hand, you must do one of these two things", "History of Socialism\nFirst, either set the land free to the oppressed commoners, who assisted you, and paid the Army their wages; and then you will fulfil the Scriptures and your own engagements, and so take possession of your deserved honour. Or secondly, you must only remove the Conqueror's power out of the King's hand into other men's, maintaining the old laws still.\"", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley urged Cromwell not to establish a dictatorship: \"For you (Cromwell) must either establish Commonwealth's freedom in power, making provision for every one's peace, which is righteousness, or else you must set up Monarchy again. Monarchy is twofold, either for one king to reign or for many to reign by kingly promotion", "History of Socialism\nAnd if either one king rules or many rule by king's principles, much murmuring, grudges, trouble and quarrels may and will arise among the oppressed people on every gained opportunity.\" (40)", "History of Socialism\nMarxist writers in the 19th century such as Eduard Bernstein and Karl Kautsky have claimed that in this pamphlet Winstanley had provided a complete framework for a socialist order. John F. Harrison, the author of The Common People (1984) has pointed out: \"Winstanley has an honoured place in the pantheon of the Left as a pioneer communist", "History of Socialism\nIn the history of the common people he is also representative of that other minority tradition of popular religious radicalism, which, although it reached a crescendo during the Interregnum, had existed since the Middle Ages and was to continue into modern times. Totally opposed to the established church and also separate from (yet at times overlapping) orthodox puritanism, was a third culture which was lower-class and heretical", "History of Socialism\nAt its centre was a belief in the direct relationship between God and man, without the need of any institution or formal rites. Emphasis was on an inner spiritual experience and obedience to the voice of God within each man and woman.\" (41)", "History of Socialism\nIn about 1555 Winstanley became active in the Society of Friends (Quakers), a religious group established by George Fox. It was later claimed by Thomas Tenison, that Winstanley was the true originator of the principles of Quakerism. (42) Lewis H. Berens suggested that the similarities between Winstanley's ideas and those of the Quakers were too great to be wholly coincidental. (43) However, William C", "History of Socialism\nBraithwaite, while accepting the similarities between the ideas of Winstanley and Fox, felt the Digger and the founder of Quakerism were most likely to be \"independent products of the peculiar social and spiritual climate of the age.\" (44)", "History of Socialism\nIn 1657 Winstanley was given extra land by his father-in-law, William King. When he heard the news Laurence Clarkson attacked him for \"a most shameful retreat from Georges-hill\u2026 to become a real Tithe-gatherer of propriety.\" After the death of his first wife, Susan Winstanley in 1664 he married Elizabeth Stanley. They had a son (baptized Gerrard in 1665) and subsequently a daughter and a second son. In 1667 and 1668 Winstanley served as a churchwarden. (45)\nGerrard Winstanley died on 10th September, 1676.", "History of Socialism\nBy John Simkin ([email protected]) \u00a9 September 1997 (updated November 2016).\n\u25b2 Main Article \u25b2\n(1) Gerrard Winstanley, statement (April, 1649)\nThe work we are going about is this, to dig up George's Hill and the waste grounds thereabouts, and sow corn, and to eat our bread together by the sweat of our brows.", "History of Socialism\nAnd the first reason is this, that we may work in righteousness, and lay the foundation of making the earth a common treasury for all, both rich and poor, that everyone that is born in the land may be fed by the earth his mother that brought him forth, according to the reason that rules in the creation.\n(2) Gerrard Winstanley, letter to General Thomas Fairfax (June, 1649)", "History of Socialism\nWe understand, that our digging upon that Common, is the talk of the whole land; some approving, some disowning. Some are friends, filled with love, and sees the work intends good to the Nation, the peace whereof is that which we seek after. Others are enemies filled with fury, and falsely report of us, that we have intent to fortify ourselves, and afterwards to fight against others, and take away their goods from them, which is a thing we abhor", "History of Socialism\nAnd many other slanders we rejoice over, because we know ourselves clear, our endeavour being no otherwise, but to improve the Commons, and to cast off that oppression and outward bondage which the Creation groans under, as much as in us lies, and to lift up and preserve the purity thereof.", "History of Socialism\nAnd the truth is, experience shows us, that in this work of Community in the earth, and in the fruits of the earth, is seen plainly a pitched battle between the Lamb and the Dragon, between the Spirit of love, humility and righteousness ... and the power of envy, pride, and unrighteousness ..", "History of Socialism\nthe latter power striving to hold the Creation under slavery, and to lock and hide the glory thereof from man: the former power labouring to deliver Creation from slavery, to unfold the secrets of it to the sons of man, and so to manifest himself to be the great restorer of all things.", "History of Socialism\n(3) Gerrard Winstanley, The True Levellers Standard Advanced (1649)\nIn the beginning of time God made the earth... Not one word was spoken at the beginning that one branch of mankind should rule over another, but selfish imaginations did set up one man to teach and rule over another... Landowners either got their land by murder or theft... And thereby man was brought into bondage, and became a greater slave than the beasts of the field were to him.", "History of Socialism\n(4) Gerrard Winstanley, The New Law of Righteousness (1649)\nAnd let all men say what they will, so long as such are rulers as call the land theirs, upholding this particular propriety of mine and thine, the common people shall never have their liberty, nor the land be ever freed from troubles, oppressions, and complainings, by reason whereof the Creator of all things is continually provoked.", "History of Socialism\nThe man of the flesh judges it a righteous thing that some men who are cloathed with the objects of the earth, and so called rich men, whether it be got by right or wrong, should be magistrates to rule over the poor; and that the poor should be servants, nay, rather slaves, to the rich", "History of Socialism\nBut the spiritual man, which is Christ, doth judge according to the light of equity and reason, that all mankind ought to have a quiet subsistence and freedom to live upon earth; and that there should be no bondman nor beggar in all his holy mountain.", "History of Socialism\nNo man shall have any more land than he can labor himself or have others to labor with him in love, working together, and eating bread together, as one of the tribes or families of Israel neither giving nor taking hire.\n(5) Gerrard Winstanley, The Law of Freedom (1652)", "History of Socialism\nThat which is yet waiting on your part to be done is this, to see the oppressor's power to be cast out with his person; and to see that the free possession of the land and liberties be put into the hands of the oppressed commoners of England.", "History of Socialism\nAnd now you have the power of the land in your hand, you must do one of these two things. First, either set the land free to the oppressed commoners, who assisted you, and paid the Army their wages; and then you will fulfil the Scriptures and your own engagements, and so take possession of your deserved honour. Or secondly, you must only remove the Conqueror's power out of the King's hand into other men's, maintaining the old laws still.", "History of Socialism\nKingly government governs the earth by that cheating art of buying and selling, and thereby becomes a man of contention his hand is against every man, and every man's hand against him. And take this government at the best, it is a diseased government and the very City Babylon, full of confusion, and if it had not a club law to support it there would be no order in it, because it is the covetous and proud will of a conqueror, enslaving the conquered people.", "History of Socialism\nThis kingly government is he who beats pruning hooks and ploughs into spears, guns, swords, and instruments of war; that he might take his younger brother's creational birth-right from him, calling the earth his, and not his brother's, unless his brother will hire the earth of him; so that he may live idle and at ease by his brother's labours.", "History of Socialism\nIndeed this government may well be called the government of highwaymen, who hath stolen the earth from the younger brethren by force, and holds it from them by force. He sheds blood not to free the people from oppression, but that he may be king and ruler over an oppressed people....", "History of Socialism\nCommonwealth's government governs the earth without buying and selling and thereby becomes a man of peace, and the restorer of ancient peace and freedom. He makes provision for the oppressed, the weak and the simple, as well as for the rich, the wise and the strong. He beats swords and spears into pruning hooks and ploughs. He makes both elder and younger brother freemen in the earth.", "History of Socialism\nWhen public officers remain long in place of judicature they will degenerate from the bounds of humility, honesty and tender care of brethren, in regard the heart of man is so subject to be overspread with the clouds of covetousness, pride, vain glory", "History of Socialism\nFor though at first entrance into places of rule they be of public spirit, seeking the freedom of others as their own; yet continuing long in such a place, where honours and greatness is coming in, they become selfish, seeking themselves and not common freedom; as experience proves it true in these days, according to this common proverb, Great offices in a land and army have changed the disposition of many sweet-spirited men.", "History of Socialism\nAnd nature tells us that if water stands long it corrupts; whereas running water keeps sweet and is fit for common use. Therefore as the necessity of common preservation moves the people to frame a law, and to choose officers to see the law obeyed, that they may live in peace: so doth the same necessity bid the people, and cries aloud in the ears and eyes of England, to choose new officers and to remove old ones, and to choose state officers every year.", "History of Socialism\nThe Commonwealth hereby will be furnished with able and experienced men, fit to govern, which will mightily advance the honour and peace of our land, occasion the more watchful care in the education of children, and in time will make our Commonwealth of England the lily among the nations of the earth.", "History of Socialism\nThe earth is to be planted and the fruits reaped and carried into barns and storehouses by the assistance of every family. And if any man or family want corn or other provision, they may go to the storehouses and fetch without money. If they want a horse to ride, go into the fields in summer, or to the common stables in winter, and receive one from the keepers, and when your journey is performed, bring him where you had him, without money", "History of Socialism\nIf any plant food or victuals, they may either go to the butchers' shops, and receive what they want without money - or else go to the flocks of sheep, or herds of cattle, and take and kill what meat is needful for their families, without buying and selling.", "History of Socialism\nFor you (Cromwell) must either establish Commonwealth's freedom in power, making provision for every one's peace, which is righteousness, or else you must set up Monarchy again. Monarchy is twofold, either for one king to reign or for many to reign by kingly promotion. And if either one king rules or many rule by king's principles, much murmuring, grudges, trouble and quarrels may and will arise among the oppressed people on every gained opportunity.\n(10) John F. C. Harrison, The Common People (1984)", "History of Socialism\nWinstanley has an honoured place in the pantheon of the Left as a pioneer communist. In the history of the common people he is also representative of that other minority tradition of popular religious radicalism, which, although it reached a crescendo during the Interregnum, had existed since the Middle Ages and was to continue into modern times", "History of Socialism\nTotally opposed to the established church and also separate from (yet at times overlapping) orthodox puritanism, was a third culture which was lower-class and heretical. At its centre was a belief in the direct relationship between God and man, without the need of any institution or formal rites. Emphasis was on an inner spiritual experience and obedience to the voice of God within each man and woman", "History of Socialism\nJohn Lilburne and Parliamentary Reform (Answer Commentary)\nThe Diggers and Oliver Cromwell (Answer Commentary)\nMilitary Tactics in the Civil War (Answer Commentary)\nWomen in the Civil War (Answer Commentary)\nPortraits of Oliver Cromwell (Answer Commentary)\nOliver Cromwell in Ireland (Answer Commentary)\nExecution of King Charles I (Answer Commentary)\n(1) J. D. Alsop, Gerrard Winstanley : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004-2014)", "History of Socialism\n(2) Christopher Hill, The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas in the English Revolution (1972) page 11\n(3) John Gurney, Gerrard Winstanley (2013) page 13\n(6) G. M. Trevelyan, English Social History (1942) page 256\n(9) Blair Worden, The Rump Parliament (1974) page 25\n(10) John F. Harrison, The Common People (1984) page 198\n(11) David Petegorsky, Left-Wing Democracy in the English Civil War (1940) page 125\n(12) J. D. Alsop, Gerrard Winstanley : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004-2014)", "History of Socialism\n(13) John Gurney, Gerrard Winstanley (2013) page 28\n(14) Ariel Hessayon, William Everard: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004-2014)\n(16) Gerrard Winstanley, The New Law of Righteousness (1649)\n(18) Thomas N. Corns (editor), The Complete Works of Gerrard Winstanley (2009) page 513\n(21) John Gurney, Brave Community: The Digger Movement in the English Revolution (2013) page 128\n(23) Peter Ackroyd, The Civil War (2014) page 214\n(25) Gerrard Winstanley, The True Levellers Standard Advanced (1649)", "History of Socialism\n(27) A. L. Morton, A People's History of England (1938) page 217\n(30) Oliver Cromwell, letter (4th September, 1654) quoted by Thomas Carlyle, Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches: Volume II (1886) page 90\n(34) Gerrard Winstanley, letter to General Thomas Fairfax (June, 1649)\n(37) Gerrard Winstanley, New Year's Gift (1650)\n(39) Alfred Leslie Rowse, Reflections on the Puritan Revolution (1986) page 211\n(40) Gerrard Winstanley, The Law of Freedom (1652)", "History of Socialism\n(42) Thomas Tenison, An Argument for Union (1683) pages 8-9\n(43) Lewis H. Berens, The Digger Movement in the Days of the Commonwealth (1906) page 43\n(44) William C. Braithwaite, The Second Period of Quakerism (1955) pages 556-557\nThe Digger Movement"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,451
https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1404079475-2134843567&term_occur=86&term_src=title:15:chapter:2B:section:78c
Definition: security-based swap from 15 USC § 78c(a)(68)(B) | LII / Legal Information Institute
["Definition: security-based swap from 15 USC \u00a7 78c(a)(68)(B) | LII / Legal Information Institute\n(B)The term \u201csecurity-based swap\u201d shall be construed to include a master agreement that provides for an agreement, contract, or transaction that is a security-based swap pursuant to subparagraph (A), together with all supplements to any such master agreement, without regard to whether the master agreement contains an agreement, contract, or transaction that is not a security-based swap pursuant to subparagraph (A), except that the master agreement shall be considered to be a security-based swap only with respect to each agreement, contract, or transaction under the master agreement that is a security-based swap pursuant to subparagraph (A)."]
null
{"partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "www.law.cornell.edu", "date_download": "2018-07-15T19:27:41Z", "digest": "sha1:XEDREV5GXTLUBYXNG2W73FAU5VUJKNFQ", "quality_signals": "{\"ccnet_length\": [[0, 734, 734.0]], \"ccnet_original_length\": [[0, 734, 767.0]], \"ccnet_nlines\": [[0, 734, 5.0]], \"ccnet_original_nlines\": [[0, 734, 6.0]], \"ccnet_language_score\": [[0, 734, 0.92]], \"ccnet_perplexity\": [[0, 734, 248.2]], \"ccnet_bucket\": [[0, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_curly_bracket\": [[0, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_ldnoobw_words\": [[0, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_lorem_ipsum\": [[0, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_stop_word_fraction\": [[0, 734, 0.38095238]], \"rps_doc_ut1_blacklist\": [[0, 734, null]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams\": [[0, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams\": [[0, 734, 0.34511785]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams\": [[0, 734, 0.34511785]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams\": [[0, 734, 0.34511785]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams\": [[0, 734, 0.15824916]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams\": [[0, 734, 0.15824916]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram\": [[0, 734, 0.12626263]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram\": [[0, 734, 0.12121212]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram\": [[0, 734, 0.15151515]], \"rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words\": [[0, 734, 0.04081633]], \"rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis\": [[0, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words\": [[0, 734, 0.20408163]], \"rps_doc_frac_unique_words\": [[0, 734, 0.48648649]], \"rps_doc_mean_word_length\": [[0, 734, 5.35135135]], \"rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio\": [[0, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_unigram_entropy\": [[0, 734, 3.6869907]], \"rps_doc_word_count\": [[0, 734, 111.0]], \"rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark\": [[0, 649, 1.0], [649, 672, 0.0], [672, 689, 0.0], [689, 715, 0.0], [715, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_javascript_counts\": [[0, 649, 0.0], [649, 672, 0.0], [672, 689, 0.0], [689, 715, 0.0], [715, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_num_words\": [[0, 649, 96.0], [649, 672, 4.0], [672, 689, 2.0], [689, 715, 5.0], [715, 734, 4.0]], \"rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction\": [[0, 649, 0.0], [649, 672, 0.375], [672, 689, 0.0], [689, 715, 0.0], [715, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint\": [[0, 649, 0.0], [649, 672, 0.0], [672, 689, 0.0], [689, 715, 0.0], [715, 734, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction\": [[0, 649, 0.00770416], [649, 672, 0.17391304], [672, 689, 0.05882353], [689, 715, 0.03846154], [715, 734, 0.05263158]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 734, 0.14878941]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 734, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 734, 0.00358927]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 734, -53.0058704]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 734, -6.46307097]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 734, -20.67956549]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 734, 3.0]]}"}
RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,456
http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2009/c03209e.php?query=search
S.M. 2009, c. 32
["S.M. 2009, c. 32\nConsolidated Acts: C.C.S.M. Acts Municipal Acts Private Acts\nOriginal Acts: Annual chapters Public (non-CCSM) Acts\nConsolidated regulations\nOriginal regulations\nCourt of Queen's Bench: civil rules criminal rules (SI 2016-34)\nCourt of Appeal: civil rules criminal rules\nManitoba Courts website\nCurrent session: Bills Bills status\nSearch in bills\nAssembly website\nShow full menu Hide full menu\nGovernment home page\nSearch Manitoba Laws\nBills status\nConsolidated Acts\nC.C.S.M. Acts\nMunicipal Acts", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nUnconsolidated Acts\nAnnual Chapters\nPublic General Acts\nUnconsolidated (2000 to present)\nCourt of Queen's Bench Rules\nQ.B. Rules (civil)\nForms (civil)\nQ.B. Rules (criminal)\nC.A. Rules (civil)\nC.A. Rules (criminal)\nManitoba.ca\nOriginal: Annual chapters\nThe Police Services Act\nThis is an unofficial version.\nIf you need an official copy, contact Statutory Publications. Remove search field\nThis search displays only the paragraphs with hits.\nMatch: any of the words all of the words exact phrase Search:", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nYou can use wild cards:\n'*' allows for 0 or more characters (eg. ceas* will match 'cease', 'ceased', 'ceasing' and 'ceases')\n'?' allows for 0 or 1 character (eg. cease? will match 'cease', 'ceases' and 'ceased', but not 'ceasing')\nThis search is not case sensitive.\nS.M. 2009, c. 32\nBill 16, 3rd Session, 39th Legislature\n(Assented to October 8, 2009)\nWHEREAS police services play a critical role in protecting the safety and security of Manitobans;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nAND WHEREAS co-operation between police services and the communities they serve will result in improved safety and security and better relations between police and citizens;\nAND WHEREAS civilian governance and oversight of police services will improve transparency and accountability in the delivery of policing services;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nAND WHEREAS it is desirable that policing services be provided in a manner that recognizes the pluralistic and multicultural character of Manitoba society, and in particular, First Nation, Metis and other aboriginal peoples;\nAND WHEREAS it is recognized that public safety is enhanced as police services become more representative of the communities they serve;\nAND WHEREAS it is important to recognize the rights of victims of crime and their needs in the delivery of policing services;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nAND WHEREAS the importance of safeguarding the fundamental rights protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and The Human Rights Code is recognized by all;\nTHEREFORE HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, enacts as follows:\n1(1) The following definitions apply in this Act.\n\"civilian director\" means the person appointed as the civilian director of the independent investigation unit. (\u00ab directeur civil \u00bb)", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"civilian monitor\" means a person appointed under Part 7 to monitor investigations. (\u00ab observateur civil \u00bb)\n\"commission\" means the Manitoba Police Commission established under section 6. (\u00ab Commission \u00bb)\n\"council\" means the council of a municipality. (\u00ab conseil municipal \u00bb)\n\"department\" means the department of government over which the minister presides and through which this Act is administered. (\u00ab minist\u00e8re \u00bb)", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"director\" means the person appointed as the Director of Policing under section 3. (\u00ab directeur \u00bb)\n\"First Nation\" means a band as defined in the Indian Act (Canada). (\u00ab Premi\u00e8re nation \u00bb)\n\"First Nation police service\" means a police service established under Part 5. (\u00ab service de police de Premi\u00e8res nations \u00bb)\n\"independent investigation unit\" means the unit established under Part 7. (\u00ab unit\u00e9 d'enqu\u00eate ind\u00e9pendante \u00bb)", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"investigator\" means a person selected to serve as an investigator with the independent investigation unit. (\u00ab enqu\u00eateur \u00bb)\n\"minister\" means the minister appointed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council to administer this Act. (\u00ab ministre \u00bb)\n\"municipal police service\" means a police service operated by a municipality under Part 4. (\u00ab service de police municipal \u00bb)\n\"police board\" means the police board for a police service. (\u00ab conseil de police \u00bb)", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"police chief\" means the person appointed as the chief of a police service, and includes an acting chief of a police service. (\u00ab chef de police \u00bb)\n\"police officer\" means a person appointed to serve as a police officer in a police service, and includes a police chief. (\u00ab agent de police \u00bb)\n\"police service\" means a police service established or continued under this Act, but does not include the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (\u00ab service de police \u00bb)\n\"prescribed\" means prescribed by regulation.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"regional police service\" means a police service established under Division 4 of Part 4. (\u00ab service de police r\u00e9gional \u00bb)\n\"special constable\" means a special constable appointed under Part 8. (\u00ab agent de police sp\u00e9cial \u00bb)\n\"urban municipality\" means a city, town, village or other urban municipality formed or continued under The Municipal Act, and includes the City of Winnipeg. (\u00ab municipalit\u00e9 urbaine \u00bb)\nReference to \"Act\" includes regulations", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n1(2) In this Act, a reference to \"this Act\" includes the regulations made under this Act.\nMinister's role\n2 The minister is responsible for ensuring that adequate and effective policing is provided throughout Manitoba.\nDirector of policing\n3 A Director of Policing is to be appointed as provided in The Civil Service Act.\nDirector's responsibilities\n4(1) The director, under the general direction of the minister, is responsible for the following:", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) the oversight and supervision of police services in Manitoba;\n(b) the assessment of policing requirements in Manitoba;\n(c) the co-ordination of policing in Manitoba.\nSpecific duties of director\n4(2) The duties of the director include\n(a) monitoring, inspecting and reporting to the minister on the quality and standard of police services in Manitoba;\n(b) co-ordinating the delivery of policing in Manitoba;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(c) developing and promoting programs to enhance professional practices and standards for police services and police boards;\n(d) consulting with and providing information to the minister, police chiefs, police boards and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on matters relating to law enforcement and policing;\n(e) developing programs and statistical records respecting law enforcement and policing;\n(f) establishing programs to promote cooperation between police services and the public; and", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(g) performing any other duties assigned by the minister.\n5 The director may delegate any power conferred or duty imposed on the director by this Act to an employee of the department.\nCommission established\n6 The Manitoba Police Commission is hereby established.\nDuties of commission\n7 The duties of the commission include", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) providing advice to the minister on regulations dealing with the operation of police services and the conduct of police officers, including regulations prescribing standards for police services and police officers;\n(b) consulting with the public on matters relating to law enforcement and policing, and providing the results of those consultations to the minister;\n(c) developing a policy and procedures manual for police boards and a code of ethical conduct for members of police boards;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(d) arranging for training to be provided to members of police boards and civilian monitors; and\n(e) performing any other duties assigned by the minister.\nStudies by commission\n8(1) The minister may direct the commission to conduct a study on a specific issue relating to law enforcement or policing.\nReport to minister\n8(2) When the commission conducts a study at the request of the minister, it must provide the minister with a report setting out its findings and any recommendations it may have on the issue.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n9(1) The commission is to consist of at least five but no more than nine persons appointed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council.\nMakeup of commission\n9(2) The commission must include at least one member of a First Nation and one Metis person.\nAppointment considerations\n9(3) In appointing persons to the commission, the Lieutenant Governor in Council must take into account the cultural and gender diversity of Manitoba.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n10(1) Members of the commission are to be appointed for the term fixed in the order appointing them, which must not exceed four years, and no member may serve more than two successive terms.\nAppointment continues\n10(2) A member of the commission whose term expires continues to hold office until he or she is reappointed, a successor is appointed or the appointment is revoked.\nChair and vice-chair", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n11(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council must appoint one of the members of the commission as the chair of the commission and another as the vice-chair.\nAuthority of vice-chair\n11(2) The vice-chair has the authority of the chair if the chair is absent or unable to act, or if authorized by the chair.\n12 Any employees required to enable the commission to carry out its duties may be appointed in accordance with The Civil Service Act.\nRESPONSIBILITY FOR PROVIDING POLICING IN MANITOBA", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nPolicing in large urban municipalities\n13(1) An urban municipality with a population over 5,000 must ensure that policing services are provided in the municipality by\n(a) establishing its own police service;\n(b) entering into an agreement with the Government of Canada to have the Royal Canadian Mounted Police provide policing services in the municipality;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(c) entering into an agreement with one or more municipalities to jointly operate a regional police service that will provide policing services in those municipalities; or\n(d) entering into an agreement with another municipality to have that other municipality's police service provide policing services in the municipality.\nPolicing in mid-sized urban municipalities\n13(2) An urban municipality with a population between 750 and 5,000 must ensure that policing services are provided in the municipality by", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) entering into an agreement with the Government of Manitoba to have the Royal Canadian Mounted Police provide policing services in the municipality under an agreement entered into under section 18;\n(d) entering into an agreement with another municipality to have the police service for that other municipality provide policing services in the municipality.\nPolicing in other areas of Manitoba", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n14(1) Unless policing services are being provided in accordance with subsection (2), the minister must ensure that policing services are provided in\n(a) an urban municipality with a population under 750;\n(b) a rural municipality; and\n(c) any part of Manitoba that is not in a municipality.\nPolicing options for rural and small urban municipalities\n14(2) A municipality referred to in clause (1)(a) or (b) may arrange for policing services to be provided in the municipality by", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) entering into an agreement with one or more municipalities to jointly operate a regional police service that will provide policing services in those municipalities; or\n(c) entering into an agreement with another municipality to have that other municipality's police service provide policing services in the municipality.\nNotice of intention to establish police service", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n15(1) A municipality that intends to establish its own police service or jointly establish a regional police service must advise the minister of its intention before establishing the service.\nApproval to stop operating police service\n15(2) A municipality that operates its own police service or jointly operates a regional police service must not discontinue the operation of the service unless the minister has approved the discontinuance.\nCopies of agreements\n16 A municipality that enters into an agreement", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) under clause 13(1)(b) to have the Royal Canadian Mounted Police provide policing services in the municipality;\n(b) to operate a regional police service; or\n(c) to have the police service of another municipality provide policing services in the municipality;\nmust provide the director with a copy of the agreement.\nCost of municipal police service\n17(1) A municipality that establishes its own police service must pay all costs of the service.\nCosts of regional police service", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n17(2) A municipality that jointly operates a regional police service is responsible for the costs of the service in accordance with the terms of the agreement establishing the regional police service.\nCosts when policing provided by agreement\n17(3) A municipality that enters into an agreement\n(a) under clause 13(1)(b) or 13(2)(b) to have the Royal Canadian Mounted Police provide policing services in the municipality; or", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) to have the police service of another municipality provide policing services in the municipality;\nis responsible for the costs of those policing services in accordance with the terms of the agreement.\nAgreement for RCMP to provide policing\n18(1) The Government of Manitoba may enter into one or more agreements with the Government of Canada to have the Royal Canadian Mounted Police act as a provincial police service and provide", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) policing services in all or any portions of Manitoba that may be designated by the minister; and\n(b) additional services set out in the agreements.\nStatus, duties and powers of RCMP members\n18(2) When providing policing services under an agreement entered into under subsection (1), members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police\n(a) have all the powers, duties, privileges and protections of a peace officer and constable at common law or under any enactment or applicable by-law;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) have, with respect to the areas where policing services are being provided, the duties set out in clauses 25(a) to (g) (duties of municipal police officers), subject to any necessary changes; and\n(c) have authority to act throughout Manitoba in order to carry out their duties.\nRCMP accountable to minister", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n18(3) The commanding officer of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Manitoba is accountable to the minister for policing services provided by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police under an agreement entered into under subsection (1).\nEmergency policing\n19(1) If the minister determines that an emergency situation exists in an area of Manitoba, he or she may, by written notice, direct the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to provide policing in the area for a specified period.\nProvision of policing in emergencies", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n19(2) On receiving notice from the minister, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police must provide the requested policing services for the period directed by the minister.\nMinisterial assignment of investigation", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n20 Despite any other provision in this Act, if the minister considers it to be in the interests of the administration of justice, he or she may assign the conduct of an investigation into an alleged offence that would normally be conducted by a police service or the independent investigation unit to members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or members of another police service in Manitoba or another Canadian province.\nMUNICIPAL POLICE SERVICES\nPOLICE CHIEF AND OFFICERS\nAppointing police chief", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n21 A municipality's police board must appoint a person with prescribed qualifications to serve as the chief of the municipal police service.\nResponsibilities of police chief\n22(1) The chief of a municipal police service is responsible for the following:\n(a) the enforcement of law, the prevention of crime and the preservation of the public peace in the municipality;\n(b) the management, administration and operation of the police service;\n(c) the maintenance of discipline in the police service;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(d) ensuring that the police service meets all requirements imposed by this Act and that its police officers carry out their duties in accordance with this Act;\n(e) implementing policies established by the police board respecting the police service.\nPolice chief accountable to police board\n22(2) The police chief is accountable to the police board for\n(a) carrying out the responsibilities set out in subsection (1); and", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) managing, administering and operating the police service in accordance with the priorities, objectives and policies established by the police board under subsection 28(1).\nAppointing police officers\n23(1) The police board may appoint eligible persons to serve as police officers in the police service, or it may delegate that power to the police chief.\n23(2) To be eligible for appointment as a police officer, a person must have the prescribed qualifications.\nStatus of police officers", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n24(1) A police officer has all the powers, duties, privileges and protections of a peace officer and constable at common law or under any enactment.\nJurisdiction of police officers\n24(2) A police officer has authority to act throughout Manitoba in order to carry out his or her duties, subject to any restrictions or conditions established by regulation or set out in his or her appointment.\nDuties of police officers\n25 The duties of a police officer include\n(a) preserving the public peace;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) preventing crime and offences against the laws in force in the municipality;\n(c) assisting victims of crime;\n(d) apprehending criminals and others who may lawfully be taken into custody;\n(e) executing warrants that are to be executed by peace officers, and performing related duties;\n(f) laying charges and participating in prosecutions;\n(g) enforcing municipal by-laws; and\n(h) performing other duties assigned by the police chief.\nPOLICE BOARDS\nPolice board required", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n26(1) Every municipality that operates a police service must establish and maintain a police board in accordance with this Division.\nPolice board responsible for police service\n26(2) A municipal police service must operate under the general direction and supervision of the municipality's police board in accordance with this Part.\nPurpose of police board\n27 The purpose of a police board is to provide", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) civilian governance respecting the enforcement of law, the maintenance of the public peace and the prevention of crime in the municipality; and\n(b) the administrative direction and organization required to provide an adequate and effective police service in the municipality.\nGeneral duties of police board\n28(1) The police board must\n(a) after consulting with the police chief, establish priorities and objectives for the police service;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) establish policies for the effective management of the police service;\n(c) direct the police chief and monitor his or her performance; and\n(d) perform any other prescribed duties.\nSpecific duties of police board\n28(2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the police board must\n(a) ensure that the police chief establishes programs and strategies to implement the priorities and objectives established by the board for the police service;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) ensure that community needs and values are reflected in the policing priorities, objectives, programs and strategies;\n(c) ensure that police services are delivered in a manner consistent with community needs, values and expectations; and\n(d) act as a liaison between the community and the police service.\nRestriction on police board activities", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n28(3) The police board may give orders and directions to the police chief, but not to other police officers. No individual member of the board may give an order or direction to any police officer.\nNo role on specific matters\n28(4) The police board must not give orders or directions on specific operational decisions, individual investigations or the day-to-day operation of the police service.\nNo role in personnel matters", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n28(5) With the exception of the police chief, the police board has no role with respect to the discipline or personal conduct of any police officer.\nNo right to sensitive information\n28(6) The police board is not entitled to any information about individual investigations or intelligence files.\nInformation from board to develop budget\n29(1) To assist the council in developing the municipal budget, the police board must provide the council with", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) an estimate of the costs required to operate the police service in the next fiscal year; and\n(b) any additional information that the council considers necessary to enable it to assess the financial requirements of the police service.\nCouncil has final responsibility for budget\n29(2) The council is responsible for establishing the total budget of the police service.\nPolice board to allocate funds", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n29(3) The police board is responsible for allocating the funds that are provided to the police service under the municipal budget.\nSize of police board\n30(1) The council of a municipality must establish the size of its police board by by-law. The police board must\n(a) consist of at least three members, in the case of a municipality with a population of 5,000 or less;\n(b) consist of at least five members, in the case of a municipality with a population over 5,000; or", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(c) consist of at least seven members, in the case of the City of Winnipeg.\nAppointing members to police board\n30(2) Subject to subsection (3), one member of a police board is to be appointed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council, and the other members are to be appointed by the council.\nPolice board for City of Winnipeg", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n30(3) In the case of the City of Winnipeg, two members of the police board are to be appointed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council, and the other members are to be appointed by the council.\nNumber of council members and employees\n30(4) No more than half the members of the police board may be council members or employees of the municipality.\nTerm of council member\n31(1) The term of a council member on the police board ends when the person is no longer a member of the council.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nTerm of member appointed by council\n31(2) The term of a person appointed to the police board by council who is not a council member must be fixed in his or her appointment, but must not extend past the term of office of the council that made the appointment.\nTerm of member appointed by L.G. in C.\n31(3) The term of a person appointed to the police board by the Lieutenant Governor in Council must be fixed in the order appointing the person, but must not exceed four years.\nExtension and reappointment", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n31(4) A person appointed to the police board who is not a council member\n(a) may continue to serve on the board after the expiry of his or her term until the appointment of his or her successor; and\n(b) is eligible for reappointment, as long as the reappointment does not result in more than eight consecutive years of service on the board.\nCouncil to designate chair and vice-chair\n32(1) The council must designate one member of the police board as chair and another member as vice-chair.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n32(2) The vice-chair has the authority of the chair when the chair is absent or unable to act, or when authorized by the chair.\n33 Subject to the requirements of this Act, a police board may determine its own practice and procedures.\n34(1) The police board must hold a meeting at least once every three months.\n34(2) Subject to subsection (3), meetings of the police board must be open to the public and the board must give public notice of its meetings in the prescribed manner.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n34(3) The police board may exclude the public from all or part of a meeting in order to consider matters involving public security or sensitive financial or personal information.\n35(1) The police board must operate in accordance with the policy and procedures manual developed by the commission for police boards.\nCode of ethical conduct\n35(2) Every member of the police board must comply with the code of ethical conduct developed by the commission for police board members.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n36 Every member of the police board must undergo training arranged by the commission.\n37 The council may provide for reasonable remuneration to members of the police board who are not members of the council.\n38 The police board may delegate to two or more of its members any duty imposed or power conferred on it by this Act.\nMISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS RE MUNICIPAL POLICE SERVICES", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n39(1) A municipality that operates a police service is deemed to be the employer of the police chief and other police officers in the service.\nPay and other benefits set by council\n39(2) A council is responsible for setting the pay and other benefits of the police chief and other police officers in the service.\nMunicipality liable for torts of officers", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n40(1) A municipality that operates a police service is jointly and severally liable for a tort committed by a police officer in the performance of his or her duties.\nMunicipality to indemnify officer\n40(2) A municipality that operates a police service must pay the following:\n(a) any damages or costs awarded in an action or proceeding against one of its police officers as the result of a tort committed by the officer in the performance of his or her duties;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) any costs incurred and not recovered by the officer in the action or proceeding;\n(c) any sum required to settle the action or proceeding against the officer.\nMunicipality may defend officer\n40(3) A municipality that may be liable under this section has the right to defend \u2014 in the name and on behalf of the police officer \u2014 an action or proceeding that may be brought against the officer.\nDuty to cooperate", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n40(4) A police officer whose conduct is the subject of an action or proceeding must cooperate with the municipality in the settlement or defence of the action or proceeding.\nREGIONAL POLICE SERVICES\nAgreement re regional police service\n41(1) The councils of two or more municipalities may enter into an agreement to jointly establish and operate a regional police service to provide policing services in those municipalities.\nAgreement requirements", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n41(2) An agreement to establish and operate a regional police service must\n(a) set out the manner in which the costs of operating the police service are to be divided between the municipalities that operate the service;\n(b) in the case of an amalgamation of existing municipal police services, set out the process by which the police services are to be amalgamated; and\n(c) address any other matter that the minister considers necessary.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n42(1) The municipalities that operate a regional police service must establish and maintain a police board for the police service.\nRole of police board\n42(2) A regional police service must operate under the general direction and supervision of the police board in accordance with this Part.\nMakeup of regional police board\n42(3) The police board for a regional police service is to consist of", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) two members appointed by the council of every municipality that operates the police service, unless an agreement has been reached under subsection (4) to alter the number of board members from each municipality; and\n(b) one member appointed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council.\nAgreement on number of board members", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n42(4) The councils of the municipalities that operate a regional police service may enter into an agreement to alter the number of police board members appointed by the council of each municipality. However, each municipality must appoint at least one member of the police board.\n43(1) The provisions of Divisions 1, 2 and 3 of this Part apply, with necessary changes, to a regional police service and its police chief, police officers and police board.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n43(2) Unless the agreement under section 41 provides otherwise, the municipalities that operate a regional police service are deemed to jointly employ the police officers in the service.\nActions against regional police officers\n44 Section 40 (municipality liable for torts of officers) applies, with necessary changes, to an action or proceeding involving a police officer in a regional police service. Each municipality that operates a regional police service is", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) jointly and severally liable for the torts of a police officer in the regional police service that are committed in the performance of the officer's duties; and\n(b) jointly and severally liable for the payments set out in subsection 40(2).\nFIRST NATION POLICE SERVICES\nFirst Nation police service", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n45(1) The Government of Manitoba, the Government of Canada and one or more First Nations, or an entity representing a group of First Nations, may enter into an agreement to establish a police service to provide policing services to a First Nation community or group of First Nation communities.\nPolice board\n45(2) An agreement referred to in subsection (1) must provide for the establishment of a police board for the First Nation police service.\nJurisdiction of First Nation police service", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n46 A First Nation police service may act as the police service only in the areas specified in the agreement referred to in subsection 45(1), or any additional areas specified in amendments to that agreement made by the parties set out in that subsection.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n47 All of the provisions of this Act apply, with necessary changes, to a First Nation police service and its police chief, police officers and police board. If there is a conflict between this Act and the agreement establishing a First Nation police service, the provision in the agreement prevails.\nPOLICING STANDARDS\nRegulations re policing standards", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n48(1) To ensure that police services provide adequate and effective policing, the minister may make regulations respecting the operation of police services, including the conduct of police officers.\nSpecific regulations\n48(2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the minister may make regulations\n(a) prescribing the minimum number of police officers in a police service, based on the population of the area policed, the size of the area policed, or a combination of those factors;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) prescribing training for new police officers, and ongoing training requirements for current police officers or any category of police officers;\n(c) establishing standards for the following facilities, items and equipment used by a police service:\n(i) offices,\n(ii) detention facilities,\n(iii) motor vehicles,\n(iv) computers and communications equipment,\n(v) firearms, and\n(vi) other prescribed items and equipment;\n(d) governing the use of firearms and other prescribed equipment by police officers;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(e) prohibiting or governing the use of physical force by police officers, including prescribing training in the use of physical force in emergency response situations, pursuits and forcible entries, and as a means of restraining an individual;\n(f) respecting joint operations conducted by two or more police services or by one or more police services and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(g) requiring the sharing of certain information between police services and between police services and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police;\n(h) establishing standards of dress for police officers on duty, and prescribing requirements for police uniforms;\n(i) prescribing the records, returns, books and accounts to be made and kept by police officers and police services;\n(j) prescribing the method of accounting for fees, costs, money and other property received by police officers and police services.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nDirectives, guidelines and standard operating procedures\n49(1) The director may\n(a) issue a directive, guideline or standard operating procedure to one or more police services on a specific matter relating to law enforcement and policing; or\n(b) by written notice, require a police service to develop and issue a directive, guideline or standard operating procedure on a specific matter relating to law enforcement and policing.\nChief to ensure compliance", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n49(2) The chief of a police service must ensure that police officers comply with a directive, guideline or procedure issued under subsection (1).\n50 The director, in consultation with the commission, may prepare a model code of conduct for police officers for adoption by police services.\nProviding information to director\n51 On request from the director, the chief of a police service must provide the director with the following:\n(a) forms used and records maintained by the police service;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) information about the police service, its police officers and its operations;\n(c) statistical information about crime or policing in the area where the police service has jurisdiction.\n52(1) The director may conduct inspections of police services.\nChief to ensure co-operation\n52(2) The chief of a police service must ensure that all police officers co-operate with the director during an inspection.\nNotice of policing failures", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n53(1) If the minister determines that a police service has failed to provide adequate and effective policing services or that the operation of the police service has failed to meet the requirements of this Act, the minister may notify the police board responsible for the police service and the chief of the police service of that determination.\nForm of notice\n53(2) The notice under subsection (1) must be in writing and must\n(a) identify the failures;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) specify how the failures are to be corrected or the steps that are to be taken to prevent future failures; and\n(c) specify the deadline for taking the action required under clause (b).\nNotice to other parties\n53(3) The notice under subsection (1) must also be sent\n(a) in the case of a municipal police service, to the council of the municipality;\n(b) in the case of a regional police service, to the council of each municipality that receives policing services from the police service; and", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(c) in the case of a First Nation police service, to the council for each First Nation that receives policing services from the police service.\nIntervention by minister\n53(4) If the minister determines that the required corrections or preventative steps have not been made or taken by the deadline specified in the notice, the minister may do one or more of the following:\n(a) suspend, in whole or in part, the operation of the police service;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) arrange for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or another police service to provide policing services in the area in question;\n(c) appoint an administrator to perform specified functions respecting the police service for a specified period;\n(d) remove the police chief from office, and appoint a replacement;\n(e) remove one or more members of the police board from office and appoint interim members to the board;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(f) take any other steps that the minister considers necessary to provide adequate and effective policing services in the area in question.\nImmediate intervention by minister\n54 The minister may take one or more of the actions set out in subsection 53(4) without giving notice under section 53 if the minister determines that\n(a) the police service has failed to provide adequate and effective policing services; and\n(b) it is in the public interest for the minister to immediately take those actions.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nLiability for costs\n55 The minister must certify the costs of actions taken under subsection 53(4) or section 54. Unless the minister directs otherwise, the costs\n(a) in the case of a municipal police service, must be paid by the municipality;\n(b) in the case of a regional police service, are the joint and several responsibility of every municipality that operates the regional police service; or", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(c) in the case of a First Nation police service, must be paid by the operator of the police service specified in the agreement establishing the police service.\nINVESTIGATIONS INTO POLICE OFFICER CONDUCT\nINDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION UNIT\nIndependent investigation unit established\n56(1) The independent investigation unit is hereby established.\nMembers of independent investigation unit", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n56(2) The independent investigation unit consists of the civilian director, who is in charge of the unit, and investigators selected by the civilian director.\nAppointing civilian director\n57(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council must appoint a person as civilian director.\nCivilian director must not be police officer\n57(2) A person who is a current or former member of a police service or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police may not be appointed as the civilian director.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n58(1) Unless he or she resigns, dies or has his or her appointment terminated, the civilian director shall hold office for five years from the date of his or her appointment. A person may be re-appointed as civilian director for a second term of five years but may not serve more than two terms.\nTermination only for cause\n58(2) The civilian director's appointment must not be terminated, except for cause.\nDuties of civilian director\n59 The civilian director is responsible for the following:", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) the management, administration and operation of the independent investigation unit;\n(b) overseeing investigations conducted by the independent investigation unit;\n(c) performing any other duties imposed by this Act.\n60 The civilian director may select any of the following persons to serve as an investigator with the independent investigation unit:\n(a) a current or former member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) a current or former police officer from a police service in Manitoba or another Canadian province;\n(c) a civilian with investigative experience;\nif the person has the prescribed qualifications and experience.\nInvestigators to be released from other duties\n61 A police officer who is selected to be an investigator in the independent investigation unit must be released from all other duties in order to join the unit.\nCivilian director in charge of investigators", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n62 An investigator is under the sole command and direction of the civilian director while serving with the independent investigation unit.\nPeace officer status\n63 Members of the independent investigation unit have all the powers, duties, privileges and protections of a peace officer and constable at common law or under any enactment.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n64(1) The civilian director must submit an annual report on the operations of the independent investigation unit to the minister. The report must include the following information:\n(a) the number of investigations started in the year;\n(b) the number of investigations concluded in the year;\n(c) the number of charges laid against police officers in the year, and particulars of the charges;\n(d) the number of investigations for which a civilian monitor was appointed.\nTabling report", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n64(2) The minister must table the annual report in the Assembly within 15 days after receiving it if the Assembly is sitting or, if it is not, within 15 days after the next sitting begins.\nMANDATORY INVESTIGATIONS BY THE INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION UNIT\nNotice of incident\n65(1) When a police officer is at the scene of an incident where it appears that\n(a) the death of a person may have resulted from the actions of a police officer;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) a serious injury to a person may have resulted from the actions of a police officer; or\n(c) a police officer may have contravened a prescribed provision of the Criminal Code (Canada) or a prescribed provision of another federal or provincial enactment;\nthe independent investigation unit is to be immediately notified in accordance with prescribed procedures.\nNotice even if officer not on duty", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n65(2) Notice must be given under subsection (1) even if the police officer involved in the incident was not on duty at the time of the incident.\nDuties of officers at scene of incident\n65(3) Until members of the independent investigation unit arrive at the scene of the incident, the police officers at the scene must take any steps that the officers would normally take in such an incident, unless directed otherwise by a member of the independent investigation unit.\nUnit to assume conduct of investigation", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n65(4) Upon arriving at the scene of the incident, a member or members of the independent investigation unit must assume conduct of the investigation of the incident.\nNotice of investigation of police officer\n66(1) When a police service is conducting an investigation into the conduct of a police officer and there is evidence that the officer may have\n(a) caused the death of a person;\n(b) caused a serious injury to a person; or", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(c) contravened a prescribed provision of the Criminal Code (Canada) or a prescribed provision of another federal or provincial enactment;\nthe police chief of the police service must, as soon as practicable, notify the independent investigation unit.\nNotice of complaint involving police officer\n66(2) When a police service receives a formal complaint that a police officer", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(c) has engaged in conduct that would constitute a contravention of a prescribed provision of the Criminal Code (Canada) or a prescribed provision of another federal or provincial enactment;\n66(3) Notice must be given under subsection (1) or (2) even if the police officer was not on duty at the time of the conduct in question.\nUnit to take over investigation", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n66(4) When the independent investigation unit receives notice of an investigation or complaint under this section, one or more of its members must assume conduct of the investigation in accordance with directions from the civilian director.\nAdvice on charges", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n67 After the conclusion of an investigation, if the civilian director is considering laying an information against a police officer, he or she must forward the results of the investigation to independent legal counsel for advice on whether an information should be laid.\nConduct of prosecution\n68(1) If an information has been laid against a police officer as the result of an investigation under this Part, it must be prosecuted by an independent prosecutor retained by the department.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nIndependent prosecutor from outside Manitoba\n68(2) The independent prosecutor appointed under subsection (1) must reside outside of Manitoba\n(a) if the information laid against the police officer alleges that the officer caused the death of a person; or\n(b) in other prescribed circumstances.\nCIVILIAN MONITORS\nAppointing civilian monitors\n69(1) The commission may appoint persons who are not current police officers to monitor investigations conducted by the independent investigation unit.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n69(2) A civilian monitor must receive training arranged by the commission before monitoring an investigation conducted by the independent investigation unit.\nRequest for civilian monitor", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n70(1) The civilian director must ask the chair of the commission to assign a civilian monitor to monitor an investigation conducted under this Part if a police officer may have caused the death of a person or in any other case where the civilian director considers it to be in the public interest to involve a civilian monitor.\nChair to assign civilian monitor", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n70(2) When a request is made under subsection (1), the chair of the commission must assign a civilian monitor to monitor the investigation in question.\nRole of civilian monitor\n71 A civilian monitor must monitor the progress of the investigation by the independent investigation unit in accordance with prescribed practices and procedures.\nReport to commission chair\n72 A civilian monitor must report to the chair of the commission on the investigation that he or she has monitored.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nINVESTIGATIONS BY POLICE SERVICES INTO POLICE OFFICER CONDUCT\nNotice of complaints and investigations\n73(1) A police chief must, as soon as practicable, notify the independent investigation unit\n(a) when the police service receives a formal complaint that a police officer has engaged in conduct that constitutes a contravention of the Criminal Code (Canada) or any another federal or provincial enactment, other than the provisions prescribed under clause 65(1)(c); or", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) when the police service is conducting an investigation into the conduct of a police officer and there is evidence that the officer may have contravened the Criminal Code (Canada) or any another federal or provincial enactment, other than the provisions prescribed under clause 65(1)(c).\nInformation about complaint or investigation", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n73(2) At the request of the civilian director, the police chief must give the civilian director information about the complaint or investigation and the status of the police service's investigation.\nInformation on results of investigation\n73(3) When an investigation into a matter referred to in subsection (1) has been completed, the police chief must provide the civilian director with the results of the investigation.\nMonitoring investigation", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n74 On request of the civilian director, the police chief of a police service must allow a civilian monitor or a member of the independent investigation unit to monitor the progress of an investigation by the police service into a matter referred to in subsection 73(1).\nInvestigation by independent investigation unit", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n75(1) The independent investigation unit may assume conduct of an investigation into a matter referred to in subsection 73(1) if the civilian director considers it to be in the public interest to have the unit conduct the investigation.\nNotice to police chief\n75(2) The civilian director must notify the police chief of the police service if the independent investigation unit is assuming conduct of the investigation.\nTransfer of investigation", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n75(3) Upon receiving notice from the civilian director, the police chief must turn over conduct of the investigation to the independent investigation unit.\n75(4) Division 2 applies, with necessary changes, to an investigation conducted by the independent investigation unit under this section.\nRegulations re internal investigations", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n76 The minister may make regulations respecting the manner in which police services conduct investigations of possible unlawful conduct involving their police officers, including regulations respecting\n(a) the minimum qualifications of police officers conducting such investigations; and\n(b) public reporting on the results of such investigations, including the form and content of the reports.\n77 In this Part,", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"police chief\" includes the commanding officer of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Manitoba; (\u00ab chef de police \u00bb)\n\"police officer\" includes a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police; (\u00ab agent de police \u00bb)\n\"police service\" includes the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (\u00ab service de police \u00bb)\nSPECIAL CONSTABLES\nAppointing special constables", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n78(1) The director may appoint an individual or class of individuals as special constables, subject to any terms or conditions that the director considers appropriate.\n78(2) An individual may be appointed as a special constable only if he or she has the prescribed qualifications.\n78(3) Except in exigent circumstances, an application for the appointment of a special constable must be made in writing to the director on a form approved by the director.\nAppointment requirements", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n78(4) The appointment of a special constable must be made in writing and must set out\n(a) the duties and responsibilities of the special constable;\n(b) the territorial jurisdiction of the special constable;\n(c) the term of the appointment; and\n(d) any terms or conditions imposed on the appointment.\nRevoking appointment\n79 The director may revoke the appointment of a special constable.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n80 Subject to any limitations imposed on his or her appointment, a special constable has the powers and protections of a peace officer when carrying out the duties and responsibilities set out in his or her appointment.\nResponsibility for special constables\n81(1) The employer of a special constable is responsible for ensuring that a special constable carries out the duties and responsibilities set out in his or her appointment in a proper manner.\nLiability for special constable", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n81(2) The employer of a special constable is liable for the actions of the special constable while he or she is carrying out the duties or responsibilities set out in his or her appointment.\n82 The minister may make regulations respecting special constables, including regulations respecting\n(a) the training of special constables;\n(b) the performance of duties and responsibilities by special constables; and\n(c) information and documents to be provided to the director by the employer of a special constable.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\nCommunity safety cadet program\n83(1) The minister or a police service may establish a program to hire members of the community and provide them with training on crime prevention, public safety and other related matters.\nMembers may assist police officers\n83(2) Members of the community safety cadet program may work with police officers to prevent crime and enhance public safety in the community.\nSupport to become police recruits", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n83(3) The minister or a police service may make arrangements to provide members of the community safety cadet program with additional training and any educational upgrades necessary to enable them to meet the eligibility requirements to become police officers.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n84(1) When the Royal Canadian Mounted Police provides policing services in a municipality under an agreement entered into under section 18 or clause 13(1)(b), the council for the municipality may establish an advisory committee consisting of at least three but no more than seven persons appointed by the council.\nRole of advisory committee\n84(2) The advisory committee is responsible for\n(a) working with the officer in charge of the detachment that provides policing services in the municipality", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(i) to establish priorities and objectives for policing in the municipality, and\n(ii) to ensure that policing services are delivered in a manner consistent with community values, needs and expectations; and\n(b) serving as a liaison between the community and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.\n85 Before assuming his or her duties, a police officer or special constable must take an oath or affirmation approved by the minister.\nCalculating population", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n86 For the purposes of this Act, the population of a municipality or other area is to be determined using the latest census for which Statistics Canada has issued its final report under the Statistics Act (Canada).\nSenior officers association", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n87(1) Despite the definition of \"employee\" in The Labour Relations Act, if at least 50% of the senior officers in a police service belong to an association composed only of senior officers, the senior officers in that police service may bargain separately with their employer through that association.\n87(2) The following definitions apply in this section.\n\"association\" means an association that has as its objectives the improvement of conditions of service and remuneration of its members. (\u00ab association \u00bb)", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"senior officer\" means\n(a) a police officer with the rank of inspector or higher, but does not include the police chief or a deputy police chief; and\n(b) a civilian employed with the police service in a supervisory or confidential capacity. (\u00ab cadre sup\u00e9rieur \u00bb)\nProtection from liability", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n88 No action or proceeding may be brought against the minister, the director, a member of the commission, a member of a police board, the civilian director, an investigator, a civilian monitor or any other person acting under authority of this Act for anything done or omitted to be done, in good faith, in the exercise or intended exercise of a power or duty under this Act.\nDelegating minister's duties and powers", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n89 The minister may delegate to the director or any other employee of the department any duty or power conferred or imposed on the minister under this Act, other than the power to make regulations.\n90 Within five years after this Act comes into force, the minister must undertake a comprehensive review of it, and must, within one year after the review is undertaken or within such further time as the Legislative Assembly may allow, submit a report on the review to the Assembly.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n91(1) The minister may make regulations\n(a) respecting police boards, including the qualifications of board members and the dismissal of board members;\n(b) establishing restrictions or conditions on the ability of police officers to act throughout Manitoba;\n(c) respecting regional police services or First Nation police services;\n(d) respecting the inspection of police services;\n(e) respecting the operation of the independent investigation unit;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(f) respecting the obligations of police officers and police services when the independent investigation unit is, or will be, conducting an investigation;\n(g) respecting appeals of internal discipline by police officers who are not subject to a collective agreement that addresses such appeals, including prescribing the person or body that is to hear an appeal, and appeal procedure;\n(h) defining any word or expression used but not defined in this Act;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(i) prescribing any matter required or authorized by this Act to be prescribed by regulation;\n(j) respecting any matter necessary or advisable to carry out the purposes of this Act.\nApplication of regulations\n91(2) A regulation made under this Act may be general or specific in its application and may apply to one or more police services.\nCONSEQUENTIAL AMENDMENTS,\tTRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS, REPEAL, CITATION AND COMING INTO FORCE\nCONSEQUENTIAL AMENDMENTS\nC.C.S.M. c. A84 amended", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n92 Subsection 1(1) of The Animal Care Act is amended in the definition \"police officer\" by striking out \"municipal police force\" and substituting \"police service established or continued under The Police Services Act\".\nS.M. 2002, c. 39 amended\n93(1) The City of Winnipeg Charter is amended by this section.\n93(2) Section 166 is repealed.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n93(3) Subsections 176(2) is amended by striking out everything after \"same liabilities\" and substituting \"as a special constable appointed under The Police Services Act. The appointment must comply with subsections 178(2) and (4) of that Act.\".\nC.C.S.M. c. C107 amended\n94 Subsection 1(1) of The Civil Remedies Against Organized Crime Act is amended by replacing the definition \"police chief\" with the following:\n\"police chief\" means", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) the chief of a police service established or continued under The Police Services Act; or\n(b) the commanding officer of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Manitoba; (\u00ab chef de police \u00bb)\n95 Subsection 10(3) of The Provincial Court Act is amended by striking out \"or The Provincial Police Act\".\n96(1) The Cross-Border Policing Act is amended by this section.\n96(2) Section 1 is amended by replacing the definitions \"local commander\" and \"Manitoba police force\" with the following:\n\"local commander\" means", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) the chief of police of a police service established or continued under The Police Services Act; and\n(b) the senior officer of a local RCMP detachment. (\u00ab chef local \u00bb)\n\"Manitoba police force\" means a police service established or continued under The Police Services Act. (\u00ab corps de police du Manitoba \u00bb)\n96(3) Section 5 is amended by striking out \"municipal police force\" and substituting \"Manitoba police force\".\n96(4) Clause 38(a) is repealed.\nC.C.S.M. c. E85 amended", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n97 Section 1 of The Emergency 911 Public Safety Answering Point Act is amended by replacing clause (a) of the definition \"emergency service provider\" with the following:\n(a) the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or a police service established or continued under The Police Services Act;\nC.C.S.M. c. L75 amended\n98(1) The Law Enforcement Review Act is amended by this section.\n98(2) Subsection 1(1) is amended\n(a) by replacing the definition \"Chief of Police\" with the following:\n\"Chief of Police\" means", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) the person appointed as the chief of a police service, and includes an acting chief of a police service, and\n(b) the civilian director of the independent investigation unit appointed under The Police Services Act; (\u00ab chef de police \u00bb)\n(b) by repealing the definition \"\"member\" or \"member of a police department\"\"; and\n(c) by adding the following definitions:", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"member\" or \"member of a police service\" means a person appointed as a police officer in a police service, and includes an investigator with the independent investigation unit established under The Police Services Act; (\u00ab membre \u00bb ou \u00ab membre d'un service de police \u00bb)\n\"police board\" means the police board responsible for a police service; (\u00ab conseil de police \u00bb)", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"police service\" means a police service established or continued under The Police Services Act, and includes the independent investigation unit established under The Police Services Act; (\u00ab service de police \u00bb)\n98(3) Subsection 6(1) of the English version is amended by striking out \"police department\" and substituting \"police service\".\n98(4) Clauses 6(3)(b) and (c) are amended by striking out \"department\" and substituting \"police service\".", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n98(5) Subsection 7(1) is amended by striking out \"department\" wherever it occurs and substituting \"police service\".\n98(6) Subsection 12(2) is amended\n(a) by striking out \"the Chief of Police of the department involved in the complaint\" and substituting \"a Chief of Police\";\n(b) by striking out \"police department involved in the complaint\" and substituting \"police service\"; and\n(c) by striking out \"members of the police department\" and substituting \"members of the police service\".", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) in the section heading, by striking out \"department\" and substituting \"police service\"; and\n(b) by striking out \"police department\" in the English version and substituting \"police service\".\n98(8) Subsection 12(9) is amended by striking out \"department\" and substituting \"police service\".\n98(9) Section 14 of the English version is amended by striking out \"police department\" and substituting \"police service\".\n98(10) Section 22 is amended", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(a) by striking out \"police department\" in the English version and substituting \"police service\"; and\n(b) by striking out \"municipal authority which governs the department\" and substituting \"police board for the police service\".\n98(11) Subsection 24(10.1) of the English version is amended in the part before clause (a) by striking out \"police department\" and substituting \"police service\".\n98(12) Clause 29(c) is amended by striking out \"police department\" and substituting \"police service\".", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n98(13) Subsection 32(1) of the English version is amended by striking out \"police department\" wherever it occurs and substituting \"police service\".\n(b) by striking out \"the municipal authority which governs the department\" and substituting \"the police board for the police service\".\n98(15) Subsection 41(2) is amended\n(a) in the section heading, by striking out \"police commissions\" and substituting \"police boards\";\n(b) by striking out \"municipal police department\" and substituting \"police service\"; and", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(c) by striking out everything after \"investigation or hearing\" and substituting \"by the police board for the police service respecting that conduct, except in accordance with this Act.\"\n98(16) Subsection 41(3) is repealed.\n98(17) Clause 44(c) is repealed.\n98(18) Section 45 is amended by striking out \"each municipality in the province which has established a police department\" and substituting \"every police board in the province\".\nC.C.S.M. c. L160 amended", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n99(1) The Liquor Control Act is amended by this section.\n99(2) The definition \"constable\" in section 1 is replaced with the following:\n\"constable\" means a police officer appointed under The Police Services Act or a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police; (\u00ab agent de police \u00bb)\n99(3) Subsection 136(1) is amended by striking out everything after \"devolves upon all\" and substituting \"inspectors and constables.\"\n99(4) Subsection 136(2) is amended by striking out \", the Provincial Police\".", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n99(5) Subsection 136.1(1) is amended\n(a) by striking out \"an inspector, constable or other officer,\" and substituting \"a constable or other officer\"; and\n(b) by striking out \"board of police commissioners\" and substituting \"police board\".\n99(6) Subsection 136.1(3) is amended by striking out \"Provincial Police\" and substituting \"Royal Canadian Mounted Police\".\nC.C.S.M. c. M225 amended\n100(1) The Municipal Act is amended by this section.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n100(2) The heading for Division 3 of Part 9 is amended by striking out \"AND POLICE SERVICES\".\n100(3) The centred heading \"FIRE PROTECTION SERVICES\" before section 264 is repealed.\n100(4) The centred heading before section 271 and sections 271 and 272 are repealed.\n101 Section 10 of The Municipal Affairs Administration Act is amended in the part after clause (c) by striking out \"The Municipal Act\" and substituting \"The Police Services Act\".\nC.C.S.M. c. P97 amended", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n102 Clause 11(1)(h) of The Powers of Attorney Act is replaced with the following:\n(h) a police officer with a police service established or continued under The Police Services Act\t.\nC.C.S.M. c. P215 amended", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n103 Section 50 of The Manitoba Public Insurance Corporation Act is amended by striking out \"The Royal Canadian Mounted Police force or the Chief Constable of the City of Winnipeg, or the Chief Constable of any municipality, whose force has\" and substituting \"the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or the chief of police of a police service whose members have\".\nC.C.S.M. c. V55 amended\n104 The Victims' Bill of Rights is amended by adding the following after section 3:", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n3.1 For greater certainty, the independent investigation unit established under The Police Services Act is to be considered a law enforcement agency when it is investigating a matter.\nS.M. 2008, c. 7 amended\n105 Section 1 of The Witness Security Act, S.M. 2008, c. 7, is amended by replacing the definition \"law enforcement agency\" with the following:", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n\"law enforcement agency\" means the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or a police service established or continued under The Police Services Act (\u00ab organisme charg\u00e9 de l'application de la loi \u00bb).\nContinuation of municipal police services\n106(1) The following municipal police services are continued under this Act:\n(a) the Winnipeg Police Service established under The City of Winnipeg Charter;", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n(b) a police service that was established by a municipality under The Municipal Act and was operating immediately before the coming into force of this section.\nEstablishing police board\n106(2) A municipality that operated a police service immediately before the coming into force of this section must establish a police board within six months after this section comes into force.\nInterim operation", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n106(3) Until its police board is established, the municipality may continue to operate its police service in accordance with the procedures it had in place immediately before the coming into force of this section.\nContinuation of Dakota Ojibway Police Service\n107(1) The Dakota Ojibway Police Service, established under an agreement between the Government of Manitoba, the Government of Canada and the Dakota Ojibway Tribal Council Inc., is continued under this Act as a First Nation Police Service.", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n107(2) The Dakota Ojibway Tribal Council Police Commission established under the agreement referred to in subsection (1) is continued and, for the purposes of this Act, is deemed to be the police board for the Dakota Ojibway Police Service.\nContinuation of appointment of police chief", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n108(1) The appointment of a police chief that was in force immediately before the coming into force of this section is continued. The appointment is deemed to be an appointment made under this Act and may be dealt with as if it were made under this Act.\nEmployment contracts unchanged\n108(2) The terms of any employment contract for a police chief entered into before the coming into force of this section continue to apply.\nAppointments continue", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n108(3) The appointment of a police officer or special constable that was in force immediately before the coming into force of this section is continued. The appointment is deemed to be an appointment made under this Act and may be dealt with as if it were made under this Act.\nContinuation of policing agreements", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n109(1) An agreement that was made under the former Act or The Municipal Act respecting the provision of policing services by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and that was in effect immediately before the coming into force of this section is continued.\n109(2) In subsection (1), \"former Act\" means The Provincial Police Act, R.S.M. 1987, c. P150, as it read immediately before the coming into force of this section.\nREPEAL, CITATION AND COMING INTO FORCE\nRepeal", "S.M. 2009, c. 32\n110 The Provincial Police Act, R.S.M. 1987, c. P150, is repealed.\nC.C.S.M. reference\n111 This Act may be referred to as chapter P94.5 of the Continuing Consolidation of the Statutes of Manitoba.\nComing into force\n112 This Act comes into force on a day to be fixed by proclamation."]
null
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61962, 0.0046729], [61962, 62008, 0.10869565], [62008, 62248, 0.07916667], [62248, 62489, 0.04979253], [62489, 62533, 0.02272727], [62533, 62787, 0.01574803], [62787, 62818, 0.03225806], [62818, 62958, 0.00714286], [62958, 62980, 0.04545455], [62980, 63257, 0.01444043], [63257, 63293, 0.02777778], [63293, 63546, 0.03557312], [63546, 63709, 0.06134969], [63709, 63748, 0.82051282], [63748, 63755, 0.14285714], [63755, 63821, 0.12121212], [63821, 63840, 0.21052632], [63840, 63950, 0.06363636], [63950, 63968, 0.05555556], [63968, 64035, 0.02985075]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 64035, 0.89710528]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 64035, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 64035, 0.90654403]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 64035, -3771.96917397]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 64035, -41.98229327]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 64035, 1578.10369049]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 64035, 359.0]]}"}
RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,458
https://courses.uww.edu/2151/Undergraduate/ENGLISH/51
BEGINNING LISTENING AND CONVERSATION - WICS | University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
["BEGINNING LISTENING AND CONVERSATION - WICS | University of Wisconsin-Whitewater\nBEGINNING LISTENING AND CONVERSATION\nStudents develop initial conversational skills for fluency in daily social communication, on campus and in the community. The course includes an emphasis on pronunciation,including stress, rythm, and intonation, as well as on vocabulary development. Students must pass this course with a C- or better to advance in the IEP. Prereq: Based on placement criteria, and/or successful completion of previous level of instruction.\n01/20 - 05/19 (1) MTuWTh 10:30 AM - 11:45 AM", "BEGINNING LISTENING AND CONVERSATION - WICS | University of Wisconsin-Whitewater\nBrianna Deering\nCatalog Number (view all) 101 102 105 111 161 162 163 164 200 201 202 206 216 226 230 236 251 252 260 263 265 266 271 274 281 300 305 310 321 322 323 324 325 330 332 333 341 342 345 346 347 348 352 354 360 362 363 364 366 368 369 370 371 372 373 375 376 378 382 383 385 401 402 404 405 412 414 416 420 430 436 460 463 471 472 477 478 479 483 488 49 490 491 493 496 497 498 498R 499 51 53 55 61 63 65 69 71 73 75 79 90 91"]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,459
http://artcity.nebo.edu/news/life-cycle-butterfly?page=8
The Life Cycle of a Butterfly | Art City Elementary
["The Life Cycle of a Butterfly | Art City Elementary\nStudents in the second-grade classes have the opportunity to learn about the life cycle of a butterfly. Students make diagrams of the life cycle and they watch real live caterpillers change from a caterpiller to cacoon to a butterfly; then watch as the butterflies are released. Many insects go through either complete or incomplete metamorphosis. The butterfly is an example of an insect that undergoes complete metamorphosis", "The Life Cycle of a Butterfly | Art City Elementary\nThis type of life cycle is marked by significant changes in the shape and structure of the insect. As students think about other animals or insects, they will see similarities and differences in life cycles. The students are learning a variety of vocabulary words as well as being able to make connections from content areas to application in real life."]
