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https://socialist.org.nz/theory-sidemenu-45/287-alan-woods-67

"Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress"

["Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nAlan Woods\nAs the New Year dawns, memories are reawakening of another New Year, exactly a century ago, the dawn of 1914 when millions of people were drifting towards the abyss as if in a dream.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nOn that New Year\u2019s Day few people imagined what lay in store. One hundred years had passed since the Battle of Waterloo and the memory of war had faded \u2013 at least in Britain. The war in South Africa had been a mere skirmish and had ended in victory. The British Empire upon which the sun never set seemed assured in its worldwide supremacy.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nIn France, it is true, things were not quite the same. Memories of the Franco-Prussian war and the German occupation of Alsace-Lorraine still remained. The General Staff longed for revenge, but on the streets of Montmartre the cafes were bustling and war did not seem an imminent prospect.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nFor most of the 19th century the Bible of the bourgeoisie was Liberalism, the political expression of a firmly-held belief that the rise of capitalism was a guarantee of human progress. Most of the countries of Western Europe had passed through a period of economic prosperity that seemed as if it would last forever. The new technology\u2014the telephone, the steamship, the railroads had played a far more revolutionary role in pulling the world together than has the Internet in our own times.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nPeace and prosperity were regarded as the normal state of affairs: \u201ctoday better than yesterday and tomorrow better than today\u201d. Many believed that Europe\u2019s economies were so integrated that war was impossible. The rapid development of science and technology were proof of the steady march of progress, a cast-iron guarantee of the superiority of Western Civilisation. Yet in August 1914 that beautiful dream ended in a horrific nightmare. Reason became Unreason", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nOvernight everything turned into its opposite. Modern technology, from being a potent agent of progress, became transformed into a means of producing the most devilish means of mass destruction, creating unprecedented havoc on a terrifying scale. In place of free trade, protectionist barriers were erected everywhere. In place of Liberalism and democracy there was militarism, censorship and dictatorship in an open or disguised form. At least nine million people lost their lives in the Great Slaughter.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe causes of war\nThe conclusion frequently drawn is that wars and conflicts are an inevitable result of the natural aggressiveness of the human species (or of men, if one is to believe certain feminists). In reality, this is an explanation that explains nothing. If humans are naturally aggressive, why is it that we are not always in a state of war? Why does society not simply tear itself apart?", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nIn reality, the periodic outbreak of wars is an expression of the tensions that arise in class society, which can reach a critical point in which the contradictions can only be solved by violent means. This idea was already explained by Clausewitz in his celebrated dictum: \u201cwar is only the continuation of politics by other means.\u201d In order to explain the causes of the First World War (which we will deal with in detail in future articles) the scientific method of Marxist analysis is necessary.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nIn the final analysis, the war was the product of the belated rise of Germany which had taken the capitalist road later than Britain and France. This created new and unbearable contradictions. Germany found itself hemmed in and strangled by its powerful rivals who enjoyed the advantages of Empire. Having gained an easy victory over France in 1871, the ruling clique in Berlin was looking for an excuse for a war that would allow it to dominate Europe and grab territory, markets and colonies.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nDoes this mean that Germany was responsible for the War? The idea that one can place the blame for war on a particular nation is false and superficial, just as is apportioning blame on the basis of \u201cwho fired the first shot\u201d. The German army invaded Belgium, and this was no doubt a terrible experience for the Belgian people. But far more terrible was the suffering of millions of colonial slaves in the Congo which was under the rule of \u201cpoor little Belgium\u201d.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe French imperialists wanted to take back Alsace and Lorraine, seized by Germany in 1871. But they also wished to seize the Rhineland and subject the German people to oppression and plunder, as we later saw in the Treaty of Versailles. The British imperialists were fighting a \u201cdefensive war\u201d \u2013 that is to say, a war to defend their privileged position as the foremost imperialist robber in the world, holding countless millions of Indians and Africans in colonial slavery", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe same cynical calculations may be discerned in the case of every one of the belligerent nations, from the biggest to the smallest.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nLooking backwards, with the wisdom of hindsight, it is not difficult to understand the reasons for the catastrophe of 1914. There were many other factors, such as the conflict between Russia and Austro-Hungary for mastery of the Balkans and the ambitions of Tsarism to seize Constantinople from the palsied hands of a dying Ottoman Empire. The bloody savagery of the Balkan Wars of 1912-13 was a warning, and on several occasions the Great Powers almost came to blows before 1914.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nYet despite all the warning signs, many people believed war would not happen. Britain and Germany were each other\u2019s biggest trading partners after the USA. Surely they would not fight each other? Even now, a hundred years later, some learned academics (God save us from learned academics!) argue that the Great War was not at all necessary, that a diplomatic solution could have been found and that humanity could have avoided a great deal of unnecessary inconvenience and lived happily ever after.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nOne hundred years after the Great Slaughter, it is customary, not only for our learned academic friends, not only for sentimental pacifists, but also bourgeois politicians to weep oceans of crocodile tears over the \u201cuselessness of war\u201d, the futile loss of life and so on and so forth. We must \u201clearn from history\u201d, they inform us, so that it is never repeated. The fact that every day thousands of people continue to be slaughtered in wars seems to escape their attention", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nFive million at least have perished in the Congo, which shows how right Hegel was when he wrote that the only lesson one can draw from history is that nobody ever learned anything from it.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nIf only the conduct of world affairs could be removed from the incompetent hands of politicians, bankers and generals and handed over to the learned and infinitely wise ladies and gentlemen of the universities! If only the world could be governed by the gentle hand of Reason! What a happy place it would be! Unfortunately, the entire course of human history for at least ten millennia has proven that the affairs of humankind have never been governed by Reason", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThat was already pointed out by Hegel who, despite his Idealist prejudices, often came close to the truth, as when he wrote that it is interests and not Reason that governs the lives of nations.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nWhy has there not been another world war in the recent period?\nIs it possible to draw useful parallels between the state of affairs in 1914 and today? Historical analogies can be useful within certain limits, but it is always necessary to bear these limits firmly in mind. History does indeed repeat itself, but it never does so in exactly the same way.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe most essential parallel is that today the contradictions of capitalism have emerged once more in an explosive manner on a world scale. A long period of capitalist expansion \u2013 which bears some striking similarities to the period that preceded the First World War \u2013 came to a dramatic end in 2008. We are now in the throes of the most serious economic crisis in the entire 200 year history of capitalism.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nContrary to the theories of the bourgeois economists, globalisation did not abolish the fundamental contradictions of capitalism. It only reproduced them on a far vaster scale than ever before: globalisation now manifests itself as a global crisis of capitalism. The root cause of the crisis is exactly the same as in 1914: the revolt of the productive forces against the two fundamental obstacles that are preventing human progress, private ownership of the means of production and the nation state.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nEx-Marxists like Eric Hobsbawm believed that globalisation would put an end to national conflict. The revisionist Karl Kautsky said exactly the same thing a hundred years ago. The First World War showed the hollowness of that theory. And the state of our world in 2014 shows the stupidity of Hobsbawm\u2019s neo-revisionism. How much more profound was Lenin, whose classic book Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism is as fresh and relevant now as the day it was written.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nYet there are important differences. On two occasions the imperialists tried to solve their contradictions by war: in 1914 and 1939. Why can this not happen again? As a matter of fact, the contradictions between the imperialists are now so sharp that in the past they would already have led to war. The question that must be asked is: why is the world not at war once more?", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe answer is in the changed balance of forces on a world scale. There would be no point in Germany invading Belgium or seizing Alsace-Lorraine, for the simple reason that Germany already controls the whole of Europe through her economic might. All the important decisions are taken by Merkel and the Bundesbank, without a single shot having been fired. Maybe France can start a war of national independence from Germany? It is sufficient to pose the question to see immediately its absurdity.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe fact of the matter is that the old pygmy states of Europe long ago ceased to play any independent role in the world. That is why the European bourgeoisie were forced to form the European Union, in an effort to compete with the USA, Russia and now also China on a world scale. But a war between Europe and any of the above-mentioned states is entirely ruled out. Apart from anything else, Europe lacks an army, navy and air force", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nSuch armies that exist are kept jealously under the control of the different ruling classes, who, behind the fa\u00e7ade of European \u201cunity\u201d, are fighting like cats in a sack to defend their \u201cnational interests\u201d.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nFrom a military point of view, no country can stand against the colossal military might of the USA. But that power also has limits. There are glaring contradictions between the USA, China and Japan in the Pacific. In the past that would have led to war. But China is no longer a weak, backward, semi-colonial nation that could be easily invaded and reduced to colonial servitude. It is a growing economic and military power, which is flexing its muscles and asserting its interests.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe USA has already burned its fingers badly in Iraq and Afghanistan. It was unable to intervene in Syria. How could it even consider a war with a country like China when it cannot even respond to the continuous provocations from North Korea? The question is a very concrete one.\nWar and revolution", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe Social Democratic leaders, while paying lip service to the ideas of socialism and the class struggle and making radical sounding and even revolutionary speeches on the First of May, in practice had abandoned the perspective of socialist revolution in favour of reformism: the notion that peacefully, gradually, painlessly, they could transform capitalism into socialism at some distant time in the future.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nIn one international congress after another the Social Democrats \u2013 who included at that time Lenin, Trotsky, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht \u2013 voted for resolutions pledging the International to oppose any attempt of the imperialists to launch a war, and even to take advantage of the situation to organise a revolutionary struggle against capitalism and imperialism.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nTo their eternal shame, all the leaders of the Second International (with the exception of the Russians, Serbs and Irish) betrayed the working class by supporting \u201ctheir\u201d ruling class on \u201cpatriotic\u201d grounds. As a result, millions of workers in uniform were condemned to death in the muddy killing grounds of Flanders", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe rallying call of \u201cworkers of the world unite\u201d appeared to be a grim irony as German, French, Russian and British workers shot and bayoneted each other to death in the interests of their masters. The situation seemed utterly hopeless. Yet the imperialist war ended in revolution.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe Russian Revolution offered humanity a way out of the nightmare of wars, poverty and suffering. But the absence of a revolutionary leadership on an international scale meant that this possibility was aborted in one country after another. The result was a new crisis and a new and even more terrible imperialist war, which led to the deaths of 55 million people and almost caused the collapse of human civilisation.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nTwo World Wars were sufficient proof that the capitalist system had completely exhausted its potential for progress. But Lenin pointed out that unless it is overthrown by the working class, capitalism can always find a way out of even the deepest economic crisis. What Lenin saw as a theoretical possibility in 1920 actually occurred after 1945. As the result of a peculiar concatenation of historical circumstances, the capitalist system entered into a new period of upswing", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nJust as in the two decades before 1914, the bourgeoisie and its apologists were drunk with illusions. And just as then, the leaders of the Labour Movement echoed these illusions. Even more than then, they have abandoned any pretence of standing for socialism and have wholeheartedly embraced \u201cthe market\u201d. But now the wheel has turned full circle. In 2008 the fruit of success turned to ashes in their mouths. As in 1914 history has given them a rude awakening.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nMany people on the Left ask why, if there is such a deep crisis, the masses have not risen. Those who ask such questions we refer to 1914. Why did that crisis not lead immediately to a revolutionary movement? Why did the workers flock enthusiastically to the flag? Here formal logic and abstract generalisations will provide no answer. Only a knowledge of dialectics can shed light on the question.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nUnlike idealists, who think that human consciousness is the driving force of all progress, dialectical materialism explains that human consciousness is extremely conservative. Men and women always cling to what is familiar: tradition, habit and routine weigh heavily on the brain. Capitalism breeds lifelong habits of obedience, which are easily transferred from the school to the factory production line and thence to the barracks.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe ruling class has a thousand ways of moulding consciousness: the school, the pulpit, the mass media and above all that invisible but powerful force we call public opinion. The masses will always take the road of least resistance, until the hammer blows of great events compel them to begin to question the values, the morality, the religion and the beliefs that have shaped their thinking all their lives.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThis process takes time. It is not a straight line, but very contradictory. The same soldiers who waved flags and sang patriotic songs in August and September 1914 were the ones who took up the red flag and sang the Internationale three or four years later. An immense gulf separated the two phenomena \u2013 a gulf filled with immense suffering, horrors and death. It was a hard lesson, but it was a lesson well learned.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nWhat of today? There is no war, at least not in the sense of 1914. But from the standpoint of history the year 2008 will be seen to have been as great a turning point as then. The great learning process has begun. Does it seem too slow for you? But history proceeds according to its own laws and at its own speeds, which cannot be made any faster by impatience.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nIn 1806, when he was completing his great \u201cvoyage of discovery\u201d The Phenomenology of Mind, Hegel saw Napoleon riding through the streets of Jena and exclaimed: \u201cI have seen the World Spirit on horseback!\u201d The Bible says: \u201cEyes have they but they do not see.\u201d Look around you! Can you not see already evidence of a change in the situation? On the streets of Istanbul and Athens, Sao Paolo and Madrid, Cairo and Lisbon, the masses are beginning to move.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nToday we can say that the Spirit of a New World is on the march everywhere, not in the shape of an individual hero, but in the person of millions of nameless heroes and heroines who are slowly but surely drawing conclusions and moving into action to take their own destiny into their hands.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nLenin said: \u201ccapitalism is horror without end.\u201d The bloody convulsions that are spreading throughout the world show that he was right. Middle class moralists weep and wail about these horrors, but they have no idea what the causes are, still less the solution. Pacifists, \u201cGreens\u201d, feminists and others point to the symptoms but not the underlying cause, which lies in a diseased social system that has outlived its historical role.", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe horrors we see before us are only the outward symptoms of the death agony of capitalism. But they are also the birth-pangs of a new society that is fighting to be born. It is our task to cut short these birth pangs and hasten the birth of a new and genuinely human society.\nSomebody once told the Spanish revolutionary Durruti: \u201cYou will be sitting on top of a pile of ruins if you are victorious\u201d. To which Durruti answered:", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\n\u201cWe have always lived in slums and holes in the wall. We will know how to accommodate ourselves for a time. For, you must not forget, we can also build. It is we who built these palaces and cities, here in Spain and in America and everywhere. We, the workers, we can build others to take their place. And better ones. We are not in the least afraid of ruins. We are going to inherit the earth. There is not the slightest doubt about that", "Alan Woods: The Dawn of 1914 and the Illusion of Progress\nThe bourgeoisie might blast and ruin its own world before it leaves the stage of history. We carry a new world, here, in our hearts. That world is growing this minute.\u201d"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://online.unt.edu/graduate-programs/ms-longtermcare

Health Services Administration | UNT Online

["Health Services Administration | UNT Online\nMaster of Science in Health Services Administration\nGet your MS in Health Services Administration!\nMS in Health Services Administration", "Health Services Administration | UNT Online\nLeaders in the current health care delivery environment seek a broad based graduate education that offers the opportunity to assume a leadership role in a health care delivery setting that serves a broader spectrum of the population. This program provides the broad foundation in health services administration that future leaders seek, and also provides choices for a specialized area of expertise", "Health Services Administration | UNT Online\nAt the master's level, we currently offer concentrations in applied gerontology and long term care administration. Additional concentrations in other areas will be added in the future.", "Health Services Administration | UNT Online\nComing in 2017, we will begin offering a Ph.D. program in Health Services Research with a concentration in Applied Gerontology. The focus will be on the applied gerontology practitioner who is interested in making a contribution to the discipline through research, while maintaining their focus on active engagement with the aging population.", "Health Services Administration | UNT Online\nThe faculty has a vast array of experience in a variety of health care delivery environments, and broad expertise in health care research and policy. In addition, access to a fully online master's program allows working professionals to balance coursework and demanding careers. Students in the online program gain knowledge through applied study of actual cases, discussions, relevant projects, and interactive learning forums.\nInvestigate accessibility of the health care delivery system for aging population.", "Health Services Administration | UNT Online\nWork with faculty members in applied gerontology research.\nConvenient. Earn a Master's Degree in less time.\nAdministrators of various agencies and facilities involved with long-term care and retirement facilities.\nStudents interested in researching various social, psychological and policy aspects of aging.\nStudents interested in integrating community-based and residential programs for the aged.", "Health Services Administration | UNT Online\nThe thriving healthcare industry provides some of the nation\u2019s best job opportunities. For instance, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) forecasts jobs for medical and health services managers to grow 23% between 2012 and 2022\u2014considerably faster than the average percentage increase for most other occupations.", "Health Services Administration | UNT Online\nLeaders in the current health care delivery environment seek a broad based graduate education that offers the opportunity to assume a leadership role in a health care delivery setting that serves a broader spectrum of the population. This program provides the broad foundation in health services administration that future leaders seek, and also provides choices for a specialized area of expertise.", "Health Services Administration | UNT Online\nThe College of Health and Public Service is proud to offer its newest programs in Health Services. If you are looking to further your career in the healthcare services, we offer the following concentrations within the MS in Health Services Administration:\nConcentration in Applied Gerontology\nConcentration in Long Term Care Administration\nChilton Hall, Suite 218\nE-mail:[email protected]\nWeb:dar.hps.unt.edu\nLearn About the Programs in Health Services\nEducation, Research, and Engagement\nPACS Scholarship Info"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-the-Netherlands