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https://health.utah.edu/physical-therapy-athletic-training/degree-programs/physical-therapy/about/faqs.php
FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health
["FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nThe physical therapy program at the University of Utah has a long-standing tradition of excellence dating back to the admission of its first class in 1969. This makes the University of Utah program in physical therapy one of the oldest in the region. The current DPT program at the University of Utah reflects the breadth, depth, and necessary rigor of the professional physical therapist education curriculum in response to the current and expected future health care environment", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nThis health care environment includes an enhanced role and higher expectations of the physical therapist, including a commitment to evidence-based physical therapy services and patient care. These skills must be achieved by the completion of an entry-level professional program, which is the outcome expected of our students upon completion of the DPT.", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nOver 130 students are currently enrolled in our DPT degree program. For the class entering in summer 2011 we received almost 400 applications, and matriculated 45 students. Over the past three years, over 99% of those students who matriculated have graduated, 100% of our graduates have passed the Physical Therapy licensure exam and all those seeking employment are working as Physical Therapists.\nWhy change to a DPT program?\nWhen was the first DPT class admitted?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nWhat is the \"best\" undergraduate major for a student?\nWhat prerequisite courses are required for the DPT program?\nWhat GPA is required to apply to the DPT program?\nWhat is a competitive GPA for students applying to the DPT program?\nWhat additional materials are required in the DPT application?\nHow can I find out more about PTCAS?\nIs the GRE required to apply to the DPT program?\nIs a dissertation required for the DPT degree?\nHow many students are accepted into the DPT program?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nWhat semester does the DPT program begin and how long will it take to complete?\nCan the DPT program be completed on a part-time basis?\nIf I'm in high school, how can I prepare for a career in physical therapy?\nHow can the public or clinicians register concerns or complaints about the educational program?\nWhat is the American Physical Therapy Association?\nWhy does APTA advocate a doctoral degree?\nIs there a ranking of Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant programs?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nWhat factors can one use in deciding on a school?\nWhere can I find financial aid?\nAre the University of Utah and the Department of Physical Therapy accredited?\n1. Why change to a DPT program?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nThe nationwide transition from the baccalaureate degree to the post-baccalaureate professional degree, which has been ongoing in Physical Therapy for over a decade, has been driven by the numerous changes within the healthcare system in the US and the dramatic impact upon the roles and responsibilities of physical therapists. Physical Therapists now assume leadership roles in rehabilitation services, prevention and health care maintenance programs, and community organizations", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nThe scope of practice for physical therapists has also continued to expand over the past decade. As of this date all physical therapist professional education programs, including the University of Utah, have transitioned to awarding the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree consistent with the American Physical Therapy Association's Vision 2020 Statement. Further information may be found on the APTA's website - http://www.apta.org.", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\n2. When was the first DPT class admitted?\nThe first class for the University of Utah's DPT Program enrolled in the of Summer of 2005 and graduated in May of 2008.\n3. What is the \"best\" undergraduate major for a student?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nThe \"best\" major is in any area in which the student would enjoy working after receiving their undergraduate degree and should be selected based on the student's interests. The DPT Program does not have a preference as to the major for the baccalaureate degree as long as prerequisite courses are completed. However, a potential major that does include most of the prerequisite courses is either an exercise science or exercise physiology major.\n4. What prerequisite courses are required for the DPT program?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nPrior to enrollment in the DPT Program, students must have completed requirements for their baccalaureate degree.\nThe following are the required prerequisite courses for program admission, which may be taken within the plan for the student's undergraduate degree or as electives:\nDPT Course Prerequisites\nMust have completed within last 7 years:\nHuman Physiology \u2013 1 course with lab\nHuman Anatomy \u2013 1 course with lab\nChemistry (with associated laboratory sections) \u2013 1 year", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nPhysics (with associated laboratory sections) \u2013 1 year\nExercise Physiology- 1 course with lab\nMust have completed within last 10 years:\nGeneral Psychology and 1 Upper Division Psychology \u2013 1 course\nTrigonometry, Calculus, or Pre-Calculus-1 course (college level; AP score of 4 or higher will satisfy this requirement)\nStatistics (with ANOVA, correlation & regression testing) \u2013 1 course", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nNote: First Aid & CPR Certifications are not necessary at time of application and do not require completion as college coursework. They are required for matriculation, once accepted into the program; CPR Certification must be the Basic Life Support (BLS) for Healthcare Providers 1 & 2-Rescuer CPR and AED for adult, child and infant. The Skills practice and Skills testing portion must be done in the classroom, NOT online. We prefer American Heart Association (AHA) certification when feasible", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nAdditionally, applicants are required to gain experience in a PT environment by working or volunteering with a licensed clinical physical therapist (PT). We do not require a specific number of hours in any one setting, but do suggest being in the facility with the licensed PT long enough for the PT to become well acquainted with the applicant in order to write one of the required letters of recommendation", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nGaining experience in different settings is not a requirement, but provide the applicant a better appreciation for the differences in physical therapists' responsibilities in different settings.", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\n5. What minimum GPA is required to apply to the DPT program?\nThe minimum required cumulative and math/science prerequisite courses grade point average is 3.00 on a 4.00 scale. The minimum grade point must be met at the time of application and maintained until admission.\n6. What is a competitive GPA be for students applying to the DPT program?\nAdmission to the DPT educational program remains competitive. Over the past 5 years, the GPA for the incoming class has averaged 3.5 on a 4.0 scale", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\n7. What additional materials are required in the DPT application?\nApplication to the University of Utah graduate school\nApplication to the Department of Physical Therapy through PTCAS\nGRE scores (see #9 below)\nA Completed PTCAS application includes the following:\nthe standard PTCAS essay (also known as a personal statement)\nadditional essay, specific to the UofU, Dept of PT, as indicated on PTCAS\nverification of PT observation hours\nthree letters of recommendation (forms included with the application)", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nofficial transcripts from all colleges attended\nFurther, if English is not the first language, an applicant must submit the results of the TOEFL examination. (If the internet-based test is taken the score must be at least 90.)\n8. How can I find out more about PTCAS?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nPTCAS stands for Physical Therapy Centralized Application System. This online application is a service of the APTA and it allows applicants to use one online account to apply to multiple PT programs. To find out more about PTCAS, visit their website at: www.ptcas.org\n9. Is the GRE required to apply to the DPT program?\nYes, the GRE is required", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nGenerally, GRE scores are available from ETS one week after they are requested by the test taker. However, you should plan well in advance to take The GRE so that official scores are received by the application deadline (October 1st). Use the CAS code 0407. Using this code will allow your GRE scores to be reported officially & directly to PTCAS. GRE\u00ae test scores are valid for five years after the testing year in which you tested (July 1\u2013June 30).", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nThe average GRE scores for applicants place them in the 50th percentile or better. If your scores are below the average a good rule of thumb is to make certain that your math grades like physics, chemistry, and statistics are reflective of your competency.\n10. Is a dissertation required for the DPT degree?\nNo. The DPT is a clinical doctoral degree. Dissertations are most commonly associated with the research PhD degree.\n11. How many students are accepted into the DPT program?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\n48 students is the size of our yearly cohort.\n12. What semester does the DPT program begin and how long will it take to complete?\nStudents in each entering class will begin their course work in May (summer semester). Students will complete their course of study in nine continuous semesters (including two summers). For example, students who entered in the summer of 2016 will graduate in May of 2019.\n13. Can the DPT program be completed on a part-time basis?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nNo. The curriculum is designed for completion on a full-time basis, as each semester builds on the courses of the previous semester. Each course is offered only once per year in sequence.\n14. If I'm in high school, how can I prepare for a career in physical therapy?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nHigh school students should know that the educational preparation for this degree program is now only at the post baccalaureate level. That means that students interested in a career in physical therapy need to obtain a baccalaureate degree before entering into a professional program, although some universities offer the professional program in conjunction with the baccalaureate degree", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nWhile in high school, students interested in PT should be encouraged to take courses in anatomy and physiology, if these courses are offered. Students interested in PT should also be encouraged to take courses in chemistry and physics. Job shadowing while in high school is strongly encouraged.", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nOnce in college, students should select a major based on their academic interests and not necessarily one labeled as pre-PT. For general career information as well as specific college prerequisite requirements and other admissions information students can access the professional organization website for physical therapists at www.apta.org.", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nStudents who might be interested in a career in physical therapy but who don't want to pursue graduate studies may explore opportunities as physical therapist assistants. These people work directly with patients under the supervision of a physical therapist. A two-year degree from an accredited institution is required to be eligible to sit for the licensure examination; several colleges in Utah offer this degree", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nStudents, Center Coordinators of Clinical Education, Clinical Instructors, and the public who have complaints regarding the appropriateness of student preparation, clinical instruction, responses of the University to requests by either student or clinical site among others are taken seriously. If complaints are not handled appropriately or in a timely manner by the Director of Clinical Education (DCE), the Department Chair should be notified", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nIf the DCE and Department Chair have not adequately addressed a situation that requires further attention, the Dean of the College of Health should be contacted. In the event that the issue remains unresolved, the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education can be contacted at 703-706-3245.", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nAPTA represents more than 66,000 Physical Therapists, Physical Therapist assistants, and Physical Therapy students throughout the United States", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nAmong the Association's objectives are enhancement of Physical Therapy education, practice, and research; accreditation of Physical Therapy education programs; communication with members; improvement of minority participation and representation in the profession; quality assurance; professional development and continuing education; interaction with government agencies and legislative bodies; attention to reimbursement issues; and development and implementation of public awareness programs.", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nA doctoral degree allows the student to obtain a broad background in the liberal arts and provides time for students to integrate the significant amount of material included in a Physical Therapy curriculum. Also, for those who currently possess a bachelor's degree in another area, it is a logical choice to progress to a doctoral degree", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nOver the years, the volume of scientific technology and literature included in Physical Therapist education programs has grown well beyond what can be reasonably included in a baccalaureate degree program. APTA believes that a doctoral program more adequately prepares the graduate to meet the expectations of the profession and the health care needs of society.", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\n18. Is there a ranking of Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant programs?\nAPTA does not rank programs. Physical Therapy education programs are accredited by CAPTE, which assures quality in Physical Therapy education. Graduation from an accredited program is currently required for eligibility to sit for the licensure examination for Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Assistants in those states in which licensure is required.\n19. What factors can one use in deciding on a school?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nThe decision to attend a Physical Therapy program is a very personal one that must be made on the basis of a variety of factors, including: geographic location and size of the school, cost, class size, faculty composition and cohesiveness (number of years working together, for example); degree awarded; and design and length of curriculum", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nIn an effort to compare the above factors, you may wish to survey current students and recent graduates of the program and interview employers who hire graduates and ask about program strengths and weaknesses.", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\n20. Where can I find financial aid?\nDepartment scholarships are only available to students once they have matriculated into the program. You can check out the financial aid information on the APTA website by visiting their page on Scholarships, Awards & Grants. Click here for more information regarding financial aid opportunities at the University of Utah.\n21. Are the University of Utah and the Department of Physical Therapy accredited?", "FAQs - U of U College of Health | College of Health\nYes the University of Utah is accredited by the Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges and was last accredited in 2006. The Department of Physical Therapy is also accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) 1111 North Fairfax Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314; telephone: 703-706-3245; email: [email protected] ; website: http://www.capteonline.org The Department was last accredited in 2008."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,463
https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2017/1001.26
Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate
["Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\nHome > Laws > 2017 Florida Statutes > Title XLVIII > Chapter 1001 > Section 26\nSee All 2018 Bills that Cite this Section\nTitle XLVIII K-20 EDUCATION CODE\nChapter 1001 K-20 GOVERNANCE Entire Chapter\nPublic broadcasting program system.\nF.S. 1001.26\n1001.26\u2003Public broadcasting program system.\u2014", "Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\n(1)\u2003There is created a public broadcasting program system for the state. The department shall provide funds, as specifically appropriated in the General Appropriations Act, to educational television stations qualified by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting that are part of the public broadcasting program system. The program system must include:\n(a)\u2003Support for existing Corporation for Public Broadcasting qualified program system educational television stations.", "Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\n(b)\u2003Maintenance of quality broadcast capability for educational stations that are part of the program system.\n(c)\u2003Interconnection of all educational stations that are part of the program system for simultaneous broadcast and of such stations with all universities and other institutions as necessary for sharing of resources and delivery of programming.", "Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\n(d)\u2003Establishment and maintenance of a capability for statewide program distribution with facilities and staff, provided such facilities and staff complement and strengthen existing educational television stations.", "Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\n(e)\u2003Provision of both statewide programming funds and station programming support for educational television to meet statewide priorities. Priorities for station programming need not be the same as priorities for programming to be used statewide. Station programming may include, but shall not be limited to, citizens\u2019 participation programs, music and fine arts programs, coverage of public hearings and governmental meetings, equal air time for political candidates, and other public interest programming.", "Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\n(2)\u2003The Department of Education may employ personnel, acquire equipment and facilities, and perform all duties necessary for carrying out the purposes and objectives of this section.", "Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\n(3)(a)\u2003The facilities, plant, or personnel of an educational television station that is supported in whole or in part by state funds may not be used directly or indirectly for the promotion, advertisement, or advancement of a political candidate for a municipal, county, legislative, congressional, or state office", "Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\nHowever, fair, open, and free discussion between political candidates for municipal, county, legislative, congressional, or state office may be permitted in order to help materially reduce the excessive cost of campaigns and to ensure that the state\u2019s citizens are fully informed about issues and candidates in campaigns", "Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\nThis paragraph applies to the advocacy for, or opposition to, a specific existing or proposed program of governmental action, which includes, but is not limited to, constitutional amendments, tax referenda, and bond issues. This paragraph shall be implemented in accordance with rules of the State Board of Education.", "Chapter 1001 Section 26 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate\n(b)\u2003A violation of a prohibition contained in this subsection is a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.\nHistory.\u2014s. 32, ch. 2002-387; s. 24, ch. 2004-41; s. 34, ch. 2009-80; s. 3, ch. 2012-133; s. 2, ch. 2013-35; s. 14, ch. 2014-39."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,467
http://regulations.delaware.gov/register/august2012/proposed/16%20DE%20Reg%20186%2008-01-12.htm
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
["Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nDivision of Watershed Stewardship\nSurface Water Discharges Section\nStatutory Authority: 7 Delaware Code, Chapter 60; (7 Del.C., Ch. 60)\nREGISTER NOTICE\n7431 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for the Lums Pond Sub-Watershed, Delaware\nBrief Synopsis of the Subject, Substance, and Issues", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nThe Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) plans to conduct a Public Hearing regarding a Proposed Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Regulation for nutrients and oxygen consuming materials for the Lums Pond Sub-Watershed. A TMDL sets a limit on the amount of a pollutant that can be discharged into a waterbody and still meet water quality standards", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nTMDLs are composed of Waste Load Allocations (WLAs) for point source discharges, Load Allocations (LAs) for nonpoint sources, and a Margin of Safety (MOS) to account for uncertainties.", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nThe proposed TMDL Regulation calls for pollutant load reductions from point and nonpoint sources of the Lums Pond State Park, an area managed by the Division of Parks and Recreation, DNREC, and from nonpoint sources from the area surrounding the Lums Pond State Park", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nDNREC will work with local citizen groups and internally among the Division of Parks and Recreation, the Division of Water\u2019s Surface Water Discharges Section, and the Division of Watershed Stewardship to implement the point and nonpoint source load reduction requirements.", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nStatutory Basis or Legal Authority to Act\nThe authority to develop a TMDL is provided by Title 7 of the Delaware Code, Chapter 60, and Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et. seq., as amended.\nOther Legislation That May be Impacted\nNotice of Public Hearings and Comment Period", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nThe Public Hearing for the proposed TMDL Regulations for the Lums Pond Sub-Watershed will be held at 3:00 p.m., Tuesday, August 21, 2012, at the New Castle Conservation District, 2430 Old Country Road, Newark, DE 19702.", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nThe hearing record for this proposed TMDL Regulation will remain open until 4:30 p.m., Friday, September 14, 2012. Please send written comments to Hassan Mirsajadi, Watershed Assessment and Management Section, Division of Watershed Stewardship, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, 820 Silver Lake Boulevard, Suite 220, Dover, DE 19904-2464, (302) 739-9939, facsimile: (302) 739-6140, email: ([email protected])", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nCopies of the Proposed TMDL Regulations and technical support document will be available as of Wednesday, August 1, 2012 on the Department\u2019s website at http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/swc/wa/Pages/WatershedAssessmentTMDLs.aspx or by contacting Hassan Mirsajadi, Watershed Assessment and Management Section, Division of Watershed Stewardship, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, 820 Silver Lake Boulevard, Suite 220, Dover, DE 19904-2464, (302) 739-9939, facsimile: (302) 739-6140, email: ([email protected]).", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\n1.1\tWater quality monitoring performed by the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) has shown that, within the Lums Pond Sub-Watershed, a small tributary southeast of Lums Pond that connects the Pond to a marina on the C&D Canal (Summit Marina) is impaired because of low dissolved oxygen. This small tributary receives pollutants from nonpoint sources, Lums Pond overflow, and the Lums Pond State Park Wastewater Treatment Plant discharge", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nA reduction of oxygen consuming pollutants and nutrients from point and nonpoint sources within the sub-watershed is necessary to improve water quality in this tributary and attain applicable water quality standards.", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\n1.2\tSection 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act requires states to develop a list (303(d) List) of waterbodies for which existing pollution control activities are not sufficient to attain applicable water quality criteria and to develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for pollutants or stressors causing the impairment. A TMDL sets a limit on the amount of a pollutant that can be discharged into a waterbody and still protect water quality", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\nA TMDL has three components including a Waste Load Allocation (WLA) for point source discharges, a Load Allocation (LA) for nonpoint sources, and a Margin of Safety (MOS) to account for uncertainties and future growth.", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\n1.3\tDNREC has listed the Lums Pond Sub-Watershed on Delaware\u2019s 303(d) Lists and proposes the following Total Maximum Daily Load Regulation for nitrogen, phosphorus, and 5-day Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD5) material.\n2.0\tTotal Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Regulation for the Lums Pond Sub-Watershed, Delaware\n2.1\tThe total nitrogen waste load allocation from the Lums Pond State Park Wastewater Treatment Plant shall be limited to 9 pounds per day.", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\n2.2\tThe total phosphorus waste load allocation from the Lums Pond State Park Wastewater Treatment Plant shall be limited to 2 pounds per day.\n2.3\tThe 5-day Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD5) waste load allocation from the Lums Pond State Park Wastewater Treatment Plant shall be limited to 13 pounds per day.", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\n2.4\tThe nonpoint source nitrogen load in the sub-watershed shall be reduced by 40 percent from the 2009-2011 baseline level. This shall result in an average of 30 pounds per day of nitrogen load.\n2.5\tThe nonpoint source phosphorus load in the sub-watershed shall be reduced by 40 percent from the 2009-2011 baseline level. This shall result in an average of 1 pound per day of phosphorus load.", "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control\n2.6\tThe nonpoint source CBOD5 in the sub-watershed shall be reduced by 40 percent from the 2009-2011 baseline level. This shall result in an average of 88 pounds per day of CBOD5 load.\n2.7\tBased upon water quality model runs and assuming implementation of reductions identified by subsections 2.1 1 through 2.6 above, DNREC has determined that water quality standards will be met in the Lums Pond Sub-Watershed with an adequate margin of safety.\n16 DE Reg. 186 (08/02/12) (Prop.)"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,469
http://www.math.wpi.edu/Course_Materials/MA1022B07/defint/node1.html
The Definite Integral
["The Definite Integral\nNext: About this document ... Up: lab_template Previous: lab_template\nDefinite and indefinite integrals with Maple\nAverage value of a function\nThe Definite Integral\nThe purpose of this lab is to introduce you to Maple commands for computing definite and indefinite integrals.", "The Definite Integral\nThere are two main ways to think of the definite integral. The easiest one to understand is as a means for computing areas (and volumes). The second way the definite integral is used is as a sum. That is, we use the definite integral to ``add things up''. Here are some examples.\nComputing net or total distance traveled by a moving object.\nComputing average values, e.g. centroids and centers of mass, moments of inertia, and averages of probability distributions.", "The Definite Integral\nThis lab is intended to introuduce you to Maple commands for computing integrals, including applications of integrals.\nThe basic Maple command for computing definite and indefinite integrals is the int command. The syntax is very similar to that of the leftsum and rightsum commands, except you don't need to specify the number of subintervals. Suppose you wanted to compute the following definite integral with Maple.\nThe command to use is shown below.\n> int(x^2,x=0..4);", "The Definite Integral\nNotice that Maple gives an exact answer, as a fraction. If you want a decimal approximation to an integral, you just put an evalf command around the int command, as shown below.\n> evalf(int(x^2,x=0..4));\nTo compute an indefinite integral with Maple, you just leave out the range for the limits of integration, as shown below.\n> int(x^2,x);\nNote that Maple does not include a constant of integration.", "The Definite Integral\nYou can also use the Maple int command with functions or expressions you have defined in Maple. For example, suppose you wanted to find area under the curve of the function on the interval . Then you can define this function in Maple with the command\n> f := x -> x*sin(x);\nand then use this definition as shown below.\n> int(f(x),x=0..Pi);", "The Definite Integral\nYou can also simply give the expression corresponding to a label in Maple, and then use that label in subsequent commands as shown below. However, notice the difference between the two methods. You are urged to choose one or the other, so you don't mix the syntax up.\n> p := x*sin(x);\n> int(p,x=0..Pi);", "The Definite Integral\nIf you want to find the area bounded by the graph of two functions, you should first plot both functions on the same graph. You can then find the intersection points using either the solve or fsolve command. Once this is done, you can calculate the definite integral in Maple. An example below illustrates how this can be done in Maple by finding the area bounded by the graphs of and :\n> f := x-> -x^2+4*x+6;\n> g := x-> x/3+2;\n> plot({f(x),g(x)},x=-2..6);\n> a := fsolve(f(x)=g(x),x=-2..0);", "The Definite Integral\n> b := fsolve(f(x)=g(x),x=4..6);\n> int(f(x)-g(x),x=a..b);\nIf a function is integrable over an interval , then we define the average value of , which we'll denote as , on this interval to be\nNote that the average value is just a number. For example, suppose you wanted to compute the average value of the function over the interval . The following Maple command would do the job.\n> int(-16*t^2+100*t,t=1..5)/(5-1);\nUse Maple to compute the following definite integrals.", "The Definite Integral\nFind the area of the region bounded by the curves and . Include a plot of the region.\nFind the area of the region bounded by the curves , and . Include a plot of the region. (Hint: You may need to evaluate two integrals.)\nFind the average value of on the following time intervals.\nIs the average value over the interval the same as the average of the two answers in Part 1 and Part 2?"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
13,161,695
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/1/293/
TETTER v. RAPESNYDER, 1 U.S. 293 (1788)
["TETTER v. RAPESNYDER, 1 U.S. 293 (1788)\nJustia \u203a U.S. Law \u203a U.S. Case Law \u203a U.S. Supreme Court \u203a Opinions by Volume \u203a Volume 1 \u203a TETTER v. RAPESNYDER\nTETTER v. RAPESNYDER, 1 U.S. 293 (1788)\n1 U.S. 293 (Dall.)\nTetter\nRapesnyder\nCourt of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County\nJune Term, 1788", "TETTER v. RAPESNYDER, 1 U.S. 293 (1788)\nThe parties, having consented to a reference, filed a written agreement appointing three persons, without saying or any two of them, to report; but the Clerk, in making out the rule, had so expressed it", "TETTER v. RAPESNYDER, 1 U.S. 293 (1788)\nThe three referees met, though only two of them signed the report; and now Lawrence moved to set it aside, on account of this variance between the rule and the agreement of the parties, offering to examine a witness, who was present at the transaction, to shew that it was intended all the referees should concur. See Fitzg. 215.", "TETTER v. RAPESNYDER, 1 U.S. 293 (1788)\nTo this, Ingersoll, for the Plaintiff, objected; and said, that where parties have reduced their agreement to writing, particularly in the case of a record, nothing by way of addition or alteration was admissible. To prove a name meant, or a fraud committed, and some other similar circumstances, were, he insisted, the only exceptions to this principle.", "TETTER v. RAPESNYDER, 1 U.S. 293 (1788)\nBut, by the Court: The question is not, whether parol testimony shall be given against a record; but whether the agreement filed in the Court, was a sifficient authority to the Clerk to make out the rule to any two of the referees. If this was his mistake, it certainly ought not to bear against the Defendant.", "TETTER v. RAPESNYDER, 1 U.S. 293 (1788)\nThe witness being examined, and having proved the Defendant's allegation, the opposite counsel contended, that as the rule had been before the Referees, and was inspected not only by them, but by the parties, it was too late to make the objection; for, it would be unjust to allow this advantage to the Defendant, after the whole business had been discussed, and the report agreed upon.\nPage 1 U.S. 293, 294", "TETTER v. RAPESNYDER, 1 U.S. 293 (1788)\nLawrence proposed reading some cases to shew, that the authority given to the Referees by the act of the parties, ought to have been strictly pursued.\nBut, by the Court: There would have been something equitable in the objection to the report, if only two of the Referees had met; but, as it appears that they all entered on the business, though only two of them have subscribed the report, we can consider nothing but the evident mistake of the Clerk; and, for that reason alone,\nLet the Report be set aside."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,454
https://training.fema.gov/is/
Emergency Management Institute | Independent Study Program (IS)
["Emergency Management Institute | Independent Study Program (IS)\nThe Emergency Management Institute (EMI) offers self-paced courses designed for people who have emergency management responsibilities and the general public. All are offered free-of-charge to those who qualify for enrollment. To get a complete listing of courses, view the list of active courses.\nBefore contacting the Independent Study Office, please review the FAQ's provided.\nTotal Active Courses: 185\nCalendar Year Extensions\nIS-650.b - Building Partnerships with Tribal Governments New 11/2/2018", "Emergency Management Institute | Independent Study Program (IS)\nNo new courses in October \u2014 See Entire Course List\nSign up via our free e-mail subscription service to receive notifications when new EMI information is available. With a subscription profile, you automatically receive updates without having to return to the website and check for changes. You also have the option of signing up for additional email updates from FEMA and EMI.\nLast Modified: 4/26/2018"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,455
https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/resipsa/46/
"Vol. 14, No. 03 (November 2003)"
["Vol. 14, No. 03 (November 2003)\nHome > LIBRARY > RESIPSA > 46\nVol. 14, No. 03 (November 2003)\n\"Vol. 14, No. 03 (November 2003)\" (2003). Res Ipsa Loquitur. 46.\nhttps://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/resipsa/46"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
12,021,797
https://alahmadiyya.org/books-islam-ahmadiyya/english-books/fundamentals-christian-faith-light-gospels-maulana-sadr-ud-din/jesus-not-god-man/
Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God
["Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\n\u201cAnd when he was come into his own country, he taught them in their synagogue, insomuch that they were astonished, and said, Whence hath this man this wisdom, and these mighty works? Is not this the carpenter\u2019s son? Is not his mother called Mary? And his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas? And his sisters, are they not all with us? Whence then hath this man all these things", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\n? And they were offended in him. But Jesus said unto them, A prophet is not without honour save in his own country, and in his own house\u201d (Matthew, 13:54\u201357).", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\nA study of this sacred text discloses the hard fact that people looked upon and believed Jesus to be a man and the son of a man, saying that Jesus was born of his mother Mary, in the house of a carpenter, and that his parents had children, both boys and girls other than Jesus, and that it was odd that, being a man, a human being like themselves, he should put forth such big claims. Jesus said in reply: It is true that I am a human being", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\nProphets, in the past, had likewise been cruelly treated by their respective peoples. Instead of believing in them, the people dep\u00adrecated and denounced them.\n\u201cAnd when he was come into Jerusalem [riding an ass], all the city was moved, saying, Who is this? And the multitude said, This is Jesus the prophet of Nazareth of Galilee\u201d (Matthew, 21:10\u201311).\n\u201cThe woman saith unto him, Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet\u201d (John, 4:19).", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\n\u201cFor the Holy Ghost was not yet given; because that Jesus was not yet glorified. Many of the people therefore when they heard this saying, said Of a truth this is the Prophet\u201d (John, 7:39\u201340).\nThese texts point out very clearly that Jesus was not God, but he was sent by God.", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\nJesus remained on the Cross for a short period of three hours. He had fallen into a state of complete unconsciousness, and was not dead, so that when his side was speared (John, 19:34), blood rushed out of his body", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\nOne Joseph of Arimathaea, an honourable counsellor of the State, who was also a disciple of Jesus (John, 19:38), took and carried him in that condition to his garden, and placed him in a room (John, 19:41) hewn for him in a rock, above the surface of the ground, and a huge stone was rolled to the entrance of the room. Blood had already started cir\u00adculating in his body; the fresh air of the garden further helped him regain consciousness", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\nJesus got up and went into the garden, but for fear of being apprehended again, he dressed himself as a gardener (John 20:15). And it so happened that two men went that same day to a village, and they talked together of all these things which had happened. And it came to pass that Jesus him\u00adself drew near, and walked along with them. But their eyes were holden that they should not know him (Luke, 24:13\u201316). Jesus asked them what things they had been talking of, one to another, as they walked", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\nOne of them said to him in reply that he was the only stranger in Jerusalem who knew not the things that had come to pass there in those days:", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\n\u201cAnd he [Jesus] said unto them, What things? And they said unto him, Concerning Jesus of Nazareth, which was a prophet, mighty in deed and word before God and all the people\u201d (Luke, 24:19).\nJesus heard this talk, and, finding it correct and true, contra\u00addicted it not; for, a prophet he was, of a truth, and prophets, not gods are crucified and slain.\n\u201cThen he [Jesus] said unto them [his disciples], O fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken\u201d (Luke, 24:25).", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\nAdmonishing his disciples in this way, Jesus called himself a prophet, in whom prophecies were fulfilled.\n\u201cAn evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas: for as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale\u2019s belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth\u201d (Matthew, 12:39\u201340).", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\nDescribing his resemblance with Prophet Jonah, Jesus made it clear that he was also a prophet, and that he would face the same situation as fell to the lot of Jonah. Jonah was swallowed alive by the whale, and alive was he vomited out. Jesus, thus outlining his resemblance with Prophet Jonah, proclaimed that he was also a prophet and, like Jonah, he would be put into the grave alive and alive he would come out from there. Accordingly, the angels had informed the women in a vision that he was alive", "Jesus - A Human Being and an Apostle of God\nJesus did not confine his comparison to one prophet alone; he repeated his comparison with Solomon as well (Luke, 11:31). Jesus claimed that he was one of the prophets."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
12,021,800
https://piafidelistrilogy.com/
Pia Fidelis Trilogy
["Pia Fidelis Trilogy\nPia Fidelis Trilogy\nPia Fidelis\nThe PIA FIDELIS Trilogy\nAVAILABLE NOW!!!\nPIA FIDELIS is a historical-fiction trilogy which tells a tale of war, adventure and romance amidst a crumbling empire and the rising Shadow of the Antichrist.", "Pia Fidelis Trilogy\nPIA FIDELIS begins in 351 A.D. as civil war looms over the Roman Empire and the Arian crisis rages within the Church. In The Two Kingdoms, a Western Roman military tribune, Septimus, must overcome betrayal as he fights against all odds in a civil war that threatens his return to Rome and the woman he is to marry. In Constantinople, Melissa, the daughter of an Eastern Roman general, attracts the attentions of prominent members of the court, including those of Emperor Constantius", "Pia Fidelis Trilogy\nIn the meantime, as Constantius plots to impose Arian beliefs upon the Church, his cousin, Julian, begins to follow a sorceror who is seemingly able to conjure the ancient gods of the Greeks and Romans\u2026and from these spirits, Julian learns of their great plan for him.\nIn The Two Kingdoms, destiny begins to set the paths of Septimus, Melissa and Julian on a course that will one day intersect\u2026\nNow available on AMAZON, Barnes & Noble, or order through local bookstore!"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,464
https://folkways.si.edu/pete-seeger-discusses-smithsonian-folkways-recordings-mission-and-purpose/spoken-word/video/smithsonian
Pete Seeger discusses Smithsonian Folkways Recordings mission and purpose | Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
["Pete Seeger discusses Smithsonian Folkways Recordings mission and purpose | Smithsonian Folkways Recordings\nPete Seeger discusses Smithsonian Folkways Recordings mission and purpose\nPete Seeger was asked in 2006 whether he had any advice for the production staff and archivists at Smithsonian Folkways Recordings.\nFrom a conversation with Daniel Sheehy, Director of Smithsonian Folkways Recordings\nCFV10059"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,465
https://scholarly.cmich.edu/?a=d&d=CMUGR2017-129.1.66
2017, Thesis, A behavioral intervention to improve sportsmanship in community-based youth sports / — Central Michigan University Scholarly & Creative Works
["2017, Thesis, A behavioral intervention to improve sportsmanship in community-based youth sports / \u2014 Central Michigan University Scholarly & Creative Works\nA behavioral intervention to improve sportsmanship..., 2017\nA behavioral intervention to improve sportsmanship in community-based youth sports /\nTobin, Amanda L., author.\nCopyright 2017 by Amanda L. Tobin. In accordance with Title 17 of the United States Code, Copyright Law of the United States of America, this material is copyrighted, and any further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without the permission of the copyright owner.", "2017, Thesis, A behavioral intervention to improve sportsmanship in community-based youth sports / \u2014 Central Michigan University Scholarly & Creative Works\nSportsmanship; Behavior modification; Attention-deficit-disordered children -- Behavior modification; Sports for children; Sports for children with disabilities"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,462
https://casetext.com/case/gordon-v-chevrolet-shell-div
GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.
["GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nGordon v. Chevrolet-Shell Division of General Motors Corp.\nSnead v. Adams Construction Company\n\" To like effect are Miller v. United States, 71 F.2d 361 (5th Cir. 1934), aff'd 294 U.S. 435, 55 S.Ct. 440,\u2026\nSapienza v. Deaconess Hosp\nIf it appears that the injury has caused a partial loss of bodily function, which impairs the efficiency of\u2026\nFull title:GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP\nCourt:St. Louis Court of Appeals, Missouri\n269 S.W.2d 163 (Mo. Ct. App. 1954)", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nSt. Louis Court of Appeals, Missouri\nMay 18, 1954. Motion for Rehearing or to Transfer to Supreme Court Denied and Opinion Modified. July 7, 1954.\nAPPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT, CITY OF ST. LOUIS, F. E. WILLIAMS, J.\nNot to be reported in State Reports.\nHarlan Harlan, John L. Harlan, Sr., Clayton, for appellant.\nMilton R. Fox, Julius H. Berg, St. Louis, for respondent.\nANDERSON, Presiding Judge.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThis is a proceeding under the Workmen's Compensation Law, Sections 287.010- 287.800 RSMo 1949, V.A.M.S. the appeal is by the employer, Chevrolet-Shell Division of General Motors Corporation, from the judgment of the Circuit Court of the City of St. Louis affirming an award in favor of the employee, Bennie W. Gordon.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe claim for compensation alleged injuries to claimant's back, left leg, and ankle, sustained December 20, 1951, as a result of a fall. The employer, a self-insurer, in its answer, denied each and every allegation in said claim.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThere was a hearing before a referee of said commission which resulted in an award in favor of the employee for permanent partial disability in the sum of $30 per week for eighty weeks, said payments to begin as of December 21, 1951. The award was based upon a finding that the employee had suffered a twenty per cent. permanent partial disability. Upon application for review, the Industrial Commission affirmed the award of the referee, and entered a final award in favor of claimant", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nIt was admitted at the hearing before the referee that Bennie W. Gordon was, on December 20, 1951, an employee of Chevrolet-Shell Division of General Motors; that both parties were subject to the provisions of the Missouri Workmen's Compensation Law; that the employer had notice of the employee's injury; that the claim was filed within the time prescribed by law; and that the average weekly wage of the employee was in excess of $42.50", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe disputed fact issues were: (1) whether the employee sustained a compensable injury on December 20, 1951; and (2) if such injury was sustained, the nature and extent of disability resulting therefrom.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nClaimant at the time of the hearing was twenty-nine years old, and was at the time of the alleged accident and injury employed as a \"nicker\" operator in appellant's plant. The duties of such an operator were to make cuts or nicks in bars of steel by the use of an electric torch. The bars of steel, four inches wide, are moved on a conveyor, past the nicking machine", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe operator of said machine stands on a platform located at the side of the conveyor and, in making the operation, moves a lever which causes the steel bar to stop and a torch to burn a cut into the steel. The lever is then moved, a button pressed, and the steel bar again moved forward until a point is reached where another cut is desired. The steel bars come into the shop on a cross-conveyor and are delivered to the conveyor which carries them past the nicking machine", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nDuring the operation a steel bar will occasionally get stuck or caught, making it necessary for someone to straighten it so that the bars will move forward on the conveyor. This is usually done by a material handler.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nOn Thursday, December 20, 1951, at about 9:30 a.m., while claimant was engaged in operating his machine, several of the steel bars became stuck. There was no material handler present at the time, whereupon claimant himself attempted to remedy the situation. He testified that he jumped off the platform on which he was standing, took a crowbar, got up on the main conveyor and attempted to pry the bars apart", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nHe stated that as he was doing this he lost his balance and fell to the floor, a distance of approximately six feet, striking his back and left leg against a part of the machinery as he fell. Mr. Huber, the general foreman, immediately came up to claimant and inquired if he was hurt. According to claimant, Mr. Huber, just prior to the fall, was standing in front of claimant's machine talking to him and calling his attention to the bars that were stuck", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nBy the time Huber arrived claimant had arisen from the floor and, in reply to Huber's inquiry, stated that he did not think he was hurt. Claimant did not tell Huber he had fallen, but had assumed that Huber had seen him fall.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nClaimant further testified that, thereafter, he continued working, but after a few moments felt pain in the lower part of his back, a little below the belt line, and pain in his left leg. He told Huber about this and the latter sent someone to relieve him. Claimant then reported at the dispensary.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nHuber testified that he was standing at the time about six feet northeast of the machine claimant was operating, and that the actual distance from the floor to the top of the main conveyor was forty-four and one-half inches. With steel on the conveyor, the distance from the floor was forty-eight inches.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nHuber is six feet tall, and from where he was standing he was able to see the floor on the opposite side. He stated that claimant stood on the steel on top of the conveyor and straightened the steel bar with a pinch bar. After doing so, claimant stepped down to his working position and, as he did so, slipped and started to fall, but caught himself. He stated that claimant did not fall to the floor.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nOn cross-examination, Huber testified that he could not see through claimant, and therefore could not know whether he struck anything in back of him, but was certain claimant did not strike the floor. He further testified that he immediately went up to claimant and told him he had better go to the dispensary, which he did. He stated that claimant worked the rest of the day, and full time the following day, Friday, according to the employer's records.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nClaimant testified that after receiving treatment at the dispensary he returned to his job and worked the rest of the day. That evening claimant consulted Dr. Rusan. Dr. Rusan treated claimant's leg and bandaged his back. Claimant remained home the following day, but reported for work the following Monday. During the next two or three weeks claimant was given lighter work, but at the end of that period returned to his regular job", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nTwo men were assigned to help him, one to keep the bars of steel moving freely, and the other to work with him on the bars so that he would not have to bend his back. This arrangement lasted about a week and a half. During that time the machine on which claimant worked was being changed so that an automatic device moved and lowered the steel. After that, the extra man was taken off and claimant continued to operate the machine in the same manner he had prior to the accident", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nAfter returning to his regular job, claimant worked continuously, putting in overtime of approximately eight hours per week during the period from December 30, 1951, to June 15, 1952.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nHuber testified that two men worked at the machine both before and after the accident. He stated that claimant did the same kind of work after the accident that he did before being injured. He further testified that claimant worked the day following the accident, and that the \"absence\" report prepared by claimant himself did not mention December 21, but did show that, because of illness, claimant was off work from December 22nd (Saturday) to 7:00 a.m. December 24th", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nWhether Sunday was a working day for claimant does not appear from the record. The record of the dispensary shows that claimant was treated there on the 22nd and 23rd of December.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nOn claimant's first visit to the dispensary his back was taped, and he was given heat treatment. The records of the dispensary show that claimant visited the dispensary on sixteen different days, through January 16, 1952. After that date his next visit was June 7, 1952. At the dispensary he was given heat treatments, aspirin, anesthesin and caffeine pills, also a vitamin B-1 preparation.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nDr. Thomas Rusan testified that he first examined claimant on the evening of December 20, 1951. At that time claimant was able to rise without assistance, but with difficulty, and seated himself in the consultation chair slowly, but with difficulty. Claimant undressed himself with difficulty. There was partial flexion of the hip. There was swelling and tenderness over the lumbar and sacral regions, but no radiation of pain, and no muscular atrophy. Protective movements on bending were noted", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe flexion with bending on the trunk was possibly 70 degrees, with associated pain and limitation. The pain was increased on hyper-extension. Rotation was painful, and there was restriction of movement. He stated that the leg raising test was negative. There was some Romberg on the right leg, and the left leg was positive and painful bilaterally.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe doctor further testified that on lying down there was a spasm of the sacrum, lumbar and sacroiliac muscles, and that pain increased on flexion above 90 degrees. There was pain on external rotation or abduction and straight leg-raising 80 degrees. The doctor's diagnosis at the time was that claimant suffered a lumbar sacral sprain, and laceration of left leg. The indicated treatment was sodium salicylate iodine, colchiciene hypodermically, and heat to be given as necessary.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nClaimant's next visit to Dr. Rusan was on December 22nd, at which time he told the doctor that his pain had diminished somewhat. He was given the same treatment as was administered on the first visit. Subsequent visits were made on the 24th, 27th and 29th of December, also on January 3rd, 5th, 11th, 15th, and 19th. On the latter visit the diathermy treatment was increased from fifteen minutes to thirty minutes. On each visit claimant received intravenously sodium salicylate iodine, and colchiciene", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe next visit was on January 22, 1952, at which time claimant stated he was doing better, but complained of pain on stooping, and inability to lift. A physical examination at that time revealed that movements were less limited. The same treatment theretofore administered was given him on that date. Claimant was given the same treatment on January 25th and 30th. On the latter visit claimant stated he was feeling better", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nHe again visited the doctor on February 3rd, at which time he complained of pain on turning in bed. He was treated on February 6th and February 9th, at which times the doctor noted that muscle spasms were still present. On February 15th he was again treated, and said he was doing better and was able to do more work. At the time, however, there was still present pain on bending, and restriction of movement. The same treatment as theretofore rendered was given him on this occasion", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nOn February 22nd he was again treated, and received his last diathermy treatment. The doctor stated that claimant had received altogether seventeen diathermy treatments. On February 29th claimant returned to the doctor's office and said his back felt much better, and that he noticed tenderness chiefly on bending and lifting. Claimant was next treated on March 10th, and received sodium salicylate by mouth", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe same treatment was administered on April 19th, at which time claimant stated that his back felt about the same. An examination on this occasion revealed some limitation and muscle spasm. The doctor noted in his record at that time that there was possibly a twenty-five per cent. permanent disability. Claimant was again treated May 12th and 29th, and stated he was feeling better. The last treatment by Dr. Rusan was on June 14th, at which time claimant stated he was \"doing fine\". Dr", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nRusan stated that he noted then \"he had flexion approximately 85 degrees, extension 160 degrees, hyperextension of 140, right and left side bending 110 degrees.\" The doctor further testified:", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\n\"Q. Do you believe that Mr. Gordon now, based on your last examination, has any permanent partial disability? A. Yes. * * * I made a note he has 25%.\n\"Q. You think he has 25% permanent partial disability of what? A. Back. Lumbar sacral region.\n\"Q. What do you base your opinion on, doctor * * *? A. On the amount of flexion, amount of bending and muscle rigidity and muscle pain in the back.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\n\"Q. Did you find an amount of muscle spasm present on every examination? A. I did. I also based it on the fact it has been approximately seven months since the accident and with heat treatment and the amount of sodium salicylate I think he has progressed as far as he is going to progress.\"\nThe doctor further testified that he did not believe further treatment or time would reduce the amount of disability, and that he believed the injury was permanent.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nDr. Henry Hampton testified that he first examined claimant on January 8, 1952. At that time claimant complained of pain in the lower back. The doctor further testified: \"I felt in the lower back of both sacroiliac articulations. There was some muscle spasm present on all occasions. I examined and treated him five times and during that time I found this tenderness and to a lessening degree, so when I last saw him there was very little tenderness", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\n* * * I examined him on the 17th and 19th of May, and he had very little tenderness then.\" X-rays which he made of claimant were negative for injury to the bone, and all vertebrae were normal. He testified that all movements found in the normal spine and pelvis were present at all examinations. He further stated: \"There was moderate restriction of rotation of the pelvis, both to the right and left on active movement", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nWhen the trunk was rotated to the left the disability and pain apparently increased in the right sacroiliac joint. Forward flexion and extension could be accomplished but these latter movements were slow and calculated, and apparently uncomfortable with extensive pain. Palpation and compression of the spinous processes of the spinal cord and lumbar vertebrae showed no evidence of injury except for a moderate amount of pain over the muscles of the spine, being the vertebrae muscles * * *", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nHe was able to raise his leg and keep his pelvis on the table, up to 90% normal * * *. He was able to bend forward to fasten and unfasten his shoes and slip trousers on and off without discomfort * * * those bring to play all muscles of the pelvis and thigh. * * * I know he had pain in the lower back and was uncomfortable whenever the weather was cold, cloudy or rainy. * * * Whenever a muscle is fractured or injured when the weather changes there is stiffness", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\n* * * Following my several examinations of this man I made this notation. * * * I said, `this man suffered a low back trauma apparently of moderate severity at place of employment.' The injury was confined to the soft tissue in the lower back, that is muscles and fascia. He probably experienced some difficulty immediately after the accident with moderate restriction of movement in the affected area", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\n* * * On the basis of repeated examinations, laboratory information and X-ray examinations, I believe that whatever injury Mr. Bennie Gordon might have suffered in the fall of 1951, when he slipped and fell, was confined to the sacroiliac joint and to the soft tissue overlying same. I believe that a reasonable estimate of his disability should be rated at 15% loss at the level of the sacral and lumbar vertebrae * * *. To me, 15% represented to me a generous maximum, be somewhere close to that", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nI am giving him full advantage above his complaints of pain, limited motion and inability to pick up things, although he did demonstrate on occasions he did pick up things very well.\"", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nDr. Marlin C. Spoeneman, director of the medical department of the employer and in charge of its first aid dispensary, also testified for the employer. In addition to finding a superficial abrasion of the left leg, he noted a contusion of the lumbar region, but no abrasions or discoloration of the skin, and no swelling in that area. There was tenderness in that region, and his treatment consisted of aspirin tablets and infra-red heat treatments", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe doctor made no tests to determine disability, and made no notation with respect to muscle spasm. He stated, however, that his records indicated simply a localized tenderness in the lumbar region. He did not see claimant between January 16th and June 7th, during which time claimant was under treatment by Dr. Hampton. On June 7th claimant did not have any muscle spasm.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nOn his first visit to the dispensary claimant's leg was dressed and his back taped. The injury to the leg consisted of a gash three or four inches below the kneecap. The wound was a superficial one and any claim for compensation by reason thereof was abandoned by claimant. Thereafter, claimant was given a series of treatments at the dispensary, which included heat treatments, pills, and \"shots\"", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nClaimant was uncertain as to how many visits he made to the dispensary, but stated that it was more than a half dozen times. He further stated that when he did go to the dispensary it would sometimes be as often as two or three times a day. The records of the dispensary showed that there were only two occasions on which claimant reported to the dispensary twice in one day, namely, December 20th and December 24th", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe records further showed that claimant visited the dispensary on sixteen different days through January 16, 1952, and thereafter not until June 7, 1952. In the meantime, Dr. Spoeneman, who was in charge of the dispensary, had sent him to see Dr. Henry Hampton. Claimant was also being treated by Dr. Rusan. In general, he was given heat treatments at the dispensary, and pain pills consisting of aspirin, anesthesin and caffeine. He was also given a Vitamin B-1 preparation", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nClaimant does not wear any mechanical device on his back for the reason that the use of such was discouraged by Dr. Spoeneman and Dr. Rusan. Claimant testified that he still took pills whenever he felt pain. He also stated that he still had pain in his back, but that his condition had improved. He further testified that he could do everything that he had done before the accident, but there were some things which caused pain when he did them", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nWhen asked to specify what those things were, he replied that if a steel bar gets stuck while the extra man is at lunch and he himself straightens it, he experiences pain.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nHuber testified that claimant worked very steadily at his job and was a good worker, in fact, was one of his best employees. He stated that claimant had never complained to him of inability to do his job, and that he had never noticed anything which would indicate that claimant was unable to perform his work.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nClaimant's earnings' record showed that he worked steadily since the date of the accident, and that his earnings in most weeks were in excess of $90 per week. In the first two weeks of February claimant earned $105 per week, working fifty-three hours each week. During the last two weeks shown by the record, the weeks of June 8th and June 16th, 1952, claimant earned $95.16 per week for a forty-eight hour week. Only during five weeks of the twenty-six week period did claimant earn less than $70", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nClaimant testified that he had previously been in the military service, during which time he developed flat feet. Thereafter, he received a disability rating of ten per cent from the government, and was receiving compensation on that basis.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe appellant assigns as error the action of the trial court in affirming the award of the commission. In support of this assignment it is urged that the finding of the commission that claimant sustained a 20% permanent partial disability was unreasonable and contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nIt is argued that this conclusion necessarily follows from consideration of the following facts developed by the evidence, towit: (1) that claimant suffered no broken bones, but received an injury merely to the muscles and soft tissues of the lower back; (2) that there was no abrasion or discoloration at the site of the injury; (3) that claimant was steadily employed after the accident in the performance of the same work he did prior thereto; (4) that claimant suffered no loss of wage as a result of the accident; (5) that claimant has since the accident been able to perform all of the duties of his job in a satisfactory manner; and (5) that claimant's condition had steadily improved in that the pain and tenderness in his back has continued to diminish.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nIt is true that the foregoing facts, considered alone, tend to prove that Gordon's injuries were not as serious as claimed. But the commission was not limited to the evidence which established the foregoing facts. Its duty was to consider all the evidence, including the testimony of the physicians who treated claimant and who were in a position to give expert testimony as to the nature and extent of claimant's injuries.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe testimony of Dr. Rusan shows that when he first treated claimant he found swelling and tenderness over the lumbar and sacral regions of claimant's back. There was pain and limitation of movement present at the time. The doctor's diagnosis was that claimant had suffered a lumbar sacral sprain. Claimant thereafter received numerous treatments which extended over a period of approximately six months, during which time the symptoms first noted by the doctor persisted, though there was some improvement. Dr", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nRusan further testified that upon his last examination, which was in June, 1952, there was still present limitation of movement, muscle spasm, and pain. The doctor gave it as his opinion that claimant had suffered a 25% permanent partial disability to his back.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nDr. Hampton found the same symptoms present at the times he examined claimant, and testified that \"a reasonable estimate of his disability should be rated at 15% loss at the level of the sacral and lumbar vertebrae.\"", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nIt is possible to suffer a permanent partial disability to the body as a whole as the result of back injury, even though no bones are fractured. Worley v. Swift Co., Mo.App., 231 S.W.2d 828. Recovery may also be had under Section 287.190 RSMo 1940, V.A.M.S., for permanent partial disability, notwithstanding the fact that the person injured suffers no loss of time from work and no immediate loss of earning power. Betz v. Columbia Tel. Co., 224 Mo.App. 1004, 24 S.W.2d 224; Worley v", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nSwift Co., Mo.App., 231 S.W.2d 828; Carr v. John W. Rowan Plastering Co., 227 Mo.App. 562, 55 S.W.2d 727; Sleets v. St. Louis Material Supply Co., Mo.App., 39 S.W.2d 821; Graf v. National Steel Products Co., 225 Mo.App. 702, 38 S.W.2d 518; Lynch v. Gleaner Combine Harvester Corp., 223 Mo.App. 196, 17 S.W.2d 554.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nOf course, the fact that the employee resumed his work may be considered for its evidentiary value in determining the ultimate fact issue, and in fixing the percentage of disability, if any; but the mere fact that such work is resumed, and at the same wage, does not disentitle the employee to compensation if, in fact, it appears from a consideration of the whole record that there is an injury which is the cause of a partial loss of bodily function which impairs the efficiency of the person in the ordinary pursuits of life", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nIn our opinion, there was ample evidence in the record from which the commission could reasonably have found that claimant suffered a 20% disability to his body as a whole as a result of the accident of December 20, 1951.\nIt is urged that since the commission in its finding of fact found that claimant sustained an injury to the left leg as well as to the back, the award was based upon an injury for which no claim was made and for that reason the award should not be permitted to stand.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe evidence was conclusive that the claimant sustained a superficial abrasion to his leg, and that he abandoned any claim for compensation by reason of said injury. There was no suggestion in the evidence that said injury contributed in any degree to the disability, and to infer that the commission based its award in part on this slight leg injury would be clearly unreasonable and contrary to the rule that all reasonable intendments should be indulged in favor of the award of the commission", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe case was tried before the commission on the theory that it was the back injury which caused the disability, and that the leg injury was of no consequence. Under the circumstances, we hold that the award was responsive to the evidence and the theory on which the case was tried.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nIt is further urged by appellant that the commission should have deducted from the 20% disability found to exist, the 10% rating for flat feet previously allowed claimant by the Veterans' Administration. Appellant, in support of this contention, cites Section 287.220 RSMo 1949, V.A.M.S., and Goebel v. Missouri Candy Co., 227 Mo.App. 112, 50 S.W.2d 741", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThis defense was not set up in appellant's answer, nor does it appear that the matter was specifically urged below, and no reference to such defense was made in the motion for new trial filed in the trial court. But assuming, without deciding, that the question is before us, we are of the opinion that there is no merit to the contention made. The record does not disclose the basis of the award of the Veterans' Administration", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nWhether it was for disability for industrial purposes or otherwise does not appear. Furthermore, it is not shown that the present impairment of claimant's body as a whole was contributed to in any degree by his flat feet. If the award of the Veterans' Administration could be said to be based upon a finding that claimant suffered a 10% disability to his body as a whole by reason of flat feet, the Industrial Commission, in the case at bar, was in no sense bound by such action", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe finding of the Veterans' Administration would, at most, be merely evidence in support of a defense, if one were asserted by the employer and insurer, that the employee was in fact subject to a disability of ten per cent prior to the time of the accident out of which this proceeding has arisen", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nThe refusal of the commission, in the case at bar, to be bound by the action of the Veterans' Administration does not, in view of the other evidence adduced, render the award erroneous as not being supported by competent evidence upon the whole record.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nFinally, it is urged that the commission erred in failing to give credit to the employer for wages paid the employee after his injury. Appellant relies upon Section 287.160(3) RSMo 1949, V.A.M.S., which provides that: \"The employer shall be entitled to credit for wages paid the employee after the injury, and for any sum paid to or for the employee or his dependents on account of the injury except for liability under section 287.140.\" The latter section deals with medical, surgical and hospital treatments.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nSection 287.190 RSMo 1949, V.A.M.S. deals with injuries which leave an employee permanently maimed and which are likely to permanently impair his ability to carry on the ordinary pursuits of life, and which reduce his future occupational opportunities. Said section does not require a showing of loss of earning power as a prerequisite to the recovery of compensation payments. To hold the employer entitled to credit for wages earned would be inconsistent with the apparent purpose of the Act.", "GORDON v. CHEVROLET-SHELL DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP.\nIn our opinion, it was not error for the Commission to refuse to credit the employer with payment of wages made to the employee for services performed subsequent to the date of injury. These payments were not made on account of the injury and were not intended as gratuities, but represented money earned by the employee.\nFinding no error in the record, it follows that the judgment of the circuit court affirming the award of the commission should in turn be affirmed by this court, and it is so ordered."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,466
http://www.utoledo.edu/al/svpa/about.html
A to Z List
["A to Z List\nSchool of Visual and Performing Arts\nArts and Letters Home\nSchool of Visual and Performing Arts Home\nDepartment of Theatre and Film\nSVPA Contact Info\nSVPA Mission and Vision\nAbout SVPA\nInterdisciplinary Minors\nAlumni Information and News\nUT Arts & Culture Page\nSVPA Staff Contacts\nSVPA Blog\nSVPA Campuses\nNational Association of Schools of Art and Design\nNational Association of Schools of Music\n/al/\nEdward Shapiro Distinguished Lecture\nMaryse and Ramzy Mikhail Memorial Lecture\nSullivan Hall", "A to Z List\nThe University of Toledo School of Visual and Performing Arts website is designed to assist you with information on our activities, events, and academic programs. The School proudly houses the Departments of Art, Music, and Theatre and Film. The School of Visual and Performing Arts, Department of Art is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design and the Department of Music, by the National Association of Schools of Music", "A to Z List\nWe are located on two campuses, Main Campus, where you will find the Center for Performing Arts and the director\u2019s office (Sullivan Hall), and the Museum Campus, which features the Center for the Visual Arts, designed by internationally-renowned architect, Frank O. Gehry. Both faculty and students across the school are practicing artists and scholars who regularly perform, present and exhibit locally, regionally, and nationally. Faculty scholars and artists are internationally active as well.", "A to Z List\nThe SVPA shares rewarding partnerships with the Toledo Museum of Art, The Toledo Symphony Orchestra, The Arts Commission, and the Glacity Theatre Collective, as well as with other colleges and departments throughout the University. We are an active and highly engaged School. We hope to see you at our upcoming SVPA sponsored offerings, whether you are looking for an exhibition, lecture series, theatrical production, film series or concert. Please join us.\nSVPA Events - Arts and Culture Portal"]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,477
http://wjcash.org/WJCash6/Charlotte.News.Articles/8-31-40.htm
Saturday, August 31, 1940
["Saturday, August 31, 1940\nSite Ed. Note: \"Gag Bill\" demonstrates the long lineage of occasional departures from the Bill of Rights in reactive legislation or attempted legislation by the Congress in time of particular stress to the nation. The Alien and Sedition acts were the first, the Patriot Act arguably the latest, though the jury still remains out on whether parts of the latter act, especially aspects of Title II, \"Enhanced Surveillance Procedures\", may be unconstitutional", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nFor instance, one part of the act, arising under Title VII, which makes it criminal for any group or individual to provide \"expert advice or assistance\" to any designated foreign terrorist organization, as determined by the Secretary of State in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury, (all of course a part of the executive branch), has been held by a United States District Court in California in early 2004 to be unconstitutionally vague and tending to chill First Amendment rights to freedom of speech and association.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nOf the four acts passed in 1798, three dealt exclusively with aliens, the Naturalization Act, extending the time for residency to acquire citizenship from five to fourteen years, and the Alien Act and Alien Enemies Act which gave the president power to imprison any alien suspected of hostile actions to the government of the United States (the latter thus not dissimilar to the Patriot Act in its ultimate import)", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThe fourth, the Sedition Act, allowed for the conviction and imprisonment of anyone, alien or not, who published statements critical of the president or Congress. Eventually the unpopular acts expired by sunset provisions in 1800 and 1801, or, as in the case of the Naturalization Act, was overturned by the Jeffersonian anti-Federalists after the election of 1800 in which the party swept to power in the White House and Congress.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThe acts had been designed to limit both criticism of the Federalist government under John Adams as well as to thwart immigration by the French, who had been actively courted by the Jeffersonians who favored the French revolutionary government.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nShortly after their passage in 1798 the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures passed counter resolutions, those in Kentucky drafted by Vice-President Jefferson and those in Virginia by James Madison. The resolutions provided that the federal government was established by compact with the states and that, by provision of the Tenth Amendment, the government could not exercise power not specifically delegated to it in the Constitution, the rest being reserved to the states", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThe Kentucky Resolutions stated that the only enumerated powers of the Congress to pass criminal laws regarded treason, counterfeiting, piracy and other crimes on the high seas, and offenses against the laws of nations, and thus any other criminal laws passed by Congress were void and could be summarily nullified by the states", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThey went on to say that \"alien friends\" were citizens of the states where they reside and that no power had been granted to Congress by the Constitution to act with regard to them, thus allowing nullification of the Alien laws. The Resolutions also held it to be a violation of Due Process to enable the President to deport aliens without trial", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nAs to the Sedition Act, they stated that since the First Amendment guarded \"in the same sentence, and under the same words, the freedom of religion, of speech, and of the press, insomuch that whatever violates either throws down the sanctuary which covers the others; and that libels, falsehood, and defamation, equally with heresy and false religion, are withheld from the cognizance of federal tribunals.\" That is, Jefferson saw the protections of press, speech, and religion as one freedom and violation of one component automatically abused each of the others.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nAlthough the Resolutions had no significant impact of themselves, as the reason for them soon disappeared from the political landscape, their reasoning was brandished 34 years after the death on the same Independence Day of both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams to justify something that no doubt would have horrified Jefferson and Adams, the split of the nation and secession of the South over the issue of slavery. The Resolutions made explicitly plain their proponents' desire to maintain the union.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nWhen boiled to its Constitutional argument, the 1860 issue was whether the slave constituted mere chattel or was a citizen within the meaning of the Due Process clause of the Fifth Amendment, and even if so, whether or not the proscription of acting in derogation of Due Process commanded only the Congress and not the individual states, thus leaving to the states to decide to whom or whether Due Process applied", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nHence, as thus applied, the argument Jefferson had advanced in a more general sense to preserve individual liberty and thus to restrict the government in passing laws violative of it had been turned on its head to deny individual liberty. This latter argument, we term, not States Rights, but rather \"Stets Riiights\".", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThe Thirteenth Amendment abolishing involuntary servitude, the Fourteenth Amendment insuring Equal Protection of the laws and Due Process of law to all citizens of the several states became necessary in the wake of the Civil War to clarify the matter, after the deaths of some estimated 618,000 Americans, over two-thirds of whom had died from disease rather than battle", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nYet, even after these amendments, the Fifteenth Amendment providing the right to vote to former slaves and the attempt by Congress to pass civil rights legislation, still the machinations of the South, its recalcitrant ruling orders, maintained in large part the system existing in some sense, and out of pure spite by the white masters deprived of their chattel, in worse condition than during slavery, took yet another hundred years before the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, coupled with the elimination of the poll tax by Constitutional Amendment in 1962, and of course in 1954-55, Brown v", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nBoard of Education ordering the desegregation of public schools \"with all deliberate speed\", and the deaths of many more Americans in the process, before the ugliness and disease, promulgated and perpetuated by toothless fetched eidola, born of three centuries of dark habit and lazy, ill-bred thought, would finally begin to subside in the greater majority of the South.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThe debate of course between a strong central government and states rights has raged at varying times during the country's history over various issues", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nIt is at the heart of the differing philosophies of government typically voiced as the primary difference between the modern Republican Party and the modern Democratic Party, the former, ironically the party of Lincoln, usually favoring a weaker central government and stronger authority to the individual states and local communities, an early Jeffersonian concept", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nYet again with irony, the Democratic Party, usually associated as the party of Jefferson, is typically aligned with broader enforcement of civil liberties by the federal government upon the actions of the states and local government entities. How it all doth become confused in time", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\n(Pity the poor alien whether a hundred years ago or today, who must, in learning American history, contend with labels and perhaps conclude quite logically that the \"Republican Party\" of Jefferson is the same Republican Party of today--which of course it not only wasn't but was by and large the opposing party, at least of the Federalist Party, which became more or less the Whigs which became, after splintering into the Know-Nothings of Millard Fillmore, more or less the Republican Party first of John C", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nFremont of California in 1856 and then Lincoln...who actually abandoned the Republicans in 1864 and formed the Union Party. The Democrats at least have been fairly consistent in name since Andrew Jackson in 1828. But before that, add the woe to the pity, the Democrats had been both the \"Republicans\" and \"anti-Federalists\", then the Democrat-Republicans, before dropping the hyphen, at least more or less.)", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nIn a climate where increasingly it appears to a large number of our people that it is appropriate to limit the rights of aliens, maybe even to give up their own once alien but turned inalienable rights for the harsh and reckless expediency of the myth of insular safety, (one usually dies at home in bed of natural causes), it is worth remembering the warning words of Jefferson:", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\n\"That the friendless alien has been selected as the safest subject of a first experiment; but the citizen will soon follow, or rather has already followed; for already has a Sedition Act marked him as a prey", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThat these and successive acts of the same character, unless arrested on the threshold, may tend to drive these states into revolution and blood, and will furnish new calumnies against republican governments, and new pretexts for those who wish it to be believed that man cannot be governed but by a rod of iron; that it would be a dangerous delusion were a confidence in the men of our choice to silence our fears for the safety of our rights; that confidence is everywhere the parent of despotism; free government is founded in jealousy, and not in confidence; it is jealousy, and not confidence, which prescribes limited constitutions to bind down those whom we are obliged to trust with power; that our Constitution has accordingly fixed the limits to which, and no farther, our confidence may go; and let the honest advocate of confidence read the Alien and Sedition Acts, and say if the Constitution has not been wise in fixing limits to the government it created, and whether we should be wise in destroying those", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nadvocate of confidence read the Alien and Sedition Acts, and say if the Constitution has not been wise in fixing limits to the government it created, and whether we should be wise in destroying those limits", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nLet him say what the government is, if it be not a tyranny, which the men of our choice have conferred on the President, and the President of our choice has assented to and accepted, over the friendly strangers to whom the mild spirit of our country and its laws had pledged hospitality and protection; that the men of our choice have more respected the bare suspicions of the President than the solid rights of innocence, the claims of Justification, the sacred force of truth, and the forms and substance of law and justice.\"", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nEasy Out\nEscape From This Trap Is by Way of the Top\nMost people will welcome the State's cracking down on drunken drivers and liquor runners in Mecklenburg County. Without any derogation to County Recorder's Court, it may be said that the record of drunken driving cases tried there shows a surprisingly large proportion of acquittals.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nFurthermore, local courts have allowed themselves to be made easy dupes to the bootleg ring's scheme of regaining confiscated liquor cars. Hitherto it has been enough that somebody come forward and show proof of a recorded lien against the automobile. But the State is going to inquire into the validity of those liens. It suspects collusion.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nAfter all is said and done, however, no matter how stern the inferior courts may be with drunken drivers, there is always a way by which the guilty may escape punishment. That is by demanding a jury trial or appealing from a conviction--in short, by having the cases transferred to Superior Court.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nOnce docketed there, the odds are one-sided in favor of the drunken drivers. The cases may not be called for two or three years, by which time witnesses will have forgotten the circumstances or moved away and the whole business will have become cold potatoes.\nEven if the cases are called the defendants still have every chance of getting off scot-free. As in those twenty consecutive drunken driving actions examined by The News last year.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nOf those twenty alleged drunken drivers, fourteen had their cases nol-prossed. That left six. Two cases were remanded to the lower courts for judgment. That left four. Two defendants offered and were allowed to plead guilty to speeding or reckless driving, less offenses which entail no loss of driving licenses. That left two, and these two were tried by juries which in Mecklenburg are notoriously loathe to convict drunken drivers.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nAnd even if they be convicted and the law cracks down by sending them to jail, sometimes they just don't go. They just don't.\nGag Bill\nSabath Proposes Suspension Of the Bill of Rights\nThe most hysterical bill yet to come out of the Congress, with the exception of the one for the deportation of Harry Bridges, is H.R. 10289, sponsored by Representative Sabath of Illinois, chairman of the House Rules Committee. Among other things, it provides that:", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\n\"Whoever (a) engages in fifth-column activities or un-Americanism, or (b) willfully and deliberately, by spoken or written words, justifies or attempts to justify fifth-column activities or un-Americanism, or (c) plants, publishes, edits, issues, circulates, publicly displays, or possesses any book, paper, pamphlet, document, poster, or written or printed matter in any other form containing fifth-column activities..", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nAnd goes on to define \"fifth-column activities\" and \"un-Americanism\" as including:\n\"... inciting racial or religious prejudice, or aiding or comforting any foreign government to the injury or detriment of the United States, or stirring or promoting internal discord within the United States by causing others to commit acts injurious to the Government of the United States...\"", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThe bill is obviously aimed at the suppression of such Nazi propaganda agencies as the German Library of Information in New York, and such preachers of racial hatred as the Ku Klux Klan, the German-American Bund, Father Coughlin's Social Justice and Robert Rice Reynolds' Vindicator. But the cure promises to be worse than the disease.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThe provision about printing would probably end by making it impossible to get entirely legitimate matter before the public, since the only safe course for the printer would be to refuse to set up anything which anybody called \"un-American.\" So much follows inevitably from the broad language of the section defining the terms used. It would be quite possible under this law to suppress the bitterness of, say, Mr", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nBullitt, who has been implicitly charged with \"treason\" by United States Senators or to lock up anybody who reported Burt Wheeler, for the next twenty years.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nAnd the provision about possession goes off the deep end even more blindly. Under it, we ourselves, could be jailed immediately. For as we write, our desk has on it various propaganda works of the German Library of Information, the Communist handbook, etc.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThe whole measure is an outright repudiation of the First Amendment to the Constitution. Fifth Column activities need to be watched and curbed, of course. But we still decline to believe that the way to save Americanism is to begin by repudiating the rights which are the essence of all that is genuinely American.\nCaesar Neither Comes Nor Conquers, but Only Sees\nThe great offensive of Italy's cardboard Caesar against Greece has apparently collapsed as subtly as the promised offensive against Egypt.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nAs a matter of fact, and as we pointed out when the uproar began, it is improbable that he ever had in mind the actual invasion of Greece. What he was up to was an attempt to scare the little country out of its agreement with England and into handing over concessions in Corfu, which dominates the Adriatic, and perhaps in other Greek islands lying in the Aegean in the vicinity of the Dodecanese, the Italian-owned group off the coast of Turkey.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nBut all he seems to have achieved is the burning of his fingers. Russia's acting up in the case of Rumania was undoubtedly a warning that she will tolerate no edging toward the Dardanelles by even the most indirect methods. For eventually it meant that she was getting into position to sweep into Yugoslavia if necessary--a move which would paralyze Italy.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThat is not to say that Russia was out to play Britain's game--far from it. Merely, she is interested in saying that the Axis is not too powerful in the Balkans. Nevertheless, the move did inevitably serve Britain.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nMeantime, however, Britain also has been making life unhappy for the great brag pot. It quickly became apparent that she was prepared to take advantage of the slightest move on the part of Italy to seize Corfu on her own account. That would put the whole Adriatic coast of Italy in easy reach of British bombing planes and naval vessels.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nMore important still, the British were also quietly proving that the old cunning which distinguished Britishers like Lawrence of Arabia was still functioning--in lining up French Central Africa. The move flanks Libya. Far from taking the offensive anywhere, Signor Mussolini may find himself fighting to keep from being thrown entirely out of Africa before the Winter is over.\nBusted Scare\nThin Nazi Tales Leave a Senator Out on a Limb", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nSenator Bone, isolationist from Washington, who started out to charge the Administration with having deliberately planned to get the American Legion blown up by German mines in order to get us into war, has dropped the matter like a hot potato.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nThe Legion arrived safely in port, with passengers and crew laughing at the German claims. The measure of the truth of those claims is found in one, gravely put out over the radio from Berlin, that the ship had run out of fuel and food and had to be rescued from the mine fields by the U.S. Navy. In point of fact her refrigerators were heavily stocked when she docked, she had fuel enough for a return voyage to Europe, and the navy hadn't been near her.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\nIn view of such cock and bull, it is altogether reasonable to deduce from the fact that the commander of the ship reported that no mines were sighted, that no mines had been laid, and that the Germans were simply lying from start to finish. It seemed improbable all along that the Germans could have mined the area in question, for it is heavily guarded by the British Navy and air force.", "Saturday, August 31, 1940\n? Perhaps nothing more than to create a diversion and to set suckers like Bone to popping off with stuff designed to increase suspicion of Britain, sympathy for Germany in this country. But it is also possible that the story was intended to make the ship change her course and pass northward through British mine fields--in the hope that she would be blown up and so set off trouble between the United States and England. Or August's story that it was done to kidnap Princess Martha of Norway may be true."]