History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica

["History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nHistory of the Netherlands\nNorth Sea floodFlooded village on Zuid-Beveland island, Netherlands, following the North Sea flood, 1953. National Archives, Washington, D.C. (ARC Identifier no. 541705)\nNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization: members and partnersMap depicting the member countries and partner countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc.", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIndonesian independenceScenes of the ceremony marking Indonesia's independence from Dutch rule, including views of Juliana, queen of the Netherlands, and Indonesian Prime Minister Mohammad Hatta, 1949. Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library\nmajor treatment\nIn Netherlands: History\nThis section surveys the history of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from its founding in 1579 to the present. For a discussion of the period prior to that date, see Low Countries, history of the.\n1830 Revolutions", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIn Revolutions of 1830\nBelgium declared its independence from the Netherlands, and it was recognized in 1831 as a separate nation. For several years the Greeks had been fighting for their independence from the Ottoman Empire, and in 1832 the European powers recognized Greece as an independent sovereign state.\nAcehnese War\nIn Acehnese War", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026an armed conflict between the Netherlands and the Muslim sultanate of Aceh (also spelled Acheh, or Atjeh) in northern Sumatra that resulted in Dutch conquest of the Acehnese and, ultimately, in Dutch domination of the entire region. In 1871 the Netherlands and Britain had signed a treaty that recognized Dutch\u2026\nage of European monarchy\nIn history of Europe: Holland", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026taught the English to respect Dutch naval strength as much as they envied its commercial wealth. Foreign attitudes were ambivalent because this small state was not only the newest but also the richest per capita and quite different from any other. The nation of seamen and merchants was also the\u2026\nIn American Revolution: French intervention and the decisive action at Virginia Capes", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026of Spain in 1779 and the Netherlands in 1780, effected important changes in the naval aspect of the war. The Spanish and Dutch were not particularly active, but their role in keeping British naval forces tied down in Europe was significant. The British navy could not maintain an effective blockade\u2026\nIn United States: The American Revolutionary War", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nAfter 1780 Spain and the Netherlands were able to control much of the water around the British Isles, thus keeping the bulk of British naval forces tied down in Europe.\nArctic exploration\nIn Arctic: English and Dutch exploration of the Eurasian Arctic", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026early 16th century by the Dutch and the English. The motive was trade with the Far East. The known sea routes around the southern tips of Africa and South America had been claimed as a monopoly by Portugal and Spain, respectively, and were long and arduous besides; the overland routes\u2026\nIn Belgium: The Kingdom of the Netherlands", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nAfter the defeat of Napoleon, the Allied powers were determined not to leave the Belgian territories in the hands of France. Under the influence of Great Britain, it was decided that the territories would be united in a single state with\u2026\nIn Brussels: Centuries of occupation", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. This reunion of the southern and northern provinces, which had been separated in the 16th century, lasted 15 years (1815\u201330). During this period Brussels shared the status of capital with The Hague. Its appearance changed appreciably, above all because of the demolition of\u2026\nIn Dutch Republic", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026of the present Kingdom of the Netherlands and which achieved a position of world power in the 17th century. The republic consisted of the seven northern Netherlands provinces that won independence from Spain from 1568 to 1609, and it grew out of the Union of Utrecht (1579), which was designed\u2026\nearly modern Europe\nIn history of Europe: Trade and the Atlantic revolution", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026faced intensified competition from the Dutch, who from about 1580 introduced a new ship design (the fluitschip, a sturdy, cheaply built cargo vessel) and new techniques of shipbuilding, including wind-powered saws. Freight charges dropped and the size of the Dutch merchant marine soared; by the mid-17th century, it probably exceeded\u2026\nEighty Years\u2019 War\nIn Eighty Years' War", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026War, (1568\u20131648), the war of Netherlands independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (the Dutch Republic). The first phase of the war began with two unsuccessful invasions of the provinces by mercenary\u2026\nIn history of Europe: The proto-Enlightenment", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026the importance of the Dutch Republic in the 17th century. Because Holland contributed little to science, philosophy, or even art at the time of the philosophes, though enviable enough in the tranquil lives of many of its citizens, its golden 17th century tends to be overlooked in traditional accounts of\u2026\nIn French Revolution: The Directory and revolutionary expansion", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Rhineland and Holland were occupied, and in 1795 Holland, Tuscany, Prussia, and Spain negotiated for peace. When the French army under Bonaparte entered Italy (1796), Sardinia came quickly to terms. Austria was the last to give in (Treaty of Campo Formio,\nGeuzen\nIn Geuzen", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026forces whose military actions initiated the Netherlands\u2019 revolt against Spanish rule (1568\u20131609). The term was first applied derisively to the lesser nobility who, together with some of the great Netherlands magnates, in 1566 petitioned Margaret of Parma, governor-general of the Netherlands, to relax the religious persecution against Protestants. Receiving partial\u2026\nHabsburgs\nIn House of Habsburg: The Habsburg succession in the 18th century", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026content himself with the southern Netherlands and with the former Spanish possessions on the mainland of Italy, together with Mantua (annexed by him in 1708) and Sardinia. Sardinia, however, was exchanged by him in 1717 for Sicily, which the peacemakers of Utrecht had assigned to the House of Savoy. With\u2026\nLow Countries\nIn history of the Low Countries", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026territory of what are today the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg as well as parts of northern France. However, Belgium, although it was not constituted as an independent kingdom until 1831, became a distinct entity after 1585, when the southern provinces were definitively reconquered by Spain and separated from the northern\u2026\nPeace of Paris\nIn Peace of Paris\nThe Netherlands and Britain also signed a preliminary treaty on September 2, 1783, and a final separate peace on May 20, 1784.", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIn radio: Radio\u2019s early years\n\u2026as PCGG) began in Rotterdam, Netherlands, on November 6, 1919. Other early Dutch stations were operated by the Amsterdam Stock Exchange (to send information to new members) and by a news agency that was seeking a new way to serve newspaper subscribers. Another early station appeared in Canada when station\u2026\nRevolutions of 1848", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIn Belgium, the Netherlands, and Denmark it manifested itself in peaceful reforms of existing institutions; but democratic insurrections broke out in the capitals of the three great monarchies, Paris, Vienna, and Berlin, where the governments, rendered powerless by their fear of \u201cthe revolution,\u201d did little to defend themselves.\u2026\nSecretariat of the Pacific Community\nIn Secretariat of the Pacific Community", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nFrance, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and the United States to advise them on economic, social, and health matters affecting the South Pacific island territories they administered. It is the oldest regional organization in the Pacific and is headquartered in Noum\u00e9a, New Caledonia. Guam and the Trust\u2026\nIn ship: 17th-century developments", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nRaleigh wrote that the Dutch ships of the period were so easy to sail that a crew one-third the size used in English craft could operate them. Efforts were made to accomplish technical improvements on English copies of Venetian and Genoese traders. These ultimately resulted in the East Indiaman\u2026\nIn Thirty Years' War", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026of Sweden and the United Netherlands, which had at last thrown off the yoke of Spain after a struggle lasting 80 years. A parallel struggle involved the rivalry of France with the Habsburgs of the empire and with the Habsburgs of Spain, who had been attempting to construct a cordon\u2026\nIn history of Europe: The crisis in the Habsburg lands", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026that the conflict in the Netherlands would be resolved in Spain\u2019s favour later, making a concerted Habsburg attack on the Protestants of the empire both ineluctable and irresistible.\nIn history of Europe: Making peace, 1645\u201348", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe war in the Netherlands was the first to be ended: on Jan. 30, 1648, Philip IV of Spain signed a peace that recognized the Dutch Republic as independent and agreed to liberalize trade between the Netherlands and the Iberian world. The French government, led since Richelieu\u2019s death (Dec.\u2026\ntown government in 17th century\nIn history of Europe: The bourgeoisie", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026can be studied in the Dutch towns in the years after 1648 when regents gained control. Everywhere elites were composed of those who had no business role. Among other labels for this period, when a profession seemed to be more desirable than trade, \u201ca time of lawyers\u201d might be appropriate.\u2026\ntransatlantic slave trade\nIn transatlantic slave trade", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Dutch became the foremost slave traders during parts of the 1600s, and in the following century English and French merchants controlled about half of the transatlantic slave trade, taking a large percentage of their human cargo from the region of West Africa between the\u2026\nIn Tulip Mania", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026craze reached its height in Holland during 1633\u201337. Before 1633 Holland\u2019s tulip trade had been restricted to professional growers and experts, but the steadily rising prices tempted many ordinary middle-class and poor families to speculate in the tulip market. Homes, estates, and industries were mortgaged so that bulbs could be\u2026\nVienna Congress\nIn Congress of Vienna: Decisions of the congress", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026to the new Kingdom of the Netherlands, which comprised both the former United Provinces and Belgium. Austria was compensated by Lombardy and Venice and got back most of Tirol. Bavaria, W\u00fcrttemberg, and Baden on the whole did well. Hanover was\nWars of Religion\nIn history of Europe: The Wars of Religion", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nNetherlands each achieved a settlement of the religious problem by means of war, and in each case the solution contained original aspects. In Germany the territorial formula of cuius regio, eius religio applied\u2014that is, in each petty state the population had to conform to the\u2026\nWestphalia Peace\nIn Peace of Westphalia", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nWar between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years\u2019 War. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of M\u00fcnster and Osnabr\u00fcck. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. The treaty of October 24, 1648, comprehended the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand\u2026\nIn World War I: The Schlieffen Plan", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026the southernmost part of the Netherlands. With their right wing entering France near Lille, the Germans would continue to wheel westward until they were near the English Channel; they would then turn southward so as to sever the French armies\u2019 line of retreat from France\u2019s eastern frontier to the south;\u2026\ncolonialism and exploration\nIn United States: The middle colonies", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nNew Netherland, founded in 1624 at Fort Orange (now Albany) by the Dutch West India Company, was but one element in a wider program of Dutch expansion in the first half of the 17th century. In 1664 the English captured the colony of New Netherland,\u2026\nIn Native American: The Netherlands and Sweden", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe colonial efforts of the Netherlands and Sweden were motivated primarily by commerce. Dutch businessmen formed several colonial monopolies soon after their country gained independence from Spain in the late 16th century. The Dutch West India Company\nIn aggression", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026its neighbours in 1947, between the Netherlands and Indonesia in 1947, between India and Pakistan in 1948, between Israel and its neighbours in 1949, between Israel, Great Britain, France, and Egypt in 1956, and between Israel, Jordan, and Egypt in 1970. None of these states was at the time\nIn Indonesia: Expansion of European influence", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026century, however, an increase in Dutch and British interests in the region gave rise to a series of voyages, including those of James Lancaster (1591 and 1601), Cornelis de Houtman and Frederik de Houtman (1595 and 1598), and Jacob van Neck (1598). In 1602 the Dutch East India Company (formal\u2026\nIn Aceh: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026(in 1591) and by the Dutch. Its power reached its height in the time of Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607\u201336). In that period there were frequent wars with the Portuguese at Malacca (now Melaka), and the Portuguese fleet was defeated at Bintan in 1614. The Dutch (1599) and the English (1602)\u2026\nIn Bangka Belitung: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026European administration began with the Dutch, who annexed Bangka and Belitung in 1806. The region was occupied by the British in 1812 (during the Napoleonic Wars), but Bangka was returned to the Dutch in 1814, followed by Belitung in 1816, and the islands were absorbed into the Dutch East Indies.\nIn Banten: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026relations\u2014some amicable, some hostile\u2014with Portuguese, Dutch, British, and other European traders, all seeking to dominate the spice market. The Dutch East India Company ultimately won the monopoly and absorbed the sultanate of Banten into its operation through a treaty in 1684. After the dissolution of the company in 1799, coastal\u2026\nIn Central Sulawesi: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Dutch conspired with the Bugis of Bone, who were led by Arung Palakka, and succeeded in overthrowing Gowa in 1669. Arung Palakka then emerged as the most powerful ruler on the island; internecine warfare, however, paved the way for the gradual extension of the Dutch\u2026\nIn East Nusa Tenggara", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026centuries the Portuguese and the Dutch were in frequent conflict in the area, and the island of Timor became a Dutch colony in 1859. The Japanese occupied East Nusa Tenggara during World War II (1939\u201345). It was incorporated into the Republic of Indonesia in 1950.\nIn Gorontalo: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026the conversion of Gowa, the Dutch arrived on Celebes. In 1658 they built a fort at Manado, on the tip of the northern peninsula, and the following decade they attacked and defeated Gowa with the help of Gowa\u2019s rival, the Buginese state of Bone (now called Watampone). Gowa formally surrendered\u2026\nIn Maluku: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026early 16th century, and the Dutch, beginning in 1599, established settlements on some of the islands. The Dutch conquest was completed in 1667, when the sultan of Tidore (now in North Maluku) recognized Dutch sovereignty. The islands were ruled by the British between 1796 and 1802 and again in 1810\u201317.\u2026\nIn Moluccas: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026later, the Spanish, English, and Dutch wrestled for control of the islands. Eventually, the Dutch emerged victorious, and they earned large profits from their enterprise in the Moluccas. By the end of the 18th century, however, the spice trade had greatly diminished, and the islands had become an economic backwater.\nIn North Maluku: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026early 16th century, and the Dutch, beginning in 1599, established settlements on some of the islands. The Dutch conquest was completed in 1667, when the sultan of the island of Tidore recognized Dutch sovereignty. The islands were ruled by the British between 1796 and 1802 and again in 1810\u201317; they\u2026\nIn North Sulawesi: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Dutch, who had arrived on Celebes in the early 17th century and built a fort at Manado in 1658, attacked and defeated Gowa in 1669 with the help of Gowa\u2019s rivals, the neighbouring Bugis of Bone (now called Watampone). The Dutch subsequently established other trading\u2026\nIn North Sumatra", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe British and Dutch vied for control of the region during the 17th and 18th centuries; the British surrendered their interests in Sumatra to the Dutch in 1871, and by 1903 the Dutch had gained complete control of the northern part of the island. Following Japanese occupation during\u2026\nIn Riau: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Dutch arrived in 1596, and the British followed shortly afterward. Rivalries between the European powers and attacks by sea pirates adversely affected the fortunes of the region, which had come under Dutch control by the end of the 18th century.\nRiau Islands\nIn Riau Islands: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026of the 17th century, the Dutch and the British landed at Bantam (near present-day Banten), on the western end of Java. By the late 18th century\u2014after a period of intense rivalry between the European powers, particularly the British and the Dutch\u2014the Dutch had wrested the port town of Melaka from\u2026\nIn South Sulawesi: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026Gowa\u2019s acceptance of Islam, the Dutch established a trading post at the town of Makassar, which led to warfare with Gowa and to an alliance between the Dutch and the Bugis prince of Bone (now Watampone), Arung Palakka. With Bugis assistance, the Dutch ultimately defeated the Gowa leader in 1669\u2026\nIn Southeast Sulawesi: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026Gowa\u2019s acceptance of Islam, the Dutch established a trading post in the town of Makassar, which led to warfare with Gowa and to an alliance between the Dutch and the Bugis prince of Bone (now Watampone), Arung Palakka. With Bugis assistance, the Dutch ultimately defeated the Gowa leader in 1669\u2026\nIn West Papua: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026was subsequently visited by Spanish, Dutch, German, and English explorers. The English attempted to found a colony near Manokwari in 1793. The Dutch claimed the western half of New Guinea in 1828, but their first permanent administrative posts, at Fakfak and Manokwari, were not set up until 1898. Haji Misbach,\u2026\nIn West Sulawesi: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026the conversion of Gowa, the Dutch arrived in Celebes. Their establishment of a trading post at Makassar, on the island\u2019s southwestern peninsula, ultimately intensified the rivalry between Gowa and the neighbouring Buginese state of Bone. In 1660 the Buginese nobleman Arung Palakka was defeated by the Makassarese and took refuge\u2026\nIn West Sumatra: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nShortly thereafter, in 1596, the Dutch entered the area and began to establish a firm foothold in western Sumatra. In the early 19th century, control of the island passed temporarily to the British. The Dutch managed to reestablish themselves in the region after intervening on behalf of the Minangkabau royal\u2026\nIn New York: Colonial period", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026as a colony of the Netherlands following Henry Hudson\u2019s exploration in 1609 of the river later named for him. In 1624 at what is today Albany, the Dutch established Fort Orange as the first permanent European settlement in New York. One year later New Amsterdam was established at the southern\u2026\nIn Staten Island", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026began in 1630 by the Dutch. Indian attacks dispelled permanent settlers until 1661, when the Dutch West India Company granted lands to French Waldenses and Huguenots and a colony was established at Oude Dorp (\u201cOld Town\u201d), a few miles south of The Narrows (the channel separating the island from Brooklyn).\u2026\nIn New York City: Ethnic and religious diversity", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026cosmopolitan atmosphere was retained when Dutch control ended and Britain assumed power. Jews, Roman Catholics, and numerous ethnic groups lived in Manhattan before the end of the 17th century, but political control remained in the hands of the established merchant elite. When the American Revolution began, more prominent Dutch families\u2014the\u2026\nIn New York City: The colonial city", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIt was not the first Dutch settlement in North America, but the advantages of its location made it immensely valuable. In May 1626 Peter Minuit arrived with orders to secure title to the land. He quickly negotiated the real estate deal of the millennium, purchasing the area from a band\u2026\nIn Central Africa: Development of the slave trade", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Dutch were the second colonial power to influence the history of Central Africa. Their impact was felt in ways rather different from that of the Portuguese. They were more interested in commodities than in slaves and so opened up the market for ivory. The old\u2026\nIn Aruba: History\n\u2026it was taken by the Dutch and occupied by the Dutch West India Company. As part of the Netherlands Antilles, Aruba came briefly under British rule during the Napoleonic Wars but was returned to the Netherlands in 1816.", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIn Australia: The Dutch\nLate in 1605 Willem Jansz (Janszoon) of Amsterdam sailed aboard the Duyfken from Bantam in the Dutch East Indies in search of New Guinea. He reached the Torres Strait a few weeks before Torres and named what was later to prove part of the\u2026\nIn Northern Territory: Prehistory and European exploration", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026Territory, however, came with the Dutch, the colonial successors to the Portuguese in the archipelago. In 1605 the Duyfken, commanded by the Dutch explorer Willem Jansz, explored the eastern shore of the Gulf of Carpentaria. Eighteen years later Willem van Colster in the Arnhem touched briefly at the northwestern tip\u2026\nIn Western Australia: European exploration and settlement", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026followed the move of the Dutch East India Company into the Indian Ocean in the early 17th century. Between the landfall of Dirck Hartog in 1616 and the reconnoitering voyages of Abel Janszoon Tasman in 1642 and 1644, the outline of Australia\u2019s western coast was filled in, but the region\u2026\nIn Bali: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Dutch first visited Bali in 1597, when the island was divided among a number of warring Muslim states. The Dutch annexed the northern Balinese states of Buleleng and Jembrana in 1882, and, in the 1894 Dutch invasion of nearby Lombok Island, the Balinese prince, Anak\u2026\nIn Brazil: Dutch and French incursions", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026enemies, including the newly independent Netherlands. The Dutch seized and briefly held Salvador in 1624\u201325, and in 1630 the Dutch West India Company dispatched a fleet that captured Pernambuco, which remained under Dutch control for a quarter-century. The company chose as governor of its new possession John Maurice, count of\u2026\nIn history of Latin America: The sugar age", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026but the impact of the Netherlands was more directly felt, for the Dutch seized Bahia in 1624, holding it to 1625, and controlled the important captaincy of Pernambuco from 1630 to 1654.\nIn history of Europe: The reflux of empire", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nBritish and Dutch decolonization in East Asia began in 1947 with the independence of India and the creation of Pakistan. Burma and Ceylon followed in 1948, and the Dutch East Indies in 1949. Malaya\u2019s independence was delayed until 1957 by a communist campaign of terror, quelled by\u2026\nIn 20th-century international relations: South Asia", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026Minh in Indochina, while the Dutch failed to subdue nationalists in Indonesia and granted independence in 1949. The United States transferred power peacefully in the Philippines in 1946.\nEast India Company conflict\nIn East India Company", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026met with opposition from the Dutch in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and the Portuguese. The Dutch virtually excluded company members from the East Indies after the Amboina Massacre in 1623 (an incident in which English, Japanese, and Portuguese traders were executed by Dutch authorities), but the company\u2019s defeat\u2026\nEuropean overseas exploration\nIn European exploration: The northern passages", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Dutch next took up the search for the passage. The Dutch navigator William Barents made three expeditions between 1594 and 1597 (when he died in Novaya Zemlya, modern Soviet Union). The English navigator Henry Hudson, in the employ of the Dutch, discovered between 1605 and\u2026\nIn Frisia", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nthe Netherlands and Germany, fronting the North Sea and including the Frisian Islands. It has been divided since 1815 into Friesland, a province of the Netherlands, and the Ostfriesland and Nordfriesland regions of northwestern Germany. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic\u2026\nIn The Guianas", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026the area in 1593, the Dutch began in 1602 to settle along the Essequibo, Courantyne, and Cayenne rivers and were followed by the Dutch West India Company (1621), which received what is now Guyana, and later Suriname. The company introduced African slaves to work its tobacco, cotton, and coffee plantations.\u2026\nIn Guyana: Early history", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIt was the Dutch who finally began European settlement, establishing trading posts upriver in about 1580. By the mid-17th century the Dutch had begun importing slaves from West Africa to cultivate sugarcane. In the 18th century the Dutch, joined by other Europeans, moved their estates downriver toward the\u2026\nHudson, Henry\nIn Henry Hudson", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u20261610\u201311) and once for the Dutch (1609), tried to discover a short route from Europe to Asia through the Arctic Ocean, in both the Old World and the New. A river, a strait, and a bay in North America are named for him.\nIn India: The Dutch\nIn the race to the East after the Spanish obstacle had been removed, the Dutch, having ample resources, were the first to arrive after the Portuguese. Their first voyage was in 1595, helped by the local knowledge of Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, who\u2026", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIn India: Revolution in Bengal\n\u2026had to deal with the Dutch, who, hearing of M\u012br Ja\u02bffar\u2019s restiveness and alarmed by the growth of British power in Bengal, sent an armament of six ships to their station at Chinsura on the Hooghly River. Though Britain was at peace with the Netherlands at the time, Clive maneuvered\u2026\nIn Islamic world: Indian Ocean Islam", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026for Muslim competition with the Dutch into the third quarter of the 17th century, when its greatest monarch, \u1e24asan al-D\u012bn (ruled 1631\u201370), was forced to cede his independence. Meanwhile, however, a serious Islamic presence was developing in Java, inland as well as on the coasts; by the early 17th century\u2026\nLinggadjati Agreement controversy\nIn Linggadjati Agreement", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026Cheribon Agreement, treaty between the Dutch and the Republic of Indonesia drafted on Nov. 15, 1946, at Linggadjati (now Linggajati) near Cheribon (now Cirebon, formerly Tjirebon, western Java). Soon after the capitulation of the Japanese in World War II, the independence of the Republic of Indonesia was declared, on Aug.\u2026\nIn Raja Haji", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026from their homeland by the Dutch, established a dynasty in the Malay state of Selangor, became the power behind the throne of the state of Johore, and were powerful influences in the states of Kedah and Perak.\nIn Imam Bondjol", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIn 1821 Dutch forces intervened, responding to a request for aid from the secular leaders but also seeking to cut off Minangkabau trade with the British at Benkulen (Bengkulu in modern Sumatra) and on Penang Island. The Java War (1825\u201330), however, diverted Dutch energies, and Imam Bondjol\u2019s\u2026\nIn Netherlands Antilles: History", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Dutch, attracted by salt deposits, occupied the islands in the early 17th century, and, except for brief periods of British occupation, the islands have remained Dutch possessions. Through much of the 17th and 18th centuries, the islands prospered from Dutch trade in slaves, plantation products,\u2026\nIn Papua New Guinea: The colonial period", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nIt was the Dutch, however, who claimed the western half of the island as part of the Dutch East Indies in 1828; their control remained nominal until 1898, when their first permanent administrative posts were set up at Fakfak and Manokwari.\nIn Pacific Islands: The 16th and 17th centuries", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThereafter, the Dutch, who were already established in Indonesia, entered the Pacific. They too looked for a southern continent. In 1615\u201316 the Dutch navigator Jakob Le Maire traveled from the east through the Tuamotus to Tonga and New Ireland and New Hanover in the Bismarck Archipelago. In\u2026\nIn Pacific Ocean: European exploration", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nDuring the Dutch period\u2014roughly the 17th century\u2014Jakob Le Maire and Willem Corneliszoon Schouten discovered inhabited islands in the northern Tuamotu Archipelago, as well as islands in the Tonga group and Alofi and Futuna islands. The best-known of the Dutch explorers, Abel Janszoon Tasman, visited islands in the\u2026\nIn Saint Martin\n\u2026historically and administratively with the Netherlands, the northern two-thirds with France.\nIn Singapore: East India Company", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026trading site, forestalled by the Dutch at Riau, and finding the Carimon (Karimun) Islands unsuitable, landed at Singapore. He found only a few Chinese planters, some aborigines, and a few Malays and was told by the hereditary chief, the temenggong (direct ancestor of the sultans of present-day Johor, Malaysia), that\u2026\nIn South Africa: Settlement of the Cape Colony", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026the century, the imprint of Dutch colonialism in South Africa was clear, with settlers, aided by increasing numbers of slaves, growing wheat, tending vineyards, and grazing their sheep and cattle from the Cape peninsula to the Hottentots Holland Mountains some 30 miles (50 km) away. A 1707 census of the\u2026\nIn history of Southeast Asia: Chinese and Western incursions", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026on Java in 1618, the Dutch found themselves embroiled in the succession disputes of the court of Mataram and, by the late 1740s, virtual kingmakers and shareholders in the realm. Finally, Europeans did bring with them much that was new. Some items shaped Southeast Asian life in unexpected ways: the\u2026\nIn history of Southeast Asia: Struggle for independence", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026numbers of resident French and Dutch and because of extensive investments. The result in both countries was an armed struggle in which the Western power was eventually defeated and independence secured. The Indonesian revolution, for all its internal complexities, was won in little more than four years with a combination\u2026\nIn Southern Africa: The Dutch at the Cape", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nApart from the Portuguese enclaves in Angola and Mozambique, the only other area of European settlement in Southern Africa in the 17th and 18th centuries was the Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope. In the late 16th century the\u2026\nIn Sri Lanka: Kandy and its struggle with European powers", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026saw the arrival of the Dutch as an excellent opportunity to gain naval support against his adversaries. The first Dutch envoy, Joris van Spilbergen, met the king in July 1602 and made lavish promises of military assistance. A few months later another Dutch official, Sebald de Weert, arrived with a\u2026\nIn Sri Lanka: Dutch rule in Sri Lanka (1658\u20131796)", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nDutch rule in Sri Lanka was implemented though the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-indische Compagnie; commonly called VOC), a trading company established in 1602 primarily to protect Dutch trade interests in the Indian Ocean. Although the VOC first\u2026\nIn Sri Lanka: British Ceylon (1796\u20131900)", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nWhen the Netherlands came under French control, the British began to move into Sri Lanka from India. The Dutch, after a halfhearted resistance, surrendered the island in 1796. The British had thought the conquest temporary and administered the island from Madras (Chennai) in southern India. The\u2026\nIn Suriname: Settlement and growth", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026year it was ceded to the Netherlands in exchange for New Amsterdam (now New York City). (Except for the years 1799\u20131802 and 1804\u201315, when it was under British rule, Suriname remained under Dutch rule until its independence in 1975.)\nTanimbar Islands\nIn Tanimbar Islands", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026group was visited by the Dutch in 1629 and claimed by them in 1639 by right of discovery, but Dutch rule was not established on the islands until 1900. The people are basically Melanesians of the Papuan variety, but there has been much mixture with Asian peoples. There are many\u2026\nIn Venezuela: The Andinos", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026coast in 1902\u201303 and a Dutch attack upon their navy in 1908. Ill health forced Castro to go to Europe for medical attention in 1908, whereupon G\u00f3mez usurped the presidential powers and did not relinquish them until his death 27 years later.\nIn western Africa: The rise of the Atlantic slave trade", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026with western Africa were the Dutch, who had been some of the principal distributors in northwestern Europe of the Asian, African, and American produce imported into Portugal and Spain. After the northern Netherlands had revolted against Spanish rule, however, and Philip II of Spain (who since 1580 had been king\u2026\nIn western Africa: The fall of the African kingdoms", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026forts also, but the continued Dutch presence on the coast prevented them from raising an effective revenue from customs duties, and they quarreled with the coastal peoples over the issue of direct taxation. They therefore failed to erect an effective coastal administration of their own on the foundation laid by\u2026\nrelations with\nIn Austria: War of the Spanish Succession", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nAustria gained the Spanish Netherlands (henceforth known as the Austrian Netherlands), a territory corresponding approximately to modern Belgium and Luxembourg. These gains were somewhat impaired, however, by the Dutch privilege of stationing garrisons in a number of fortresses. In Italy, Austria received Milan, Mantua, Mirandola, the continental part of\u2026\nIn United Kingdom: The Hundred Years\u2019 War, to 1360", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026rivalry also extended into the Netherlands, which was dependent on English wool for industrial prosperity but some of whose states, including Flanders, were subject to French claims of suzerainty. Finally, there was the matter of the French throne itself. Edward, through his mother, was closer in blood to the last\u2026\nIn United Kingdom: The clash with Spain", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026forgot Elizabeth\u2019s interference in the Netherlands, where Dutch Protestants were in full revolt. At first, aid had been limited to money and the harbouring of Dutch ships in English ports, but, after the assassination of the Protestant leader, William I, in 1584, the position of the rebels became so desperate\u2026\nIn Germany: Imperial reform", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026Austria to Spain and the Netherlands (the future Charles V was born of this union in 1500); and in 1516 Maximilian\u2019s grandson Ferdinand was betrothed to the heiress of Hungary and Bohemia. These connections, however, only escalated Maximilian\u2019s internal and external problems. In foreign politics his ventures ended, for the\u2026\nIn Germany: The Thirty Years\u2019 War and the Peace of Westphalia", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026established the independence of the Netherlands from Spain and of Switzerland from the empire. Most significant of all, it guaranteed the nearly unlimited territorial sovereignty of German princes, bringing to an end the last effort (until the 19th century) to centralize power in the empire. In this way the Peace\u2026\nIn Japanese art: Tokugawa, or Edo, period", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Dutch trading post of Deshima in Nagasaki Harbour was Japan\u2019s primary window on the outside world, providing a steady stream of Western visual images, most often in print form and frequently once removed from Europe through a Chinese interpretation. Western themes, techniques, and certain optical\u2026\nIn Japan: The opening of Japan", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nThe Netherlands, the only European power trading with Japan, realized that, if Britain succeeded in forcing Japan to open the country, it would lose its monopoly; so the Dutch now planned to seize the initiative in opening Japan and thus to turn the situation to their\u2026\nIn Ottoman Empire: Military defeats and the emergence of the Eastern Question, 1683\u20131792", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nBritain and the Netherlands, who sought to guard the commercial privileges that they had secured from the sultan through the Capitulations by preventing any country from gaining control of the entire Ottoman Empire and thereby becoming dominant in Europe. Russia and Austria fought the Ottomans not only by\u2026\nIn Portugal: Consolidation of the monarchy\n\u2026allowed many to emigrate to Holland, where their experience with Portuguese trade was put at the service of the Dutch.\nIn Russia: Trends in the 17th century", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026potash) to the English and Dutch, and its merchants took a leading role in the early exploitation of Siberia. The government itself became deeply involved in the development of trade and commerce, both through its monopolistic control of certain areas and commodities and by its efforts to build up such\u2026\nIn Spain: Charles I", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026the Spaniards nevertheless accused the Netherlanders of greed and place hunting. It took Charles\u2019s Netherlandish ministers a year and a half to settle the Netherlandish government and to make agreements with France and England that would allow the boy king to take possession of his new kingdom without outside interference.\u2026\nSultan Agung\nIn Agung", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nDutch troops had conquered Jacatra (now Jakarta) in 1619 and established there a base they named Batavia. In 1629 the sultan\u2019s forces attacked the city in an effort to drive out the Europeans, but superior Dutch naval forces maintained the Dutch position. This was the\u2026\nIn Fernando \u00c1lvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3er duque de Alba", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026of the aristocratic opposition in the Netherlands. But if this should not be immediately possible, he remarked, the king should dissemble now and execute them at a more opportune moment. In 1565 Philip sent him, together with his queen, Elizabeth of Valois, to meet Elizabeth\u2019s mother, Catherine de M\u00e9dicis, regent\u2026\nIn Elizabeth I: Religious questions and the fate of Mary, Queen of Scots", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026the Spanish armies in the Netherlands. But she was very reluctant to become involved, in part because she detested rebellion, even rebellion undertaken in the name of Protestantism, and in part because she detested expenditures. Eventually, after vacillations that drove her councillors to despair, she agreed first to provide some\u2026\nFrederick the Great\nIn Frederick II: Trials and lessons\n\u2026in exchange for the Austrian Netherlands.\nFrederick William the Great Elector\nIn Frederick William", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026was, above all, impressed by Holland\u2019s imposing maritime and commercial power, as well as by its pioneering achievements in military technology and organization. He retained a marked preference for Dutch architecture and agriculture and a strong desire to open Brandenburg to international commerce and maritime trade.\nGreat Cond\u00e9\nIn Louis II de Bourbon, 4e prince de Cond\u00e9", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026invade the United Provinces of the Netherlands (1672). He was wounded in the famous crossing of the Rhine near Arnhem (June 12, 1672) but, nevertheless, went on to defend Alsace from invasion. Having completed the evacuation of the United Provinces, he halted the prince of Orange\u2019s army at Seneffe in\u2026\nIn Henry VII: Foreign policy", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026led to sharp quarrels with the Netherlands and Scotland. The economic importance of England for the Netherlands enabled Henry to induce Maximilian and the Netherlands to abandon the pretender in 1496 and to conclude a treaty of peace and freer trade (the Intercursus Magnus).\nHouse of Nassau\nIn Nassau: Ottonian Nassau.", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026stadholders who were prominent in the Netherlands in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. When William\u2019s direct male line became extinct upon the death of King William III of England in 1702, the Ottonians\u2019 possessions in both the Netherlands and Nassau passed to Count John William Friso of the Ottonian\u2026\nIn Juan de Austria", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026was appointed governor-general of the Netherlands, then in open revolt against Spanish authority. Don Juan was at first reluctant to accept this difficult post and took it only on condition that he would be allowed to invade England and wed Mary Stuart, the Scottish queen then in captivity in England.\u2026\nIn Louis XIV: Patronage of the arts", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u20261667 he invaded the Spanish Netherlands, which he regarded as his wife\u2019s inheritance, thus beginning a series of wars that lasted for a good part of his reign. Louis himself on his deathbed said, \u201cI have loved war too much,\u201d but his subjects, who often complained of his prudence and\u2026\nIn France: Foreign affairs", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nLouis\u2019s attitude toward the Dutch was less moderate and more bullying. His invasion of the Spanish Netherlands in 1667 and the ensuing War of Devolution frightened the Dutch into the Triple Alliance with England and Sweden, which led to the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668). Then, in the\nMargaret of Austria\nIn Margaret of Parma", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026and was appointed governor of the Netherlands in 1559 by her half-brother, Philip II of Spain. Opposition to Spanish rule was already strong because of the presence of Spanish troops and especially because of the creation of new bishoprics in 1559 by a papal bull challenging local religious privileges.\nMaximilian I\nIn Maximilian I: Territorial expansion", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026States General (representative assembly) of the Netherlands to act as regent for his infant son Philip (later Philip I [the Handsome] of Castile), but, having defeated the States General in war, he reacquired control of the regency in 1485. Meanwhile, by the Treaty of Arras (1482), Maximilian was also forced\u2026\nIn Jules, Cardinal Mazarin: Career as first minister of France.", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, who had signed a separate peace in January 1648, refused to agree to the peace. In order to force Spain to make a settlement, Mazarin continued the war and formed an alliance with England (March 23, 1657), surrendering to the English the fort\u2026\nWilliam II\nIn William II: Role in World War I", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026persuaded to seek asylum in the Netherlands. He avoided captivity and perhaps death, but asylum also made it impossible for William to retain his position of emperor of Germany. Subsequently he lived quietly as a country gentleman in the Netherlands until his death in 1941.\nIn 20th-century international relations: The Western front", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nWithin days the Dutch surrendered. G\u00f6ring\u2019s Luftwaffe did not get the message and proceeded to devastate the central city of Rotterdam, killing numerous civilians and sending a signal to the city of London. Meanwhile, General Gerd von Rundstedt\u2019s panzer army picked its way through the Ardennes and emerged\u2026\nIn World War II: The invasion of the Low Countries and France", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026and airborne support, to attack the Netherlands, and Reichenau\u2019s 6th, with two armoured divisions, to advance over the Belgian plain. These two armies would have to deal not only with the Dutch and Belgian armies but also with the forces that the Allies, according to their plan, would send into\u2026\nIn Dunkirk evacuation: Blitzkrieg and the Allied collapse", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\n\u2026German blitzkrieg attack on the Netherlands began with the capture by parachutists of key bridges deep within the country, with the aim of opening the way for mobile ground forces. The Dutch defenders fell back westward, and by noon on May 12 German tanks were on the outskirts of Rotterdam.\u2026\nAmerican Civil War, four-year war (1861\u201365) between the United States and 11 Southern states that seceded\u2026\nWorld War II, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939\u201345. The\u2026", "History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, Facts, & World War II | Britannica\nSeptember 11 attacks\nSeptember 11 attacks, series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed in 2001 by 19 militants\u2026\n(2 Images and 1 Video)"]

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https://static-thechristianpost.netdna-ssl.com/news/sc-bishop-accused-of-accelerating-splits-from-episcopal-church.html

S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church

["S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nS.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nCP Church & Ministries | Saturday, September 25, 2010\nBy Lillian Kwon, Christian Post Reporter | Saturday, September 25, 2010\nAn Episcopal advocacy group has requested an investigation of the leadership of the Diocese of South Carolina with regard to the withdrawal of parishes from the denomination.\nThe Episcopal Forum accused leaders in the diocese of \"accelerating the process of alienation and disassociation\" from The Episcopal Church.", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\n\"The Ecclesiastical Authority (the Diocesan Bishop or the Standing Committee) has done nothing to stop other parishes which outwardly appear to be moving in the direction of withdrawal from TEC,\" the group wrote in a letter sent this week to bishops throughout the national church body.", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nThe group, which supports preserving \"unity with diversity\" in the denomination, also called The Episcopal Church to look into the lack of disciplinary action against a parish that left the South Carolina diocese earlier this year, and the removal of all \"Episcopal\" references in the names and websites of dozens of parishes.\n\"Actions and inactions of the Bishop appear to be tantamount to an abandonment of the polity of The Episcopal Church,\" the group argued.", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nThe request for a probe comes a year after the diocese voted to begin withdrawing from all bodies of The Episcopal Church that have assented to actions contrary to Scripture and Anglican tradition. The withdrawal, however, was not a complete split from the national church.\nResponding to the call for an investigation, South Carolina Bishop Mark Lawrence refuted the allegations outlined in the letter.", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nRejecting the claim that he has done nothing to stop parishes from leaving, he said he and his staff have spoken with the leadership of every parish in the diocese that was considering disassociation.\n\"[W]e have counseled patience and have received assurances that their intention is not to leave,\" he highlighted.", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nLawrence also explained that disciplinary or legal action was not taken against St. Andrew's Parish in Mt. Pleasant, which severed ties in March, because litigation has only resulted in the \"sour fruit of animosity.\"\nA previous legal action against a parish had drained the diocese of more than half a million dollars, he noted, not to mention the broken relationships that came out of it.", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\n\"These are Christians with whom we have served side by side in the service of our Lord,\" he stressed. \"You cannot make people love you, or bind them to your Church through coercion or fear. But if the Christian graces prevail may we not yet see our unity restored?\"", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nLawrence also noted that the word \"Episcopal\" remains in much of their signage. The charge that over 25 parishes have taken out \"Episcopal\" from their names or websites or no longer have any mention of The Episcopal Church is absurd, Lawrence said.\n\"[A]s I drive around this diocese on visitations I see the familiar The Episcopal Church Welcomes You sign as a ubiquitous presence,\" he said.", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nSince the 2003 consecration of the first openly gay bishop, tensions have remained high in the denomination. Thousands of Episcopalians severed ties with The Episcopal Church and in 2009 formed a separate denomination called the Anglican Church in North America.\nThough frustrated over the \"unbiblical\" direction of The Episcopal Church, Lawrence encouraged the Diocese of South Carolina to remain and fight from within.", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nHe has urged his diocese to stand on Scripture and the traditions of the Christian faith as they engage in a \"battle\" against what he sees as the \"false gospel\" in The Episcopal Church.\nNext month, the Diocese of South Carolina will reconvene its 219th convention where they will consider resolutions that would protect the diocese from \"unconstitutional intrusions\" by the presiding bishop and affirm its \"sovereignty.\"", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\n\"It is increasingly clear that we are engaged in a worldwide struggle for the soul of Anglicanism in the 21st Century,\" Lawrence stated. \"Not unlike a battalion in a military campaign which is ordered to hold a pass even against overwhelming odds, we are called to resist what appears is a self-destructive trajectory by many within The Episcopal Church. We are called to stand our ground and proclaim the good news of Jesus Christ until it is no longer possible.\"", "S.C. Bishop Accused of Accelerating Splits from Episcopal Church\nS.C. Episcopalians Vote to Stay and Fight False Gospel\nS.C. Diocese Engages in 'Battle' with Episcopal Church\nGlobal South Anglicans Reconsider Communion with Western Counterparts\nAnglican Congregations Ask Va. High Court to Reconsider Property Ruling"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=2157

Richard Cantillon's Book, "The First Treatise on Economics," is Posthumously Published

["Richard Cantillon's Book, The First Treatise on Economics, is Posthumously Published\nA: London, England, United Kingdom\nRichard Cantillon's Book, \"The First Treatise on Economics,\" is Posthumously Published\nImage Source: archive.org\nIn 1755 Essai sur la nature du commerce en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, written in French circa 1732 by Irish businessman and economist, Richard Cantillon, was first published anonymously in London, in the French language, some twenty-two years after Cantillon died in a fire in his London home; the fire was allegedly set by Cantillon's discharged cook.", "Richard Cantillon's Book, The First Treatise on Economics, is Posthumously Published\n\"Cantillon was perhaps the first to define long-run equilibrium as the balance of flows of income, thus setting the foundations both for Physiocracy as well as Classical Political Economy. Cantillon's system was clear and simple and absolutely path-breaking. He developed a two-sector general equilibrium system from which he obtained a theory of price (determined by costs of production) and a theory of output (determined by factor inputs and technology)", "Richard Cantillon's Book, The First Treatise on Economics, is Posthumously Published\n\"Although his work was well-known to the Physiocrats and the French school, Cantillon fell into obscurity in the English-speaking world until resurrected and popularized by William Stanley Jevons in the 1880s.\" (Wikipedia article on Richard Cantillon, accessed 01-14-2009).", "Richard Cantillon's Book, The First Treatise on Economics, is Posthumously Published\n\"The Essai is far more than a mere essay or even collection of disconnected essays like those of Hume. It is a systematic and connected treatise, going over in a concise manner nearly the whole field of economics, with the exception of taxation. It is thus, more than any other book I know, the first treatise on economics", "Richard Cantillon's Book, The First Treatise on Economics, is Posthumously Published\nSir William Petty's Political Arithmetic and his Treatise of Taxes and Contributions are wonderful books in their way, and at their time, but, compared with Cantillon's Essai, they are merely collections of casual hints. There were earlier English works of great merit, such as those of Vaughan, Locke, Child, Mun, etc., but these were either occasional essays and pamphlets, or else fragmentary treatises", "Richard Cantillon's Book, The First Treatise on Economics, is Posthumously Published\nCantillon's essay is, more emphatically than any other single work, 'the Cradle of Political Economy' \" (Jevons, Principles of Economics, 164, quoted by Friedrich Hayek, \"Richard Cantillon\", Journal of Libertarian Studies VII [1985] 221)."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.ru/books?id=50JGNpZqWLgC&pg=PA383&dq=editions:STANFORD36105063507185&lr=&hl=ru&output=html_text

Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...

["Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nReport of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ..., \u0422\u043e\u043c 1\n\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: United States. Bureau of Education\nbenefits the mass of the people, or to recognize social distinctions in schools which are established for all alike, is not in accordance with the spirit of the common-school act, and should not be tolerated.\"", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nSCHOOL-BOOKS. The school-books published under the authority of the commissioners of national education in Ireland are, as hitherto, more in demand in the schools of the colony than any other series, and this, it is stated, will continue to be the case as long as they are supplied at rates so much below all other publications of the kind.\nEVENING SCHOOLS.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nEvery facility is afforded for the establishment of evening schools, and the regulations relative to the payment of results in force in day schools apply equally to them.\nTRAINING OF TEACHERS", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nIs reported as still in an unsatisfactory state; the institution now in operation is doing good work, as far as its capabilities extend, in turning out some fair teachers. The superintendent is zealous and painstaking, but the institution, although under the direction of the Church of England, is little more than the private speculation of the master", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nA general training institution, unconnected with any denomination and on a more extended basis, is a desideratum, to which the board has directed its attention.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nUnder the law the minimum salaries of teachers are fixed; they may, however, angment them by results, as has been stated, according to the amount of improvement apparent in classes upon examination. The report states that \u201cthe amount which a school is now competent to gain under results, called the maximun increment, is 45 per cent. of the average fixed salaries paid to the school month per month", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nWo have reserved to ourselves the power, subject to the approval of the governor in council, to increase or diminish this maximum increment as the interests of education may require, or the amount voted by Parliament may render necessary. We have also provided that the balance, if any, of the amount set apart for results which may remain unexpended at the end of the present year, may, at our discretion, be distributed among all the schools.\u201d", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nPUPIL-TEACHERS.\nThere is a system of pupil-teachers in operation, by which teachers are educated and fitted by experience for the work. These teachers receive salaries, and are permitted to improve their education by taking lessons out of school hours, under certain restrictions. A late rule adopted by the board of education upon this subject is as follows:", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\n\u201cThat pupil-teachers be of the same sex as the principal teacher of the school or department of a school in which they are employed; but in mixed schools, or departments of schools, under a master and mistress, female pupil-teachers may receive instruction out of school hours from the master, on condition that some adult female, approved by the local committee and by the inspector, be invariably present during the whole time that the lessons are being given by the teacher; provided also that the teacher and said adult female be not both young and unmarried.\u201d", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThis rule is somewhat similar to that adopted under the committee of council of education in England, but it is not so stringent. \u201cIt is unnecessary,\"\n\u201cIt is unnecessary,\u201d says the report, \"to make any remarks as to the advisability of such a rule.\u201d\nGENERAL FEATURES OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEM.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nOne of the prominent features of the school system is that of inspection, for which \u00a36,500 was voted in 1868. The school system of Victoria also embraces many interesting peculiarities, to gain a full idea of which, the report should be examined.\nEDUCATION IN ECUADOR.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nEcuador boasts of one university and eleven colleges, yet the people are not educated. Literature, science, philosophy, law, medicine, are only names. Nearly all young gentlemen are doctors of something; but their education is strangely dwarfed, defectivo, and distorted; and their knowledge, such as they have, is without power as it is without practice. The University of Quito has 285 students, of whom 35 are", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nparsuing law, and 18 medicine. There are 11 professors. They receive no fees from the students, but an annual salary of $300. The library contains 11,000 volumes, nearly all old Latin, French, and Spanish works. The cabinet is a bushel of stones cast into one corner of a lumber room, covered with dust, and crying out in vain for a", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\na man in the university to name them. The College of Tacunga has 45 students; a fine chemical and philosophical apparatus, but no one to handle it; and a set of rocks from Europe, but only a handful from Ecuador. The College of Riobamba has 4 professors and 120 students. In the common schools, the pupils study in concert aloud, Arab fashion. There are four papers in the republic: two in Guayaquil, one in Cuenca, and one in Quito. El Nacionel, of the capital, is an official organ, not a newspaper", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nby the Minister of the Interior. Like the Gazeta, of Madrid, it is one of the greatest satires ever deliberately published by any people on itself. There is likewise but one paper in Cuzco, El Triumfo del Pueblo. \u2014The Andes and the Amazon-Prof. James Orton,\nMEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nSTATES. \"The medical faculty, in common with all enlightened members of the profession, desire earnestly that a rule might prevail in our country like that which prevails in most of the universities of Europe by which a liberal education should be the necessary introduction to professional study", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe sciolist easily runs into the empiric, but he who has obtained a thorough scientific discipline knows how to discriminate between visionary conjectures and established truths.\u201d\u2014Catalogue of the University of Michigan, 1870.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nA consideration of medical education is properly introduced by a short account of the number, public standing, relation to government, and organization of,\n(I.) THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 1. Number.-The total tax collected during the year 1869 by the Internal Revenne Bureau from physicians and surgeons was $505,785 55. From this it is estimated that the number of practicing physicians and surgeons in the United States is over 50,000.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\n2. Public Standing. The profession is divided in this country into various schools or systems, founded on various theories of disease or treatment or medication. The hydropathic or water-cure, the eclectic, and homeopathic systems of practice forming the minority. But the vast majority of reputable practitioners in this country, as well as in other countries, belong to what they denominate simply the system or the regular system of medicine, repudiating any less extended or more descriptive designation.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe practitioners of all these systems seem to depend for their individual recognition by the public upon their individual qualities, personal and professional.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\n3. Relation to the Government.--Practically the medical profession in the United States stands in precisely the same relation to the State governments and to the General Government as is held by all the other professions and occupations. The National Government taxes a practitioner yearly, and, with the exception of the usages of the Army and Navy, takes no further supervision of the profession as such", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe States, with perhaps one or two exceptions, take no action as to its character, the conditions of entrance, education, membership, or compensation ; they grant charters for hospitals and medical schools very often without consulting the needs of the profession or the public good, or even investigating the personal or professional character of the incorporators", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nCounties and towns employ physicians and surgeons for the care of the sick poor in their limits; (though this practice is by no means as universal as it should be;) and the larger cities of the country have established boards of health, and have devised various and often valuable regulations for public hygiene.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\n4. Professional organization.-The total absence of governmental authority above referred to, and the needs of tho profession, have combined to force it to organize itself. The physicians of a city or county have formed medical associations of a simple but generally efficient character. The objects of these societies may be generally described as being to impart information to each other, and to regulate the conduct of the members toward the public and the profession, to settle the scale of fees, &c", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nIn many of the States the local and county societies, combining with the medical boards of the hospitals and the faculties of the medical schools, form State associations. The national organization is known as the American Medical Association, which is composed of delegates from the city, county, and State associations, medical college faculties, hospital staffs, and the medical corps of the United States Army and Navy.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe peculiarity of these associations is that they are perfectly powerless to coerce errant members of the profession. They can only annoy, they cannot punish.\nThe organization of the so-called irregular systems of medical practice (when they have any organization worthy of the name) is similar in principle.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nHaving noted some facts respecting the profession, we naturally arrive at the consideration of its methods of instruction. For want of space it will not be possible to allude to its history except when necessary to the explanation of some point in (II.) THE PRESENT CONDITION OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nSTATES. 1. Preliminary training.\u2013The medical student in this country generally has little more than a common school, or at the most, an academic education, as a preliminary to his professional studies.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nIn other words, ordinary medical students, when commencing their studies, have some acquaintance with the English branches : reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, geography and grammar, (though they are frequently so deficient as to make their classmates envy their innpuulence;) soine of them have, in addition, some knowledge of natural philosophy, of the rudiments of Latin and Greek, and of algebra and geometry; a very few have enjoyed greater opportunities, and may claim to have pursued a course of ancient or modern languages, (rarely both,) of the higher mathematics, mental and moral philosophy, chemistry, political economy, and logic.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\n2. Professional instruction.\u2014The rule of regular medical colleges is to demand three years' study, (in which are included at least two courses of lectures,) so the aspirant for medical information generally makes an arrangement with a practitioner to study in his office", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nIn former days it was quite common to indenture the student to his preceptor, his services in compounding pills, plasters, and draughts compensating for his instruction and use of books, and affording him an opportunity to become practically acquainted with the uses, doses, and composition of inedicines", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nIn later years, pharmacy is being gradually but surely separated from medicine, in accordance with the tendency of the age; and medical students, especially in cities and towns, are year by year less likely to have a practical knowledge so useful in these respects to the profession.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe student remains in a medical man's office for a period varying from three months to a year, during which, if his preceptor is a busy and popular practitioner, he has not been examined on the progress he is making times enough to make it worth mentioning or remembering", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nHe during this time reails some work on human anatomy without any appliances except a defective set of bones, the relic of his preceptor's dissecting days, and perhaps a fair set of anatomical plates ; lie also reads some books on physiology, materia medica, and perhaps chemistry, and even attacks the theory and practice of medicine; sometimes minor surgery is also read", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nDuring all this route he is apt to be bothered by the strange and seemingly barbarons phraseology of these works, and to wonder why the language his tongue is accustomed to speak cannot describe the facts his eyes can see.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe neophyte then hies to some medical school, pays a small matriculation fee, writes his name, age, and residence, and the name of his preceptor on the matriculation book, which are absolutely the only necessary qualifications for his entrance", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nHe pays for his lecture tickets, and where courses of practical anatomy and hospital clinics are obligatory, for the hospital and demonstrator's tickets, finds a place to lodge and get his meals, and begins attendance on the course which he finds is not at all compulsory, and that he can cut a lecture when he pleases.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nHere at the very outstart in most colleges he finds a very puzzling difficulty. He finds that he is in the same room with and listening to exactly the same lectures as the men who have already taken one or two courses of instruction. He sits despairingly, note-book in hand, as the majestic physician, or the celebrated surgeon pours out statements, observations, allusions, theories, and directions, familiar to himself and understandable by the advanced students, but to the tyro astounding and bewildering", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nHe follows the ward officers of the hospital in the clinical round, and, amid a crowd of fellow students, catches fragmentary glances at the patients and imperfect hearings of the glib diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cases, before, perhaps, he has learned auything about the province of physical examination, the use of the microscope, chemical tests, the thermometer, and other diagnostic means, or the favorable or nfavorable signification and interpretation of symptoms, or the appropriate appiication of remedies.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nHe finds that the short duration of the lecture-course necessitates.enormous crowding of matter. From twenty to thirty lectures of an hour apiece, as well as hospital clinics, and dissecting each week, practically prevent his reading very much on the subjects the lectures treat of, or the cases illustrate.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe duties of the professors to their patients preclude any very extended daily examination of the students in the subjects of the lectures they have heard the day before; and thus they cannot know very well what points need elucidation, what errors need correction, and in what direction the private study of the student should be turned.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nSpace will not admit of any detailed description of the vexation of studying chemistry without any appliances for repeating, and thus firmly fixing in mind, the experiments displayed by the professor during the lecture; or of the wild shots the embryo dissector makes in the anatomical room for want of supervision; or of the numberless annoyances that he meets with at every hand", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nSuffice it to say, that the student generally neglects the dryer branches for the two he thinks will be the most immediately useful, so that practice of medicine and surgery crowd chemistry and anatomy to the wall with a majority of every class.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe student worries through his first course without being examined, goes home, and resumes his studies with his preceptor, and, when he becomes a little rested by th\u00e9 cessation of these incongruous and multifarious attacks on his mind, if a sincere student, gradually arranges and classifies the information he has received, reads the text books, applies the stethoscope and the thermometer to some cases, assists in reducing some dislocations, &c., thus, during the time intervening between his two lecture courses he becomes, in many respects, fitted for rapid progress when he returns to the medical school", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nBut mark, he is as far from nearly all anatomical and chemical appliances as he was when he began his studies; and the appalling dryness of the text books on these subjects also contributes to prevent him from becoming acquainted with the very foundations of the science-the facts on which surgery and medicine are based.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nMany students, especially in the West, take only one course, before seeking practice. Those who are more able or wiser return to the medical school and resume their studies.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nNow, our student finds another trouble. He discovers, if he has worked hard all this past time, that a great deal of the course is to him familiar-familiar do I say?musty, clogging, a hinderance, not an assistance. He wants to hear new things, to enter new fields, to acquire new treasures, not to endure a dreary review of his past instruction", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nIf he is a thorough student, he takes up anatomy, chemistry, and whatever he knows he is defective in, only paying attention to the lectures sufficient to enable him to stand a creditable quiz (examination) when the professor finds time, or his conscience forces him to the effort. If he has spare means, he generally joins a quizclass, in which the members are thoroughly questioned on the subjects of lectures they have heard", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThese classes are held by members or attach\u00e9s of the faculty, as supplementary to the lecture instruction, and are of immense service to the student. Very poor men, as many of the class are, cannot take advantage of this aid.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe candidate for medical honors has written and presented his thesis, (in English,) has deposited his graduation fee, has crammed furiously, or has wisely made up his mind that if he is fit to graduate the professors will be apt to know it, or, if more shrewd than well grounded, thinks that the college wants the graduation fee as badly as he wants its diploma, and will pass him if there is the smallest excuse for doing so; he goes to each professor or before the whole faculty in session, (the usage varies in different colleges,) answers or tries to answer the questions asked him, in accordance with his best convictions, and with the professor's hobbies, if any exist; if he has become known as a good student, a punctual and steady attendant at lectures and clinics, and his thesis happened to please the examiners, he finds that his path is made smooth, and he goes away exalted.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nGenerally very few of any class get plucked. Sometimes men are allowed to graduate if they will promise to pursue a certain amount of study subsequently under the surpervision of the faculty.\n4. Degrees. They graduate, are called medicinae doctores, and go home or out in the world to practice the precepts they have bolted in such haste. Comparatively few men (at least in the Soutli and West) ever study three full years before applying for a diploma.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\n5. Post-graduate course. If a graduate wishes to pursue his studies further, he must do so independently of any instructions our medical schools furnish; he has, generally, the privilege of attending further courses of lectures by paying a small sum. But for an extension of his studies he must go to Europe or depend on books at home. No proper post-graduate course is provided in our country.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nIn it the following branches are taught to a greater or less extent, viz: anatomy, descriptive surgical, and pathological, with dissections; chemistry, inorganic and physiological; physiology ; hygiene; therapeutics and materia medica; theory and practice of medicine; surgery and operations, major and minor; obstetrics and diseases of women and children ; toxicology and medical jurisprudence, with medical and surgical, and, sometimes (very rarely) obstetrical and ophthalmic clinics.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nHaving briefly described the educational course of a medical student, (in which no individual institution is particularly alluded to but the average opportunities and the ordinary usage as faithfully as possible described,) it may be instructing to notice the (III.) CONTRAST BETWEEN MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THIS COUNTRY AND", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nIN EUROPE. 1. In the United States.- I give below extracts and abstracts from the official publications of several colleges in this country, respecting the qualifications for admission demanded, the course of instruction given, and the requirements for graduation.\nMEDICAL SCHOOL OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThere are 9 chairs : 1, morbid anatomy; 2, anatomy and physiology; 3, theory and practice of physic; 4, anatomy; 5, chemistry; 6, surgery ; 7, obstetrics and medical jurisprudence ; 8, materia medica ; 9, clinical medicine. There are 10 adjunct and assistant professors and instructors.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe school is established in Boston to secure those advantages for the study of anatomy, physiology, and clinical medicine which are afforded only by large cities. Instruction is given throughout the year by thirteen professors, several instructors, and university lecturers. There are two sessions. The winter session comprises the lecture term, when systematic courses are delivered in all the departments, of which there are eleven", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThe summer session includes the spring and autumn terins, and is occupied by recitations and practical instruction of various kinds. During both sessions there are visits and clinical instruction in the Massachusetts General and City Hospital, at the dispensary, and eye and ear infirmary.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nStudents of medicine designing to attend the medical lectures, or any of them, shall be matriculated in this university by entering their names with the dean of the executive faculty, to be enrolled by him, and by signing an obligation to submit to the laws of the university, and to the direction of the faculty of medicine.\nEvery candidate for the degree of doctor in medicine must comply with the following conditions before being admitted to examination:", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\n2. He shall have attended two courses of lectures delivered at the Massachusetts Medical College by each of the professors of the departments of anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica and pharmacy, morbid anatomy, midwifery, surgery and clinical surgery, clinical medicine and the theory and practice of medicine; but it he shall have attended a similar course in any other college or university approved by the executive faculty, the same may be accepted in lieu of one of the courses above required.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\n3. He shall have spent three years in his professional studies, under the direction of a practitioner of medicine.\n4. If he have not received a university education, he shall satisfy the executive faculty in respect to his knowledge of the Latin language and experimental philosophy.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\n5. He shall have given notice of his intention to the dean of the executive faculty four weeks previous to the day on which he presents himself for examination, and, at the same time, shall have delivered or transmitted to the dean a dissertation, written by himself, on some subject connected with medicine. Every dissertation shall be submitted by the dean to the examination of the executive faculty in the mode which they shall point out.\nUNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThere are 8 professorships: 1, materia medica and pharmacy ; 2, chemistry; 3, anatomy; 4, surgery; 5, institutes of medicine; 6, obstetrics and diseases of women and children; 7, theory and practice of medicine and of clinical medicine; 8, clinical and demonstrative surgery,", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThere are also special clinical lectures on clinical medicine, (with 3 assistants :) physical diagnosis; microscopy and chemistry, applied to diseases of the urinary organs; diseases of women and children; clinical and demonstrative surgery, (with 8 assistants :) syphilis; diseases of the eye and ear; surgical diseases of the mouth.\nThere is 1 demonstrator of anatomy and 7 assistant demonstrators, 3 demonstrators of practical surgery, and 1 assistant in medical microscopy.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nThere is also an auxiliary faculty of medicine, with chairs of\u20131, zo\u00f6logy and comparative anatomy ; 2, botany; 3, mineralogy and geology; 4, hygiene; 5, medical jurisprudence, including toxicology.\nAmple means of teaching clinical medicine and surgery, and the diseases of women and children, are presented in the university and in the various hospitals and dispensaries of the city.", "Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the ...\nClinical instruction (without fee) is also given throughout the year in the Philadelphia Hospital, Pennsylvania Hospital, Episcopal Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital, Will's Hospital for the Eye, City Lying-in Hospital, and Children's Hospital; also, the Ger"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.com.bo/books?id=V7AQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA15&vq=idea&dq=editions:ISBN0452273196&output=html_text&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1

The Layman and His Work

["The Layman and His Work\nhe ministers necessarily, in some degree of limitation, only within the walls of the Church (though of course he should not be content to have it so), and it is for those whom he is building up in the faith, to bring others to hear the Gospel call which he utters. In the long run lay labor will get more people, and get them harder, and keep them longer, than any other method of evangelistic work.", "The Layman and His Work\nWhat, then, is a layman? A member of Christ, called with an high calling, laboring to bring others to the blessings he himself so richly enjoys.", "The Layman and His Work\n\"Science cannot kill war, for science has not the new heart, and whets the sword to a sharper edge. Commerce cannot kill war, for commerce lacks the new heart, and lifts the hunger of covetousness to a higher pitch. Progress cannot kill war, for progress has no heart at all, and progress in wrong directions leads us into bottomless quagmires in which we are swallowed up", "The Layman and His Work\nLaw cannot kill war, for law is nothing but a willow withe tied round the arms of humanity, and human nature when aroused snaps all the gates of Gaza. Education cannot end war, and if by education you mean the sharpening of the intellect, the drawing out of the powers of the mind, the mastering of formulas and laws and dates and facts, education may only fit men to become tenfold more masterful in the awful art of slaughter. Who will end war", "The Layman and His Work\n? The world has had three historic scourges: famine, pestilence and war. Each one numbers its victims by the tens of million. Commerce killed famine. By her railroads and steamships she killed it. It lies like a dead snake by the side of the road along which humanity has marched up to the present day. Science killed pestilence. The Black Plague, the Bubonic Plague, Cholera, Smallpox, Yellow Feverall have received their deathblow. Science did the work", "The Layman and His Work\nThese foes of mankind lie bleeding and half dead by the side of the road along which the world presses on to a higher day. Who will kill war", "The Layman and His Work\n? Not Commerce and not Science, not both of them together. Only Religion can kill war, for religion alone creates the new heart. Without religion we are without hope in this world. Without God we are lost.\"", "The Layman and His Work\nThe Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, D.D.\nRome and Development\nBY THE REV. LATTA GRISWOLD, M.A.\nOME hath charms for the discontented Anglican; nay, even sometimes somewhat of charm when he is not discontented; an imperial glamour, an autocratic effective discipline, a consensus of taste in worship, that have swept many an Anglican across the Tiber to the Utmost Islands of ecclesiasticism.", "The Layman and His Work\nSuch transitions usually have their intellectual defense, and in the majority of cases one of three reasons is assigned. Either there is a claim that the Papacy presents a more tangible authority than we exhibit; that the Roman voice is \"living\" while ours is presumably paralysed or inarticulate; or, that on the hypothesis of development now generally recognized by science and philosophy Rome represents more fully than we do what was implicit in the Gospel from the beginning.", "The Layman and His Work\nFor our own consolation we should recognize that the first two of these reasons is based on a confusion of ideas; and that the third, though plausible, is unfortunately for them on their own premises inadmissible, as we shall particularly point out. The confusion of ideas arises from the improper identification of authority and discipline. As a matter of fact Rome's authority is not more consistent than that recognized in other parts of the Catholic Church", "The Layman and His Work\nIt is quite as easy to construct a catena of Roman Catholic divines who differ on various points of faith, and particularly with regard to the doctrine of Papal authority, as it is to construct such a catena of Anglican theologians. As for fundamentals we hold the same creeds, and the formularies we impose are as explicit in their interpretation of the creeds as are the Roman", "The Layman and His Work\nSo far as human knowledge is able to ascertain the facts, our belief in the cardinal doctrines of the Faith rests on the same basis as Rome's. If we owe the definitions of the Trinity and the Incarnation, for example, to the Papal See, we are frankly unable to discover when and where a Pope promulgated them. They come to us, as to Rome, as the great heritage of Catholic tradition. That we do not hold the two dogmas", "The Layman and His Work\nexclusively defined by the Papal See, or by councils dominated by the Pope, we certainly admit; for we see no reason for accepting them except that the Pope has defined them; and his right to do is the point at issue. The truth is, Rome's authority is not more consistent than ours, but her discipline is more effective. If strict discipline be a criterion of the Catholic Faith, one of the \"notes\" of the Church, we must confess that Rome is Catholic and we are not", "The Layman and His Work\nBut the most enthusiastic admiration for Roman disciplinary methods cannot logically issue in belief in the Infallibility of the Pope, any more than an appreciation of German efficiency leads to acceptance of the Kaiser's aims. We undoubtedly need much better discipline in our communion, and we must come to it in the interest of greater efficiency; or we are apt to pass through the fire of graver trials than we have yet known", "The Layman and His Work\nAs for the \"living voice\" of the Pope, despite the fact that modern Rome has erected the theory of his Infallibility into the central doctrine of faith, one has looked so long in vain for a precise definition of that doctrine that he dares to defy any Roman Catholic theologian to tell him beyond dispute when the Pope is speaking ex cathedra, and the rest of it", "The Layman and His Work\nOpinions about the utterances of the infallible Pope differ as much amongst Roman Catholics as with us opinions differ about the infallibility of the Church. Papists are agreed upon but two utterances of the Pope as unmistakably infallible during the last thousand years-the definitions of 1854 and 1870", "The Layman and His Work\nThe Living Voice argument reduces itself again to a question of discipline: whenever the Pope speaks, whether ex cathedra or not, in the main he gets himself obeyed; while, on the other hand, singly or collectively the bishops of the rest of Catholic Christendom have no machinery with which to enforce their edicts; and upon looking back we do not observe that Catholic bishops ever had such coercive power until the evil day when they called in the arm of the state to make effective their spiritual admonition", "The Layman and His Work\nnied its former exercise prevent their mourning the loss. We do, however, need a revival of canonical discipline, and until it comes Papal Authority will continue to receive from many minds the credit that really belongs to the obedience of Papists.", "The Layman and His Work\nBut there is a class of Roman Catholics, including some former Anglicans, who apparently admit some of our historic arguments, and dismiss them as not germane to the case, on the hypothesis of a development of Christian doctrine which is satisfied by the Roman claims. A short time ago, if I may illustrate the point by a personal experience, I conducted an extended argument and correspondence with a fellow clergyman who was on the verge of becoming a Roman Catholic", "The Layman and His Work\nIn reply to my pressing various historical reasons against his proposed course he told me frankly that he knew little and cared less about history, but insisted that I would obtain satisfactory answers to my objections from a distinguished Roman Catholic scholar of England under whose influence he had been a short time before", "The Layman and His Work\nIn compliance with this suggestion I wrote to this gentleman and requested him to indicate to me the historical evidence for the doctrine of Papal Infallibility upon which he relied, historical evidence, of course that is, other than the so-called Petrine texts of the Gospels", "The Layman and His Work\nIn a long and courteous reply he frankly admitted that the historical evidence was slender and taken alone not convincing, a statement that he promptly sought to justify by alleging that so also was the historical evidence for the Trinity, for the Incarnation, for the doctrines of the Church and of the sacraments", "The Layman and His Work\nPapal Infallibility had been \"implicit\" in ancient times, and was only made \"explicit\" in 1870; it had always \"unconsciously\" been the faith of Christendom, but \"consciously\" became so only as need arose, etc., etc. In short he sketched the theory of development that has so often been urged in defense of Papalism.", "The Layman and His Work\nIt has undoubtedly more to say for itself than has any other argument that can be advanced in behalf of the modern Roman Catholic position, and it is in virtue of this argument undoubtedly that many a Roman Catholic since Cardinal Newman has remained in the communion of the Pope. Indeed, it has car", "The Layman and His Work\nried my friend across the Tiber. It has its force precisely on the ground urged by my English correspondent, the analogy between the development of the doctrine of Papal Infallibility and the development of doctrine generally.", "The Layman and His Work\nThe subtle mind of Newman first conceived it as the way of escape from the intolerableness of the Anglicanism of his day into the haven of a church, that, whatever might be said against her, gave hospitality to Catholic ideas, practice, and devotion. The principles of the theory as Newman outlined them in his famous Essay, were and are essentially sound", "The Layman and His Work\nSome such theory is demanded by the facts of Christian history, for look where we will, at Rome, at Moscow, at Canterbury, at Geneva (the centers of the several great types of Christianity), no one can for an instant suppose that any of them reproduce the theological atmosphere or the ecclesiastical situation of Galilee and Judea nineteen hundred years ago. There have been obvious changes and developments, a new terminology has come into existence; the mustard seed has become the great shrub", "The Layman and His Work\nThe Catholic of whatever name is concerned only to hold this development true to type, to note legitimate adaptations to changing times; for he cannot and will not admit that the faith was \"once for all delivered to the saints\" or that there have been additions thereto.", "The Layman and His Work\nThe theory of development has received no particular elucidation at Catholic hands since Newman. Anglicans, while they have generally accepted the premises, have contented themselves with successful comments on Newman's misapplications. Among Roman Catholics there arose a school of writers fifteen years or more ago who, while professing to follow Newman, boldly adapted his theory to suit their own conceptions and strained it to the breaking point", "The Layman and His Work\nUnder cover of defending Roman Catholicism they developed a sort of neo-Catholicism or Modernism, which Pope Pius X in a series of propositions explicitly condemned. The late Father Tyrrell of the Society of Jesus made these ideas popular for a while in the English-speaking world, as did the Abb\u00e9 Loisy in France. I remember reading The Faith of the Millions when it was first published and regarding"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://bible-history.com/eastons/c/corinthians-second-epistle-to-the

Second Epistle to the Corinthians

["Second Epistle to the Corinthians\nCorinthians, Second Epistle to the\nShortly after writing his first letter to the Corinthians, Paul\nleft Ephesus, where intense excitement had been aroused against\nhim, the evidence of his great success, and proceeded to\nMacedonia. Pursuing the usual route, he reached Troas, the port\nof departure for Europe. Here he expected to meet with Titus,\nwhom he had sent from Ephesus to Corinth, with tidings of the\neffects produced on the church there by the first epistle; but", "Second Epistle to the Corinthians\nwas disappointed (1 Cor. 16:9; 2 Cor. 1:8; 2:12, 13). He then\nleft Troas and proceeded to Macedonia; and at Philippi, where he\ntarried, he was soon joined by Titus (2 Cor. 7:6, 7), who\nbrought him good news from Corinth, and also by Timothy. Under\nthe influence of the feelings awakened in his mind by the\nfavourable report which Titus brought back from Corinth, this\nsecond epistle was written. It was probably written at Philippi,\nor, as some think, Thessalonica, early in the year A.D. 58, and", "Second Epistle to the Corinthians\nwas sent to Corinth by Titus. This letter he addresses not only\nto the church in Corinth, but also to the saints in all Achaia,\ni.e., in Athens, Cenchrea, and other cities in Greece.\nThe contents of this epistle may be thus arranged:\n(1.) Paul speaks of his spiritual labors and course of life,\nand expresses his warm affection toward the Corinthians (2 Cor.\n1-7).\n(2.) He gives specific directions regarding the collection\nthat was to be made for their poor brethren in Judea (8; 9).", "Second Epistle to the Corinthians\n(3.) He defends his own apostolic claim (10-13), and justifies\nhimself from the charges and insinuations of the false teacher\nand his adherents.\nThis epistle, it has been well said, shows the individuallity\nof the apostle more than any other. \"Human weakness, spiritual\nstrength, the deepest tenderness of affection, wounded feeling,\nsternness, irony, rebuke, impassioned self-vindication,\nhumility, a just self-respect, zeal for the welfare of the weak", "Second Epistle to the Corinthians\nand suffering, as well as for the progress of the church of\nChrist and for the spiritual advancement of its members, are all\ndisplayed in turn in the course of his appeal.\"--Lias, Second\nCorinthians.\nOf the effects produced on the Corinthian church by this\nepistle we have no definite information. We know that Paul\nvisited Corinth after he had written it (Acts 20:2, 3), and that\non that occasion he tarried there for three months. In his\nletter to Rome, written at this time, he sent salutations from"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/metro-north-commuter-train-hits-suv-new-york-city-suburb-n299761

Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla

["Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nMetro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nA packed commuter train heading north from New York City slammed into an SUV stuck at a crossing Tuesday, killing seven people and injuring 12.\nSix Killed in Commuter Train Accident\nFeb. 4, 201501:28\nFeb. 4, 2015, 2:04 AM UTC / Updated Feb. 4, 2015, 2:13 PM UTC\nSix people were killed after a crowded commuter train slammed into a sport utility vehicle on the tracks north of New York City on Tuesday.", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nThe crash caused the SUV to explode in a fireball that set the front of the train ablaze, officials said. About 15 people were hurt, Gov. Andrew Cuomo said.\nIt was the deadliest accident in the history of the Metro-North system, which carries about 285,000 passengers a day.", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\n\"You have seven people who started out today to go about their business, and aren't going to be making it home tonight,\" Cuomo told reporters Tuesday night near the scene of the 6:30 p.m. crash in Valhalla, about 30 miles north of Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan. \"It's a painful reminder to all of us how precious life is, and sometimes how random it can be.\"", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nCuomo gave the revised death toll of six in an interview with NY1, a local cable news channel. Authorities had said on Tuesday that seven people were killed. There was no immediate explanation for the discrepancy.\nFive of the dead were on the northbound train, Cuomo said. The driver of the Jeep was also killed. That train typically carries about 650 people when it leaves Grand Central bound for northern suburbs, officials said.\nRead full coverage at NBC New York", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nThe Metropolitan Transportation Authority said the Jeep was stopped on the tracks when a railroad crossing gate came down on top of it. The driver got out, checked the rear of the vehicle, and then she got back in and drove forward and was struck by the train, the agency said.\nCuomo called the scene of devastation \"a truly ugly and brutal sight.\" The Jeep was pushed 400 feet down the track, and the third rail was torn up and sent through the vehicle and into the first car.", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\n\"When you look at the damage done, and the damage by the fire, it's actually amazing that not more people were hurt on that train,\" Cuomo said.\nThe National Transportation Safety Board dispatched a team of investigators to the crash site. MTA Chairman Tom Prendergast said the train's event recorder should help to piece together the circumstances surrounding the crash.", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nDeborah Hersman, the former chair of the National Transportation Safety Board, said that trains such as the ones that crashed generally have devices that record speed, throttle position, braking patterns and bells and whistles.\nInvestigators will also scour any video footage recorded on the train or at the scene, she said.\n\u201cObviously there\u2019s a lot of people in the vicinity, so we might actually have witnesses,\u201d she told TODAY.\nhttps://www.instagram.com/p/yqJOBOGsrs", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nPassengers described a jolt, and then an announcement that the train had struck a vehicle. Some passengers had to break the glass on doors to get out; others used ladders to descend from the stopped train.\nJamie Wallace was sitting in the second car from the front when the train slammed into the Jeep. There were panicked calls for a fire extinguisher farther up the train, he said, but the doors to the first car were jammed shut. They tried to break the glass to reach the first car.", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\n\"A number of us were smelling fumes from the car, fuel, and we said, 'you know, we need to get out.' The fire was starting to spread back toward the second car,\" Wallace told NBC New York.\nFamily members gathered at Westchester Medical Center Tuesday to await word on their loved ones. One frightened woman told NBC News she was too distraught to talk, saying, \"My husband might be dead.\"", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nNeil Rader normally sits near the front of the train on his commute to his home in Katonah, but he was running late and ended up in the middle of the train, closer to the rear. \"I'm very fortunate,\" he said.", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nStacey Eisner, an NBC News Group employee, was a passenger in one of the rear cars of the train, and said she felt the train \"jerk.\" There was no loss of power or heat, but it felt like the train had turned off, she told NBC News. Eisner said the conductor walked through the train to explain what had happened. Passengers were calm at first, but tension began to build when they learned the train had hit a car, she said.", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nAbout 10 to 15 minutes after the train \"jerk,\" Eisner's train car was evacuated, with ladders used to get people out.\nMetro-North has had several recent accidents, including a Dec. 1, 2013, derailment that killed four passengers and injured 61.\nIn that accident, investigators found that engineer William Rockefeller fell asleep before the train roared into a 30 mph curve at a speed of 82 mph. The National Transportation Safety Board said an undiagnosed condition of sleep apnea contributed to the crash.", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\nFour other accidents in New York and Connecticut in 2013 and 2014 were blamed by the NTSB on a lack of track maintenance and poor communication.\nU.S. Sen. Chuck Schumer said the MTA has pledged a full and thorough investigation.", "Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla\n\"Our hearts go out to those lost, we pray for those injured and our hats are tipped to the brave first responders who came to the scene of this tragic crash so quickly,\" Schumer said in a statement. \"At this early stage, it is premature to point any fingers of blame, but there are many important questions that must be answered in the coming days.\"\nNBC News' Niven McCall-Mazza, Tracy Jarrett and John Brecher contributed to this report.\nGallery: SUV Causes Deadly Train Crash"]

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https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/13/226/2096837/

Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)

["Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nJustia \u203a US Law \u203a Case Law \u203a Federal Courts \u203a District Courts \u203a Oklahoma \u203a Northern District of Oklahoma \u203a 1936 \u203a Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy\nExchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nUS District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma - 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\n13 F. Supp. 226 (1936)\nEXCHANGE NAT. BANK OF TULSA\nDAVY et al.\nNo. 1050.\nDistrict Court, N. D. Oklahoma.\nJanuary 7, 1936.", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nJoseph L. Hull, Charles E. Bush, and James E. Bush, all of Tulsa, Okl., for plaintiff.\nC. E. Bailey, U. S. Atty., and Chester A. Brewer, Asst. U. S. Atty., both of Tulsa, Okl., for the United States.\nKENNAMER, District Judge.", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThis is an action for the foreclosure of a real estate mortgage against Claude W. Davy, and Leona Davy, his wife, in which the United States of America was joined *227 as a defendant, because of the filing of a notice of income tax lien for income tax levied and assessed against Davy for the taxable year 1930. The evidence established the following facts: On May 7, 1930, a trust agreement was entered into between Davy and the Exchange Trust Company, and Davy deposited $20,000 in the trust estate", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nOn November 13, 1930, the Exchange Trust Company, trustee for Davy, invested $7,000 in notes executed by one Mason, the same being a part of a loan of $8,000 made by the Exchange National Company to Mason, which was secured by a mortgage on real estate in the city of Tulsa. The trustee received a participation of $7,000 in the $8,000 mortgage from the Exchange National Company", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nOn January 22, 1932, Davy borrowed $7,000 from the Exchange National Bank, plaintiff herein, and executed his note in that amount as evidence of the indebtedness. On the same date he executed an assignment to plaintiff, assigning all the assets in his trust estate, and notice of the assignment was served on the Exchange Trust Company by the bank. The assignment was not placed of record", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nOn June 8, 1932, the trustee instituted suit for the foreclosure of the mortgage, which resulted in judgment, and sale of the property. The trustee was the purchaser at the sale, and on November 10, 1932, a sheriff's deed was executed to the Exchange Trust Company, trustee for Davy, conveying the property foreclosed. On June 29, 1933, the Exchange Trust Company became insolvent, and its assets were turned over to the state bank commissioner", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nOn November 11, 1933, Davy revoked his trust agreement with the Exchange Trust Company. On February 10, 1934, the state bank commissioner executed a special warranty deed, conveying the real estate to Davy, and delivered the deed to an agent of the Exchange National Bank. On February 23, 1934, the plaintiff delivered the deed to Davy and took from him a real estate mortgage, covering the property described in the deed, to secure the payment of the $7,000 indebtedness", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe mortgage was placed of record March 2, 1934. The notice of income tax lien was filed in the office of the county clerk of Tulsa county, Okl., and in the office of the clerk of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma, on December 22, 1932. The question presented is one of priority", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe bank was the holder of the assignment of the beneficial interest in the trust property prior to the filing of the notice of income tax lien, which property consisted of a participation in a chose in action, a note secured by real estate mortgage", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe trust property had been converted into real estate, by foreclosure of the mortgage, before the notice of income tax lien was filed, but the notice was filed for record prior to the delivery of deed to the property to Davy and the execution and delivery of the real estate mortgage by Davy to the bank. Plaintiff had an assignment of the trust, which was a lien upon an equitable estate", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nDavy, as beneficiary, had equitable title to the trust property; the Exchange Trust Company had bare legal title to the property, as trustee. The assignment of the trust estate was given to secure the payment of the indebtedness. It was an equitable lien", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nDavy continued as owner of the equitable estate in the trust, subject to the lien of plaintiff, until he revoked the trust agreement, resulting in the transfer of legal title to the property by the state bank commissioner, to the beneficial owner, but subject to the equitable lien of plaintiff", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nBecause of the assignment of the trust to the bank, and notice thereof to the trustee, the deed was not delivered to Davy, but was given to the plaintiff, who in turn delivered it to Davy when given a mortgage upon the property. As soon as Davy's title was changed from equitable to legal, the bank obtained a legal lien in substitution of its equitable lien", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe evidence establishes that the bank did nothing to waive its lien, but, on the contrary, was diligent in preserving its security, and obtained a real estate mortgage in place of its equitable lien, as soon as the debtor was in a position to execute such a mortgage.", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe question for determination is whether the filing of notice of income tax lien subsequent to the assignment of the trust estate, which was not recorded, but prior to the recording of the real estate mortgage, creates a prior right in the United States to payment out of the property over the lienholder.", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe income tax lien, sought to be foreclosed in this action, was created by Act of May 29, 1928, \u00a7 613 (a) (45 Stat. 875, 26 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 115 [see 26 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 1560]), which provides a lien in favor of the United States upon all property and rights to property, whether real or personal, belonging to the person liable for *228 the payment of taxes. The effective time of the lien is also fixed in the act. Subsection (b) of section 115, 26 U.S.C.A. (see 26 U.S.C.A", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\n\u00a7 1562) provides that the lien shall not be valid as against any mortgagee, purchaser, or judgment creditor until notice has been filed. Provision is made for filing notice in accordance with the laws of the state, or in the office of the clerk of the United States District Court in the district in which the property subject to the lien is situated. In the instant case notice was properly filed in accordance with the statute.", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nIt is noteworthy that the act provides that the lien shall not be valid as against any mortgagee until notice has been filed. It does not provide in its terms that the mortgagee shall be one who has recorded his mortgage; it does not expressly state that after notice is filed the lien in favor of the government shall be subject to all existing mortgages, or that the lien of the government shall be superior to them", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nIt has been judicially determined, and properly so, that the lien of the United States in such cases is subject to prior recorded mortgages. See Sherwood v. United States (D.C.) 5 F.(2d) 991; Ormsbee v. United States (D.C.) 23 F.(2d) 926. No case has been submitted which extends the ruling to unrecorded mortgages, and in my opinion, to so extend it, would open a way for fraud and wrongdoing, to the great prejudice of the government", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe act should not be construed to declare the tax liens invalid as against a mortgagee who has not recorded his mortgage, because of the provisions relating to the filing of notice. This clearly is intended to place the government in the same position as any other lienholder who is diligent in filing or recording liens, and it is to be accorded the same rights and benefits of the recording statutes which are given individuals", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe filing of notice is necessary if the government is to have such a lien, and thus, individuals are afforded notice before dealing with property subject to such tax liens.", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe lien of the United States created by act of Congress is a broad one. It is more extensive than mortgages and other liens in that the property to which it attaches does not have to be specified. It is general, and attaches to all property and rights to property, whether real or personal. But, the act must be construed reasonably, and with respect to property rights of individuals. The recording statutes apply to real estate transfers and transactions; they are not applicable to personalty", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe tax lien attaches to personal property, as well as rights to property, in addition to real property. The tax lien provided by the congressional act attaches to personal property or choses in action, subject to the existing rights of third persons. To illustrate, stocks or bonds hypothecated prior to the filing of notice of tax lien should create a lien upon such stocks or bonds subject to the lien of the pledgee, as no recording is necessary for such a pledge", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe same should follow with respect to other personal property, as chattels. It should likewise be true as to equitable liens, because such a lien generally grows out of a contract or assignment, differing widely from a mortgage or deed, and if offered for recording, could not be recorded as a mortgage or deed, and if received for recording, would have to be recorded in the miscellaneous records of the county clerk.", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nIn the instant case, the equitable lien arose by the assignment of the trust, and the trust property consisted of a chose in action, not real property, when given. No recording was required of such an assignment", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe assignment became effective upon the trustee when notice of it was given; the beneficiary could not have effectively assigned the trust property to another after the first assignment, because the trustee, the legal title holder of the trust property, would have been bound to respect the first assignment. When the government filed notice of the tax lien, such lien attached to the trust property, subject to the rights of the assignee, the plaintiff herein", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nIf the mortgage securing the note participated in by the trust had not been foreclosed, the tax lien would have attached to the note participation certificate subject to the assignment, or lien, of the bank. Does the fact that the mortgage was foreclosed and the security, the land, substituted for the chose in action, as the trust property, lessen the rights of the bank and increase the rights of the government", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\n? There is nothing in reason or equity to justify such a result. Advancing a step forward, should the fact that the trust agreement was terminated and the trust property conveyed to the beneficiary lessen the rights of the bank and enlarge the rights of the United States", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\n? There may be instances when *229 such a result should follow, but in this case the plaintiff was diligent in protecting its security. As soon as the debtor changed his ownership from an equitable (cestui que trust) to a legal one, the bank converted its equitable lien (its assignment of the trust benefit) to a legal one, a real estate mortgage", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nWhere there is no express waiver, an equitable lien, which has once arisen, is not waived by the subsequent taking of a legal and perfected lien to the same extent and upon the same property. See 37 Corpus Juris, 336. A contract creating an equitable lien, when not a legal mortgage, cannot be affected by failure to record as a mortgage, as required by the laws of a state to render it enforceable against creditors or purchasers without notice. Chattanooga Nat. Bank v. Rome Iron Co. (C.C.) 102 F. 755", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe tax lien provided by the act is a general lien, and it is not necessarily to be preferred over any other lien. City of Winston-Salem v. Powell Paving Co. (D.C.) 7 F. Supp. 424, at page 428.", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nIt is unnecessary to determine whether the tax lien involved herein has the effect of a judgment lien or a mortgage lien. If it is to be considered as a judgment lien, plaintiff is entitled to prevail. See Guaranty State Bank v. Pratt, 72 Okl. 244, 180 P. 376; Oklahoma State Bank v. Burnett, 65 Okl. 74, 162 P. 1124, 4 A.L.R. 430; Cassidy v. Bonner (C.C.A.) 54 F.(2d) 234. If the tax lien has the effect of a mortgage lien, then the United States must be subsequent to the rights of plaintiff", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe fact that an earlier lien is released and a new mortgage is taken, while a lien junior to the first lien is in effect, does not deprive the holder of the first lien of priority, unless there is evidence of waiver of the prior lien. See Pearson v. Harris (C.C.A.) 200 F. 10; In re F. MacKinnon Mfg. Co. (C.C.A.) 24 F.(2d) 156; Swift & Co. v. Kortrecht (C.C.A.) 112 F. 709.", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nThe tax lien attached to the trust property subject to the rights of plaintiff. Plaintiff preserved its lien upon the property, while it was in the trust, and as soon as it was removed from the trust, by changing its lien from equitable to a legal mortgage. The change in the form of the security held by the bank in equity should not deprive it of its security. The tax lien continued as a lien, but subject to the lien, both under the assignment and the mortgage, of the bank", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nA decree may be entered ordering the real property sold free from the tax lien, as well as the mortgage, and that from the proceeds of the sale, the costs of the action and of the sale shall first be paid; then the mortgage debt of plaintiff shall be payable, and the residue, if any, shall be paid into the registry of the court, to be paid to the government, upon proper application therefor, in satisfaction of the tax lien", "Exchange Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. Davy, 13 F. Supp. 226 (N.D. Okla. 1936)\nIf any funds remain after such payments, they shall be subject to further distribution in accordance with the rights of the defendants Davy."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://reginajeffers.blog/2013/03/26/eccentrics-of-the-regency-series-robert-barclay-allardice/

Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice

["Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\n\u2190 Eccentrics of the Regency: Francis Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of Hertford\nWriting \u201cThe Disappearance of Georgiana Darcy\u201d \u2192\nEccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nPosted on March 26, 2013 by reginajeffers", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nKnown at Captain Barclay, Robert Barclay Allardice was in Scotland in August 1777. Compared to his sedentary contemporaries, Barclay was one of the most athletic men of his time. Barclay came by his athletic tendencies honestly. His family is said to have wrestled bulls, to carry flour sacks in their teeth, and to have uprooted trees with their bare hands", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nAccording to tales of his prowess, Barclay could lift an 18 stone man from the floor to a table with one hand, and he was most proficient in hammer throwing and caber tossing.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nCaptain Barclay\u2019s father was Robert Barclay (1732\u20131797), 5th of Ury, a member of an ancient Scottish family, and great-grandson of Robert Barclay (1648\u20131690), 2nd of Ury, who published in 1678 a noted Apology (i.e. defence) for the Quaker faith. The banking Barclay family which founded Barclays Bank were descended from this 2nd Laird.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nRobert Barclay married, in 1776, Sarah Ann Allardice, a descendant of Robert II of Scotland and of the Earls of Airth, Menteith, and Strathearn. In recognition of the nobility of his wife\u2019s family, Robert Barclay thenceforth took the surname of Allardice.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nSeveral of the Barclay family were noted for unusual strength. The 1st Laird of Ury was reputed one of the strongest men in the country at the time of the English Civil War, and Robert Barclay Allardice senior was himself a noted pedestrian, who once walked 510 miles (820 km) from Ury to London in 10 days.\nCaptain Barclay made his home at Fritwell Manor in Oxfordshire.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nHe was nicknamed the \u201cCelebrated Pedestrian\u201d because of his endurance in long distance walking, which was a popular spectator sport in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Barclay was known to wager on the events, and he earned a small fortune as a competitor. Reportedly, Barclay would \u201csweeten\u201d the pot by a bit of gamesmanship. For example, he supposedly wager 1000 guineas that he could walk 90 miles in 21 hours. However, he was said to have gotten a cold and lost the bet", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nBarclay then increased the wager to 2000 guineas, which he lost again. On his third try, the wager had grown to 5000 guineas, which he won with an hour to spare.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nBarclay was said to have walked 110 miles in 19 hours and 27 minutes to win his first competition in 1796. Again in 1796, he walked 90 miles in 20 hours and 22 minutes. He completed 64 miles in 10 hours in 1802. In 1805, between breakfast and dinner, he walked 72 miles. Barclay walked 110 miles (100 miles over bad roads) in 19 hours in 1808. In 1807, he managed 78 miles on hilly roads in 14 hours. In 1808, he walked 130 miles and spent two nights without sleep", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nBarclay reportedly rose at 5 A.M., walked 30 miles while grouse shooting, and then walked home (60 miles) in 11 hours. After that, he dined before walking 16 miles to a ball, from which he returned home at 7 A.M. He followed the night at the ball with another day of grouse shooting.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nHis most famous feat came at Newmarket in 1809. Over a 42 day period (1 June \u2013 12 July), Barclay walked 1000 miles in 1000 hours. He covered one mile every hour continuous for 1000 hours. At the beginning of his task he walked his first mile in 14 minutes and 54 seconds. By the last week, his time averaged 21 minutes and 4 seconds. Over 10,000 people watched the event over the six weeks Barclay competed. He won a large purse for his efforts.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nThe enterprise quite caught the public imagination. The Times, which carried little in the way of general interest news, printed this report:", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nThe gentleman on Wednesday completed his arduous pedestrian undertaking, to walk a thousand miles in a thousand successive hours, at the rate of a mile in each and every hour. He had until four o\u2019clock P.M. to finish his task; but he performed his last mile in the quarter of an hour after three, with perfect ease and great spirit, amidst an immense concourse of spectators. The influx of company had so much increased on Sunday, that it was recommended that the ground should be roped in", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nTo this, Captain Barclay at first objected; but the crowd became so great on Monday, and he had experienced so much interruption, that he was at last prevailed upon to allow this precaution to be taken. For the last two days he appeared in higher spirits, and performed his walk with apparently more ease, and in shorter time than he had done for some days before", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nWith the change of the weather, he had thrown off his loose great coat, which he wore during the rainy period, and on Wednesday performed in a flannel jacket. He also put on shoes thicker than any which he had used in the earlier part of his performance. He said that during the first night after his walk he would have himself awaked twice or thrice, to avoid the danger of a too sudden transition from almost constant exertion to a state of long repose.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nOne hundred to one, and indeed any odds whatever, were offered on Wednesday; but so strong was the confidence in his success, that no bets could be obtained. The multitude of people who resorted to the scene of action, in the course of the concluding days, was unprecedented. Not a bed could be procured on Tuesday night at Newmarket, Cambridge, or any of the towns and villages in the vicinity, and every horse and every species of vehicle was engaged", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nAmong the Nobility and Gentry who witnessed the conclusion of this extraordinary feat, were the Dukes of Argyle and St. Alban\u2019s; Earls Grosvenor, Besborough, and Jersey; Lords Foley and Somerville; Sir John Lode, Sir F. Standish, &c. &c.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nCapt Barclay had a large sum depending upon his undertaking. The aggregate of the bets is supposed to amount to \u00a3100,000.\u2014He commenced his feat on the first of June.\nDuring the 42 days of this exercise, his weight dropped from 13 st 4 lb (84.5 kg) to 11 st (70 kg). If the report of the total wagers was accurate, they were equivalent to some \u00a35 million ($US 8 million) in modern terms.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nIn a 1813 book (Pedestrianism), Walter Thorn includes a detailed list of Barclay\u2019s exploits, as well as a chapter on the \u201cCaptain\u2019s\u201d family history and another on Barclay\u2019s training methods. Barclay did not adhere to a strict training program, and he held a reputation for purging and sweating, as well as the eating of meat. This techniques were widely used throughout much of the 19th Century.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nThorn describes Barclay\u2019s competition clothing as consisting of a wool suit and socks, a cravat and a top hat. Barclay would bend forward when walking and take short steps. He lifted his foot only a few inches off the ground. If one has ever seen race walkers, he can understand the transition to the current style. Contemporary race walkers must meet the following guidelines.\nThe knee of the advancing leg must be straightened when the advancing foot makes contact with the ground.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nBring the knee through low when the advancing leg swings forward.\nMove legs slowly at first, then gradually increase leg speed (cadence).\nThe proper way to achieve a faster pace is to increase leg speed, not over-striding. Maintain the natural stride length for one\u2019s body and increase the number of strides per minute. Gradually work towards achieving 160 steps per minute. Over time, you may reach 180-200 SPM. However, initially one\u2019s stride length may shorten as the cadence is increased.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nBarclay also took an interest in pugilism and served as a trainer for Tom Cribb, the bare knuckles Champion of the World in 1807. Captain Barclay\u2019s rank was in the 23rd Regiment of Foot, which he joined in 1805. In 1809 he served as aide-de-camp to the Marquess of Huntly on the ill-fated Walcheren campaign, starting out just 5 days after the completion of the 1000-mile feat.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nIn addition to being a successful soldier, Barclay invested heavily in the Defiance Stagecoach Line between Aberdeen and Glasgow. He reportedly once took the London mail to Aberdeen, a feat which kept him in the driver\u2019s seat for three days and nights.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nCaptain Barclay claimed the Earldom of Airth, his lawyers claiming that this title could be inherited through the female line. The claim was rejected by the House of Lords in 1839. A similar claim to the Earldoms of Menteith and Stathearn was not pursued. A curious aside to the latter claim is that it would have implied that Captain Barclay was the rightful King of Scotland.", "Eccentrics of the Regency Series: Robert Barclay Allardice\nIronically, he was kicked by a horse in 1854 and died several days following from paralysis. The only surviving child from his marriage was a daughter who settled in America.\nThis entry was posted in British history, legends and myths, Living in the Regency, real life tales, Regency era, Victorian era and tagged athlete, Captain Barclay, Defiance Stagecoach Line, pedestrianism, race walking, Robert Barclay Allardice, Walter Thorn. Bookmark the permalink."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://20200508t112514-dot-koreaboo-production.uc.r.appspot.com/stories/chinese-man-spent-40000-girlfriend-met-online-true-identity-even-shocking/

Chinese Man Spent $40,000 On A Girlfriend He Met Online, But Her True Identity Was Even More Shocking

["Chinese Man Spent $40,000 On A Girlfriend He Met Online, But Her True Identity Was Even More Shocking\nChinese Man Spent $40,000 On A Girlfriend He Met Online, But Her True Identity Was Even More Shocking\nThis man spent $40,000 on his online girlfriend who he had never met. When he found out who it actually was, he was mortified.\nIn September 2015, a man from Nanjing, China met a woman named Nanring through his best friend on an instant messenger and the two began a cyber relationship.\nSource: eHarmony\nThereafter, Nanring began asking the man to borrow money stating various reasons she needed it right away.", "Chinese Man Spent $40,000 On A Girlfriend He Met Online, But Her True Identity Was Even More Shocking\nShe told the man her younger sister was seriously injured in a car accident and asked the man for money to pay for the medical bills. She also later asked to borrow money for various other reasons such as for her father\u2019s gambling debt, mother\u2019s cancer diagnosis, etc.\nIn December 2017 after more than two years since they met, the man realized that he let his girlfriend borrow approximately $40,000 USD and yet, they still had not met even once.", "Chinese Man Spent $40,000 On A Girlfriend He Met Online, But Her True Identity Was Even More Shocking\nHis girlfriend always made excuses when he asked her to a face-to-face date or tried to video chat. Although the man started to become suspicious, he still trusted his girlfriend because she was introduced by his good friend of 12 years.\nHowever, when he was rejected yet again on his invitation to meet on Valentine\u2019s Day, he could not hold it in any longer and reported it to the police.\nSource: Brian Jackson / Fotolia", "Chinese Man Spent $40,000 On A Girlfriend He Met Online, But Her True Identity Was Even More Shocking\nAccording to the police report, Nanring turned out to be a person made up by his best friend! His friend with whom he had a 12-year-long friendship had been acting like his girlfriend, tricking him for 3 years.\nThe best friend began the act as a joke, but when they received a Christmas present through online chatting, the friend changed their mind and kept tricking the man."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://peoplepill.com/people/magdalena-graaf

Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer

["Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nMagdalena Graaf\npeoplepill id: magdalena-graaf\nSwedish model, singer and writer\nIntro Swedish model, singer and writer\nIs Writer Model Singer Biographer\nFrom Sweden\nField Fashion Literature Science Music\nBirth 2 September 1975, Gothenburg", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nEngla Maria Magdalena Graaf (born 2 September 1975 in Gothenburg) is a Swedish model, singer, and author. In 1998, she and her sister Hannah joined together and formed the group The Graaf Sisters, who became popular with the song \"You Got What I Want Baby\". She was also the wife of soccer star Magnus Hedman and as a result has been voted the sexiest footballer's wife.\nGraaf was born in Gothenburg, but she grew up in Kungs\u00e4ngen in Stockholm County, to Swedish Pentecostal parents.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nIn her late teens, Graaf became pregnant with her son Isak. Instead of burdening or embarrassing her religious parents, she married her Finnish gangster boyfriend Jorma whom she was already living with. During this time, she was physically and emotional abused.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nAfter Graaf was shot in the leg, she left her husband despite threats against her and her family. She eventually reported him to the proper authorities. As a result, she was placed under protective custody and given new identities. She and her son were moved throughout Sweden but eventually settled in Gothenburg and was given the new names of Michaela and Ville for her son.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nHer husband was eventually released from prison and he put a 50 000 SEK bounty on her and a reward for hurting her sister model, Hannah. After her husband's indictment, the police did little to help Graaf. She did receive some help from a policewoman who would eventually get fired for helping Graaf. To this day, Graaf has a bitter disdain for the Swedish authorities. Her plight eventually was heard by former MC gang leader who felt bad for her and decided to protect Graaf", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nDue to all the stress following the aftermath her ex-husband's indictment, Graaf lost a great deal of weight and suffered from lack of confidence. She underwent breast augmentation and started an exercise regimen. Her sister Hannah, an established model, took her to a celebrity party where she met E-Type who hit on her. She claims this boosted her confidence and being seen on the party scene with her sister landed her a modeling career.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nGraaf followed the footsteps of her younger sister and began glamour modeling. Graaf would often model with her sister Hannah. The two gained noterity for appearing in countless men's magazines. The controversy catapulted lesser known Graaf's career. She has appeared in the magazines Caf\u00e9, Moore, and Slitz. In 1998, Graaf appeared on three separate Caf\u00e9 covers.\nIn 2004, The Graaf were looking for a come back. The sisters flew to Los Angeles and did a pictorial for FHM magazine.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nThe Graaf sisters became a cultural phenomenon and, by 1998 both sisters gave up glamour modeling to pursue a music career. That same year, she formed a musical duo The Graaf Sisters with Hannah and was quickly signed to Sony BMG. The two worked with producers Christer Sandelin, Tommy Ekman, and Rob 'n' Raz. The record yielded the Swedish #1 hit \"You Got (What I Want)\". The duo has since been on hiatus with both women marrying and having children.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nIn 2002, the sisters were involved in a civil suit against Mikael Brinkstierna. Brinkstierna alleged that the sisters began working with him in 1996 and that they had a management contract in which he was entitled to 25% of all revenues from the sisters' future disc sales. After the success of their first album, Brinkstierna received no money after he allegedly spent hours helping them be a success", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nThe sisters claim that Brinkstierna gave them nothing but money and accused him of being a crook after a similar dispute Brinkstierna had with the pop group Aqua.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nIn March 2006, Graaf released her biography Det ska bli ett sant n\u00f6je att d\u00f6da dig (\"It is going to be a true pleasure to kill you\"), where she tells about her childhood and her first, problematic marriage. The title of her book was the last thing her ex-husband Jorma said to her before she left him and fled with their son Isak.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nGraaf participated in the Swedish edition of Dancing with the Stars (Let's Dance) until the end of January 2009, when she was forced to quit due to a cerebral hemorrhage. She also works for Postkodlotteriet and gives the winners money, Postkodsmiljon\u00e4ren where the main show is broadcast on TV4.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nIn 1995, she gave birth to her first son, Isak, with her first husband. A year and a half after Isak's birth, Graaf left her husband in 1996. In 1999, Graaf married Swedish football goalkeeper Magnus Hedman. The couple had two sons named Lancelot (born in 2000) and Tristan (born in 2004). During their early marriage, the couple lived in Scotland where Hedman was playing soccer in Celtic.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nAfter Hedman's retirement the couple resided in Stockholm. In 2006, Graaf separated from Hedman after news papers reported an alleged affair with singer Linda Bengtzing. The couple have since divorced.\nHer fourth son, Charlie, was born in 2011. Her oldest son Isak died in an accident on August 25, 2014. She gave birth to her fifth son Louie in 2016.", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nThe Sisters made Time Magazine's List of European Heroes for their charity work. Magdalena along with Hannah have donated earnings from their modeling to aid orphanages in Nagpur in central India. The sisters maintain that they never have strayed too far from their Pentecostal upbringing and that their commitment for charity was inherited from their mother Linda Bergling who worked as a missionary in Asia and Africa. Not only have the donated money to the cause but they have built two orphanages and school", "Magdalena Graaf - Swedish Model, Singer, and Writer\nAmerican actor and producer\nHjalmar Ekdal\nTheodor Dalenson\nSwedish businessman\nBertil Carlsson\nSwedish politician\nPepi Weixlg\u00e4rtner-Neutra\n\u00d6sterrikisk-svensk grafiker, skulpt\u00f6r och m\u00e5lare\nOlof Grafstr\u00f6m\nSvensk konstn\u00e4r\nMax Berg\u00e5\nSwedish talent agent\nJoel Ekel\u00f6f\nSwedish singer\nCaroline Larsson\nPer Axel Rydberg\nAmerican botanist\nJulia Engstr\u00f6m\nJohan Nils Asplind\nSwedish ornamental painter\nElsa Nyholm\nSwedish botanist\nIngmar Norl\u00e9n\nSwedish journalist\nSee trending people in Sweden See trending people worldwide"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.flipsidearchive.com/blackhawkdown.html

Black Hawk Down

["Black Hawk Down\nBlack Hawk Down A\nWriters: Steven Zaillian, Ken Nolan (based on the book by Mark Bowden)\nCast: Josh Hartnett, Ewan McGregor, Tom Sizemore, Eric Bana, William Fichtner, Ewan Bremner, Orlando Bloom, Sam Shepard.", "Black Hawk Down\nIn the heat of battle, everything breaks down. Ideologies and politics cease to matter. Whatever nebulous justifications for fighting are swept away as soon as the first bullets fly. The only thing left is pure, relentless Darwinism, devoid of any reasoning or argument: I have to kill that man, or else he is going to kill me. Black Hawk Down understands the cold truth of combat, and presents it with unshakable aplomb", "Black Hawk Down\nIt exists on a purely sensual level, eschewing traditional notions of drama and storytelling. Though it adheres to a bare-bones plot, its energy lies somewhere beyond. It isn't so much a yarn as an immersive experience, an attempt to convey the foot soldier's viewpoint in the most primal and immediate manner possible.", "Black Hawk Down\nIt's fitting that such a meditation would take place in the historic footnote of the Somali civil war: a conflict that ultimately involved both the U.S. Army and UN Peacekeepers. Sandwiched between Desert Storm and Bosnia -- a veritable hiccup in the New World Order -- it nonetheless placed thousands of soldiers in considerable jeopardy for murky and ill-defined goals. The all-but-forgotten operation thus becomes a cipher for war in general", "Black Hawk Down\nThough the setting has a very fixed time and place, its essence transcends those boundaries. The fresh-faced young men on-screen could come from any country, and be a part of any conflict from the Peloponnesian War to the hunt for Osama bin Laden.", "Black Hawk Down\nThe film opens with a mob of starving Somalians charging a truck full of food, only to be fired upon by the armed thugs atop it. The food belongs to their warlord, the men say, and they'll kill anyone who tries to take it. A helicopter full of American soldiers circles the scene, its occupants itching to stop the brutality. No, their commanders inform them. The situation is not their concern.", "Black Hawk Down\nIn other hands, such a setup would lead the way for a gung-ho shoot 'em up: a jingoistic affirmation of American righteousness as Our Boys bash the appropriately foreign Forces of Evil. But Black Hawk Down has better things in mind, and knows that such simplistic reasoning just doesn't exist outside the multiplex", "Black Hawk Down\nThe soldiers in the chopper soon learn firsthand why such orders are given: the way even a minor skirmish can spiral out of control and how a desire to do the right thing may not make a damn bit of difference.", "Black Hawk Down\nThe bulk of the film involves a botched attempt to take several Somali war criminals into custody. A hundred-odd U.S. troops, traveling in choppers and Hum-Vees, surrounded a building in Mogadishu with the intention of capturing all those inside. The operation was supposed to take only 30 minutes; in the end, it lasted nearly a day and cost 19 American lives, along with God knows how many Somalis. Director Ridley Scott follows every part of the attack, but he isn't overly concerned about specific details", "Black Hawk Down\nInstead, he keeps the proceedings abstract, concentrating on sights, sounds, and emotions. His ability to create complete cinematic universes finds a potent outlet here, in the wild streets and back alleys of Mogadishu. Under Scott's direction, the city becomes a forbidding, alien landscape where outsiders are not welcome. Mogadishu is a maze of roadblocks and tire fires, occupied by the resentful minions of the local warlord", "Black Hawk Down\nFights take place only a few blocks away from each other, yet they might as well be different planets. From the instant the soldiers hit the ground, we know they're in trouble. The American presence touches off a firestorm: thousands of militia members, armed to the teeth, take out their frustrations on anyone who steps into the crosshairs.", "Black Hawk Down\nThe characters are almost generic, with their shaved heads and mottled beige fatigues. Though we have an audience surrogate in Josh Hartnett's earnest sergeant, the film doesn't limit itself to his experience. It leaps back and forth between elements, following each aspect of the increasingly convoluted operation. Soon, one of the choppers goes down, followed by a second", "Black Hawk Down\nThe soldiers, who spent their time on base taking jump shots and debating the abstract reasons for their presence, find themselves cut off and surrounded by an enemy who desires their complete obliteration. Their efforts to survive highlights a lot of war film clich\u00e9s -- bungled commands, the brotherhood of soldiers, an eager newbie who learns that combat really isn't cool after all -- but retain their core of truth in a way that other war films can't", "Black Hawk Down\nScott reaches into the heart of the incident and delivers it in wordless, gut-wrenching depth. At the same time, he deftly avoids political rationales, keeping right and wrong on the sidelines lest they interfere with the proceedings. The Americans' genuine morality is contrasted by their arrogant na\u00efvet\u00e9, their assumption that they can solve this crisis after so many others have failed. The Somalis are faceless, but never dehumanized, and we sense their agony as freshly as their rage", "Black Hawk Down\nThe result is a brilliant achievement, empathic and warm yet devoid of subjective judgement. There are no villains here, no faceless evils to be vanquished. Just an ugly situation and the way real people have to deal with it.", "Black Hawk Down\nBlack Hawk Down was co-produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, arguably Tinseltown's most exploitative hack. His knack for flashy, kinetic formalism finds an almost perfect expression here, transforming his cheap showmanship into something worthwhile. It allows us to momentarily forgive the countless cinematic abominations he has thrust upon us... and reminds us that Scott, one of our most underrated directors, remains a force to be reckoned with"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://ammodotcom.liberty.me/witold-pilecki-polish-spy-led-resistance-against-nazis-wwii-inspiring-story/

Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis

["Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nAbout Liberty.me\nThe Global Liberty Community\nAmmodotcom\nSign Up for the Good Stuff\nGet our best articles + our exclusive guide\nReclaim Your Privacy\nWitold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nBy Ammodotcom from Ammo.com link Aug 3, 2020", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nLike many of the heroes of the Warsaw Uprising, nearly no one in the Anglosphere has ever heard of Witold Pilecki, a deeply Catholic member of the Polish resistance. However, his heroism is inspiring far beyond his actions during the largest single act of Polish resistance to the Nazi regime.", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nWhen we speak of resistance against the Nazis by occupied nations, we speak almost exclusively of the French and sometimes of the Dutch. Rarely mentioned are the Poles, despite the fact that they had a functioning government in exile coordinating with an underground government on the ground with its own military arm, the Polish Home Army.", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nAs part of his duties in the Polish Home Army, Pilecki volunteered for service as a prisoner in Auschwitz so that he could gather intelligence. This made him one of the first people to report on Nazi atrocities during World War II.", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nUnfortunately, like many others, he picked the wrong side of the coin in Eastern Europe, backing the liberal-democratic government of Poland against the Communist government backed in Moscow. This meant that much of his heroism was unknown until the 1990s, after the fall of Communism and the release of documents that had been suppressed by the Communists for decades.\nThe Early Life of Witold Pilecki", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nPilecki was born in Olonet in Karelia, in what was then the Russian Empire. The town is currently a part of the modern-day Russian Federation. Geography aside, Pilecki\u2019s family were members of the Polish landed gentry before it was dismantled by the Tsar and committed Polish nationalists. In fact, his grandfather had been a supporter of the January Uprising, which was defeated and crushed by the Tsar in June of 1864. Because of this, he had his titles revoked and his land confiscated.", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nWhen the Russian Revolution broke out, Pilecki moved on to Vilnius, where he joined the Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus, a paramilitary group formed in the newly reconstituted Poland. Despite the name, the force was largely composed of Poles, who have an intertwined history with Lithuanians and Belarussians. He participated in disarming German troops and using their weapons against the advancing Red Army.", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nOnce the city fell to the Bolsheviks in January 1919, Pilecki and his remaining men resorted to guerrilla tactics behind enemy lines. They then retreated into Bia\u0142ystok, where Pilecki enlisted as a private in the new Polish Army. It was here that he continued the fight against the Red Terror during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919 through 1921. He took part in the Kiev Offensive as well as the decisive Battle of Warsaw, which largely halted the further spread of Communism into Eastern Europe for a generation", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nAt the end of the Polish-Soviet War he was moved into the reserves, where he completed his secondary education as well as received officer training after the war was over. In September 1926, he became a man in a sense \u2013 receiving the title to his family\u2019s ancestral estate, Sukurcze. The property had been badly damaged during the First World War, but he spent his time repairing and modernizing it.", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nDuring this period he built a reputation as a leader of his community, an amateur painter and a social worker. In 1938, this earned him the Silver Cross of Merit.\nContinue reading Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis at Ammo.com.\nJoin Liberty.me", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nAmmo.com believes that arming Americans - both physically and philosophically - helps them fulfill our Founding Fathers' intent with the Second Amendment: To serve as a check on state power. That the rights codified in our Bill of Rights were not given to us in a document, but by our Creator. That an unalienable right is God-given. It isn't granted by a president, a king, or any government - otherwise it can be taken away.", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nTo date Ammo.com's Resistance Library articles have been featured by USA Today, Reason, Bloomberg's Business Week, Zero Hedge, The Guardian, and National Review as well as many other prominent news and alt-news publications.\nA Liberty.me Publishing Site\nThoughts? Comments?\nPlease login or register to post a comment.\nA Brief Platform Committee (and Convention) Update\nIn my last post on these subjects, I noted that I was getting iffy on attending the \"second sitting\" of the Libertarian \u2026 [Read more]", "Witold Pilecki: The Inspiring Story of the Polish Spy Who Led a Resistance Against the Nazis\nby Thomas L. Knapp\nThe 2020 Libertarian National Convention is currently set to adjourn at 1pm tomorrow.\nThat would mean not getting the convention's business done.And it is COMPLETELY unnecessary, unlike past conventions whe\u2026 [Read more]\nContra Schneier\nBruce Schneier, at The Atlantic:Internet communications platforms -- such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube -- are cruci\u2026 [Read more]\nJoin now to be part of the conversation and get all the other great membership benefits of Liberty.me!"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.predsjednikrs.net/en/president-of-the-republic-of-srpska-extends-congratulations-to-ana-brnabic-on-the-occasion-of-her-election-as-the-prime-minister-of-the-republic-of-serbia/

President of the Republic of Srpska extends congratulations to Ana Brnabić on the occasion of her election as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbia

["President of the Republic of Srpska extends congratulations to Ana Brnabi\u0107 on the occasion of her election as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbia\nPresident of the Republic of Srpska extends congratulations to Ana Brnabi\u0107 on the occasion of her election as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbia\nThe President of the Republic of Srpska \u017deljka Cvijanovi\u0107 extended congratulations to Ana Brnabi\u0107 on the occasion of her election as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbia.", "President of the Republic of Srpska extends congratulations to Ana Brnabi\u0107 on the occasion of her election as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbia\n\u201cOn behalf of the citizens of the Republic of Srpska and on my own behalf, I extend sincere congratulations on the occasion of the election for the Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbia.\nI am convinced that, together with the ministers in the newly elected Government of the Republic of Serbia, you will continue to pursue a responsible and continuity policy, which will provide Serbia with further economic and overall development.", "President of the Republic of Srpska extends congratulations to Ana Brnabi\u0107 on the occasion of her election as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbia\nA strong and prosperous Serbia is extremely important for the Republic of Srpska and its citizens, as a regional leader and an unavoidable factor of peace and stability.\nGiven our strong ties in all fileds, from political and economic, to cultural and institutional, I would like to take this opportunity to point out my strong commitment to the continuous improvement and development of overall relations between the Republic of Srpska and the Republic of Serbia.", "President of the Republic of Srpska extends congratulations to Ana Brnabi\u0107 on the occasion of her election as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbia\nWith the sincere belief that the Republic of Serbia will successfully continue on the path of reforms, as well as further affirmation, both domestically and internationally, I cordially greet you and wish you much success in your future work\u201d, reads the congratulatory note by the President Cvijanovi\u0107."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://blog.heartland.org/2017/07/economic-ideas-the-ancient-incas-and-the-collectivist-state/

Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State

["Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nHome Budgets/Taxes Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nEconomic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nwritten by Richard Ebeling July 11, 2017\nRichard Ebeling is a professor of economics at Northwood University in Midland, Michigan.\nLatest posts by Richard Ebeling (see all)\nLiberalism, True and False - October 25, 2022\nIf America Were Totalitarian, Where Would You Want to Live? - September 29, 2022\nOut of Control Government and Isaiah\u2019s Job - August 29, 2022", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nExamples of government control over social and economic life are as old as recorded history, and they always have features that are universal in their perverse effects regardless of time or place. One of the most famous of these collectivist episodes was that of the Incas and their empire in South America.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe Inca Empire emerged out of a small tribe in the Peruvian mountains in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Theirs was a military theocracy. The Inca kings rationalized their brutal rule on the basis of a myth that the Sun god, Inti, took pity on the people in those mountains and sent them his son and other relatives to teach them how to build homes and how to manufacture rudimentary products of everyday life", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe later Inca rulers then claimed that they were the descendants of these divine beings and therefore were ordained to command and control all those who came under their power and authority", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe Inca Empire of Conquest and Collectivism\nThe fourteenth and especially the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries saw the expansion of the Incas into a great imperial power with control over a territory that ran along the west coast of South America and included much of present-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and parts of Argentina and Colombia. The Incas were brought down in the 1530s by the Spanish conquest under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe Inca kings, asserting to be both sons and priests of the Sun god, held mastery of all the people and property in his domains. And like most socialist systems throughout history they combined both privilege and egalitarianism. When the invading Spaniards entered the Inca capital of Cuzco, they were amazed by the grandeur of the palaces, temples, and homes of the Inca elite, as well as the system of aqueducts and paved roads.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nBut having an economy based on slave labor, there had been few incentives or profitable gains from the development of machines and tools to raise the productivity of the work force or reduce the amount of labor needed to perform the tasks of farming and manufacturing. Methods of production were generally primitively labor-intensive. Thus, the Spaniards, in comparison, were far better equipped with more advanced instruments of war to defeat the Incas.\nThe Inca Elite and the \u201cCommunism\u201d of the Common People", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe Inca society was rigidly constructed along hierarchical lines of power and privilege. The Incan ruling class, below the Inca Sun-god king, provided the membership for the bureaucratic administrators, the military officer corps, the priests and scholars. Beneath them were the Inca peasants, herdsmen and artisans; they also were used to settle newly conquered lands to assure Incan dominance over the defeated populations", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nAnd below them were the slaves, which according to Inca legend had originally been condemned to death, but out of mercy were reprieved from extermination to be lowly laborers in perpetual bondage.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe Inca rulers imposed on almost all in society a compulsory equalitarianism in virtually all things. In The Socialism Phenomena (1980), the Soviet-era dissident, Igor Shafarevich, (1923-2017) explained:", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe complete subjugation of life to the prescriptions of the law and to officialdom led to extraordinary standardization: identical clothing, identical houses, identical roads . . . As a result of this spirit of standardization, anything the least bit different was looked upon as dangerous and hostile, whether it was the birth of twins or the discovery of a strangely shaped rock. Such things were believed to be manifestations of evil forces hostile to society.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nTo what extent is it possible to call the Inca state socialist? . . . Socialist principles were clearly expressed in the structure of the Inca state: the almost complete absence of private property, in particular of private land; absence of money and trade; the complete elimination of private initiative from all economic activities; detailed regulation of private life; marriage by official decrees; state distribution of wives and concubines.\nThe Rigid and Detailed Planning of Everyday Life", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nAn especially detailed description of the nature and workings of the Inca state is found in the classic work, A Socialist Empire: The Incas of Peru (1927), by the French economist and historian Louis Baudin (1887-1964) The Incas ruled through a cruel and pervasive system of command and control over everyday life. Baudin explained:", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nEvery socialist system must rest upon a powerful bureaucratic administration. In the Inca Empire, as soon as a province was conquered, its population would be organized on a hierarchical basis, and the [imperial] officials would immediately set to work .", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\n.They were in general in charge of the preparation of the statistical tables, the requisitioning of the supplies and provisions needed by their group [over whom they ruled] (seeds, staple foods, wool, etc.), the distribution of the production of the products obtained, the solicitation of assistance and relief in case of need, the supervision of the conduct of their inferiors, and the rendering of complete reports and accounts to their superiors", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThese operations were facilitated by the fact that those under their supervision were obliged to admit them to their homes at any moment, and allow them to inspect everything in their homes, down to the cooking utensils, and even to eat with the doors open . . .", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe Inca bureaucracy cast its net over all those that it ruled and soon transformed them into docile and obedient subjects through a \u201cslow and gradual absorption of the individual into the state . . . until it brought about the loss of personality. Man was made for the state, and not the state for the man,\u201d Baudin said. The Incas tried to banish \u201cthe two great causes of popular disaffection, poverty and idleness . .", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nBut by the same token, they dried up the two springs of progress, initiative and provident concern for the future.\u201d The Inca government did all the thinking and planning for their subjects, with the result that there was a \u201cstagnation of commerce . . . lack of vitality and the absence of originality in the arts, dogmatism in science, and the rareness of even the simplest inventions.\u201d", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe Inca Welfare State and Human Inertia\nThis inertia was fostered through the institutions of the welfare state. \u201cAs for the provident concern for the future,\u201d Baudin asked,\u201c how could that have been developed among a people whose public granaries were crammed with provisions and whose public officials were authorized to distribute them in case of need? There was never a need to think beyond the necessities of the moment.\u201d", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nIn addition, the Inca welfare state undermined the motive for charity and any personal sense of responsibility for family or community:", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nBut what is even more serious is that the substitution of the state for the individual in the economic domain destroyed the spirit of charity. The native Peruvian, expecting the state to do everything, no longer had to concern himself with his fellow man and had to come to his aid only if required by law. The members of a community were compelled to work on the land for the benefit of those who were incapacitated; but when this task had been performed, they were free from all further obligations", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThey had to help their neighbors if ordered to do so by their chiefs, but they were obliged to do nothing on their own initiative. That is why, by the time of the Spanish conquest, the most elementary humanitarian feelings were in danger of disappearing entirely.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nLife was also reduced to a joyless existence of uniformity, security, and order that was imposed and guaranteed by the Inca bureaucracy. Baudin tried to answer the question: Was the average person happy under the rule of the Incan kings?", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nHe labored contently for a master whom he held to be divine. He had only to obey, without going to the trouble of thinking. If his horizon was limited, he was unaware of it, since he knew no other; and if he could not raise himself socially, he in no way suffered on that account, for he did not conceive that such a rise was possible", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nHis life followed its peaceful course, its monotony broken by periodic holiday festivals and by such events as marriages, military service, and compulsory labor service, all in strict accordance with regulations. The Indian had his joys and sorrows at fixed dates. Only illness and death persisted in escaping government regulation. It was a negative kind of happiness, with a few adversities and a few great joys. The empire produced what D\u2019Argenson called the \u201cmenagerie of happy men\u201d . .", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nIn the Inca state only the members of the ruling class and more especially the chief, could live a full life; outside of him and his family, men were no longer men, but cogs in the economic machine or figures in the official statistics.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nIt is for this reason that in his own interpretation of the Incas, Igor Shafarevich concluded that, \u201cThe Inca state seems to have been one of the fullest incarnations of socialist ideals in human history.\u201d", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nIn our own time the plague of government control has been no different. The totalitarian collectivist states of the twentieth century certainly matched in intensity and pervasiveness the comprehensively planned society of the ancient Incas. The \u201cdemocratic\u201d collectivism under which we live in the twenty-first century no less has its marks of similarity.\nOur Freedom Weakened under Political Paternalism", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThose who man the regulatory agencies in modern society supervise and oversee many, if not most, of our economic affairs from the processes of production to the stage at which we actually use the goods that are manufactured.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThey pry into and then proceed to regulate our personal and family affairs. They take responsibility for our welfare and our happiness, and try to guard us against all the trials and tribulations of everyday life. They watch over our schooling, care for us when we are ill, find work for us if we are unemployed, and pay us when we are without a job. They are concerned with our mental health, and police what we ingest", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nOne freedom after another has been incrementally abridged, weakened, and then taken away with the government now responsible for what had previously been in the domain of the individual and his own decision-making.\nBut in this, too, the process has been no different from what occurred under the Incas. Louis Baudin pointed out,", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe poison [of growing political paternalism] was not given to the Indians in massive doses that would have provoked a reaction, but was administered drop by drop, until it brought about the loss of personality . . . And whoever has formed the habit of passive obedience ends by being no longer able to act for himself and comes to love the yoke that is laid upon him", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nNothing is easier than to obey a master who is perhaps exacting, but who rules over all the details of life, assures one\u2019s daily bread, and makes it possible to banish all concern from the mind.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nIn place of a king ruling in the name of a divine Sun god we have an arrogant intellectual and political \u201cprogressive\u201d elite claiming to know what is the \u201cright side of history\u201d to which mankind under their guidance should be moving. In place of privileged Inca princes and priests fattened at the expense of slaves and obedient Inca commoners, we have networks of special interest groups using the power of political plunder to feed off the productive members of society", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nInstead of collectivized land and imposed compulsory work as under the Incas, we have a regulatory spider\u2019s web of controls and commands and prohibitions constraining and dictating how each of us may go about our lives with the private property we supposedly own, but which has been increasingly placed at the decision-making discretion of those who administer the interventionist state.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThe political planners and plunderers of today, like the ancient Inca collectivists of five hundred years ago, impose their rule and control through two essential means. As the French classical liberal economist, Yves Guyot (1843-1928), once observed: through \u201cthe suppression of private interest as the motive of human actions, and the substitution of altruism\u201d as the rationale for men\u2019s sacrifices and their loss of freedom to be compelled to serve the collective.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nMany, if not most, modern day \u201cprogressives\u201d and \u201cdemocratic socialists\u201d would, of course, deny any family resemblance to the cruelty, absolutism, and imperialist aggression of the Incas and their collectivist empire. Yet, the essence of the Inca system and the institutional prerequisites for achieving the goals of the social engineers nowadays remain essentially the same.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThey both require the subservience of the individual and his life \u2013 with his dreams, desires, hopes and peaceful ambitions \u2013 to the dictates of others who possess the power of coercion to make him bend and obey the compulsory orders of the political authority. They both require the abrogation of an individual\u2019s right to peacefully acquire and employ property as he thinks best to further his own interests and in free market associations with others.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nThey both require the presumption that the asserted interests of the group, collective or tribe come before and are superior to the purposes and goals of any one individual. The individual human being is made to seem small, far less than fully consequential, in comparison to the social mass whose imaginary interests come before his.", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nAnd in both the individual is indoctrinated with the belief that he must sacrifice for that presumed \u201cgreater good,\u201d and about which he should feel guilty if he fails to surrender himself to the \u201cgeneral welfare.\u201d Among the ancient Incas some were called upon to yield to their own execution as human sacrifices to placate the wishes and demands of the Sun god", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nIn the modern social welfare state, individuals are expected to give up their personal choices to fully live, act and interact as they peacefully would want, while others in military service are sometimes required to sacrifice their lives in the name of the \u201cnational interest.\u201d", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nFortunately, the human spirit is not as easily and permanently broken as the Incas believed they had succeeded in doing in their empire centuries ago, or the modern collectivists continue to try today. There is something also inside the individual that cherishes self-expression and retains the wish to be free. This inner force, if awakened, assures that liberty will never be completely extinguished.\n[Originally Published at the Future for Freedom Foundation]", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nEconomic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State was last modified: July 11th, 2017 by Richard Ebeling\nAncient IncasCommunismEconomic Ideas serieseconomicsgovernment controlHuman InertialibertarianismReconquistasouth americaSovietwelfare\nShould Report Cards Impersonally Judge Students\u2019 Personal Qualities?\nWednesday\u2019s Leftist Whine Fest: If You Pay Them, All Greed Is Forgiven\nHeartland Weekly \u2013 Bernie Sanders\u2019 Energy Hypocrisy\nThe Anti-Property Mindset The Internet Has Helped Foster \u2013 And Expand", "Economic Ideas: The Ancient Incas and the Collectivist State\nHeartland Weekly \u2013 Heartland Institute Experts React to FCC Repeal of Net Neutrality\nAustrian Monetary Theory vs. Federal Reserve Inflation Targeting\nIn The Tank (ep189) \u2013 Terrible Earth Day Predictions, Socialism, and Free to Choose Medicine\nLin Yutang, a Classical Liberal Voice for a Free China\nHeartland Daily Podcast \u2013 Berin Szoka: Government\u2019s Fight Against Zero-Rating and Consumer Choice\nFCC: Stand Strong and Implement Sound Internet Policy\nWarren\u2019s \u2018Ultra-Millionaire Tax\u2019 Is a Total Strike-Out"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://theburrenandbeyond.com/2015/04/09/irish-fairy-tales-1893/

Irish Fairy Tales - 1893

["Irish Fairy Tales - 1893\nIrish Fairy Tales \u2013 1893\nPosted on April 9, 2015 by The Burren and Beyond\nFreemans Journal 1st November, 1893 (abridged)\nKinvara Twilight\nPhoto: BO\u2019D\nMr W. B. Yeats delivered an interesting lecture on \u201cIrish Fairy Tales\u201d at 15 D\u2019Olier Street last evening, under the auspices of the Young Ireland League. Mr Henry Dixon presided.", "Irish Fairy Tales - 1893\nMr Yeats, who was received with applause, said that night was sacred to the fairies in general and to the phouca in particular. The phouca sometimes appeared as a horse, sometimes as a donkey, sometimes as an eagle and, indeed, took innumerable four-footed and two footed shapes.", "Irish Fairy Tales - 1893\nThe night of Samhain in old Pagan days was the commencement of winter, over which presided the phouca, whom the people considered the spirit of decay. They believed it was dangerous to go abroad on that night because the fairies might carry them off into their kingdom. That night also the dead were believed to come out of their graves and ride upon the white sea waves, and there were stories of fishermen, who, having escaped the waves and come ashore, found the dead grasping them from behind.", "Irish Fairy Tales - 1893\nMr Yeats related a number of interesting fairy tales and said that folklore afforded the most beautiful material for literature and they could not do better than encourage people to use it for such. Every country in the world had these beliefs and universal belief like that meant some universal need for it", "Irish Fairy Tales - 1893\nIf there was not deep down in the human soul some need to think about imaginary beings more beautiful and more powerful than the men and women they met in ordinary life, these things would not have arisen. Forelore gave a beautiful and most ample expression for their vast emotions \u2013 emotions which were always struggling to express themselves but were beaten down by the sordid interest of real life. Poets were folklorists who had listened to the voice of the people", "Irish Fairy Tales - 1893\nTagged: 1893, Fairy Tales, Folklore, Poets, Universal, W B Yeats\nPrevious Post Burren \u2013 1847\nNext Post An ancient Stronghold \u2013 1937"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060824/punjab1.htm