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http://www.italyonthisday.com/2016/01/earthquake-friuli-venezia-giulia-udine-rome.html
Friuli earthquake | Italy On This Day
["Friuli earthquake | Italy On This Day\nFirst of two disasters to rock Italy in the same year\nTolmezzo in Friuli Venezia Giulia was said to have\nbeen close to the epicentre of the 1348 earthquake\nA devastating earthquake hit the area now known as Friuli Venezia Giulia on this day in 1348.\nWith a seismic intensity believed to be the equivalent of 6.9 on the Richter scale, the effects of the quake were felt right across Europe.", "Friuli earthquake | Italy On This Day\nAccording to contemporary sources, houses and churches collapsed and there were numerous casualties. It was recorded that even as far away as Rome, buildings had been damaged.\nThe epicentre is believed to have been north of Udine to the east of the small towns of Tolmezzo, Venzone and Gemona.\nThe earthquake happened on 25 January early in the afternoon and its effects were immediately felt in Udine, where the castle and cathedral were both damaged.", "Friuli earthquake | Italy On This Day\nIn Austria the town of Villach was later hit by a landslide caused by the earthquake. Buildings in Carniola, part of present day Slovenia, and in Vicenza, Verona and Venice were also damaged.\nIt was recorded that the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome was damaged by the earthquake and an ancient tower nearby developed a permanent tilt. Aftershocks were felt in different parts of Italy for several weeks.", "Friuli earthquake | Italy On This Day\nLater in the same year, the Black Death, or bubonic plague, swept through Italy and was reported to have killed off large numbers of the populations of Florence, Venice, Pisa and Naples.\nThe Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome\nwas damaged by the earthquake\nAt the time the two disasters were believed to be connected and people interpreted them as Acts of God, sent to punish them for their sins and over indulgence.", "Friuli earthquake | Italy On This Day\nUdine, the main city in Friuli, is not far from Italy\u2019s border with Slovenia but has some distinct Venetian influences. In the principal square, Piazza della Libert\u00e0, there are beautiful 15th century Venetian-style buildings, such as the candy striped town hall, Loggia del Lionello and the clock tower, Torre dell\u2019Orologio, which resembles the one in Piazza San Marco in Venice.\nLook for hotels in Udine with Hotels.com or venere.com", "Friuli earthquake | Italy On This Day\nTolmezzo, to the north of Udine, is an historic town at the foot of a mountain. It had been a settlement even before it was taken over by the Romans but it did not become part of the Kingdom of Italy till 1866. There are interesting old streets to explore and the 18th century Duomo di San Martino contains 16th century art treasures. The town\u2019s Museo delle Arti e Tradizioni Popolari has a collection illustrating the life, traditions and early farming methods of the area."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,476
https://www.wrur.org/different-radio-music/2018-10-10/yo-yo-ma-presents-bach-as-a-wise-and-spellbinding-storyteller-in-six-evolutions
Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'
["Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nDifferent Radio Music\nYo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nFresh Air | By Lloyd Schwartz", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nThis is FRESH AIR. For most cellists, the holy grail of the cello repertoire is the set of six suites Bach composed for solo cello. The most beloved cellist of our time, Yo-Yo Ma, has just released his third recording of these pieces as he begins a 36-city world tour of marathon concerts in which he plays all six suites. Our classical music critic, Lloyd Schwartz, says that while each of Yo-Yo Ma's Bach recordings is worthy, Lloyd's favorite version may very well be this latest. Here's Lloyd's review.", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nLLOYD SCHWARTZ, BYLINE: Bach composed his six suites for solo cello during his early 30s, a fertile period that also produced his Brandenburg Concertos, his orchestral suites and the six sonatas and partitas for solo violin. It was a long time before the suites caught on as concert pieces. Perhaps the greatest cellist who ever lived, Pablo Casals, began studying them when he was 13. But it wasn't until 1936, when he was nearly 60, that he began making the very first recordings of the complete set.", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nYo-Yo Ma started learning the cello suites when he was 4. As a teenager, Casals became his musical hero. Ma made his first recording of the suites in 1985, when he was approaching 30, and won a Grammy as best instrumental soloist. In his 40s, he recorded them again, this time to accompany a series of videos called \"Inspired By Bach.\" One of the videos was with the champion ice dancers Torvill and Dean and included Ma himself playing the cello in Times Square", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nThe most inspired video was Ma's collaboration with choreographer Mark Morris, who turned the popular \"Suite No. 3\" into a dance called Falling Downstairs, which begins with the dancers racing down a flight of steps to the descending run of the opening prelude.", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nSCHWARTZ: Now that Yo-Yo Ma is in his early 60s, he has recorded Bach's cello suites again and promises that this will be the last time. The new album is called \"Six Evolutions.\" Like the solo violin partitas, the cello suites each consist of six dance movements, alternating joy and solemnity - six suites, six movements each. Numerologists can have a field day. Bach indicated no tempo markings, so the speed of each movement is left completely up to the performer.", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nMa has always conveyed the music's lilting songfulness more than Casals' ferocity. But in this latest evolution, Ma's cello has a more speaking quality than his previous versions. He presents Bach as a wise and quietly spellbinding storyteller.\n(SOUNDBITE OF YO-YO MA PERFORMANCE OF BACH'S \"UNACCOMPANIED CELLO SUITE NO. 1 IN G MAJOR\")", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nSCHWARTZ: Yo-Yo Ma gives each suite a title, \"Nature At Play,\" \"Journey To Light,\" \"Celebration,\" \"Building,\" \"Struggle For Hope,\" and, finally, \"Epiphany.\" These titles underline the way each suite tells its own story, how each one finds its own way to balance dancing and lamentation", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nBut then each one becomes a chapter in a bigger story, how all the suites taken together, in larger and larger patterns of light and darkness, gather all of us up - the composer, the performer and even the listener - into a vast process of soul-searching and discovery.", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nGROSS: Lloyd Schwartz is the Frederick S. Troy Professor of English at the University of Massachusetts Boston. His most recent book of poems is called \"Little Kisses.\" He reviewed Yo-Yo Ma's new recording of Bach's six cello suites called \"Six Evolutions.\"", "Yo-Yo Ma Presents Bach As A Wise And Spellbinding Storyteller In 'Six Evolutions'\nGROSS: Tomorrow on FRESH AIR, my guest will be Vanessa Grigoriadis, author of \"Blurred Lines: Rethinking Sex, Power, And Consent On Campus.\" We'll talk about how colleges are dealing with the issue of sexual assault, how to define it, and how to decide who to believe when accusations are made. I hope you'll join us. FRESH AIR's executive producer is Danny Miller. Our technical director and engineer is Audrey Bentham. Our associate producer for digital media is Molly Seavy-Nesper"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,479
https://www.capritime.com/en/a/naples-2
Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime
["Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nDiscover the vibrant city of Naples with Capritime, rich in hidden treasures, authentic neighborhoods, breathtaking art and architecture, unforgettable food, and the warmest people in Italy.\nThe historical center: excavation of the Cathedral of Naples, excavation of S.Lorenzo Maggiore, Napoli Sotterranea.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nThis interesting tour shows the hidden city, offering an unusual view its rich history. Naples is an island floating on the hollow space of underground cavities. The town was built on a large stratum of tufa rock. Artificial caves were added to the natural ones since the early years of the city foundation. Greeks and Romans used the subsoil as a parallel city, opening aqueducts, catacombs, warehouses", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nThe tufa has been until recent times the main building material and many quarries have been opened just underneath the town. Moreover, through ages Naples has developed in a strange way, growing layer by layer on a vertical line, the modern levels added on the oldest ones.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nOur walk starts from the excavation of the Cathedral of Naples where archeological remains from the Greek-Roman period have been found in the underground area.\nThe tour will also feature the nearby excavation of S. Lorenzo Maggiore, underneath a gothic Angevin church. You will experience a walk through an area of the Greek-Roman Naples: a Roman street with ruins of shops, homes, and public buildings.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nYou will continue the tour to \"Napoli Sotterranea\", with several paths and grottoes excavated 30 meters below one of the oldest squares of the city, used for the water supply system of the ancient city. The aqueduct, closed at the end of the 19th century, has been used during World War II as a refuge. (Napoli Sotterranea is not recommended for people suffering from claustrophobia.)\nBetween Belief and Magic\nThe historical center: Cappella Sansevero, Via S.Gregorio Armeno, Duomo, Church of the Ges\u00f9 Nuovo.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nNaples is known as a mysterious and superstitious town, with a history which blends truth and imagination. This tour, right in the heart of the historical center, will let you discover some of the mysteries and legends of Naples.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nWe will visit the Sansevero Chapel, temple of Masonic symbolism and esoterism. Surrounded by the 18th century marble masterpieces, such as the \"Veiled Christ\", you will learn the history of Prince Raimondo di Sangro, an alchemist and inventor who created two replicas of the human circulatory system, that can be seen beneath the Chapel.\nThe tour will continue along the famous lane of San Gregorio Armeno, where the best artisans of terracotta Nativity scenes will show you their skills.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nWe shall then visit the Duomo, the main church of the city, hosting one of the masterpieces of Neapolitan Baroque: the chapel of the Patron Saint of Naples, San Gennaro. Here twice a year, the coagulated blood of the Saint liquefies. Faith or superstition?", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nOur walk continues along \"Spaccanapoli\", the main thoroughfare of the ancient Greek-Roman city. We shall end the tour with a visit to the Church of Ges\u00f9 Nuovo, a beautiful example of Neapolitan baroque. The local sense of religion is shown by the reliquaries and ex-voto offerings displayed all over the church.\nThe Treasures of Napoli\nThe historical center: Monastery of Santa Chiara, San Carlo Theatre, and Royal Palace", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nSanta Chiara was where the kingdom's assemblies where held, as well as many official ceremonies. Its lovely cloister, with 18th century hand-painted majolica tiles, is a peaceful area in the middle of the city. The \"Museo dell'Opera\", recently opened inside the walls of the monastery, houses objects and decorative ornaments from Santa Chiara. In the section devoted to archaeology, you can see the ruins of a Roman bathhouse that extend outside the museum.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nThe tour will continue through the very heart of the city center, with a visit to the San Carlo Theatre, the first opera house in Europe, built in 1737 during the kingdom of Charles of Bourbon. San Carlo is known for its magnificent architecture and excellent productions; the focal point of its auditorium, with six tiers of boxes, is the Royal Box, decorated by the crown of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nNext to the opera house we shall enter the Royal Palace of Naples, which has been for almost three centuries the official residence of the kings of Naples, until the unification of Italy. Its beautiful facade, which looks on the main square of Naples - Piazza del Plebiscito - embodies the statues of the most famous kings of the many dynasties which ruled upon the city and Southern Italy. In the Palace we will visit the Royal Apartment, with furniture pieces, household furnishings and paintings", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nThe visit to the theatre might not be included as it is not currently open to the public. We will try to ensure a private viewing.\nThe Treasures of the Church\nThe historic center: Spaccanapoli, S.Chiara, S. Savero, the Duomo, the S.Martino charterhouse.\nNaples as a capital city played an important role in the history of southern Italy. As with most capitals, Naples was home to many coexisting religious orders which left an incredible artistic patrimony to the city.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nOur visit will start from the Monastery of Santa Chiara, the sacred place that Neapolitan aristocracy preferred for the religious retreat of the noble ladies. Its history is the history of an exclusive monastery and, at the same time, a witness of the women's standings in the aristocratic world. Its lovely cloister, with 18th century hand-painted majolica tiles, is a peaceful area in the middle of the city", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nThe \"Museo dell'Opera\", recently opened inside the walls of the monastery, houses objects and decorative ornaments from the monastery. In the section devoted to archaeology, you can see the ruins of a Roman bathhouse that extend outside the museum.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nYou will proceed on foot through Spaccanapoli, to the Sansevero Chapel, temple of Masonic symbolism and esoterism. Surrounded by the 18th century marble masterpieces, such as the \"Veiled Christ\", you will learn the history of Prince Raimondo di Sangro, an alchemist and inventor who created two replicas of the human circulatory system, that can be seen beneath the Chapel.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nWe shall then visit the Duomo, the main church of the city, hosting one of the masterpieces of Neapolitan Baroque: the chapel of the Patron Saint of Naples, San Gennaro. Here twice a year, the coagulated blood of the Saint liquefies.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nAfter lunch you will explore the unique Charterhouse of S.Martino. The Chartusian Monastery, beautifully located on the edge of the Vomero hill, with its splendid structure and works of art is the witness of the way rich monks lived. Opulence and prosperity were the philosophy of this important religious order: to be accepted in the monastery it was necessary to bring a rich dowry!\nCaravaggio and the Farnese Collection in the Capodimonte Royal Palace", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nThe historic center: S.Domenico Maggiore, The Pio Monte della Misericordia, and Capodimonte\nNaples is a vibrant city that has always inspired artists and painters, including Caravaggio. In 1606, during a furious brawl over a disputed score in a game of tennis, Caravaggio killed a man in Rome. Afraid to face the consequences of this murder, Caravaggio fled Rome for Naples, where he painted one of his masterpieces, \" The Seven Acts of Mercy\" for the Pio Monte della Misericordia.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nDuring this visit Caravaggio also painted \" The Flagellation\" for the de Franchis family, an altarpiece to hang in the family chapel in the Church of S.Domenico Maggiore where it stayed until 1972 when it was transferred to the Capodimonte Art Gallery.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nYou will visit Church of S.Domenico Maggiore in the morning, where there is a copy of the Caravaggio's flagellation, and walk along the street which gave inspiration to the painter to The Pio Monte della Misericordia in order to see the \"Seven Acts of Mercy\".", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nAfter lunch, we will visit the Art Gallery of Capodimonte, once a royal palace but now home to the excellent \"Farnese Collection\", with paintings by Raphael, Titian, Botticelli, Masaccio, Giovanni Bellini, El Greco, and of course Caravaggio's \"Flagellation\".\nThe Two Faces of Caserta\nRoyal Palace of Caserta, Caserta Vecchia, and S.Leucio", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nThere is no better place than Caserta to experience the life at the Court of the Bourbons during the 18th and 19th centuries. Built in 1752 by King Charles of Bourbon in order to compete with the French Versailles, the Royal Palace of Caserta, with its 1,200 rooms and a park of 120 hectares, is one of the most imposing Royal Palaces of Europe.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nYou will walk through the rooms where the Bourbon Kings and Queens walked, gave public audiences, received Ambassadors and Prime Ministers, listened music and had amorous adventures.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nAfter the visit of the Palace you will enjoy the park, with its romantic fountains and English gardens, a real reserve of majestic trees and rare plants, where the first camellia plant appeared in Europe was grown. The garden is a typical example of an 18th century fashionable style in the European courts: walks, brooks, thickets, statues and artificial ruins.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nYou will than proceed to Caserta Vecchia, a picturesque medieval village for lunch, and in the afternoon, you will experience the Royal Silk Manufacture of S.Leucio.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nJust a few kilometers from the Royal Palace, Ferdinand IV of Bourbon established the S.Leucio colony, where 214 workers lived organized upon the concept of absolute equality. Considered in political terms a model of open and progressive industrial organization it was an isolated experiment in the context of Bourbon society. The sovereigns often came to S.Leucio to control the silk processing and to enjoy a period of rest.", "Explore the Hidden Treasures of Naples with Capritime\nYou will visit the area with looms to see how silk was made as well as the residential part of the complex.\nPompeii and Vesuvius\nAmalfi Coast and Paestum"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,481
https://berkshirehistory.com/kids/kendrick_oracle.html
John Kendrick and the Oracle
["John Kendrick and the Oracle\nKendrick foresaw his Charity for the Poor\nMinster Street is named after St. Mary's Church. It was a Saxon Minster.\nThere was a stone preaching cross called 'Gerrard's Cross' for the grey friars to use somewhere in the street.\nIn Tudor times, there were lots of smelly tanneries (leather making works) down by the river there.\nThere was a famous pub there called the Cardinal's Hat:", "John Kendrick and the Oracle\nThe dangerous document, Aske's Manifesto, first started to spread round the town when Sir William Essex's servant brought a copy there.\nPuritan Palmer was arrested there.\nLater, John Kendrick was born over his family's cloth shop in this street.\nHe grew up in the town and attended the Reading School in the old Abbey guesthouse. Then he went to Oxford University.\nHis father died when he was a teenager. He took over the business. He employed several hundred people weaving on 104 looms.", "John Kendrick and the Oracle\nBut this wasn\u2019t enough. John wanted to hit the big time. He moved to London where he became very very rich exporting cloth to the Netherlands.\nWhen he died in 1624, he left lots of money in his will to enable the people of Reading and Newbury to help the poor get work.\nIn Reading, they built a workhouse called the \u2018Oracle\u2019 on the site of John\u2019s old house. It was not like horrible Victorian workhouses. It was a nice place for poor people to live and learn a trade, so they could support themselves.", "John Kendrick and the Oracle\nWilliam\u2019s family were greedy and took most of the money needed for the \u2018Oracle\u2019. So, in 1849, it was closed.\nWhat was left of the money was used to set up the Kendrick Boys\u2019 School (now part of Reading School) and the Kendrick Girls\u2019 School."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,471
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2012/08/31/2012-21550/environmental-management-site-specific-advisory-board-idaho-national-laboratory
Federal Register :: Request Access
["Federal Register :: Request Access\nEnvironmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board, Idaho National Laboratory\nA Notice by the Energy Department on 08/31/2012\nThursday, September 20, 2012, 8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.\nNotice of open meeting.\nThis notice announces a meeting of the Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board (EM SSAB), Idaho National Laboratory. The Federal Advisory Committee Act (Pub. L. 92-463, 86 Stat. 770) requires that public notice of this meeting be announced in the Federal Register.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nOpportunities for public participation will be from 11:00 a.m. to 11:15 a.m. and from 3:15 p.m. to 3:45 p.m.\nThese times are subject to change; please contact the Federal Coordinator (below) for confirmation of times prior to the meeting.\nSun Valley Inn, 1 Sun Valley Road, Sun Valley, Idaho 83402.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nRobert L. Pence, Federal Coordinator, Department of Energy, Idaho Operations Office, 1955 Fremont Avenue, MS-1203, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415. Phone (208) 526-6518; Fax (208) 526-8789 or email: [email protected] or visit the Board's Internet home page at: http://inlcab.energy.gov/.\nPurpose of the Board: The purpose of the Board is to make recommendations to DOE-EM and site management in the areas of environmental restoration, waste management, and related activities.", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nTentative Topics (agenda topics may change up to the day of the meeting; please contact Robert L. Pence for the most current agenda):\nRecent Public Involvement and Outreach\nProgress to Cleanup Status\nIntegrated Waste Treatment Unit Investigation Report and Corrective Actions\nIdaho Treatment Group Recovery Plan/Projected Performance Status\nSmall Business Subcontracting Programs\u2014INL Contractors & DOE-Idaho\nAccelerated Retrieval Project Status\u2014Projected Execution", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nPublic Participation: The EM SSAB, Idaho National Laboratory, welcomes the attendance of the public at its advisory committee meetings and will make every effort to accommodate persons with physical disabilities or special needs. If you require special accommodations due to a disability, please contact Robert L. Pence at least seven days in advance of the meeting at the phone number listed above. Written statements may be filed with the Board either before or after the meeting", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nIndividuals who wish to make oral presentations pertaining to agenda items should contact Robert L. Pence at the address or telephone number listed above. The request must be received five days prior to the meeting and reasonable provision will be made to include the presentation in the agenda. The Deputy Designated Federal Officer is empowered to conduct the meeting in a fashion that will facilitate the orderly conduct of business", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nMinutes: Minutes will be available by writing or calling Robert L. Pence, Federal Coordinator, at the address and phone number listed above. Minutes will also be available at the following Web site: http://inlcab.energy.gov/pages/meetings.php.\nIssued at Washington, DC, on August 27, 2012.\nLaTanya R. Butler,\nActing Deputy Committee Management Officer."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,472
https://www.luc.edu/bereavementnotice/2014/julianabraham.shtml
2014: Campus Ministry: Loyola University Chicago
["2014: Campus Ministry: Loyola University Chicago\nJulian Abraham\nThe Loyola University Chicago community mourns the death of Julian Abraham, a social work alum and a social worker at the Loyola University Medical Center for more than 20 years. Mr. Abraham passed away on March 18.\nSmith-Corcoran Funeral Home (6150 N. Cicero, Chicago)\nQueen of All Saints Basilica (6280 N. Sauganash, Chicago)", "2014: Campus Ministry: Loyola University Chicago\nCondolences may be sent to the Family of Julian Abraham, c/o School of Social Work, Lewis Towers, 12th Floor, WTC. Donations can be made to the Loyola University Chicago School of Social Work."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
12,207,012
http://uu.edu/athletics/info/newsreleases/release.cfm?ID=1244
Union women's soccer falls in overtime heartbreaker | Athletics News Release | Union University, a Christian College in Tennessee
["Union women's soccer falls in overtime heartbreaker | Athletics News Release | Union University, a Christian College in Tennessee\nUnion women's soccer falls in overtime heartbreaker\nJACKSON, Tenn. - 9/16/2008 - The Union University women's soccer team held the Delta State (Miss.) University Lady Statesmen scoreless for 95 minutes of play, before allowing a goal that ending the match in a 1-0 overtime loss. Union dropped to 5-2 on the season, while Delta State improved to 4-2-1 overall.", "Union women's soccer falls in overtime heartbreaker | Athletics News Release | Union University, a Christian College in Tennessee\nJaz Yacaman of Delta State posted the game-winning goal in the 95th minute of play to earn her team the win. Delta State out-shot Union 12-5 in the match, but Union's goalie and defending TranSouth Defensive Player of the Week held strong with seven saves. Up next for Union will be a road conference match at Lyon College in Batesville, Ark. on Saturday, September 20."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
12,207,014
http://skeptoid.com/episodes/4106
King Tut's Curse!
["King Tut's Curse!\nKing Tut's Curse! A look at the tale, the popular explanation, and the real science behind it. by Brian Dunning\nFiled under Ancient Mysteries, Paranormal, Urban Legends\nSkeptoid #106\nPodcast transcript | Listen | Subscribe\nBy Brian Dunning, Skeptoid Podcast\nEpisode 106, June 24, 2008\nhttp://skeptoid.com/episodes/4106 King Tut\n(Photo credit: Wikimedia)", "King Tut's Curse!\nWe've all heard the story of the mummy's curse, and we've all heard the popular explanation \u2014 but you may not know the numbers behind the story. Today we're going to point our skeptical eye at King Tut's curse, and find out exactly how the story goes, explore the scientific-sounding explanation proposed by the media, and finally, we're going to look at what really happened.", "King Tut's Curse!\nIn 1922 Howard Carter was exploring the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, with his friend and financial backer George Herbert, the 5th Earl of Carnarvon. After a 15 year search, they opened the fabulous tomb of King Tutankhamun, the most spectacular tomb found to date, and now known as KV62. Carter poked a hole through the seal and peered inside, and when Lord Carnarvon asked if he could see anything, Carter famously replied \"Yes, wonderful things.\"", "King Tut's Curse!\nBut things got less wonderful rather quickly, so the story goes. Front and center in the antechamber was a clay tablet, deciphered by one of Carter's colleagues, that read:\nDeath will slay with his wings whoever disturbs the peace of the pharaoh.", "King Tut's Curse!\nNone of them seemed too concerned about Death's wings, because the archaeologists immediately proceeded to apply their early 20th century archaeological ignorance to King Tut and his goodies. Items were collected and broken, and even King Tut's mummy itself was said to have been chopped into pieces and set out in the sun where it quickly deteriorated", "King Tut's Curse!\nAccording to legend, Lord Carnarvon soon died from a mosquito bite; and simultaneously, his three-legged dog howled and dropped dead, and all the lights in the city of Cairo suddenly went out.", "King Tut's Curse!\nAnd then others of Carter's party began to die of mysterious causes. In fact, more than two dozen men were said to have fallen to the curse. Carter himself, it appears, had to suffer the fate of watching all his friends and associates drop off like flies all around him. Even his beloved pet canary was killed by a cobra in a freak incident. The newspapers trumpeted the terrors of the mummy's curse to all the world", "King Tut's Curse!\nFirst, the accounts of the curse all come from 1920's-era newspapers, well known for sensationalism and expansion of facts to make great headlines. Reliable records of what happened to Carter's people after they left the dig are hard to come by. References to the simultaneous death of dogs, the canary, and the lights going out in Cairo are found only in these unreliable newspaper reports and so can be considered anecdotal at best.", "King Tut's Curse!\nSecond, Lord Carnarvon was known to be in pretty frail health at the time, and infection was a common cause of death. He had aggravated the mosquito bite on his cheek while shaving, and developed erysipelas resulting in septicemia and pneumonia. There was no curse needed to explain the dangers of these conditions.", "King Tut's Curse!\nThird, the explanation that the curse's effect on Carter himself was to leave him alive and well while others died is clearly a post-hoc rationalization. Sure, I suppose it's possible that Carter's long healthy life could be evidence of a curse, but the lack of an effective curse is probably a better explanation for it.", "King Tut's Curse!\nFourth, and this goes back again to the pulp-fiction nature of the newspapers of the era, is the inconsistencies among various versions of the tale, notably the alleged stone tablet bearing the curse. It should be noted that there is no record of any written curse, either in Carter's own documents or in any modern collections; at least not associated with Tutankhamun's tomb specifically", "King Tut's Curse!\nAnother post-hoc rationalization exists to explain the absence of a written record: It was expunged to avoid frightening the locals. Again, a better explanation is that such a written curse did not exist.", "King Tut's Curse!\nOne of the first people to present a serious scientific explanation for the deaths associated with King Tut's curse was Dr. Caroline Stenger-Phillip, who proposed in 1986 that ancient mold in the tomb could have caused potentially fatal allergic reactions. Since fruits and vegetables and other organic items were buried in tombs, and since the tombs were completely hermetically sealed, it is plausible that mold spores could have existed and remained viable through the millennia.", "King Tut's Curse!\nThis proposal has become known as \"tomb toxins\", and has been broadened to include other compounds, such as two molds that are found on ancient mummies, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, and that can be potentially harmful to people with weakened immune systems. Bacteria are also found in tombs, including Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. And don't forget the chemicals used in embalming the mummies: ammonia, formaldehyde, and hydrogen sulfide", "King Tut's Curse!\nTomb toxins do sound like a plausible explanation for the mummy's curse. Most of us have heard this explanation at one time or another and thought \"Ah, that explains it quite neatly.\"", "King Tut's Curse!\nBut unfortunately, tomb toxins do not explain the deaths from Carter's group very well at all. Even in the unlikely event that members of Carter's party received lethal doses of any or all of the above, such death would have followed quite quickly; it wouldn't have been delayed by the months or years reported among the victims of King Tut's curse. Even Lord Carnarvon's death, the one most closely associated with the curse, occurred six months after he entered the tomb.", "King Tut's Curse!\nAnother problem with the tomb toxin explanation is that it sounds good to a layperson, but it is, in fact, armchair science. It's a reasonably plausible idea, but one that has never actually happened in the real world. National Geographic is among those who have delved into this subject in detail, and found that working Egyptologists are not concerned about the possibility of tomb toxins", "King Tut's Curse!\nThey've never heard of any colleagues suffering from it; thousands of tourists go in and out of the tombs every day with no ill effects, and even when Egyptologists do wear masks during excavations it's because of dust, not tomb toxins. F. DeWolfe Miller, professor of epidemiology at the University of Hawaii said \"Given the sanitary conditions of the time in general, and those within Egypt in particular, Lord Carnarvon would likely have been safer inside the tomb than outside.\"", "King Tut's Curse!\nSo we have two things at this point in our investigation: First, really weak and primarily anecdotal evidence that anything unusual happened; and second, a hypothesized cause that turns out to be quite a poor fit for the observed data. King Tut's curse is beginning to look about as withered up as he looks himself."]
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{"partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "skeptoid.com", "date_download": "2014-09-15T02:00:48Z", "digest": "sha1:K5MOJJD6M23FGKLNE5OENLYB7OKSDNB4", "quality_signals": "{\"ccnet_length\": [[0, 7029, 7029.0]], \"ccnet_original_length\": [[0, 7029, 7064.0]], \"ccnet_nlines\": [[0, 7029, 24.0]], \"ccnet_original_nlines\": [[0, 7029, 25.0]], \"ccnet_language_score\": [[0, 7029, 0.98]], \"ccnet_perplexity\": [[0, 7029, 242.0]], \"ccnet_bucket\": [[0, 7029, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_curly_bracket\": [[0, 7029, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_ldnoobw_words\": [[0, 7029, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_lorem_ipsum\": [[0, 7029, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_stop_word_fraction\": [[0, 7029, 0.44852412]], \"rps_doc_ut1_blacklist\": [[0, 7029, null]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams\": [[0, 7029, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams\": [[0, 7029, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams\": [[0, 7029, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams\": [[0, 7029, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams\": [[0, 7029, 0.0]], 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4244, 0.0], [4244, 4727, 0.0], [4727, 5365, 0.0], [5365, 5839, 0.0], [5839, 6714, 0.0], [6714, 7029, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction\": [[0, 112, 0.05357143], [112, 169, 0.10526316], [169, 183, 0.07142857], [183, 223, 0.075], [223, 258, 0.14285714], [258, 285, 0.07407407], [285, 328, 0.04651163], [328, 354, 0.07692308], [354, 731, 0.01061008], [731, 1181, 0.04444444], [1181, 1354, 0.01734104], [1354, 1428, 0.01351351], [1428, 1975, 0.02010969], [1975, 2493, 0.01351351], [2493, 2575, 0.01219512], [2575, 3010, 0.01149425], [3010, 3326, 0.01582278], [3326, 3648, 0.01552795], [3648, 4244, 0.01174497], [4244, 4727, 0.01656315], [4727, 5365, 0.01567398], [5365, 5839, 0.01898734], [5839, 6714, 0.01942857], [6714, 7029, 0.01269841]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 7029, 0.96230376]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 7029, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 7029, 0.58587557]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 7029, 145.0011695]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": 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RedPajama-Data-V2
12,207,017
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/earthmag/planetmg.htm
Planetary Magnetism
["Planetary Magnetism\nQuest. & Ans.\nCentral link\n17. Planetary Magnetism [an error occurred while processing this directive]\n8. Oersted & Amp\u00e9re\n9. The Lodestone\n10. Gauss\n11. The Magnetic Sun\n12. Fluid Dynamos\n13. Dynamo in the\nEarth's Core\n14. Magnetometers and\n15. Magnetic Reversals & Moving Continents\n16. The Magnetosphere\n17. Magnetic Planets", "Planetary Magnetism\nUntil the middle of the 20th century the Earth's magnetism seemed to be a happy accident of nature. Too many factors had to fit just right--the fluid core of the Earth, its electrical condctivity and its motions, all had to satisfy the strict requirements of dynamo theory. That was before other planets in the solar system were visited and examined. Now we know that among those planets, only Venus lacks any magnetism. The planets differ greatly in size and properties, and their fields differ too", "Planetary Magnetism\nYet they all seem to have dynamo fields, or (in the case of Mars and the Moon) have had them in the past. Jupiter(bigger version)", "Planetary Magnetism\nIn early 1955, two young radio-astronomers started working with a cross-shaped antenna array of the Carnegie Institution's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM). The array stood on the north shore of the Potomac River (upstream from Washington, DC and slightly south of White's Ferry; more here) and could select signals from a narrow range of directions. Ken Franklin and Bernie Burke calibrated it using a known source, the Crab Nebula, then began surveying the surrounding sky", "Planetary Magnetism\n? Standing next to the array at night, Bernie noted a star overhead and asked Ken \"what is that bright thing up there?\" It was Jupiter, and that's where the signal came from. In publishing their result, the astronomers speculated \"the cause of this radiation is not known but is likely to be due to electrical disturbances in Jupiter's atmosphere.\" The discovery is now commemorated by a historical marker at the site (image on the left).", "Planetary Magnetism\nIn 1959, after the Earth's radiation belt had been discovered, Frank Drake observed Jupiter and concluded from the relative intensities in a range of wavelengths that the signal was probably emitted by electrons trapped in a strong magnetic field. Then in 1973 the space probe Pioneer 10 passed by Jupiter and found there, sure enough, an enormous planetary magnetic field and a very intense radiation belt.", "Planetary Magnetism\nIf the fields of Earth and Jupiter were both approximately represented by bar magnets at the planet's center, then Jupiter's magnet would be about 20,000 times stronger. Jupiter's magnetic axis, like the Earth, is slightly offset from the rotation axis, but while Jupiter and Earth (and other planets) spin in the same sense, the magnetic polarity of Jupiter is the opposite of Earth's. What produces that field is still unclear", "Planetary Magnetism\nNo one knows what Jupiter's core consists of, but by one widely held theory, it is hydrogen, compressed by the huge weight of the planet's outer layers to the point at which it becomes a metal and conducts electricity. The strange radio signals observed by Franklin and Burke came from Jupiter's radiation belt, the most intense one in the solar system--so intense that after just one pass through it, Pioneer 10 suffered some (minor) radiation damage", "Planetary Magnetism\nAlong with its radiation belt, Jupiter also has auroras, observed from Earth by the orbiting Hubble telescope. Jupiter auroras (bigger version)", "Planetary Magnetism\nJupiter's magnetic field produces some interesting interactions with the planet's larger moons (which are bigger than ours). Io, the innermost large moon, is heated by its tides, a bizzare world with active sulphur volcanoes and a thin atmosphere. Its ionosphere and/or body conduct electricity, and the relative motion between Io and Jupiter's magnetosphere creates a dynamo circuit, which produces large currents flowing between them.", "Planetary Magnetism\nThe space probe Voyager 1 passed close to those currents on March 5, 1979, and observed their magnetic fields. Those fields also affect Jupiter's radio emissions and cause the \"signal\" which they beam to Earth to rise and fall, depending on the position of Io. More recent observations by the Galileo space probe also suggest that the moon Ganymede has its own magnetic field", "Planetary Magnetism\nJupiter's magnetosphere at these distances rotates with the planet, and as it moves past Ganymede, that moon apparently carves out it it its own small magnetosphere. Other Planets", "Planetary Magnetism\nAll four giant planets--Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune--were visited by Voyager 2. (The first two were also visited by Pioneer 10 and 11 and by Voyager 1, and the probe Ulysses flew by Jupiter, while the probe Galileo is currently in orbit around it.) All four have magnetic fields much stronger than the Earth's, in the sense defined above for Jupiter. Saturn's magnetic axis, remarkably, seems to be exactly lined up with its rotation axis, within the accuracy of observations", "Planetary Magnetism\nThe magnetic axes of Uranus and Neptune, on the other hand, are inclined by about 60\u00b0 to their rotation axes. The shape and properties of a planetary magnetosphere depends on the angle between the flow of the solar wind (i.e. the direction from the Sun) and the magnetic axis, and for those two planets, that angle is rapidly changing all the time. As a result, their magnetospheres undergo wild variations during each rotation, although both manage to contain trapped particles", "Planetary Magnetism\nThe origin of all those field is unknown: Saturn is big enough to produce metallic hydrogen in its core, but Uranus and Neptune are not. The planet Venus was visited by Mariner 10 in 1974, which continued from there to Mercury. Venus was found to be unmagnetized: the solar wind is only stopped by its upper atmosphere, the ionosphere, creating a completely different type of magnetosphere, more like a comet's tail", "Planetary Magnetism\nOn the other hand, tiny Mercury--an airless rock only moderately bigger than our Moon, rotating very slowly--surprised observers by being magnetized. Its magnetic field is weak and probably does not extend far enough to trap many particles, but as the spacecraft passed through its nightside tail, it observed a sudden spasm in which particles were apparently energized. To learn more about all this, NASA has scheduled the \"Messenger\" mission to fly to Mercury and orbit it", "Planetary Magnetism\nMercury may actually have a molten core, and thus perhaps its field may be due to a dynamo effect, like Earth's. Mercury is slightly deformed like the Earth's Moon, but whereas our Moon's rotation period equals its orbital period, Mercury is locked into a more complex pattern--3 rotations each 2 orbits. Because Mercury's orbit is slightly elliptical, it also undergoes librations, causing the Sun to pull its elongated part", "Planetary Magnetism\nThe librations differ whether the core is molten or not--if it is, the Sun's periodic pull is not transmitted so well to it and it rotates more smoothly. According to an article by Jean-Luc Margot et al., Science 316 , p. 710, 2007 (reported by Johanna Miller in \"Physics Today\", July 2007, p. 22-4), this seems to be the case \"with 90-95% certainty.\" The Messenger mission is expected to make the case more definite", "Planetary Magnetism\nMars and the Moon have permanently magnetized patches of rock on their surfaces, suggesting that even if they now lack a dynamo field, at some time in the past they possessed one. That would agree with the giant volcanoes (apparently extinct) observed on Mars, which suggest a hot interior. Magnetization of Mars: red in one direction, blue in the opposite one. For more details, see Astronomy Picture of the Day, 4 May 1999", "Planetary Magnetism\nThe magnetized patches on that planet, first observed by the Mars Global Surveyor, are particularly intriguing because they seem to form strips, reminding researchers of the magnetized strips observed on the sea bottom on Earth, from which the idea of plate tectonics emerged. Magnetic observations on Mars, however, are not yet detailed enough to allow any firm conclusions to be drawn. Planetary magnetic fields thus seem to be the rule, not the exception, at least in our solar system", "Planetary Magnetism\nAbout a thousand years have passed since the discovery of the magnetic compass gave the first hint of such fields. As their study enters its second millennium, it faces more unanswered questions than ever before. Questions from Users:", "Planetary Magnetism\nWhat would a Compass on the Moon point to? *** Does our magnetic field stop the atmosphere from getting blown away?\nBack to the Master List\nAuthor and Curator: Dr. David P. Stern\nMail to Dr.Stern: earthmag(\"at\" symbol)phy6.org\nLast updated 26 August 2007"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
12,207,019
http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/28/health/oklahoma-dental-warning/index.html?hpt=hp_t2
7,000 warned of potential HIV, hepatitis exposure | CNN
["7,000 warned of potential HIV, hepatitis exposure | CNN\n7,000 warned of potential HIV, hepatitis exposure\nupdated 7:02 PM EDT, Thu March 28, 2013\nThose who visited a Tulsa, Oklahoma, dentist since 2007 may have been exposed\nAn investigation into the dental practice showed numerous violations\nThe Tulsa Health Department is offering free testing for hepatitis and HIV\nHealth department: \"Transmission in this type of occupational setting is rare\"", "7,000 warned of potential HIV, hepatitis exposure | CNN\n(CNN) -- Some 7,000 patients of a Tulsa, Oklahoma, dental practice were being notified they could have been exposed to HIV and hepatitis over the past six years, health authorities said Thursday.\nDentist W. Scott Harrington voluntarily stopped practicing when the joint investigation by the Tulsa Health Department and the Oklahoma State Department of Health began, the Tulsa agency said in a statement. \"The dentist is cooperating with investigators through his attorney,\" the department said.", "7,000 warned of potential HIV, hepatitis exposure | CNN\nAccording to the State Board of Dentistry, the investigation into Harrington's practice found \"numerous violations of health and safety laws and major violations of the State Dental Act,\" the health department said.\nWhile the statement did not elaborate, the department said investigators with the state dental board \"have been assisted by agents from the Oklahoma Bureau of Narcotics and the United States Drug Enforcement Administration concerning the maintenance, control and use of drugs on the premises.\"", "7,000 warned of potential HIV, hepatitis exposure | CNN\nThe investigation, it said, is \"multifaceted and ongoing.\"\nPatients who have seen Harrington since 2007 will be notified by letter. It is recommended they be tested for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV, the health department said. Harrington worked in the Tulsa suburb of Owasso.\n\"Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV are serious medical conditions, and infected patients may not have outward symptoms of the disease for many years,\" the health department said.", "7,000 warned of potential HIV, hepatitis exposure | CNN\n\"As a precaution, and in order to take appropriate steps to protect their health, it is important for these patients to get tested. It should be noted that transmission in this type of occupational setting is rare.\"\nCallers to Harrington's office heard a recording stating the office was currently closed. CNN spoke to an emergency page representative, who said she believed the closure was temporary.\nThe page representative said Harrington was not available unless a caller had a dental emergency.", "7,000 warned of potential HIV, hepatitis exposure | CNN\nPatient information is available only from the past seven years, the department said. Those who saw Harrington before 2007 may not receive a letter.\nTesting will be done free of charge at the health department starting Saturday and resuming on Monday, the statement said. A hotline has been set up for people with questions about the notifications.\nPolice: Doctor killed 7 to free up beds\nCNN's Joe Sutton contributed to this report."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,491
https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/textonly/WH/glimpse/art/html/presart14.html
Art for the President's House XIV
["Art for the President's House XIV\nEven as late as the 1940s and 1950s a historical perspective still guided collecting at the White House. Harry Truman, a devoted student of American history, proclaimed, \"There is really not anything new if you know what has gone before.\" Truman was fascinated by the White House and its former inhabitants", "Art for the President's House XIV\nWith the construction on the south front of the second-floor balcony that came to be called the Truman balcony, he made the first major change in the main block of the building since the Jacksonian period. Even more dramatic was the total renovation of the White House undertaken during his term. For more than three years, beginning late in 1948, the Trumans lived in Blair House while the aged, dangerously shaky house was gutted to its stone shell and rebuilt", "Art for the President's House XIV\nDuring Harry Truman's Presidency the historical emphasis of the collection was maintained. In 1947 the White House acquired George Healy's painting The Peacemakers (shown at left). It depicts the conclusion of the Civil War, but the acquisition was laden with contemporary significance, for another great conflict, World War II, had ended just two years earlier", "Art for the President's House XIV\nA more direct reminder of the war came with the 1949 gift of yet another Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington from a couple whose son had died in World War II.", "Art for the President's House XIV\nSince Truman's Presidency the White House has experienced few architectural changes, but in the age of television it has assumed an even greater symbolic importance for the American public. The collection housed there has been expanded both in size and concept, while its growth, care, and interpretation have been systematized.", "Art for the President's House XIV\nIn its post-World War II renovation the house had lost much of its original patina. During the administration of John F. Kennedy a concerted effort was made to recapture, even re-create, it. Jacqueline Kennedy appeared before millions of Americans in a televised tour of the house, presenting plans for renovation. She sought the advice and cooperation of antiquarians and collectors by appointing a Fine Arts Committee chaired by Henry F", "Art for the President's House XIV\ndu Pont, founder of the Winterthur Museum, the leading repository of early American decorative arts. New Yorker James W. Fosburgh, who had been on the staff of The Frick Collection for two decades, was named chairman of the special committee for White House paintings. He worked tirelessly to build the collection, which was significantly expanded during the Kennedy term.", "Art for the President's House XIV\nAn act of Congress, passed in 1961, made objects belonging to the White House part of its permanent collections and designated the State Rooms as having a museum character. The care and the growth of the collections, previously left somewhat to chance, were finally formalized. In the same year the Office of the Curator was established. For the first time truly professional standards were applied to the works in the collection", "Art for the President's House XIV\nThe nonprofit White House Historical Association was also formed that year to enhance understanding and provide for the interpretation of the house and its collections. The association's founding was in 1964 by that of the Committee for the Preservation of the White House. To this group falls the responsibility of advising the President on the acquisition, use, and display of historic and artistic objects for the White House.", "Art for the President's House XIV\nThe very heroes and heroines who had been the centerpiece of the fine arts collection--the Presidents and First Ladies--remained so. The clear favorites were Presidents whose individual achievements symbolize universal values of the nation: George Washington, of course, and Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt. In recent years at least ten images representing these illustrious Presidents have been added to the collection, several by artists of the first rank.", "Art for the President's House XIV\nEventually, as more and more life portraits of actual White House residents have been secured, the collection has also embraced likenesses of those who helped build the residence itself. Additions have included two portraits of architects who worked on the house--James Hoban and Benjamin Henry Latrobe. Images of distinguished visitors to the Executive Mansion have been collected as well.\n[back one page] [Art in the White House] [Continue]\nArt for the President's House\nArt for the President's House II", "Art for the President's House XIV\nArt for the President's House III\nArt for the President's House IV\nArt for the President's House V\nArt for the President's House VI\nArt for the President's House VII\nArt for the President's House VIII\nArt for the President's House IX\nArt for the President's House X\nArt for the President's House XI\nArt for the President's House XII\nArt for the President's House XIII\nArt for the President's House XV"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,492
https://www.dol.gov/whd/overtime/fs17g_salary.htm
Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor
["Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nAll DOL WHD\nDOL Home > WHD > Fact Sheets > Fact Sheet 17g\nWage and Hour Division (WHD)\n(Revised July 2008) (PDF)\nFact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)\nThis fact sheet provides general information on the exemption from minimum wage and overtime pay provided by Section 13(a)(1) of the Fair Labor Standards Act as defined by Regulations, 29 CFR Part 541.\ufffd", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nThe FLSA requires that most employees in the United States be paid at least the federal minimum wage for all hours worked and overtime pay at time and one-half the regular rate of pay for all hours worked over 40 hours in a workweek.", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nHowever, Section 13(a)(1) of the FLSA provides an exemption from both minimum wage and overtime pay for employees employed as bona fide executive, administrative, professional and outside sales employees. Section 13(a)(1) and Section 13(a)(17) also exempt certain computer employees. To qualify for exemption, employees generally must meet certain tests regarding their job duties and be paid on a salary basis at not less than $455* per week. Job titles do not determine exempt status", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nIn order for an exemption to apply, an employee\ufffds specific job duties and salary must meet all the requirements of the Department\ufffds regulations.", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nSee other fact sheets in this series for more information on the exemptions for executive, administrative, professional, computer and outside sales employees.\nSalary Basis Requirement", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nTo qualify for exemption, employees generally must be paid at not less than $455* per week on a salary basis. These salary requirements do not apply to outside sales employees, teachers, and employees practicing law or medicine. Exempt computer employees may be paid at least $455* on a salary basis or on an hourly basis at a rate not less than $27.63 an hour.", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nBeing paid on a \ufffdsalary basis\ufffd means an employee regularly receives a predetermined amount of compensation each pay period on a weekly, or less frequent, basis. The predetermined amount cannot be reduced because of variations in the quality or quantity of the employee\ufffds work. Subject to exceptions listed below, an exempt employee must receive the full salary for any week in which the employee performs any work, regardless of the number of days or hours worked", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nExempt employees do not need to be paid for any workweek in which they perform no work. If the employer makes deductions from an employee\ufffds predetermined salary, i.e., because of the operating requirements of the business, that employee is not paid on a \ufffdsalary basis.\ufffd If the employee is ready, willing and able to work, deductions may not be made for time when work is not available.", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nDeductions from pay are permissible when an exempt employee: is absent from work for one or more full days for personal reasons other than sickness or disability; for absences of one or more full days due to sickness or disability if the deduction is made in accordance with a bona fide plan, policy or practice of providing compensation for salary lost due to illness; to offset amounts employees receive as jury or witness fees, or for military pay; for penalties imposed in good faith for infractions of safety rules of major significance; or for unpaid disciplinary suspensions of one or more full days imposed in good faith for workplace conduct rule infractions", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nAlso, an employer is not required to pay the full salary in the initial or terminal week of employment, or for weeks in which an exempt employee takes unpaid leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act.", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nFactors to consider when determining whether an employer has an actual practice of making improper deductions include, but are not limited to: the number of improper deductions, particularly as compared to the number of employee infractions warranting deductions; the time period during which the employer made improper deductions; the number and geographic location of both the employees whose salary was improperly reduced and the managers responsible; and whether the employer has a clearly communicated policy permitting or prohibiting improper deductions", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nIf an \ufffdactual practice\ufffd is found, the exemption is lost during the time period of the deductions for employees in the same job classification working for the same managers responsible for the improper deductions.", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nIsolated or inadvertent improper deductions will not result in loss of the exemption if the employer reimburses the employee for the improper deductions.", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nIf an employer (1) has a clearly communicated policy prohibiting improper deductions and including a complaint mechanism, (2) reimburses employees for any improper deductions, and (3) makes a good faith commitment to comply in the future, the employer will not lose the exemption for any employees unless the employer willfully violates the policy by continuing the improper deductions after receiving employee complaints.\nFee Basis", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nAdministrative, professional and computer employees may be paid on a \ufffdfee basis\ufffd rather than on a salary basis. If the employee is paid an agreed sum for a single job, regardless of the time required for its completion, the employee will be considered to be paid on a \ufffdfee basis.\ufffd A fee payment is generally paid for a unique job, rather than for a series of jobs repeated a number of times and for which identical payments repeatedly are made", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nTo determine whether the fee payment meets the minimum salary level requirement, the test is to consider the time worked on the job and determine whether the payment is at a rate that would amount to at least $455* per week if the employee worked 40 hours. For example, an artist paid $250 for a picture that took 20 hours to complete meets the minimum salary requirement since the rate would yield $500 if 40 hours were worked.", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nWhere to Obtain Additional Information\nFor additional information, visit our Wage and Hour Division Website: http://www.wagehour.dol.gov and/or call our toll-free information and helpline, available 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. in your time zone, 1-866-4USWAGE (1-866-487-9243).\nWhen the state laws differ from the federal FLSA, an employer must comply with the standard most protective to employees. Links to your state labor department can be found at www.dol.gov/contacts/state_of.htm.", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nThis publication is for general information and is not to be considered in the same light as official statements of position contained in the regulations.\nNote (added January 2018): *", "Fact Sheet #17G: Salary Basis Requirement and the Part 541 Exemptions Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | U.S. Department of Labor\nThe Department of Labor is undertaking rulemaking to revise the regulations located at 29 C.F.R. part 541, which govern the exemption of executive, administrative, and professional employees from the Fair Labor Standards Act's minimum wage and overtime pay requirements. Until the Department issues its final rule, it will enforce the part 541 regulations in effect on November 30, 2016, including the $455 per week standard salary level"]
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http://mollymew.blogspot.com/2015/05/marie-goldsmith-her-life-and-thought.html?showComment=1439275362314
Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought
["Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nMaria Isidorovna Goldsmith was born on July 19, 1871 in Russia (1). There is some confusion about both the date and location of her birth. Some assume that she was born in Switzerland, around 1873 probably in Zurich where the family later moved, but this move was years later. Her father Isidor published Znanie, a positivist (2) oriented review. He was exiled to the north for his views, according to the historian Max Nettlau first to Pinega and later to Arkhangsk (3)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nNettlau was of the opinion that she was born in one of these places. Her mother, Sofia Ivanova Goldsmith, was a follower of the SR writer Labrov. Like Lavrov she was also interested in the natural sciences, studying at the Faculty of Medicine in Moscow and later receiving her doctorate at the Faculty of Science in Zurich (4)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nGoldsmith's father died when she was young, and her and her mother's common interests in radical politics and natural sciences was the basis for their lifelong close relationship.(5) In 1888 she and her mother left Russia and eventually settled in Zurich Switzerland.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nBefore we go any further a matter of names should be cleared up. Goldsmith went by more than as many names as I have fingers. The last name is an anglicized version of an original Yiddish 'Goldsmid', 'Goldsmit' or 'Goldsmidt'. All four of these were used by various people at various times by people who either knew her or wrote about her. Her first name is also rendered either 'Maria' or 'Marie' depending on the author. To complicate things further she adopted two noms-de-plumes in her political writing", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nOne was 'Korn' (sometimes rendered 'Corn'). The other was 'Isidine'. In both cases either Maria or Marie have been used. Her scientific publications were printed under the name of 'Marie Goldsmith', but whether this was the preferred label is hard to judge. In this essay I use this name as a matter of convenience.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nGoldsmith's first political commitment was in imitation of her mother. She became a member of the International Socialist Revolutionary Students (a branch of the Russian SRs in exile)(6) in June of 1892. She was active in these circles as an editor of their pamphlets. Meanwhile the Goldsmiths relocated to Paris in 1890. Once there she frequented other Russian exile circles and eventually became an anarchist", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nShe still, however, maintained contact with the SRs, actually edited their pamphlets despite her political disagreements with them. As late as 1903 she translated and published the 'Historical Letters' of Labrov. As will be seen later in her relations with other anarchists this was a pattern she held to, never letting differences of opinion to lead to estrangement.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nGoldsmith studied biology at the University of Paris at the Sorbonne. In 1894 she was awarded her undergraduate degree (7), and later her master's.She worked at this institution for many years in association with her fellow biologist Yves Delage. In 1915 she wrote her PhD thesis 'R\u00e9actions physiologiques et psychique des poissons' as a graduate student of Delage. It was published by the Institute G\u00e9neral Psychologique in the same year", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nLong before this, however, she had become his indispensible research collaborator, and was the co-author with him of two important books: 'Les Theories de l'Evolution' (1909)(8) and 'Le Parth\u00e9nog\u00e9n\u00e8se Naturelle et \u00c9xperimentale' (1913). The former book was particularily influential, and was translated into English, German, Spanish, Portuguese and Chinese. It also figured prominantly in the anarchist side of her life as we shall see later.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nGoldsmith had a long and distinguised scientific career, both as an associate of Delage and on her own. Her main interest was in comparative animal psychology, but she also \"wrote on marine animals' response to light, psychological evolution in animals, construction of spider webs, and the role of tannins and sugars in sea urchins [and]...on mendelian evolution\" (9). Some of her publications include...\n-Les theories de l'evoluion 1909 (with Yves Delage)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n-La parth\u00e9nog\u00e9n\u00e8se exp\u00e9rimentale 1913 (with Yves Delage)\n-La parth\u00e9nog\u00e9n\u00e8se naturelle et exp\u00e9rimentale 1913 (with Yves Delage)\n-R\u00e9actions physiologiques et psychique des poissons 1915\n-Le tannin et le sucre dans la parth\u00e9nog\u00e9n\u00e8se des oursins 1915 (with Yves Delage)\n-Les grands probl\u00e8mes de la biologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale 1917 (with Yves Delage)\n-Le mend\u00e9lisme et le m\u00e9canisme cytologique de l'h\u00e9r\u00e9dite 1919\n-La psychologie compar\u00e9e 1927\n-La Dictionnaire illustr\u00e9e d'histoire naturelle 1931", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nGoldsmith was also an editor of 'L'ann\u00e9e biologique' from 1902 to 1924 (10). As an interesting sidenote she and Delage wrote editorials for this journal defending Konstantin Merezhkovski's symbiotic theory of the origin of chloroplasts. The idea was developed independently by the Russian botanist Andrei Famintsyn who first advanced it in 1906 and 1907. They also wrote a lengthy review of Portier's book 'Les symbiotes' in this journal", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nThis idea fell out of favour for many decades, but it later became famous through the work of Lynn Margulis who rediscovered it without prior knowledge of the Russian biologists who had first advanced it. Herein lies an interesting tale of the history of science.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nDespite her record of publications Goldsmith had to struggle in the last few years of her life to find scientific employment. She worked as a \"laboratory preparer\" at the \u00c9cole Practique des Hautes \u00c9tudes from 1927 to 1933. She also found employment as a \"seminar leader\" at the Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9dicine from 1930 to 1933. She laboured under the dual burden of being both female and undoubtedly being known for her radical views despite her use of pseudonoms", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nGoldsmith was not totally absorbed in her scientific work. As her commitment to the SRs declined she became more and more active amongst the anarchists, particularily the exiles in Paris. In 1897 (11) she began a correspondance with Peter Kropotkin, an exchange of letters that was to continue, at least as sources allow us to speculate, until 1917. There is a problem here in verification as only letters received by Goldsmith have been preserved", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIn his exile in England Kropotkin was in a perhaps justifiable state of over-precaution. He burned all correspondance. As such we have only his letters to Goldsmith to work from. To complicate matters most of these were written in Russian (12) and only a few are in French. The Russian letters await translation. Goldsmith actually became Kropotkin's major correspondant with almost 400 items having been preserved (12) in the Nicolaevsky Collection in Paris", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nAs such she was one of the major influences on Kropotkin's later thought, no matter how she might disagree with him on certain points. She was actually the major political correspondant in Kropotkin's life in exile. The number of his letters to her is only exceeded by those of Kropotkin to his brother. As Martin A. Miller, one of the most reputable of Kropotkin's biographers says in his notes to his biography;", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n\"This is the largest single collection of letters in Kropotkin's entire career with the sole exception of the large correspondance with his brother which, however, was written before Peter's conversion to anarchism\". (13)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nThe collection contains six volumes, and despite Miller's 'presumed' familiarity with them he makes an egregious error about Goldsmith's opinions during the First World War, as we we see later. Goldsmith became the leading figure amongst the Russian exiles in Paris (14), and their anarchist group meetings were held in her apartment (15). It was during this period that she adopted the nom-de-plume 'Maria Korn'", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nGoldsmith also began a prolific output for the libertarian press, writing in Russian, French, English, Italian and Yiddish for publications across Europe and North America. (16) According to Paul Avrich she also made the acquitance of another newcomer, Emma Goldman, when the latter was in Europe in 1895-1896 on a tour to campaign for the release of Alexander Berkman from prison. Goldman met with other Parisian anarchists in Goldsmith's home", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nThe pair also became correspondents and she later defended Goldman's attack on Johann Most (17) in the pages of De Vrije Socialist on April 6, 1900.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nGoldsmith was also prominent in non-Russian anarchist circles, though her main focus was on the Russian movement. At the 1906 London conference of Russian anarchists in exile she authored no less than three of the reports, \"on the matter of politics and economics, on organization and on the general strike\" (18). In 1914 she was one of the speakers in Paris on the anniversary of the death of Bakunin (19)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nShe also help organize meetings on commemorations of the Paris Commune and the Haymarket martyrs though it is unclear if she spoke at these gatherings. Her major contribution, however, was as one of the founders and one of the main writers of the Russian language journal Khleb i Volia (Bread and Freedom) published in Geneva from August 1903 to November 1905 and smuggled into Russia. Under the influence of the recently successful French CGT she promoted the ideas of anarchosyndicalism in her writings", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nHer writings on this subject were later produced as a pamphlet 'Revolutionary Syndicalism and Anarchism' in Moscow/Petrograd in 1920. The work has, unfortunately, never been translated from the Russian.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nKhleb i Volia was perhaps Goldsmith's most significant activity in these years. This journal was initiated in Geneva under the influence of Kropotkin. It grew out of the Russian language Anarkhicheskaia Biblioteca , a publishing house started by an Armenian Alexander Atakekian who had come to London to ask the 'anarchist sage' about how he could best contribute to his ideals. It began by publishing works of Bakunin and Kropotkin, and it later laid plans for a Russian language newspaper", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIt was actually Goldsmith who first suggested the idea to Kropotkin in their correspondance (20). Kropotkin in turn provided her with an introduction to two other contacts K. Gogeliia-Orgeiani and his wife Lidiia Ikonnikova (21). Along with another anarchist in Geneva, Maksim Raevskii, the Geneva group began publication with Goldsmith, under the pseudonom of Maria Korn, as an external editor in Paris.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nKropotkin wrote many pieces for KiV even though he had many differences with the editors including Goldsmith. As Martin Miller says in his biography of Kropotkin,", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n\"Kropotkin's participation in the publishing of Khleb i Volia took many forms, from contributing to fundraising to advising. To be precise Kropotkin influences the paper but did not control it in any way; in fact, in all his associations with anarchist papers, he may never have had as little to say about the running of the paper as he did with this one.\" (22)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nKropotkin's problems with the journal began in 1904 when he was disturbed by a lead article, probably the work of Gogeliia, that seemed to present terrorist tactics in a favourable light. He expressed his displeasure in a letter to Goldsmith, going so far as to suggest that the person he had introduced to her might in fact be a police agent. Goldsmith was definitely on Kropotkin's side in this debate, but for reasons quite different from his. They won the dispute", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIn the next issue of KiV an article appeared denouncing terrorism. As mentioned before Goldsmith, admiring the work of the French CGT, consistently defended an anarchosyndicalist position in her writings for Khleb i Volia. At the time the growth of syndicalism was a constructive reaction amongst anarchists, and French workers in general, reacting against the blind alley of the individualist pseudo-anarchist trend of 'illegalism' that had disgraced anarchism in fin-de-siecle Europe", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nWhat syndicalism provided was a practical outlet whereby anarchists could move beyond dramatic demonstrations to productive activity. Kropotkin, however, harboured doubts about the tactic that Goldsmith did not share. The difference was muted, basically a matter of emphasis. Goldsmith was far more optimistic about syndicalism than Kropotkin and even though all the editors of KiV shared reservations about the possible degeneration of syndicates it was Kropotkin who was most emphatic about this danger", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n(23) This was the first instance where Goldsmith disagreed with the person she undoubtedly considered a mentor, but it was not the last. It was typical of Goldsmith that their differences didn't lead to a break in their friendship. It was also typical of her that there was no direct confrontation.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nSmuggled into Russia, Khleb i Volia became quite influential amongst workers and young intellectuals. Copies reached as far as the factories in the Urals. Anarchosyndicalists in south Russia where the ideology was most popular appreciated the journal even if they had doubts about how much French ideas were practical in their situation.\nGOLDSMITH AND KROPOTKIN", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nAs mentioned above Goldsmith became Kropotkin's primary correspondant in his years of exile. In the beginning the influence was pretty well one way with Kropotkin playing the role of mentor. From September 1890 to June 1896 the exiled anarchist had published a series of article in the English magazine 'The Nineteenth Century' (24) which were later collated in book form in 1902 under the title of 'Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution'", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nThe most popular interpretation of Kropotkin's purpose in wrting the articles was to counter the opinions of Thomas Huxley (\"Darwin's Bulldog\") who in 1888 published his 'The Struggle for Existence in Human Society' in 'The Nineteenth Century'. Kropotkin mentions this as the motive behind his articles in his introduction to the book's first edition. (25) He also mentions Huxley's 'Ethics' and the opinions of Herbert Spencer whom he also disagreed with", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nMutual Aid became an international success and is still considered a classic today. During the composition of his essays Kropotkin wasn't simply writing a political text. To a great extend he was influenced by ideas current amongst Russian naturalists of the time (26) who, unlike people such as Darwin, Wallace and Huxley, carried out their studies in relatively severe climates where intraspecific cooperation was selected for as against competition.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nWhatever its popularity, amongst both left wing circles and the general biological community, 'Mutual Aid' had an obvious deficiency. It may indeed have established the evolutionary importance of cooperation, later to become the scientific fields of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, but it lacked a 'mechanism'. That is to say that there seemed to be no obvious way that cooperative habits could give rise to innate cooperative tendencies", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nKropotkin had discussed this question before (27) in The Nineteenth Century , but in a rather superficial way. In 1910 he returned to the question in a series of articles in The Nineteenth Century and After, the successor to The Nineteenth Century. In these essays he was concerned both to exorcise the ghost of Malthusism from Darwinism and to present a theory of heredity that would seem consistent with his views on cooperation", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nHe also attempted to recruit the later Darwin to his point of view, especially the Darwin of 'The Descent of Man'. (28) The first essay in the series, 'The Theory of Evolution and Mutual Aid' (1910) (29) was basically an attempt to \"recover the real Darwin\" who supposedly became progressively more Lamarkian in his latter years. (30) Kropotkin thought that a form of Lamarkism was the most fertile pathway", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIn his view natural selection was a mere secondary factor and it was acquired characteristics prepared by the action of the environment that set up the basic raw material that evolution worked upon. It was here that Marie Goldsmith and her academic partner Yves Delage enter the picture.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nAs mentioned previously Goldsmith and Delage had published their book 'Les Th\u00e9ories de l'\u00e9volution ` in 1909. The first English translation was published in 1910 in England. The first American edition came out in New York in 1912. It`s an open question how much influence their book had on Kropotkin when he was composing his essays. The following should be noted", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nFirst, Kropotkin`s scientific career was that of a field naturalist despite his general familiarity with other aspects of biology about which he wrote as a journalist. To a large extent he was very much an outsider to experimental biology and genetics. It was here that his major correspondant, Goldsmith, came to his aid. As \u00c1lvaro Gir\u00f3n in his article on Kropotkin and Lamarkism says;", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n\"Now, Kropotkin was not completely alone when he had to deal with this complexity. He received the critical advise and support of Marie Goldsmith, a brilliant Russian student of Biology, disciple of the French Neolamarkian Yves Delage. Her help was instrumental. Kropotkin was an amateur naturalist of the old school, a complete stranger in the field of experimental Biology.\" (31)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nThere is little doubt that Kropotkin was aware of the problem, perhaps as far back as 1903 (32), and he was aware of the controversies about the nature of heredity as early as the 1890s. He was also a convinced Lamarkian, believing that it would be \"a weapon against Malthusianism\" (33). There is, however, another thing that is not in doubt ie that he had read Goldsmith and Delage's book before writing his essays", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIn his third essay, 'The Response of the Animals to Their Environment' their book is mentioned as item # 2 in his notes (34). Finally,there is little doubt that the subject of the mechanisms of evolution had been discussed at length in his correspondence with Goldsmith. It isn't certain that he read the book in its French edition of 1909, though it would be hard to imagine that his good friend Goldsmith wouldn't have forwarded him a copy hot off the press", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIn the above article Kropotkin references the English edition of 1910, but he was, after all,writing for an English speaking audience. In later essays in the series he referenced Delage and Goldsmith's book in its 1909 French edition. He also references Delage's 1903 book 'L' h\u00e9r\u00e9dit\u00e9 et les grands probl\u00e8mes de la biologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale` . In 1903 Goldsmith was already associated with Delage, and she had been corresponding with Kropotkin since 1897", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIt is likely that the ideas presented in Delage's 1903 work had benefitted from Goldsmith's input, and, through her, from Kropotkin's earlier work. This is not unusual in the history of science. Scientific ideas are almost invariably the result of collective effort rather than the lone genius of popular mythology.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nWhat I would like to present here is the possibility that Kropotkin's ideas in his essays were more or less derivative from those of Goldsmith and Delage. This is not to say that Kropotkin was a plagarist. He adduced a vast number of studies that the Paris pair hadn't dealt with, and the organization of the material was his own. Yet Kropotkin himself mentions their books, amongst others, as useful reviews, and there no other reviews that shared his views, biological and otherwise, so widely", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIt is also significant that there is proof that he discussed these questions in his correspondance with Goldsmith (35). What follows depends on two publications. One, 'Evolution and Environment' ,(36) is available in print. It contains both Kropotkin's earlier pamphlet 'Modern Science and Anarchism' and the essays in question under the title of 'Thoughts on Evolution'. The other source is the online English language edition of 'The Theories of Evolution' (37)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nThe latter is interesting in its own right in presenting the controversies in turn-of-the-century evolutionary biology, and it would certainly bear inspection by historians of science (38).", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIn his introduction to the essays George Woodcock mentions the genesis of the series in a letter Kropotkin wrote to W, Wray Silbeck, then editor of The Nineteenth Century and After in November 1909 ie after the publication of Godsmith and Delage's book;", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n\"He remarked that his researches for 'Ethics' (39) had led him to the conclusion that before proceeding further he must \"discuss seriously the question of Darwinian Struggle for Life - and Mutual Aid. It is a big question as it requires a critical analysis of Natural Selection, but of the deepest interest just now, when Lamarkism is coming so prominently to the front\"\". (40)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nIn other words Kropotkin saw Lamarkian inheritance as a counterweight to what seemed, in the writings of Huxley and others, to be a reactionary use of terms like Natural Selection to justify the socioeconomic system of class rule and statist imperialism. He saw Lamarkinism as more compatible with his own theories of mutual aid. Lamarkism was to be the means whereby sociability became part of the genetic heritage of animals and humans. He was sorely mistaken in this opinion", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nNowadays there is a huge corpus of the study of cooperation/sociability within the fields of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, all of it based firmly on the premise of natural selection. In the 1910s, however, these theories and facts were decades away in the future. Mendelian genetics had barely been rediscovered. The function of nucleic acids in heredity was unknown. Even the role of the nucleus was a matter of dispute.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nGoldsmith and Delage were Lamarkians, even though in their book they treated other theories in a fair and balanced manner. The fact that an anarchist, and personal friend, such as Goldsmith could at the same time be an exponent of Lamarkism no doubt suggested to Kropotkin that his \"choice of sides\" in the dispute over heredity lined up with his political beliefs.There are many parallels between Kropotkin's essays and the themes discussed in 'The Theories of Evolution'. Let's examine a few.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nOne of Kropotkin's first goals was to \"rescue Darwin\". This consisted of two lines of argument. One purpose was to show how Darwinism was separate from the ideas of Thomas Malthus whose 'Essay on Population' influenced Darwin's theory of natural selection (41). The second line of attack was to suggest that Darwin was ambivalent about natural selection as an evolutionary mechanism and that he became more 'Lamarkian' over the years", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nMuch of Kropotkin's first article, 'The Theory of Evolution and Mutual Aid' is devoted to these propositions. This is one area where Kropotkin went beyond Goldsmith and Delage, at least in terms of evidence. Even though the Paris Pair had advanced a similar statement (42) Kropotkin presented a much more convincing case, both from Darwin's published work and from his correspondance", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nThis was actually not so hard to do as, as previously mentioned, Darwin's idea of 'orthogenesis' comes close to assuming a Lamarkian point of view. What the anarchist Prince was trying to prove was that Darwin gradually came to accept his own opinion - that adaption to the environment provided the source of variation and that natural selection was a secondary \"editing\" influence on evolution", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nWriting, as he was, before the development of modern genetics Kropotkin felt that there had to be something other than chance that produced the variability that natural selection worked upon. As he says;", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n\"To be cumulative in its effects, there must be, beside the chance variations, a cause, such as hybridism, or still more so the direct action of the environment, which tends to alter the structure and the forms of the animal or plant in a certain definite direction....But once there is such a cause, there is no need of an acute struggle between the individuals of the species to preserve the effects of variation.\" (43)", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nThis was Kropotkin's argument by which he tied his two assertions together. Yes it was logically flawed as the subsequent history of genetics demonstrates, but given the state of knowledge in his time it was at least consistant.\n1)The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Marilyn Ogilviet and Ivy Harvey eds, Routledge NY 2000 ISBN 0-203-80145-8; p 1046", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n2)Positivism was a nineteenth century philosophy propounded by the French philosopher and utopian socialist August Comte. It was an early form of empiricism. It also, however, was linked to a proposed technocratic form of collectivism, like that espoused by Henri St.-Simon for whom Comte was once secretary. At the time this philosophy was coloured with a radical tinge", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nHence its attraction for the radical intelligentsia, especially as it promised them a directing role in the society that was to replace capitalism. It was an influence on the later doctrine of technocracy. In a mendacious way it later became smuggled into the socialist movement via the Leninist theory of the Party and the role of the intellectuals in it. Today positivism has mutated almost beyond recognition in at least the English speaking world.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n3)Nettlau, Max 'A Memorial Tribute to Marie Goldsmith and Her Mother' Freedom (New York) Vol. 1, No 10, March 18 1933, p2 . See also http://www.fondation-besnard.org/spip.php?article600\n4)Confino, Michael and Rubinstein, Daniel 'Kropotkine savant [vingt-cinq lettres in\u00e9dite de Pierre Kropotkine \u00e0 Marie Goldsmith` Cahiers du monde russe et sovi\u00e9tique Vol 33, No 33 1992 p245. See also http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/cmr_0008-1992_num_33_2_2320", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n5)There is very little information available on Sophie Goldsmith, but there is little doubt that she was a remarkable woman. Her studies in Moscow were carried out under two barriers as she was both a woman and a Jew. At the time Jewish registration in institutions of higher education was still restricted under Tsarist laws. There is no information about her attitude to Marie's conversion to anarchism, but the circumstances of her life suggest that she made few objections", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nConsidering the strength of will that she evidenced in her prior career it is doubtful that Marie could have stood out against any strenuous objections on her part. In the early years Marie adopted the SR ideology from her mother. The two women remained incredibly, almost pathologically, close through Marie's life, and Marie in fact committed suicide because of her mother's death", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nBefore jumping to pseudo-scientific psychologizing, however, we should take note of the time and culture in which the women lived. Such family closeness was not as uncommon then and there as it is today.", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n8) Les th\u00e9ories de l`\u00e9volution B & L Routenberg, Paris 1909. For Yves Delage see Encyclopedia Britannica entry on Yves Delage at http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/156289/Yves-Delage . To say the least Delage was a 'character'. His main field of research was marine biology, but he contributed greatly to general physiology. He discovered the function of the vestibular semi-circular canals and was a major influence in evolutionary biology and the growing new field of genetics", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nStill, even though he was a convinced and often militant atheist and an anti-clerical secularist, he spent (wasted ?) time trying to prove that the Shroud of Turin was authentic !!", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\n9)The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science Marilyn Ogilvie and Joy Harvey, Routledge New York 2000 p 1046\n10)Ibid\n11) See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Korn and Michael Confino and Daniel Rubinstein Cahiers du monde russe et sovi\u00e9tique 1992, Vol. 33, No 33 p244 http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/cmr_0008_0160_1992_num_33_2_2320\ndela keny said...\nDmitriy Ivanov said...", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nActually as Marie Goldsmith's father was a nobleman she or her mother weren't likely to have been significantly impacted by legal restrictions on Jews, more by lack of women's higher education in Tsarist Russia. Notes to Nikolai Morozov's \"Povesti moyey zhizni\" (Stories of My Life, Moscow, 1961, vol. 1, p. 403) remark that former Znaniye magazine editor Is[idor] Alb[ertovich] Goldsmith was, after 1880, an agent in pay of the Russian gendarmerie. Also see D", "Molly'sBlog: Marie Goldsmith: Her life and thought\nRublyov's article on Goldsmith in \"Revolyutsionnaya mysl v Rossii XIX-nachala XX veka\" (Revolutionary Thought in Russia on the 19th-early 20th century, Moscow, 2013, pp. 109-112). None of Goldsmith's anarchist writings have been reissued in Russia recently, actually the book from 1920 is probably a reissue of her earlier writings."]