State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information

["State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nPUNJAB INDEX\nP U N J A B S T O R I E S\nDFO told to provide information under Act\nHoshiarpur, August 23\nThe state Information Commission has directed DFO, Hoshiarpur-cum-public Information Officer Hoshiarpur RR Kakkar to supply the information sought by former wildlife warden Gunraj Singh Saini. In an order passed today Chief Information Commissioner Rajan Kashyap has directed the DFO to deliver whatever information was identified and demanded by complainant Gunraj Singh.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Commissioner has also directed Mr Saini to visit the office of the DFO on any working day to seek the information.\nMr Gunraj Singh had filed a complaint before the state Information Commissioner after the DFO, Hoshiarpur sought the salary of his staff from him for providing the information sought under the Act.\nThe DFO had asked Mr Gunraj Singh to pay Rs 2220, Rs 7400 and Rs 5920, respectively, for various questions asked in three different communications under the right to information.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe said amount sought according to the DFO Hoshiarpur was the salary of his for the number of days they put in compiling the information.\nThe Chief Information Commissioner, had, however, held that the government officials cannot asked for the salary of employees engaged in compiling the information from the person seeking information under the Act. The officials can just ask for the xerox charges of the papers at a maximum rate of Rs 2 per page.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe present order has settled the issue that government officials cannot ask any other charges from citizens except the xerox charges.\nAnother information demanded by Mr Gunraj Singh related to an investigation in the case of poaching registered against him. The DFO Hoshiarpur had denied him the said information on the plea that this was the subject matter of criminal proceedings. The supply of information will hamper investigation in the case.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Chief Information Commissioner has stated on the issue that in cases where the specific orders of information officer have been made denying the information on any ground, the complainant is free to appeal under Section 19 of the Right to Information Act to the appellate authority. In the present case the appeal would lie before the conservator of forests and complainant may file an appeal before him.\nState a poor 29th in implementing schemes\nChandigarh, August 23", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Union Ministry on Programme Implementation has said Punjab has been placed at a low 29th rank \u2014 second from the bottom\u2014 among all states in India as far as the implementation of some programmes for the rural areas, the poor and the Scheduled Castes is concerned.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe state was found lagging behind badly on drinking water supply in villages, providing assistance to families of the Scheduled Castes and in building houses for the economically weaker sections, among other aspects monitored by the Government of India between April, 2005, and March, 2006", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nA report in this regard has been received here, said top officials , adding that the state government last week started its own exercise to find out how the state lagged behind while one of its neighbours, Himachal Pradesh, secured the first rank and Haryana the 15th.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Centre has praised Punjab for achieving \"very good\" results in the immunisation of children against DPT, polio and BCG , for managing its integrated child development scheme and for operational anganwadis.\nOnly Manipur has been placed behind Punjab at the 30th rank while states like UP, Bihar and Orissa, along with newly carved out states like Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, have raced ahead and met their targets.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nSources in the government said the departments where the performance had been adjudged as \"very poor\" by the Central Government have been asked to give detailed replies within the next few days. The reasons for non-implementation could be that funds were not released in time or the beneficiaries as in the case of families of the SCs could not be identified. It is possible that the departments also did not seek the release of funds", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nPunjab was given eight schemes to follow and targets were fixed. These included the provision of drinking water in 800 villages or clusters. The state managed to do it only in 417 villages or clusters. About 59,000 SC families were to be assisted while the state did so only in the case of 19,241 families. No house was constructed for the economically weaker sections and also for persons in the lower income group. The target was 2,850 and 1,800 houses, respectively, under the two categories", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nUnder the Indira Awas Yojana the state was to construct 11,081 houses. However, it achieved 61 per cent of the target and constructed 6,730 houses.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe state was also given a target of installing 40,000 pumpsets, but it installed only 17,421. It is possible that the state thought it imprudent to install so many pumpsets as the water table was falling. Also, the state could provide 336 biogas plants against a target of 500 plants, says the report and adds that in the sphere of the plantation of forests the target was not met. The state planted only 1,471 hectares of forests as against the target of 25,000 hectares.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nEven though the report has set the alarm bells ringing in the bureaucracy, Punjab fared badly last year also when it was 27th on the list. Haryana and Himachal Pradesh were placed at the ninth and first positions, respectively, last year.\n95 villages identified for sanitation project\nThe Punjab Government with the assistance of the World Bank would implement a water supply and environmental sanitation project in 6,500 villages across Punjab at a cost of Rs 1,819 crore.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Public Health Minister, Mr Harnam Das Johar, said that the project work, which would begin this year, would be completed within six years.\nTo start work on the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project, 500 villages would be selected in first phase from all 19 districts of the state. He added that 95 villages had already been identified for inclusion in the first group where implementation of works would start soon.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nPreference would be given to those villages which are affected by the problem of poor water quality or are not covered under any water supply scheme or where the existing water supply scheme needs augmentation. Villages where at least 50 to 75 per cent of the households demand private water connections, would also be given preference.\nFor sanitation works, preference would be given to villages which have been covered with water supply schemes but lack adequate provision for the disposal of waste.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nHe added that under this project, drainage of street water, sullage water, effluents of septic tank and liquid animal waste flowing from houses in open drains would be disposed through the underground sewerage system.\nThe sewage water collected in ponds would be treated through low cost bio-techniques and would be used for irrigation or fish farming.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nHe added that to avail this opportunity the gram panchayats may apply for inclusion of their village in the project by giving a resolution of the gram panchayat confirming their readiness to abide by the concept. The gram panchayats would be fully responsible for its operation and maintenance.\nCong infighting comes to the fore in bank election\nLalit Mohan\nGurdaspur, August 23", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe infighting in the Congress has come to the fore on the issue of election to the post of chairman of Gurdaspur Central Cooperative Bank. While one group comprising of Mr Raghunath Sahai Puri, Mr Tripat Rajinder Singh Bajwa and Mr Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa has declared their candidate for the post elected, the other group led by the PWD and Education Minister, Mr Pratap Singh Bajwa, was maintaining that the elections were yet to be held.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe informal elections to the post of chairman of cooperative bank were held by five directors belonging to the former group of Congress leaders on August 17. They declared Mr Vijay Pratap, brother of Mr Raghunath Sahi Puri, as chairman of the bank.\nHowever, the candidate supported by Mr Pratap Singh Bajwa group, Mr Ravinder Sharma, said the Registrar, Cooperative Societies, had postponed the elections scheduled on August 17. The registrar had issued the order in this regard on August 14.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe meeting of board of directors cannot be held without the presence of all directors. The other group got its candidate elected with just five directors present at the meeting, he alleged.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nCongress leaders in other group on the condition of anonymity said the order for postponing the election was not communicated to the directors. Since the order was not communicated, the election of Mr Vijay Pratap as chairman was valid. If some other person was now declared as elected, their chairman would move to the Punjab and Haryana High Court.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMeanwhile, sources here said the candidate supported by Mr Pratap Singh Bajwa today met the Chief Minister, Capt Amarinder Singh. He was expecting the intervention of the Chief Minister in the matter.\nThe ball was now in the court of the Chief Minister, sources in both the groups told The Tribune.\nKidnapped lambardar abandoned on roadside\nPathankot August 23", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr Prabhat Singh lambardar of Sarna village was kidnapped by some unidentified persons, kept in illegal confinement for two days before he was left near Damtal today.\nMr Prabhat Singh told reporters that on August 21 morning he left his house for tehsil office for routine work. Some persons stopped a vehicle and offered him lift to the tehsil office. On the way they addressed him by name lambardar he took them as his acquaintances. He boarded the vehicle.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nHowever, instead of dropping him near the tehsil office they drove the vehicle further. When he protested and demanded to be dropped near the tehsil office they put cloth on his face after which he became unconscious.\nHe regained consciousness after a day and noticed four persons surrounding him with three turbans and one clean-shaven. However, when he regained consciousness they forced him to take a drink after which he again lost consciousness.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nYesterday night at 8 pm he found himself lying beside a rural road near Damtal. He signalled an auto rickshaw driver to stop. The autorickshaw driver dropped him near the Chakki bridge from where he, rang up at his house.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe family members of the lambardar came to the spot and took him to a hospital in a semi-conscious state. The doctors later discovered small cuts had been given on the arms and neck of the lambardar allegedly by the kidnappers due to which he had lost blood. His condition is stated to be stable. The police is yet to register a case in the matter.\nTalwandi Sabo faces govt apathy\nPerneet Singh\nBathinda, August 23", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nEven as the state government has announced various development projects for Talwandi Sabo in the wake of the tercentenary celebrations of the compilation of Guru Granth Sahib on August 28-30, the township presents a picture of neglect.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nA team of The Tribune visited the holy town today amidst the euphoria surrounding the mega event. The town has no proper sewerage system for the past many years. A waterworks on its outskirts caters to the drinking water requirements of only half of its population. People in residential areas around Rori road, Veterinary Hospital-Kothiwala road, Nat road and Lelewala road don't have access to potable water.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nIn the absence of a sewerage disposal system, the town residents have been diverting their sewage to a couple of \u201cchhapars\u201d, which are hardly half a km from Takht Sri Damdama Sahib. Whenever it rains heavily, sewage water spills over the road passing through the middle of these \u201cchhapars\u201d. Sources said the authorities had dug a bore near the bus stand to dispose of sewage water into it, but that too has now come under a park developed as part of the ongoing kar sewa at the takht.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nGarbage dumps dot the town's localities and a foul smell emanates from them. Residents rue that waterlogging around the Takht during rain and choked sewers in localities were a regular feature. Similarly, streets were also in a bad shape.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe health services are no better, with only two doctors, including the SMO, working on a regular basis at the Civil Hospital. The hospital has two other doctors on deputation. It doesn't have a lady doctor. Six posts of doctor are lying vacant, while only three staff nurses were working against the sanctioned posts of seven. The hospital has a daily attendance 250 patients at the OPD, and it caters to health needs of the town's population of 15,000, apart from 15-20 nearby villages.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nOn the education front, the posts of principal, physics lecturer and chemistry lecturer are lying vacant at the government senior secondary school. Nacchatar Singh, a town resident, said: \u201cThe administration has merely laid a layer of premix on a couple of roads in the last two months prior to this historic occasion.\u201d He apprehended that the state government's announcements could remain unfulfilled as the Assembly elections were approaching.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nDeputy Commissioner Rahul Bhandari said the township had a sewerage system, which is defunct now. He said they had demanded Rs 15.5 lakh for retaining wall of \u201cchappars\u201d and sewage disposal, Rs 1.5 crore for enhancing the capacity of waterworks, Rs 75 lakh for roads and Rs 1.03 crore for streets from the state government. He said he would look into the shortage of staff at the hospital and the school.\nNo ban on colas in state: CM", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Punjab Chief Minister, Capt Amarinder Singh, today said that there would be no ban on the sale of Coca Cola and other soft drinks in the state. He said that the controversy regarding the presence of pesticides in soft drinks had been kicked off three or four times earlier also.\nThe state government had nothing to do with the game being played by one soft drinking company against the other, he said. \u201cI have been taking soft drinks since 1955 and nothing is wrong with my health,\u201d he added.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nIt may be mentioned that the Punjab Health Department had drawn samples of soft drinks from various parts of the state. These had been sent for testing to the Punjab Agricultural University. The results of the tests are awaited.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nCapt Amarinder Singh said that the tragedy of the country was the excessive use of pesticides for agricultural purposes. \u201cPesticides have been found in buffalo milk, in green vegetables, foodgrains and other eatables,\u201d he said. \u201cEveryone is aware of the fact that cauliflowers are washed in certain chemicals to make it more presentable to the customers.\u201d", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe sowing of Bt cotton had been introduced in the state to slash the use of pesticides, which had become a big threat to human health in certain areas of Talwandi Sabo from where a large number of cases of cancer had been reported, he said.\nReliance project on track: CM", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Punjab Chief Minister, Capt Amarinder Singh, today said that the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) was not speaking on the issue of the forcible cutting of hair of a Sikh student in Jaipur as the SAD was supporting the BJP which was the party in power in Rajasthan.\nHe said that the Rajasthan Government failed to take action against the culprits though the victim had brought the matter in the notice of the officers concerned.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nHe said that Mr Sukhbir Badal was raising a controversy with regard to the Reliance project in Punjab for political reasons. He said that the project was on track and its first hub would start working by the end of October. \u201cMr Mukesh Ambani is committed to invest Rs 3,500 crore in Punjab on this project,\u201d he added.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nHe said that Mr Parkash Singh Badal and his son, Mr Sukhbir Singh Badal, should forget that their party would return to power in the state. \u201cThe Congress would win the Assembly elections and I would stay in Punjab and not run away to any other country,\u201d he said reacting to Mr Sukhbir Badal\u2019s statement that Capt Amarinder Singh would leave the country after the Assembly elections. \u201cIn fact, I would stay in Chandigarh,\u201d he said, adding that he was not afraid of senior and junior Badal.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nSAD seeks probe into CM\u2019s Dubai visit\nThe Shiromani Akali Dal today asked the Union Ministry of Finance to initiate a probe into the recent visit of the Punjab Chief Minister, Capt Amarinder Singh, to Dubai.\nA press release of the SAD said that the party\u2019s general secretary, Mr Sukhbir Singh Badal, had written to the Income Tax Department demanding to know details of the Chief Minister\u2019s spending.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr Badal alleged that the visit was a sponsored trip at the special invitation of a Dubai-based real estate concern.\nRelief Act sought for debt-ridden farmers\nAmritsar, August 23\nThe recent decision of the state government to declare a one-time package of Rs 211 crore will not help solve the problem of agricultural indebtedness, which has become very serious in the light of farmers\u2019 suicides.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThis has been pointed out by Mr Kashmir Singh Patti, Chairman of the Sikh Gurdwara Judicial Commission, in a missive to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh.\nHe has emphasised that there is an urgent need for an agricultural indebtedness relief Act.\nHe has favoured that the Act cover all debts of farmers and include a provision for a debt conciliation board.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nAccording to him, a provision should be made so that creditors are not allowed to get interest more than the principal amount for any agricultural loan.\nHe has pointed out that creditors are well-to-do agencies and can pay huge amounts to get the best legal aid available to appeal and seek revision up to the Supreme Court.\nHe has noted that poor debtors cannot afford the best legal aid to defend themselves in higher courts, where fees of lawyers are exorbitant.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nHe has favoured a provision in the Act making all decisions of the board final and non-challengeable in court.\nAccording to him, violators of the Act should be imprisoned or fined or both and an offence under the Act should be cognisable and non-bailable.\nHe has opined that the Act will help the government check the exploitation of agricultural debtors by creditors.\nMLA-councillors row: MLA refutes charges\nNabha, August 23", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nLocal MLA and Punjab Infotech Chairman Kaka Randip Singh yesterday refuted the charges that Municipal Council President Pawan Kumar Garg was denied entry in the council building on Monday at his behest.\nTerming the entire episode unfortunate, he denied his involvement. He said following allegation of arbitrary style of working of Mr Garg by fellow councillors, Executive Officer Surjit Singh had asked him to face no confidence motion brought against him by 14 Congress councilors.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nHe said since it was his party\u2019s internal matter, he wanted to sort it out amicably and for that purpose he had called a meeting at Patiala. He claimed that no one reached the Municipal Council Office in time following which the Executive Officer postponed the meeting.\nWhen asked to comment on heavy deployment of the police at the council building and locking of its gates, he said the civil administration could answer you better on this account.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr Randip, who is scheduled to meet PPCC chief Shamsher Singh Dullo over this issue on Wednesday, also refused to comment on the protest dharna staged by his family members, but said it had pained him a lot.\nMann seeks speedy trial in female foeticide cases\nPatiala, August 23\nComing out strongly against the menace of female foeticide, the Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) has said a special court should be set up for the speedy trial of those who indulge in foeticide.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nIn a nine-page memorandum submitted to the Prime Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh, through the Patiala Deputy Commissioner, the SAD (A) chief, Mr Simranjit Singh Mann, demanded that the bail of former SGPC chief Jagir Kaur, who is allegedly involved in the murder of her daughter, should be cancelled. He said she should not be given permission to travel abroad.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr Mann added that, \u201cFoeticide as genocide is a big issue and we hold the Indian state squarely responsible for the menace daunting Punjab today. We have cogent reasons for doing so\u201d.\nMr Mann asked the Prime Minister to ensure action was taken against erring doctors and hospitals. He also questioned the efforts of the Human Resources Development Ministry and the state Education Ministry to bolster the education of the girl child.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nSpeaking out against Punjab Chief Minister Capt Amarinder Singh on the issue of female foeticide, Mr Mann said the Chief Minister had yet to make a statement on the issue of mass grave of foetuses found in Patran recently. He added \u201c This conspiracy of silence and impunity has definitely stirred us into action even though the Congress governments both at the state and the Centre continue to lay in deep slumber\u201d.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr Mann, in his memorandum, added that, \u201cEvery year in Punjab about one lakh girls die before they are born. This is not a figment of alarmist imagination but a levelheaded calculation by a senior Punjab bureaucrat, who has written a book of this subject. Anurag Aggarwal has got his figure from simple mathematics. With a gross birth rate of 3 per cent, Punjab should see 7 lakh births every year - 3.5 lakh females and an equal number of males", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMeasures to check female foeticide\nFerozepore, August 23\nTo check female foeticide, the district administration has started preparing lists of all women pregnant for three to five months. DC Dr Arvinder Singh, said ward-wise monitoring officers have been deputed in every sub-division of the district, to keep track of pregnant women and an eye on ultra-sound centres in their areas.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nHe said lists of pregnant women would be updated every month. He said all SDMs had been directed to make a list of ultrasound centres and maternity homes under their jurisdiction and crosscheck the \u2018F\u2019 forms furnished by these centres on a monthly basis.\nMunicipal staff oppose abolition of octroi", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe union of municipal employees, who jammed traffic on the local mall road for hours and brunt the effigies of the Punjab Government to lodge their protests against its proposed move to abolish octroi declared that if the state government did not drop the plan, they would stop providing essential services to the people.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe employees union representatives, who held today's agitation under the banner of the Punjab Municipal Workers Struggle Committee, said every time the concerned state government had been abolishing the octroi for their own political benefits and not for extending benefit to any section of society.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr Sardari Lal Sharma, president of the committee, alleged that the state Congress government had decided to abolish octroi from September 1, 2006, with the aim to collect election funds as the Assembly elections were approaching near.\nHe added that the employees demanded a CBI probe to find out the reasons as to why all governments abolished octroi in the last six months of their respective tenures.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nHe said when the Punjab and Haryana High Court had given the decision that any decision of the state government to abolish octroi was wrong then why the state government was doing the same. He said an appeal had been filed in the Supreme Court by the Punjab Government against the decision of the high court and its was yet to be decided.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr Balwinder Singh Sandhu, president, Punjab Karamchari Mahasangh, said if the state government had decided to abolish octroi then it should waive off electricity bills of the municipal councils and the Municipal Corporation, which they were supposed to pay on account of running the street lights.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr Ranjit Singh and Mr Rajinder Moga, both leaders of the union, said they were ready to take on the Punjab Government head on if it abolished the octroi. Mr Parkash Chand, president, Safai Majdoor Federation, said they would support the employees in their fight against the state government against abolition of octroi.\nMedicos protest against reservation", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe anti-reservationists today took to the streets once again to revive the agitation after the Union Cabinet gave the green signal to 27 per cent reservation to the OBCs in professional colleges throughout the country from the next academic session.\nThe medicos raised slogans against the reservation policy and the police high-handedness in Delhi yesterday where peaceful students were lathicharged on their way to the residence of Ms Sonia Gandhi.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThey blocked traffic and condemned the Union Minister for Human Resource Development, Mr Arjun Singh.\nAWWA week celebrations conclude\nA seminar on \u201cwomen awareness and empowerment\u201d was organised on the concluding day of the week-long celebrations to commemorate the inception of the AWWA at the military station here today.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMrs Rattandeep Brar, president, Chetak AWWA, inaugurated the seminar. She, along with a team of women, sensitised families of jawans on topics like stress, adolescence and time management and personality development.\nEarlier, a health education programme was held at the Military Hospital on August 21, during which experts delivered lectures on women\u2019s health, breast cancer and healthy\nMC removes encroachment years after court\u2019s verdict", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Municipal Corporation yesterday finally got removed encroachment on a prime land worth crores on upmarket Mall Road of the city.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nAccording to sources, the MC had earlier had failed to raze the illegal encroachment due to alleged political pressure. It was only after the intervention of Deputy Commissioner Rahul Bhandari, who took up the matter with the top officials of the Local Bodies Department, that the action was taken. He also discussed the issue with Municipal Commissioner N.S. Walia, following which the construction was demolished.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe sources said in 1973, the MC had proposed a 40-feet wide road from Mall Road to Mahavir Dal. At the start of Mall Road, a woman had a plot of 180 sq yds, which the MC had acquired and paid compensation to the owner. But the MC failed to take possession of the land. Later, she filed a case in the court, which she lost. At that time too, the MC failed to take possession due to which the land was further sold off and encroached upon by Amarjeet Mehta and Rajeev Kumar.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe MC again fought a legal battle over it and the court delivered its verdict in the corporation\u2019s favour, but the MC officials reportedly failed to take the land\u2019s possession. SDM S.K. Singla also probed into the matter early this year and had asked the MC to remove the encroachment.\nMedical service providers rue working conditions\nSangrur, August 23", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nNewly appointed medical service providers (doctors) seem to be a \u201cfrustrated\u201d lot in the absence of regular supply of medicines to their dispensaries, poor working conditions in the dispensaries, and non- fulfillment of their demands and promises, reportedly made by Punjab Finance Minister Surinder Singla to them early this month.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nTalking to The Tribune today, Dr Aslam Parvez, state president of the Rural Medical Service Providers Association (RMSPA), said Mr Singla had promised to them that they would be provided 60 per cent quota in the MD/MS entrance examinations in Punjab after the completion of three years of rural service. Their designation would be changed from service provider to medical officer (MO) with immediate effect. Maternity/sickness leaves would be granted to the service providers", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nDr Parvez also stated that in the absence of regular supply of medicines in adequate quantity to the rural dispensaries, the service providers in their respective dispensaries were facing problems.\nRaje\u2019s assurance to SGPC chief\nMs Vasundhra Raje, Chief Minister, Rajasthan, has suspended the SHO of the police station concerned in yesterday's Jaipur incident and assured the SGPC president, Mr Avtar Singh, that action would be taken against the culprits in this regard.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nDr Baljit Singh Cheema, secretary, SAD (Badal), here informed that a meeting between SGPC president and Chief Minister Rajasthan today took place in which Mr Gulab Singh Kataria, Home Minister, Mr Jasbir Singh, Agriculture Minister and DGP were present.\nHe said that the Chief Minister announced to write to the Central Government to take action against the principal of the school. Besides, the case, which was earlier booked under Section 365, had been changed to 367 of the IPC.\n56 water samples fail test", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nOut of 256 water samples collected by the Health Department from various places in this town, 56 samples were not found of the desired standards, revealed Dr Arvinder Singh, Deputy Commissioner, at a meeting of district officials here today.\nHe instructed officials of the Health Department to mark those water taps and other sources of drinking water with red colour samples of which had failed, so that public did not use the same.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe DC further stated that in future if any complaint regarding contaminated drinking water came to his notice, the Executive Engineer concerned of the Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board would be held responsible.\nThe DC also directed the Health Department to monitor quality of eatables provided by street vendors and kiosks especially situated near schools and colleges, if they fail to meet required standards of hygiene and health, the same", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nshould be destroyed and action initiated against the suppliers.\nIn the meeting, the DC also directed the SDMs to remove all encroachments on main, link and connecting roads as per directions of the Supreme Court. He said if heaps of garbage were found in any locality or roads, the SDM concerned would be held responsible for the lapse.\nRally for employment\nAs many as six organisations of youth held a protest march in order to express their grievances against the Congress government here yesterday.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe organisations were the Shahid Bhagat Singh Naujawan Sabha, Punjab, the Sarb Bharat Naujawan Sabha, the Punjab Students Federation, the All-India Students Federation, the All-India Youth League and the Krantikari Youth Federation.\nBoiler blast toll increases\nVinay Mehta, who was injured in the boiler blast in a textile-finishing factory in the Verka area on August 20, succumbed to his injuries in the hospital here today.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMeanwhile, the police has registered a case against the mill owners, Jojo and Kanav Khanna.\nJoginder, a migrant labour had died during a blast, while 10 others were injured. \u2014 OC\nExhibition on political events\nThe Vice-Chancellor of Punjabi University inaugurated an exhibition by Gurjind Sandhu here today.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nSpeaking about Gurjind Sandhu\u2019s creative illustrations of political events and mood swings of politicians, the VC termed his works as \u201c great artistic perceptions of the political scenario of the north region\u201d.\nSandhu\u2019s exhibition in the Art Gallery of Punjabi University, will be on from August to 23 to 27.\nFarmers not to be charged more than 18 pc interest", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Punjab Commission Agent Association has agreed to charge a maximum of 18 per cent rate of interest from farmers, a statement of the Punjab Government said today.\nThe Minister for Food and Supply, Mr Lal Singh, had met the President of the Arthiya Association, Mr Bal Krishan Singla, who assured him that strict action would be initiated against erring commission agents who charge more than 18 per cent rate of interest from farmers.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr Lal Singh said the association had also agreed to constitute a dispute settlement committee to redress the grievances of the farmers. It was also decided that the dispute settlement committee at market committee-level would be headed by the area SDM.\nThe secretary, market committee, Assistant Food and Supply Officer, a member of the Arthiya Association, elected representatives of the area and selected farmers would be other members of the committee.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nSimilarly, at the district-level, the dispute settlement committee shall have the Deputy Commissioner as its head while the District Mandi Officer, DFSO, President of District Arthiya Association and the elected representatives would be the other members of the committee.\nTwo Markfed officials suspended\nTwo officials of Markfed, Mr Charanjit Singh and Mr Laxmi Narayan, have been suspended, said a press note issued today by Mr G.S. Grewal, Managing Director.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe officials were posted at the branch office, Fazilka, where there was a shortage of 632 bags of wheat.\nThe officials had been charge-sheeted earlier also for causing damage to wheat stocks.\nAn FIR has been registered against them at Ferozepore under Sections 409 and 120 of the IPC.\nGrant released for five MCs\nFatehgarh Sahib, August 23\nThe state government has released Rs 393.60 lakh for five Municipal Councils of the district.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Sirhind Fatehgarh Sahib Council has been given a grant of Rs 123 lakh, Mandi Gobindgarh Rs 185.58 lakh, Bassi Pathana Council Rs 55.73 lakh, the Amloh Council Rs 21.66 Lakh and Khamano Rs 7.63 lakh.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe cheques have been handed over to the respective councils today, said Ms Jaspreet Talwar, Deputy Commissioner. She said with the release of the grant a new era of development would usher in the district. The grant has been given particularly for strengthening and widening of inner roads, construction of footpaths and beautification of the towns. In Fatehgarh Sahib footpaths will be constructed from the district Administrative Complex to Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib and to Bachat\nBhavan.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nSimilarly, in Sirhind town footpaths from Bassi Road to the town and in Bassi Pathana from the ITI to the hospital.\nThough the government is making efforts for the development of the district headquarters town Sirhind and has been releasing funds regularly, but the development is not visible due to the mismanagement in the council office.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nMr R.N. Sharma, president, Citizen's Welfare Council, has demanded that the money released by the government should be properly utilised so that the town may get a facelift and the residents may get all basic necessities.\nPunjab Govt revives education journal\nChandigarh August 23", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Punjab Government has revived a 30-year-old journal of higher education. The journal 'Punjab Education' was started by the Department of Higher Education in the early 1970s but went out of print after a few years. The Directorate of Public Instructions (DPI), Colleges, is now reviving the journal re-naming it as 'Education Punjab'", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe first issue of the new journal would be released within this fortnight. The journal would be published twice a year and would be a referred journal of the Education Department of Punjab.\n\"The first volume of the journal has over 20 research papers in English, Punjabi and Hindi. These articles have been received from all over the state. Academics were asked to contribute their research papers for publication for the first volume,\" said Mr Kanwarjit Singh, DPI (Colleges), Punjab.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe DPI pointed out that the journal would not limit itself to articles written by researchers in Punjab but from across the country.\n\"The whole idea is to choose the best from the lot. Also we intend to promote research at the level of college teachers,\" he said.\nThe articles would be reviewed by an Editorial Board which would be selecting them for publication. While the publisher and printer would be the DPI himself the Secretary, Higher Education, Punjab, would be the patron of the journal.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nInitially 500 copies of the journal would be printed. These would be made available to the libraries across the state and also would be available for subscription from the DPI's office.\nThe first volume has articles in all the three languages and since it is the introductory volume, most of these are dealing with the various aspects of education in the state.\nPunjabi journalists from Canada attend seminar", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nThe Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Punjabi University, organised a seminar on \u201c\u2018Punjabi journalism abroad\u201d here today.\nMr Amar Singh Bhullar, Editor , Parvasi Hamdard and Quomantry Pardesi, both Canada-based papers, was the chief guest while Dr Pishora Singh, a Sikh scholar from Canada, and Mr Baltej Pannu, former Editor of Nagara, a weekly paper from Vancouver, were among the other guests.", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nDr H.P.S. Walia of the Department of Mass Communication and Journalism, said : \u201cJournalists working abroad have to manage their livelihood as well as work for society and also survive the competition in this field.\u201d\nMr Bhullar said, \u201cPunjabi journalism has developed a lot in foreign countries, particularly Canada. Punjabis there are keen to know about the news of Punjab just as we are keen to know about the happenings there.\u201d", "State Information Commission directs DFO to supply information\nDr Pishora Singh said Punjabis had established themselves abroad and because of their efforts, Punjabi had become the third most important language after English and French.\nHOME PAGE | Punjab | Haryana | Jammu & Kashmir | Himachal Pradesh | Regional Briefs | Nation | Opinions |\n| Business | Sports | World | Mailbag | Chandigarh | Ludhiana | Delhi |\n| Calendar | Weather | Archive | Subscribe | Suggestion | E-mail |"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/57676/

Case report: the man in the farmhouse – Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death

["Case report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death\nCase report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death\nMagni, P.A., Ghizzoni, O., Linarello, P. and Gualtieri, P. (2008) Case report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death. In: 6th Meeting European Association for Forensic Entomology (EAFE), 20 - 24 May 2008, Kolymbari, Crete.", "Case report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death\nAt the end of April 2007, a male corpse was found inside a deserted farmhouse near Agli\u00e8, a small municipality in the district of Turin. The man didn\u2019t have any identity documents on him and his body was in advance decay stage. He was found in a empty room of the farmhouse, he was wearing many layers of winter clothes and he was huddleded up on one side, lying on a plastic curtain. On the corpse and in the room there were plenty of necrophagous insects", "Case report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death\nFor this reason, beside the autopsy, forensic entomological examinations were made. From the description of physical features as well as the clothes, we assumed that he might have been a man that went missing in February 2007, from an elderly residence. He was under psychotropic treatment. The pathological exams made also by X-rays didn\u2019t detect any fractures or lesions which might have caused his death. The toxicological exams were made on hair sample of the victim as well as larvae and pupae samples", "Case report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death\nThe insects found were used for PMI estimation. Following Diptera and Coleoptera species were found: Calliphora vicina, Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia Caesar and Fannia sp. at different instars (from III to pupae), Necrodes sp., Dermestes sp., Necrobia sp., Creophilus sp. and Coleoptera Histeridae larva e and adults. Also species of Hymenoptera Formicidae, Hymenoptera parasites and mites were found", "Case report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death\nDNA typing was made using maggot crop and some of the arm bones compared with a bath sponge the man had used in the elderly residence. The DNA of crop contents couldn\u2019t help us probably because of the high stage of decomposition of the body, but we could confirm that the cadaver was the missing man using bones and sponge samples. The colonization interval (C.I.) dated back to the beginning of March 2007", "Case report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death\nThe toxicological exams on hair samples testified that the man was an habitual user of Delorazepam, but entomotoxicological exams showed the presence of Lorazepam in larvae and pupae. The presence of Lorazepam in the insect samples allowed us to assume that the man had taken this farmaceutical treatments shortly before dying", "Case report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death\nThe death caused by benzodiazepine intoxication is a rare event and it is possible only if the condition of the body is compromised by other pathological situation, using anti-depressive medicine and alcohol. In this case, due to the condition of the corpse, it wasn\u2019t possible to have information about the alcoholemy, but it could not be excluded", "Case report: the man in the farmhouse \u2013 Effective support of entomotoxicological exams to identify causes of death\nThe body position in which the corpse was found and the presence of the drug allowed us to suppose that the man had died as a consequence of significant benzodiazepine intoxication happened before the death, characterized by an initial phase of lethargy, and followed by coma."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://hefeiconnect.com/practice-test-9-4/

The Leather Goods Production Process

["The Leather Goods Production Process\nThe diagram below shows how leather goods are produced. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and making comparisons where relevant.\nWrite atleast 150 words.\nThe diagram shows the different stages in the process of converting an animal hide into leather goods.", "The Leather Goods Production Process\nThe first stage is to hang out the hide on a line in the open air to dry. After this, it is transported by lorry to the factory for processing. On arrival, it is submerged in vats of soap and water and washed and then transferred to another vat where it is soaked in lime. Having been cleaned in this way, the hide is then sent to a large rolling machine where it is smoothed and flattened. In the next stage, it is submerged in a liquid called tannin, which is a mixture of vegetable matter and water", "The Leather Goods Production Process\nNext comes the polishing stage, where small rollers are moved over the surface to produce a shine. The leather is then transported to a different factory where it is manufactured into the leather products we see in the shops, for example, shoes, handbags, and sports equipment."]

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James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk

["James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nJAMES O'MEARA vs. SAMUEL G. ADAMS & others.\nDecember 13, 1932, June 26, 1933 - June 28, 1933\nPresent: Rugg, C.J., Crosby, Pierce, Field, & Lummus, JJ.\nNegligence, In hoisting; Assumption of risk. Evidence, Matter of conjecture.", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\n152, \u00a7\u00a7 15, 18, for personal injuries sustained when the plaintiff, while assisting a fellow employee of a teamster, who was under subcontract to transport wool to a warehouse of the defendant, was struck by a bag of wool which fell from a wagon driven by the fellow employee after the fellow employee, preparatory to arranging a sling about it for hoisting it had given a signal to a \"whipman\" employed by the defendant to t;ke up the slack in the sling and the slack had been taken up, averdict was ordered for the defendant, and upon exceptions by the plaintiff, it was held, that", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\n(1) A finding was required by the evidence that the plaintiff was an expert in the trucking of wool, and as such expert knew that injury such as that which he suffered was an incidental risk of his employment which he assumed;\n(2) Furthermore, upon the evidence, the question, whether the falling of the bag was due to negligence of the defendant's whipman or of the plaintiff's fellow employee, was left to conjecture;\n(3) The verdict properly was ordered.\nTORT. Writ dated March 17, 1931.", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nIn the Superior Court, the action was tried before Donnelly, J. Material evidence is described in the opinion. The judge ordered a verdict for the defendants. The plaintiff alleged exceptions.\nJ. E. Hannigan, (M. Rosenthal with him,) for the plaintiff.\nF. J. Carney, (W. J. Killion with him,) for the defendants.", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nPIERCE, J. This is an action of tort brought under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 152, \u00a7\u00a7 15, 18, to recover damages for personal injuries sustained on June 29, 1929, by James O'Meara through alleged negligence of the defendants on premises controlled by the defendants.", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nOn June 29, 1929, O'Meara was employed by the R. S. Brine Transportation Company, a subcontractor of Hoyt and Parker. The contractor and subcontractor were corporations engaged in teaming and trucking. The American Mutual Liability Insurance Company as insurer of the R. S. Brine Transportation Company paid compensation to O'Meara for such injuries and under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\n152, \u00a7 15, brought this action in the name of O'Meara to enforce the alleged liability of the defendants who are copartners and do business as wool merchants, under the name of Adams and Leland, at certain warehouses on Summer and A streets, South Boston. At the time of the accident to O'Meara they were insured under the workmen's compensation act by the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company which was authorized to do business in this Commonwealth", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nIn every warehouse they posted written notices prepared by the insurance company, signed by Adams and Leland, \"that they are insured under the workmen's compensation act.\" O'Meara had not made any reservation of his common law rights. He claimed and received compensation under the workmen's compensation act from the American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, the insurer of his employer, R. S. Brine Transportation Company. At the", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nclose of the evidence the defendants moved for a directed verdict in their favor and assigned as reasons therefor: \"1. Upon all the evidence the plaintiff is not entitled to recover. 2. There is no evidence of negligence on the part of the defendants. 3. The plaintiff was not in the exercise of due care. 4. Under G. L. c. 152, the plaintiff has failed to make out a case. 5. The plaintiff cannot maintain an action under G. L. c", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\n152, \u00a7 18, and no evidence has been introduced which, as matter of law, brings the plaintiff within said exception.\" \"The court granted this motion upon the first, fourth and fifth grounds, subject to the plaintiff's exception.\" The case is before this court on the plaintiff's exceptions to the allowance of the motion for a directed verdict, the reasons assigned therefor being immaterial, White v. E. T. Slattery Co. 236 Mass", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nThe material facts shown by the record are in substance as follows: The defendants handled domestic and foreign wools, some of which were purchased by and some consigned to them. All the wool was shipped f. o. b. at the shipping point and came by rail or boat to Boston. The defendants had no means of transporting their wool from the terminals to their warehouses, nor any means of trucking it from warehouse to warehouse where grading was to be performed, although some dealers in wool had such facilities", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nThey dealt principally in grease wool which was shipped in bags \"varying in size and weight, running from four hundred to five hundred pounds, about six feet long and two feet in width.\" A bag contained forty to fifty fleeces, each weighing five to ten pounds and each tied up separately. On June 28, 1929, the defendants received a large shipment of wool from Idaho", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nThey gave orders to Hoyt and Parker, an established trucking concern which had hauled wool for the defendants for a long time under \"a uniform price,\" to transport the wool from yard number 5 of the New Haven Railroad to the warehouse of the defendants on A Street,", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nSouth Boston. Hoyt and Parker arranged with R. S. Brine Transportation Company to do part of this work. Under these agreements it was the duty of Hoyt and Parker and of the R. S. Brine Transportation Company not only to transport the wool from the terminal railroad station, but through their employees to assist the defendants' employees in hoisting the wool into the defendants' warehouses. Hoyt and Parker were paid by the defendants, who had nothing to do with the paying of the R. S", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nAll wool transported to any of the defendants' warehouses was hoisted directly from the truck or team to the desired floor of the warehouse by means of a suspended cable which comes through the top of the building, over a big pulley, and is operated by an electrically driven hoisting and lowering device called a whip. The whip is controlled by one of the defendants' servants, who stands with his right hand on it at the opening of the floor onto which the wool is to come or from which it is to go", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nWhen a truck or team is to be unloaded, the cable, with a hook attached, is lowered by the defendants' employee to the driver of the truck to be unloaded which has been placed directly under the cable. When this is lowered the hook carries down two slings, made of strong rope, slightly longer than the circumference of a bag of wool, with a small loop at each end. The hook in use is passed through both loops of the sling and secures the sling when passed around the bag by the driver", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nAfter the wagon rope is loosened one of these slings is placed under the end of a bag by the teamster, who decides where it is to be placed; if placed too near the end the bag will fall when the cable is hoisted", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nAfter placing the first sling ordinarily the teamster signals to the whipman to take a \"strain,\" which means to \"pull a little to take the slack of the rope to see if it will hold.\" If the teamster cannot get the sling underneath the bag far enough from the end to carry it up safely, he signals to raise the cable slightly, to \"take a strain,\" and when one end of the bag has been slightly elevated he places the other sling nearer its center and then directs the whipman", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nto lower the bag. When this is done the driver unfastens the first sling and fastens it to the second sling, and directs the whipman to elevate the bag of wool, saying, \"Let her go, take her up.\" \"Go ahead.\" The operator stands close to the whip at the opening of the floor above the load looking down at the movements of the teamster.", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nThe course of business above related was followed up to a time immediately preceding the accident to O'Meara, then a team driven by one Pelham, an employee of the R. S. Brine Transportation Company, was backed up under the hoisting apparatus preparatory to the discharge of its load", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nO'Meara, who was the driver of the second load and in the employ of the transportation company, in the performance of his duty left his team and went into the defendants' yard to aid his fellow employee, one Pelham, in unloading his (Pelham's) truck. Pelham was on top of the load above O'Meara's head where he could not be seen by O'Meara. Pelham unfastened the rope that bound the load of his team, from the inside, while O'Meara untied it on the forward part of the right hand side", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nPelham threw the rope which was forty to fifty feet long to O'Meara, who turned his back to the wagon and to the cable and started to walk away toward the street, rolling up the rope, when something struck him. Meanwhile, the defendants' whipman, who was at the third floor opening looking at Pelham and O'Meara, lowered the cable with the two slings on the hook. Pelham testified in substance as follows: He stood on the second bag with his right foot on the fourth bag", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nHe had the two slings, and got hold of the mouth of the third bag with his left hand. He had a hook in his right hand. He pulled and \"kind of lift the bag,\" resting it on his leg just enough, probably a foot above the top of the second and fourth bag of the third tier. He put the sling under the bag and let go, and it settled back to the place where he pulled it up", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nHe got the hook from the sling and put the left hand loop of the sling on first, then he took the right hand rope of the same sling and put it on the hook. Meantime, he was standing on the fourth bag ready when the bag would be high enough", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nto put the hook in both slings. The cable was about eight or ten feet above his head where he was standing. Some people take a strain at two feet, some at a foot, some at six inches. He saw the man on the whip and said, \"Take a strain.\" The purpose of the strain is to tighten up a cable, in the meantime taking a lift, so the teamster can get any one of the slings under the bag", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nIn this instance the man at the whip lowered the cable, Pelham put on the first sling, and said, \"Take a strain.\" He took a strain and the bag went over into the area. \"It was too much of a strain and it threw over.\" He did not see O'Meara at that time and did not know the bag hit him. The witness was too near the wall, because he started to pull or back into the wall. He went over to see where the bag went, and there was O'Meara on the ground", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nA witness for the plaintiff testified as follows: The purpose of the two slings is that, when taking up one bag it gives the teamster a chance to put on one sling - if he can't get it under far enough he generally puts one on and tells the whipman to take a strain and he puts the next sling back a little, then he unhooks the first one and puts in the second one; sometimes they do not have to do that, they can get the rope far enough back so they can hook it; sometimes they cannot get it back far enough; the first bag that they take out of the load it is pretty hard to get a sling in far enough to take it up and many times, if they stick, they take a strain and put it farther in; if instead of straining the whip is given an impetus to draw the bag up as if it were going to be hauled up, the result in that case where the sling is only on one end (as here), if it is taken up quickly, is that it is apt to throw the bag out on to the street, on to the ground if the mouth (as it was here) is toward you, but if it", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nthe sling is only on one end (as here), if it is taken up quickly, is that it is apt to throw the bag out on to the street, on to the ground if the mouth (as it was here) is toward you, but if it is opposite you it is apt to send it toward the building.", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nThe evidence required a finding that O'Meara was an expert in the trucking of wool, and as such expert knew how wool trucks were loaded and how such trucks were unloaded by servants of the owners of the wool in collaboration", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nwith servants of hired transportation truckmen. He described the hoisting device which was in use at Adams and Leland's place and stated that he had delivered wool there before, had seen the whip (cable) at work there; \"that at other places he had seen the whip at work because it is the usual and customary way of lifting the bags off the trucks.\" He described with great particularity the way the whip works and the duties of the operator of the whip when called to act by the teamster", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nOn the evidence it is obvious he knew that one of the incidental risks of unloading the bags was that the cable might be raised with an impetus which would probably cast a bag of the wool from a single sling if that sling were placed too near the mouth of the bag, and that slipping out the bag would fall into the area either to the left or to the right of the truck, the place depending on the position of the bag on the load", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nIt is plain on O'Meara's testimony that he had full knowledge of the dangers attendant upon the operation of the whip and assumed the usual risks of injury therefrom", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nMoreover, on the evidence most favorable to the plaintiff, it cannot reasonably be found that the slipping of the bag from the sling was not due entirely to the act of Pelham in not putting the sling in far enough, rather than due to the strain put upon the whip by the whipman; in a word the cause of the casting out of the bag rests in conjecture. Trim v. Fore River Ship Building Co. 211 Mass. 593, 595", "James O'Meara v. Samuel G. Adams & others - Negligence, In Hoisting; Assumption of Risk\nIt follows that the plaintiff has not sustained the burden of proving that the whip was so negligently operated as to cause the bag to fall and strike the plaintiff."]