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0.0]], \"rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction\": [[0, 38, 0.07894737], [38, 57, 0.63157895], [57, 1125, 0.03558052], [1125, 1950, 0.03151515], [1950, 1966, 0.8125], [1966, 2746, 0.03076923], [2746, 3629, 0.03624009], [3629, 4035, 0.00985222], [4035, 4087, 0.05769231], [4087, 4144, 0.05263158], [4144, 4214, 0.04285714], [4214, 4271, 0.01754386], [4271, 4353, 0.03658537], [4353, 4423, 0.04285714], [4423, 4485, 0.01612903], [4485, 4515, 0.03333333], [4515, 4568, 0.03773585], [4568, 5271, 0.02560455], [5271, 5788, 0.02514507], [5788, 5812, 0.875], [5812, 7135, 0.02796674], [7135, 7357, 0.01351351], [7357, 8366, 0.03964321], [8366, 9483, 0.03222919], [9483, 10380, 0.04013378], [10380, 10543, 0.04907975], [10543, 10905, 0.01381215], [10905, 12666, 0.01987507], [12666, 13004, 0.02662722], [13004, 13028, 0.875], [13028, 14374, 0.03417533], [14374, 15951, 0.02663285], [15951, 16703, 0.03324468], [16703, 17085, 0.03664921], [17085, 18728, 0.02434571], [18728, 19880, 0.02604167], [19880, 20134, 0.05511811], [20134, 20512, 0.02910053], [20512, 21425, 0.01642935], [21425, 21920, 0.02626263], [21920, 23340, 0.02746479], [23340, 23762, 0.00473934], [23762, 23991, 0.01310044], [23991, 24124, 0.12030075], [24124, 24948, 0.02184466], [24948, 25134, 0.08602151], [25134, 25417, 0.0459364], [25417, 26483, 0.0206379], [26483, 26544, 0.01639344], [26544, 26571, 0.11111111], [26571, 27239, 0.03443114], [27239, 27352, 0.10619469], [27352, 27360, 0.125], [27360, 27601, 0.04149378], [27601, 27619, 0.0], [27619, 27642, 0.08695652], [27642, 28436, 0.0465995]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 28436, 0.95620471]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 28436, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 28436, 0.88515371]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 28436, 25.19312984]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 28436, 352.30594333]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 28436, 673.5910096]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 28436, 249.0]]}"}
RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,509
http://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/rul/staff/groups/rul_adv_com/charge.shtml
User account | Staff Resources
["User account | Staff Resources\nThe rapidly changing information environment presents the Libraries with many opportunities to enhance the creation, distribution, and acquisition of knowledge", "User account | Staff Resources\nThe long-range plan for the Rutgers University Libraries calls for the need to \"move aggressively, but intelligently, towards the creation of a new library system that takes advantage of these emerging technologies to enhance collections and services.\" Broad based initiatives, such as the Public Library of Science and the Electronic Society for Social Scientists, propose new formats and processes for the dissemination of scholarly information", "User account | Staff Resources\nMany research libraries have become partners in developing these initiatives or are hosting sites for the creation of new digital products, such as databases and electronic archives, that support the research interests of their communities. Concurrently, the Libraries continue to acquire and preserve print materials.", "User account | Staff Resources\nTo ensure effective planning and decision-making, the Libraries must maintain a close relationship with the members of the University community", "User account | Staff Resources\nTo support the Libraries' efforts and in response to a recommendation of the New Brunswick Faculty Council, I am establishing a Rutgers University Libraries Advisory Committee to provide advice to the University Librarian to ensure that the programs, services, and collections of the University Libraries meet the research, instruction, and service priorities of the community. The committee is charged to:", "User account | Staff Resources\nadvise the Libraries on new information needs reflecting changing University priorities and emerging academic program;\nprovide a University-wide perspective on priorities for the development of library collections and services, including the strategic development of digital projects and programs;\nexamine current trends in publishing and copyright that may influence access to scholarly information and recommend appropriate action by the Libraries, the faculty, and the University;", "User account | Staff Resources\nreview annual progress towards the goals outlined in the Libraries' long-range plan.\nI am writing to ask you to be a member of the Rutgers University Libraries Advisory Committee. The Committee will be chaired by Marianne Gaunt, University Librarian, and will meet two to three times a year. Members will serve for a two- year term. Please contact Libraries Administration at 732/932-7505 or by e-mail ([email protected]) and indicate your willingness to serve.", "User account | Staff Resources\nI hope that you will are willing to contribute to this important Committee. The Libraries are at the academic heart of the University and we all must work together to insure their continued excellent progress.\nJoseph J. Seneca\nUniversity Vice President for Academic Affairs\nURL: http://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/rul/staff/groups/rul_adv_com/charge.shtml"]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,512
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/formula/C14H8CrF
Formula Browser
["Formula Browser\nFormulas which begin with C14H8CrF\nC14H8CrF3NO5 (1-(4-Trifluoromethylanilino)ethylidenechromium pentacarbonyl)\nC14H8CrF8 (Chromium, bis[(1-fluoro-4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-)"]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,513
https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2013/65/
"Glass Ceilings" by Cara Maya Chalk
["Glass Ceilings by Cara Maya Chalk\nThis year I wrote a play. Due to scheduling difficulties my senior project was moved up to February. I wrote a play trying to come to terms with the fact that I am a woman graduating college about to go into the work force. With these stresses on my possible future certain questions came to mind. Am I going to be successful? Will I be happy romantically? Do I even want to work or be in a relationship", "Glass Ceilings by Cara Maya Chalk\n? Then I thought about the fact that there will come a time in my life when I might have to choose between a relationship or having a career. I thought to myself why there seems to be this stigma that a woman cannot do all. I wrote a play about a woman who goes through the same problem trying to juggle her career as well as make her girlfriend feel wanted. Cat, the main character, is then faced with a boss who seems to not even know what human interactions are like. My play was a comedy", "Glass Ceilings by Cara Maya Chalk\nThe first comedy I have ever written, and this challenged me quite a bit. I had no idea what actually went into writing a comedy and how impeccable the timing has to be. It was challenging but rewarding. Thank you Bard for giving me this chance because it was extremely bittersweet in knowing that this was my first full length play I wrote for Bard, and that me and two others are the last people graduating from the Playwriting division. Thank you."]
null
{"partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "digitalcommons.bard.edu", "date_download": "2018-07-15T19:41:03Z", "digest": "sha1:EONZ6O2ETE5Q5LREKQX4K2JSIN2N2SK6", "quality_signals": "{\"ccnet_length\": [[0, 1500, 1500.0]], \"ccnet_original_length\": [[0, 1500, 2503.0]], \"ccnet_nlines\": [[0, 1500, 6.0]], \"ccnet_original_nlines\": [[0, 1500, 56.0]], \"ccnet_language_score\": [[0, 1500, 0.99]], \"ccnet_perplexity\": [[0, 1500, 302.4]], \"ccnet_bucket\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_curly_bracket\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_ldnoobw_words\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_lorem_ipsum\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_stop_word_fraction\": [[0, 1500, 0.48543689]], \"rps_doc_ut1_blacklist\": [[0, 1500, null]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram\": [[0, 1500, 0.02015113]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram\": [[0, 1500, 0.01763224]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram\": [[0, 1500, 0.02770781]], \"rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words\": [[0, 1500, 0.0420712]], \"rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words\": [[0, 1500, 0.10679612]], \"rps_doc_frac_unique_words\": [[0, 1500, 0.54480287]], \"rps_doc_mean_word_length\": [[0, 1500, 4.2688172]], \"rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio\": [[0, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_unigram_entropy\": [[0, 1500, 4.69287233]], \"rps_doc_word_count\": [[0, 1500, 279.0]], \"rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark\": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 51, 0.0], [51, 67, 0.0], [67, 1414, 1.0], [1414, 1425, 0.0], [1425, 1500, 1.0]], \"rps_lines_javascript_counts\": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 51, 0.0], [51, 67, 0.0], [67, 1414, 0.0], [1414, 1425, 0.0], [1425, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_num_words\": [[0, 15, 2.0], [15, 51, 5.0], [51, 67, 2.0], [67, 1414, 257.0], [1414, 1425, 2.0], [1425, 1500, 11.0]], \"rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction\": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 51, 0.0], [51, 67, 0.0], [67, 1414, 0.0], [1414, 1425, 0.0], [1425, 1500, 0.15151515]], \"rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint\": [[0, 15, 0.0], [15, 51, 0.0], [51, 67, 0.0], [67, 1414, 0.0], [1414, 1425, 0.0], [1425, 1500, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction\": [[0, 15, 0.13333333], [15, 51, 0.16666667], [51, 67, 0.125], [67, 1414, 0.02227171], [1414, 1425, 0.18181818], [1425, 1500, 0.10666667]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 1500, 0.30210263]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 1500, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 1500, 0.21320361]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 1500, 5.4621918]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 1500, 13.74676861]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 1500, -97.93484183]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 1500, 20.0]]}"}
RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,490
https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/jati/article/view/12189
LOCAL BRANDING STRATEGIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC CULTURES | JATI - JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES
["LOCAL BRANDING STRATEGIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC CULTURES\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t| JATI - JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES\nIn the beauty industry, local companies lose and the foreign companies win in nearly all places around the world. However, it is believed that in Islamic and traditional cultures, local companies have a competitive edge over foreign multinational companies, an edge that impacts consumer choices", "LOCAL BRANDING STRATEGIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC CULTURES\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t| JATI - JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES\nWhat contributes to this edge combines the concepts of Warisan (traditional and cultural) and halal (an Islamic concept of purity and cleanliness) that are applied by local companies in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand to compete against multinational companies and win battles for profits. In the beauty industry, the literature lacks an explanation of why consumers choose certain beauty product brands and the reasons for their choices in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand", "LOCAL BRANDING STRATEGIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC CULTURES\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t| JATI - JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES\nTo understand the impacts on consumers\u2019 choices between local and international brands and to evaluate the effectiveness of branding strategies in the beauty industry, a survey was conducted in Indonesia (Jakarta), Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) and Thailand (Bangkok). In total, 361 questionnaire surveys were conducted with female respondents at various locations in the three countries", "LOCAL BRANDING STRATEGIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC CULTURES\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t| JATI - JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES\nThe study found that despite the fact that local companies leveraged their competitive advantages, beauty product users in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand preferred product qualities such as suitability, quality and indigenous ingredients to local or foreign brands. International brands had a significant impact on consumers in each of the three countries", "LOCAL BRANDING STRATEGIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC CULTURES\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t| JATI - JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES\nHowever, global brands did not use a halal logo demonstrating that consumers preferred foreign over local brands despite the high level of awareness for halal products and ingredients (including indigenous herbs), that international brands did not offer. Indigenous branding strategies that emphasized halalness and indigenous knowledge of herbs were less impactful on brand choice. The quality, suitability, and ingredients took precedence over the halal factor.", "LOCAL BRANDING STRATEGIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC CULTURES\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t| JATI - JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES\nKeywords: Southeast Asian Islamic cultures, halal, indigenous knowledge, indigenous ingredients, tayyibah\nYACOB, Shakila; ZAINOL, Rosilawati; HUSSIN, Hanafi. LOCAL BRANDING STRATEGIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLAMIC CULTURES. JATI - JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, [S.l.], v. 23, n. 1, p. 102-131, june 2018. ISSN 2600-8653. Available at: <https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/jati/article/view/12189>. Date accessed: 12 nov. 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.22452/jati.vol23no1.6."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,494
https://thequad.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/18/the-quad-countdown-no-11-clemson/
The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times
["The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nThe Quad | The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson\nThe Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson\nBy Paul Myerberg\nLocation: Clemson, S.C.\nNickname: Tigers.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nQuick facts: Clemson fans hear it all the time. The Tigers are a nice program, but\u2026 despite all their talent, they mustered only one major national title run (2000) over the last 20 years. Tommy Bowden is a fine coach, but\u2026 his Clemson teams have leaned toward underachieving over the last half-dozen years. In a weak A.C.C., Clemson has been unable to separate itself from the pack, which explains why Bowden is consistently on the hot seat", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nFans \u2013 and players, too \u2013 have to be tired of these constant reminders of the program\u2019s stature, which makes this season, which the Tigers enter as the conference favorite and a national title dark horse, the most important of the Bowden era. With the talent on this team, and the expectations surrounding them, anything less than an A.C.C. title will be a disappointment. Can Clemson rise to the occasion?", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nTidbit: Clemson leads the A.C.C. in conference titles with 13; however, its last title was in 1991, which, coincidentally, was the last season before Florida State joined the conference.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nTidbit (Death Valley edition): Clemson owns one of the most intimidating home-field advantages in college football, an attribute that has earned Memorial Stadium the moniker Death Valley. The nickname came from the former Presbyterian College coach Lonnie McMillan, who, after seeing his Blue Hose lose at Clemson for the umpteenth time (3-32-4 all-time), bemoaned that Memorial Stadium was where his teams went to die.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nFormer players in the N.F.L.: 19 \u2013 DE Gaines Adams (Tampa Bay Buccaneers), DE Charles Bennett (Tampa Bay Buccaneers), S Brian Dawkins (Philadelphia Eagles), DE Nick Eason (Pittsburgh Steelers), OL Dustin Fry (St. Louis Rams), S Jamaal Fudge (Jacksonville Jaguars), S C.J. Gaddis (Atlanta Falcons), WR Derrick Hamilton (Denver Broncos), LB Leroy Hill (Seattle Seahawks), CB Tye Hill (St", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nLouis Rams), OL Corey Hulsey (Detroit Lions), RB Steven Jackson (Kansas City Chiefs), DE Phillip Merling (Miami Dolphins), CB Justin Miller (Jets), DE Trevor Pryce (Baltimore Ravens), OL Barry Richardson (Kansas City Chiefs), WR Chansi Stuckey (Jets), LB Anthony Waters (San Diego Chargers), QB Charlie Whitehurst (San Diego Chargers).", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nFamous alumni (non-football related): Strom Thurmond, the longtime senator from South Carolina; James F. Byrnes, an influential mid-20th century American politician; the golfer D.J. Trahan; Robert Brooks, the founder of the Hooters chain of restaurants.\nConference: Atlantic Coast, Atlantic Division.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nHead coach: Tommy Bowden (\u201977 West Virginia), son of the legendary Florida State coach Bobby Bowden. Over all, Bowden stands at 69-42 at Clemson, and 87-46 for his career when including his strong two-year stint at Tulane (18-4 from 1997-98). His 69 victories is third on the school\u2019s career list, trailing only the legendary Frank Howard and Danny Ford", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nGiven the fact that, yearly, Bowden\u2019s name seems to top pundit\u2019s \u201cmost likely to be fired\u201d lists, it\u2019s amazing that he is entering his tenth season with the Tigers. While, yes, Bowden\u2019s teams have not yet lived up to expectations, only five other active coaches have led their teams to bowl eligibility every year since 1997. In addition, Bowden is in the midst of a Clemson-record streak of eight consecutive winning seasons; he is the fifth coach in A.C.C", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nhistory to notch eight straight winning seasons with the same program. Even more importantly, Bowden takes into the 2008 season a 7-2 mark against rival South Carolina, with each victory coming by an average margin of more than 9 points per game. Prior to taking over at Clemson, Bowden had a successful two-year stint at Tulane, which culminated in an 11-0 mark in 1998", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nThat team, with the current Michigan coach Rich Rodriguez calling the plays, finished the season 12-0, though Bowden did not coach the bowl game after taking the Clemson job", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nWhile there is no doubt that Bowden, at least early in his coaching career, profited from his father\u2019s success (two of his first three coaching stops were under Bobby at Florida State), he paid his dues as an assistant, serving at Auburn (1980, 1991-96), Duke (1983-86), Alabama (1987-89) and Kentucky (1990) before getting his first head coaching job at Tulane", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nAs the offensive coordinator at Auburn, Bowden teamed with his brother Terry to lead the Tigers to an 11-0 record in 1993, though Auburn was left out of the national title game due to N.C.A.A. sanctions. A two-time A.C.C. coach of the year (1999, 2003), Bowden enters the fall knowing this is his biggest season yet at Clemson: If the Tigers were to, say, finish 8-4, it would be considered a severe letdown.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\n2007 record: 9-4 (5-3). It was the third nine-win season for Bowden since taking over in 1999 (2000, 2003), but the Tigers should have done more. It was hard to tell which Clemson team was going to show up from week to week, which has seemed to be a running issue for the past handful of seasons. Were the Tigers going to play like the team that pounded Wake Forest, or the squad that laid an egg against Georgia Tech and Boston College", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nTo be fair, in only one game (the blowout loss to Virginia Tech) did Clemson look completely overmatched; however, when only close losses separate a team from barely squeaking into the top 25 or playing for a conference title, it is infinitely more frustrating. On a positive note, the Tigers had one of the nation\u2019s most explosive offenses for the second year in a row. Clemson was the only A.C.C", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nteam to finish in the top five in both passing (third) and rushing (second, 24th nationally), which helped them score a team-record 430 points. In addition, the Tigers turned the ball over only 12 times in 13 games, the second-best mark in the F.B.S. This offensive success, combined with the return of nearly every offensive skill player, is the reason for the heightened expectations surrounding the 2008 Tigers.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nHigh point: A last-second field goal gave the Tigers a 23-21 victory over hated rival South Carolina. The loss was South Carolina\u2019s fifth straight to end the season, making the victory even sweeter for the Tiger faithful. Clemson\u2019s best A.C.C. win was a 44-10 pounding of Wake Forest on Nov. 10; the Tigers outscored back-to-back conference foes (Duke being the other) by 91-20 to open November.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nLow point: A 13-3 loss to Georgia Tech, thanks to four missed field goals and less than 230 yards of total offense. The following week, Virginia Tech handed the Tigers a brutal 41-23 setback at home; the Hokies had only 219 yards of total offense and 9 first downs all game, but scored three touchdowns via Beamer Ball (one defensive, two by special teams). A 20-17 loss at home to Boston College on Nov. 17 gave the Eagles the division.\nReturning starters: 14 (7 offense, 7 defense).\nKey losses:", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nOn offense, the biggest changes come up front, where Clemson must find four new starters on their offensive line. The biggest loss is the all-American left tackle Barry Richardson, who started all four seasons for the Tigers. A cerebral pass blocker with the size (6-7, 320) to be a force at right tackle, Richardson was the only Tigers lineman taken in the draft, going to the Chiefs in the sixth round. Joining Richardson as a first-team all-A.C.C", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\npick was left guard Chris McDuffie, who had a great first season as a full-time starter in 2007. Clemson will also have to replace right guard Brandon Pilgrim and right tackle Christian Capote.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nOn defense, the Tigers must replace four of their top six tacklers, including their entire linebacker corps of Nick Watkins (first on the team with 118 stops, his third straight season with at least 99 tackles), Tramaine Billie (fourth with 79) and Cortney Vincent (sixth with 68). Watkins and Billie were both three-year starters, while Vincent \u2013 a would-be senior \u2013 was suspended from the squad for a violation of team rules", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nAnother big loss comes up front in end Phillip Merling, who led the Tigers in sacks (seven) and tackles for loss (17). Merling, who elected to leave early for the N.F.L. draft, was the first player taken in the second round (Dolphins). Last fall, Clemson joined L.S.U., U.S.C., Ohio State and West Virginia as the only teams to finish in the top 25 nationally in scoring defense, total defense, pass defense and rush defense. The pressure will be on to repeat those totals without these valuable contributors.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nPlayers to watch: Clemson has the best backfield in the A.C.C. At quarterback, the team returns the senior Cullen Harper, who had a splendid first season as the starter in 2007. Harper set a Tigers record with 27 touchdown passes (shattering the old record by six), while throwing for 2,991 yards against only six interceptions. His 141.0 passer rating led the A.C.C. Behind him, the Tigers feature a superb one-two running punch with the senior James Davis and the junior C.J. Spiller", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nDavis had his second consecutive 1,000-yard season in 2007 (1,064 and 10 scores), earning his second straight first-team all-A.C.C. pick; he is the first Tigers running back to do so since Terry Allen (1987-88). Davis currently stands second in the Clemson record book in both rushing yards (3,130) and touchdowns (38). Behind him is Spiller, who would start for, say, 110 of the 120 teams in the F.B.S", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nSpiller\u2019s impact goes beyond the running game, as he combines his rushing yardage (768 yards last fall) with a strong impact in the passing game (34 receptions for 271 yards) and in the return game. Though only a sophomore, Spiller holds the Clemson record for touchdown plays of 50 or more yards, with 10. The true freshman Jamie Harper has been outstanding through fall camp, but with two standouts ahead of him, he may need to wait a year", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nIn the passing game, the senior Aaron Kelly, entering his fourth year as a starter, is one of the best in the nation. A first-team all-A.C.C. pick after an 88-reception, 1,081-yard season in 2007, Kelly stands three shy of the Clemson record for receptions (and 52 away from the conference mark) and three away from the record for touchdown grabs. Harper will have another explosive option in the junior Jacoby Ford, who if healthy is one of the best in the A.C.C", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nFord notched 17 receptions for 310 yards and 4 scores and another 172 yards on the ground before being lost for the season after only eight games. Though the front seven will undergo some changes, the Clemson defense returns all four starters in their secondary, led by the senior safety Michael Hamlin. A second-team all-A.C.C. selection last fall, Hamlin led all returning Tigers with 97 tackles a season ago. Hamlin also added four interceptions, giving him eight for his career", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nHe is a potential all-American for Clemson. And his backup, the sophomore DeAndre McDaniel, is not so bad either; a freshman all-A.C.C. pick last fall, McDaniel added 33 tackles, 4 for loss. The corner combo of the juniors Chris Chancellor (four interceptions) and Crezdon Butler (three) give the Tigers the option of bringing heavy pressure to the quarterback without worrying about getting beat deep", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nIf there is one position primed for a breakout season it\u2019s the end spot, where the junior Ricky Sapp (5 sacks, 1o tackles for loss) looks poised to earn all-conference honors. A player to watch is the true freshman Da\u2019Quan Bowers, one of the highest rated recruits in the nation for 2008. Though Bowers enters the fall behind the junior Kevin Alexander at the other end, the coaching staff should give him every opportunity to come off the edge as a rookie", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nThe senior Dorell Scott is very efficient at nose guard; the big guy (6-4, 320 pounds) had 50 tackles (5 for loss) and 3 sacks last fall.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nPosition battle to watch: If I were a Clemson fan, I\u2019d be worried about the offensive line, which needs to replace four starters. The lone returning starter, the junior center Thomas Austin, had a very nice season \u2013 his first year as the starter \u2013 and will be counted on as a leader up front. Question marks surround him, though the right guard spot is likely wrapped up by the junior Barry Humphries, who made two starts at the spot last fall", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nAt the tackle spots, both the junior left tackle Cory Lambert and the sophomore right tackle Chris Hairston enter the fall atop the depth chart, though Lambert will have to hold off the senior Jock McKissic (a former defensive lineman) and Hairston the redshirt freshman Landon Walker. Both Lambert and Hairston started a single game in 2007, but their lack of experience is a concern for Bowden and his staff", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nAt left guard, the junior Jamarcus Grant currently sits atop the depth chart, with the redshirt freshman David Smith on his heels. The bad news for the Tigers is the lack of experience; the good news is that the group is young enough to expect improvement throughout the season and beyond. Clemson also signed a number of blue-chip line prospects in their 2008 recruiting class.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\n2008 schedule:\nAug. 30 Alabama (in Atlanta)\nSept. 6 The Citadel\nSept. 13 N.C. State\nSept. 20 South Carolina State\nSept. 27 Maryland\nOct. 9 @ Wake Forest\nOct. 18 Georgia Tech\nNov. 1 @ Boston College\nNov. 8 @ Florida State\nNov. 15 Duke\nNov. 22 @ Virginia\nNov. 29 South Carolina\nGame(s) to watch: I\u2019m excited for the game with \u2018Bama to start the season. In the A.C.C., Clemson must get past Wake Forest and defending Atlantic champ Boston College to win the division and play for a B.C.S. appearance.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nSeason breakdown & prediction: If Clemson doesn\u2019t win the A.C.C. this year, then all the calls for Tommy Bowden\u2019s job will be validated. Hate to be blunt, but the facts are clear: Clemson is, easily, the most talented team in the conference. The offense, especially, has the chance to be special. With Harper at quarterback and one of the nation\u2019s top backfield duos in Davis and Spiller, the Tigers will certainly not lack offensive firepower", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nOn defense, the amount of athleticism, particularly among the front four and in the secondary, is frightening. They\u2019re good enough that the Countdown is crowning them the A.C.C. champs, obviously, unless they experience a monumental collapse, in which case Wake Forest would be only too happy to take over the Atlantic division. But how good can Clemson be", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\n? Good enough to go undefeated, for starters, though its docket features bookend SEC battles with Alabama and rival South Carolina. Over all, however, I see the Tigers dropping at least one regular-season game, especially with trips to Wake, B.C. and Florida State in a four-game span. I predict Clemson will finish the regular season 10-2 and win the A.C.C. title en route to its first B.C.S. game appearance.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nDream season: The Tigers storm through the regular season undefeated and top Virginia Tech in the A.C.C. title game to earn a trip to the B.C.S. national championship game.\nNightmare season: Dreadfully disappointing results: 8-4, second in the Atlantic, which costs Bowden his job.\nWhere Clemson fans congregate: Clemson backers meet at TigerNet.com, CUTigers.com and Tigers Illustrated.\nWho is No. 10?: This university\u2019s founder was one of the inaugural members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nMo in ER August 18, 2008 \u00b7 8:54 pm\nMatthew, Mark, Luke, John or BRIGHAM!\nRyan August 18, 2008 \u00b7 9:20 pm\nCougs in the top ten!\nACC Fan August 18, 2008 \u00b7 10:32 pm\nSomebody should probably be asking why Clemson can\u2019t parlay their \u201cintimidating home-field advantage\u201d into better results. Over the past six seasons they only have the sixth best home winning percentage (0.750) in the ACC. They trail Virginia Tech (0.857), Virginia (0.811), BC (0.784), Miami (0.775), and Florida State (0.763).", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nThis is the ultimate \u201cput-up-or-shut-up\u201d year for Clemson. I can\u2019t imagine this program ever having such a golden opportunity to win the conference as it does this year. The ACC is weak and Clemson is loaded with talent. Unfortunately for Bowden, if Clemson can\u2019t get it done, the blame will fall directly on his shoulders\u2013 and it probably should. The personnel is there", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nI\u2019m not sure if he gets fired for not winning the conference this year, but anything less than 10 wins (including a bowl victory) will have his seat on fire (again).", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nClemson has three huge ACC games: at Wake, at BC, and at FSU. I think, for them to win the conference, it comes down to winning at least two of those three games. I think they finally get the BC monkey off their back, but I don\u2019t see them winning at Doak again this year (they have just one win at FSU since 1989). So, in the end, I think it all comes down to the Wake game. Lose that one, and I predict the \u2018Noles or the Deacs taking the division.\nBig 11 fan August 19, 2008 \u00b7 10:25 am", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nI predict that the Tigers will tank early when they lose to Maryland at home, giving their fans a an early start on building up a \u201cFire Bowden\u201d crescendo. The Terps are better than most progs give them credit for and Clemson will be thinking ahead to the following week\u2019s game at Wake.\nXenophon August 19, 2008 \u00b7 10:27 am", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nClemson will start the season with a loss, but go on to win 10 of their remaining 11 games. They won\u2019t go to the BCS championship game, but will win the Orange Bowl against Ohio State and end 11-2 at the number four spot.\nGeneral Sherman August 19, 2008 \u00b7 4:19 pm\nMatthew, Mark, Luke, John or BRIGHAM!\u201d Alert!\nError in spelling! It\u2019s Matthew, Mark, Luke, John or BIGHAMIST!\u201d\nTANNER August 19, 2008 \u00b7 4:39 pm\nWAY TO GO COUGARS! HOPE ALL GOES WELL THIS YEAR AND WE CAN FINISH IN THE TOP 10!", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nTo all you BYU fans\u2026.This poll is something to keep football on peoples minds. If you look at the AP and Coaches Polls then you will really see the top teams in the country. Your all excited about a sports writers opinion\u2026..but I guess when you dont have much to look forward to; I catch your drift. Im sure with that wimpy schedule that they play you will make a decent bowl appearance but I still want to see you smiling after YALL bring your behinds to he SOUTHEAST and line up with a real football team", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nSEC what August 20, 2008 \u00b7 8:14 am\nHawaii, W. Illinois, Louisiana Monroe, Georgia Southern, Central Michigan, NORFOLK state, Troy, North Texas, Applachian state, Memphis, Samford (not Standford), SE Loisiana, M. Tennessee, Wofford, Duke. Wow!! a list of real out of conference powerhouses. Go get the SEC. Hope you sweep your non conference foes.\nOdd Lot Nicholson August 20, 2008 \u00b7 11:00 am\ndo you think ND doesn\u2019t play Clemson because Charlie Weis can\u2019t fit in death valley?\nBYU Fan August 20, 2008 \u00b7 11:07 am", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nSEC Fan: Your right, this poll doesn\u2019t really indicate anything more than a sportswriter\u2019s opinion; however, your precious AP and Coaches polls don\u2019t mean much either. All pre-season polls are merely speculation and nothing can really be determined until play actually begins. By the way, why are all you BCS league teams such elitists. A non-BCS team has a little success and all you want to do is trash talk", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nMy guess is that whatever team in the SEC you align yourself with didn\u2019t even make it in the top 20 and so now you\u2019ve resorted to calling yourself merely an \u201cSEC fan\u201d instead of indicating who your team because you\u2019re embarrassed to do so and are trying to cling on to whatever bits of menial success are left in your near future. So YALL have fun in the SOUTHEAST this season.", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nXenophon August 20, 2008 \u00b7 12:51 pm\nSEC teams play the following out-of-conference teams in 2008\u2026\nClemson, West Virginia, Texas, Miami (FL), Arizona State, Florida State, Louisville, and UCLA\nI believe these are considered \u201crespectable\u201d teams.\nFat Chuck Weis August 20, 2008 \u00b7 1:04 pm", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nOnly 10 more days until Ohio State! SEC fans are absolutely pathetic. They don\u2019t claim an individual team because there is only 1 good team in the SEC each year, so they just say \u201cSEC fan\u201d and then jump on a different bandwagon each year (see Florida 2006, LSU 2007, probably Georgia 2008).", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nTo tell the truth I hate flordia tennessee and south carolina. So by hearing that you should know I am a UGA fan. Born raised and graduated. We do have some cake walk out of conference games but 6 out of 12 teams in the top 25 each year. Come on now. I am a fan of one school and one conference\u2026I cant help both were picked to be on top. SEC will be on top with the toughest schedule at the end but I dont think my DAWGS will be. Good Luck to the DAWGS and THE SEC and the H3LL with everyone else", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nBYU Fan August 21, 2008 \u00b7 1:24 pm\nNice attitude SEC Fan. As a die hard college football fan, I can say that the BCS system and fans like you are what\u2019s wrong with the game today.\nSEC what? August 22, 2008 \u00b7 8:08 am", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nLet\u2019s make a conference that only schedules poorly talented football teams for out of conference play. Then when conference play starts all the teams will be undefeated and maintain their erroneous preseason rankings. Within the conference when teams play they stay ranked because they only lose to other ranked teams. This way no one really knows how good the conference is.\nAnd we will call it the SEC.\ndavid s August 22, 2008 \u00b7 4:06 pm", "The Quad Countdown: No. 11 Clemson - The New York Times\nsec bamaboys are back SEC is back in the drivers seat so we will see yall at the finish line\nK-C September 1, 2008 \u00b7 11:01 am\nHey Tigers, we just beat the hell out of you.Rammer Jammer Yellow Hammer give em hell ALABAMA!!!!\nMan of Troy: Catch the Fever\nThe Quad Countdown: No. 10 B.Y.U."]
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21113, 0.0106383], [21113, 21142, 0.13793103], [21142, 21176, 0.02941176], [21176, 21269, 0.03225806], [21269, 21302, 0.09090909], [21302, 21400, 0.13265306], [21400, 21429, 0.13793103], [21429, 21462, 0.21212121]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 21462, 0.37983948]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 21462, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 21462, 0.86967432]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 21462, -1408.68345395]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 21462, 3.02213376]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 21462, -424.10408243]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 21462, 301.0]]}"}
RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,498
http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/17/us/gallery/la-riots/index.html
Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots | CNN
["Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots | CNN\nRodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots\nUpdated 11:02 AM ET, Tue April 28, 2015\nPhotos: Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots\nFirefighters spray water on a burning building in south Los Angeles on April 30, 1992, a day after rioting broke out over the acquittal of four white police officers charged with assault and the use of excessive force on Rodney King.", "Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots | CNN\nA frame from the video made by George Holliday from his balcony shows Los Angeles police officers beating King after he was stopped for a traffic violation on March 3, 1991. The video shows King being struck by police batons more than 50 times. More than 20 officers were present at the scene, most from the LAPD. King suffered 11 fractures and other injuries in the beating.", "Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots | CNN\nOfficers Theodore J. Briseno, second from left, is escorted out of the courthouse on April 29, 1992 after being acquitted of all charges. Laurence M. Powell, right, was acquitted of all but one charge. Hours after the officers' acquittal, rioting and looting broke out in South Central Los Angeles.\nA news helicopter captures video of the beating of Reginald Denny, a white truck driver, after he was pulled from his vehicle. Gov. Pete Wilson declares a state of emergency and calls in National Guard troops.", "Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots | CNN\nA rioter breaks a glass door of the Criminal Courts building in downtown Los Angeles on April 29.\nA California Highway Patrol officer directs traffic around a shopping center engulfed in flames on April 30.\nRodney King pleads for rioters to end the violence during a news conference in front of his lawyer's office on May 1 saying, \"People, I just want to say, can we all get along? Can we get along? Can we stop making it horrible for the older people and the kids?\"", "Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots | CNN\nMore than 9,800 National Guard troops were called in to end the violence, which left 55 people dead and more than 2,000 injured.\nLooters target a shopping center in Los Angeles on April 30.\nA woman runs out of a store that has been heavily looted as the overhead sprinkler system is triggered on May 1. More than 700 retail stores were damaged during the riots.", "Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots | CNN\nPeople line the sidewalk across from a burned out apartment building that was destroyed in the violence. More than 1,100 buildings were destroyed or damaged during the riots.\nPatrick Simpson of Los Angeles points to the federal building in anger after two of the four officers were sentenced to 30 months in prison for violating King's civil rights.\nIn his book, \"The Riot Within: My Journey From Rebellion to Redemption,\" King writes about his experience during the riots and in the media spotlight.", "Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots | CNN\nKing gestures to supporters at an event in Los Angeles in April 2012. He was found dead on June 17 that same year, at the age of 47. His death was the result of accidental drowning, although alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and PCP found in his system were contributing factors, authorities said.\nThe riots stemmed from the acquittal of four white Los Angeles Police Department officers in the beating of black motorist Rodney King in 1991.\nWhat a government shutdown means for you", "Rodney King and the 1992 Los Angeles riots | CNN\nPolice: 13 people were held captive in California home\nHawaii has been preparing for a missile attack; now its credibility is under fire"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,502
http://www.utimes.pitt.edu/?p=1468
University Times » Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt’s dental school
["University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nFaculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nThomas W. Braun, the new dean of Pitt&apos;s School of Dental Medicine, says he plans to work with dental faculty in taking what he calls \"a very analytical look at where the school is now, and re-engineering the school as a nationally recognized, dominant force in dental education.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\n\"I plan to examine our curriculum, our admission standards, and our physical plant and logistics,\" said Braun, 52, who had been interim dean since last September, when Jon Suzuki announced he was stepping down. As executive dean, Braun had been administering the school on a day-to-day basis since spring 1999.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\n\"I&apos;m planning to develop several task forces through which faculty will participate and provide information to me about available resources, strengths and weaknesses, and what improvements are optimal and achievable,\" Braun said.\n\"I believe that we have remarkable potential as a school. Our faculty and students are very willing and anxious to contribute, and I think that is a great strength.\"", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nIn the past year, the school has become pre-eminent for genetics research, especially as related to the craniofacial complex, Braun said. \"We also are establishing a tissue engineering component in collaboration with other schools, and I anticipate the development of a geriatric dentistry center with emphasis on bone biology research.\"", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nAlso under development is an informatics program and collaborations with similar programs in the School of Medicine and UPMC Health System, Braun said. He also expects to continue expanding the school&apos;s efforts in oral cancer and dental public health.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nThe new dean said his school&apos;s most glaring weaknesses are its shortage of space and its antiquated pre-clinical laboratory, where first- and second-year students begin practicing clinical skills on mannequins. \"It&apos;s a very outdated facility, which translates into our school being unattractive to potential applicants,\" Braun said.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nUpgrading pre-clinical lab space \u2014 which the dean estimates will cost $2 million \u2014 is the school&apos;s No. 1 priority in the University&apos;s capital campaign, he said. \"We&apos;re also looking to develop more scholarships for our students. And we&apos;d love to get an endowed chair, which the school does not have at this time.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\n\"The funding is, of course, the big question,\" Braun said. \"In addition to raising funds through the capital campaign, I have had a genuine commitment from Dr. Levine that he would commit to providing the resources necessary to get the school where it needs to be. I&apos;m planning also to solicit gifts from dental alumni, whom I have found to be extraordinarily supportive and willing to participate during the last year.\"", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nAcademically, Braun said, Pitt&apos;s dental school has potential to meet the growing need for dental educators \u2014 \"not all of them Ph.D.s,\" he said, \"but essentially good, clinically trained dentists who can be strong researchers.\n\"Currently, there are about 300 open faculty positions in dental schools around the country. I would like to see our school address that need. We would be looking at maybe eight or 10 people out of a typical graduating class of 80 or 90 students.\"", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nSo far, rapid changes in third-party reimbursement through managed care have not hurt dentistry as much as they have medicine, Braun said. But that may change as dentistry is increasingly recognized as a part, rather than an offshoot, of medicine.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nHistorically, dentists (like surgeons) were looked down upon by physicians as being technicians at best and butchers at worst \u2014 witness the barbers who doubled as sawbones and tooth-pullers. But in the 19th century, medical schools began training surgeons even as dental schools were founded to teach dentistry as a distinct profession.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\n\"While things like heart diseases and ear, nose and throat diseases all became part of the medical curriculum, dentistry was sort of left on its own,\" Braun said. \"Well, I think it&apos;s becoming increasingly difficult to maintain that division.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\n\"More and more, oral health will be viewed as a part of total health,\" Braun predicted. \"We&apos;re already seeing that with dentists being trained to diagnose oral cancers. There&apos;s a lot of indication that we might be able to rapidly diagnose systemic diseases through swabs taken from the mouth.\"", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nThe mouth is an accessible orifice where treatment and research easily can be done, Braun noted. \"Very conceivably, we will be able to engineer gum and bone tissue to help us remain relatively young in our faces, jaws and teeth,\" he said.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nIn announcing Braun&apos;s appointment, Arthur Levine, senior vice chancellor for Health Sciences, said: \"Dr. Braun was the outstanding candidate for this position. He is known throughout the national dental community as a superb clinician, teacher, administrator and an outstanding leader in advancing research and practice in dental medicine", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nDuring his interim deanship, he has demonstrated an exceptional commitment to necessary change, the ability to develop a consensus that would allow change to be undertaken effectively and, most importantly, a true vision for the future of dental education, research and practice.\"", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nBraun&apos;s candidacy for dean brought an outpouring of support from colleagues at dental schools such as Harvard, Penn and Columbia, as well as endorsements from the local dental community, including faculty and alumni, according to Levine.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nDealing with the rapid evolution of dental research, teaching and practice \"will require profundity of thinking and decisive action to ensure that our school continues to ascend to national prominence,\" Levine continued. \"I have no question that Dr. Braun is committed to doing what will be best for the School of Dental Medicine. He will be steady at the helm as he navigates the school into the uncharted waters of health care in the 21st century, and I believe that students and faculty will find Dr", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nSupporters of Braun&apos;s predecessor, Jon Suzuki, said Suzuki made the school leaner and more efficient during his 10-year deanship. But Suzuki&apos;s faculty critics, who campaigned to oust him, contended that summary dismissals, transfers and intimidation marked Suzuki&apos;s leadership and led to poor morale and losses of faculty and research funding.\nOne of those critics, associate professor John Baker, called Braun \"a very good appointment\" who has healed divisions and managed the school well.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\n\"He listens to all sides of an issue, then makes his decision,\" said Baker, a dental school representative to Pitt&apos;s Faculty Assembly. \"I think if Dr. Levine gets behind Tom in terms of providing necessary resources, this will work out very well.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\n\"Tom is a graduate of the school, he knows the school&apos;s people and its problems. He knows the dental community,\" Baker said. \"The alumni were behind him very strongly. Also, Tom has a strong background as a clinical dental scholar, and that&apos;s important in a dean. You need someone who understands academics and the importance of research, and you can&apos;t question Tom&apos;s credentials in those areas.\"", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nA Pittsburgh native, Braun earned four degrees from Pitt: a B.S. in biology in 1969, a D.M.D. (summa cum laude) and an M.S. in pharmacology in 1973, and a Ph.D. in anatomy in 1977.", "University Times \u00bb Faculty and alumni support choice of Braun to head Pitt\u2019s dental school\nBraun completed his residency in oral and maxillofacial surgery at what is now UPMC Presbyterian. He became an instructor in the dental school&apos;s anatomy department in 1975. He was named associate professor and chairperson of the oral and maxillofacial surgery department in 1990 and associate dean for hospital affairs in 1991. He became a full professor in 1993 and senior associate dean in 1996."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,504
https://www.medjugorje.ws/en/articles/bishop-hnilica-not-ashamed-medjugorje/
Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!
["Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nBishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nOther languages: English, Fran\u00e7ais, Italiano\nCategory: Shepherds of Church , Medjugorje in the Catholic Church\nQuite to the contrary, Mons. Paul Hnilica was a courageous witness in the Church of the extraordinary grace of that blessed land. In 1997 he addressed a letter to Medjugorje-inspired prayer groups, a part of which we publish here to synthesize the immense value of the event known as Medjugorje.\nA Living Reality", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\n\u201cNo one can deny, even if some try, that the spiritual Movement of the Queen of Peace is a living part of the Church, born of a spirit of prayer, not of human initiative", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nThis river of light, peace and love for the Mother of God has generated prayer groups everywhere, has inspired conversions, and continues to heal and console the hearts of all those faithful who have found in the simplicity of the messages of the Queen of Peace authentic direction enabling them to rediscover the Gospel and to return to the heart of the Church.", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nThousands of priests and hundreds of bishops have celebrated Holy Mass, and dedicate a lot of time listening to the confessions of penitents who\u2019ve been trans-formed by Mary\u2019s motherly grace. Many of these have returned to their dioceses with the conviction that \u201cat Medjugorje people convert,\u201d and these conversions are being noticed by the Pastors because they are long-lasting conversions", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nSo many are the people who have experienced the presence of Mary at Medjugorje that they cannot be counted, just as the stories of spiritual and even physical healings can no longer be counted. Countless as well, are the vocations to the priesthood and consecrated life born of the grace of Medjugorje. These are just some of the main spiritual fruits which have brought many to the conclusion that the Queen of Peace is truly present in Medjugorje.", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nIn each of the continents there are many prayer groups inspired by the messages of the Queen of Peace, from whom they receive hope and consolation. These groups are a living Christian presence in the Church. The motherly presence of Mary helps us remember what happened at Guadalupe, Lourdes and Fatima and in other places of Marian apparitions", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nPrior to the apparitions of Mary these places were spiritual deserts, and after Mary\u2019s motherly visits they flourished with life; the people regained hope, they asked forgiveness and this produced the fruit of peace.", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nThe Queen of Peace came to Bosnia-Herzegovina with a message of peace and reconciliation for peoples which some years later were hurled into a hellish war. Her voice had cried out as though in a desert. She came to warn, to admonish and to plead, that her children might understand that without conversion of heart there could be no real peace. The peace in 1981 was apparent only, because ten years later the war broke out. But no one knew that", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nAt the time of the first apparitions it was not clear why in a land of peaceful cohabitation, Our Lady should speak of the need for urgent return to God as the means to obtain true peace. On 26th June 1981 she was seen crying before a large cross; on the 26th June 1991 the first bombs fell on the airport of Ljubljana in Slovenia.", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nThe message of Medjugorje \u2013 like that of Fatima \u2013 speaks of peace and conversion, nonetheless the journey of the Church is not an easy one. She shares the same destiny as that of the prophets: many conversions but also much persecution; much grace, but a great battle. Like the prophets it is only after much suffering and tribulations that men will come to understand its true importance", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nThe event of Medjugorje is taking place in a period of the history of mankind which is particularly threatened by the forces of Evil. Without the encounter with the Mother of Jesus there is no supernatural life, and this life is always threatened; there is always a Herod trying to suppress it.", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nIt is our conversion that decides the fate of mankind of the future. It is not the programmes, or meetings, or words that will change the world. The Queen of Peace has shown us the Highway that leads one to the conversion of heart. This way leads to the Cenacle, or Upper Room, and it is here that by means of prayer in communion with Mary, Bride of the Holy Spirit, we are able to acknowledge our sins, make penance and convert", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nWe must not be surprised if Satan tries many ways to destroy the supernatural fruits which have matured within the spiritual Movement of Medjugorje. As our defence we must sincerely love, serve and imitate our Queen and Mother of Peace by living her messages.", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nTo journey towards Mary and together with her to discover her Son: this spiritual journey, considered by many as a great blessing for the Church, does not create confusion. Confusion is the work of the Evil One. The Queen of Peace in her messages does not disorient, but rather, orients towards the truth of the Gospel, and Medjugorje itself has become for numerous pilgrims a place of reconciliation with the Church, not of separation from the Church", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nWe know that some speak out against Medjugorje, but this is not the first time that within the Church even bishops have expressed confl icting opinions about a supernatural intervention. Some years ago the Holy Father said: \u201cThe world is losing the supernatural, people are finding it at Medjugorje through prayer, fasting and the sacraments.\u201d", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nTimes of Universal \u201cTotus Tuus\u201d\nLet us unite our hearts to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Many of us have clearly un-derstood that these are Her times; the times announced at Fatima and confirmed by the message of Medjugorje! These are the times of the universal \u201cTotus tuus\u201d. The Queen of Peace wants us united in prayer as we trust-fully await the New Pentecost which will renew the face of the earth. Together with her, let us journey towards the Lord!\u201d\n(Paolo M. Hnilica, Vescovo)", "Bishop Hnilica - Not Ashamed of Medjugorje!\nSource: Echo of Mary ( www.ecodimaria.net )\nMedjugorje and Pope John Paul II -- An Interview with Bishop Hnilica ( News & Articles )"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,507
https://sentence.yourdictionary.com/pelusium
Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark
["Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark\nPelusium\nPelusium sentence example\nSeven days after the capture of Gaza Alexander was at Pelusium.\nPhilopator (51-47) and Cleopatra Philopator, Egyptian history coalesces with the general history of the Roman world, owing to the murder of Pompey off Pelusium in 48 and the Alexandrine War of Julius Caesar (48-47).\nAgain the garrisons in the chief cities, such as Sardis, Babylon, Memphis Pelusium and Susa, were under commands distinct from those of the provinces.", "Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark\nHaving taken Farama (Pelusium), he advanced to Misr, north of the ancient Memphis, and besieged it and the strong fortress of Babylon for seven months.\nThey succeeded in subjecting the other rebels, and, after a hard fight at Pelusium, and many intrigues, conquered Egypt (343); Nectanebus fled to Ethiopia.\nThus it came to be acknowledged by Athanasius, Isidore of Pelusium, Gregory of Nyssa, and others.", "Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark\nHe landed at Pelusium the day after the murder of Pompey, was immediately seized by Ptolemy, imprisoned, and put to death.\nHe reached Pelusium, but failed to cross the Nile.\nOn the formation of the Senate he was appointed a member of that body, with an ample provision and the title of count of Pelusium; but on the fall of Napoleon he was deprived of all his honours, and even excluded from the list of members of the reconstituted Institute.", "Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark\nAvaris is generally assigned to the region towards Pelusium on the strength of its being located in the Sethroite nome by Josephus, but Petrie thinks it was at Tell el-Yahudiyeh (Yehudia), where Hyksos scarabs are common.\nThe inhabitants of Pelusium in lower Egypt, who worshipped the onion, are said to have held both it and garlic in aversion as food.", "Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark\nOf the ancient cities in the Delta there are remains, among others, of Sais, Iseum, Tanis, Bubastis, Onion, Sebennytus, Pithom, Pelusium, and of the Greek cities Naucratis and Daphnae.\nIn the north of the Delta wherever salt marshes have prevented cultivation in modern times, the mounds, such as those of Pelusium, still stand to their full height, and the more important are covered with ruins of brick structures of Byzantine and Arab date.", "Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark\nThe roads to Syria skirted the east border of the Delta and then followed the coast from near Pelusium through El Arish and Gaza.\nNotwithstanding, the Assyrian king entrusted the government and collection of tribute to the native chiefs; twenty princes in all are enumerated in the records, including one Assyrian to hold the key of Egypt at Pelusium.", "Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark\nWe next hear that correspondence with Tirhaka was intercepted, and that Necho, together with Pekrflr of Psapt (at the entrance to the Wadi Tumilat) and the Assyrian governor of Pelusium, was taken to Nineveh in chains to answer the charge of treason.\nIn self defence, therefore, Antiochus advanced through Palestine and defeated the Egyptian army near Pelusium on the frontier.\nIn the decisive battle at Pelusium the Egyptians were beaten, and shortly afterwards Memphis was taken.", "Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark\nPelusium (\"the muddy\") is the Farama of the Arabs, Peremoun in Coptic; the name Tina which clings to the locality seems etymologically connected with the Arabic word for clay or mud.\nWhen he abandoned the siege and returned to Syria, Philometor, whom he had established at Memphis, was reconciled with his brother, being convinced of his protector's duplicity by the fact that he left a Syrian garrison in Pelusium.\nAntiochus IV", "Pelusium - Ancient Egyptian City and Historical Landmark\nAntiochus IV (ca. 215-163 B.C.), called Epiphanes, or \"God on Earth,\" was a king of Syria. He attempted to impose Hellenic culture on the Jews and thus precipitated the rebellion of the Maccabees."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,510
https://essays.primewritings.com/review/carlos-eire.php
Custom Essay on "Carlos Eire"
["Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nCarlos Eire in his video uploaded by Darien Library (2012) is addressing the Parag audience about the relationship between memory and history. The main characters in his book Learning to die are Charles (Carlos) and his brother, the two Jewish families to which the brothers were sent to receive foster care. Carlos Eire had given a speech about his and his brother\u2019s lives as Cuban kids in exile, separated from their parents and sent to camps, following their destiny to a foster care with strangers", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nThe life of an eleven year old child is surrounded by the innocence of childhood, which is then turned and twisted around in the midst of limbos and uncertainties.", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nThis is the life of a refugee. A refugee is a person, who flees his country or place of residence due to unpredictable and severe fear of persecution, from an individual or groups of individuals who endanger that person. The autobiography of Carlos Eire portrays him as an eleven year old child, in 1962, in a refugee camp, where he was shunned under the Castro\u2019s Government. When the kids arrive to the air lift, they were taken to the camp", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nCarlos and his brother ended up with different foster families, living around 20 blocks apart in Miami, to 2 wonderful, loving Jewish families. As Cuban kids, they were put into classroom, where the teacher\u2019s entire day was devoted teaching us English. Real classrooms, as Carlos describes the strictness of the teachers and a showed them one step ahead in the practical world.", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nChapter 9 of the \u201cLearning to die in Miami\u201d by Carlos Eire as mentioned in an article by Ligyaa Mishan (2011). Carlos as a little boy was named Charles in that book, and when American kids asked Carlos to teach them bad worlds in Spanish, he taught them words like berengas (egg plant); learning bad words in Spanish, and uttering bad words, was a sin, according to the First Commandment, as Charles thought", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nThere was really nothing he could do about it, as the American kids used to tease him, fight with him, call him names, and if he would have refused, they would pester him, and make fun of his Spanish accent. Despite his difficulties, Charles was dealing with these kids, without imposing an adult\u2019s guile or emotions. This demonstrates that Charles was a brave, voracious and a lively little boy, who wanted to experience his new life, in Miami, as an immigrant.", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nAs an immigrant, Charles was faced with verbal discrimination. The real Americans forced Charles to go to church, as his 12th birthday was approaching. \u201cMy exile experience to my adult life\u201d, said Carlos addressing the Parag in Czech Republic.\nThese were some memoirs of Carlos\u2019 elementary school in Miami. Heaven and hell intersect all the time in Miami. According to Carlos in Parag speech,", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nIn the midst of the bureaucratic error of Fidel Castro, many people have suffered exile in their own country which disowned them. Eire as Charles got separated from his mother during the missile crisis. Charles used to say, \u201cEnglish is a weapon he hopes will kill the Cuban in me\u201d according to Ligaya Mishan (2011).", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nThe two brothers were left stranded without their mother and were ill treated by the Jewish family. Charles character mainly reformed from his childhood to adulthood, when he addressed the Parag audience that entering into exile at the age of 10 was similar to have reincarnation and being born again. Carlos related the end of childhood as a death and then rebirth when entering into adulthood. Despite their difficult times, Charles had stayed steady and confident", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nAccording to Ligaya Mishan (2011), this book have seen turn around with numerous flashbacks, such as six years later, he got married and then divorced, and 18 years later, a get together with cousins, and 43 years later, his mother passed away in the Chicago hospital.", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nWhile discussing and relating his personal life to his past events and experiences, he was pretty jolly and happy about it. Today, he is a successful professor of history and religious university at the Yale University, writing about spiritual matters as explained by Ligaya Mishan (2011). He stood very successful in relating to the audience, and by telling every little detail of the two books, he was being very polite, very delightful and very excited", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nIt seemed like; Carlos never wanted to grow older as he related adulthood as the ultimate eater of childhood. But, that is not always the case. He was such a courageous boy that he let the bullying of the American kids continue , which made him realize the real world for a child in exile; life is not that easy as he thought it would be for a refugee.", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nJerry Bauer (2003) has stated in his article that in the Fidel Castro\u2019s regime, Carlos Eire had to give up his idealistic and privileged childhood in Havana and move to the US. Carlo\u2019s father had always dreamt about himself as King Louis XVI of France and was convinced that he(father) had been reincarnated only to be the King Louis XVI of France; according to Carlos, his mother had been dreaming about the angels, fine silk or flowers.", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nThe family had been leading a fairly good life in Havana, Cuba where Carlos had always been a free bird; less worries and stress. However, when one morning, Carlo\u2019s father read the news that a guy named Batista had fled out of Havana, due to the rebels\u2019 atrocities, Carlos was shocked and did not believe him, but Carlo\u2019s mother reassured him that was the reality and forbade him from stepping outside that very day.", "Custom Essay on Carlos Eire\nOne day, he saw a lizard, moving freely and happily all over the ceiling and walls. Jerry Bauer(2003)He envied them as he thought that there were no worries of country, war, atrocities, education, money or wisdom for them and that lizard\u2019s abode was more secure than any human on earth.\nAnatomy of an Illness as Perceived by the Patient\nQueer Things in Harry Potter Series\nConvergence of Two Ends: Reading and Writing\nGet Sick and Go Broke\nAugust Wilson\u2019s The Piano Lesson\nInterpersonal Adaptation"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,516
https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/painted-prosperity
Painted Prosperity: Three views of Liverpool in the Art &amp; Sea gallery
["Painted Prosperity: Three views of Liverpool in the Art &amp; Sea gallery\nPainted prosperity\nThe 19th century is a period that fascinates me, Stephen Guy, and it was a particularly exciting time in Liverpool.\nThree remarkable views of Liverpool in Merseyside Maritime Museum\u2019s Art & the Sea gallery show the port at three stages of its development in the halcyon years of the century.", "Painted Prosperity: Three views of Liverpool in the Art &amp; Sea gallery\n'A View of Liverpool about 1815' by John Jenkinson is seen from between New Brighton and Seacombe. My great-great-grandfather Henry Guy was a 17-year-old in Liverpool at that time. He was a bookbinder and later a labourer who married three times before his death in 1864.\nA new era dawned in 1815 with the end of the Napoleonic wars, leaving Britain the unchallenged master of the seas for nearly a century. Liverpool was among the ports that benefited most.", "Painted Prosperity: Three views of Liverpool in the Art &amp; Sea gallery\nJenkinson shows Liverpool framed between two groups of sailing ships. At this time the river was still a great source of food - a boy with a dog walks with a man carrying a shrimping net.\n'The Port of Liverpool 1836' by Samuel Walters is a finely-detailed view from the river on a stormy day. It is so realistic that you can almost feel the howling wind coming out of the canvas.", "Painted Prosperity: Three views of Liverpool in the Art &amp; Sea gallery\nSeveral sailing ships and a rowing boat are struggling against a northerly gale during the high waters of a spring tide. A lone steamship can be seen in the middle distance. The long wall of Princes Dock, built in 1821, has a forest of masts behind it.\n'Liverpool Landing Stage 1893' by WF Preston is an evening view of the Pier Head waterfront with a ferry about to leave for Woodside.", "Painted Prosperity: Three views of Liverpool in the Art &amp; Sea gallery\nThis was a panorama well known to my grandfather, Roger Bolland Guy, who had married May Kendrick in 1891. They had nine children, my father George being the youngest. Roger ended his working life as a ceremonial porter at Liverpool Town Hall.\nThe landing stage with its covered walkways was the largest floating structure in the world when it was built in 1876. It was designed to float so that ferries and other passenger ships could berth at any stage of the tide.", "Painted Prosperity: Three views of Liverpool in the Art &amp; Sea gallery\nThe stage existed until the 1960s and I remember it very well with its large crowds of commuters, excursionists and holidaymakers.\nAlso featured in the painting are the colonnaded public baths, demolished in 1907.\nMerseyside Maritime Museum is open seven days a week, admission free. A new Maritime Tale appears every Saturday in the Liverpool Echo."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,505
http://vault217.gmu.edu/?p=6453
Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217
["Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nCharles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker\nMay 5, 2017 Brittney Falter\nThis post was written by Leanne Fortney, who began working with us in March as a Graduate Student Assistant within Research Services. Her main responsibilities are safeguarding our materials and assisting patrons with their research needs. She is a mother of two working on her MA in Art History with an interest in U.S. modern art between World War I and World War II.", "Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nIn the United States, the Civil War created such a great demand for patriotic propaganda. Printmakers, such as Charles Magnus, produced over a thousand illustrations within the course of the war", "Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nThis entire Northern Virginia Civil War images collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie\u2019s Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper\u2019s Weekly. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War", "Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nThe maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.", "Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nMagnus\u2019s Civil War illustrations depicted scenes of civil war camps, battles, and portraits of military officials, but he specialized primarily in decorative patriotic stationary such as cards and envelopes. Although pictorial images comprise the majority of the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike", "Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nMaps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century. Magnus\u2019s lithograph series entitled, \u201cBird\u2019s Eye View of Alexandria, Va\u201d, are illustrated on well-preserved envelopes that are no larger than 3 inches by 5 inches and include a few that are hand colored! In 1798, German inventor, Alois Senefelder, created an innovated and revolutionary printmaking process that is now known as lithography", "Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nLithography allows for artists to produce an unlimited set of images. This enabled Magnus to keep up with the high demands for his patriotic illustrations.", "Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nIllustrations like these have been created and used by the public to highlight news events, political satire, coverage of wars, marriages, and even celebrity (like Kings, Queens, Popes, etc.) outings. The practice of creating woodblock prints has been around since at least 220 C.E. with the Han Dynasty. Eventually, through the use of removable type and the invention of the printing press, artists were able to distribute their images over an even larger population.", "Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nTo search the collections held at Special Collections Research Center, go to our website and browse the finding aids by subject or title. You may also e-mail us at [email protected] or call 703-993-2220 if you would like to schedule an appointment, request materials, or if you have questions. Appointments are not necessary to request and view collections.\nFairfax HistorySCRC interestSCRC PicksVirginiaVirginiana", "Charles Magnus, Patriotic Civil War Propaganda Printmaker - Vault217\nPrevious Previous post: The C-SPAN Chronicles: Part II \u2013 Unique Finds \u2013 Processing is Like A Box of Chocolates: You Never Know What You\u2019re Gonna Get\nNext Next post: New Rare Books in the Spotlight"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,506
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/ohovtn/uf00090045/00012
UF Digital Collections
["UF Digital Collections\nThe Overtown Oral History Collection is a collection within the Miscellaneous Oral History Collections from of the Samuel Proctor Oral History Program. The Samuel Proctor Oral History program is an affiliated program of the University of Florida's Department of History. Its collections include approximately 4,000 interviews and more than 85,000 pages of transcribed material, making it the largest oral history archive in the South and one of the major collections in the country", "UF Digital Collections\nThe transcribed interviews are available for use by research scholars, students, journalists, genealogists, and other interested groups. Researchers have used our oral history material for theses, dissertations, articles, and books. Digitization of the collection has been funded in part by the generous donation of Caleb and Michele Grimes."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,508
http://www.jefferson.edu/university/campus-life/life-in-philly.html
Philadelphia
["Philadelphia\nHome Campus Life Life in Philly\nSection menu for Campus Life\nCampus Library\nLife in Philly\nOffice of Student Life & Engagement\nAbout Philadelphia", "Philadelphia\nWhen people think Philadelphia, they imagine the Declaration of Independence, Rocky and passionate sports fans, but the city offers a variety of attractions, culture, entertainment and activities that are sure to bring a smile to your face. Eat at the outdoor cafes along Rittenhouse Square or walk the cobblestone streets in historical Old City and visit the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall", "Philadelphia\nAt night explore Market Street\u2019s buzzing bars and boutiques or catch a concert at one of the many venues throughout the city. In Philadelphia, you can find almost anything and everything in just a few minutes' walk.", "Philadelphia\nThe City of Brotherly Love is one of the most ethnically integrated cities in the United States. It is home to a diverse population that lends its many unique qualities to the culture, food and style of the city.", "Philadelphia\nSome residents choose to live in the city for the ease and convenience of living near Thomas Jefferson University and the immediate access to diverse entertainment. However, Philadelphia\u2019s suburbs do not lack entertainment opportunities. Some of the best restaurants are located just a few minutes away from Center City, and the surrounding areas are home to many smaller clubs, bars, bookstores and coffee houses.\nLearn more about Philadelphia and the surrounding areas.", "Philadelphia\nThe Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) connects inner Philadelphia with the surrounding suburbs. Utilizing trains, buses and the subway, you\u2019re always a short trip away from Thomas Jefferson University or the bustling suburbs around it.", "Philadelphia\nFor longer distance trips, Amtrak (1-800-USA-RAIL) and Greyhound/Trailways (1-800-231-2222) buses each have stops inside the city, making it easy to travel up and down the East Coast. Amtrak trains leave from 30th Street Station and the bus terminal can be found at 10th and Filbert Streets behind the Gallery.\nNeed to get somewhere and don\u2019t have time to work around bus or train schedules? Philadelphia\u2019s two major taxi companies are Yellow Cab (215-922-8400) and United Cab (215-625-2881).", "Philadelphia\nBUS - Schedules are available at the SEPTA website, the office at 1234 Market Street, the Gallery at Market East, and from the bus drivers. Routes and schedules change often.\nSUBWAY - There are two main subway lines: the north and southbound Broad Street line and the east and westbound Market Street-Frankford line. The Broad Street line station nearest Jefferson is on Broad Street between Walnut and Locust Streets. The Market Street-Frankford line can be accessed near us at 11th and Market Streets.", "Philadelphia\nREGIONAL RAIL LINES - Trains travel to many of the Philadelphia suburbs and Philadelphia International Airport, leaving from Market East Station at 11th and Market Streets, just a few blocks from campus.\nPATCO - This high-speed line travels to and from New Jersey. The PATCO station nearest campus is at 10th and Locust Streets.\nFind recommendations for where to go and what to do when you visit Philadelphia.\nLearn more about Around the City", "Philadelphia\nIf dorm-life is not for you, we want to help you find safe off-campus housing.\nLearn more about Off-Campus Housing\nOur central location makes it easy for students to commute to campus by public transportation.\nLearn more about Commuters"]
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https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/lawreview/vol49/iss3/16/
"CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst" by St. John's Law Review
["CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst by St. John's Law Review\nSt. John's Law Review\nHome > Journals > LAWREVIEW > Vol. 49 > No. 3 (1975)\nCPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconstitutional\nRecent Development in New York Law\nSt. John's Law Review (2012) \"CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconstitutional,\" St. John's Law Review: Vol. 49 : No. 3 , Article 16.\nAvailable at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/lawreview/vol49/iss3/16\nCurrent Editorial Board", "CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst by St. John's Law Review\nAll Issues Vol. 91, No. 1 Vol. 90, No. 4 Vol. 90, No. 3 Vol. 90, No. 2 Vol. 90, No. 1 Vol. 89, No. 4 Vol. 89, No. 2 Vol. 89, No. 1 Vol. 88, No. 4 Vol. 88, No. 3 Vol. 88, No. 2 Vol. 88, No. 1 Vol. 87, No. 4 Vol. 87, No. 2 Vol. 87, No. 1 Vol. 86, No. 3 Vol. 86, No. 2 Vol. 86, No. 1 Vol. 85, No. 4 Vol. 85, No. 3 Vol. 85, No. 2 Vol. 85, No. 1 Vol. 84, No. 5 Vol. 84, No. 4 Vol. 84, No. 3 Vol. 84, No. 2 Vol. 84, No. 1 Vol. 83, No. 4 Vol. 83, No. 3 Vol. 83, No. 2 Vol. 83, No. 1 Vol. 82, No. 4 Vol. 82, No. 3 Vol", "CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst by St. John's Law Review\n82, No. 2 Vol. 82, No. 1 Vol. 81, No. 4 Vol. 81, No. 3 Vol. 81, No. 1 Vol. 80, No. 4 Vol. 80, No. 3 Vol. 80, No. 2 Vol. 80, No. 1 Vol. 79, No. 4 Vol. 79, No. 3 Vol. 79, No. 2 Vol. 79, No. 1 Vol. 78, No. 4 Vol. 78, No. 3 Vol. 78, No. 2 Vol. 78, No. 1 Vol. 77, No. 4 Vol. 77, No. 3 Vol. 77, No. 2 Vol. 77, No. 1 Vol. 76, No. 4 Vol. 76, No. 3 Vol. 76, No. 2 Vol. 76, No. 1 Vol. 75, No. 4 Vol. 75, No. 3 Vol. 75, No. 2 Vol. 75, No. 1 Vol. 74, No. 4 Vol. 74, No. 3 Vol. 74, No. 2 Vol. 74, No. 1 Vol. 73, No. 4 Vol", "CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst by St. John's Law Review\n73, No. 3 Vol. 73, No. 2 Vol. 73, No. 1 Vol. 72, No. 3 Vol. 72, No. 2 Vol. 72, No. 1 Vol. 71, No. 4 Vol. 71, No. 3 Vol. 71, No. 2 Vol. 71, No. 1 Vol. 70, No. 4 Vol. 70, No. 3 Vol. 70, No. 2 Vol. 70, No. 1 Vol. 69, No. 3 Vol. 69, No. 1 Vol. 68, No. 4 Vol. 68, No. 3 Vol. 68, No. 2 Vol. 68, No. 1 Vol. 67, No. 4 Vol. 67, No. 3 Vol. 67, No. 2 Vol. 67, No. 1 Vol. 66, No. 4 Vol. 66, No. 3 Vol. 66, No. 2 Vol. 66, No. 1 Vol. 65, No. 4 Vol. 65, No. 3 Vol. 65, No. 2 Vol. 65, No. 1 Vol. 64, No. 4 Vol. 64, No. 3 Vol", "CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst by St. John's Law Review\n64, No. 2 Vol. 64, No. 1 Vol. 63, No. 4 Vol. 63, No. 3 Vol. 63, No. 2 Vol. 63, No. 1 Vol. 62, No. 4 Vol. 62, No. 3 Vol. 62, No. 2 Vol. 62, No. 1 Vol. 61, No. 4 Vol. 61, No. 3 Vol. 61, No. 2 Vol. 61, No. 1 Vol. 60, No. 4 Vol. 60, No. 3 Vol. 60, No. 2 Vol. 60, No. 1 Vol. 59, No. 4 Vol. 59, No. 3 Vol. 59, No. 2 Vol. 59, No. 1 Vol. 58, No. 4 Vol. 58, No. 3 Vol. 58, No. 2 Vol. 58, No. 1 Vol. 57, No. 4 Vol. 57, No. 3 Vol. 57, No. 2 Vol. 57, No. 1 Vol. 56, No. 4 Vol. 56, No. 3 Vol. 56, No. 2 Vol. 56, No. 1 Vol", "CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst by St. John's Law Review\n55, No. 4 Vol. 55, No. 3 Vol. 55, No. 2 Vol. 55, No. 1 Vol. 54, No. 4 Vol. 54, No. 3 Vol. 54, No. 2 Vol. 54, No. 1 Vol. 53, No. 4 Vol. 53, No. 3 Vol. 53, No. 2 Vol. 53, No. 1 Vol. 52, No. 4 Vol. 52, No. 3 Vol. 52, No. 2 Vol. 52, No. 1 Vol. 51, No. 4 Vol. 51, No. 3 Vol. 51, No. 2 Vol. 51, No. 1 Vol. 50, No. 4 Vol. 50, No. 3 Vol. 50, No. 2 Vol. 50, No. 1 Vol. 49, No. 4 Vol. 49, No. 3 Vol. 49, No. 2 Vol. 49, No. 1 Vol. 48, No. 4 Vol. 48, No. 3 Vol. 48, No. 2 Vol. 48, No. 1 Vol. 47, No. 4 Vol. 47, No. 3 Vol", "CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst by St. John's Law Review\n47, No. 2 Vol. 47, No. 1 Vol. 46, No. 4 Vol. 46, No. 3 Vol. 46, No. 2 Vol. 46, No. 1 Vol. 45, No. 4 Vol. 45, No. 3 Vol. 45, No. 2 Vol. 45, No. 1 Vol. 44, No. 5 Vol. 44, No. 4 Vol. 44, No. 3 Vol. 44, No. 2 Vol. 44, No. 1 Vol. 43, No. 4 Vol. 43, No. 3 Vol. 43, No. 2 Vol. 43, No. 1 Vol. 42, No. 4 Vol. 42, No. 3 Vol. 42, No. 2 Vol. 42, No. 1 Vol. 41, No. 4 Vol. 41, No. 3 Vol. 41, No. 2 Vol. 41, No. 1 Vol. 40, No. 2 Vol. 40, No. 1 Vol. 39, No. 2 Vol. 39, No. 1 Vol. 38, No. 2 Vol. 38, No. 1 Vol. 37, No. 2 Vol", "CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst by St. John's Law Review\n37, No. 1 Vol. 36, No. 2 Vol. 36, No. 1 Vol. 35, No. 2 Vol. 35, No. 1 Vol. 34, No. 2 Vol. 34, No. 1 Vol. 33, No. 2 Vol. 33, No. 1 Vol. 32, No. 2 Vol. 32, No. 1 Vol. 31, No. 2 Vol. 31, No. 1 Vol. 30, No. 2 Vol. 30, No. 1 Vol. 29, No. 2 Vol. 29, No. 1 Vol. 28, No. 2 Vol. 28, No. 1 Vol. 27, No. 2 Vol. 27, No. 1 Vol. 26, No. 2 Vol. 26, No. 1 Vol. 25, No. 2 Vol. 25, No. 1 Vol. 24, No. 2 Vol. 24, No. 1 Vol. 23, No. 2 Vol. 23, No. 1 Vol. 22, No. 2 Vol. 22, No. 1 Vol. 21, No. 2 Vol. 21, No. 1 Vol. 20, No. 2 Vol", "CPLR 6201: Federal Court Declares New York's Attachment Staute Unconst by St. John's Law Review\n20, No. 1 Vol. 19, No. 2 Vol. 19, No. 1 Vol. 18, No. 2 Vol. 18, No. 1 Vol. 17, No. 2 Vol. 17, No. 1 Vol. 16, No. 2 Vol. 16, No. 1 Vol. 15, No. 2 Vol. 15, No. 1 Vol. 14, No. 2 Vol. 14, No. 1 Vol. 13, No. 2 Vol. 13, No. 1 Vol. 12, No. 2 Vol. 12, No. 1 Vol. 11, No. 2 Vol. 11, No. 1 Vol. 10, No. 2 Vol. 10, No. 1 Vol. 9, No. 2 Vol. 9, No. 1 Vol. 8, No. 2 Vol. 8, No. 1 Vol. 7, No. 2 Vol. 7, No. 1 Vol. 6, No. 2 Vol. 6, No. 1 Vol. 5, No. 2 Vol. 5, No. 1 Vol. 4, No. 2 Vol. 4, No. 1 Vol. 3, No. 2 Vol. 3, No. 1 Vol"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,515
https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/tcl/vol8/iss2/11/
"Obscenity in the Mails; Privileged Communications; The Law Against Con"
["Obscenity in the Mails; Privileged Communications; The Law Against Con\nThe Catholic Lawyer\nHome > Journals > TCL > Vol. 8 > No. 2 (1962)\nObscenity in the Mails; Privileged Communications; The Law Against Contraceptives; The Rights of Prisoners\n(2016) \"Obscenity in the Mails; Privileged Communications; The Law Against Contraceptives; The Rights of Prisoners,\" The Catholic Lawyer: Vol. 8 : No. 2 , Article 11.\nAvailable at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/tcl/vol8/iss2/11\nCivil Rights and Discrimination Commons, First Amendment Commons, Religion Commons", "Obscenity in the Mails; Privileged Communications; The Law Against Con\nAll Issues Vol. 43, No. 2 Vol. 43, No. 1 Vol. 42, No. 2 Vol. 42, No. 1 Vol. 41, No. 4 Vol. 41, No. 3 Vol. 41, No. 2 Vol. 41, No. 1 Vol. 40, No. 4 Vol. 40, No. 3 Vol. 40, No. 2 Vol. 40, No. 1 Vol. 39, No. 4 Vol. 39, No. 2 Vol. 39, No. 1 Vol. 38, No. 4 Vol. 38, No. 3 Vol. 38, No. 2 Vol. 38, No. 1 Vol. 37, No. 4 Vol. 37, No. 3 Vol. 37, No. 2 Vol. 37, No. 1 Vol. 36, No. 4 Vol. 36, No. 3 Vol. 36, No. 2 Vol. 36, No. 1 Vol. 35, No. 4 Vol. 35, No. 3 Vol. 35, No. 2 Vol. 35, No. 1 Vol. 34, No. 2 Vol. 33, No. 4 Vol", "Obscenity in the Mails; Privileged Communications; The Law Against Con\n33, No. 3 Vol. 33, No. 2 Vol. 33, No. 1 Vol. 32, No. 4 Vol. 32, No. 3 Vol. 32, No. 2 Vol. 32, No. 1 Vol. 31, No. 4 Vol. 31, No. 3 Vol. 31, No. 2 Vol. 31, No. 1 Vol. 30, No. 4 Vol. 30, No. 3 Vol. 30, No. 2 Vol. 30, No. 1 Vol. 29, No. 4 Vol. 29, No. 3 Vol. 29, No. 2 Vol. 29, No. 1 Vol. 28, No. 4 Vol. 28, No. 3 Vol. 28, No. 2 Vol. 28, No. 1 Vol. 27, No. 4 Vol. 27, No. 3 Vol. 27, No. 2 Vol. 27, No. 1 Vol. 26, No. 4 Vol. 26, No. 3 Vol. 26, No. 2 Vol. 26, No. 1 Vol. 25, No. 4 Vol. 25, No. 3 Vol. 25, No. 2 Vol", "Obscenity in the Mails; Privileged Communications; The Law Against Con\n25, No. 1 Vol. 24, No. 4 Vol. 24, No. 3 Vol. 24, No. 2 Vol. 24, No. 1 Vol. 23, No. 4 Vol. 23, No. 3 Vol. 23, No. 2 Vol. 23, No. 1 Vol. 22, No. 4 Vol. 22, No. 3 Vol. 22, No. 2 Vol. 22, No. 1 Vol. 21, No. 4 Vol. 21, No. 3 Vol. 21, No. 2 Vol. 21, No. 1 Vol. 20, No. 4 Vol. 20, No. 3 Vol. 20, No. 2 Vol. 20, No. 1 Vol. 19, No. 4 Vol. 19, No. 3 Vol. 19, No. 2 Vol. 19, No. 1 Vol. 18, No. 4 Vol. 18, No. 3 Vol. 18, No. 2 Vol. 18, No. 1 Vol. 17, No. 4 Vol. 17, No. 3 Vol. 17, No. 2 Vol. 17, No. 1 Vol. 16, No. 4 Vol", "Obscenity in the Mails; Privileged Communications; The Law Against Con\n16, No. 3 Vol. 16, No. 2 Vol. 16, No. 1 Vol. 15, No. 4 Vol. 15, No. 3 Vol. 15, No. 2 Vol. 15, No. 1 Vol. 14, No. 4 Vol. 14, No. 3 Vol. 14, No. 2 Vol. 14, No. 1 Vol. 13, No. 4 Vol. 13, No. 3 Vol. 13, No. 2 Vol. 13, No. 1 Vol. 12, No. 4 Vol. 12, No. 3 Vol. 12, No. 2 Vol. 12, No. 1 Vol. 11, No. 4 Vol. 11, No. 3 Vol. 11, No. 2 Vol. 11, No. 1 Vol. 10, No. 4 Vol. 10, No. 3 Vol. 10, No. 2 Vol. 10, No. 1 Vol. 9, No. 4 Vol. 9, No. 3 Vol. 9, No. 2 Vol. 9, No. 1 Vol. 8, No. 4 Vol. 8, No. 3 Vol. 8, No. 2 Vol. 8, No", "Obscenity in the Mails; Privileged Communications; The Law Against Con\n1 Vol. 7, No. 4 Vol. 7, No. 3 Vol. 7, No. 2 Vol. 7, No. 1 Vol. 6, No. 4 Vol. 6, No. 3 Vol. 6, No. 2 Vol. 6, No. 1 Vol. 5, No. 4 Vol. 5, No. 3 Vol. 5, No. 2 Vol. 5, No. 1 Vol. 4, No. 4 Vol. 4, No. 3 Vol. 4, No. 2 Vol. 4, No. 1 Vol. 3, No. 4 Vol. 3, No. 3 Vol. 3, No. 2 Vol. 3, No. 1 Vol. 2, No. 4 Vol. 2, No. 3 Vol. 2, No. 2 Vol. 2, No. 1 Vol. 1, No. 4 Vol. 1, No. 3 Vol. 1, No. 2 Vol. 1, No. 1"]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,514
https://cmuhistory.cmich.edu/cgi-bin/cmuhistory?a=d&d=CMULight198501-01.1.9
Centralight January 1985 — Central Michigan University History
["Centralight January 1985 \u2014 Central Michigan University History\nCentralight\nCentralight, January 1985\nCentral Michigan University Alumni Association, etc.\nCentral Michigan University -- Periodicals; Central Michigan University. Alumni Association -- Periodicals.\nCopyright Central Michigan University. This material is copyrighted and any further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without the permission of the copyright owner.", "Centralight January 1985 \u2014 Central Michigan University History\nAn issue of a quarterly newsletter for Central Michigan University's alumni. Also known as CMU centralight. Publication began in approximately 1930. Published by various departments of Central Michigan University and the Central Michigan University Alumni Association. Includes some special issues."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,517
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/1999/03/02/99-4576/amendment-to-national-standards-of-performance-for-steel-plants-electric-arc-furnaces-constructed
Federal Register :: Request Access
["Federal Register :: Request Access\nAmendment to National Standards of Performance for Steel Plants: Electric Arc Furnaces Constructed After October 21, 1974, and On or Before August 17, 1983, and Electric Arc Furnaces Constructed After August 17, 1983\nA Rule by the Environmental Protection Agency on 03/02/1999", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nThis rule will be effective without further notice on May 3, 1999 unless the Agency receives adverse comments by April 1, 1999. Should the Agency receive such comments, it will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register informing the public that this rule will not take effect", "Federal Register :: Request Access\nIf a public hearing is requested, the comment period will end 30 days after the date of the public hearing, in which case EPA will publish a document in the Federal Register announcing the hearing information and the extended comment period."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,525
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/413/contents/made
The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) (Amendment) Regulations 2008
["The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) (Amendment) Regulations 2008\nThe Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) (Amendment) Regulations 2008\n1.Citation, commencement and extent\n2.Amendment of the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations 2007", "The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) (Amendment) Regulations 2008\nExplanatory Memorandum sets out a brief statement of the purpose of a Statutory Instrument and provides information about its policy objective and policy implications. They aim to make the Statutory Instrument accessible to readers who are not legally qualified and accompany any Statutory Instrument or Draft Statutory Instrument laid before Parliament from June 2004 onwards."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,518
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654945
Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience - PubMed
["Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience - PubMed\nWorld Psychiatry. 2012 Jun;11(2):123-8.\nPeer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience.\nDavidson L1, Bellamy C, Guy K, Miller R.\nProgram for Recovery and Community Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 319 Peck Street, Building 1, New Haven, CT 06513, USA.", "Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience - PubMed\nPeer support is largely considered to represent a recent advance in community mental health, introduced in the 1990s as part of the mental health service user movement. Actually, peer support has its roots in the moral treatment era inaugurated by Pussin and Pinel in France at the end of the 18th century, and has re-emerged at different times throughout the history of psychiatry", "Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience - PubMed\nIn its more recent form, peer support is rapidly expanding in a number of countries and, as a result, has become the focus of considerable research. Thus far, there is evidence that peer staff providing conventional mental health services can be effective in engaging people into care, reducing the use of emergency rooms and hospitals, and reducing substance use among persons with co-occurring substance use disorders", "Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience - PubMed\nWhen providing peer support that involves positive self-disclosure, role modeling, and conditional regard, peer staff have also been found to increase participants' sense of hope, control, and ability to effect changes in their lives; increase their self-care, sense of community belonging, and satisfaction with various life domains; and decrease participants' level of depression and psychosis."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,519
http://ee.hawaii.edu/faculty/detail.php?usr=76
UH Electrical & Computer Engineering
["UH Electrical & Computer Engineering\nRui Zhang\nHome > Faculty > Zhang\nOffice: Holmes 444\nRui Zhang received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Arizona State University in 2013. He received the B.E. degree in Communication Engineering and the M.E. degree in Communication and Information Systems both from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China, in 2001 and 2005, respectively. He was a software engineer in UTStarcom, Shenzhen, from 2005 to 2007.", "UH Electrical & Computer Engineering\nHis research interests are security & privacy issues in wireless/mobile networks and systems, wireless/mobile health, smart grids, social networks, and cloud computing."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,522
https://www.namal.edu.pk/namal-family-welcomes-class-of-2020/
404-Namal-University
["404-Namal-University\nNamal Family feels excited to welcome the new batch on this place of opportunity and discovery! They are now going to embark on the most fulfilling experience and challenging endeavor of their life. The campus has blossomed anew with inspiring 80 students inducted into both the academic programs of electrical engineering and computer science. The rigorous admission process ensured the enshrined values of merit and excellence to select our future leaders who have come from all parts of Pakistan", "404-Namal-University\nThey are going to be introduced to new ideas, arguments and experiences that they never encountered before. Namal College has furnished a conducive academic culture for students to learn how to strike a balance among studies, co-curricular activities, sports and social life. Orientation week is designed to introduce our new brand ambassadors with the kind of environment that Namal has envisioned for them to grow and prosper for the uplift and development of Pakistan", "404-Namal-University\nWe greet our new community members with warm wishes and open hearts, eager to know how they would reshape their lives by flourishing within the Namal community."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,527
http://biographybase.com/biography/Fessenden_Reginald.html
Reginald Fessenden Biography
["Reginald Fessenden Biography\nReginald Fessenden Biography\nReginald Fessenden (October 6, 1866 - July 22, 1932), was a Canadian inventor sometimes dubbed \"The Father of Radio Broadcasting\", was born in East Bolton, Quebec, Canada the son of a Protestant minister.", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nAs a child, the family moved to Ontario, where at an early age, Reginald Fessenden showed an interest in mathematics far beyond his years and conducted experiments that often both astounded and horrified his parents who made certain he received a quality education. A brilliant student at Trinity College School, in Port Hope, Ontario, at age fourteen he was granted a mathematics mastership to Bishop's College (now Bishop's University) in Lennoxville, Quebec", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nAt age eighteen, he became headmaster at a school in Bermuda but he had become fascinated with the idea of wireless telegraphy as a child when he saw Alexander Graham Bell demonstrate his telephone over a several mile distance near Bell's home in Ontario.", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nTrained as an electrician, his research subsequently took him to the United States to work with Thomas Edison as a chemist developing insulation for electrical wires. In 1892, he worked with George Westinghouse to light the Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Fessenden then became professor of electrical engineering at Purdue University, and a year later he was named head of electrical engineering at Western University of Pennsylvania.", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nReginald Fessenden had considerable difficulty in attracting capital for research and development of his radical ideas. He lacked the showmanship of Marconi and Edison, and his frustration often showed in his personality that made it near impossible to market himself or his inventions. In 1900 he joined the United States Weather Bureau on the understanding that the bureau could have access to any devices he invented but that he would retain ownership", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nOn December 23, 1900, he transmitted his own voice over the first wireless telephone from a site on Cobb Island in the middle of the Potomac River near Washington, DC.", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nFinally, two wealthy Pennsylvania businessmen joined with him to form the National Electric Signaling Company (NESCO) to develop Morse code services between Brant Rock, Massachusetts and several American points and to carry on his own research. In 1903 he sent a voice message to an assistant 50 miles away, and another voice sound was heard at his experimental towers in Scotland. In 1904 he was hired to help engineer the Niagara Falls power plant for the newly formed Ontario Power Commission", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nIn 1906 he opened his own Canadian company in Montreal and on Christmas Eve, 1906, using his heterodyne principle, Fessenden transmitted the first radio broadcast in history from Brant Rock, Massachusetts. Ships at sea heard a broadcast that included Fessenden playing the song O Holy Night on the violin and reading a passage from the Bible.", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nMarconi had sent radio signals from England to Newfoundland in 1901, but only one-way and only in Morse Code. In 1906, Fessenden achieved two-way voice transmission by radio between Scotland and Massachusetts. Still, the potential for his invention was not recognized and even his own backers were not interested in voice or music communication and their business partnership dissolved. A lengthy lawsuit would follow that years later resulted in a large settlement in Fessenden s favour.", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nWorking for a company in Boston, Reginald Fessenden developed a wireless system for submarines to signal each other, and a device using radio waves designed to locate icebergs miles away avoiding another Titanic disaster. At the outbreak of World War I, Fessenden volunteered his services to Canada and was sent to London, England where he developed a device to detect enemy artillery and another to locate enemy submarines.", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nFellow Canadians, Henry Woodward and Mathew Evans invented and patented the first light bulb that Thomas Edison commercialized. An inveterate tinkerer, Reginald Fessenden vastly improved on their work. He would become the holder of more than 500 patents, including a version of microfilm. In 1915, he invented the fathometer, a sonar device used to determine the depth of water or a submerged object by means of sound waves for which he won Scientific American's Gold Medal in 1929", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nThe Institute of Radio Engineers presented him with its Medal of Honor, and Philadelphia awarded him a medal and cash prize for \"One whose labors had been of great benefit to mankind.\"", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nReginald Fessenden died at his vacation home in Bermuda and was interred there in St. Mark's Church Cemetery.\nA New York Herald Tribune editorial said:", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nIt sometimes happens, even in science, that one man can be right against the world. Professor Fessenden was that man. He fought bitterly and alone to prove his theories. It was he who insisted, against the stormy protests of every recognized authority, that what we now call radio was worked by continuous waves sent through the ether by the transmitting station as light waves are sent out by a flame. Marconi and others insisted that what was happening was a whiplash effect", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nThe progress of radio was retarded a decade by this error. The whiplash theory passed gradually from the minds of men and was replaced by the continuous wave -- one with all too little credit to the man who had been right", "Reginald Fessenden Biography\nReginald Fessenden Resources\nThis article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Reginald Fessenden."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,520
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2603431/Bergen-Belsen-survivor-learns-of-sisters-fate-64-years-on.html
Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on
["Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\nUntil two weeks ago, British holocaust survivor Eugene Black assumed his sisters had died in Auschwitz.\nBy Harry de Quetteville in Bad Arolsen 22 August 2008 \u2022 5:15pm\nEugene Black found the archive revealed that his sisters had been killed instead in an Allied bombing attack on the factory where they had been forced to work near Buchenwald", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\nThen he visited Germany's biggest wartime archive, where a major new effort has just begun to make its unparalleled records more widely available, and discovered they had been spared.", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\n\"When we arrived at Auschwitz I was immediately separated from my mother and two sisters,\" he said yesterday, from his home near Leeds. \"Five minutes later I was separated from my father. I never saw any of them again.\" After accessing the files at Bad Arolsen in central Germany however, Mr Black, a Czech Jew deported to the Nazi's most notorious camp in May 1944, discovered that his sisters \u00ad like him \u00ad had been selected not for death but for slave labour teams.", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\n\"After 64 years believing they had perished in the gas chambers with my mother the documents came as such a shock,\" he said.\nMr Black endured a horrific 12-month ordeal that saw him transferred through a series of camps until he was eventually liberated by British troops at Bergen-Belsen.\nAt Bad Arolsen he learned that his sisters had also avoided the gas chambers.", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\nBut to his horror, Mr Black, who anglicised his Czech name Jeno Schwarcz, found the archive revealed that they had been killed instead in an Allied bombing attack on the factory where they had been forced to work near Buchenwald.\n\"It's unbelievable. It still has to sink in,\" he said. \"I've had to think things through again. But at least they died together and weren't gassed.\n\"It must have been a terrible death in the chambers,\" he added.", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\nMr Black's visit to Bad Arolsen two weeks ago came as the archive launched a new programme to digitise a wealth of documents from millions of 'displaced persons' -\u00ad DPs - after the war.\nTales from concentration camp survivors, refugees, exiles, and even Nazis trying to secure anonymity by submerging themselves in the human flood, are testament to a shattered continent.", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\n\"This part of the archive has never been studied by historians,\" said spokeswoman Kathrin Flor. \"It gives a fantastic portrait of Europe after the war: who was where, who survived the camps, where they were all going.\" Bad Arolsen has spent almost 150,000 pounds to acquire scanning equipment to digitise its post-war archive in more than 20 million images. The records being photographed include the 75,000 files of those 'DPs' who found their way to the UK after the end of the conflict.", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\nAmong the records being photographed is the CM1 -\u00ad Care and Maintenance - card of Mr Black, then Eugene Schwarcz, made shortly before he emigrated to Britain in 1949 after working as a translator with the British army.\nAbove a boyish photograph it provides a grim record of his year-long odyssey as a 16 year-old through the network of camps built for genocide from Poland to the German border with France.", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\nIt shows how, after 10 days at Auschwitz he was selected for transfer to Buchenwald before being sent from there to Dora-Mittelbau camp in central Germany to work as a slave labourer on Hitler's \"wonder weapon\" programme of V-1 and V-2 rockets.", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\nIt was while clearing tunnels for 14 hours a day with little food that he caught pneumonia and was sent to the nearby Harzungen sub-camp, where he credits a German air force doctor with saving his life, by prescribing him light work duties. That crucial medical order is included in his Bad Arolsen file.\n\"The Germans were brilliant at keeping records,\" he said. \"But I had no idea they went into such detail.\"", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\nOne file in the archive notes, for example, the number of lice found during an inspection of 667 prisoners in Block 6 of the Grossrosen camp, in today's Poland, on November 28th, 1944. Despite the imminent collapse of the Nazi war machine, camp guards meticulously counted 39 lice.\nFor Mr Black however, the efforts underway at Bad Arolsen are about more than just documenting the horrors of the war.", "Bergen-Belsen survivor learns of sisters' fate 64 years on\n\"It made such a big difference to me to see that what I have been living with is true. Because it's there in black and white. I can't explain what it meant to close at long last this terrible experience in my life. It's just unbelievable.\"\nLive Russia-Ukraine latest: Vladimir Putin's food blockade 'craven and reckless', says Boris Johnson"]
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https://www.huffpost.com/entry/165-years-since-seneca-fa_b_3610678
"165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality"
["165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nPart of HuffPost Women. \u00a92022 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved.\n165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nElisabeth MacNamara, Contributor\nPresident, League of Women Voters of the United States\nJul. 17, 2013, 10:10 AM EDT | Updated Sep. 16, 2013\n\"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men\nand women are created equal.\"\n--Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments, Seneca Falls Convention", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nOne-hundred sixty-five years ago this week on July 19-20 1848, 300 women and men met in Seneca Falls, New York, to discuss \"the social, civil and religious condition and rights of Woman.\" The gathering, called the Seneca Falls Convention, produced one of the nation's most important historical documents advocating women's rights - the monumental \"Declaration of Sentiments\" - planting the seed for the fight for women's suffrage in America, and indirectly for the formation of the League of Women Voters, which would later champion the issue.", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nWritten primarily by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the Declaration of Sentiments parodies the Declaration of Independence, which Congress had passed over 70 years earlier. But instead of arguing for America's freedom from the \"tyranny\" of British control, the Declaration of Sentiments argues for women's freedom from the \"tyranny\" of patriarchy", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nWhereas the Founding Fathers wrote in the Declaration of Independence that it is self-evident that \"all men are created equal,\" the Declaration of Sentiments boldly asserts that \"all men and women\" are equal. The document points out the \"patient sufferance\" not of \"men\" or \"mankind,\" but of American women, who were oppressed by an undemocratic government that failed to allow them to possess property rights, speak in public, file for divorce, manage their own wages and attend college.", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nThe most controversial part of the Declaration of Sentiments, which delineated 11 resolutions on women's rights, was its call for the right to vote for women. Even among women's rights leaders, the notion of women's suffrage was perceived as deeply controversial at the time. Elizabeth Cady Stanton's husband, Henry, refused to continue helping her draft the Declaration if she included women's suffrage, believing the addition would put the rest of the document in jeopardy", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nEven Lucretia Mott, who organized the Seneca Falls Convention with Stanton, begged Stanton not to include women's suffrage among the resolutions. \"Why, Lizzie, thee will make us ridiculous!\" Mott worried. But Cady Stanton refused to back down. \"I persisted,\" she later wrote, \"for I saw clearly that the power to make the laws was the right through which all other rights could be secured.\"", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nMott and Henry's fears were almost proven correct when the time came to vote upon passage of the Declaration of Sentiments on the second day of the convention, July 20, 1848. All 11 resolutions were unanimously passed with the exception of the resolution on suffrage, which produced a long and heated debate. But following a moving speech made by abolitionist Frederick Douglass, the convention agreed to pass the resolution.", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nThe Seneca Falls Convention thereby resulted in the first formal demand for women's suffrage in America. The convention laid the framework for the women's suffrage movement, also leading to the founding of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1890. The NAWSA championed the successful passage of the 19th amendment granting women the right to vote in 1919, followed by the formation of the League of Women Voters by Carrie Chapman Catt in 1920.", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nToday, the League honors the women and men who gathered in New York 165 years ago in efforts to end barriers that denied American citizens their rights and equality. The anniversary of the Seneca Falls Convention reminds us of the power of activism and mobilization -- that even a small group of people can join together to create a transformative mass movement.", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\n\"We do not expect [that] our path will be strewn with the flowers of popular applause, \" Stanton stated in her address to the Seneca Falls Convention on July 19, 1848, \"...but our banners will beat the dark storm.\" Today, these words ring true for the men and women in our 800 state and local Leagues across the country who - like those of the Seneca Falls Convention- tirelessly fight against obstacles in the path to securing democracy and equality for all.", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nDemocracyWomen's RightsFounding FathersFrederick Douglasselizabeth cady stanton\nA weekly exploration of women and power.\nMore In Women\nFormer Hospital Employee Charged With Murder 20 Years After Spate Of Deaths\nStop Saying 'Breastfeeding Is Free.' It Absolutely Isn't.\nA Paradox: With Anti-Asian Hate Crimes On The Rise, So Is 'Asianfishing,' A Desire To Look Asian\nWe're Losing Track Of What's At Stake In The Johnny Depp-Amber Heard Case\n31 Funny TikToks Every Cat Owner Can Relate To", "165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality\nMidwest Newspaper Editorial Lashes 'Political Hacks' On Supreme Court\nKarine Jean-Pierre Acknowledges Historic Moment As White House Press Secretary\nBuffalo Shooting Victim Who Called For Stronger Gun Control Was \u2018A Beautiful Soul\u2019\nIntroducing: This Made Me\nCynthia Lummis Booed For 'Two Sexes' Claim During Commencement Speech\nMachine Gun Kelly Dedicates Song To \u2018Wife\u2019 Megan Fox And \u2018Unborn Child\u2019"]
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0.02479339], [3932, 4392, 0.02391304], [4392, 4472, 0.0875], [4472, 4513, 0.02439024], [4513, 4527, 0.21428571], [4527, 4603, 0.14473684], [4603, 4661, 0.13793103], [4661, 4758, 0.18556701], [4758, 4832, 0.18918919], [4832, 4879, 0.19148936], [4879, 4949, 0.12857143], [4949, 5028, 0.13924051], [5028, 5111, 0.15662651], [5111, 5137, 0.15384615], [5137, 5207, 0.14285714], [5207, 5278, 0.16901408]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 5278, 0.85243171]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 5278, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 5278, 0.83579195]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 5278, 1.21366803]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 5278, 51.64476876]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 5278, 54.69979557]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 5278, 35.0]]}"}
RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,529
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:62005CJ0150_SUM&from=EL
Preliminary rulings – Jurisdiction of the Court – Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union – Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters – Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis – Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement – Ne bis in idem principle
["Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\n1. Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits\n(Art. 234 EC)\n3. European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\n(Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement, Art. 54)", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\n1. In the context of the cooperation between the Court of Justice and national courts that is provided for by Article 234 EC, it is solely for the national court before which the dispute has been brought, and which must assume responsibility for the subsequent judicial decision, to determine in the light of the particular circumstances of the case both the need for a preliminary ruling in order to enable it to deliver judgment and the relevance of the questions which it submits to the Court", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\nConsequently, where the questions submitted concern the interpretation of Community law, the Court is, in principle, bound to give a ruling.", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\nThe Court may refuse to rule on a question referred for a preliminary ruling by a national court only where it is quite obvious that the interpretation of Community law that is sought bears no relation to the actual facts of the main action or its purpose, where the problem is hypothetical, or where the Court does not have before it the factual or legal material necessary to give a useful answer to the questions submitted to it.\n(see paras 33-34)", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\n2. Although the Court has no jurisdiction under Article 234 EC to apply a rule of Community law to a particular case and thus to judge a provision of national law by reference to such a rule, it may, in the framework of the judicial cooperation provided for by that article and on the basis of the material presented to it, provide the national court with an interpretation of Community law which may be useful to it in assessing the effects of the provision in question.\n(see para. 37)", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\n3. Article 54 of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement must be interpreted as meaning that the relevant criterion for the purposes of the application of that article is identity of the material acts, understood as the existence of a set of facts which are inextricably linked together, irrespective of the legal classification given to them or the legal interest protected.", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\nIn the case of offences relating to narcotic drugs, first, the quantities of the drug that are at issue in the two Contracting States concerned or the persons alleged to have been party to the acts in the two States are not required to be identical. It is therefore possible that a situation in which such identity is lacking involves a set of facts which, by their very nature, are inextricably linked", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\nSecond, punishable acts consisting of exporting and of importing the same narcotic drugs and which are prosecuted in different Contracting States party to the Convention are, in principle, to be regarded as \u2018the same acts\u2019 for the purposes of Article 54 of the Convention, the definitive assessment in that respect being the task of the competent national courts.", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\n(see paras 48-51, 53, operative part 1)\n4. The ne bis in idem principle, enshrined in Article 54 of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement, a provision which has the objective of ensuring that no one is prosecuted for the same acts in several Contracting States on account of the fact that he exercises his right to freedom of movement, falls to be applied in respect of a decision of the judicial authorities of a Contracting State by which the accused is acquitted finally for lack of evidence.", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\nThe main clause of the single sentence comprising Article 54 of the Convention makes no reference to the content of the judgment that has become final. It is only in the subordinate clause that Article 54 refers to the case of a conviction by stating that, in that situation, the prohibition of a prosecution is subject to a specific condition", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\nIf the general rule laid down in the main clause were applicable only to judgments convicting the accused, it would be superfluous to provide that the special rule is applicable in the event of conviction.", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\nFurthermore, not to apply Article 54 of the Convention to a final decision acquitting the accused for lack of evidence would have the effect of jeopardising exercise of the right to freedom of movement.", "Preliminary rulings \u2013 Jurisdiction of the Court \u2013 Limits (Art. 234 EC) and European Union \u2013 Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters \u2013 Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis \u2013 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement \u2013 Ne bis in idem principle\nFinally, in the case of a final acquittal for lack of evidence, the bringing of criminal proceedings in another Contracting State for the same acts would undermine the principles of legal certainty and of the protection of legitimate expectations. The accused would have to fear a fresh prosecution in another Contracting State although a case in respect of the same acts has been finally disposed of."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,531
https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/man-woman-found-shot-dead-in-car-chicago-east-side-neighborhood/
Illinois State Trooper, Woman Found Shot Dead In Car On Southeast Side
["Illinois State Trooper, Woman Found Shot Dead In Car On Southeast Side\nIllinois State Trooper, Woman Found Shot Dead In Car On Southeast Side\nJanuary 24, 2022 / 8:47 PM / CBS Chicago\nCHICAGO (CBS) -- A man who was a trooper with the Illinois State Police and a woman were found shot dead Monday afternoon in a car in the East Side neighborhood.\nChicago Police said at 1:38 p.m., a witness who was walking by found the bodies of the 30-year-old man and the 31-year-old woman in the car parked in the 11000 block of South Avenue E, a few blocks from the Indiana state line.", "Illinois State Trooper, Woman Found Shot Dead In Car On Southeast Side\nThe victims had both been shot in the head and were pronounced dead at the scene. A weapon was recovered.\nIllinois State Police confirmed the man, Antonio Alvarez, was an off-duty trooper. State police identified the woman as Amanda Alvarez, but did not specify her relationship to the trooper.\nChicago Police and Illinois State Police were sent to the scene.\nFollowing the discovery, a call went out on the scanner for a 10-1, indicating an officer in distress.", "Illinois State Trooper, Woman Found Shot Dead In Car On Southeast Side\nA man who lives nearby told CBS 2 Political Investigator Dana Kozlov that he has seen Trooper Alvarez around the neighborhood.\n\"I just know him,\" said the neighbor, whose name also happens to be Antonio Alvarez. \"I have seen, as I mentioned before, a state trooper vehicle parked there periodically.\"\nArea Two detectives were investigating late Monday."]