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https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Imagism

Imagism

["Imagism\nImagism was a movement in early twentieth century Anglo\u2013American poetry that favored precision of imagery, and clear, sharp language, as opposed to decorous language and unnecessary meter and rhyme. The Imagists rejected the sentiment and artifice typical of much Romantic and Victorian poetry. This was in contrast to their contemporaries, the Georgian poets, who were by and large content to work within that tradition", "Imagism\nGroup publication of work under the Imagist name in magazines and in four anthologies, appearing between 1914 and 1917, featured writing by many of the most significant figures in Modernist poetry in English, as well as a number of other Modernist figures who were to be prominent in fields other than poetry.", "Imagism\nBased in London, the Imagists were drawn from Britain, Ireland, and the United States. Though somewhat unusual for the time, the Imagists featured a significant number of women writers amongst their major figures. Historically, Imagism is also significant because it was the first organized Modernist literary movement or group in the history of English literature. In the words of T.S", "Imagism\nEliot; \"The point de rep\u00e8re usually and conveniently taken as the starting-point of modern poetry is the group denominated 'imagists' (sic) in London about 1910.\"", "Imagism\nAt the time Imagism emerged, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Alfred Lord Tennyson were considered the paragons for poetry, and the public valued the moralizing and didactic tone of their writings. In contrast, Imagism called for a return to what were seen as more Classical values, such as directness of presentation, economy of language, and a willingness to experiment with non-traditional verse forms", "Imagism\nThe focus on the \"thing in itself\" (an attempt at isolating a single image to reveal its essence) also mirrors contemporary developments in avant-garde art, particularly Cubism.", "Imagism\n1 Pre-Imagism\n2 Early publications and statements of intent\n3 Des Imagistes\n4 Some Imagist Poets\n5 The Imagists after Imagism\n6 Legacy", "Imagism\nAlthough the Imagists as a cohesive group only existed for a very brief time, the legacy of Imagism to American and English-language poetry is immense. Imagism is generally credited with opening the field of English-language verse, allowing new and experimental styles of poetry to flourish. The Georgian Poets, whom the Imagists opposed, are almost entirely discredited today, and virtually all English-language poetry of the twentieth century can trace its influence back to the seminal work of the Imagists.", "Imagism\nDuring the first ten years of the twentieth century, while Alfred Austin was the serving British Poet Laureate, poetry had a large audience. Volumes of verse published during the decade include Thomas Hardy's The Dynasts, Christina Rossetti's posthumous Poetical Works, Ernest Dowson's Poems, George Meredith's Last Poemsm, Robert W. Service's Ballads of a Cheechako, and John Masefield's Ballads and Poems", "Imagism\nFuture Nobel Prize for Literature winner, William Butler Yeats, was devoting much of his energy to the Abbey Theater and writing for the stage, producing relatively little lyric poetry during this period. In 1907, the Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Rudyard Kipling. In general, the poetry of the period was formally traditionalist and decorous in content. These literary figures and values provided the context that Imagists emerged in as a self-consciously avant-garde movement.", "Imagism\nThe origins of Imagism are to be found in two poems, \"Autumn\" and \"A City Sunset\" by T. E. Hulme. These were published in January 1909, by the Poets' Club in London, in a booklet called For Christmas MDCCCCVIII. Hulme was a student of mathematics and philosophy; he had been involved in the setting up of the Club in 1908, and was its first secretary. Around the end of 1908, he presented his paper, A Lecture on Modern Poetry, at one of the Club's meetings. Writing in A. R", "Imagism\nOrage's magazine, The New Age, the poet and critic F. S. Flint (a champion of free verse and modern French poetry) was highly critical of the club and its publications. From the ensuing debate, Hulme and Flint became close friends", "Imagism\nIn 1909, Hulme left the Poets' Club, and started meeting with Flint and other poets in a new group, which Hulme referred to as the \"Secession Club;\" they met at the Eiffel Tower restaurant in Soho to discuss plans to reform contemporary poetry through the elimination of all excessive verbiage, and the use of forms such as free verse and the tanka and haiku.", "Imagism\nIn April 1909, the American poet Ezra Pound was introduced to this group and found that their ideas were close to his own. In particular, Pound's studies of Romance literature had led him to an admiration of the condensed, direct expression that he detected in the writings of Arnaut Daniel, Dante, and Guido Cavalcanti, among others", "Imagism\nFor example, in his 1911/12 series of essays I Gather the Limbs of Osiris, Pound writes of Daniel's line \"pensar de lieis m'es repaus\" (\"it rests me to think of her\") (from the canzone En breu brizara'l temps braus): \"You cannot get statement simpler than that, or clearer, or less rhetorical.\" These criteria of directness, clarity, and lack of rhetoric were to be amongst the defining qualities of Imagist poetry.", "Imagism\nIn a 1928 letter to the French critic and translator Ren\u00e9 Taupin, Pound was keen to emphasize another ancestry for Imagism, pointing out that Hulme was, in many ways, indebted to the Symbolist tradition, linking back via W. B. Yeats, Arthur Symons, and the 1890s generation of British poets to Mallarm\u00e9", "Imagism\nIn 1915, for instance, Pound edited the poetry of another British 1890s poet, Lionel Johnson, in the introduction which, he wrote, \"no one has written purer Imagisme than [Johnson] has, in the line 'Clear lie the fields, and fade into blue air.' It has a beauty like the Chinese.\"", "Imagism\nIn 1911, Pound introduced two other poets to the Eiffel Tower group, his ex-fianc\u00e9e Hilda Doolittle (who had started signing her work H.D.) and her future husband, Richard Aldington. These two were interested in exploring Greek poetic models, especially Sappho, an interest that Pound shared. The compression of expression that they achieved by following the Greek example complemented the proto-Imagist interest in Japanese poetry, and, in 1912, during a meeting in the British Museum tea room, Pound told H.D", "Imagism\nWhen Harriet Monroe started her Poetry magazine in 1911, she had asked Pound to act as foreign editor. In October 1912, he submitted three poems, each by H.D. and Aldington, under the Imagiste rubric. Aldington's poems, \"Choricos.\" \"To a Greek Marble,\" and \"Au Vieux Jadrin,\" were in the November issue of Poetry and H.D.'s, \"Hermes of the Ways,\" \"Orchard,\" and \"Epigram,\" appeared in the January 1913 issue; Imagism as a movement was launched", "Imagism\nThe April issue published what remains one of the most striking and influential of Imagist works, the incredibly brief, haiku-like poem of Ezra Pound entitled \"In a Station of the Metro:\"", "Imagism\nThe apparition of these faces in the crowd:\nThe March issue of Poetry also contained Pound's A Few Don'ts by an Imagiste and Flint's Imagisme. The latter contained this succinct statement of the group's position:\nDirect treatment of the \"thing,\" whether subjective or objective.\nTo use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation.\nAs regarding rhythm: To compose in sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of the metronome.", "Imagism\nPound's note opened with a definition of an image as \"that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time.\" Pound goes on to state that It is better to present one Image in a lifetime than to produce voluminous works", "Imagism\nHis list of don'ts reinforced Flint's three statements, while warning that they should not be considered as dogma but as the \"result of long contemplation.\" Taken together, these two texts comprised the Imagist program for a return to what they saw as the best poetic practice of the past.", "Imagism\nDes Imagistes\nDetermined to promote the work of the Imagists, and particularly of Aldington and H.D., Pound decided to publish an anthology under the title, Des Imagistes. This was published in 1914, by the Poetry Bookshop in London. In addition to ten poems by Aldington, seven by H.D., and six by Pound, the book included work by Flint, Skipwith Cannell, Amy Lowell, William Carlos Williams, James Joyce, Ford Madox Ford, Allen Upward, and John Cournos.", "Imagism\nPound's editorial choices were based on what he saw as the degree of sympathy that these writers displayed with Imagist precepts, rather than active participation in a group as such. Williams, who was based in the United States, had not participated in any of the discussions of the Eiffel Tower group. However, he and Pound had long been corresponding on the question of the renewal of poetry along similar lines", "Imagism\nFord was included at least partly because of his strong influence on Pound as the younger poet made the transition from his earlier, Pre-Raphaelite-influenced, style towards a harder, more modern way of writing.", "Imagism\nThe following year, Pound and Flint fell out over their different interpretations of the history and goals of the group, arising from an article on the history of Imagism written by Flint and published in The Egoist, in May 1915. Flint was at pains to emphasize the contribution of the Eiffel Tower poets, especially Storer. Pound believed that the \"Hellenic hardness\" in the poems of H.D", "Imagism\nand Aldington would be diluted by the \"custard\" of Storer, and after the falling-out, Pound would divorce himself from the Imagist movement. Pound went on instead to co-found the Vorticists with his friend, the painter and writer Wyndham Lewis.", "Imagism\nAround this time, the American Imagist Amy Lowell moved to London, determined to promote her own work and that of the other Imagist poets. Lowell was an enthusiastic champion of literary experiment who was willing to use her money to publish the group. Lowell was determined to change the method of selection from Pound's autocratic editorial attitude to a more democratic manner", "Imagism\nThis new editorial policy was stated in the Preface to the first anthology to appear under her leadership: \"In this new book we have followed a slightly different arrangement to that of our former Anthology. Instead of an arbitrary selection by an editor, each poet has been permitted to represent himself by the work he considers his best, the only stipulation being that it should not yet have appeared in book form.\"", "Imagism\nThe outcome was a series of Imagist anthologies under the title, Some Imagist Poets. The first of these appeared in 1915, planned and assembled mainly by H.D. and Aldington. Two further issues, both edited by Lowell, were published in 1916 and 1917.", "Imagism\nLowell persuaded D. H. Lawrence to contribute poems to the 1915 and 1916, volumes, making him the only writer to publish as both a Georgian poet and an Imagist. Marianne Moore also became associated with the group during this period. However, with World War I as a backdrop, the times were not easy for avant-garde literary movements (Aldington, for example, spent much of the war at the front), and the 1917 anthology effectively marked the end of the Imagists as a movement.\nThe Imagists after Imagism", "Imagism\nIn 1929, Walter Lowenfels jokingly suggested that Aldington should produce a new Imagist anthology. Aldington, by now a successful novelist, took up the suggestion and enlisted the help of Ford and H.D. The result was the Imagist Anthology 1930, edited by Aldington and including all the contributors to the four earlier anthologies with the exception of Lowell, who had died, Cannell, who had disappeared, and Pound, who declined", "Imagism\nThe appearance of this anthology initiated a critical discussion of the place of the Imagists in the history of twentieth century poetry.", "Imagism\nOf the poets who were published in the various Imagist anthologies, Joyce, Lawrence, and Aldington are now primarily remembered and read as novelists. Marianne Moore, who was at most a fringe member of the group, carved out a unique poetic style of her own that retained an Imagist concern with compression of language. William Carlos Williams developed his poetics along distinctly American lines with his variable foot and a diction he claimed was taken from \"the mouths of Polish mothers.\" Both Pound and H.D", "Imagism\nturned to writing long poems, but retained much of the hard edge to their language as an Imagist legacy. Most of the other members of the group are largely forgotten except for their contributions to the history of Imagism.", "Imagism\nDespite being so short-lived as a movement, Imagism was to prove to be deeply influential on the course of modernist poetry in English. Aldington, in his 1941 memoir, writes: \"I think the poems of Ezra Pound, D.H. Lawrence, and Ford Madox Ford will continue to be read. And to a considerable extent T. S", "Imagism\nEliot and his followers have carried on their operations from positions won by the Imagists.\" Wallace Stevens, on the other hand, voiced his views on the shortcomings in the Imagist approach; he wrote, \"Not all objects are equal. The vice of imagism was that it did not recognize this.\"", "Imagism\nThe influence of Imagism can be seen clearly in the work of the Objectivist poets, who came to prominence in the 1930s, under the auspices of Pound and Williams. The Objectivists worked mainly in free verse. Clearly linking Objectivism's principles with Imagism's, Louis Zukofsky insisted, in his introduction to the 1931 Objectivist issue of Poetry, on writing \"which is the detail, not mirage, of seeing, of thinking with the things as they exist, and of directing them along a line of melody.\"", "Imagism\nThe influence of Imagism can be seen in a number of 1950s poetic groups and movements, especially the Beat generation, the Black Mountain poets, and others associated with the San Francisco Renaissance. In his seminal 1950 essay, Projective Verse, Charles Olson, the theorist of the Black Mountain group, wrote \"ONE PERCEPTION MUST IMMEDIATELY AND DIRECTLY LEAD TO A FURTHER PERCEPTION,\" a credo that derives directly from the Imagists.", "Imagism\nAmong the Beats, Gary Snyder and Allen Ginsberg, in particular, were influenced by the Imagist emphasis on Chinese and Japanese poetry. William Carlos Williams was another who had a strong impact on the Beat poets, encouraging poets like Lew Welch and writing an introduction for the book publication of Ginsberg's Howl. One poet associated with the Objectivist group, Louis Zukofsky, was a major influence on the Language poets, who carried the Imagist focus on formal concerns to a high level of development.", "Imagism\nPratt, William. The Imagist Poem, Modern Poetry in Miniature. Story Line Press, 1963, expanded 2001. ISBN 1-58654-009-2\nSymons, Julian. Makers of the New: The Revolution in Literature, 1912\u20131939. Andre Deutsch, 1987. ISBN 0-233-98007-5\nPound, Ezra. ABC of Reading. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1934. ISBN 0-8112-0151-1\nAldington, Richard. Life For Life's Sake. The Viking Press, 1941.\nBlau Duplessis, Rachel. H.D. The Career of that Struggle. The Harvester Press, 1986. ISBN 0-7108-0548-9", "Imagism\nBrooker, Jewel Spears. Mastery and Escape: T S Elliot. University of Massachusetts Press, 1996. ISBN 1-55849-040-X\nGuest, Barbara. Herself Defined: The Poet H.D. and Her World. Collins, 1985. ISBN 0-385-13129-1\nJones, Peter, ed. Imagist Poetry. Penguin, 1972.\nKenner, Hugh. The Pound Era. Faber and Faber, 1975. ISBN 0-571-10668-4\nMcGuinness, Patrick, ed. T. E. Hulme: Selected Writings. Fyfield Books, Carcanet Press, 1998. ISBN 1-85754-362-9", "Imagism\nSullivan, J.P., ed. Ezra Pound. Penguin critical anthologies series, 1970. ISBN 0-14-080033-6\nAll links retrieved February 25, 2018.\nImagists.org.\nBibliography of Japan in English-Language Verse.\nJ.T. Barbarese et al: \"In a Station of the Metro\" at Modern American Poetry\nImagism history\nHistory of \"Imagism\"\nRetrieved from https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Imagism&oldid=1009364\nArt, music, literature, sports and leisure"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://influencermagazine.uk/who-is-the-hero-in-harry-potter/

Who is the hero in Harry Potter?

["Who is the hero in Harry Potter?\nWho is the hero in Harry Potter?\nHarry Potter is the hero of the beloved Harry Potter series. Born on July 31, 1980, Harry is a wizard who has faced many trials and tribulations throughout his life. As an infant, he survived an attempted murder by the evil dark wizard Lord Voldemort, leaving him with a distinctive lightning-shaped scar on his forehead.", "Who is the hero in Harry Potter?\nHarry is a brave and courageous character who is willing to put himself in danger for the greater good. He is often seen as a leader, and is willing to take risks and make sacrifices to protect those he loves. He is loyal to his friends and family, and is willing to stand up for what he believes in.", "Who is the hero in Harry Potter?\nHarry is a gifted wizard, and is able to perform powerful spells and charms. He is also a skilled duelist, and is able to outwit and outfight many of his opponents. He is also able to use his skills to solve puzzles and riddles, and often uses his knowledge to help him in difficult situations.", "Who is the hero in Harry Potter?\nThroughout the series, Harry is faced with many difficult choices. He often has to choose between what is right and what is easy, and he is often faced with difficult moral dilemmas. He is a character who is willing to make the tough decisions, and is often willing to put himself in danger for the greater good.", "Who is the hero in Harry Potter?\nHarry Potter is a beloved character who has captured the hearts of millions of readers and viewers. He is a hero who is willing to put himself in danger for the greater good, and is a character who is willing to make the tough decisions. He is a brave and courageous character who is loyal to his friends and family, and is a gifted wizard who is able to perform powerful spells and charms. Harry Potter is the hero of the beloved Harry Potter series."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.thenationalnews.com/libya-risks-its-future-by-vengeful-attacks-1.427863

Libya risks its future by vengeful attacks

["Libya risks its future by vengeful attacks\nLibya risks its future by vengeful attacks\nFor all the good intentions and careful plans of Libya's National Transitional Council, things are starting to go wrong on the ground.\nNational Editorial\nWhen rebels were celebrating their victory in Sirte last week, an image played on television foreshadowed a potentially violent split facing the \"liberated\" nation. A Qaddafi loyalist was lashed to the barrel of an anti-aircraft gun mounted on a pick-up truck. Dazed from the fighting, he was pleading for mercy.", "Libya risks its future by vengeful attacks\nWe can only guess at this man's fate, although it's reasonable to assume that mercy played no part in it. On Monday, Human Rights Watch reported that it had discovered the corpses of 53 pro-Qaddafi fighters in a Sirte hotel. Some had their hands bound behind their backs when they were shot.", "Libya risks its future by vengeful attacks\nFactional rivalries were always below the surface as ragtag Libyan militants fought to depose Qaddafi's regime. But for months, the National Transitional Council - from its base in the eastern city of Benghazi - promised that when Muammar Qaddafi was gone, rebel fighters would coalesce under their leadership.\nToday, that promise seems more than a little hollow.", "Libya risks its future by vengeful attacks\nAfter four decades of violent repression and dictatorial rule, Libyans can be excused for an excess of emotion. But violence - including cold-blooded murder - is not how Libya will break from its troubled past.\nThe NTC has sounded the right notes: elections within eight months, and frequent calls for reconciliation and unity. These words have brought praise from the foreign governments that contributed to Qaddafi's fall with air support and fire power.", "Libya risks its future by vengeful attacks\nAs soon as the tide turned on the road from Benghazi to Tripoli, we warned in these pages of the possibility of war crimes, which could worsen Libya's historic rivalries. Those fears are now being realised. As The National reported yesterday, Tripoli remains \"a patchwork of armed fiefdoms\" battling \"for the spoils of war\". Similar power struggles are certain to emerge elsewhere; fighters from Misurata, with tribal loyalties of their own, have proven especially unwilling to cede control.", "Libya risks its future by vengeful attacks\nSo far Nato's post-war strategy has been to leave Libya to Libyans. By the end of this month, the foreign military campaign will come to an end. Quick to declare victory after Qaddafi's death, all sides need to recognise that a stable Libya is still far from assured.\nThe future depends on Libyans themselves. But amid signs that the NTC is not in full control, every party must urge restraint in this unsettled time."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/bri/b/bowling.html

1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.

["1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nHome \u00bb Bible Encyclopedias \u00bb 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica \u00bb Letter B\nBible Encyclopedias\n1911 Encyclopedia Britannica\nBowline\nThompson Chain Reference\nTreasury of Biblical Knowledge\nCharger, Bowl\nKnead, Kneading Bowl\nHastings' NT Dictionary\nKing James Dictionary\nVines' Expository Dictionary\nWilson's Bible Types\nWebster Dictionary\nBowled\n(only first 3 shown)\nAlms-Bowl\nThe Nuttall Encyclopedia\nBowles, William Lisle\nBowling, Sir John\nBowling, Tom\nThe Jewish Encyclopedia\n\u0719\u0733\u0712\u0742\u073d\u0718\u072a\u0733\u0710\n\u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u0301\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\n\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u0301\u03bb\u03b7\n\u05d0\u05b7\u05d2\u05bc\u05b8\u05df", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\n(Lat. bulla, a globe, through O. Fr. boule, ball), an indoor game played upon an alley with wooden balls and nine or ten wooden pins. It has been played for centuries in Germany and the Low Countries, where it is still in high favour, but attains its greatest popularity in the United States, whence it was introduced in colonial times from Holland", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nThe Dutch inhabitants of New Amsterdam, now New York, were much addicted to it, and up to the year 1840 it was played on the green, the principal resort of the bowlers being the square just north of the Battery still called Bowling Green. The first covered alleys were made of hardened clay or of slate, but those in vogue at present are built up of alternate strips of pine and maple wood, about 1 x 3 in", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nThe width of the alley is 412 in., and its whole length about 80 ft. From the head, or apex, pin to the foul-line, over which the player may not step in delivering the ball, the distance is 60 f t. On each side of the alley is a 9-in. \"gutter\" to catch any balls that are bowled wide. Originally nine pins, set up in the diamond form, were used, but during the first part of the 19th century the game of \"nine-pins\" was prohibited by law, on account of the excessive betting connected with it", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nThis ordinance, however, was soon evaded by the addition of a tenth pin, resulting in the game of \"ten-pins,\" the pastime in vogue to-day. The ten pins are set up at the end of the alley in the form of a right-angled triangle in four rows, four pins at the back, then three, then two and one as head pin. The back row is placed 3 in. from the alley's edge, back of which is the pin-pit, io in. deep and about 3 ft. wide", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nThe back wall is heavily padded (often with a heavy, swinging cushion), and there are safety corners for the pin-boys, who set up the pins, call the scores and place the balls in the sloping \"railway\" which returns them to the players' end of the alley. The pins are made of hard maple and are 15 in. high, 24 in. in diameter at their base and 15 in. in circumference at the thickest point. The balls, which are made of some very hard wood, usually lignum vitae, may be of any size not exceeding 27 in", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nin circumference and 162 lb in weight. They are provided with holes for the thumb and middle finger. As many may play on a side as please, five being the number for championship teams, though this sometimes varies. Each player rolls three balls, called a frame, and ten frames constitute a game, unless otherwise agreed upon. In first-class matches two balls only are rolled", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nIf all ten pins are knocked down by the first ball the player makes a strike, which counts him io plus whatever he may make with the first two balls of his next frame. If, however, he should then make another strike, io more are added to his score, making 20, to which are added the pins he may knock down with his first ball of the third frame", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nThis may also score a strike, making 30 as the score of the first frame, and, should the player keep up this high average, he will score the maximum, 300, in his ten frames. If all the pins are knocked down with two balls it is called a spare, and the player may add the pins made by the first ball of his second frame. This seemingly complicated mode of scoring is comparatively simple when properly lined score-boards are used", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nOf course, if all three balls are used no strike or spare is scored, but the number of pins overturned is recorded. The tens of thousands of bowling clubs in the United States and Canada are under the jurisdiction of the American Bowling Congress, which meets once a year to revise the rules and hold contests for the national championships.", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nSeveral minor varieties of bowling are popular in America, the most in vogue being \"Cocked Hat,\" which is played with three pins, one in the head-pin position and the others on either corner of the back row. The pins are usually a little larger than those used in the regular game, and smaller balls are used. The maximum score is 90, and all balls, even those going into the gutter, are in play. \"Cocked hat and Feather\" is similar, except thatafourthpinisadded, placed in the centre", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nOther variations of bowling are \"Quintet,\" in which five pins, set up like an arrow pointed towards the bowler, are used; the \"Battle Game,\" in which 12 can be scored by knocking down all but the centre, or king, pin; \"Head Pin and Four Back,\" in which five pins are used, one in the head-pin position and the rest on the back line; \"Four Back\"; \"Five Back\"; \"Duck Pin\"; \"Head Pin,\" with nine pins set up in the oldfashioned way, and \"Candle Pin,\" in which thin pins tapering towards the top and bottom are used, the other rules being similar to those of the regular game.", "1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: Bowling.\nThe American bowling game is played to a slight extent in Great Britain and Germany. In the latter country, however, the oldfashioned game of nine-pins (Kegelspiel) with solid balls and the pins set up diamond-fashion, obtains universally. The alleys are made with less care than the American, being of_cement, asphalt, slate or marble.\nChisholm, Hugh, General Editor. Entry for 'Bowling'. 1911 Encyclopedia Britanica. https://www.studylight.org/\u200bencyclopedias/\u200beng/\u200bbri/\u200bb/bowling.html. 1910."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://the-american-experience.weebly.com/a-raisin-in-the-sun.html

A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry

["A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry\nHailey Bean\nChasing an Ideal\nThe Tragic Impulse\nAbstract Ideas\nA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry\nWalter Lee's dignified sacrifice for the benefit of his son, Travis.\nback to the tragic impulse", "A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry\nWalter Lee was similarly delusional to Willy Loman, but also changes by the end of the play. Despite Walter Lee's obsession with wealth throughout his life, he manages to grow and change as a person when he has a revelation of values and gives up on his delusional dreams. Walter Lee sacrifices his desire for money to own a liquor store for the sake of his family owning a house and his son's well being in the future", "A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry\nWalter Lee sacrificed the last chance he had at achieving his dream by turning down the money and instead taking the house. His sense of dignity allowed him to see the more sentimental things that he should value, like Mama does; by choosing the house over the money, Walter Lee was able to hold on to his dignity", "A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry\nMama felt like Walter Lee was finally filling his father's shoes because he \"came into his manhood\" when he used his father's life insurance money to uphold his dignified values and for the benefit of the family.", "A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry\nWalter Lee not only carried on the legacy of his father's manhood, but he passed down his tragic flaw to his son, Travis. It took a lot of strength for Walter Lee to let go of his dreams of wealth, and when he took responsibility and did the right thing, Travis was able to see the reality of his father's strength as a tragic hero. Walter Lee learned responsibility by embracing family values as a way to maintain his dignity and finally giving up on his delusional dreams"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://tbrfootball.com/three-talking-points-arsenal-secured-late-victory-burnley/