null
{"partition": "head_middle", "language": "en", "source_domain": "www.cbsnews.com", "date_download": "2022-05-19T16:41:41Z", "digest": "sha1:RVCAMLDU6RI4DTISUSW6BWSZ3ILLZNRX", "quality_signals": "{\"ccnet_length\": [[0, 1316, 1316.0]], \"ccnet_original_length\": [[0, 1316, 2782.0]], \"ccnet_nlines\": [[0, 1316, 11.0]], \"ccnet_original_nlines\": [[0, 1316, 94.0]], \"ccnet_language_score\": [[0, 1316, 0.98]], \"ccnet_perplexity\": [[0, 1316, 257.6]], \"ccnet_bucket\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_curly_bracket\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_ldnoobw_words\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_lorem_ipsum\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_stop_word_fraction\": [[0, 1316, 0.35740072]], \"rps_doc_ut1_blacklist\": [[0, 1316, null]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_10grams\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_5grams\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_6grams\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_7grams\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_8grams\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_dupe_9grams\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_top_2gram\": [[0, 1316, 0.04990403]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_top_3gram\": [[0, 1316, 0.0547025]], \"rps_doc_frac_chars_top_4gram\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_all_caps_words\": [[0, 1316, 0.0433213]], \"rps_doc_frac_lines_end_with_ellipsis\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_frac_no_alph_words\": [[0, 1316, 0.19133574]], \"rps_doc_frac_unique_words\": [[0, 1316, 0.54185022]], \"rps_doc_mean_word_length\": [[0, 1316, 4.59030837]], \"rps_doc_symbol_to_word_ratio\": [[0, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_doc_unigram_entropy\": [[0, 1316, 4.45049504]], \"rps_doc_word_count\": [[0, 1316, 227.0]], \"rps_lines_ending_with_terminal_punctution_mark\": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 112, 0.0], [112, 274, 1.0], [274, 501, 1.0], [501, 607, 1.0], [607, 796, 1.0], [796, 861, 1.0], [861, 964, 1.0], [964, 1091, 1.0], [1091, 1265, 0.0], [1265, 1316, 1.0]], \"rps_lines_javascript_counts\": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 112, 0.0], [112, 274, 0.0], [274, 501, 0.0], [501, 607, 0.0], [607, 796, 0.0], [796, 861, 0.0], [861, 964, 0.0], [964, 1091, 0.0], [1091, 1265, 0.0], [1265, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_num_words\": [[0, 71, 12.0], [71, 112, 7.0], [112, 274, 30.0], [274, 501, 43.0], [501, 607, 20.0], [607, 796, 29.0], [796, 861, 11.0], [861, 964, 18.0], [964, 1091, 21.0], [1091, 1265, 29.0], [1265, 1316, 7.0]], \"rps_lines_numerical_chars_fraction\": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 112, 0.26470588], [112, 274, 0.0], [274, 501, 0.05555556], [501, 607, 0.0], [607, 796, 0.0], [796, 861, 0.0], [861, 964, 0.03061224], [964, 1091, 0.008], [1091, 1265, 0.0], [1265, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_start_with_bulletpoint\": [[0, 71, 0.0], [71, 112, 0.0], [112, 274, 0.0], [274, 501, 0.0], [501, 607, 0.0], [607, 796, 0.0], [796, 861, 0.0], [861, 964, 0.0], [964, 1091, 0.0], [1091, 1265, 0.0], [1265, 1316, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction\": [[0, 71, 0.16901408], [71, 112, 0.17073171], [112, 274, 0.10493827], [274, 501, 0.02643172], [501, 607, 0.01886792], [607, 796, 0.04232804], [796, 861, 0.07692308], [861, 964, 0.00970874], [964, 1091, 0.07874016], [1091, 1265, 0.02873563], [1265, 1316, 0.05882353]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 1316, 0.63836181]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 1316, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 1316, 0.93505371]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 1316, 4.77943548]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 1316, 29.55187232]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 1316, 5.68613727]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 1316, 14.0]]}"}
RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,533
https://www.493bgdebach.co.uk/tower
Control Tower Museum
["Control Tower Museum\nMuseum Sections\nControl Tower Page\nTaken by John Taylor 2009\nThe Control Tower Museum.\nThe tower had been left to deteriorate up until 2000 when it was then decided it should be brought back to its former glory.\nOver the past few years, with the help from Volunteers, it has been set out to resemble how it looked when the Americans were stationed within its walls.", "Control Tower Museum\nWith the help of Veterans who worked in the Tower, the rooms have been recreated with the same colours on the walls and the same usage of the rooms with the exception of the one at the top of the stairs.\nThis room would have been yet another office but it was felt, it would be more informative to re-create a typical RAF plotting room such as those used in the Battle of Britain in controlling the spitfires and hurricane fighters.", "Control Tower Museum\nMost of the other rooms have their original use, with many mannequins dressed in the uniforms of the 8th Army Air Force. Phones, typewriters and the day to day essentials abound and a Doll\u2019s Eye telephone exchange is situated on the ground floor.\nOn the passageway walls you will find the squadron boards which show photographs and names of a selection of the air crews. A veteran tail gunner, Jack Rude, who has returned to Debach regularly, has his own pictorial board.", "Control Tower Museum\nThe Operation Room upstairs would have been buzzing with activity, with on duty officers and waiting pilots looking out for the return of their comrades. On show, a large wall map displays the location of the targets of each mission. Along side the details of the missions are listed.", "Control Tower Museum\nThe fire and weather room downstairs would have been on constant alert, hence the beds and would have been manned around the clock. The windows in this room are much higher and less tall \u2013 the reason for this was that should an aircraft crash, the damage inside would be less harmful.", "Control Tower Museum\nUp on the roof the view is amazing and in wartime would be the best vantage point to watch for returning craft. There is also a cupola on the roof for shelter when the weather was less than pleasant. Inside the cupola is a diorama showing all the runways and buildings.\nFor a further selection of photographs see the museum gallery"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,528
https://www.colum.edu/academics/programs/game-design.html
Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL
["Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nIn the Game Design major at Columbia College Chicago, you\u2019ll design games and simulations in terms of gameplay, narrative, and user experience. Mastering a creative skill takes a tremendous amount of practice. That\u2019s why you\u2019ll make games in nearly every gaming class at Columbia and build your skillset over time. And you\u2019ll learn from some of the best\u2014our talented faculty members are experienced professionals who bring their passion for games into the classroom", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nIn your final year, you\u2019ll develop an entire finished game product with other game-related majors in a capstone experience we\u2019ve designed to mirror the professional game-industry production model. Students in the Game Design major choose one of two concentrations: Game Development or Sound Design.", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nIn this concentration, you\u2019ll develop as a designer. As a designer, you\u2019ll be trained in personal organization and self-leadership. Self-leadership means the ability to listen, make a decision, and apply the critical values and virtues of a confident, tasteful professional. You\u2019ll also apply your growth as a personal leader to multiple team settings", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nDive deep into team processes like Agile or Lean, and emulate best team practices like the \u201cteam of teams\u201d style used at Naughty Dog and the \u201cvertical T-style\u201d team practice used at Valve. Finally, as a designer, you will learn to think like a designer, understand systems, learn to make trade-offs, and develop your own singular voice as a creative professional.", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nIf you\u2019re more interested in the programming side of creating games, take a look at our bachelor\u2019s degree program in Game Programming.\nGame Sound Design", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nGame sound is about more than placing a great song in a game; it\u2019s about building emotion and impact through audio, whether that\u2019s the explosive noise of a gun blast or the subtle sound of an empty room. You\u2019ll learn both music theory and scripting skills, and acquire advanced knowledge of acoustics and digital audio, studio production technology and techniques, and the aesthetics of sound", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nBecause sound is a concept that crosses department lines, you\u2019ll take courses with other sound students from the Interactive Arts and Media Department, the Music Department, and the Audio Arts and Acoustics Department. When you graduate, you\u2019ll be prepared to work in a professional sound-design environment.", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nIn your first semester at Columbia College Chicago, you\u2019ll take Intro to Game Development, a requirement for all students in Interactive Arts and Media game programs. This course identifies the characteristics of the different game genres and the career paths in the industry. You\u2019ll learn what differentiates game artists, designers, programmers, sound artists, and everything in between, so you can choose the program that best suits your interests", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nYou\u2019ll hit the ground running, learning core theory and immediately putting it into practice. For instance, you\u2019ll learn foundational theories and practices in interaction and development and then build your skills through practical assignments like sketching, prototyping, and designing as you study the fundamentals of 3D game art creation.", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nWhat to expect your last year\nAs a senior, you\u2019ll take part in our two-semester, cross-program capstone course. If you\u2019re in the Game Development concentration, you\u2019ll take part in a team capstone project that ends in a finished and playable game. Sound Design students create their own version of a sound design production company, providing the sound, dialogue, and music for the capstone games.\nGame Studio Capstone", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nThis isn\u2019t your average senior project. Developed by our faculty members to mirror the gaming-industry production model, the capstone allows you to work in small (Indie Game Studio) or large (Large Team Game Studio) groups to develop a game. Over the course of two semesters, you and your team will pitch the initial concepts, design all the necessary art and sound assets, test prototypes, and deliver a playable game.", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nIn a collaborative team of seniors in Game Art, Game Design, Game Programming, and Game Sound, you make the creative decisions, divide up the work, and manage the project. As you build the game you might even bring in expertise from other Columbia students who study film, acting, voiceover, or creative writing. Our faculty members are there to supervise the course, but this is a student-led project that requires professional-level work and commitment", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nYou\u2019ll get real-world opportunities to show your stuff while you\u2019re in school. The opportunities differ from year to year, but in the past, students have tested their skills, networked with professionals, and shown off their work at events like\nThe Game Developers Conference (GDC) in San Francisco: the world\u2019s largest professionals-only game industry event.\nThe Chicago Toy and Game Fair: Indie Team Game Studio students are required to show there each year.", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nIndustry Night and Manifest: Every year the Interactive Arts and Media Department hosts industry professionals from across the country at Industry Night, an opportunity for graduating seniors to show their work and network with potential employers. The day after Industry Night is Manifest, Columbia's college-wide celebration of student work where you'll find game students displaying their work to their fellow students, faculty, staff, and other members of the Columbia community.", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nGame Design alumni find work at a variety of small and large firms in the gaming and entertainment industries. Firms students work at include Bungie, Jellyvision, Raven Software, Robomodo, and Skywalker Sound. We also have alumni who build simulations for major companies like John Deere and Walmart.\nOur degree program will train you for careers in:\nQA (quality assurance) testing\nSerious game design\nSimulation design\nSound effects design", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nThis comprehensive minor teaches you to design games in terms of gameplay, fun, user experience, and system design. You\u2019ll learn advanced theory and use state-of-the-art techniques and tools to create engaging, immersive game experiences. Our curriculum requires you to work collaboratively with students in multiple disciplines, helping you build your communication skills and preparing you for success in your chosen creative industry", "Game Design Sound Game Development Degree Program | Chicago, IL\nRelated minors for Game Design majors\nOur faculty members are working professionals and experts in the field. They\u2019re award-winning game designers, accomplished audio artists, and expert programmers. They\u2019re dedicated teachers, bringing their knowledge of groundbreaking theories and techniques into the classroom.\nSee all department faculty."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,532
https://www.my-christian-space.com/Isaiah-chapter-twenty-three.html
MCS | Isaiah Chapter Twenty Three
["MCS | Isaiah Chapter Twenty Three\nIsaiah Chapter Twenty Three, Sea Of Judgment...\nIn our study of Isaiah chapter twenty three, we see that God will judge people based on how they treat His children.\nListen to \"Isaiah Chapter Twenty Three, Sea Of Judgment\" on Spreaker.\n\"A prophecy against Tyre: Wail, you ships of Tarshish! For Tyre is destroyed and left without house or harbor. From the land of Cyprus word has come to them.\" NIV translation\nTyre was the chief city of the Phoenicians and they were known for their making and sailing of ships.", "MCS | Isaiah Chapter Twenty Three\nCyprus is an island to the west of Tyre in the Mediterranean Ocean. Many of the ships that were heading to Tyre would have passed by Cyprus on their way. Here, we are not told why Tyre was going to be judged but we know the answer from Ezekiel 26. When Judah was taken into captivity by Babylon, Tyre had rejoiced and saw business opportunities. This was, in effect, cursing Israel and, because of God's promise to Abraham (in Genesis 12:3), He was obligated to judge Tyre for it.\nIsaiah 23:2 & 3", "MCS | Isaiah Chapter Twenty Three\n\"Be silent, you people of the island and you merchants of Sidon, whom the seafarers have enriched. On the great waters came the grain of the Sihor; the harvest of the Nile was the revenue of Tyre, and she became the marketplace of the nations.\" NIV translation\nTyre consisted of settlements of the mainland of Lebanon as well as a fortified island off the coast.", "MCS | Isaiah Chapter Twenty Three\nSidon had been the chief city and the mother of Tyre but was quickly surpassed by Tyre as the chief city. The people of Sidon and Tyre were made rich by their shipping empire.\nEgypt and all of the other nations in the area used the Phoenician ships to transport their grain and other merchandise.\n\"Be ashamed, Sidon, and you fortress of the sea, for the sea has spoken: 'I have neither been in labor nor given birth; I have neither reared sons nor brought up daughters.'\" NIV translation", "MCS | Isaiah Chapter Twenty Three\nThe Phoenicians thought that they had a natural ability and right to rule the seas. In this verse, they are reminded that it is the God of Israel that gives people their talents and abilities.", "MCS | Isaiah Chapter Twenty Three\nThe same type of thing happens today as many people become famous for one thing or another but do not acknowledge that it is God that gave them the talent. Some even go so far as to ridicule Christians who give God the credit for their success. Like, Tyre, they too will be judged for their treatment of God's children."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,534
https://m.csmonitor.com/Commentary/the-monitors-view/2008/0128/p08s01-comv.html
Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com
["Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com\nObama isn't 'the black candidate'\nHis win in South Carolina means this contest can be above the politics of identity.\nIf South Carolina's Democratic primary is a sign, then the presidential election will be more about ideas than the politics of identity. Race and gender did somewhat sway Saturday's contest, but the top issue for voters was more universal: the economy.", "Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com\nThe fact that the winner, Barack Obama, drew votes across both racial and gender lines in a Southern state should be seen more as a result of his message (\"change\" ) than his skin color or sex. This victory may now help him further in the South, although all voters still need to hear much more from this fresh-faced candidate.", "Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com\nBut the point is that Mr. Obama stuck to the high ground during this first primary in the South and didn't play the race card, even though 55 percent of voters in the South Carolina primary were black. And he won decisively despite the efforts of Hillary and Bill Clinton to subtly suggest that race and gender are factors in who can win in November", "Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com\nBoth candidates, said the former president during the campaign, \"are getting votes, to be sure, because of their race or gender.\" And one top Clinton adviser even tried to marginalize Obama as \"the black candidate,\" which, if voters were to buy that, would relegate him to the losing history of previous black presidential candidates, such as Jesse Jackson.", "Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com\nTo her credit, though, Mrs. Clinton did not play up her gender as much in South Carolina as she did in New Hampshire, which she won in part because of strong support from women. She instead focused again on her longer experience in the Senate and her eight years as first lady. As it is, she ended up winning only 4 in 10 white female voters in South Carolina, another blow to the distorting idea of identity politics. And Obama nearly beat her in the white-male vote.", "Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com\nAs the nation heads into Super Tuesday, Feb. 5, in which 22 states hold nominating contests, a pivotal point has been made in the South Carolina primary: Demographics are not destiny, despite the wishes of pollsters, pundits, and reporters to see such contests as a clash of groups.\nObama has tried to steer voters and the media toward viewing the 2008 presidential election as a contest of ideas. He even got into trouble by citing Ronald Reagan's ability to win through ideas.", "Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com\nPresidential leadership should not be about delivering the spoils of government to one's own collection of groups after winning the White House. Candidates need to reach for something higher and more unifying.\nObama's Big Idea of \"change,\" however, may turn out to be simply too vague as the big unifier. He can't run only against the past (whether it is the Bush years or Washington's polarized politics) but must be more specific in what he offers as \"hope.\"", "Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com\nAs for the voters' top concern, the economy, he did offer some specifics on how a state such as South Carolina, which ranks fourth in unemployment, might be helped. His economic plan centers on tax cuts for the lower and middle classes. But he needs to expound more upon his economic principles than to promise financial handouts.", "Obama isn't 'the black candidate' - CSMonitor.com\nObama's second primary win after his victory in Iowa does not mean that America is a \"postracial\" society. He, like any candidate, must address lingering discrimination. But without a Great Unifier, the nation can't even make further progress on race.\nSouth Carolina's lesson: black, white voters seeing 2016 differently\nHillary Clinton wins by wide margin in South Carolina\nWatershed moment in South Carolina for Hillary Clinton?"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,537
http://pldml.icm.edu.pl/pldml/element/bwmeta1.element.bwnjournal-article-doi-10_4064-sm199-2-5
Best possible sufficient conditions for the Fourier transform to satisfy the Lipschitz or Zygmund condition - Studia Mathematica - Tom 199, Numer 2 (2010) - DML-PL - Yadda
["Best possible sufficient conditions for the Fourier transform to satisfy the Lipschitz or Zygmund condition - Studia Mathematica - Tom 199, Numer 2 (2010) - DML-PL - Yadda\nWe consider complex-valued functions f \u2208 L\u00b9(\u211d), and prove sufficient conditions in terms of f to ensure that the Fourier transform f\u0302 belongs to one of the Lipschitz classes Lip(\u03b1) and lip(\u03b1) for some 0 < \u03b1 \u2264 1, or to one of the Zygmund classes zyg(\u03b1) and zyg(\u03b1) for some 0 < \u03b1 \u2264 2. These sufficient conditions are best possible in the sense that they are also necessary in the case of real-valued functions f for which either xf(x) \u2265 0 or f(x) \u2265 0 almost everywhere.", "Best possible sufficient conditions for the Fourier transform to satisfy the Lipschitz or Zygmund condition - Studia Mathematica - Tom 199, Numer 2 (2010) - DML-PL - Yadda\n42A38: Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and other transforms of Fourier type\n26A16: Lipschitz (H\\\"older) classes\nBolyai Institute University of Szeged, Aradi v\u00e9rtan\u00fak tere 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,538
http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cutr_facpub/24/
"Reducing Traffic Crashes through a Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Imp" by Huaguo Zhou, Jiquang Zhao et al.
["Reducing Traffic Crashes through a Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Imp by Huaguo Zhou, Jiquang Zhao et al.\nScholar Commons > College of Engineering > The Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR) > Faculty and Staff Publications Publications > 24\nCUTR Faculty and Staff Publications\nReducing Traffic Crashes through a Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Improvement Program: A Case Example in Florida\nHuaguo Zhou, Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleFollow\nJiquang Zhao\nPei-Sung Lin, University of South FloridaFollow\nPeter Hsu", "Reducing Traffic Crashes through a Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Imp by Huaguo Zhou, Jiquang Zhao et al.\nThis paper summarized the evaluation results of a short-term and long-term safety improvement program in Florida. The short-term program, called \u201cDrive 4 Life\u201d, is to address the safety problem on the 22-mile segment of Interstate 4 (I-4) in Hillsborough County, Florida through education and enforcement countermeasures before the engineering program. The long-term treatment is the construction of median guardrail along the same segment of I-4 after the short-term education and enforcement program", "Reducing Traffic Crashes through a Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Imp by Huaguo Zhou, Jiquang Zhao et al.\nThe Empirical Bayes before-after study approach was used to evaluate the safety performance of the engineering and non-engineering programs, separately. The analysis results showed that there was a significant reduction of approximately 16.3 percent in fatal and injury crashes due to the non-engineering program; and for the engineering treatment, the same crash types were reduced by 7.62 percent in the after period", "Reducing Traffic Crashes through a Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Imp by Huaguo Zhou, Jiquang Zhao et al.\nOverall, the short-term and long-term program had a positive impact on the safety and was successful in reducing the number of fatal and injury crashes on the I-4 segment. Due to long design and construction period, a short-term safety program focusing on education and enforcement should be considered to temporarily reduce the increasing traffic crashes caused by aggressive driving and speeding", "Reducing Traffic Crashes through a Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Imp by Huaguo Zhou, Jiquang Zhao et al.\nThis study gave a successful example of application of such a program to significantly reduce the fatal and injury crashes in both short-term and long-term.", "Reducing Traffic Crashes through a Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Imp by Huaguo Zhou, Jiquang Zhao et al.\nWas this content written or created while at USF?\nCitation / Publisher Attribution\nAdvances in Transportation Studies, v. XXXIV, p. 81-90.\nZhou, Huaguo; Zhao, Jiquang; Lin, Pei-Sung; and Hsu, Peter, \"Reducing Traffic Crashes through a Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Improvement Program: A Case Example in Florida\" (2014). CUTR Faculty and Staff Publications. 24.\nhttp://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cutr_facpub/24"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,539
https://meaww.com/father-son-enslave-beat-vulnerable-young-man-two-years-deny-food-repeatedly-jailed
Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years
["Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nFather and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nThe father, 49-year-old Anthony Baker, and his 19-year-old son, Harvey Baker, repeatedly attacked the 'vulnerable' 20-year-old victim for over two years while forcing him to stay in a tattered caravan at their scrap metal yard in Earlswood Cottages in Jersey Marine, Swansea\nBy Alakananda Bandyopadhyay\nPublished on : 04:26 PST, Jun 15, 2019", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nA father and son duo have been jailed after they were found to have forced a man to work as a slave at their scrap metal business and repeatedly beating him over two years.", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nThe father, 49-year-old Anthony Baker, and his 19-year-old son, Harvey Baker, repeatedly attacked the 'vulnerable' 20-year-old victim for over two years while forcing him to stay in a tattered caravan at their scrap metal yard in Earlswood Cottages in Jersey Marine, Swansea. The police had raided Baker's yard in January and the sentence was handed at a hearing at Swansea Crown Court on Friday, June 14.", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nPolice took the action after members of the public complained to them about spotting a malnourished young man with heavy bruising and a broken jaw that prevented him from speaking in the same property.", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nThe tortured young man told the police that he had been taken in at the age of 18 by the father. He was reportedly forced to work for him collecting scrap metal while he was fed only one meal a day and that too either tinned soup or baked beans. He added that he was also beaten 'every day' at and was sometimes even hit with a scaffolding bar.\nThe father and son kept the young man as a 'slave' for two years, beating him and denying him meals repeatedly (Police handout)", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nA nurse who was attending the tortured man told the court that he looked like someone from a concentration camp. With his fingers deliberately broken, and his nose bitten, the victim was used as a 'human punch bag' by the pair with one holding him as the other punched him. This happened on multiple occasions and went on for two years, between October of 2016 and January of 2019.\nThe court was also told that the man had a 'distorted' face from the injuries, along with a burst eardrum and cauliflower ears.", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nWhile he was treated in the hospital for a fortnight, he also received skin grafting while being treated for his injuries.\nThe victim was also ordered to perform 'forced or compulsory labor' for two years until neighbors spotted him and filed a complaint.", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nThe court was told that the father, Anthony Baker, had \"limitations in intellect.\" He pleaded guilty to requiring a person to perform forced or compulsory labor, inflicting grievous bodily harm, four counts of assault occasioning actual bodily harm, and unlawful wounding.\nThe son, Harvey Baker, pleaded guilty to six counts of assault occasioning actual bodily harm, unlawful wounding, and three counts of inflicting grievous bodily harm.", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nStephen Donnelly, who defended the father, said his client should be credited for accepting the charges, thus preventing his victim from undergoing a trial. Lee Davies, who was defending the son, said the teenager had \"had time to reflect, and he understands the seriousness of what he's done.\"\nThe dilapidated caravan where the 'slave' was forced to live in the scrap metal yard owned by the father and son (Source: South Wales police department handout)", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nJudge Paul Thomas QC stated how stunned he was to see a crime like this happening in the 21st century, calling the victim's treatment \"barbaric and savagely inhuman.\"", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nAddressing Anthony Baker, he said: \"It would have been utterly appalling if you had treated one of your animals the way your treated him, let alone a teenager. On the pretext of giving him somewhere to live you made him your slave. You kept him hungry and thirsty. He had to live in conditions unfit for human habitation and was not properly clothed. It was cruel above all incredulity. He was hit on a regular basis with such cruelty and frequency it amounted to sadistic behavior", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nI consider you both got a power kick from having someone at your mercy. A powerless teenager. He will never recover fully from what you did to him,\" Daily Mail reported.", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nAnthony Baker was given a 10-year jail sentence with an extension period of five years, and a 20-year modern slavery order, meaning he would have to notify South Wales Police before employing anybody.\nHarvey Baker was sentenced to six years in a young offender institution.", "Father and son jailed for enslaving 20-year-old, using him as 'human punching bag' and starving him over two years\nAfter the hearing, Catrin Attwell of the Crown Prosecution Service said the Bakers had \"exploited the victim's vulnerability\". \"Modern slavery is a despicable crime. It is hard to believe slavery is happening in our communities but this case reminds us that it does.\""]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,544
https://books.google.ch/books?id=IdkRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT1&focus=viewport&vq=%22Thy+head,+thy+sovereign+%3B+one+that+cares+for+thee,+And+for+thy+maintenance,+commits+his+body+To+painful+labour,%22&dq=editions:ISBN0344198111&lr=&hl=de&output=html_text
The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.
["The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nas the most heroic of the present candidates for the public favour, has forcibly expressed it, that \u201cnames were but bubles;\" nay, we supposed them to be even less substantial, mere sounds, that varied as often as language varies, and were as empty as the wind of which they are composed. But we must have been altogether mistaken in our notions, if the new framed doctrines of state morality be right", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nOh ! how convenient it is to be able, on needful occasions, to invent a new species of morality to be able to show that liberality of sentiment, and brotherhood of feeling, among the citizens of the same country, are criminal and execrable principles, and dangerous to the welfare of the community!", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nThe present chief magistrate of this republic on his assuming the government, adopted the noble, and justly applauded motto, \u201c Principles and not Men,\u201d as indicative of the impartiality with which he intended to exercise the functions of his office", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nHe whom the people have designated as his successor, has already given a warrant of the same impartiality, by his asserting that \u201cnames are but bubbles,\" a noble saying, which we would recommend to him as an appropriate motto for the generous principles, which, we are confident, will characterise bis administration", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nIt is a motto which will be hailed, nay, it is already hailed by the country, as a pledge, that the wounds inflicted on her peace and prosperity by her too long continued intestine divisions, are to be healed, and that all Americans are to unite, in cordiality and confidence, as members of the same republic, in the promotion of whose welfare and glory, recriminations, jealousies and nicknames will no longer prevent them from cooperating", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\n? We reply, to the American Republican party, whose political creed is contained in that invaluable constitution, which is, at once, the bond of our Union, and the shield of our liberties that glorious constitution which is the most inestimable legacy ever left by the fathers of a country to their posterity.\u2014May their posterity, grateful for the bequest, long cherish the principles it inculcates, and enjoy the blessings it is so eminently calculated to confer!", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nNEW AMERICAN PUBLICATIONS. O\u2018HALLORAN, OR THE INSURGENT Chief, an Irish Historical Tale, of 1798 ; by the author of \" The Wilderness,\u201d and \u201c The Spectre of the Forest,\u201d has been just published, in 2 vols. 12mo., by Messrs. Carey and Lea.\nCummings. Hilliard, & Co. have just published, a new Amer. ican novel, entitled \u201cHOMBOMAK, a Tale of the Early Times,\" It is founded on the Early History of New England.", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nA collection of the speeches of Mr. Randolph, on the three great questions of the late session of Congress has just been published at the office of the National Intelligencer, in a pamphlet form, including his speech upon the Tariff question, which has not yet been published in the Newspapers. The addenda to the pamplilet contains occasional remarks made on some other questions.", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nSACRED GEOGRAPHY-Or a description of the places men. tioned in the Old and New Testaments, intended to promote a knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, accompanied by three Maps, one of the East, as mentioned by Moses, one of Canaan, Palestine, or the Holy Land, and one of the countries mentioned in the New Testament. Adapted to the use of schools and private families, by Thomas T. Smiley, teacher and author of \u201c An Easy Introduction to the study of Geography.\"", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nANATOMICAL INVESTIGATIONs. Comprising some interesting discoveries relative to the formation of the capsular legaments of the joints. By John Godman, M. D. Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology. 8vo. with plates.\nAMERICAN WORKS ANNOUNCED.\nA new edition of President Edward's works, is about to be published at New Haven, Connecticut. under the inspection of Rev. Sereno E. Dwight, of Boston:-This edition will contain several volumes not comprised in either of the former editions.", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nMessrs. Davis and Force, of Washington are about to publish a little work on Domestic Economy, by Mrs. D. M. Randolph, of Va. The National Intelligence says - we do not profess to be connoisseurs in the culinary and cordial art, to which this book is devoted, but the chapter of contents is exceedingly attractive.\"\nWill shortly be published in Philadelphia, in one volume octavo, price three dollars, in boards, the life of Andrew Jackson,", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nlate Major General in the service of the United States. Comprising a history of the war in the South, from the commencement of the Creek campaign, to the termination of hostiles, before New Orleans. By the Hon. John Henry Eaton, a senator of the United States.\nSARATOGA. a tale of the Revolution, is in the press of Messers Cummings, Hilliard & co. Boston, and is expected soon to appear.", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nMr. Cooper, author of the Spy, &c. bas in the press another novel, founded, it is said, on Revolutionary events. It is entitled, 66 Sir Lionel Lincoln.\u201d\nMR. EDWARD CLARK of Philadelphia, has issued proposals for publishing a new periodical work to be called, \u201cThe American Repertory of Agriculture, Manufactures, and the Mechanic Arts.\u201d", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nMarriages. On the 19th ult. by the Rev. Dr. Sargent, Mr. James Winnard, Editor of the Norristown Weekly Register, to Miss Hannah Lear, of the Northern Liberties. -On the 22d ult. by Henry Engles, Esq. Mr. William Boden, to Miss Hester Phillips all of the County of Phila-lelphia.--On the 23d ult. by William I Cor. kle, Esq. Mr. James Kimball, to Miss Sarah Young, both of the Northern Liberties.-On the 25th ult. by the Rev. Dr. Janeway, Mr. John Fairbairn, to Miss Jane Flowe, all of this city", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\n- On the 22d ult. by Rev. Abner Kneeland, Mr. Phi. lip Dick, to Mrs. Elizabeth B. Burrill, both of this city.-On the 18th ult, at Ger. mantown, by the Rev. E. K. Lippit, Mr. Lawrence R Butler, to Miss Susan Langley both of this city. On the 17th ult at Baltimore, by the Rer. Mr. Guest Captain James Winch of Philadelphia, to Miss Adeline Vargerum, of the form. er city. On the 25th ult. by the Right Rev. Bishop White, Bloomfield M'llvaine Esq. Counsellor at Law, t\u00f3 Henrietta Maria daughter of Charles N", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nDeaths. On the 1st ult. at Marietta, General RUFUS PUTNAM, aged 86 years. In this instance of mortality, we recognise the departure of another Revolutionary Patriot. General Putnam was born in Sutton, in the state of Massachusetts. At the age of sistcen he entered into what is called the French war, in 1756. In our Revolutionary struggle he took an active and decided part. He commanded a regiment at the commencement of hostilities, and performed the part of an engineer during the greater part of the war", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nTowards its close he was appointed a Brigadier General by brevet. On the 7th of April, 1788, he in company with about forty others, commenced the first permanent settlement in the territory (a part ofwhich now comprises the state of Ohio.) They located themselves at the mouth of the Muskingum river, and called their village Marietta. From so small a begining he lived to see a flourishing state, composed of nearly 70 counties and a population of 700,000 inhabitants.", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nOn the 26th ult. Charles Mulvey, Esq. his Catholic's Majesty's consul for the state of Georgia. -Miss Susan Hughes, of pulmonary consumption.-Mrs. Elizabeth O'Neil, in the 47th year of her age. -Capt. Mathias S. Steel, in the 43d year of his age.-On the 25th ult. David Connor, Cabinet maker, formerly of New York, aged 30 of the small pox.-On the 25th ult. John M'Mullin in the 39th year of his age.-David Thompson, in the 47th year of his age. On the 22d ult. Rev. Henry Holcombe, D D", "The American Republican Party; or, The Republican Monitor.\nPastor of the First Baptist Church, aged 62.-On the 22d ult. Andrew Hannis, Senior.-On the 2 dult. Suddenly, Marga. ret Craige, consort of Seth Craige, aged 60.- On the 17th ult. after a short but severe illness, David Cattel, aged 78"]
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https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1863/mar/19/corrupt-practices-at-elections-bill-bill
Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill — Committee.
["Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nHANSARD 1803\u20132005 \u2192 1860s \u2192 1863 \u2192 March 1863 \u2192 19 March 1863 \u2192 Commons Sitting\nCORRUPT PRACTICES AT ELECTIONS BILL\u2014 [BILL 8.]\u2014COMMITTEE.\nHC Deb 19 March 1863 vol 169 cc1629-47 1629\n\u00a7 (Progress 2nd March.)\n\u00a7 Bill considered in Committee.\n\u00a7 (In the Committee.)\n\u00a7 Clause 8 (Evidence of Witness on Election Committee, and before Commission).\n\u00a7 SIR GEORGE GREY", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that on the last discussion of this Bill he had been strongly pressed to consent to an alteration in the indemnity, so as to make it absolute instead of dependent upon the pleasure of the Committee or Commission. He had since consulted with the Attorney and Solicitor General, and as they saw no objection he had agreed to make the alteration", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nIt was only fair that the witness should answer every question addressed to him; and if he did, under the provision he now proposed the Committee or Commission would have no choice, but would be bound to give him a certificate. Of course, if the witness perjured himself, an indictment would lie against him", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nHe therefore proposed, in line 40, to leave out from \"and\" to \"examined\" in page 4, line 4, inclusive, and insert\u2014 Provided always, That where any witness shall answer every question relating to the matters aforesaid, which he shall be required by such Committee or Commissioners (as the case may be) to answer, and the answer to which may criminate, or tend to criminate him, he shall be entitled to receive from the Committee, under the hand of their clerk, or from the Commissioners, under their hands (as the case may be), a certificate stating that such witness was, upon his examination, required by the said Committee or Commissioners to answer questions or a question relating to the matters aforesaid, the answers or answer to which criminated or tended to criminate him, and had answered all such questions or such question.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that the clause as proposed to be amended by the right hon. Gentleman made the protection depend entirely upon a person obtaining a certificate from the Commissioner, and upon his answering not merely a question tending to criminate himself, but upon answering all questions that might be put to him. He (Mr", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nButt) thought, that when a question had been extorted from a man which tended to criminate himself, the indemnity should be complete and unconditional, and not made to depend upon anything he might do hereafter", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nHe should therefore propose to insert in the clause a proviso to this effect\u2014 Provided always, That when any person shall be compelled under the provisions of this Act to 1630 give, and shall give, any answer criminating or tending to criminate himself, such person shall not at any time thereafter be liable to any indictment, prosecution, or penal action, for or in respect of any act or matter by him done or committed before his examination, in connection with any election forming the subject of such inquiry, for which he might have been prosecuted or proceeded against under such Acts.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nSIR MINTO FARQUHAR\nsaid, he had placed a verbal Amendment on the paper, much shorter in its terms than that of the hon. Member for Youghal (Mr. Butt), but intended to effect the same object.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, the effect of the Amendment proposed by the hon. and learned Member for Youghal would be that a man having answered one single question which criminated himself, he would be indemnified, not only against the consequences of that answer, but also against proceedings in respect of all corrupt practices in which he might have been concerned at the election. Now, he thought that would open the door to great fraud, and, in fact, defeat the object of the Bill", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nThe purpose of the Bill would be frustrated unless the Commissioners were vested with a discretion as to granting their certificate to a witness who prevaricated, or made but a partial and incomplete disclosure of facts within his knowledge.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nMR. LYGON\nsaid, he had given notice of a Motion to strike out the clause, but the Amendment proposed by the right hon. Gentleman had entirely removed all his objections, and therefore he had very great pleasure in withdrawing his proposed Motion.\n\u00a7 MR. COLLINS\nhoped the hon. Member for Youghal (Mr. Butt) would not press his Amendment.\n\u00a7 SIR FITZROY KELLY", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nBaronet had had the courtesy to give him an opportunity of considering the proposed Amendment, which seemed to him\u2014although as to terms it might have been framed more accurately for the purpose it was intended to effect\u2014substantially to meet the whole of the difficulties\u2014and they were numerous\u2014that had existed in regard to a clause providing, that when a witness compelled, contrary to the constitutional rule, to criminate himself by answering the questions put to him, it should be left in the discretion of the tribunal before which he appeared to determine whether he should be protected or not.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nhaving intimated that under 1631 these circumstances he would not propose his Amendment\u2014\n\u00a7 Amendment agreed to.\nthen proposed a further Amendment, to insert, at page 4, line 6, after the word \"Acts,\" the words \"or for which he might have been prosecuted or proceeded against under such Acts.\"\n\u00a7 MR. HUNT", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, he thought this clause would bear hardly upon candidates and sitting Members, who did not stand in the same position as other witnesses. A sitting Member might be summoned by an adverse party to give evidence, and by his own testimony alone he might be made to forfeit his seat. That was a dilemma in which he ought not to be placed", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nHe therefore moved the addition of the following words:\u2014 Provided also, That nothing in this section contained shall apply to the case of any sitting Member or defeated candidate called as a witness before any election committee.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, he regretted the hon. Member had not given notice of his Amendment. It involved an important principle, and at present he could not support it. The exemption of Members, he thought, would be most invidious.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, with his present feeling he should be prepared to support the proviso. The object of the Bill was to protect from penal consequences those who gave evidence; but if the man against whom the petition was presented were unseated on his own evidence, they did not protect him against the penal consequences. He did not wish to expose a man to the terrible temptation of saying what was untrue, and as far as he could see at present he was inclined to support the Amendment", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nthought it would be very invidious and unjust to exempt Members from the extraordinary and unconstitutional liability which it was deemed expedient to impose on the rest of the community. He likewise believed that the proviso in itself would be almost nugatory, as it would be impossible for any Member to defend his seat if he refused to answer any proper question addressed to him, on the ground that it might criminate himself.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, the question in- 1632 volved was one of great magnitude, and should not be discussed without previous notice. He hoped his hon. Friend would consent to defer his proposal to a future stage.\n\u00a7 MR. AYRTON", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\ndenied that an investigation before an Election Committee was a penal proceeding; it was a mere contention for a civil right, as a lawsuit for an estate would he, though the defeated party would necessarily be sensible of the loss. He hoped hon", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nMembers would continue to be examined as they had been, for he must say the effect of personal examination had very often been to enable Members to keep their seats by clearing themselves of any personal knowledge of bribery, where without such testimony the evidence would have led the Committee directly to the conclusion that bribery had been committed.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nMR. SERJEANT PIGOTT\nsaid, he trusted the Amendment would be withdrawn. So far from protecting themselves from answering these questions, if any exception were made, it ought to be the other way, and they should rather incline to the side of severity than indulgence. A Member of Parliament owed more to the Constitution than any mere private voter.\nMR. GUILDERS", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that there was another reason for withdrawing the Amendment, and that, was that it placed the elected in a better position than the elector. The elector was compelled to answer, and if he were proved guilty of bribing, or being bribed, was liable to be struck off the register: a Member refusing to answer should be liable to lose his seat.\nhoped the question, which was one of importance, would not be prejudiced by a hasty decision. He thought they should fix some time for its special consideration.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n\u00a7 MR. DENMAN\nsaid, he thought the hon. Member ought not only to withdraw the proviso, but never to introduce it again, either on the Report or at any other stage. If such a proviso were seriously attempted to be introduced into the Bill, the country would never believe they were in earnest, as he believed they were, in their endeavours to put down bribery.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that in moving the proviso he had no intention of giving Members any advantage over the rest of 1633 the community. He only desired to give them the same rights as any other witnesses examined before an Election Committee. But after such an expression of opinion as he had heard he would not press his Amendment.\n\u00a7 Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.\n\u00a7 Clause, as amended, agreed to.\n\u00a7 Clause 9 (Regulations for Election Committees).", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nput it to the Secretary of State whether it would not be well to leave out those words of the clause which referred to treating, on the ground that he believed it was impossible to conceive an election in which there would not be some cases of treating. Treating was very much a question of degree. By that clause the mere giving of a glass of beer to a voter would bring the candidate, if the act were traced to any of his agents, within the penal enactments of the measure", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsupported the clause as it stood. No doubt treating was a matter of degree. There might be a small amount of treating, but there might be extensive treating. The Committee had unanimously recommended that the proof of agency with regard to treating should be placed on the same footing as the proof of agency with regard to bribery. In some cases that had been brought before the House, the treating was so extensive as to be merely another form of bribery.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nobserved, that a bribe was a bribe, and when once given and taken there was no doubt of the character of it; but it was a question whether giving a glass of beer was treating. He thought they ought not to take evidence of treating until they had established the connection between the sitting Member and the acts complained of.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid the hon. Gentleman seemed to think that the clause made it incumbent on Election Committees to receive evidence of treating before proof of agency was offered. But he did not read the clause in that way. It would, he thought, be in the discretion of the Committee, according to the circumstances of the case, to receive evidence of acts of treating independently of any proof of agency", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nThe clause merely said it should not be necessary to prove agency in the first instance, before giving in evi- 1634 dence the facts whereby the charge of treating was to be sustained.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n\u00a7 MR. GATHORNE HARDY\nsuggested the insertion of the words \"unless the Committee shall otherwise decide.\"\n\u00a7 MR. CHILDERS\nproposed to extend the operation of the clause to cases of undue influence.\n\u00a7 Amendment negatived.\n\u00a7 Clause agreed to.\n\u00a7 Clause 10 (Prosecutions for Bribery) agreed to.\n\u00a7 Clause 11 (Suspension of Writs).", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nmoved an Amendment, to leave out \"House of Commons resolves,\" and insert \"the Houses of Parliament separately resolve.\" The suspension of the writ by a Vote of the House of Commons alone was an infringement of the prerogative of the Crown and the privilege of the House of Lords.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\npointed out, that as the powers would be exercised under an Act of Parliament which had received the sanction of the House of Lords and the assent of the Crown, there would be no infringement either of the privileges of the House of Lords or of the prerogative of the Sovereign. If the concurrence of the two Houses was required, the House of Commons might, if the assent of the Lords was refused, be tempted to suspend the writ during the continuance of the Parliament", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, he had always voted against the suspension of writs; for he could never understand why innocent voters should be deprived of their rights because a number of other electors had been guilty of malpractices. It seemed to him that the clause unduly restricted the prerogative of the Crown, and he should therefore propose the omission of the clause altogether.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nobserved, that if the concurrence of the other House were required to the suspension of a writ, the consent of the Crown would also be necessary. If an Act of Parliament gave the House of Commons the power, he did not see why they should hesitate to accept it. There would be little fear of their misusing it.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, he could 1635 not support the Amendment, as he did not think the House of Lords should be permitted to interfere directly or indirectly with elections of Members to serve in the House of Commons. Looking, however, at the clause as a whole, giving power to suspend writs for a period of five years, which might extend beyond the duration of the Parliament, he thought there was matter worthy of further consideration.\n\u00a7 MR. CLAY", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nwished to know whether the clause would supersede the ordinary Parliamentary right of suspending a writ; and whether, if a writ were once suspended for five years, that term could be afterwards shortened if the circumstances should seem to justify it?", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, the Bill contained an express provision that it should not affect the right of Parliament to alter or suspend the right of voting of all or any of the electors in any place for which the writ was suspended. It gave power to suspend a writ for five years absolutely, even though the House should not continue in being so long; and when once a writ had been suspended under this clause for five years, there was no power to shorten the period.\n\u00a7 MR. BENTINCK", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nprotested against the unconstitutional suspension of writs proposed by the clause. It was well known that when a Motion for suspending a writ was brought forward it was turned into a party question, and that the issue or non-issue of the writ depended entirely upon whether the constituency whose bribery was in question would return Members in favour of the majority in the House.\nMR. J. J. POWELL (Gloucester)", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nmoved the omission of the clause, with the view of substituting for it a clause of which he had given notice. He did this because he believed the clause to be unjust and unnecessary, and because he believed that, with all its unnecessary injustice, it would be found inoperative to produce the good result expected from it. Unless the clause was absolutely necessary, its injustice was so palpable that he did not propose to detain the Committee at any length by exposing it", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nWhat the Committee was asked to do was in effect this:\u2014That whenever a Commission of Inquiry should report that in a constituency, say of 2,000 voters, they had discovered, after diligent scrutiny, some 200 or 300 of those voters were habitually corrupt, the House should 1636 disfranchise the whole 2,000, for the sake of punishing or purifying the 200 corrupt persons", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nSuch a proposition wais so monstrous that it must strike everybody with conviction that nothing but the sternest necessity could justify it; and he therefore passed on to consider whether it was necessary. Now, it could easily be demonstrated that it was not necessary. What was the object of their legislation on this subject", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n? He presumed it was to purify, and not to disfranchise, the constituencies. And how could they best purify without disfranchising them? Why clearly by excising from them the corrupt members. But how were they to find them out", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n? Why, they would be already found out and reported to them by name by the very Commissioners and the very Report on which the House was asked, because of those corrupt persons, to disfranchise also the best and worthiest members of their community. But then, it might be said, how could they rely on the Report of those Commissioners? how could they know that they had fully inquired and faithfully reported", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n? The answer was first of all, whether they knew it or not, the Bill proposed to rely on their Report to disfranchise not a part only but the whole of the community; and secondly, that all experience of these Commissions and Commissioners authorized them to place implicit confidence in them. They were gentlemen of great experience, they were armed with all the powers necessary for inquiry, and he had never heard a doubt suggested as to their perfect impartiality", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nSeveral witnesses examined before the Committee, in 1860, gave their testimony on this subject. One of them, who had been secretary to several Commissions said, \"I think they always get at the truth,\" and strongly recommended, that instead of the present system of trying petitions by Committees, they should be tried by Commissioners on the spot, which it was shown would be a much more effective and a much less expensive method of procedure than by Committee", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nWhen a Commission of this kind visited any place, the whole constituency was put upon its trial. If any one had anything to allege against the purity of the place generally, or of any electors in particular, he was at liberty to state it. The persons accused were sent for, heard in their own defence and by their witnesses, and might in their turn accuse others, who would have to go through the same process", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nThe Commissioners then reported that certain persons 1637 named had been guilty of corrupt practices; and in their schedule they included every person against whom the evidence of guilt was deemed sufficient. It was material to observe that they arrived at this result, in a great measure, through the assistance rendered to them by the honest portion of the community", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nGentlemen who were disgusted at the corrupt practices which had prevailed at and disgraced the place they resided in, rendered the Commissioners all the information and assistance in their power, and thus enabled them to get at the truth. The inquiries of the Commissioners were thus made very searching, and the result was that the House knew who the corrupt persons were, and knew also that substantially all the rest of the community were not corrupt", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nThe necessity, therefore, which could alone justify disfranchising a whole constituency did not exist. Moreover, this provision, like other things of its kind, would nullify itself by reason of its injustice. At present they had in their favour all the honest men in the community\u2014such men were equally interested with the House in getting rid of the corrupt, and did all they could to assist in doing so. But how would this clause operate", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n? Why, it would give every honest man the same interest as the rogue in concealing corrupt practices. How could they expect a man to expose the offences of others, when he was himself to be punished for them", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n? He wondered what result the right hon. Gentleman would expect from an enactment to the effect, that it being necessary to put down bribery and corruption, every person reported as guilty of those offences should receive a certain number of lashes, and then going on to enact, that it being extremely desirable that such persons should be brought to justice, every honest man who would give such information as should lead to the conviction of offenders should receive precisely the same punishment", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n[A laugh.] They laughed at that as absurd, but in principle it was precisely what the right hon. Gentleman proposed to do. It might be said, that a great evil existed, and something must be done. To this he replied, adopt the natural and just course of disfranchising those, and those only, who deserved disfranchisement. If difficulties were objected, let them examine them", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nIt might be said, that as these Commissions were not part of the ordinary tribunals of the country, it would be unsafe to deprive a man of his franchise simply upon their 1638 Report. It might also be said that to do so would be a breach of the certificate of indemnity given to those who made a full disclosure before the Commissioners. A short examination would show the fallacy of those objections", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nFirst of all, if they were objections, they were as much so to the Government clause as to that which, he would substitute for it; for as they were going to disfranchise all upon the Report of a Commission, it could not be more objectionable to disfranchise a portion only on the same Report", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nAs to the exceptional character of the Commission, that might be easily provided against by giving a power of appeal under proper restrictions; and as to the certificates of indemnity, the Government proposed to disfranchise those who had them as much as he did, and in fact, if they did not, the only persons who could be disfranchised would be those innocent persons who had not got, because they had never needed, certificates of indemnity", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nSurely the guilty would not be the less disfranchised because the innocent were disfranchised with them; and surely the legislature, when it passed the indemnity clause, never contemplated that it should be not only a shield from the consequences of past offences, but a licence to commit the like offences for the future", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n? He was aware the right hon. Gentleman contended that he was not introducing a new principle, and that the law of making a community responsible for the misconduct of individuals was of very ancient origin, and was still in existence. But surely there was no analogy between making a hundred responsible for the damage done by rioters, and making the inhabitants responsible criminally and subjecting them to the same punishment as the rioters whom they had vainly tried to resist. And if the right hon", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nGentleman wished to revert to the rude or simple legislation of our Saxon ancestors, which made every tithing man responsible for the good conduct of every other man in the tithing, let him at least accompany it with the wise and just proviso which characterized the Saxon law\u2014namely, that if a man could purge himself of the offence by proving that he was no party to it, he should not be amerced for it. The hon", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nand learned Gentleman concluded by moving the omission of the clause; and said if it were carried, he would propose a clause for disfranchising such persons as a Commission should report to have been guilty of corrupt practices.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n\u00a7 MR. KNIGHTLEY\nsaid, he should vote for the omission of the clause, because he thought the penalty under it was not sufficient. There were certain places, that were very well known, that ought to be disfranchised altogether.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, there was nothing in this clause which would prevent Parliament disfranchising any place where corruption was almost universal. It was intended to meet those cases in which, although corruption was extensive, there might be a majority who were not corrupt", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nThe principle was this:\u2014To enable the House, if it thought bribery had been so extensive as to call for a temporary suspension of the writ, to act upon the whole community of electors, and therefore create an interest in preventing corruption altogether. It was true that in some cases, where Commissions had reported extensive bribery, acts of corruption had not been proved against one third of the individual electors", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nBut it was impossible to read the Reports without seeing that countenance had been given to bribery by persons not engaged in it. It was clearly impossible to prevent corrupt practices being carried on if this clause were altered so as not to affect the whole community. It did not follow that in every case the House would support the Resolution. If a large proportion of the electors appeared to have taken steps to prevent bribery, it would be competent to the House to abstain from doing so", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nThey would simply have the power, wherever there was proof of the corruption of a number of electors, and connivance or indifference on the part of the rest. His hon. and learned Friend proposed to deal only with individual electors; that individual electors guilty of bribery should be struck off the poll, and that where the proof before the Commission was not conclusive an appeal should be had to the Court of Queen's Bench. Upon what ground was it persons were reported guilty of bribery", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n? Upon their own evidence, subject to the indemnity to which they were entitled; and the Bill declared that such evidence should not be used in any court of law", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nIf therefore persons came before a Commission and declared their own corruption, and were reported to be guilty of bribery, they would have nothing to do but appeal to the Court of Queen's Bench; and if an issue were tried, the evidence upon which the Commission reported would be excluded, and they would be, by an easy process, restored to the fran- 1640 chise. He hoped the House would retain the clause in its integrity, which he believed would have a very beneficial effect.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that if the hon. and learned Gentleman had been returned for Gloucester free from any taint of corrupt practices, it was a clear proof of the beneficial influence of suspending a writ. If any appeal were given, it must be to the County Courts, for the expense of the Queen's Bench would deter those electors who wished to adopt that very certain mode of being restored to the register", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nHe thought that where corruption existed to a considerable extent without affecting the character of a borough, there should be some minor punishment short of total disfranchisement, and that some time for suspension should be fixed. He thought that in fixing five years the Committee had not gone too far.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nwished to know whether the Resolution of one Parliament was to bind another, and whether the House of Commons was to have the power to make a hard and fast bargain which might extend over two or three Parliaments", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n? It would be a very strong proceeding. He could quite understand resolving that during their own life-time they would suspend the issue of any writ; but he was not aware of any precedent for giving to a Resolution of that House the power of law, and he thought that if they wanted to go beyond the Parliament in existence when the Resolution was passed, they should have the sanction of the other House, and of the Queen", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nWithout reference to the merits of this case, it was a serious thing to make a precedent for giving to a simple Resolution of one House in one Parliament the power of effecting certain things after the Parliament itself had come to an end, either by efflux of time or dissolution by the Crown.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that the House now had power to suspend a writ during the existence of the Parliament in which the Resolution was passed, and this Bill would give legislative sanction to suspension beyond a dissolution, so long as it did not exceed five years.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nthought it a most dangerous precedent to delegate to this House the power to do by Resolution that which a separate Act of Parliament only could effect. Parties might be so balanced that one vote might determine the fate of a Government; and in case of an appeal to the constituencies it was very undesirable 1641 to deprive any constituency of the privilege of expressing an opinion upon the question on which the Crown resorted to the country for advice.\n\u00a7 In reply to Mr. CHILDERS,", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that if the five years expired while Parliament was sitting, the writ would issue by Resolution of the House; and if the five years expired between a dissolution and the assembling of the new Parliament, by the authority of the Crown.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, he must object to the clause. the ground on which he must resist the clause was, that although it was expedient that a Parliament should have the power of suspending a writ during its continuance, he did not understand why, for the offences of a small portion of a constituency, the House of Commons should have the power of encroaching on the prerogative of the Crown, and disfranchising, perhaps, a very meritorious portion of the constituency for a longer period than its own existence", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\npointed out, that if the clause passed as it stood, the House of Commons might go on suspending the writ of a particular place, and then just at the end of the Parliament pass this Resolution; so that in effect the writ might be suspended for two Parliaments.\nsaid, that the right hon. Gentleman had not answered the question whether the effect of the clause would not be to enable one Session of Parliament to suspend a writ during part of a subsequent Session.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that clearly the effect of the clause would be that the suspension might extend over a future Parliament. The writ would be suspended, not by the action of the House of Commons, but by virtue of an Act of Parliament; and the House of Commons would be bound, by the Act, just in the same manner as all the other parties were.\n\u00a7 MR. WALPOLE", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, he was in favour of the clause, and thought it would be an improvement in the law, that instead of disfranchising a borough, which was the only punishment it was at present in the power of the House to inflict, they should have the power of suspending the writ. He thought that the five years might well run over a dissolution, for the constituency would be thereby warned, that if their evil 1642 practices were continued, they would be disfranchised altogether", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nStill he was of opinion that the clause required guarding, as he thought the Secretary of State would see from attention to two considerations. First, this suspension might be effected simply by a Resolution of the House, and there was no guard against the Resolution being taken at a distant sitting of Parliament; and he thought that in all cases the Resolution ought to be moved within one month after the date of the Report of the Committee", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nSecondly, the Resolution ought to be passed in a Committee of the Whole House, and for this reason, that the House might not be taken by surprise. The Report of the Committee would then be laid on the table, and the House would have an opportunity of confirming or of rescinding it.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n\u00a7 SIR EDWARD COLEBROOKE\nalso thought the clause too general; for, as at present framed, the House of Commons, if it thought fit, might act on a Report several years old, even though a general election had intervened.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nallowed that there ought to be some limit in point of time, and said he would introduce words on the Report. As to the other point raised by the right hon. Gentleman, he scarcely thought that the practice of the House should be regulated by an Act of Parliament. It was rather a matter for the Standing Orders.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, the many difficulties which had been raised about this clause only made it clearer that there was considerable danger in passing it. His right hon. Friend, who was in favour of it, could not harden his heart to the Resolution being passed at once, but wanted the House to have a second opportunity of considering it", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nIt was suggested that the Resolution should be passed within a month of the presentation of the Report; but considering what thick blue-books these Reports generally made, it was hardly likely that many Members would be ready in that time to give their verdict. He saw great harm in enabling the House to do by Resolution that which had hither to been done by the Legislature. It was a bad precedent, and might hereafter be used for drawing the whole power of Parliament into the House of Commons.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n\u00a7 MR. PEACOCKE\npointed out, that if this Resolution, which was to have force for five years, were passed at the beginning of a Parliament, and that Parliament lasted 1643 seven years, the writ would not be suspended for a whole Parliament.\nsaid, that it was not intended necessarily to carry the suspension over a whole Parliament; but there would be a period of five years during which the place would be unrepresented.\n\u00a7 SIR JOHN SHELLEY", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nasked by whom the writ would be issued if the five years happened to expire when the House was not sitting.\nsaid, the writ would issue in the usual manner, under the authority of the Act of Parliament.\nMR. PEACOCKS\nsaid, he scarcely thought it was the intention of the right hon. Baronet to suspend the disfranchisement of a borough over a dissolution, and during part of a future Session.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that that was the intention, if it should be necessary. The object was that a constituency found guilty of malpractices should remain unrepresented during the full period of five years.\nasked how the culpable electors were to be punished. A man received \u00a310 for his vote; the writ was then suspended for five years, and before that Parliament was dissolved the writ would be issued and the same elector would have another opportunity of receiving another bribe.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nreplied, that if the House saw fit, it might suspend the issue of the writ over the five years, or until the summoning of a new Parliamennt.\nMR. J. J. POWELL\nsaid, he had heard no reason why the whole body of the electors in any borough should be disfranchised because a few were guilty of bribery, and he should therefore divide the Committee on the clause.\n\u00a7 Question put, \"That the clause stand part of the Bill.\"\n\u00a7 The Committee divided:\u2014Ayes 113; Noes 48: Majority 65.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n, with a view to prevent disorder at elections, proposed a new clause\u2014(Treating), providing that every candidate who should directly or indirectly pay for any meat, drink, entertainment, or provisions for any person other than an elector, with a view to influence the election, on the nomination or the polling days, should be deemed guilty of treating and should forfeit \u00a350; and that any per- 1644 son furnishing such meat, drink, or entertainment, should pay 40s., and, if an elector, be incapable of voting at such election.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that the law as it stood afforded sufficient security against treating, and certainly thought the proposal of the hon. Member would be no improvement, but rather a change for the worse. A great portion of the proposed clause was unnecessary, as it merely re-enacted that which was provided by the present law. In fact, while the existing law was of a general character, prohibiting treating before the polling-day, on the polling-day, or after, the clause would limit the prohibition.\n\u00a7 Clause negatived.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nMR. PAGET\nmoved a clause\u2014(Persons who are under a Recognizance, or have been served with a Subpoena, not appearing, to be guilty of Contempt of Court).\nsaw no reason in this particular case for departing from the ordinary practice or for making the offence in question a contempt of court.\npointed out that the hon. Gentleman who moved the clause seemed to be of opinion that bribery was worse than murder, for the witness was to be subjected to a greater punishment for non-appearance.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nmoved a new clause\u2014(Judge of a Superior Court may order Trials to be held in the Central Criminal Court, or in a neighbouring County).\nopposed the clause, on the ground that no necessity for the proposed change in the practice of the law had been shown.\n\u00a7 MR. PULLER", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nmoved a new clause to follow Clause 10\u2014 Any person who shall be convicted of bribery or undue influence at an Election, or against whom judgment shall have been obtained for any penal sum by the Corrupt Practices Prevention Acts made recoverable in repect of the offences of bribery, treating, and undue influence, or either of them, shall, in addition to any other punishment or forfeiture, be incapable of being elected or sitting in Parliament during the five years next after such conviction or judgment.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nI am not disposed to object to this clause, which provides a temporary disqualification only on a conviction by a court of law.\n\u00a7 Clause added to the Bill.\n\u00a7 SIR FRANCIS GOLDSMID", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nmoved a clause (Votes for Candidates Guilty of Bribery thrown away). The object of the clause was, that where a candidate petitioned and claimed the seat and proved bribery against the sitting Member, such candidate should be declared the sitting Member, if no recriminating case of bribery could be proved against him. At present, unless such candidate could strike off so many of the voters of his opponent as would place him in a majority, he would not be entitled to the seat", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nAll he could do was to stand again; but he would present himself under the disadvantage of having proved bribery amongst the constituency, and would stand a small chance of being returned. The effect of the clause proposed would be to make bribery defeat its own end, and as a consequence to diminish it throughout the country. The only objection he saw to his proposal was that it would give the seat to the person who represented the minority", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, that this was not the first time his hon. Friend had brought forward this proposition, nor the first time that he (Sir George Grey) had stated his objections to it. These objections remained unchanged. Votes could only properly be held to be thrown away where the disqualification of the candidate was patent and known to the electors. His hon. Friend's proposal struck directly at election by majority", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nThus, if in a constituency of 3,000, the candidate elected had 2,000 votes, and the other candidate 1,000, and if the person elected was unseated for bribery through a single act committed by an agent, the candidate with the 1,000 votes would become the representative of the constituency. In such cases he thought that the electors, not having any knowledge that acts of bribery had been committed, should have an opportunity of again exercising their choice, and giving their votes for another candidate.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nmoved the addition of a clause (Recovery of Cost by Member declared duly elected by unanimous Resolution of Committee), such Member to be entitled to recover from the petitioners against him his costs and expenses.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, the Com- 1646 mittee had at present a discretionary power to declare a petition frivolous and vexatious, and the petitioners then had to pay costs. He believed that arrangement was sufficient. It would be rather hard to inflict costs where a petition had been presented in good faith. The effect of the clause would probably be to discourage petitions, and would so far foster bribery, He thought it would be better to leave the law in that respect as it stood.\n\u00a7 MR. BRADY", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nheld that costs ought to fall on whichever party lost the case.\nbelieved the effect of the proposed provision would be to deter parties from presenting petitions, even in the most justifiable cases.\n\u00a7 MR. E. P. BOUVERIE", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, the objection to the clause was its want of mutuality. To make it complete, there ought to be also a provision that the sitting Member, if unseated, should be liable for costs. Even where there were strong grounds of suspision, a petition might fail for want of technical evidence, and in such a case the petitioners ought not to be mulcted in the expenses of both sides.\n\u00a7 MR. SCLATER-BOOTH\nthought some provision of this sort was desirable.\npointed out that the clause was out of order at that stage.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nthen moved the addition of a clause (Provision for Payment of Costs of Commission of Inquiry), providing that where any Commission issued to inquire into the extensive prevalence of bribery, or treating, or other corrupt practices, in any county or borough, shall report that such practices have extensively prevailed in such county or borough, the Commission of the Treasury shall certify to the Treasurer of such county or borough the total amount of the cost of the Commission; and the Treasurer shall within two years pay the same, the amount to be levied by a borough or county rate.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nsaid, he would assent to the clause.\n\u00a7 MR. DARBY GRIFFITH\nmoved the insertion of a clause (Unlawful Payment of Travelling Expenses to be deemed Bribery).\nsaid, that in the framing of the Bill, interference with the subject of travelling expenses was studiously avoided. The law as it at present 1647 stood worked satisfactorily. The effect of the clause would be to declare that to be bribery which was not bribery.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nrose to propose a clause (Provisions for Elections for Places for which Members have been unseated). The clause contained sections A to L constituting a code of provisions applicable to such cases. The hon. Member, in support of his clauses, said that in the great majority of intances bribery at elections was committed late in the afternoon on the day of polling", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nThat arose from the circumstance that in the afternoon the votes of the several candidates were nearly equal, and electors held back their votes in order that they might become more valuable. He proposed a very simple remedy. He did not propose it with respect to all boroughs, but only such as had been affected by bribery. He proposed that in a constituency amongst which bribery had been committed, the state of the poll at all future elections should not be made known during the day", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\nAnd he proposed to effect that in this manner:\u2014Instead of a vote being given publicly, an elector, after he had satisfied the returning officer that he was entitled to vote, would receive a paper with the names of the candidates, to which would be attached the number of the elector on the register\u2014that paper, which would indicate for whom the elector voted, would be put into a box, which at four o'clock would be opened, and immediately after four the returning officer would publish the votes in the most formal manner.", "Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill \u2014 Committee.\n\u00a7 Clause (Provisions for Elections for Places for which Members have been unseated) brought up, and read 1o.\nsaid, that the clauses proposed by his hon. Friend were long and important enough to form a separate measure. He would not consent to their incorporation into the present Bill.\n\u00a7 Question put, \"That the Clause be read a second time.\"\n\u00a7 The Committee divided:\u2014Ayes 55; Noes 131: Majority 76.\n\u00a7 House resumed.\n\u00a7 Bill reported; as amended, to be considered on Tuesday next [Bill 68].\nBack to COMMITTEE."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,560
https://www.courierpostonline.com/story/news/local/south-jersey/2017/07/21/sessions-blasts-phillys-sanctuary-city-status/500755001/
Sessions blasts Philly's 'sanctuary city' status
["Sessions blasts Philly's 'sanctuary city' status\nSessions blasts Philly's 'sanctuary city' status\nERRIN HAINES WHACK\nPHILADELPHIA - Attorney General Jeff Sessions again singled out Philadelphia on Friday as an increasingly violent city made more dangerous by immigrants living in the country illegally, setting up a showdown with the nation's top law enforcement official in a so-called sanctuary city.", "Sessions blasts Philly's 'sanctuary city' status\nIn an address to federal prosecutors, Sessions pleaded with local law enforcement to \"reconsider carefully the harm they are doing to their residents\" through policies he said \"are giving sanctuary not to law-abiding citizens in our communities, but to criminals.\"", "Sessions blasts Philly's 'sanctuary city' status\n\"If we're going to stop the rise of violent crime, let's work together,\" Sessions said, adding that if people who come to America illegally \"commit a crime while they're in here, my goodness, what right do they have to demand that they not be deported?\"\nSessions spoke to federal prosecutors and local law enforcement officials for about 20 minutes, addressing violent crime, immigration and the opioid crisis.", "Sessions blasts Philly's 'sanctuary city' status\nIn a letter sent to the Justice Department last month, Philadelphia officials said the city is adhering to the law, even while refusing to collect information on residents' immigration status. According to the city's policy on the issue, the prison system \"only responds to detainer requests to turn over a detainee to Immigration and Customs Enforcement if the agency has a judicial, criminal warrant.\"", "Sessions blasts Philly's 'sanctuary city' status\nPhiladelphia is among several cities nationwide that have vowed to maintain their \"sanctuary city\" status. Police Commissioner Richard Ross \u2014 who was present for Sessions' remarks and met briefly with the attorney general before his address \u2014 said he does not think local law enforcement \"belongs in the immigration business.\"\n\"As it relates to violent crime, our problems are not people from other countries,\" Ross said. \"Our problem is the young men here who are hopeless about a lot of things.\"", "Sessions blasts Philly's 'sanctuary city' status\nRoss referred to Philadelphia instead as a \"welcoming city\" and said Sessions' approach could have a chilling effect on efforts to encourage immigrants to report crimes.\nPresident Donald Trump has tried to cut funding from cities that limit cooperation with U.S. immigration authorities. A federal judge last week said he's not likely to reinstate Trump's executive order to cut funding from cities that limit cooperation with U.S. immigration authorities.", "Sessions blasts Philly's 'sanctuary city' status\nSessions' trip came on the heels of a New York Times interview published this week in which the president expressed frustration with Sessions for recusing himself from the FBI probe into Russian election tampering. Sessions did not take questions from reporters after making his remarks."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,697
https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Stout69-t27-body-d1-d3.html
The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Educational Institute of Otago 1890-91
["The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Educational Institute of Otago 1890-91\nTitle: The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Educational Institute of Otago 1890-91\nThe 'Auckland Herald' Article\nThe 'Auckland Herald' Article.", "The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Educational Institute of Otago 1890-91\nA communication was received from the Hon. the Minister of Education, drawing the attention of the Institute to a leading page 6 article which appeared in the 'Auckland Herald' of February 7th, 1891. This article, as members are no doubt aware, condemned very strongly the education system of the colony. In connection with this matter the Committee of Management drew up the following resolutions and forwarded them to the Minister of Education:\u2014", "The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Educational Institute of Otago 1890-91\n1. \"The Committee of Management of the Educational Institute of Otago desire to thank the Minister of Education for his courtesy in submitting to them the leading article which appeared in the 'Auckland Herald' of February 7th, 1891.\"", "The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Educational Institute of Otago 1890-91\n2. \"They are of opinion: (a) That since its inauguration the New Zealand educational system has had a wide and lasting influence for good on the youth of the colony; and that, though not perfect in all its details, it compares very favourably with the educational systems of Great Britain and the neighbouring colonies", "The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Educational Institute of Otago 1890-91\n(b) That the criticisms in the article referred to are expressed in extravagant language, and are based, not on a wide and intimate knowledge of the educational system, but on supposed facts of a more or less exceptional nature.\"", "The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Educational Institute of Otago 1890-91\n3. \"They would respectfully call the attention of the Minister to the fact that they have from time to time through the Council of the N.Z. Educational Institute suggested improvements in detail with regard to the syllabus and other matters, and that the adoption of these suggestions would go far to remove any real defects that may exist in the educational system.\""]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,561
https://www.wextradio.org/2019-12-31/dhss-cuccinelli-faces-backlash-over-deleted-tweet-about-suspect-in-hanukkah-stabbing
DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing
["DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\nDHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\nKen Cuccinelli, acting director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, faced criticism after he sent a now-deleted tweet about the suspect in the stabbing attack in Monsey, N.Y.", "DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\nA top Trump administration official has been criticized for saying on Monday that the man charged with stabbing five people at a Hanukkah celebration in New York was the son of an \"illegal alien\" and came from a family that lacked \"American values.\"\nKen Cuccinelli, the acting director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, made the comments in a now-deleted tweet about suspect Grafton Thomas.", "DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\n\"The attacker is the US Citizen son of an illegal alien who got amnesty under the 1986 amnesty law for illegal immigrants. Apparently, American values did not take hold among this entire family, at least this one violent, and apparently bigoted, son,\" wrote Cuccinelli, referring to the measure signed into law by President Ronald Reagan extending legal status to certain unauthorized immigrants.", "DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\nCritics questioned the relevance of impugning Thomas' entire family over his alleged crimes and wondered how the immigration status of Thomas' father was relevant to the violent acts that prosecutors accuse the son of committing.\nDavid Lapan, former Department of Homeland Security spokesman in the Trump administration, said Cuccinelli was \"exploiting a tragedy to drive an anti-immigrant message, creating more division at a time when more togetherness, understanding and healing is needed.\"", "DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\nThe Department of Homeland Security, which oversees USCIS, did not respond to NPR's request for comment.\nCuccinelli's tweet came just before federal authorities filed hate crime charges against Thomas, accusing him of having an anti-Semitic motive when he stormed into a rabbi's house in an Orthodox Jewish community in Monsey, N.Y., and carried out a stabbing rampage. State prosecutors have filed separate attempted murder charges against Thomas.", "DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\nIn the aftermath of the attack, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo said the incident should be treated as terrorism. \"When you try to commit mass murder based on race, color, creed, you try to instill fear. That is terrorism,\" Cuomo told NPR.\nThomas, who has pleaded not guilty, is a \"disturbed individual\" but not someone who harbored hatred toward Jews, according to his lawyer, Michael Sussman.", "DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\nIn a statement to NPR responding to Cuccinelli's Twitter post, Sussman said that Thomas' parents migrated to the U.S. and were granted legal status in 1986 and that Thomas, his client, is a U.S. citizen.", "DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\n\"His immigration status appears totally unrelated to his mental illness and the circumstances which caused the events of last Saturday evening,\" Sussman said. \"The comments of Mr. Cuccinelli are a disgrace and akin to blaming the parents of a mentally ill child for conceiving him or her. Such comments have no place in a rational debate about national immigration policy, a debate which is long overdue and long delayed by those currently holding executive office in our nation.\"", "DHS's Cuccinelli Faces Backlash Over Deleted Tweet About Suspect In Hanukkah Stabbing\nA staunch defender of the administration's hard-line immigration policies, Cuccinelli set off a controversy in August, telling NPR his take on the sonnet that appears on the Statue of Liberty: \"Give me your tired and your poor who can stand on their own two feet and who will not become a public charge\" \u2014 a revision of the famous words of Emma Lazarus. He made the comments in an interview in which he defended a program aimed at making unauthorized immigrants ineligible for government programs."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,563
https://www.dispatch.com/story/sports/mlb/2017/07/26/frazier-hits-into-triple-play/20078422007/
Frazier's first at-bat results in rare triple play for Yankees
["Frazier's first at-bat results in rare triple play for Yankees\nFrazier hits into triple play for Yankees\nFrom wire reports\nNEW YORK \u2014 Three former Reds played prominent roles for New York Yankees in a 4-2 victory over Cincinnati on Tuesday night, as Todd Frazier hit into a triple play, Didi Gregorius homered and Aroldis Chapman earned his 12th save of the season.\nFrazier had an unforgettable first at-bat in his home debut at Yankee Stadium, grounding into a rare, run-scoring triple play.", "Frazier's first at-bat results in rare triple play for Yankees\n\"Can laugh about it now. At the time, I was pretty upset,\" Frazier said. \"It was just unbelievable. Hopefully, that doesn't ever happen again.\"\nMany of Frazier's family members and friends were at the game after making the two-hour drive from his hometown in Toms River, New Jersey. The stage was set for him, too, when he came up for the first time: bases loaded and no outs in the second inning.", "Frazier's first at-bat results in rare triple play for Yankees\nFrazier, traded last week from the Chicago White Sox to the Yankees, hit a hard grounder up the middle. Reds shortstop Jose Peraza fielded it, stepped on second and threw to first for a double play.\nGregorius, who had been on second base, held up when the ball was hit in case it was caught. He was late to advance, and first baseman Joey Votto's throw across the diamond caught Gregorius in a rundown. He was called out for running wide of baseline trying to avoid a tag.", "Frazier's first at-bat results in rare triple play for Yankees\nAt least there was some consolation for Frazier \u2014 a run scored, rarely seen on a triple play, because Matt Holliday scampered home before Gregorius was trapped for a 1-0 lead.\nIt was the Reds' first triple play since 1995, and the first against the Yankees since 2011.\nYankees rookie Jordan Montgomery took a no-hit bid into the sixth inning, and Gregorius went deep in the eighth to boost the AL East contenders, his third homer in two games.", "Frazier's first at-bat results in rare triple play for Yankees\nThe last-place Reds lost for the 10th time in 12 games. Rookie Luis Castillo (1-4) gave up three runs in five innings. Despite the loss, he left with a memory.\n\"I will never forget that. Triple play, bases loaded, that's amazing,\" he said. \"If double plays the best friend of a pitcher, what about a triple play?\""]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,577
https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/pope-advances-sainthood-causes-us-priest-vietnamese-cardinal
Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal
["Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nPope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nby Carol Glatz, Catholic News Service\nVatican City \u2014 Pope Francis advanced the sainthood causes of Wisconsin-born Capuchin Fr. Solanus Casey, five religious, four laypeople and two cardinals, including Vietnamese Cardinal Francois Nguyen Van Thuan.\nThe pope approved the decrees during an audience May 4 with Cardinal Angelo Amato, prefect of the Congregation for Saints' Causes.", "Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nCasey (1870-1957) was known for his great faith, humility and compassion and for his ministry as spiritual counselor. He gained a popular following during his lifetime, with healings attributed to his intercession both before and after his death.\nHe was the sixth of 16 children of Irish immigrant parents. He was born on a farm near Oak Grove, Wisconsin, and as a young man worked as a logger, a hospital orderly, a streetcar operator and a prison guard before entering the Capuchins at age 26.", "Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nHe was ordained in 1904 as a \"simplex priest,\" one who is unable to hear confessions or preach dogmatic sermons because he had not performed very well in his studies. He carried out humble tasks in the monastery and, while serving in Yonkers, New York, Father Casey was assigned to be the friary's porter, or doorkeeper, a ministry he would carry out for the rest of his life.", "Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nHe was known to be gentle, approachable and genuinely concerned for people as he had unique insight into people's needs and how they fit into God's plans.\nHe was declared venerable in 1995 and Francis' approval of a miracle attributed to his intercession was the next step needed for his beatification. Another miracle, after his beatification, would be needed for him to advance to sainthood.", "Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nAmong the other decrees May 4, Francis recognized the heroic virtues of Cardinal Nguyen Van Thuan, who served as president of the Vatican's Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace from 1998 to 2002 \u2014 the year he died.", "Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nBorn in 1928, Vietnam's communist regime jailed him in 1975 when he was the newly named coadjutor bishop of Saigon, later renamed Ho Chi Minh City. He was never tried or sentenced and spent nine of his 13 years of detention in solitary confinement. His uncle was South Vietnam's first president, Ngo Dinh Diem, a Catholic who was assassinated in 1963.", "Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nAlso May 4, the pope recognized miracles that advanced the causes of three religious women toward beatification and the martyrdom of Lucien Botovasoa, a married man with eight children, who was also a Third Order Franciscan, teacher and a catechist at his parish in Vohipeno, Madagascar.\nAs the African island went from being a colonial outpost to an independent nation, Botovasoa was blacklisted as an enemy of the cause for independence and was killed in 1947 out of hatred of the faith.", "Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nYears later a village elder admitted on his deathbed to a local missionary that he ordered the murder of Botovasoa even though Botovasoa had told him he would be by his side to help him whenever he was in need. The elder told the missionary he felt Botovasoa's presence and asked to be baptized.\nVatican | Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nA prayer for Ukraine (and the world)\nLike the Magi, look to the heavens for hope, pope says on Epiphany", "Pope advances sainthood causes of U.S. priest, Vietnamese cardinal\nUS bishops set to begin their 'ad limina' visits to Rome\nPope Francis' Vatican reforms may prompt curial pushback\nVatican team returns to Chile to 'ask forgiveness' for clergy sex abuse\nPope Francis has history, but not time, on his side in reform push"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,607
https://openjurist.org/891/f2d/1273
United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)
["United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n891 F. 2d 1273 - United States v. Montoya\n891 F2d 1273 United States v. Montoya\n29 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 298\nJuan MONTOYA, Augustine Gomez, and Augustine Ramirez,\nNos. 88-1417, 88-1418 and 88-1419.\nArgued Feb. 13, 1989.\nDecided Dec. 19, 1989.\nElliott M. Samuels, Kathryn Hall, Jerry B. Kurz, argued, Chicago, Ill., Leonard C. Remencius and Mary J. Gaziano, argued, Remencius & Associates, Rockford, Ill., for defendants-appellants.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nKeith C. Seyfert, Asst. U.S. Atty., Office of the U.S. Atty., Rockford, Ill. and James T. Zuba (argued), for plaintiff-appellee.\nBefore WOOD, Jr., POSNER and COFFEY, Circuit Judges.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nDefendants Juan Montoya, Augustine Gomez and Augustine Ramirez were convicted of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute cocaine and 1,000 kilograms or more of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 846. Montoya was also convicted of distributing approximately 12.36 grams of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 841(a)(1). Gomez and Ramirez appeal their convictions and sentences on the conspiracy charge. Montoya appeals his sentence for conspiracy and distribution of cocaine", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMontoya, Gomez and Ramirez were convicted in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois for their involvement with an international drug trafficking conspiracy operating in Rockford, Illinois. Beginning in 1982, this operation, through the use of automobiles, vans and trucks with hidden storage compartments, as well as airplanes, imported large quantities of cocaine and marijuana from Mexico into the United States", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMost of the narcotics were smuggled across the Mexico-Texas border and subsequently transported for distribution in the Rockford, Illinois, area. The organization employed a large number of persons to import, transport, store and sell narcotics. The conspiracy also employed individuals to transport and distribute the profits derived from illicit drug sales among the various co-conspirators, most of whom resided in Rockford", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn mid-1986 confidential informants, working with Rockford law enforcement officers and the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (\"DEA\"), infiltrated the drug ring and provided the law enforcement officials with the identities of the key figures in the drug network, as well as their respective drug-related activities. Additionally, the informants purchased drugs from and tape recorded a number of conversations with various members in the drug conspiracy", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nBased largely on this evidence and other information, a grand jury indicted twenty-one individuals, including the three defendants involved in this appeal, and charged them with a number of violations of the federal narcotics laws. At this point, the cases of the defendants diverge, necessitating for the sake of clarity that we consider separately the relevant facts and issues as they relate to each of the individual defendants.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nDefendant Montoya was arrested in his home in Rockford on July 19, 1987, and was charged with one count of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute cocaine and 1,000 kilograms or more of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 846 (Count One)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMontoya was also charged with one count of distributing approximately 12.36 grams of cocaine (Count Nine), one count of possession with intent to distribute approximately 893.65 grams of marijuana (Count Thirteen), and one count of possession with intent to distribute approximately 615.11 grams of cocaine (Count Fourteen), all in violation of 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 841(a)(1). On June 22, 1987, Montoya, appearing with counsel, entered a plea of not guilty", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nPursuant to a plea agreement, Montoya subsequently withdrew his original not guilty plea and entered a plea of guilty to Counts One and Nine of the indictment on December 23, 1987; the government, in turn, agreed to and did dismiss the charges against Montoya contained in Counts Thirteen and Fourteen. After a hearing, the court determined that Montoya's decision to plead guilty was made freely, voluntarily and with full knowledge of the rights he was relinquishing and accepted Montoya's plea of guilty", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe presentence report contained both the defendant's and the government's statements detailing Montoya's involvement in the conspiracy. According to Montoya, he had been selling marijuana since 1985 and cocaine since 1987. At the time of his arrest, Montoya admitted to selling approximately twenty pounds of marijuana a month, profiting between $50 and $100 per pound. Montoya also admitted to selling approximately one ounce of cocaine a month and earning between $600 and $800 per ounce", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMontoya stated that he had never possessed more than 200 pounds of marijuana, nor more than one kilogram of cocaine at any one time.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe government, in its version of Montoya's drug-related activities, stated that Montoya was \"heavily involved in the distribution of marijuana and cocaine.\" The government based its conclusion largely on Montoya's conversations with a government informant", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nSpecifically, on August 29, 1986, the government informant met with Montoya in his home and Montoya presented her with a one-pound package of marijuana, stating that it was part of a 2,000-pound load from Mexico which he had sold for between $750 and $900 per pound. Montoya also stated that he was selling both marijuana and cocaine and that he was working with Tomas Perez1 and an individual named Tony.2", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn a recorded conversation on January 20, 1987, Montoya and his wife, Donna,3 told the informant that they were willing to sell her cocaine, stating that they would teach her how to cut and package the cocaine so she could resell it at a profit", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe following day, January 21, in another recorded conversation, Montoya told the informant that he purchased approximately one kilogram of cocaine a month, stating that he sold each kilogram at a profit of $24,000 and that he could \"see\" $110,000 in one night.4 Montoya again encouraged the informant to start her own cocaine business and explained how to cut the drug for resale", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMontoya also stated that he had 2,000 pounds of marijuana available and that, at one time, he received a profit in the amount of $18,000 on the sale of twenty pounds. Later in the conversation, Montoya admitted that at one time, one of his marijuana shipments had been confiscated by the authorities. On January 22, 1987, Montoya sold the informant approximately 12.36 grams of cocaine for $900.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFinally, in a recorded conversation on June 16, 1987, Montoya told the informant that he was still in the \"business\" and that he would sell her an ounce of cocaine at a reduced price ($1,500 as opposed to $1,900) in order that she might make a profit on the resale. When he was arrested on June 19, 1987, Montoya was in possession of 615 grams of cocaine, 894 grams of marijuana, a .22 caliber weapon, $869 worth of food stamps, and a public aid card", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe government posited that Montoya was selling narcotics in exchange for the food stamps and using the public aid card to receive welfare benefits to which he was not entitled because of his income from illicit drug sales.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nReferring to the government's version of the facts, the probation officer who prepared the presentence report stated that, in his opinion, Montoya was one of the more culpable participants in this conspiracy. The officer also stated:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"It is uncertain as to whether or not the defendant was working for [Tomas Perez, Antonio Franco, and Raul Ramirez5, but it is possible that he obtained drugs from them. The defendant was extensively involved in the sale of marijuana and cocaine, and allowed his wife to also become involved in a peripheral role. In further aggravation, is the fact that this defendant also attempted to recruit at least one individual to also become a seller of narcotics.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe probation officer also concluded that Montoya had not shown a great deal of remorse for his involvement in the conspiracy; rather, he attempted to justify his illicit drug activities based on his inability to secure legitimate employment.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAt the sentencing hearing held on February 25, 1988, Montoya challenged numerous facts described by the government in the presentence report", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nSpecifically, he alleged that: (1) he never had a conversation with the informant on August 29, 1986; (2) during the January 21, 1987, conversation he stated that he could \"owe\" $110,000 in one night, as opposed to the government's statement that he could \"see\" that amount;6 (3) regarding the 20-pound marijuana sale, also discussed in the January 21 conversation, he told the informant he made $2,000 on the sale rather than $18,000; (4) he told the informant that others had had marijuana shipments confiscated, but that this had never happened to him; (5) his statement during the June 16, 1987, conversation that he was still in the \"business\" was a reference to the grocery store he owned and had nothing to do with his drug-related activities; (6) he was in possession of 588, as opposed to 615 grams of cocaine at the time of his arrest; (7) he was justified in his possession of both the food stamps and the public aid card, explaining that the food stamps were from his grocery store and that the public aid card", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nthe time of his arrest; (7) he was justified in his possession of both the food stamps and the public aid card, explaining that the food stamps were from his grocery store and that the public aid card was for his infant son's medical expenses; (8) he had never recruited the informant to sell narcotics; and (9) he had never purchased narcotics from Perez, Franco or Raul Ramirez", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMontoya also objected to the probation officer's conclusion that he was one of the more culpable participants in the conspiracy, arguing that this conclusion was apparently based on disputed information in the government's version of the facts, as well as the probation officer's opinion that he had not shown any remorse for his actions.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAfter listening to the arguments presented at sentencing, including Montoya's disagreement with the government's evidence, the district court sentenced Montoya to 15 years' imprisonment on Count One and a consecutive sentence of 3 years on Count Nine with a three-year period of supervised release to follow. In passing sentence, the trial judge stated that it was clear to him that Montoya was heavily involved in the distribution of cocaine and marijuana", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe judge also noted that Montoya had involved his wife in his illicit activities. Further, the court agreed with the conclusion that Montoya expressed no remorse for his involvement in the conspiracy, noting the defendant's refusal to cooperate with the government in identifying the suppliers and purchasers with whom he engaged in narcotics transactions", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOur review of the sentencing transcript reveals that the trial court made no findings concerning the evidence Montoya challenged at the sentencing hearing, nor did the United States Attorney or defense counsel request that the court make further findings concerning the disputed evidence", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThus, Montoya's challenges to the content of his conversations with the informant, as well as his explanations concerning the narcotics, food stamps and public aid card confiscated at the time of his arrest, were not resolved at the time of sentencing. Three weeks after the sentencing hearing, on March 21, 1988, the district court filed a written determination pursuant to Fed.R.Crim.P", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n32(c)(3)(D),7 stating that at sentencing Montoya had challenged numerous facts contained in the presentence report and that none of the disputed matters were relied upon in passing sentence on the defendant.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMontoya now appeals his sentence, arguing that he is entitled to be resentenced because the trial court violated Rule 32(c)(3)(D) in failing to determine at the time of sentencing that none of the facts disputed by the defendant at the sentencing hearing had been considered in formulating Montoya's term of incarceration. Montoya also argues that he was sentenced in violation of his due process rights because the sentence imposed by the court was based on inaccurate information.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nWhen a defendant alleges inaccuracies in his presentence report, Fed.R.Crim.P. 32(c)(3)(D) requires that the sentencing judge make findings as to the allegations or a determination that the disputed matters will not be relied upon in passing sentence prior to or contemporaneous with sentencing.8 The rule also requires that the court attach a record of its findings or determination to the presentence report", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThis rule serves to protect \"a defendant's due process right to fair sentencing procedures, particularly the right to be sentenced based on accurate information.\" United States v. Eschweiler, 782 F.2d 1385, 1387 (7th Cir.1986). Another purpose of this rule is to provide a clear record of the disposition and resolution of controverted facts in the presentence report. United States v. Perez, 858 F.2d 1272, 1276 (7th Cir.1988).", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"In order to be resentenced under Rule 32(c)(3)(D), the defendant must show that: '(1) the allegations of inaccuracy were before the sentencing court and (2) the court failed to make findings regarding the controverted matters or a determination that the disputed information would not be used in sentencing.' \" Id. at 1276-77 (quoting Eschweiler, 782 F.2d at 1389)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMontoya concedes that the district court made a written determination that none of the disputed matters had been considered in sentencing, but argues that under Rule 32(c)(3)(D) the court was required to make this determination prior to or at the time of imposing sentence. Due to the court's failure to make this determination until three weeks after the sentencing hearing, the defendant contends that we are required to remand his case to the district court for resentencing.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe resolution of this issue is not as simple as the defendant would have us believe. Although \"Rule 32 contemplates that if an assertion will not be relied on, a finding to that effect will be made before or contemporaneously with the sentencing,\" the failure to do so is subject to harmless error analysis. Kramer v. United States, 798 F.2d 192, 195 (7th Cir.1986)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn Eschweiler, this court stated that a trial court's failure to strictly comply with the dictates of Rule 32(c)(3)(D) warrants resentencing only when such would further the purposes underlying the rule. 782 F.2d at 1390. The government contends that despite the district court's failure to make the Rule 32(c)(3)(D) determination in a timely fashion, the purposes of the rule have nevertheless been served in this case, and thus, Montoya is not entitled to a resentencing hearing", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAs noted above, one of the purposes of Rule 32(c)(3)(D) is to protect a defendant's due process right to fair sentencing. This right encompasses the right to be sentenced on the basis of accurate information. United States v. Tucker, 404 U.S. 443, 447, 92 S.Ct. 589, 591, 30 L.Ed.2d 592 (1972). Montoya argues that the trial court's untimely nonreliance determination fails to satisfy this purpose of Rule 32(c)(3)(D)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAccording to him, it is obvious that the district court did, in fact, consider the challenged, allegedly unreliable information, contrary to the court's explicit statement that it did not, because without considering the challenged information, the court could not have concluded that the defendant was heavily involved in the distribution of cocaine and marijuana", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAlthough the trial court did not refer to specific evidence in reaching this conclusion, Montoya has failed to demonstrate that the court's conclusion was based on the evidence Montoya disputed at trial. As an initial matter, we are of the opinion that Montoya's admissions and the court's conclusion is most certainly supportable based solely on the unchallenged evidence presented at sentencing", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe defendant admitted that he had been engaged in selling marijuana for two years prior to his arrest in June 1987, and, furthermore, that he had access to approximately 2,000 pounds of the drug. He also stated that in the past he had possessed up to 200 pounds of the drug at various times, and furthermore, that he had in fact sold 20 pounds for $2,000", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMontoya also admitted that he began selling cocaine in 1987, possessing up to one kilogram a month and earning a profit in the amount of $24,000 on each kilogram he sold. Further, Montoya conceded that he had 588 grams of cocaine and 894 grams of marijuana in his possession at the time of his arrest. Based on this evidence alone, we are of the opinion that the trial judge was justified in concluding that Montoya was heavily involved in the distribution of narcotics.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMore importantly, we find no evidence in the record to support Montoya's contention that the district court considered any of the information Montoya challenged at sentencing. Interestingly enough, the defendant refers to only one statement of the court regarding the challenged information--namely, the court's statement that Montoya had shown no remorse for his crimes", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe trial judge did, in fact, state that he agreed with the opinion of Montoya's presentence investigation probation officer that Montoya had shown little remorse for his crimes, specifically referring to Montoya's lack of cooperation in the government's continuing investigation of the narcotics conspiracy involved in this case. However, this statement is sufficiently specific to constitute a factual finding under Rule 32(c)(3)(D)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAlthough the court stated that it had not relied on any of the disputed facts in sentencing Montoya, the only disputed matter that the court referred to at the sentencing hearing was clearly resolved on the record", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThus, other than the question of Montoya's lack of remorse, which was resolved at the time of sentencing, we conclude that the trial judge's remarks at sentencing are consistent with his determination that he had not relied on any of the disputed matters in passing sentence on Montoya.9 \"Of course it is possible that the judge's memory was playing tricks on him, that in fact when he sentenced [the defendant] he was under the influence of information in the presentence report that he didn't bother to mention, and that ..", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nhe forgot about his unrecorded mental processes.\" Johnson v. United States, 805 F.2d 1284, 1289 (7th Cir.1986). However, this mere possibility delving into the vast and uncharted valley of speculation, standing alone, is insufficient to establish that the sentencing court relied on the information disputed in this case.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThus, we reject Montoya's challenge to the district court's nonreliance determination, but emphasize, as we have done in the past, \"that our acceptance of such ex post facto determinations of nonreliance is at best reluctant--justified in this case only by our firm belief that the sentencing transcript accurately reflects [the district court's] reasons for imposing the sentence [it] did.\" Blake v. United States, 841 F.2d 203, 207 n. 3 (7th Cir.1988) (emphasis in original).", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nWe also conclude that the second purpose of Rule 32--namely, appending the presentence report with a record of the disposition and resolution of the challenged facts--has been satisfied. This purpose is aimed at \"providing the Bureau of Prisons ... with a complete record to use in [its] decision-making process.\" United States v. Moran, 845 F.2d 135, 139 (7th Cir.1988)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAlthough the court initially failed to attach a record detailing the resolution of the disputed matters to the presentence report, a copy of the sentencing transcript, as well as the court's nonreliance determination,10 has since been appended to the presentence report and filed in the record on appeal. This is sufficient to satisfy Rule 32's purpose of creating a record detailing the information relied upon by the sentencing court. See Perez, 858 F.2d at 1277.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nBased upon our review of the record, we are convinced that the purposes of Rule 32(c)(3)(D) have been served. Thus, we hold that the court's failure to make a timely determination that none of the disputed matters would be considered in determining Montoya's sentence was harmless error.\nIII. AUGUSTINE GOMEZ", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nDefendant Gomez was arrested in his Los Angeles, California, home on June 19, 1987, and was charged in Count One with conspiring to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute cocaine and 1,000 kilograms or more of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 846", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAfter arresting Gomez, DEA agents searched his house, finding no narcotics but discovering an address book containing the names \"Tomas Perez\" and \"Agustine [sic] Ramirez.\"11 Gomez was charged with conspiracy and entered a plea of not guilty on June 24, 1987, and thereafter, on December 10, 1987, reiterated his not guilty plea in response to an identical charge contained in a superseding indictment.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nA jury trial commenced on January 11, 1988, in which the government presented evidence establishing that during the course of the charged conspiracy, the defendant had numerous contacts with convicted co-conspirator Tomas Perez. Perez testified that he had known Gomez since 1979, and that they had discussed the sale of cocaine over the telephone. Despite these conversations, Perez denied that Gomez had provided him with cocaine", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe government countered Perez's denial with transcripts of recorded telephone conversations12 between Gomez and Perez, as well as with evidence of Gomez's and Perez's involvement with deliveries of large amounts of cash.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn March 17, 1987, Gomez told Perez that he had talked to \"that guy\" and that he was \"starting to feel like it\" and was \"starting to want to.\" Perez replied that he needed to \"see if something can [sic] be done\" and asked if \"he\" had all the \"information.\" Gomez responded that \"he was going to check everything out real well\" and would call \"to tell him how many, how much he wants.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn March 19, 1987, Gomez asked Perez for a $500 loan. Perez reminded Gomez that he (Perez) still owed \"fourteen\" after deducting expenses, but Gomez replied that he only wanted \"ten.\" Gomez stated that Chava, who Perez later identified as Francisco Alvarado, would be in Rockford that night and would return to Los Angeles the next morning. Based on this conversation, the Rockford Police Department set up surveillance at the Regal 8 Motel in Rockford where Perez had agreed to meet Alvarado", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn March 19, 1987, Gomez called Perez, gave him a room number at the Regal 8 and stated that \"the guy was already there.\" Immediately after this call, Perez called Alvarado at the motel and asked if Augustine had told him (Alvarado) about \"the request,\" to which Alvarado replied that he had", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe following morning, March 20, 1987, at approximately 7:28 a.m., Alvarado called Perez and told him that someone had arrived and had left \"that.\" He asked Perez what he should do about getting \"the errand.\" Perez replied that he would come to the motel. Approximately one hour later, Rockford police observed Perez entering Alvarado's room", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nPerez and Alvarado, who was observed carrying a gray suitcase, left the motel and proceeded to the New Faust Hotel in Rockford, where Alvarado was seen making a phone call. Telephone records introduced at trial revealed that on March 20, 1987, at 10:43 a.m., a telephone call was placed from the New Faust Hotel to Gomez's residence in California", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRockford police officers then followed Alvarado to the O'Hare Airport in Chicago, where they observed Alvarado purchase an airline ticket and place a second telephone call. Again, telephone records revealed that Gomez's residence in California received a call from O'Hare at the time the officers observed Alvarado place the second phone call", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAfter Alvarado boarded an airplane bound for Los Angeles, California, the officers relayed his description to DEA agents working on a narcotics task force in the Los Angeles Airport.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe DEA agents identified Alvarado when he arrived at the Los Angeles Airport, observing him walk to the departure area and speak with two Hispanic men in a red truck. The agents were later advised that the truck was registered to Augustine Gomez. After the truck departed, Alvarado proceeded to the baggage claim area and retrieved the gray suitcase. The agents stopped Alvarado as he was leaving the terminal, asking if he was carrying narcotics or large amounts of cash", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAlvarado responded that he was carrying approximately $13,000 and consented to a search of his luggage, where the agents found $26,960 in cash. The agents confiscated the money, gave Alvarado a receipt and explained the procedure to be followed in reclaiming the cash. The following day, March 21, 1987, a Spanish-speaking male telephoned Perez and told him \"that they took the money\" and that he would have to go to court if he wanted to claim it.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn April 24, 1987, Gomez and Perez engaged in another telephone conversation in which Gomez quoted Perez a price of $22,000 for a specific amount of cocaine. Perez asked Gomez to send the cocaine and to make it quick. Later that same day, Gomez called Perez and stated that \"it\" was coming. In a telephone conversation on May 6, 1987, Perez asked Gomez if \"it--he\" was there and Gomez stated that \"it\" would arrive by Saturday afternoon", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nPerez replied, \"Oh, man,\" and said there was no need to talk about it further. Five days later, on May 11, 1987, Gomez called Perez's video store and left a message stating where he (Gomez) would be that day.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nDonald Gilgan, an employee of I. Spinello Locksmith in Rockford, testified that on May 11, 1987, he made an ignition key for a Pontiac Trans Am automobile for an individual named \"A. Gomez.\" Two days later, May 13, 1987, Gomez and another individual, Jose Garcia, were stopped in the state of Utah while traveling westward in the same vehicle. Utah State Trooper Richard Haycock testified that he stopped the vehicle, driven by Garcia at the time, because its California license plates had expired", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nGomez informed Officer Haycock that the two had been in Denver, Colorado, for a wedding and were returning to Los Angeles. Upon discovering that Garcia's driver's license had also expired, Haycock requested permission to search the interior of the vehicle. After Gomez consented, Haycock found a receipt issued to \"A. Gomez\" from I. Spinello in Rockford, Illinois, and dated May 11, 1987. When presented with the receipt, Gomez denied having been in Illinois", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nHaycock discovered a homemade ramp in the trunk of the car. Upon seeing this, Gomez immediately asked Haycock if he would like to search his luggage. Haycock continued to examine the ramp, eventually discovering $44,020 in cash. Gomez stated that he did not know who owned the ramp and that two men with whom he was unfamiliar had put the ramp in the car. Gomez further stated that he did not know whether the ramp had been placed in the car in Denver or in Illinois", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nBefore leaving, Haycock searched Gomez's luggage and found a notice of seizure and forfeiture of $26,960 issued to Francisco Alvarado, of which Gomez also denied having any knowledge. Gomez declined an invitation to obtain a receipt for the $44,020 at a nearby police station and left the scene.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe final conversation introduced by the government occurred after Gomez's stop in Utah. On May 17, 1987, Gomez telephoned Perez and asked him what he had. Perez stated that \"we're going to take it easy until the next one\" because \"over here it's too much heat.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe government also introduced, over the defendant's objection, the testimony of United States Customs Inspector Charles Mazon, who stated that on January 14, 1985, while working at the Mexican border checkpoint in Tecate, California, he received notice that an automobile was in need of further searching. The person occupying the vehicle, Jose Garcia, stated that he was not the owner and had nothing to declare", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe owner, in fact, was Gomez, who had walked across the border and was waiting for Garcia to enter the United States. Upon discovering that the automobile belonged to Gomez, Customs Inspector Mazon searched Gomez and Garcia. Although Mazon found no contraband on Gomez or in his vehicle, he discovered 103.5 grams of heroin hidden in Garcia's shoes and arrested Garcia and Gomez.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFour witnesses testified on Gomez's behalf, stating that he was in Rockford on May 2, 1987, to attend a baptism and, as a favor to his brother, drove back to Los Angeles with Jose Garcia on May 11, 1987. In rebuttal, the government presented evidence that Gomez called Perez from California on May 6, 1987, thus establishing that Gomez had not remained in Rockford between the May 2 baptism and May 11, the date he allegedly departed from Rockford for the first time", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe government also presented rebuttal evidence that Gomez was required to obtain permission to travel outside of California, had done so on three previous occasions, but had failed to request permission to leave the state at any time during May of 1987.13", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn January 20, 1988, the jury convicted Gomez on the conspiracy charge. On February 26, 1988, the trial court sentenced Gomez to 15 years' incarceration. Gomez appeals his conviction, arguing that: (1) the district court abused its discretion in admitting evidence of Gomez's arrest and the seizure of heroin from Jose Garcia at the Mexican border in 1985; and (2) there was insufficient evidence to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that Gomez participated in the charged conspiracy.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nGomez contends that the district court erred in admitting the testimony of Charles Mazon, a United States Customs Inspector at the California-Mexico border, concerning Gomez's arrest after Mazon discovered 103.5 grams of heroin in Jose Garcia's shoes. Specifically, Gomez argues that Mazon's testimony was inadmissible because it involved acts not charged in the indictment falling outside the parameters of Fed.R.Evid. 404(b). That rule, which governs the admission of \"other acts\" evidence, provides:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.\"\nIn this circuit, district courts, before admitting \"other acts\" evidence under Rule 404(b), must analyze the evidence within the framework of a four-part test and determine that:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"(1) the evidence is directed toward establishing a matter in issue other than the defendant's propensity to commit the crime charged, (2) the evidence shows that the other act is similar enough and close enough in time to be relevant to the matter in issue, (3) the evidence is sufficient to support a jury finding that the defendant committed the similar act, and (4) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nUnited States v. Zapata, 871 F.2d 616, 620 (7th Cir.1989). We note that Gomez's burden in challenging the trial court's admission of \"other acts\" evidence under Rule 404(b) and its corresponding four-part test is a heavy one. It is well established that a district court's decision to admit \"other acts\" evidence is reversible only upon a determination that the court committed a clear abuse of discretion. Zapata, 871 F.2d at 621; United States v. Harrod, 856 F.2d 996, 999 (7th Cir.1988).", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAt trial, the government introduced evidence that the defendant, accompanied by Jose Garcia, had been stopped in Utah on May 13, 1987, by Utah State Trooper Richard Haycock, while traveling westbound in an automobile driven by Garcia. After discovering that Garcia's driver's license had expired, Haycock searched the car and discovered $44,020 in cash that had been hidden in a ramp in the trunk of the vehicle. Gomez denied having knowledge of the money", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe government argued at trial that the facts surrounding the Utah stop were evidence of the defendant's participation in the charged conspiracy, positing that Gomez was transporting money to Los Angeles after selling cocaine to Tomas Perez. Gomez's theory of defense was that because he allegedly had no knowledge of the money, it was impossible for him to form the requisite intent regarding the money found in the trunk, and thus, this evidence failed to demonstrate his participation in the conspiracy", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn an attempt to establish the defendant's knowledge and intent regarding the $44,020, the government offered, pursuant to Rule 404(b), Mazon's testimony concerning Gomez's stop and arrest at the Mexican border in 1985 after 103.5 grams of heroin were discovered in Jose Garcia's shoes", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe government's position was (and is) that the two stops were evidence of Gomez's and Garcia's method for transporting narcotics and the proceeds from sales thereof and was therefore admissible on the issue of knowledge and intent. The trial court agreed and, after determining that the evidence satisfied the four prongs of the Zapata test, supra, admitted the evidence.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn appeal, the defendant alleges that the district court abused its discretion in admitting Mazon's testimony because the second and fourth prongs of this Circuit's balancing test have not been satisfied.14 Specifically, Gomez argues that there is little similarity between the circumstances of his arrest at the Mexican border in 1985 and those of his stop in Utah in 1987, and that the probative value of the border stop evidence was greatly outweighed by its prejudicial effect.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn support of his claim that his arrest bears little similarity to his stop in Utah, Gomez argues that with regard to the border stop, \"Jose Garcia was clearly the major actor,\" and that even assuming Gomez's knowledge of the heroin found in Garcia's shoes, \"smuggling drugs in from Mexico has very little to do with a stop for unregistered license plates in Utah, more than two years later, and the discovery of money in the trunk.\" We disagree", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAs the government points out, the two stops exhibited many similarities, thus establishing Gomez's modus operandi for transporting contraband and proceeds from the sale thereof. For example, in each instance the defendant and Jose Garcia were traveling together, and Garcia was operating an automobile which Gomez claimed to own.15 Finally, on both occasions, Gomez and Garcia were found transporting goods that had been purposefully hidden", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAlthough the discovery of $44,020 in cash, viewed in isolation, would not automatically raise the same type of suspicions as those arising from the discovery of heroin, Gomez's behavior during the Utah stop, as well as the fact that the money was hidden in a secret compartment, as opposed to being on his person, supported the inference that the money was certainly suspect", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIndeed, Gomez gave the officer false information concerning his whereabouts prior to being stopped, stating that he had not been in Rockford when, in fact, according to his own witnesses, Gomez had been in Rockford, Illinois, from May 2, 1987, until May 11, 1987. Gomez continued to persist in this false statement even after the officer discovered the work receipt from the locksmith in Rockford", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nMoreover, after Officer Haycock discovered the ramp, Gomez made an unsuccessful attempt to divert the officer's attention by offering to open his suitcase for Haycock to search", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFinally, Gomez contradicted himself by stating that two men he did not know put the ramp in the vehicle, and further that he did not know where this had been accomplished, in Denver or in Illinois.16 In view of these facts, we agree with the district court's determination that the facts surrounding Gomez's arrest at the Mexican border and those surrounding his stop in Utah were sufficiently similar to be relevant on the issue of Gomez's knowledge and intent concerning the money found during the Utah stop.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nWe also reject the defendant's contention that the probative value of the \"other acts\" evidence was substantially outweighed by its prejudicial effect on the jury. As discussed above, the circumstances surrounding Gomez's arrest were relevant on the issue of his knowledge and intent regarding the $44,020 because both incidents reflected Gomez's modus operandi in transporting narcotics or the proceeds from sales thereof. As we stated in United States v. Blandina, 895 F.2d 293 (7th Cir. 1989):", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Relevant evidence is not inadmissible ... unless its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. The fact that evidence is prejudicial or damaging to the defendant does not of itself classify the evidence as inadmissible. United States v. Medina, 755 F.2d 1269, 1274 (7th Cir.1985)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIndeed, '[r]elevant evidence is inherently prejudicial; but it is only unfair prejudice, substantially outweighing probative value, which permits exclusion of relevant matter....' United States v. McRae, 593 F.2d 700, 707 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 862 [100 S.Ct. 128, 62 L.Ed.2d 83] (1979).\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe trial transcript reflects that the trial judge heard oral argument on the defendant's motion in limine to exclude the evidence of Gomez's arrest on January 11, 1988. At this hearing, counsel on both sides presented in detail their respective positions regarding the relative probative value and prejudicial effect of this evidence", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOnly after considering and weighing these arguments overnight did the court rule that the probative value of this evidence outweighed the danger of unfairly prejudicing the jury. Given these facts we refuse to second-guess the determination of the experienced trial judge. As we stated in United States v", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nBrown, 688 F.2d 1112, 1117 (7th Cir.1982): \"The trial judge, who saw and heard the evidence firsthand, can best balance probity and prejudice.\" Further, the transcript reveals that the judge instructed the jury twice--immediately after Mazon's testimony and during the final charge to the jury--regarding the limited purpose for which this evidence was offered. In his final charge the judge stated:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"You have heard evidence that the defendant was present at the United States/Mexico border in 1985 when Jose Garcia was stopped in the defendant's car and was found to possess heroin. This evidence of possession of heroin should not be considered in any way as part of the conspiracy charge against the defendant, Augustine Gomez", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nYou may consider this evidence only on the question of the defendant's plan, knowledge, or intent and on the question of whether the defendant acted under the absence of mistake or accident.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nWe are convinced that the trial court's instructions mitigated any unfair prejudicial effect, if any, that Mazon's testimony might have had on the jury's decision-making process. Absent evidence to the contrary, \"[w]e make the crucial and valid assumption that jurors carefully follow instructions given them by the court.\" United States v. Stern, 858 F.2d 1241, 1250 (7th Cir.1988).", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn sum, we conclude that Gomez's challenges to the admissibility of the \"other acts\" evidence are without merit. The evidence of Gomez's arrest was sufficiently similar to the circumstances of his stop in Utah in which $44,020 was discovered concealed in his automobile. Further, the probative value of this evidence was not substantially outweighed by its risk of unfairly prejudicing the jury. Accordingly, we hold that the district court did not abuse its discretion in admitting Mazon's testimony.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nGomez next argues that the evidence presented at trial is insufficient to sustain the jury's verdict finding him guilty of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute cocaine and 1,000 kilograms or more of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 846.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"In evaluating [Gomez's] sufficiency of the evidence challenge, we note that he bears a heavy burden. Initially, we 'review all the evidence and all the reasonable inferences that can be drawn from the evidence in the light most favorable to the government.' \" United States v. Nesbitt, 852 F.2d 1502, 1509 (7th Cir.1988) (quoting United States v. Pritchard, 745 F.2d 1112, 1122 (7th Cir.1984)), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 109 S.Ct. 808, 102 L.Ed.2d 798 (1989)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Once a defendant has been found guilty of the crime charged, the factfinder's role as weigher of the evidence is preserved through a legal conclusion that upon judicial review all of the evidence is to be considered in the light most favorable to the prosecution.\" Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979) (emphasis in original and footnote omitted)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThus, the relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in this light, \"any rational trier of fact could have found the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.\" Id. at 319, 99 S.Ct. at 2789. \"Only when the record contains no evidence, regardless of how it is weighed, from which the jury could find guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, may an appellate court overturn the verdict.\" United States v. Whaley, 830 F.2d 1469, 1473 (7th Cir.1987) (quoting United States v", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"A conspiracy is commonly defined as 'a combination or confederation of two or more persons formed for the purpose of committing, by their joint efforts, a criminal act.' \" United States v. Koenig, 856 F.2d 843, 854 (7th Cir.1988) (quoting United States v. DeCorte, 851 F.2d 948, 953 (7th Cir.1988))", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Thus, the 'essential elements of conspiracy under \u00a7 846 [of the Controlled Substances Act] are the existence of an agreement between two or more individuals, with the intent to commit an offense in violation of the Controlled Substances Act.' \" Nesbitt, 852 F.2d at 1510 (quoting United States v. Sweeney, 688 F.2d 1131, 1140 (7th Cir.1982))", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFurthermore, the government must establish that the defendant was aware of the conspiracy and intentionally \"join[ed] and associat[ed] himself with its criminal design and purpose.\" United States v. Griffin, 827 F.2d 1108, 1117 (7th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 909, 108 S.Ct. 1085, 99 L.Ed.2d 243 (1988). In establishing these elements, we note that it is proper for the government to offer and for the jury to consider circumstantial evidence. United States v. Vega, 860 F.2d 779, 793 (7th Cir.1988)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"By its very nature, a conspiracy 'is conceived and carried out clandestinely, and direct evidence of the crime is rarely available.' \" United States v. Mayo, 721 F.2d 1084, 1088 (7th Cir.1983) (quoting United States v. Washington, 586 F.2d 1147, 1153 (7th Cir.1978)). Thus, \"[n]ot only is the use of circumstantial evidence permissible, but circumstantial evidence may be the sole support for a conviction.\" United States v", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nReed, 875 F.2d 107, 111 (7th Cir.1989) (quoting Vega, 860 F.2d at 793-94) (emphasis in original and citations omitted). Although the jury's verdict may not rest \"solely on the piling of inference upon inference ..., [t]he view that the prosecution's case must answer all questions and remove all doubts ... of course, is not the law because that would be impossible; the proof need only satisfy reasonable doubt.\" Nesbitt, 852 F.2d at 1511 (emphasis in original and citations omitted).", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nGomez does not contest on appeal that the government failed to establish the existence of the charged conspiracy. Thus, the only question is whether the evidence supports the jury's conclusion that Gomez intentionally joined and participated in the conspiratorial scheme. See Griffin, supra. In considering this question on previous occasions, this court has noted:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Participation in a criminal conspiracy may be shown through the use of circumstantial evidence. Circumstantial evidence may include whether the defendant has a stake in the outcome of the conspiracy", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOnce a conspiracy is shown to exist evidence that establishes a particular defendant's participation beyond a reasonable doubt, although the connection between defendant and conspiracy is slight, is sufficient to convict....\" \"[M]ere association, knowledge or approval of a conspiracy is not sufficient to prove a defendant's guilt. However, while 'mere presence at the scene of the crime or mere association with conspirators will not themselves support a conspiracy conviction ..", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\npresence of a single act will suffice if the circumstances permit the inference that the presence or act was intended to advance the ends of the conspiracy.' \"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nUnited States v. Xheka, 704 F.2d 974, 988-89 (7th Cir.) (quoting United States v. Mancillas, 580 F.2d 1301, 1308 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 958, 99 S.Ct. 361, 58 L.Ed.2d 351 (1978)), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 993, 104 S.Ct. 486, 78 L.Ed.2d 682 (1983) (citations omitted). Accord United States v. Diaz, 876 F.2d 1344, 1352 (7th Cir.1989); Vega, 860 F.2d at 795.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nApplying these standards to the facts of this case, there is little question that the government presented sufficient evidence from which the jury could conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Gomez was a knowing participant in the charged conspiracy. Specifically, Gomez was implicated in the seizure of $26,960 from Francisco Alvarado at the Los Angeles Airport, as well as his arrest in Utah after $44,020 was discovered in the trunk of his car", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nWith regard to the seizure of the $26,960, transcripts from telephone conversations between Gomez and convicted coconspirator Tomas Perez reveal that Gomez sent Alvarado to Rockford on an \"errand\" on March 19, 1987. On that same day, Gomez requested a loan of \"ten\" from Perez. On March 20, 1987, Rockford police officers observed Perez meet with Alvarado at two hotels in the Rockford area", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe officers also observed Alvarado make two telephone calls, one from a hotel in Rockford and the other from O'Hare Airport in Chicago. Telephone records introduced at trial revealed that Gomez's residence in Los Angeles had received telephone calls from both locations on March 20, 1987, at the same times that Alvarado was observed placing telephone calls", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFurthermore, after Alvarado arrived in Los Angeles, DEA agents working on the narcotics task force in the Los Angeles Airport observed him speaking with two Hispanic males in a red truck registered to Gomez. When questioned by the agents as to whether he was carrying narcotics or large amounts of cash, Alvarado responded that he had approximately $13,000 in his possession", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nUpon the agents' discovery of $26,960, Alvarado claimed that various individuals, none of whom was the defendant, had lent him the money. The agents took possession of the $26,960, issued Alvarado a receipt for the seized money, and advised him how to retrieve it should he so desire. Less than two months later, on May 13, 1987, this receipt was found in Gomez's possession when he was stopped in Utah and $44,020 was discovered hidden in his vehicle.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nA second sequence of events implicating Gomez as a participant in the conspiracy involves his trip to Rockford in May 1987. Perez admitted that on April 24, 1987, he and Gomez had engaged in a conversation in which Gomez proposed to sell him one kilogram of cocaine for $22,000. Prior to this conversation, Gomez had told Perez that he was \"starting to feel like it\" and \"starting to want to.\" Gomez also stated that he intended to call \"that guy ..", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nto tell him how many, how much he wants.\" Less than two weeks later, on May 6, 1987, Gomez called Perez from California and Perez asked if \"it-he\" was there. Gomez replied that \"it\" would arrive by the following Saturday.17", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOne week after this conversation, on May 13, 1987, Gomez was stopped in Utah en route from Rockford to Los Angeles and was found to be in possession of $44,020, which had been hidden in the trunk of his car. Utah State Trooper Richard Haycock also found a receipt from a Rockford (Illinois) locksmith issued to \"A. Gomez\" and dated May 11, 1987, and a receipt of seizure and forfeiture of $26,960 issued to Francisco Alvarado on March 20, 1987", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFour days later, May 17, 1987, Gomez telephoned Perez and asked him what he had. Perez replied, \"We're going to take it easy until the next one\" because \"over here it's too much heat.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe fact that portions of the conversations between Gomez and Perez may have been somewhat vague does not preclude a determination that Gomez participated in the drug conspiracy. Vega, 860 F.2d at 795. As we observed in United States v. Zanin, 831 F.2d 740, 744 (7th Cir.1987): \"Conversations regarding drug transactions are rarely clear", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nA fact-finder must always draw inferences from veiled allusions and code words.\" In this case the jury was confronted with conversations in which Gomez and Perez used code words such as \"he\" and \"it.\" It is widely recognized that drug conspirators often employ code words in their conversations concerning narcotics transactions \"when they realize, as they do in today's drug culture, that their telephone conversations are frequently intercepted.\" Vega, 860 F.2d at 795", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThese code words, \"when considered in isolation, might seem unclear, veiled and almost nonsensical, but when analyzed properly, in the context of the totality of the evidence, can be clearly seen to be 'code words' for drugs.\" Id. Considering the use of these code words in light of the totality of the circumstances, especially Tomas Perez's admission that he and Gomez had negotiated the sale of cocaine on April 24, 1987, the evidence of Gomez's participation in the conspiracy is most convincing.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAs is common among defendants appealing conspiracy convictions under the federal narcotics laws, Gomez offers numerous explanations and denials regarding the government's evidence, all of which are either without support or contradicted by other evidence.18 In any case, these explanations are irrelevant on appeal. As we noted in Zanin, supra:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Phyllis Zanin argues that all conversations in which she participated are susceptible to an innocent explanation. This may or may not be true--but it is irrelevant. The existence of an innocent explanation does not foreclose a jury from finding guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The jury was entitled to draw reasonable inferences from the conversations.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n831 F.2d at 745. Similarly, the jury in this case \"exercising well-reasoned judgment could very well conclude that the inculpatory inferences outweigh the exculpatory inferences that could be drawn from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt.\" Nesbitt, 852 F.2d at 1511. We emphasize that \"[j]uries are allowed to draw upon their own experience in life as well as their common sense in reaching their verdict.... While '[c]ommon sense is not a substitute for evidence, ..", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\ncommon sense should be used to evaluate what reasonably may be inferred from circumstantial evidence.' \" Id. (citations omitted). After reviewing all of the evidence and the logical inferences drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to the government, we are satisfied that a rational jury could and did conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Gomez participated in the conspiracy charged in Count One of the indictment.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nDefendant Ramirez was arrested at his home in Rockford, Illinois, on June 19, 1987, and charged with conspiring to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute cocaine and 1,000 kilograms or more of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 846 (Count One). Ramirez appeared in court with counsel on June 24, 1987, and entered a plea of not guilty", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn December 2, 1987, Ramirez appeared in court with his attorney, stating that he wished to withdraw his original plea of not guilty and to enter a plea of guilty.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAt the change of plea hearing, after defense counsel informed the court that Ramirez was \"reasonably conversant in English,\"19 the government recited the charge against Ramirez and presented an extensive factual basis to support Ramirez's guilty plea. The factual basis consisted primarily of a government informant's conversations with the defendant and other co-conspirators indicted in Count One concerning various aspects of the drug trafficking operation", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nSpecifically, the government alleged that on December 27, 1986, Ramirez recruited the informant to import narcotics from Mexico to Rockford, Illinois, and to distribute the proceeds from the sales of the drugs to the other members of the operation. On February 14, 1987, the informant recorded a conversation with Eva Ramirez,20 who stated that the defendant would be taking care of business \"at this end\" while she and her husband Raul, the defendant's brother, were in El Paso, Texas", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThis fact was later confirmed in a conversation between the informant and Javier Preciado.21 Preciado further stated that the defendant was selling marijuana at prices ranging from $650 to $800 per pound. Preciado, in a subsequent conversation, told the informant that Ramirez was helping him unload narcotics in Rockford and knew how to test them for quality.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe government also presented evidence of the seizure of $116,000 in cash from Tomas Perez at O'Hare Airport in Chicago. Perez, who was leaving for Mexico at the time of the seizure, informed law enforcement officials that approximately $30,000 of the cash belonged to Augustine Ramirez and that he (Perez) was transporting the money to Ramirez's relatives in Mexico", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn May 14, 1987, the informant recorded a conversation with Perez, who stated that he could provide the informant with cocaine and marijuana for resale, but that she might have to obtain the drugs from Ramirez.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn June 13, 1987, the informant recorded a conversation with Ramirez in which she asked Ramirez for cocaine because Perez, her usual supplier, was in Mexico. Ramirez replied that it would cost $1,500 an ounce unless the informant agreed to purchase two ounces a week, in which case the price would be less. Ramirez stated, however, that he did not keep drugs at his residence and suggested that she contact Preciado", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez also suggested that the informant could earn a profit by functioning as a courier between the suppliers and distributors of cocaine. The government also noted that after arresting Ramirez and searching his house, DEA agents confiscated more than $37,000 in cash, approximately 240 pounds of marijuana, two handguns, and a triple-beam scale.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFollowing the government's presentation of facts, the trial judge asked Ramirez whether the government's factual allegations were correct. Ramirez replied, \"Well, some of them are, some of them I don't [agree with].\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe judge then stated, \"I want to go over the matters to which you understand you're pleading and ask you some specific questions concerning what your understanding is as to what you're pleading to at the present time.\" The court reiterated the conspiracy charge as it appeared in the indictment, asking Ramirez if he had read the indictment and discussed the conspiracy charge with his attorney. Ramirez responded in the affirmative", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez responded, \"Well the connection with the conspiracy was ... I only did it with my brother and this other guy. Most of the other guys I didn't even know them, you know. The only thing I did is ... I helped a little bit my brother.\" The defendant proceeded to explain that he had assisted his brother, as well as an individual named Bertha Villareal and another individual, in unloading and weighing three 240-pound shipments of marijuana, and that one of the shipments had been stored at his home", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez admitted that he knew the shipments were marijuana and stated that each shipment had a street value of approximately $100,000. Further, Ramirez stated that on one occasion he had sold approximately 25 pounds of marijuana for $500 per pound.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFollowing the defendant's statements regarding his involvement in the conspiracy, the court again asked him if he had any dispute with the evidence the government presented as the factual basis for his plea of guilty to the conspiracy charge", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez stated that he had never recruited the informant to transport narcotics and cash, that he had neither possessed nor sold cocaine, that he was not serious when he told the informant he could supply her with cocaine, that no portion of the money seized from Perez at O'Hare belonged to him, and that he had never agreed to take over the business while his brother was in El Paso.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe government stated that the evidence contradicted Ramirez's denials, but that, in any case, Ramirez's description of his role and activities in the operation provided a sufficient factual basis for his plea of guilty to the conspiracy charge. The court agreed, but as a precautionary measure, again questioned the defendant regarding his role in the conspiracy", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn response to the court's questions Ramirez confirmed that he had participated in three 240-pound shipments of marijuana, being paid $500 per shipment, and that one of the shipments had been stored in his house. Ramirez also confirmed that he had sold a portion from one of the shipments, profiting $700 on the sale. The court stated that considering all of Ramirez's admissions, there was a sufficient factual basis for his plea of guilty", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe court then proceeded to inform him of the rights he was waiving by pleading guilty, specifically stating that the maximum penalty for his offense was life imprisonment and a $4,000,000 fine. The defendant stated that he understood all of his rights, as well as the maximum penalty, and further stated that he was, in fact, guilty of the conspiracy charge", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe court thereafter accepted Ramirez's plea of guilty, stating that \"the defendant is competent to enter his plea, that the plea is knowledgeable, voluntary, and has a basis in fact.\" The court then ordered the preparation of a presentence report.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez's sentencing hearing was held on February 26, 1988. In its factual statement in the presentence report, the government essentially restated the evidence presented as the factual basis for Ramirez's guilty plea at the defendant's change of plea hearing. In his statement in the presentence report, Ramirez insisted that his involvement in the conspiracy had been limited to assisting his brother with the three shipments of marijuana during 1986 and 1987", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAt the outset of the hearing, defense counsel informed the court that he had gone over the report with the defendant and that they were not contesting any of the facts presented in the report. The trial judge then addressed Ramirez, who confirmed that he had read the report, had gone over it with his attorney, and understood the factual allegations therein. The judge asked the defendant whether he wished to make any changes in the report. Ramirez responded, \"Well, the ones I already told [my attorney].\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nDefense counsel replied that there was, in fact, a reference in the report to the $37,000 found in Ramirez's possession at the time of his arrest and stated that the money belonged to the defendant's brother Raul. The judge stated that the objection was noted for the record, but that the reference would be left in the report as stated. The judge further stated that he intended to address the dispute in his Rule 32(c)(3)(D) findings.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAfter listening to the parties' sentencing arguments, the trial court sentenced the defendant to a period of twelve years' imprisonment. In passing sentence, the court stated that in its opinion the defendant \"was heavily involved in this case,\" referring to the \"250 pounds of marijuana, more than $37,000 in cash, and two nine-millimeter automatic pistols\" found in his possession at the time of his arrest", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe judge rejected the defendant's explanation that the pistols had been obtained for self-protection after his home had been burglarized, and stated, \"I think he had them because he was a drug dealer, and he had them for his protection of his ill-gotten gains and the marijuana and cocaine that he was dealing with.\" Approximately one month later, on April 4, 1988, the district court filed a written determination, pursuant to Fed.R.Crim.P", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n32(c)(3)(D), stating that Ramirez had challenged the presentence report's reference to the $37,000 seized at the time of his arrest and that this matter had not been relied upon in determining Ramirez's sentence.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn appeal, Ramirez challenges his conviction and sentence on the conspiracy charge, contending that: (1) the district court failed to comply with Fed R.Crim.P. 11 in accepting his plea of guilty; and (2) his sentence should be vacated because (a) he was deprived of his sixth amendment right to effective assistance of counsel at his sentencing hearing, (b) the district court violated Fed.R.Crim.P", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n32(c)(3)(D) by failing to state prior to or contemporaneous with sentencing that it would not consider the $37,000 found in Ramirez's home at the time of arrest in determining his sentence, and (c) the district court sentenced him under the wrong law.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez, in the context of a pro se brief, initially argues that his plea of guilty to the conspiracy charge is invalid because the district court failed to comply with Fed.R.Crim.P. 11 in accepting the plea", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nSpecifically, Ramirez contends that his plea was not entered voluntarily and intelligently because the court failed to adhere to the admonition requirements set forth in Rule 11(c)(1).22 Ramirez further argues that the district court violated Rule 11(f) in accepting his guilty plea because there was an inadequate factual basis for the plea.23", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRule 11(c)(1) sets forth procedures \"designed to assist the district judge in making the constitutionally required determination that a defendant's guilty plea is truly voluntary. [ ]\" McCarthy v. United States, 394 U.S. 459, 465, 89 S.Ct. 1166, 1170, 22 L.Ed.2d 418 (1969) (footnote omitted)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nToward this end, Rule 11(c)(1) \"expressly directs the district judge to inquire whether a defendant who pleads guilty understands the nature of the charge against him and whether he is aware of the consequences of his plea.\" Id. As a rule, failure to comply with Rule 11(c)(1) constitutes reversible error in this circuit. United States v. Peden, 872 F.2d 1303, 1306 (7th Cir.1989). However, literal compliance is not required", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn reviewing plea proceedings for compliance with Rule 11 we should not give \" 'Rule 11 such a crabbed interpretation that ceremony [is] exalted over substance.' \" United States v. Ray, 828 F.2d 399, 404 (7th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 64, 108 S.Ct. 1233, 99 L.Ed.2d 432 (1988) (citation omitted). Rather, the issue is \"whether, looking at the total circumstances surrounding the plea, the defendant was informed of his or her rights.\" United States v", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nDespite the district judge's detailed questioning of Ramirez at the change of plea hearing, as well as his explicit finding that Ramirez's decision to plead guilty was knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily made, Ramirez nevertheless contends that the district judge violated Rule 11(c)(1) by failing to inform him of the nature of the conspiracy charge, the mandatory minimum sentence accompanying a conspiracy conviction under 21 U.S.C", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\u00a7 846, and the possibility that he would be deported to Mexico upon the completion of his prison term. At the outset, we reject Ramirez's contention that the district court's failure to inform him of the possibility of deportation constitutes a violation of Rule 11. In United States v. Suter, 755 F.2d 523, 525 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1103, 105 S.Ct", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n2331, 85 L.Ed.2d 848 (1985), we stated that Rule 11 entitles a defendant \"to be informed of the direct, not all the collateral, consequences of his plea.\" It is well settled that the possibility of deportation is a collateral consequence of a guilty plea.24 See United States v. Romero-Vilca, 850 F.2d 177, 179 (3d Cir.1988); Downs-Morgan v. United States, 765 F.2d 1534, 1538 (11th Cir.1985); United States v. Russell, 686 F.2d 35, 39 (D.C.Cir.1982); Nunez-Cordero v", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nUnited States, 533 F.2d 723, 726 (1st Cir.1976); Fruchtman v. Kenton, 531 F.2d 946, 948-49 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 895, 97 S.Ct. 256, 50 L.Ed.2d 178 (1976); Michel v. United States, 507 F.2d 461, 464-65 (2d Cir.1974). See also United States v. George, 869 F.2d 333, 337 (7th Cir.1989). Thus, the district court was not required to discuss the possibility of deportation with the defendant and did not violate Rule 11(c)(1) in this regard.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nSimilarly unavailing is Ramirez's assertion that the court violated Rule 11 by failing to inform him that a mandatory minimum sentence of ten years' imprisonment accompanied a conviction for conspiracy under 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 846. At the time Ramirez was sentenced, section 846 provided:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Any person who ... conspires to commit any offense in this subchapter is punishable by imprisonment or fine or both which may not exceed the maximum punishment prescribed for the offense, the commission of which was the object of the ... conspiracy.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n(Emphasis added).25 Apparently the defendant is under the belief that his conspiracy conviction carried a ten-year minimum sentence because 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 841(b)(1)(A)(iv) provides for a ten-year minimum penalty to individuals convicted of possessing with intent to distribute 1,000 kilograms or more of marijuana, which, according to the indictment, was the object of the conspiracy", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThis belief is somewhat puzzling in light of the fact that the government informed the defendant, as well as the court, that such was not the case in a pleading to correct prior representations by the United States Attorney that section 846 did, in fact, carry a minimum sentence of ten years.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn any event, the statutory provision above makes no reference to a mandatory minimum penalty; rather, it provides only that a sentence imposed under that section may not exceed the maximum penalty accompanying the substantive offense charged as the object of the conspiracy. Where a conspiracy statute fails to make reference to special penalty provisions such as mandatory minimum periods of incarceration, the special penalties may not be imposed for convictions under the conspiracy statute. See Bifulco v", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nUnited States, 447 U.S. 381, 100 S.Ct. 2247, 65 L.Ed.2d 205 (1980) (holding that \"special parole term\" accompanying a conviction for an offense charged as the object of the conspiracy is not imposable for violation of section 846).26 Thus, no mandatory minimum penalty accompanied Ramirez's conspiracy conviction because the version of section 846 under which he was convicted makes no provision for the imposition of a minimum penalty. United States v. Campbell, 704 F.Supp. 661, 663-65 (E.D.Va.1989)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nConsequently, we hold that Ramirez's claim that the trial judge violated Rule 11 in failing to inform him of the mandatory minimum sentence under that section is without merit.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez's final allegation of error under Rule 11(c)(1) is that the district court failed to explain the nature of the conspiracy charge contained in Count One of the indictment. It is well settled that \"Rule 11(c)(1) requires that the district court, before accepting a guilty plea, inform the defendant of the nature of the charge and determine whether the defendant understands the charge.\" United States v. Cusenza, 749 F.2d 473, 474 (7th Cir.1984)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe purpose of this requirement is to assure that a defendant, wishing to plead guilty, is not misled regarding the nature of the offense with which he stands charged. 1 C. Wright, Federal Practice and Procedure \u00a7 173, at 587 (2d ed. 1982)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThis court has recognized that \"[t]he colloquy necessary to satisfy Rule 11 'will vary from case to case depending on the complexity of the charges and the personal characteristics of the defendant including age, education, intelligence, alacrity of his responses, and whether he is represented by counsel.' \" United States v. Darling, 766 F.2d 1095, 1098 (7th Cir.1985) (citations omitted)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThus, in reviewing the particular plea procedure employed by a trial court we have adopted a \"flexible and practical approach\" focusing on \"whether, under the totality of the circumstances, the purpose of Rule 11(c)(1) has been served.\" United States v. Gray, 611 F.2d 194, 199 (7th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 911, 100 S.Ct. 1840, 64 L.Ed.2d 264 (1980).", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn the present case the district court explicitly informed the defendant that he was charged with conspiring with various individuals to possess with intent to distribute cocaine and marijuana", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe court went on to state that \"as part of the conspiracy, the defendants would and did travel between Rockford, the State of Texas, and the Republic of Mexico for the purpose of acquiring cocaine and marijuana for transportation to and distribution in Rockford.\" After reciting the conspiracy charge as it appeared in the indictment, the trial judge asked Ramirez if he had read the indictment and if he had discussed the conspiracy charge with his attorney; Ramirez responded that he had", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFurther, based on its questioning of Ramirez, the trial court explicitly found that Ramirez understood the nature of the charges against him. This alone has been held to be sufficient compliance with Rule 11(c)(1). See United States v. Thompson, 680 F.2d 1145, 1154-55 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1089, 103 S.Ct. 573, 74 L.Ed.2d 934 (1982)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIndeed, the court's statements informed Ramirez that he was charged with acting in concert with other individuals to possess and distribute narcotics in the Rockford area. This is the essence of conspiracy. See United States v. Koenig, 856 F.2d 843, 854 (7th Cir.1988) (\"A conspiracy is commonly defined as 'a combination or confederation of two or more persons formed for the purpose of committing, by their joint efforts, a criminal act.' \" (quoting United States v", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFurthermore, we are convinced from the colloquy between the court and Ramirez concerning his role in the conspiracy that he fully understood the nature of the charge against him. As an initial matter, we note that Ramirez was twenty-nine years old, had lived in the United States for approximately thirteen years, and had a good command of the English language", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn two separate occasions during the guilty plea proceeding, Ramirez admitted that in 1986 and 1987 he had been paid to assist his brother Raul and at least two other individuals in unloading, weighing and storing three 240-pound shipments of marijuana. Ramirez stated that after receiving a shipment, he then waited for his brother to decide what he wanted to do with the marijuana", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nHe also admitted that he sold 25 pounds from one of these shipments for a price of $500 per pound, making an overall profit of $700 from the sale. Thus, Ramirez's own description of his role within the operation reflects that a confederation of individuals acted in concert to distribute narcotics, that Ramirez intentionally participated in this confederation and that he committed overt acts in furtherance of the confederation's conspiratorial scheme", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez thus admitted to all of the elements necessary to establish guilt under 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 846, see United States v. Mealy, 851 F.2d 890, 896 (7th Cir.1988), which is sufficient to establish his understanding of the nature of the charge. See Cusenza, 749 F.2d at 476. The fact that Ramirez denied portions of the government's factual basis does not detract from our conclusion that he understood the nature of the conspiracy charge", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIndeed, his denials reflect that \"he was aware of what he had done and was clarifying what he had not done.\" Ray, 828 F.2d at 413 (emphasis in original). The defendant specifically stated that he fully understood the facts which he was admitting. Moreover, he admitted three different times that he had participated in the conspiracy charged. We are therefore satisfied that Ramirez understood the nature of the charge against him", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAccordingly, we hold that the district court fully complied with Rule 11(c)(1) in accepting Ramirez's plea of guilty and affirm the court's conclusion that Ramirez's decision to enter the plea was made freely, voluntarily and with full knowledge of the charge against him as well as the rights he was relinquishing.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez also contends that the district court erred in accepting his guilty plea to the conspiracy charge because there was an inadequate factual basis for the plea. Rule 11(f) requires that the trial court, prior to accepting an accused's plea of guilty, determine that a factual basis exists to support the plea. The court can make this determination from \"anything that appears on the record.\" Ray, 828 F.2d at 405-06", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThus, a trial court can satisfy itself that a factual basis exists from, among others, the government's presentation of evidence, the information contained in the presentence report, and the statements of the defendant in response to questions posed by the court. Although the government presented overwhelming evidence to support Ramirez's plea during its recitation of the factual basis, we need look no further than the colloquy between the court and the defendant regarding Ramirez's role in the conspiracy", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"As often occurs, parts of the colloquy simultaneously satisfy both the 'nature of the charge' and the 'factual basis' requirements of Rule 11.\" United States v. Lovett, 844 F.2d 487, 490 (7th Cir.1988). The defendant admitted that he acted in concert with his brother Raul and at least two other individuals in loading, storing, weighing, and distributing marijuana during 1986 and 1987", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThus, we agree with the trial court that the defendant's knowingly presented admissions were sufficient to establish an adequate factual basis for the defendant's guilty plea. Accordingly, we hold that Rule 11(f) has been satisfied in this case.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRamirez next contends that we should vacate his sentence on the conspiracy charge and remand to the district court for resentencing. In support of this claim, Ramirez argues that his attorney's performance at the sentencing hearing amounted to constitutionally ineffective assistance of counsel. Further, he contends that the district court violated Fed.R.Crim.P", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n32(c)(3)(D) in failing to determine until five weeks after sentencing that facts disputed by the defendant at the sentencing hearing had not been considered in formulating Ramirez's term of imprisonment. Finally, Ramirez argues that \"he should have been sentenced under the 1982 law and not the 1986 law.\" With regard to the third argument, Ramirez is apparently contending that he should not have been sentenced under the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, Pub.L. No. 99-570, 100 Stat", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n3207 (1986), in which Congress increased the penalties for violations of the federal narcotics laws. We hold this argument to be without merit because Ramirez admitted to acting in furtherance of the charged conspiracy as late as June 18, 1987. Because the Anti-Drug Abuse Act was signed into law on October 27, 1986, well before Ramirez's participation in the conspiracy ceased, the trial court properly sentenced him according to the provisions of the 1986 Act", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFurther, we need not consider Ramirez's ineffective assistance of counsel claim27 because we agree with his contention that the trial court violated Rule 32(c)(3)(D), and thus, remand to the district court for resentencing on that basis.28", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAt the sentencing hearing defense counsel informed the court that Ramirez challenged the presentence report's characterization of the approximately $37,000 in cash found in the defendant's possession at the time of his arrest as assets attributable to Ramirez. According to the defendant, the money belonged to his brother Raul. The trial court noted the objection, but stated that the reference would be left in the report as stated, and that he would address the matter in his Rule 32(c)(3)(D) findings", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nNot until five weeks later did the court file its Rule 32(c)(3)(D) determination that this matter had not been relied on in sentencing the defendant, a technical violation of the rule. See Kramer, supra, 798 F.2d at 195. The government argues, as it did in Montoya's case, that resentencing is not required because the purposes of Rule 32(c)(3)(D) have been served despite the district court's failure to make its nonreliance determination in a timely fashion.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAs noted above, one of the purposes of Rule 32(c)(3)(D) is to protect a defendant's right to be sentenced on the basis of accurate information. See Eschweiler, supra, 782 F.2d at 1385. Ramirez argues that despite the district court's determination of nonreliance, the district court did, in fact, rely on the $37,000 found in the defendant's possession in passing sentence. In support of this argument, Ramirez refers us to the following statement of the court at the sentencing hearing:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Augustine was heavily involved in this case. I would point out that at the time of his capture in this case, ... he had in his possession 250 pounds of marijuana, more than $37,000 in cash, and two nine-millimeter pistols.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn its brief, the government completely ignores the district court's reference to the $37,000. When questioned on the court's reference to the $37,000 at oral argument, the government stated only that possession and ownership are separate legal concepts, and thus, the court's reference to the defendant's possession of the money in no way demonstrates that the court was attributing ownership to Ramirez. As we stated at oral argument, this explanation calls for hairsplitting", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe trial judge explicitly referred to the $37,000 in concluding at sentencing that the defendant was \"heavily involved in this case.\" Because of the court's somewhat ambiguous statement at sentencing referred to above, we refuse to speculate as to what the court meant by this reference", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn our opinion, the defendant has made a sufficient showing that the court's ex post facto nonreliance determination regarding the money is not clear enough in its present form for us to hold that it is in compliance with the dictates of Rule 32(c)(3)(D).", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAccordingly, we remand Ramirez's case to the district court for resentencing and, specifically, for a more definite finding as to Ramirez's ownership interest--whether it was mere possession or actual ownership--in the $37,000 and the effect of this interest on the sentence the court imposes.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFor all of the foregoing reasons, we affirm the sentence of Juan Montoya. We also affirm the conviction and sentence of Augustine Gomez. Finally, we affirm the conviction of Augustine Ramirez, but remand his case to the district court for resentencing.", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nTomas Perez pled guilty to and was convicted of conspiracy (Count One) and distributing 916 grams of marijuana (Count Twelve). Perez was sentenced to 21 years' imprisonment with a period of two years' supervised release to follow. We rejected Perez's challenge to his sentence in United States v. Perez, 858 F.2d 1272 (7th Cir.1988)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAccording to the government, Montoya's statement that he was working with \"Tony\" is a reference to Antonio Franco. Franco was convicted of conspiracy (Count One) and sentenced to thirty-five years' imprisonment. We upheld Franco's conviction on appeal in United States v. Franco, 874 F.2d 1136 (7th Cir.1989)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nDonna Montoya pled guilty to and was convicted of conspiracy (Count One) and possessing with intent to distribute approximately 893.65 grams of marijuana (Count Thirteen). She was sentenced to a term of three years' probation\nSee infra note 6", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRaul Ramirez, the brother of defendant-appellant Augustine Ramirez, pled guilty to and was convicted of conspiracy (Count One) and possessing with intent to distribute 35 grams of marijuana (Count Seven). He was sentenced to fifteen years' incarceration with a term of three years' supervised release to follow. We affirmed Ramirez's sentence on appeal. See Perez, supra note 1", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe defendant stated that the government's use of the term \"see\" was an attempt to portray Montoya as someone \"coming into large sums of money nightly, when the same simply was not the case.\" The government replied that whether \"see\" or \"owe\" was the proper word, the context of the conversation revealed that Montoya was dealing in substantial quantities of narcotics for large sums of money\nRule 32(c)(3)(D) provides:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"If the comments of the defendant and the defendant's counsel or testimony or other information introduced by them allege any factual inaccuracy in the presentence investigation report or the summary of the report or part thereof, the court shall, as to each matter controverted, make (i) a finding as to the allegation, or (ii) a determination that no such finding is necessary because the matter controverted will not be taken into account in sentencing", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nA written record of such findings and determinations shall be appended to and accompany any copy of the presentence investigation report thereafter made available to the Bureau of Prisons.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n(Emphasis added). As the highlighted language within the rule makes clear, the trial court must make its nonreliance determination, if one is to be made, prior to or contemporaneous with sentencing. See Kramer v. United States, 798 F.2d 192, 195 (7th Cir.1986).\nSee supra note 7", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIn light of our holding that Montoya has failed to establish that the trial court relied on any of the disputed information, we need not consider his contention that the court violated his due process right to be sentenced on the basis of accurate information by considering the disputed information", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nSee Eschweiler, 782 F.2d at 1387 (\"[I]n order to show a due process violation, the defendant must raise grave doubt as to the veracity of the information and show that the court relied on that false information in determining the sentence.\")", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe record does not reflect the date on which the sentencing transcript and nonreliance determination were attached to Montoya's presentence report\nA subsequent search of Augustine Ramirez's residence in Rockford revealed an address book containing the name \"Augustine Gomez,\" along with Gomez's California telephone number", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nOn March 10, 1987, the government obtained court authorization to intercept and record telephone calls to and from Perez's home in Rockford. This wire interception began on March 12, 1987, and continued until June 19, 1987. On April 24, 1987, the government received further authorization to intercept wire communications to and from Perez's business, also in Rockford. This interception took place from April 25, 1987, to May 24, 1987, and again from June 10, 1987, to June 19, 1987", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nGomez was on probation for a prior misdemeanor conviction and was required to report his absence from the Central District of California to his supervising probation officer. The jury was informed of neither Gomez's prior offense nor his probationary status", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe defendant initially alleges that the district court failed to exercise any discretion whatsoever in admitting Mazon's testimony. We need not consider this allegation because of our holding, infra, that the district court properly determined that the testimony satisfied Rule 404(b)'s four-part balancing test, and thus, exercised well-reasoned discretion in admitting Mazon's testimony into evidence. In any event, we find Gomez's assertion to be without support in the record", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe district court, prompted by the defendant's motion in limine to exclude the evidence, heard oral argument on the question of whether the evidence was admissible under Rule 404(b) and its corresponding balancing test on January 11, 1988. After the parties presented their arguments, the court announced that it would rule on the evidence the following day. On January 12, 1988, the court ruled that the evidence was admissible, addressing each of the elements set forth in Zapata, supra", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThus, the record reflects that the trial judge, aided by the parties' memoranda of law, considered the issue overnight and ruled on the admissibility of the evidence in light of the proper factors", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nIt was later discovered that Eva Campos, Gomez's sister-in-law, owned the Pontiac Trans Am involved in the Utah stop\nSee infra note 18", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe May 6 conversation is significant not only because of the content of the discussion between Gomez and Perez, but also because it places Gomez in California on that date. This rebuts the testimony of defense witnesses, who stated that Gomez came to Rockford on May 2, 1987, and, to the best of their knowledge, remained there until he departed for California with Jose Garcia on May 11, 1987", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFor example, as we noted in note 17, Gomez's position that he was in Rockford continuously from May 2, 1987, when he attended a baptism of a friend's child, to May 11, 1987, when he departed Rockford with Jose Garcia, is contradicted by a telephone conversation recorded during the government's wiretap investigation. Specifically, the government presented evidence that Gomez telephoned Perez from his home in California on May 6, 1987", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nRegarding Gomez's denial of knowledge or intent with respect to the $44,020 found in his car in Utah, the government introduced evidence that Gomez had been apprehended transporting contraband with Jose Garcia, who was driving the car when it was stopped in Utah, under circumstances similar to those surrounding Gomez's transportation of the $44,020. See supra Section III.B", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nFurther, there is an inherent contradiction between Gomez's statement that he had not been in Illinois and his statement that two men had placed the ramp containing the $44,020 in his car, but he did not know whether they had put it there in Denver or in Illinois. If Gomez knew that two men had placed the ramp in the car, it is logical to infer that he knew when and where those men had done so", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nAfter defense counsel's statement that Ramirez was conversant in English, the court explicitly questioned the defendant, who stated that he had been in the United States for approximately thirteen years and that he understood English \"pretty well.\" Ramirez later informed the court that he had attended night school to learn English. Nonetheless, the court informed Ramirez that an interpreter was available to translate anything which Ramirez did not understand", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nThe record reveals that at no point during the change of plea hearing did Ramirez request the services of the interpreter, and, in fact, stated that he understood everything discussed during the hearing", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nEva Ramirez pled guilty to and was convicted on the conspiracy charge in Count One and sentenced to a term of three years' probation\nJavier Preciado pled guilty to and was convicted of conspiracy (Count One) and possessing with intent to distribute 15 kilograms of marijuana (Count Fifteen). Preciado was sentenced to 8 years' imprisonment with a special parole term of two years to follow\nRule 11(c)(1) provides:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Before accepting a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, the court must address the defendant personally in open court and inform him of, and determine that he understands, the following:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n(1) the nature of the charge to which the plea is offered, the mandatory minimum penalty provided by law, if any, and the maximum possible penalty provided by law, including the effect of any special parole term or term of supervised release and, when applicable, that the court may also order the defendant to make restitution to any victim of the offense.\"\nRule 11(f) provides:", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n\"Notwithstanding the acceptance of a plea of guilty, the court should not enter a judgment upon such plea without making such inquiry as shall satisfy it that there is a factual basis for the plea.\"\nIndeed, the decision whether to institute deportation proceedings lies within the sole discretion of the Attorney General of the United States. 8 U.S.C. \u00a7 1251. Johns v. Dept. of Justice of United States, 653 F.2d 884, 889 (2d Cir.1981)", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nSection 846 was amended in the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, Pub.L. No. 100-690, Title VI, \u00a7 6470(a), 102 Stat. 4181, 4312, 4377 (1988), to provide:\n\"Any person who ... conspires to commit any offense defined in this subchapter shall be subject to the same penalties as those prescribed for the offense, the commission of which was the object of the ... conspiracy.\"", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\n21 U.S.C. \u00a7 846. Congress amended section 846 to clarify that special penalty provisions such as mandatory minimum sentences and special parole terms imposable for substantive narcotics offenses are also applicable under this section. In adopting the current version of section 846, Congress stated that the intent of the amendment was to \"make clear that any penalty that may be imposed for a substantive drug offense may be imposed for [a] conspiracy to commit that offense.\" 134 Cong.Rec. S17,366 (daily ed", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nWe note that the Court in Bifulco was confronted with the same version of section 846 that we are considering in this case. We also note that Congress, in amending \u00a7 846, see supra note 25, explicitly referred to the Supreme Court's decision in Bifulco\nNonetheless, we note that based on our review of the record, we find Ramirez's ineffective assistance claim to be without merit", "United States v. Montoya, 891 F.2d 1273 (7th Cir. 1989)\nWe note that Ramirez's argument under Rule 32(c)(3)(D) is identical to the one raised by defendant Montoya, supra, and thus, our discussion of the standards governing Montoya's claim in section II.B. of this opinion is equally applicable to Ramirez's Rule 32 argument and need not be repeated here"]
null
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[84679, 85891, 0.0], [85891, 86558, 0.0], [86558, 86691, 0.0], [86691, 86948, 0.0], [86948, 86972, 0.0], [86972, 87158, 0.0], [87158, 87517, 0.0], [87517, 87538, 0.0], [87538, 87737, 0.0], [87737, 87974, 0.0], [87974, 88122, 0.0], [88122, 88340, 0.0], [88340, 88933, 0.0], [88933, 89186, 0.0], [89186, 89314, 0.0], [89314, 89611, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction\": [[0, 42, 0.0952381], [42, 80, 0.10526316], [80, 107, 0.14814815], [107, 161, 0.22222222], [161, 196, 0.02857143], [196, 218, 0.09090909], [218, 241, 0.08695652], [241, 430, 0.10582011], [430, 559, 0.12403101], [559, 612, 0.37735849], [612, 1215, 0.0331675], [1215, 1237, 0.81818182], [1237, 3013, 0.02083333], [3013, 3030, 0.76470588], [3030, 4366, 0.02769461], [4366, 4991, 0.0128], [4991, 5656, 0.02105263], [5656, 6680, 0.01367188], [6680, 7356, 0.01183432], [7356, 7590, 0.01282051], [7590, 8049, 0.01960784], [8049, 8292, 0.00823045], [8292, 9976, 0.00771971], [9976, 11678, 0.01645123], [11678, 12161, 0.01035197], [12161, 13001, 0.02261905], [13001, 13847, 0.01182033], [13847, 14749, 0.01995565], [14749, 16760, 0.01491795], [16760, 18632, 0.01282051], [18632, 19110, 0.01464435], [19110, 19948, 0.01909308], [19948, 20236, 0.01736111], [20236, 20257, 0.80952381], [20257, 20925, 0.03443114], [20925, 21580, 0.02290076], [21580, 21965, 0.01558442], [21965, 23970, 0.04239401], [23970, 24893, 0.02491874], [24893, 25540, 0.03709428], [25540, 26589, 0.04861773], [26589, 27353, 0.02094241], [27353, 27616, 0.03041825], [27616, 28412, 0.04020101], [28412, 29137, 0.03172414], [29137, 29624, 0.02464066], [29624, 30127, 0.03976143], [30127, 30445, 0.00628931], [30445, 30624, 0.01117318], [30624, 31098, 0.0], [31098, 31589, 0.03258656], [31589, 33213, 0.02155172], [33213, 33695, 0.01452282], [33695, 36047, 0.02040816], [36047, 36544, 0.02012072], [36544, 37164, 0.03225806], [37164, 37181, 0.05882353], [37181, 38223, 0.01535509], [38223, 38746, 0.01912046], [38746, 39130, 0.02083333], [39130, 39632, 0.01593625], [39632, 39903, 0.01476015], [39903, 41355, 0.03374656], [41355, 43420, 0.03196126], [43420, 43786, 0.01639344], [43786, 44630, 0.00592417], [44630, 44996, 0.08196721], [44996, 47026, 0.03054187], [47026, 47701, 0.02962963], [47701, 48331, 0.04126984], [48331, 49643, 0.02134146], [49643, 49988, 0.01449275], [49988, 50344, 0.01404494], [50344, 51242, 0.01224944], [51242, 51264, 0.81818182], [51264, 51780, 0.02906977], [51780, 53089, 0.02215432], [53089, 53668, 0.03108808], [53668, 54434, 0.01958225], [54434, 54651, 0.02304147], [54651, 55172, 0.01151631], [55172, 55926, 0.01856764], [55926, 56555, 0.01112878], [56555, 57971, 0.00988701], [57971, 58943, 0.01337449], [58943, 59380, 0.01601831], [59380, 60446, 0.01219512], [60446, 61098, 0.01840491], [61098, 61652, 0.01805054], [61652, 62890, 0.03392569], [62890, 64613, 0.04352873], [64613, 64895, 0.02836879], [64895, 65147, 0.00396825], [65147, 65823, 0.0147929], [65823, 67014, 0.02099076], [67014, 68462, 0.02555249], [68462, 70009, 0.02908856], [70009, 72392, 0.01678556], [72392, 73961, 0.01338432], [73961, 75510, 0.02453196], [75510, 76477, 0.01861427], [76477, 76965, 0.01844262], [76965, 77190, 0.00888889], [77190, 78214, 0.00878906], [78214, 78508, 0.01020408], [78508, 78761, 0.03557312], [78761, 79094, 0.04204204], [79094, 79403, 0.04854369], [79403, 79629, 0.03097345], [79629, 79646, 0.05882353], [79646, 80024, 0.03439153], [80024, 80417, 0.01017812], [80417, 80444, 0.07407407], [80444, 81091, 0.00618238], [81091, 81353, 0.03053435], [81353, 81370, 0.05882353], [81370, 81913, 0.01104972], [81913, 82061, 0.01351351], [82061, 82237, 0.04545455], [82237, 82721, 0.03305785], [82721, 82979, 0.02325581], [82979, 84149, 0.01282051], [84149, 84266, 0.06837607], [84266, 84284, 0.05555556], [84284, 84679, 0.03544304], [84679, 85891, 0.02805281], [85891, 86558, 0.01949025], [86558, 86691, 0.03007519], [86691, 86948, 0.02723735], [86948, 86972, 0.04166667], [86972, 87158, 0.00537634], [87158, 87517, 0.0], [87517, 87538, 0.04761905], [87538, 87737, 0.00502513], [87737, 87974, 0.06329114], [87974, 88122, 0.08108108], [88122, 88340, 0.00458716], [88340, 88933, 0.02360877], [88933, 89186, 0.03162055], [89186, 89314, 0.015625], [89314, 89611, 0.03703704]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 89611, 0.90932655]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 89611, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 89611, 0.8320542]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 89611, 47.31612541]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 89611, 1727.24045119]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 89611, 2210.45993393]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 89611, 968.0]]}"}
RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,632
https://ubu-mirror.ch/papers/bense01.html
Concrete Poetry I (1965) by Max Bense
["Concrete Poetry I (1965) by Max Bense\nThis is a kind of poetry which produces neither the semantic nor the aesthetic sense of its elements, words for example, through the traditional formation of linear and grammatically ordered contexts, but which insists upon visual and surface connectives. So it is not the awareness of words following one after the other that is its primary constructive principle, but perception of their togetherness. The word is not used primarily as an intentional carrier of meaning", "Concrete Poetry I (1965) by Max Bense\nBeyond that it is used as a material element of construction in such a way that meaning and structure reciprocally express and determine each other", "Concrete Poetry I (1965) by Max Bense\nSimultaneity of the semantic and aesthetic functions of words occurs on the basis of simultaneous exploitation of all the material dimensions of the linguistic elements which, of course, can also appear to be broken up into syllables, sounds, morphemes or letters to express the aesthetic dependence of the language upon their analytical and syntactical possibilities. In this sense it is the constructive principle of concrete poetry alone which uncovers the material wealth of language.", "Concrete Poetry I (1965) by Max Bense\nWhatever consists of signs can be transmitted; that is, it is the subject, emission, perception and apperception of a communication scheme that can typify a specific design pattern which concrete poetry can show. Let us now enlarge the concept of concrete poetry. Concrete texts are often closely related to poster texts due to their reliance upon typography and visual effect; that is, their aesthetic communication scheme often corresponds to that of advertisements", "Concrete Poetry I (1965) by Max Bense\nConcrete poetry does not entertain. It holds the possibility of fascination, and fascination is a form of concentration, that is of concentration which includes perception of the material as well as apperception of its meaning.", "Concrete Poetry I (1965) by Max Bense\nThus concrete poetry does not separate languages; it unites them; it combines them. It is this part of its linguistic intention that makes concrete poetry the first international poetical movement. In South America and North America, in Germany, France, Italy, England, Portugal, Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland, in Czechoslovakia and Japan there is concrete poetry. Already well-known poets are making use of this important experimental way of writing. . .\nTr. Irene Montjoye Sinor M. E. S.\n(From Rot 21)"]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,633
https://www.celebritykeep.com/2017/06/elizabeth-olsen.html
Elizabeth Olsen - Biography, Religion, Politics, Relationships & Hobbies
["Elizabeth Olsen - Biography, Religion, Politics, Relationships & Hobbies\nElizabeth Olsen, whose full name is Elizabeth Chase Olsen is an American actress. She was born and raised in Sherman Oaks, California on February 16, 1989. Olsen was graduated from Campbell Hall School in North Hollywood and started her career in acting at a very young age. Initially she made small role debuts in her sisters' films. Later in 2013, Olsen was also proposed for the BAFTA Raising Star Award", "Elizabeth Olsen - Biography, Religion, Politics, Relationships & Hobbies\nOne of her rewarding role was in Legendary's reboot Godzilla, starring Bryan Cranston and Aaron Taylor-Johnson. Some of her best-known works are in Avengers, Captain America: Civil War and Silent House.", "Elizabeth Olsen - Biography, Religion, Politics, Relationships & Hobbies\nElizabeth Olsen Religion\nElizabeth Olsen decided to be an atheist when she was 13 years old and has been an atheist ever since. In that sheer young age, she was very clear that she didn't believe in God anymore and that she wanted to be an independent women who isn't restricted by a religion which would determine women's freedoms.\nElizabeth Olsen Political Views", "Elizabeth Olsen - Biography, Religion, Politics, Relationships & Hobbies\nOlsen is a women's right activist. She also gave strong remarks about how a women should be free about her sexuality and how they shouldn't be confined to the rules of the society. Elizabeth believes in women empowerment and contributes her part of help for it.", "Elizabeth Olsen - Biography, Religion, Politics, Relationships & Hobbies\nElizabeth Olsen is currently single. Olsen relationship history has been very short. She always kept her personal life very private but what to be known is she was engaged to Boyd Holbrook for an year in 2014. After her split in 2015, there were rumors about her hook ups with Tom Hiddleston and Chris Evans.\nElizabeth Olsen Hobbies", "Elizabeth Olsen - Biography, Religion, Politics, Relationships & Hobbies\nElizabeth enjoys occasional horseback riding and spends most of her time using her beauty products. She likes reading and to play sports like football and volleyball. She is a big fan of Rilo Kiley and loves to listen to their music in her leisure.\nAn entire fashion line is named after her by her sisters.\nShe auditioned for spy kids and was later rejected for that part.\nShe went by the name \"Elizabeth Chase\" and several other names in high school to avoid the lime light because of her famous older sisters.", "Elizabeth Olsen - Biography, Religion, Politics, Relationships & Hobbies\nOlsen opted for ballet and singing lessons as a child.\nShe made public statements about how she got her own break into Hollywood without any help from her older established sisters.\nShe had a little love story back when she was studying in Russia, which unfortunately couldn't last long when she came back to United States because of the distance.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Olsen"]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,636
https://www.tudortimes.co.uk/people/lord-robert-dudley
Lord Robert Dudley
["Lord Robert Dudley\nLord Robert Dudley\nPublished 6th December 2017\nRobert Dudley was the fifth son of John Dudley, Viscount Lisle, Earl of Warwick, and later Duke of Northumberland and Lord President of the Privy Council during the minority of Edward VI. The Dudleys were a large and affectionate family, brought up as evangelicals during the reign of Henry VIII and eagerly embracing full-blooded Protestantism under Edward VI from 1547.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nRobert knew the young king well, having been brought up as one of the boys in Edward\u2019s childhood establishment before becoming a gentleman of the Privy chamber. In 1549, aged sixteen, he undertook his first public duty, as a part of the military detachment his father led into Norfolk to quell the rebellion led by Robert Kett.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nIn the aftermath of the successful (from the government perspective) Battle of Mousehold Heath, Northumberland and his sons visited Stanfield Hall. Amy, the daughter of the house, and heir to her father\u2019s estates, was about the same age as Robert, and within a couple of years, the two were married", "Lord Robert Dudley\nAlthough Amy was well off, and Robert had three elder brothers, it was not a match to equal that of his siblings, two of whom, Katherine and Guildford, married into the extended royal family: Katherine to the Earl of Huntingdon, great-grandson of Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, and Guildford to Lady Jane Grey, eldest daughter of Edward VI\u2019s cousin, Lady Frances Brandon.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nIn 1553, Robert, like his father and brothers, was involved in the attempt to put Lady Jane Grey on the throne, following the death of King Edward, instead of the rightful heir, Edward\u2019s half sister, Mary. The coup failed, and Robert, along with the others, was found guilty of treason. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London along with brothers John, Ambrose and Henry. Northumberland and Guildford, were executed but the other four were freed some time in 1554.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nGradual rehabilitation followed, and after Henry, Ambrose and Robert distinguished themselves at the Battle of St Quentin, an Anglo-Spanish victory over the French, they were \u2018restored in blood\u2019.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nAs a boy in the household of Edward, Robert had begun a friendship with the prince\u2019s half sister, Elizabeth. They maintained this in some way during Mary\u2019s reign, and when Elizabeth acceded to the throne on 17th November 1558, one of her first actions was to appoint Robert as her Master of Horse. This was a prestigious position, placing him frequently in the queen\u2019s company, and also gave him responsibility for organising her coronation procession and many of her later progresses.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nRobert was not appointed to the Privy Council at this time, but within months, the closeness of his relationship with the queen was causing scandal. They were said to be lovers - bad enough if the queen had taken a single man as her lover, but infinitely worse considering Robert was still married.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nAs well as, of course, the immorality of the supposed relationship, Elizabeth\u2019s ministers disapproved of the ascendancy of Robert because they perceived him as a block to her marrying a suitable foreign prince. (They seem to have been unaware of the hypocrisy of their pleas to her to marry, having objected to her late sister\u2019s union with Philip of Spain). Robert was considered to be bringing \u2018ruin\u2019 to the queen and the country. There was an element of jealousy involved as well", "Lord Robert Dudley\nWhilst Elizabeth was never extravagant with her money or property she did give Dudley sizeable grants over the years and also restored Ambrose to the earldom of Warwick.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nFrom 1559 to the autumn of 1560, rumours about the queen\u2019s intentions grew -Amy was said to be sick of a \u2018malady in the breast\u2019 although some sources suggest this was a temporary thing, whilst other contemporary reports suggest the story was invented so that Amy\u2019s death might pass unremarked.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nOn the day after Elizabeth\u2019s 27th birthday, shocking news reached the court. Amy, who had been alone at home all day, had been found at the bottom of a staircase, with her neck broken. The queen refused to see Robert until the matter had been investigated and a coroner\u2019s inquest completed.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nRobert himself did not feign an unfelt grief, but all his contemporary letters suggest he wanted a full investigation. Nevertheless, then, and since, he has been suspected of arranging his wife\u2019s death, so that he could marry Elizabeth. Mary, Queen of Scots, and also Queen-consort of France, was heard to say that the Queen of England planned to \u2018marry her horsekeeper, who has murdered his wife to make room for her\u2019.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nIf such had been Robert\u2019s plan, it went disastrously wrong. It would have been absolutely impossible for Elizabeth to keep her throne in 1560 if she had married him. She was still only two years into her reign, had limited support abroad (although ironically, that was largely from Spain) and plenty of opposition at home. It is difficult to believe that Robert could have been so na\u00efve as to believe that murdering his wife would have any positive outcome.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nRobert became a Privy Councillor in 1564, and proved himself one of the most diligent of Elizabeth\u2019s ministers. Although a committed Protestant, he favoured Mary, Queen of Scots\u2019 claims to be the legitimate heir, and, in 1564, Elizabeth even put forward the idea that Mary should marry him. Whilst he wanted to be a queen\u2019s husband, Robert certainly did not want to marry Mary, and sent her messages assuring her that he would not presume to put himself forward as a potential husband.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nIn the late 1560s, he, along with others of Elizabeth\u2019s ministers, encouraged the idea that Mary might marry the Duke of Norfolk. Norfolk himself was one of Robert\u2019s greatest critics, but as a fellow-Protestant, seemed a suitable husband for the Queen of Scots. The plan was made without Elizabeth\u2019s knowledge. Robert promised to tell her of it, and obtain her approval, but failed to do so \u2013 possibly aware that Elizabeth would react badly, and not unwilling to see Norfolk the butt of Elizabeth\u2019s wrath.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nElizabeth was furious, and Norfolk was disgraced \u2013 being executed not long after, for continuing to intrigue with the Queen of Scots. It is hard to imagine that Robert mourned.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nBy the early 1570s, Robert had more or less despaired of marrying the queen. He embarked on a relationship with the widowed Douglas Sheffield (although some evidence suggests he may have had an affair with her before her husband died). He had a son by her, whom he acknowledged as his own. Douglass was to claim later, that they had married, but the court case in 1603 dismissed the claim.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nNevertheless, Robert did wish to marry and have an heir, and in 1578 he married the widowed Countess of Essex, Lettice Knollys, a cousin of the queen. The marriage was kept secret from Elizabeth for over a year, but, when Robert made his objections to the queen\u2019s proposed marriage to the French Duke of Anjou plain, Anjou\u2019s envoy, M. Simier, broke the news to her. Predictably, she was furious, and Robert bore the brunt of her anger for months", "Lord Robert Dudley\nSimier\u2019s action was tinged with spite, but Robert\u2019s objection to the proposed marriage was from genuine reasons of state, as well, perhaps as a dash of self-interest. He genuinely feared that a French Catholic king of England would be against the best interests of the country. Elizabeth, however, wanted to secure a French alliance, to counter Spain\u2019s growing power, particularly in The Netherlands.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nThe Netherlands, were, by inheritance, part of the territory of Philip II of Spain, and had been ruled from Madrid by a series of regents. Over time, all classes of Dutch society had come to resent this arm\u2019s length rule, and tensions mounted as a significant proportion of the population converted to Calvinist Protestantism.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nRobert, along with Sir Francis Walsingham, his own father-in-law, Sir Francis Knollys, and Cecil were all in favour of Elizabeth supporting their Dutch co-religionists with money, arms and men. Elizabeth was much less enamoured of the idea. She objected not just on grounds of cost, but also based on her unwillingness to support rebels against their rightful monarch, which she believed Philip to be.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nOver time, her objections were worn down, and money and men were sent. This contributed to the deteriorating relationship with Spain, along with the antics of Francis Drake and other seamen, whose capturing of Spanish ships was no more than piracy. By the early 1580s, there appeared little alternative to sending an English force, and Robert was appointed to lead it.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nElizabeth gave Robert explicit orders not to accept any role in The Netherlands that might imply that the English queen was claiming sovereignty. He was to act as her Lieutenant-General only. But Robert, convincing himself, or allowing the Dutch to convince him, so that Elizabeth was embroiled further than she intended, accepted the post of Governor-General. This was a direct challenge to King Philip\u2019s authority, and another nail in the coffin of Anglo-Spanish relations.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nThe queen was furious with Robert, especially when she heard a rumour that Lettice, whom she still resented, intended to travel to The Netherlands with an impressive suite of followers. Such a visit was absolutely forbidden, and messengers were sent to Robert telling him to resign the post", "Lord Robert Dudley\nCecil and the other ministers managed to restrain her wrath, and Robert was permitted to carry on in post, but his authority was weakened, and he was quite unable to manage the Dutch States-General, nor did he have any success in managing the military campaign. Philip\u2019s general, the Duke of Parma, was successful in re-taking control of most of the southern Netherlands.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nTowards the end of 1587, Robert was delighted to be able to resign his leadership to Lord Buckhurst and return home. England was now preparing for open war with Spain. Despite his limited success in The Netherlands, Robert was appointed as Lieutenant General of the army, and mustered the troops at Tilbury in July 1588. He asked Elizabeth to conduct a military review, and stood beside her as she made her most famous speech in August 1588.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nShortly after, came news that the Spanish Armada had been defeated by a combination of seamanship and weather. Robert, in failing health, requested permission to travel to Buxton to take the waters. Elizabeth agreed. He set out with Lettice, but died en route.\nElizabeth was heart-broken, and never truly overcame her sorrow at the loss of her \u2018Eyes\u2019 as she had called him. He had been her closest friend for thirty years, and, although they had frequently clashed and quarrelled, no-one could take his place.", "Lord Robert Dudley\nPoster: Leonardo da Vinci Quote\nEarl of Leicester\nHonours & Offices\nMaster of the Queen's Horse\nPrivy Councillor\nKnight of the Garter\nChancellor of the University of Oxford\nGovernor-General of the Netherlands\nc. 24 June 1532\nCornbury, Oxfordshire\nMalaria?\nAmy Robsart\nLettice Knollys\nSir Robert Dudley\nLord John Dudley, Earl of Warwick\nLord Henry Dudley\nCharles Dudley\nThomas Dudley\nLord Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick\nLady Mary Dudley\nLord Guilford Dudley\nLady Katherine Dudley, Countess of Huntingdon", "Lord Robert Dudley\nMargaret Dudley\nTemperance Dudley\nSir John Dudley\nJane Guilford\nThe Private Lives of the Tudors\nLettice's Men\nPodcast - John Dudley\nJohn Dudley: Life Story\nJohn Dudley: On Land and Sea\nRobert Dudley: Life Story\nSir William Cecil\nMary, Queen of Scots\nSir Francis Walsingham\nRobert Dudley: From the Tower to Tilbury\nLeicester's Commonwealth\nFrancis Walsingham: Life Story\nInterview with Dr Nigel Wright\nInterview with Dr Emma Turnbull\nInterview with Professor Suzannah Lipscomb"]
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0.12903226], [11564, 11595, 0.12903226], [11595, 11627, 0.125], [11627, 11670, 0.09302326], [11670, 11725, 0.10909091], [11725, 11745, 0.1]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 11745, 0.98469257]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 11745, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 11745, 0.95373982]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 11745, 283.00673559]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 11745, 317.94858982]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 11745, 243.33167616]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 11745, 83.0]]}"}
RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,640
https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/hospital-to-reopen-7589558
Halesworth's community hospital set to reopen next month - but no date given
["Halesworth's community hospital set to reopen next month - but no date given\nHospital to reopen\nHalesworth's community hospital is on track to reopen next month - but health chiefs will not commit to a date or even say what the reopening depends on.\nBeds at the Patrick Stead Hospital closed in January in response to staff shortages and a lack of cash.", "Halesworth's community hospital set to reopen next month - but no date given\nThe body which runs it, Waveney and Yarmouth Primary Care Trust (PCT), still needs to find \u00a313m of savings, in theory by the end of the current financial year. But the trust says it plans to reopen the hospital early in the new financial year, which starts in April.\nNo-one at the trust would be interviewed or give a date for when the hospital would reopen. A spokesman said: \"We are making preparations for reopening the beds very early in the financial year.\"", "Halesworth's community hospital set to reopen next month - but no date given\nStaff are due to attend training on Monday ready for the reopening. While the hospital has been closed nurses have worked in Beccles, Lowestoft or in the community.\nThe hospital will reopen with new beds, purchased by the League of Friends. The old beds were too wide to fit through the hospital's doors which meant patients could not be moved on beds in an emergency.", "Halesworth's community hospital set to reopen next month - but no date given\nThe hospital has space for 20 beds, and there were hopes that it would reopen with a full complement, but it will do so with 12 - the same number as when it closed.\nJean MacHeath, chairman of the League of Friends, said: \"We have given authorisation for up to 19 but they have purchased 12 at the moment, because they have to reopen the hospital with the number of beds they had before.\"", "Halesworth's community hospital set to reopen next month - but no date given\nShe said the closure had been \"very inconvenient\", adding: \"It has cost more as well because of patients going up to the James Paget.\"\nThe James Paget University Hospital at Gorleston is 25 miles away, making Halesworth the English town furthest from a general hospital.\nThe League of Friends supporters' group now has more than 2,000 members, nearly half Halesworth's population."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,721
https://www.thelist.com/999626/heres-who-will-be-overseeing-the-royal-funeral/
Who Is Overseeing The Royal Funeral?
["Who Is Overseeing The Royal Funeral?\nPeople all over the world have penned heartfelt tributes after learning the news of Queen Elizabeth's death \u2013 the longest reigning monarch in British history. From celebrities to world leaders, high profile figures have shared their love and fond memories of the queen, and have sent well wishes to her eldest son, King Charles III, who's new royal title was confirmed on the same day of his mother's passing.", "Who Is Overseeing The Royal Funeral?\nAs mourners pay respect to the queen, British officials are already hard at work preparing for the funeral proceedings. According to Express, the preparations for her funeral had been nicknamed \"London Bridge is down\" by British officials, allowing them to signal to other officials that the queen had passed and that the funeral would be moving forward before the news was shared to the public", "Who Is Overseeing The Royal Funeral?\nBecause the queen died at Balmoral Castle in Scotland, arrangements for transport back to England must be made prior to her funeral (via CNN).", "Who Is Overseeing The Royal Funeral?\nPer Town & Country, \"The 18th Duke of Norfolk, the Earl Marshal will oversee the royal funeral.\" The title of Earl Marshal was inherited by Edward Fitzalan-Howard from his father in 2002. According to Yahoo! News, his job is to directly oversee the funeral and arrange the State Opening of Parliament.\nThe Guardian reports that the queen's funeral will take place nine days after her death, and will be followed by a national day of mourning."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,581
http://pqr.pitt.edu/mol/RPSBVJXBTXEJJG-RSGRREJPSA-N
PQR | (n-acetylneuraminosyl(alpha2-6)lactosamine)
["PQR | (n-acetylneuraminosyl(alpha2-6)lactosamine)\n(N-Acetylneuraminosyl(Alpha2-6)Lactosamine)\nFormula C25H42N2O19\nIUPAC Name (2r,4s,5r,6r)-5-acetamido-2-[[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-6-[(1s,2r)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid\nHeat of Formation -3576.8 \u00b1 16.7 kJ\u00b7mol\u22121\nSurface Area 540.02 \u212b 2\nLUMO Energy 0.42 \u00b1 eV\nInChIKey RPSBVJXBTXEJJG-RSGRREJPSA-N\n10.17614/Q4CZ32J34\n10/f3bnsm\ncarboxylic_acid"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,582
http://engineering.buffalo.edu/industrial-systems/news-events.host.html/content/shared/engineering/home/articles/news-articles/2018/from-classes-to-canalside--kazakhstan-students-enjoy-everything-ub-and-buffalo-have-to-offer.detail.html
From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo
["From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nDepartment of Industrial\nand Systems Engineering\nGive to ISE\nOur Mission and Welcome From the Chair\nOur Students, Faculty and Alumni\nAbout Buffalo-Niagara\n6/15/18 Faculty Directory\n4/17/18 Staff Directory\nISE Summer Courses 2018\n8/24/17 Apply Now\nUB Undergraduate Catalog\nUB Graduate School Policies & Procedures\nISE Research Themes\nResearch Centers and Facilities\nUB Research\n9/19/17 Information for Alumni\nISE Seminar Series\nDepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering >", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nFrom classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer\nUB hosted a group of 38 students from Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan this summer as part of an exchange between the two institutions.\nby Rebecca Rudell", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nOn May 27, UB welcomed 38 undergraduate STEM students from Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan to campus. They made the 36-hour trip to take a variety of classes, from engineering to sociology, through UBThisSummer during the first six-week session of the program.", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\n\u201cI love everything about UB. Everyone here is ready to help, which makes our stay here more comfortable. Every question has its answer; every request is taken care of rapidly. I know this is the first collaboration between NU and UB and I hope that it will continue further.\u201d\nAida Iskaliyeva, mechanical engineering student\nNazarbayev University, Kazakhstan", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nNazarbayev University was founded in 2010 and includes undergraduate schools of engineering, medicine, humanities and social sciences, mining and geosciences, science and technology, and graduate schools of business, education and public policy. As a young institution, they are eager to offer their students the opportunities available at larger international schools to ensure they get the best education possible.", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nThe UB-NU relationship began when Provost Charles Zukoski visited the institution in September 2017. Since then, potential research opportunities between the two universities and the idea of bringing students to UB for the summer have been discussed, and this past February, four NU engineering faculty, including the Dean of Engineering, Dr.Charles Surya, visited UB", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nZukoski returned to NU in June to give a talk at the 2018 Eurasian Higher Education Leaders Forum and delivered an informal report on the students\u2019 experience at UB thus far.", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nHeading up this summer program are John Wood, Senior Associate Vice Provost for International Education; Peter Biehl, Associate Dean for International Education and Enrollment, Anthropology; and Christine Human, Associate Dean for Accreditation and Student Affairs, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nAs soon as the students arrived, they were involved in activities, both academic and extracurricular. For example, Human and Chelsea Montrois, Student Affairs Assistant for SEAS, gave the students an academic orientation and campus tour", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nLater in the week, the students met with Jim Bowmen from International Student Services; Chris Bragdon, Assistant Director for Residential Life; and engineering librarian Erin Rowley, who developed a library introduction workshop, so students could learn how to navigate UB\u2019s immense collection.", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nAida Iskaliyeva, a mechanical engineering student, explains that since their university is only eight years old, they currently have just one two-floor library. \u201cBut at UB,\u201d she says, \u201cWe can find several libraries to study in, which are very silent and cozy.\u201d", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\n\u201cIt is a great university with numerous facilities for students, including libraries, gyms, and swimming pools. The interesting thing about UB is the separation of the North and South Campuses,\u201d says Azat Amiralin, a mechanical engineering student. He enjoys taking classes at one campus and living at another [the students are housed at Goodyear Hall on South Campus], as \u201cIt\u2019s easier to relax after a long day at university.\u201d", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nThe diversity the students have experienced at UB was noteworthy as well. Iskaliyeva and Amiralin are taking a course in STEM communications with five other students from Kazakhstan and another 18 students from the U.S. and other international locations, so there is a lot of cultural interaction involved in the class. \u201cThe students at UB are great, very smart and open minded,\u201d says Iskaliyeva of her fellow class members. \u201cWe are all so different, with different clothes, different views of life", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nThe learning experience at UB varies from that of NU as well. Viktoriya Tsoy, a civil engineering student, says: \u201cLectures are exciting and professors explain the topics in depth.\u201d She also enjoys UB\u2019s liberal atmosphere and how the university takes a student-friendly approach to academics. Gaukhar Dauzhan, a computer science student, adds, \u201cI love the teaching styles. Professors make lectures interesting and interactive", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nThe atmosphere in class is more relaxed and students do not hesitate to ask questions and comment on the material. I enjoy every single day of being here.\u201d", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nWhile many of the students are taking courses through the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, they are also taking classes in management, chemistry, biology, math and other subjects, to ensure a well-rounded academic experience. For example, Magzhan Gabidolla, a computer science student, is taking a 300-level class in algorithms, as well as a course in psychology.", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nOthers are engaging in research, such as electrical engineering students Nazerke Kulmukhanova and Amanat Kafizov. The two are doing an independent study on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), a modulation format used for Wi-Fi and 4G communications, with Josep Jornet, an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering.", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nBut like all students at UB, there\u2019s life outside the classroom as well. The students attended a Buffalo Bison baseball game, visited the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, and embarked on an architectural heritage tour of downtown Buffalo led by Biehl himself. They also took a trip to Fort Niagara and Niagara Falls\u2014a huge hit with all the students. \u201cIt was a tremendous experience to visit this famous place,\u201d says Amiralin.", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\n\u201c[Visiting these attractions] is an aspect that really adds to their experience,\u201d says Wood. \u201cThey\u2019re not just enrolled in courses. They have something more that enriches their time at UB.\u201d", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nStudents also went off on their own to enjoy attractions like Canalside, downtown Buffalo, and of course, the shopping malls. But just getting around was an experience for Rustam Zhumagambetov, a computer science student: \u201cWe are used to excellent public transportation in Astana (bus lines connect almost all of the city); it is unusual that in Buffalo people rely on personal cars.\u201d Gabidolla was also surprised by the range of car models available in the U.S", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nBut Alen German, a computer science student, summed it up best when he said, \u201cThe suburbs are beautiful. No traffic jams, fresh air, squirrels and bunnies. Ahhh.\u201d", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\nThe School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, and International Education hope the 38 visiting students will return to Kazakhstan and spread the word about their experience at UB to their peers, so more students will return next summer. And that perhaps, a few will enjoy their time in Buffalo so much that they apply to UB\u2019s graduate school for the next stage of their academic journey.", "From classes to Canalside, Kazakhstan students enjoy everything UB and Buffalo have to offer - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering - University at Buffalo\n\u201cI love everything about UB,\u201d says Iskaliyeva. \u201cEveryone here is ready to help, which makes our stay here more comfortable. Every question has its answer; every request is taken care of rapidly. I know this is the first collaboration between NU and UB. I hope that this collaboration will continue further.\u201d\nof change view fullscreen\nLoading events\u2026\nDepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering"]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,584
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2015/403/regulation/3/made/data.xht?view=snippet&wrap=true
The Private Rented Housing Panel (Landlord Applications) (Scotland) Regulations 2015 No. 403
["The Private Rented Housing Panel (Landlord Applications) (Scotland) Regulations 2015 No. 403\nApplications to the panel\n3.\u2014(1) An application must be made by written notice, and may be made on a form obtained from the panel offices.\n(2) The application must state\u2014\n(a)the name and address of the landlord;\n(b)that the application is made under section 28A of the Act;\n(c)the address of the house in respect of which the application is made;\n(d)the name, address and profession of any representative appointed by the landlord;", "The Private Rented Housing Panel (Landlord Applications) (Scotland) Regulations 2015 No. 403\n(e)a telephone number to enable contact to be made with the landlord or any representative appointed by the landlord and any email address which may be used for such contact;\n(f)the landlord registration number of the landlord or that an application for registration has been made in accordance with section 83 of the Antisocial Behaviour etc. (Scotland) Act 2004(1) and has not been determined;\n(g)the name, telephone number (if known), and email address (if known) of the tenant;", "The Private Rented Housing Panel (Landlord Applications) (Scotland) Regulations 2015 No. 403\n(h)that the tenant has been notified in writing that the landlord wishes to exercise the landlord\u2019s right of entry;\n(i)that entry to the house is sought for the purpose of paragraph (a) of section 181(4) of the Act or of paragraph (b) of that section or of both;\n(j)whether or not the landlord has, within the 12 months prior to the date of making of the application, made another application under section 28A of the Act in respect of the same house; and", "The Private Rented Housing Panel (Landlord Applications) (Scotland) Regulations 2015 No. 403\n(k)the name of any person the landlord intends to authorise to enter the house.\n(3) The application must be signed and dated by the landlord or by any representative appointed by the landlord.\n(4) The application must be accompanied by\u2014\n(a)a copy of the lease or the tenancy agreement or, if these are not available, as much information about the tenancy as the landlord can give; and\n(b)a copy of the notification referred to in paragraph (2)(h) and any subsequent correspondence relating to that notification."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,586
http://www.news.emory.edu/stories/2014/10/er_take_note_lgbt_history_month/campus.html
LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC
["LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nTake Note >>\nLGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nEmory Report | Oct. 16, 2014\nThis coming-out support flyer, featured in the LGBT exhibit on display in the DUC, is from the early days of Emory University's Office of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Life (now the Office of LGBT Life), founded in 1991. Credit: Office of LGBT Life records, Emory University Archives; MARBL, Emory University.\nEmory University's MARBL expands LGBT collections June 10, 2013\nMARBL to exhibit LGBT collection materials (2013)", "LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nEvents, Arts and Culture, Student and Campus Life, Libraries, Campus Life, LGBT, Diversity, Sexual Orientation\nThe Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (MARBL), in collaboration with the Office of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Life at Emory University, is showcasing selections from MARBL's 2013 exhibit, \"Building a Movement in the Southeast: LGBT Collections in MARBL\" in the Dobbs University Center (DUC) on level one during LGBT History Month in October.", "LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nThe original exhibit was co-curated by Randy Gue, MARBL's curator of modern political and historical collections, and Kelly H. Ball, a doctoral candidate in women's, gender, and sexuality studies. This condensed showing of the exhibit will run through Nov. 2. Visitors may view the display any time the DUC is open at no charge.", "LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nThe exhibit explores the history, culture, public health initiatives and politics of LGBT communities in Atlanta and the American South. Featuring wall panels that show letters, photos and other materials, the exhibit highlights the MARBL collections of playwright and activist Rebecca Ranson, The American Music Show and AID Atlanta in addition to Emory University's own archives.", "LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nKathryn Dixson, exhibitions manager for Emory Libraries, hopes that students will be particularly drawn in by the personal connection Emory contributes to this history", "LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nFor example, when what is now called the Office of LGBT Life was founded in 1991, Emory became one of the first universities to provide specific support services for LGBT students; in 1995, Emory became one of the first universities in the Southeast to offer healthcare benefits to domestic partners (University Archives records documenting student groups, controversies and campaigns for policy change go back to 1972).", "LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nThe exhibit's location in the DUC near the student organizations is important as well. \"One of the goals for MARBL and the Woodruff Library is to extend the outreach of our collections and exhibits beyond the library walls,\" Dixson notes. \"We hope this exhibit in the DUC will heighten students' awareness of the history of the LGBT community on campus and throughout the Southeast, and Emory's important role in preserving that history.\"", "LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nMichael Shutt, interim senior director of the Center for Diversity and Inclusion, agrees. \"My wish is that people will see and understand their place in history better,\" he says. \"The collection is about increasing awareness not only of sexuality and gender, but also of race and class, which are often left out of our histories. I also hope this exhibit will draw more attention to the MARBL resources on campus so that we can grow and maintain collections as a community.\"", "LGBT History Month exhibit on display in the DUC\nMARBL has been working to expand its collection of historically significant LGBT materials. The complete collection, which includes materials and papers of prominent gay figures and organizations, is dedicated to documenting the history of Atlanta and its social justice movements."]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,589
http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section460u-1&num=0&edition=prelim
16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property
["16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\n<< Previous TITLE 16 / CHAPTER 1 / SUBCHAPTER LXXIX / \u00a7 460u-1 Next >>\n16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property Text contains those laws in effect on July 14, 2018\nFrom Title 16-CONSERVATIONCHAPTER 1-NATIONAL PARKS, MILITARY PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND SEASHORESSUBCHAPTER LXXIX-INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE\nJump To: Source CreditAmendmentsMiscellaneous\n\u00a7460u\u20131. Acquisition of property", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\n(a) Authority of Secretary; negotiation for Indiana Dunes State Park; exchange of property; acquisition of land owned for educational purposes", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\nWithin the boundaries of the lakeshore the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the \"Secretary\") is authorized to acquire lands, waters, and other property, or any interest therein, by donation, purchase with donated or appropriated funds, exchange, or otherwise. The Indiana Dunes State Park may be acquired only by donation of the State of Indiana, and the Secretary is hereby directed to negotiate with the State for the acquisition of said park", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\nIn exercising his authority to acquire property by exchange for the purposes of this subchapter, the Secretary may accept title to non-Federal property located within the area described in section 460u of this title and convey to the grantor of such property any federally owned property under the jurisdiction of the Secretary which he classifies as suitable for exchange or other disposal within the State of Indiana or Illinois", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\nProperties so exchanged shall be approximately equal in fair market value, as determined by the Secretary who may, in his discretion, base his determination on an independent appraisal obtained by him: Provided, That the Secretary may accept cash from or pay cash to the grantor in such an exchange in order to equalize the values of the properties exchanged", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\nThe Secretary is expressly authorized to acquire by donation, purchase with donated or appropriated funds, or exchange, lands or interests therein which are owned for school or educational purposes by a State or a political subdivision thereof.", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\n(b) Liability of United States under contracts contingent on appropriations\nIn exercising his authority to acquire property under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary may enter into contracts requiring the expenditure, when appropriated, of funds authorized to be appropriated by section 460u\u20139 of this title, but the liability of the United States under any such contract shall be contingent on the appropriation of funds sufficient to fulfill the obligations thereby incurred.", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\n( Pub. L. 89\u2013761, \u00a72, Nov. 5, 1966, 80 Stat. 1309 ; Pub. L. 96\u2013612, \u00a71(3), (4), Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3575 .)\n1980-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96\u2013612, \u00a71(3), inserted provision authorizing the Secretary to acquire or exchange lands or interests therein owned for school or educational purposes by a State or political subdivision thereof.\nSubsec. (b). Pub. L. 96\u2013612, \u00a71(4), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 460u\u20139 of this title.", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\nAcquisition of Lands by Exchange\nPub. L. 97\u2013356, Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1703 , provided: \"That (a) notwithstanding the fourth sentence of section 2(a) of the Act entitled 'An Act to provide for the establishment of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, and for other purposes', approved November 5, 1966 (16 U.S.C. 460u\u20131(a)), or any other provision of law, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized-", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\n\"(1) to accept from the State of Indiana the conveyance of 69.17 acres of land located within area IV\u2013A, as designated on the map referred to in the first section of such Act (16 U.S.C. 460u), commonly known as 'Blue Heron Rookery', and\n\"(2) in exchange for such conveyance, to convey to the State of Indiana 31.26 acres of land located within area IV, as designated on such map, commonly known as 'Hoosier Prairie'.", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\n\"(b) The Secretary of the Interior may not carry out the conveyance specified in subsection (a)(2) unless, simultaneously with such conveyance and in consideration of such conveyance, the State of Indiana-\n\"(1) transfers to the Secretary all right, title, and interest in the land described in subsection (a)(1);\n\"(2) enters into a recordable agreement satisfactory to the Secretary providing that-", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\n\"(A) the State will not use, or permit the use, of the land described in subsection (a)(2) for any purpose other than the interpretation and public appreciation and use of the Hoosier Prairie Unit of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore;\n\"(B) the State will not transfer any right, title, or interest in, or control over, any land described in subsection (a)(2) to any person other than the Secretary;", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\n\"(C) the State will permit access by the Secretary at reasonable times to the land described in subsection (a)(2); and\n\"(D) upon a final determination by the Secretary that-\n\"(i) the State has failed to comply with the requirements of subparagraph (A) or (B), and\n\"(ii) after receipt of notice from the Secretary respecting such failure, the State has failed or refused to comply with such requirements,", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\nall right, title, and interest in such land shall revert to the United States for administration by the Secretary as part of the lakeshore.", "16 USC 460u-1: Acquisition of property\nThe Secretary may make a determination under subparagraph (D) only after notice and opportunity for hearing on the record. The reversion under subparagraph (D) shall take effect upon publication of such determination by the Secretary in the Federal Register without further notice or requirement for physical entry by the Secretary unless an action for judicial review is brought in the United States court of appeals for the appropriate circuit within ninety days following such publication"]
null
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,590
https://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/sheetmusic/1294/
"Spanish Fandango" by Unknown
["Spanish Fandango by Unknown\nSpanish Fandango\nArranged for Guitar\nBoston: Oliver Ditson & Co. (1800)\nSome of these resources may contain offensive language or negative stereotypes. Such materials should be seen in the context of the time period and as a reflection of attitudes of the time. The items are part of the historical record, and do not represent the views of the library or the institution.\nUnknown, \"Spanish Fandango\" (1870). Historic Sheet Music Collection. 1294."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2
17,752,723
https://www.timelineindex.com/content/select.php/1225/1023,1225
Scientists and Inventors of the Past
["Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nArchimedes of Syracuse, Eureka!\nArchimedes of Syracuse was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Generally consider...\nHeron of Alexandria, Inventor Steam Engine", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nHeron of Alexandria was an ancient Greek mathematician who was a resident of a Roman province (Ptolemaic Egypt); he was also an engineer who was active in his hometown of Alexandria. He is considered the greatest experimenter of antiquity a...\nZhang Heng, Chinese Scientist", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nZhang Heng was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan. He lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25\u2013220) of China. He was educated in the...\nAryabhata, Inventor of the Digit Zero", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nAryabhata is the first of the great astronomers of the classical age of India. He was born in 476 AD in Ashmaka but later lived in Kusumapura, which his commentator Bhaskara I (629 AD) identifies with Patilputra (modern Patna). Aryabhata...\nGuido d'Arezzo, Iventor Musical Notation", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nGuido of Arezzo (991/992 \u2013 after 1033) was a music theorist of the Medieval era. He is regarded as the inventor of modern musical notation (staff notation) that replaced neumatic notation; his text, the Micrologus, was the second-most-widel...\nVillard de Honnecourt, Sketchbook", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nVillard de Honnecourt was a 13th-century artist from Picardy in northern France. He is known to history only through a surviving portfolio or \"sketchbook\" containing about 250 drawings and designs of a wide variety of subjects. The so-ca...\nLaurens Janszoon Koster (Coster), Printer", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nLaurens Janszoon Coster or Laurens Jansz Koster, was one of the early European printers. He was an important citizen of Haarlem and held the position of sexton (Koster) of Sint-Bavokerk. He is mentioned in contemporary documents as an asses...\nGutenberg, Inventor Movable Type - 1439", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nJohannes Gutenberg was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced modern book printing. His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most importan...\nLeonardo da Vinci, Renaissance Man", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nLeonardo da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. His genius, perhaps more than that of any other figu...\nCavalieri, Infinitesimal Calculus", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nBonaventura Francesco Cavalieri was an Italian mathematician. He is known for his work on the problems of optics and motion, work on the precursors of infinitesimal calculus, and the introduction of logarithms to Italy. Cavalieri's principl...\nEdward Somerset, The Century of Inventions", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nEdward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester, styled Lord Herbert of Raglan from 1628\u20131644, was an English nobleman involved in royalist politics, and an inventor. While Earl of Glamorgan, he was sent by Charles I to negotiate a peace trea...\nOtto von Guericke, The Magdeburg Hemispheres, 1654", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nOtto von Guericke was a German scientist, inventor, and politician. His major scientific achievements were the establishment of the physics of vacuums, the discovery of an experimental method for clearly demonstrating electrostatic repulsio...\nBlaise Pascal, Inventing a Calculator", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nBlaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic philosopher. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences...\nAntony van Leeuwenhoek, 1st Microbiologist", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nAntonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch tradesman and scientist. He is commonly known as \"the Father of Microbiology\", and considered to be the first microbiologist. He is best known for his work on the improvement of the microscope and...\nRobert Hooke, Natural Philosopher", "Scientists and Inventors of the Past\nRobert Hooke, natural philosopher, inventor, architect, chemist, mathematician, physicist, engineer. Robert Hooke is one of the most neglected natural philosophers of all time. The inventor of, amongst other things, the iris diaphragm in ca..."]
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https://www.rferl.org/a/germany-marxists-lenin-statue-germany/30681737.html
Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany
["Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nBy Amos Chapple\nMarxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nThe controversial Lenin statue is unveiled in the west German town of Gelsenkirchen on June 20.\nGELSENKIRCHEN, Germany -- A life-sized statue of Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin was unveiled on June 20 in Gelsenkirchen, a former mining town in western Germany by the radical left-wing Marxist-Leninist Party Of Germany (MLPD).", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nSeveral hundred people gathered for the ceremony, with scores of police barricading the busy street corner where the monument to the founder of the Soviet Union was revealed.\nThe statue was initially set to be installed in time for Lenin's 150th birth anniversary in April, but the coronavirus pandemic delayed the event.\nMLPD supporters wave flags featuring the communist hammer and sickle, while crowds sing the Internationale, the socialist anthem, moments after the Lenin monument was uncovered.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nThe installation of Germany's first large public statue of Lenin outside the former communist East Germany was fiercely opposed by many Germans.\nGelsenkirchen's city council took the Marxists to court in an attempt to stop the action, calling Lenin a \"representative of violence, suppression, terror, and immense human suffering.\"\nBut the council's case that the statue would \"disturb the view\" of a nearby historic bank was thrown out and the Marxists were given the green light to erect the monument.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nA group of demonstrators opposed to the unveiling carrying German flags. The Lenin monument is visible, covered in a red sheet, in the background.\nMartin Schulmann, a spokesman for Gelsenkirchen's city council, told RFE/RL in April that \"only a very few people around the Marxist Party want [the Lenin monument], no one else.\"", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nBut after the council's legal defeat, \"we have no choice but to accept the court's rulings, since the piece of land where the statue is due to be installed is privately owned [by the MLPD].\"\nThe erection of Lenin's statue comes amid global protests against racism in recent weeks that have witnessed numerous statues of controversial figures toppled or vandalized in the United States, Britain, Belgium, Germany, and elsewhere.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nMLPD leader Gabi Fechtner (right, in gray) sings the Internationale next to the Lenin monument.\nAt a press conference before the unveiling, MLPD's leader Gabi Fechtner told RFE/RL that measures have been taken to reinforce the Lenin statue.\n\"I won't say exactly how but it has been very firmly fastened in place.\"\nThe 1.3-ton, cast-iron statue was made in the former Czechoslovakia in 1957 and bought by the MLPD in an online auction for 16,000 euros ($18,000).", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nYekaterina Maldon is jostled by members of the crowd. The sign says \u201cMy blood please\u201d above the emblem of the Soviet Union.\nAs speeches were under way, Russian woman Yekaterina Maldon stood amongst the crowd with an anti-Soviet placard and a vodka bottle filled with red liquid.\nMaldon had the bottle pulled from her hand and was hauled away by members of the crowd as she shouted, \"Lenin was a mass killer.\"", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nA few dozen right-wing demonstrators opposed to the installation of the Soviet leader gathered outside the police barricades, including a small group wearing black jerseys branded with \"Defensive West MG.\"\nThe group drew chants of \"Fascists out!\" from the MLPD supporters.\nSome of the demonstrators wore black shirts branded with \"Defensive West MG.\"", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nA short distance from the Defensive West group, Marco Graeber, a supporter of Alternative for Deutschland (AfD), Germany's right-wing, anti-immigrant political party, held a sign reading: \"Freedom instead of socialism.\"\nGraeber told RFE/RL that he was there to oppose \"a monument to a mass murderer,\" adding that \"if there was a statue here to Hitler we would oppose that, too.\"", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nAnother protestor next to him leaned in to add, \"socialism just doesn't work, we can see it everywhere from North Korea to Venezuela. These [Marxist-Leninists] want to bring back the past.\"\nStefan Engel, the former head of the MLPD, says the organization aims to install a \"true version of socialism\" in Germany, a political ideology which he told gathered media was \"betrayed\" after Josef Stalin died and his reign of mass murder and repression was denounced by the Soviet leadership beginning in 1956.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nEngel says the party is now planning to erect a statue of Karl Marx to stand next to the controversial Lenin, but gave no timeline for the emplacement.\nIn 2018, the western German city of Trier unveiled a controversial statue to the communist philosopher to commemorate the 200th anniversary of his birth.\nAt Least Six Killed In Suicide Bombing In Kabul\nAn ambulance carries victims from the site of a suicide attack in Kabul on March 27.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nAt least six people were killed and 12 others injured in a suicide bombing on March 27 near Afghanistan's Foreign Ministry in Kabul. Khalid Zadran, the spokesman for the Taliban's security command in Kabul, said the bomber was spotted by security forces before the attack but could not be prevented from detonating the explosives. No group has claimed responsibility for the attack so far. To read the original story by RFE/RL's Radio Azadi, click here.\nPoland Detains Man For Allegedly Spying For Russia", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nThe flags of NATO, Poland, and Ukraine. Poland, the largest country on NATO's eastern flank, finds itself increasingly targeted by Moscow's intelligence services as Russia's invasion of Ukraine continues.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nPoland has detained a foreign citizen on charges of spying for Russia, prosecutors said on March 27, as the largest country on NATO's eastern flank finds itself increasingly targeted by Moscow's intelligence services. Prosecutors in the northern Polish city of Gdansk said in a statement that the suspect had been detained on March 21", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\n\"The findings made in the case show that the suspect acted for the benefit of Russian intelligence by obtaining and collecting information...on critical infrastructure in the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian regions and on the activities of services and bodies responsible for security,\" they said. To read the original story by Reuters, click here.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nTwo civilians were killed over the past 24 hours -- one in the Kharkiv region in the explosion of an unidentified device and one as a result of the Russian shelling of Slovyansk, in Donetsk region.\nPresident Volodymyr Zelenskiy released a video of the shelling in Slovyansk on his Telegram channel.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\n\"Another day that began with terrorism by the Russian Federation. The aggressor state shelled our Slovyansk. Unfortunately, there is a dead person and victims with injuries of various degrees of severity. All services are working on the ground. Help is being provided,\" Zelenskiy said.\nThe situation in Bakhmut remains \"continually difficult,\" the commander of Ukraine's ground forces, General Oleksandr Syrskiy, said during a visit to the front line on March 27, according to the Defense Ministry.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nThe current fighting in and around Bakhmut has reached \"the most intense phase,\" Syrskiy said, adding that \"the enemy has suffered significant losses in human resources, weapons, and military equipment, but continues to conduct offensive operations.\"", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nUkrainian military officials say Russian forces are appearing to also be turning their focus on Advdiyivka, less than 100 kilometers southwest of Bakhmut, where incessant Russian shelling has shut down all public services, and municipal workers have been evacuated from the city where only about 2,000 civilians have been left out of a pre-war population of some 30,000.", "Marxists Unveil Controversial Lenin Statue In Germany\nAmid the fighting, Zelenskiy on March 26 held a meeting with Ukraine's top military and intelligence officials to discuss the frontline situation and ways to strengthen Ukraine's defense, the presidency said."]
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RedPajama-Data-V2