Three talking points as Arsenal secured a late victory against Burnley

["Three talking points as Arsenal secured a late victory against Burnley\nArsenal beat Burnley on Sunday thanks to a late goal from Alexis Sanchez. The winner came from the penalty spot. Although the performance won\u2019t be remembered as one of the Gunners\u2019 best of the season, they persevered and found a way to take the three points. In the past, this has been something that the club have struggled to do and it was pleasing to see them win in an ugly fashion against the Clarets. The victory saw them move above local rivals Tottenham into a Champions League position", "Three talking points as Arsenal secured a late victory against Burnley\nShkodran Mustafi delivered a brilliant defensive performance\nThe German international was linked with a move away from the club during the summer, but he ended up staying at the Emirates Stadium and his improvement in recent weeks offers encouragement for the future. Against Burnley, he was superb and was a leading contender for man-of-the-match. He played a vital role in Arsenal keeping a clean sheet and looked assured in everything that he was asked to do.", "Three talking points as Arsenal secured a late victory against Burnley\nDuring the match, he won nine aerial duels to relieve the pressure on his team. In addition to his dominance in the air, Mustafi made three tackles, two interceptions and five clearances. His reading of the game was superb and he regularly made the right decisions at the back to halt the Burnley attack. In a three-man defence, it is important that the centre-backs are comfortable on the ball and the German was on Sunday", "Three talking points as Arsenal secured a late victory against Burnley\nThe Clarets are never going to be the most entertaining team to watch in the Premier League as they focus on organisation and being tough to break down, but they are extremely effective in what they do. At the time of writing, they are in 7th position and emerging as one of the best of the rest. If they had managed to hold onto the point, they would have moved level on points with Liverpool in sixth and that underlines the success they are having under Sean Dyche.", "Three talking points as Arsenal secured a late victory against Burnley\nArsenal came with an attacking line-up and have players that can cause Burnley problems. However, the Clarets weren\u2019t intimidated by their more illustrious opposition and they went about their business in the same manner that they have done all season. They have conceded only 10 goals in 13 matches and that solidity at the back is what gives them the foundations to have their best Premier League season to date.\nAlex Iwobi isn\u2019t ready to be starting for Arsenal", "Three talking points as Arsenal secured a late victory against Burnley\nThe Nigerian international has been a favourite for Arsene Wenger since the beginning of the season. The 21-year-old has featured prominently with Sunday being his 5th Premier League start of the season in the absence of Mesut Ozil. It was a huge blow to be missing the German after his excellent showing against Tottenham, but an opportunity was presented to Iwobi. Unfortunately, the attacker failed to make the most of it.", "Three talking points as Arsenal secured a late victory against Burnley\nIwobi had a number of chances to impress in the final third, but his distribution and decision making weren\u2019t good enough to create clear-cut opportunities. His pass success rate of 91% suggests that he was reliable in possession, but he often chose the easy passes rather than those that are designed to open up the opposition defence. Arsenal lack options in attack and are over-reliant on Sanchez and Ozil", "Three talking points as Arsenal secured a late victory against Burnley\nThe performance from the 21-year-old on Sunday suggests that he won\u2019t be ready for a regular starting role for the foreseeable future."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.co.ma/books?pg=PA193&vq=brain&dq=editions:STANFORD24501703216&id=TdflAHpC8XkC&hl=fr&output=html_text

Sexual Differences in the Skull

["Sexual Differences in the Skull\nFig. 181.-HORIZONTAL SECTION OF THE SKULL A LITTLE BELOW THE LEVEL OF THE\nINFERIOR ORBITAL MARGIN. 1, Canal for naso-lacrimal duct.\n18. Mandibular fossa. 2. Middle concha.\n19. Foramen spinosum. 3. Nasal septum.\n20. Spine of sphenoid. 4. Middle meatus of nose.\n21. Petro-squamosal fissure. 5. Naso-lacrimal duct.\n22. Opening of bony canal of auditory tube. 6. Infra-orbital canal.\n23. Carotid canal. 7. Opening into maxillary sinus from the middle 24. Upper opening of carotid canal (foramen meatus of the nose.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nlacerum). 8. Roof of maxillary sinus.\n25. Anterior opening of pterygoid canal. 9. Inferior orbital fissure.\n26. Roof of pterygo-palatine fossa just above 10. Passing through pterygo-maxillary fissure spheno-palatine foramen.\ninto pterygo - palatine fossa and ending 27. Superior concha.\nopposite opening of foramen rotundum. 28. Superior meatus of the nose. 11. Infra-temporal crest of great wing of sphenoid. 29. Placed in position of spheno - palatine 12. Zygomatic arch.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nforamen. 13. Squamous part of temporal.\n30. Placed in the pterygo - palatine fossa 14. Inferior surface of great wing of sphenoid.\nnear the upper part of the pterygo15. Cut pterygoid process.\nmaxillary fissure. 16. Tuberculum articulare.\n31. Pterygoid canal laid open. 17. Foramen ovale.\nSEXUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE SKULL.\nWhilst it is a matter of difficulty, in all cases, to determine with certainty the sex of a skull, the following points of difference are usually fairly characteristic. The female skull is", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\n, as a rule, smaller than the male. In point of cranial capacity it averages about a tenth less than the male of corresponding race. Undue stress must not be laid on these facts, since the female in bulk and stature measures on an average less than the male. It is lighter, smoother as regards the development of its muscular ridges, and possesses less prominent mastoid processes", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nIn the frontal region, the superciliary arches are less pronounced, and this imparts a thinness and sharpness to the upper orbital margin, which is fairly characteristic, and can best be appreciated by running the finger along that edge of bone. For the same reason, the forehead appears more vertical and the projections of the frontal tuberosities more outstanding, though it is stated that the frontal and occipital regions are less capacious proportionately than in the male", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe vertex in the female is said to be more flattened, and the height of the skull consequently somewhat reduced. In the male the edge of the tympanic plate is generally sharp, and divides to form the sheath of the styloid process, whilst in the female the corresponding border is described as being rounder and more tubercular.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nWhilst it is true that no one of these differences is sufficiently characteristic to enable us to pronounce with certainty on the matter of sex, it is the case that, taken together, they usually justify us in arriving at a conclusion which, as a rule, may be regarded as fairly accurate. In some instances, however, it is impossible to express any definite opinion.\nTHE SKULL AT BIRTH.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe skull at birth is remarkable for the small size of its facial portion and the proportionately great development of its calvarial part, the former constituting only about one-eighth of the mass of the latter.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe bones of the cranial vault have not as yet the serrated edges which they exhibit at a later stage of growth, but are at present separated from each other by a narrow linear membranous interval, corresponding in position to the lines of the sutures by which they are ultimately united. At certain points, where these membranous sutures meet or intersect, there are areas, of varying outline, in which the space between the edges of the surrounding bones is formed of membrane only", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThis membrane corresponds to the overlying pericranium and the underlying dura mater. The larger of these membranous intervals, called fonticuli or fontanelles, are met with in correspondence with the angles of the parietal bone. Of these, two are placed medially, at either end of the sagittal suture.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe fonticulus frontalis, or anterior median fontanelle, formed by the convergence of four sutures, is the lozenge-shaped membranous interval between the rounded frontal angles of the parietal bones posteriorly and the sloping edges of the two halves of the frontal bone anteriorly, which are still separated from each other by the metopic suture. This space closes about the first half of the second year or later.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe fonticulus occipitalis, or posterior median fontanelle, at this stage is represented by a triradiate membranous interval interposed between the two parietals in front and the more or less pointed angular superior extremity of the occipital squama behind and below", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe anterior limb of the triradiate area corresponds to the posterior more open part of the sagittal suture, whilst the lateral extensions slope laterally and downwards between the edges of the occipital squama and the posterior margins of the parietal bones on either side; variations in the outline of this fontanelle may be met with, owing to the persistence of the suture which separates the interparietal elements of the occipital bone into two halves", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe lateral fonticuli are situated at the sphenoidal and mastoid angles of the parietal bone. The fonticulus sphenoidalis, or antero-lateral fontanelle, corresponds to the region of the pterion, and is the irregular membranous interval between the sphenoidal angle of the parietal above, the posterior edge of the frontal anteriorly, and the margins of the great wing of the sphenoid and the pars squamosa of the temporal bone below; it closes from two to three months after birth.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe fonticulus mastoideus, or postero-lateral fontanelle, lies between the mastoid angle of the parietal superiorly and the mastoid portion of the petro-mastoid element of the temporal bone in front, the edge of the ex-occipital part of the occipital bone below, and the anterior margin of the supra-occipital element of the same bone behind. The site of this fontanelle corresponds to what is known as the asterion in the adult; it closes in from twelve months to two years after birth.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nIn any of these fonticuli independent ossicles of bone, called ossa suturarum, are liable to appear, and assist in the closure of the membranous area. At birth such an ossicle may appear in the fonticulus occipitalis, constituting what has been termed a pre-interparietal", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nAnd in the region of the pterion such ossicles have been described as epipteric bones; but it is doubtful if such independent ossicles have any morphological significance, and are not more readily accounted for on the assumption that they are mere irregularities in the ossification of the occluding membrane.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe sagittal fonticulus is occasionally seen in the skull at birth as a transverse fissure or angular cleft, notching the sagittal margins of the parietal bones, transversely to the line of the sagittal suture, and in correspondence with the position of the parietal foramina, the medial margins of which may, as yet, be unossified and formed merely by the membranous layer uniting the two bones. Frequently at birth all evidence of the previous existence of this fonticulus is absent.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nMost striking at birth is the occurrence of outstanding bosses, tubera parietalia, on the surface of the parietal bones. These overlie the position of the primary ossific centres from which these bones are originally developed, and correspond to\nthe greatest maximum width of the calvaria. They nark the position of what in the adult are known as the tubera parietalia, though, be it noted, that in the adult condition these reliefs need not necessarily correspond to the greater breadth of the head.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nIn like manner the sites of the centres from which the lateral portions of the frontal part of the frontal bone are developed are readily recognised by the presence of the frontal bosses, which impart to the child's forehead its bulging appearance, and correspond in later life to the position of the frontal tuberosities", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nAs yet the two halves of the frontal part of the frontal bone are ununited, being separated by the frontal or metopic suture (sutura frontalis), which lies in direct continuation anteriorly with the line of the sagittal suture. The frontal suture is, as a rule, more or less completely fused by the sixth year.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe size of the infant's skull at birth varies considerably, and is to a large extent dependent on the bulk and development of the child. The size of the skull in female infants is absolutely smaller than in the case of male children, though not necessarily proportionately smaller, since the weight of female children at birth is on the average absolutely less than male foetuses at full term.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nIn viewing the skeleton of the face the observer is struck with the large proportionate size of the orbital and nasal apertures. The former are circular in outline, with sharp crisp margins. Under cover of the zygomatic process of the frontal bone the roof and lateral wall of the orbit is deeply recessed. The fossa sacci lacrimalis is oftentimes directed more towards the facial aspect than towards the orbital cavity", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe superior and inferior orbital fissures are proportionately large, and the latter, in the macerated skull, forms a wide channel of communication with the fossa infratemporalis. The nasal aperture, apertura piriformis, is cordate in form, and exhibits a greater proportionate width than is met with in the adult; its inferior margin is not far beneath the level of the inferior orbital margins", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe vertical depth of the maxill\u00e6 is small, and as yet the processus alveolaris is imperfectly developed, its inferior edge lying but little below the level of the inferior border of the arcus zygomaticus. Sunk in the alveolar border at this", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nstage may be seen the relatively large hollows in which the dental sacs are lodged. Within the body of the maxilla the maxillary sinus is represented by a shallow groove, disposed in relation to the middle meatus of the nose. For this reason the space separating the orbital floor from the palatine surface of the bone is small, but is later increased to its adult proportions by the enlargement of the maxillary sinus and the consequent expansion of the body of the maxilla.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nViewed from the inferior surface, the hard palate is shallow, owing to the poor development of the alveolar border. The sutures between the ossa incisiva and the processus palatini of the maxill\u00e6 are readily recognisable, and the vertical height of the choan\u00e6 is seen to be relatively small, owing to the perpendicular parts of the palate bones not having reached their adult proportions.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe mandible consists of two parts united, in the median plane in front, by fibrous tissue to form the symphysis. The alveolar border is deeply grooved for the reception of the dental sacs, whilst the remaining substance of the body of the bone is but slightly developed. The foramen mentale pierces the bone about midway between its superior and inferior borders.\nThe ramus is proportionately wide, and forms with the body an angle which is very obtuse.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe coronoid process rises considerably above the level of the capitulum, and comes into close relationship with the crista infratemporalis.\nThe capitulum, which is proportionately more expanded than in the adult, occupies the somewhat laterally directed shallow mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nOn viewing the lateral aspect of the skull, the meatus acusticus externus, as such, is not seen; it is replaced by the slender annulus tympanicus, which supports the tympanic membrane. This ring of bone, incomplete above, is united by its extremities superiorly to the inferior surface and lateral aspect of the squamozygomatic part of the temporal bone", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe ring itself is disposed so that it slopes downwards, forwards, and medially; as yet it fails to enter into the formation of the posterior wall of the fossa mandibularis, and only at a later stage does it grow laterally to form the floor of the external acoustic meatus. Through the ring the labyrinthic wall of the cavum tympani is seen ; exposed on this surface are the promontory, the fenestra vestibuli, and the fenestra cochle\u00e6.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nPosterior to the tympanic ring the sutura squamosomastoidea, still open, is seen separating the pars mastoidea from the squama temporalis of the temporal bone. On turning the skull over so that its inferior surface is exposed, the partes laterales of the occipital bone are seen separated in front from the pars basilaris by a suture, which runs through the occipital condyle on either side", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nPosteriorly an open suture, which curves backward and laterally on each side of the posterior margin of the foramen ovale, separates them from that part of the squama occipitalis which is developed in cartilage. The squama occipitalis at this stage exhibits a lateral cleft on each side, passing backwards from the fonticulus mastoideus, which serves to indicate the line of union of the parts which are developed in cartilage and membrane respectively", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nDIFFERENCES DUE TO AGE.\nAt birth the face is proportionately small as compared with the cranium, constituting about one-eighth of the bulk of the latter. In the adult the face equals at least half the cranium. About the age of puberty the development and expansion of some of the airsinuses, more particularly the frontal sinus, lead to characteristic differences in form in both the head and face.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe eruption of the teeth in early life and adolescence enables us to determine the age with fair accuracy. After the completion of the permanent dentition, the wear of the teeth may assist us in hazarding an approximate estimate. The condition of the sutures, too, may guide us, synostosis of the coronal and sagittal sutures not as a rule taking place till late in life. Complete obliteration of the synchondrosis between the occipital bone and sphenoid may be regarded as an indication of maturity", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nIn old age the skull usually becomes lighter and the cranial bones thinner. The alveolar borders of the maxill\u00e6 and mandibles become absorbed owing to the loss of the teeth.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThis gives rise to a flattening of the vault of the hard palate and an alteration in the form of the mandible, whereby the mandibular angle becomes more obtuse.\nTHE BONES OF THE SUPERIOR EXTREMITY.\nClavicula.", "Sexual Differences in the Skull\nThe clavicle, or collar bone, one of the elements in the formation of the shoulder girdle, consists of a curved shaft, the extremities of which are enlarged. The medial end, since it articulates with the sternum, is called the sternal extremity; the lateral extremity, from its union with the acromion of the scapula, is known as the acromial end.\nThe extremitas sternalis (sternal end) is enlarged, and rests upon the disc"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/news/2006/11/27/25000-turks-protest-pope-as-an-enemy-of-islam/30284063007/

25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam

["25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nIstanbul, Turkey | Tens of thousands of protesters denounced Pope Benedict XVI as an enemy of Islam at a rally Sunday that underlined deep divisions straining Turkey ahead of the pontiff's visit this week.\nOfficials hoping to promote closer ties with the West urged calm, but Islamic groups wary of Western ways united in anger over Benedict's remarks two months ago linking Islam to violence.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nChants of \"No to the pope!\" rose among nearly 25,000 demonstrators at every mention of his remarks on violence and the Prophet Muhammad. Many protesters wore headbands with anti-pope slogans and waved placards that included a depiction of Benedict as the grim reaper.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nThe protest, organized by an Islamist political party, was the largest mass gathering so far against Benedict's four-day visit scheduled to begin Tuesday - his first papal journey to a mostly Muslim nation. The outcry also was designed to rattle Turkey's establishment.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nTurkish officials hope to use the visit to promote their ambitions of becoming the first Muslim nation in the European Union and to showcase Turkey's secular political system. But Islamic groups, which have been gaining strength, see Benedict as a symbol of Western intolerance and injustices against Muslims.\n\"The pope is not wanted here,\" said Kubra Yigitoglu, a 20-year-old protester wearing a head scarf, ankle-length coat and cowboy boots.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nNearby, a large banner was raised amid a sea of red flags of the Saadet, or Felicity, party. It called the Vatican \"a source of terror.\"\nTo meet with muslims\nSecurity forces are on full alert for the pope's visit. Nearly 4,000 police watched over the protest. Surveillance helicopters buzzed overhead and protesters were frisked before entering the square in a conservative stronghold of Istanbul.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nThe pope's visit has two distinct - and difficult - objectives: calming Muslim ire and advancing efforts to heal a nearly 1,000-year divide in Christianity between the Vatican and Orthodox churches.\nBenedict plans to meet first with political and Muslim religious leaders in the capital, Ankara, including Turkey's president and the Islamic cleric who oversees the country's religious affairs.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nPrime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan is scheduled to attend a NATO meeting in Latvia during the papal visit, but could briefly greet the pontiff at the airport.\nThe pope then heads to Istanbul - the ancient Byzantine capital of Constantinople - to be hosted by the spiritual leader of the world's Orthodox Christians, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nThe pope strongly backs efforts for closer bonds between the two ancient branches of Christianity, which formally split in the 11th century over disputes that included papal primacy. But some Orthodox leaders, including Russia's powerful Patriarch Alexy II, are wary of deepening ties too fast.\nWhile in Istanbul, Benedict also plans to visit the famous 17th century Blue Mosque. The Vatican spokesman, the Rev. Federico Lombardi, called it a \"sign of respect\" toward Muslims.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nThe mosque is one of the city's major tourist sites and its slender minarets are a prominent landmark in Istanbul's ancient center. Tradition says it was built to show Islamic architects could rival the glories of the nearby Haghia Sophia, a church that was converted to a mosque after the city fell to Muslim armies in 1453. It is a now a museum.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nBenedict may also use his time in Turkey as a forum to demand that Islamic nations offer greater rights and protection to Christian minorities, such as the remnants of the once-thriving Greek Orthodox community in Istanbul.\nTurkey's foreign minister, Abdullah Gul, said Benedict's visit could help \"remove some misunderstandings\" between Christians and Muslims.\n\"The messages the pope gives here will, of course, be very important,\" Gul said at a news conference.\nSeek pope's apology", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nBut the protesters sent a loud signal that the pope is not welcome until he offers a full apology for his remarks in September, in which he quoted a medieval Christian emperor characterizing some of Muhammad's teachings as \"evil and inhuman.\"\nThe Vatican has expressed regret for offending Muslims and sorrow for the violent backlash that included attacks on churches in the Holy Land. The intent of the remarks, the Vatican said, was to draw attention to the incompatibility of faith and violence.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\n\"The pope was disrespectful to us and he needs to apologize,\" said one banner at the demonstration.\nSeafetin Tuleg, 70, wrapped himself in the flag of rally organizers and said Muslims revere the Jewish and Christian prophets, but do not receive the same respect for their own. \"We love Moses, Jesus and Muhammad, but the pope doesn't love Muhammad and Islam,\" he said.\nOfficially, Turkey is a secular republic, though around 99 percent of its population is Muslim.", "25,000 Turks protest pope as an enemy of Islam\nIn 2004 - before becoming pope - the then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger cast doubt on whether Turkey has a place among EU nations. \"Turkey has always represented a different continent, in permanent contrast to Europe,\" he was quoted by the French magazine Le Figaro as saying."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/local/2022/11/01/lawsuit-violation-of-open-meetings-act-grand-ledge-school-board/69605200007/

Court upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools

["Court upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools\nCourt upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools\nRachel Greco\nGRAND LEDGE \u2013 The state's Court of Appeals has upheld a judge's dismissal of a lawsuit claiming Grand Ledge Public Schools' Board of Education violated the Open Meetings Act by asking people who wished to speak at a 2021 meeting to identify themselves and provide personal information.", "Court upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools\nEaton County Circuit Court Judge Janice Cunningham was right to dismiss the lawsuit, filed by Amber Redman last November, the Michigan Court of Appeals said in its Oct. 6 opinion.", "Court upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools\nAccording to Redman's lawsuit, which named the school district, the board and its seven members as defendants, asking people for personal information at a June 28, 2021, Board of Education meeting was \"inconsistent\" with the Open Meetings Act, which states a \"person must be permitted to address a meeting of a public body under rules established and recorded by the public body.\"", "Court upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools\nSchool officials asked attendees at the meeting to fill out a sheet that provided space for a person's name, address and the topic they wished to discuss. It also asked whether they wanted to speak about items on the board's agenda.\nRedman's lawsuit, filed in August 2021, claimed the form was \"inconsistent\" with the board's own policies.", "Court upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools\n\"Requiring attendees to fill out the form in order to speak was a reasonable method of maintaining an orderly meeting,\" the Court of Appeals wrote in its six-page opinion. \"With no violation, (Redman) was not entitled to have defendants fined, and judgment as a matter of law was appropriate.\"", "Court upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools\nA statement from Board of Education Trustee Sara Clark Pierson \"addressed the events leading up to the June 28 meeting, which prompted defendants to adopt the use of the form,\" wrote the Court of Appeals. \"(Redman) did not advance any evidence to rebut these facts.\"\nGrand Ledge school officials approve new superintendent's contract\nDesmond Ferguson to start $1M rehab of Lansing warehouse for Moneyball Sportswear headquarters\nCrumbl Cookies ready to open first Lansing area store", "Court upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools\nOn Monday Eric Delaporte, Redman's attorney, said the court's decision will be appealed.\n\"If you take the Court of Appeals decision and apply it to school districts, now a school district no longer speaks through its minutes,\" he said. \"It speaks through a wooden sign in the lobby placed there outside of an open meeting.\"\nJohn Miller, an attorney representing the school district, said both Cunningham and the state's Court of Appeals were right in their rulings.", "Court upholds ruling in Open Meetings Act lawsuit against Grand Ledge schools\n\"Over the last two years, we have seen a large uptick in similar lawsuits against dozens of Michigan school districts,\" Miller said in an email. \"These lawsuits are largely politically motivated. The unfortunate byproduct is that school districts \u2014 such as Grand Ledge \u2014 are forced to spend time and money that should be spent on students. We are happy that this matter was dismissed.\u201d\nContact Rachel Greco at [email protected]. Follow her on Twitter @GrecoatLSJ ."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.fallenheroesproject.org/post/andrew-james-duquette-higgins

Sgt. Andrew J Higgins

["Sgt. Andrew J Higgins\nAndrew JD Higgins\nHAYWARD, CA, USA U.S. Army SGT, COMPANY A, 5TH BATTALION, 20TH INFANTRY, 3 BCT, FORT LEWIS, WA OLD BAQUBAH, IRAQ 06/05/2007\nAs a teenager, Sgt. Andrew Higgins was so devoted to pursuing a military career that he completed basic training while still a student at Kennedy High School in the East Bay community of Fremont, Calif.", "Sgt. Andrew J Higgins\nHe pursued his dream after graduation, first during two years in the Army Reserves and later during a nine-year stint in the Army, where he did tours in Afghanistan and Iraq. But the long deployments away from his family had begun to wear on him.", "Sgt. Andrew J Higgins\nBefore leaving for his second tour of Iraq, Higgins told his family that he planned to change careers when his enlistment was up in 2009. His future probably would have included working outdoors. While based at Ft. Lewis in Washington, he grew to love fishing on Puget Sound, where he befriended commercial fishermen.", "Sgt. Andrew J Higgins\n\u201cAfter three deployments in battle conditions, that was enough. He had decided to do something different,\u201d said his father, Jerry James Higgins. \u201cHe would have gone to school to finish a four-year degree, and I wouldn\u2019t have been surprised if he would have gone into fisheries or forestry or that kind of line.\u201d", "Sgt. Andrew J Higgins\nHiggins, 28, a native of Hayward, Calif., was killed June 5 in Baqubah, Iraq, when his elite Stryker brigade, part of the 5th Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division, came under small arms fire from insurgents, the Department of Defense said.\nTall, blond and husky, Higgins died in one of the most dangerous places in Iraq, a brigade commander said during a memorial service in Washington state.", "Sgt. Andrew J Higgins\nHiggins had been scheduled to return home in June but his stay was extended through the fall, officials said.\nAlthough he grew up in Hayward, Higgins attended schools in Fremont because his mother, Cheryl Higgins, taught social studies and U.S. history there. Conversations between mother and son on their daily half-hour commute often involved history, which deepened his interest in seeing the world, his family said.", "Sgt. Andrew J Higgins\n\u201cHe was one of those kids who knew the layouts of several countries. If somebody asked him how to get from one country to another, he could tell you all the countries in between,\u201d said his father, who is retired from a staff position at San Francisco State. \u201cThe fact that his mother had his undivided attention for half an hour every day made a big difference.\u201d", "Sgt. Andrew J Higgins\nAfter graduating from Kennedy High School, he attended Chabot College in Hayward for a semester and worked at Tri-City Sporting Goods in Fremont, where he met his wife, a fellow employee. They married in 2001.\nThey enjoyed the outdoors and their dachshunds, Ludwig and Otto. Higgins was devoted to his fellow soldiers but did not speak often of his exploits. Jerry James Higgins only learned of his son\u2019s five Army commendation medals after his death.", "Sgt. Andrew J Higgins\nIn recent years, Higgins and his wife, Rachel, lived in Washington state, but she returned home to Fremont during his latest deployment.\nHiggins was posthumously awarded the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart during his funeral June 13 at a chapel in Fremont. He was buried at San Francisco National Cemetery in the Presidio.\nIn addition to his wife and parents, Higgins is survived by an aunt and uncle, Maureen and Gary Duquette of Chico, Calif.; and a cousin, Matthew Duquette of Walnut Creek, Calif."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.theeponymousflower.com/search/label/Persecution%20of%20Catholics

Cardinal Cañizares: "There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians"

["Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nShowing posts with label Persecution of Catholics. Show all posts\nCardinal Ca\u00f1izares: \"There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\" and \"The powerful are silent\"\nCardinal Ca\u00f1izares Preaching on Sunday\n(Madrid) Cardinal Antonio Ca\u00f1izares, Archbishop of Valencia and new Deputy President of the Spanish Bishops' Conference issued a \"Holocaust\" alert for the Christians in the Middle East.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nA \"Holocaust\", according to the Cardinal and former prefect of the Roman Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, is happening under the eyes of those who \"direct the destinies of the peoples\". These offer \"passivity and silence\" against the persecution and extinction of Christians in the Middle East.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nCardinal Ca\u00f1izares raised his voice in his sermon in the Cathedral of Valencia last Sunday for the protection of persecuted Christians. \"Thousands and thousands of Christians are being persecuted today and massacred in a regular and new Holocaust,\" and under the eyes of the powerful in this world who would be silent and idle.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe Cardinal took advantage of the feast of Saint Joseph, the foster father of Jesus Christ, to draw attention to the fate of Christians in the Middle East. He called on Joseph, who protected the Jesus Child and Mary from the persecutors, as advocates for the protection of the \"persecuted, homeless, displaced and fleeing Christians, who endure so much enmity in their homeland.\"\nText: Giuseppe Nardi\nImage: InfoVaticana\nTrans: Tancred [email protected]\nLink to Katholisches...", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nPosted by Tancred at 3:17\u202fAM 7 comments:\nLabels: Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares, Middle East, Oriental Catholicism, Persecution of Catholics, Spain, Valencia\nPersecuted Christians Disturb Catholic Interfaith Event -- \"You see how the situation has happened in Europe by this attitude, where you live as Christians in the majority and yet are afraid.\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n(Rimini) The meeting organized in 2016 by the Catholic community Communion and Liberation (CL), which has taken place has cast a new interreligious shadow. [All of these linked articles are German, sorry.] The persecuted Christians of the Middle East \"disturb\" the desired climate. An Iraqi priest witnessed the genocide of the Christians in his home,which was made \u200b\u200bbitter by experience that the West not only looks away, but - if it still has to listen again - responds unwillingly and with opposition.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nOn the opening there was a Marian Publisher that had been prohibited from showing representations of Mary \"so as not to offend other religions.\" This meeting is of such importance that the Italian President and Prime Minister arrived in person. Italy left-Catholic president Sergio Mattarella, let it be known in his welcome address that it's not necessary for \"all religions to be fundamentalist.\" But what does \"all religions\", in a message of greeting to a Catholic event mean without naming the Islam?", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThis is the \"new interreligious shadow\", giving a response of a saturated relativism to challenges, and thus, must necessarily remain inadequate and unsuitable.\nAt the same time the usual CL representatives like Archbishop Emeritus of Bologna, Cardinal Carlo Caffarra, and the incumbent Archbishop of Ferrara, Luigi Negri, were no longer included in the meeting program.\nYoung Iraqi Priest as \"Troublemaker\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAlso not fitting in the picture is the Iraqi priest Rebwar Basa. Born 38 years ago in Erbil, he is priest of St. George Monastery of Mosul. He comes from the Middle East powder keg, whose fuse was lit in 2011. He knows the situation of Christians from personal experience, because he himself is one of them. He knows about the persecution of Christians. He knows that Christians are a diminishing minority and are harassed by various Islamic groups in the country, persecuted, expelled and killed", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAlthough Rimini is so far from Mosul, he nevertheless also felt the long shadow of the Middle East conflict cast on the famous seaside resort on the Adriatic Sea, when a statue of Mary must be wrapped in the middle of Italy at a Catholic major event, to be considerate of Muslims. It is the long shadow of Islam. It is above all the long shadow of its own weakness that has plagued European Christianity as an immune deficiency disease, which the Iraqi priest began to feel at the meeting.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nRebwar Basa was a guest at the meeting for three days, told all those who did not turn away, but wanted to learn about the fate of brothers and sisters in the Middle East. The Catholic organization Kirche in Not [Church in Need], who works extensively in a special way to help persecuted Christians. KN offered an exhibition on the persecution of Christians, which even Vatican Radio reported.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nLast Friday, the first day of the meeting, there was an incredible incident, which is no less incredible than the concealment of a statue of Mary, of which no one knew anything about at that time. However, it fits another incident and gives a worrying picture.\nKirche in Not Informed about Persecuted Christians", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nFor the exhibition Kirche in Not invited Rebwar Basa to give his testimony. And the unbelievable happened. The priest described the terrible fate of Iraqi Christians firsthand and was attacked for it from the audience. His credibility was called into question, since what he reported would not be heard by some", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe journalist Franco Bechis present for the newspaper Libero filmed the anachronistic scene and wrote about it in the Sunday edition of his newspaper: \"Father Rebwar reported about the Christians persecuted by Islam and was some were distressed by this message at the meeting.\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe priest came to the West, but rather than solidarity he reaped open contradiction. It came to a violent slugfest with \"interreligious\" and islamophilic Christians. Some of the audience just did not want to believe that what they propose could possibly also yield unpleasant consequences. Others seem to have come specifically to the event in order to bring the already weak voice of Middle Eastern Christians to silence. Kirche in Not is known for its commitment to persecuted Christians", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIt's a program that does not fit into the predominant, desired image, which is that supposedly \"all\" religions want nothing but peace, and \"all\" religions involve equally, \"fundamentalist,\" dangers, as Christianity was not unlike Islam, anyway not better.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe young priest could not be upset, though - yet had every reason to do so - simply because of the disappointment. \"What I am telling, I have experienced in Iraq. I am a witness of what I report. We are still 300,000 Christians there. Here one has said a true thing that the Sunnis kill Shiites, and Shiites kill Sunnis.That's right, and there are religious, political and economic reasons for this slaughter. But just as much for one as for the other, we are Christians the ultimate goal", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThis must be said! Again and again I read that the Christians were the collateral victim of a conflict. No, that's not true: Christians are the main goal! There is a persecution instead, which is a genocide, and we need to talk about it \"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nDespite the opposition, Father Rebwar answered his critics, who know so little of the fate of Christians in the Middle East that they aim to suppress it: \"You do not trust me? Do not believe me? You could check it yourself: There are media, there are books, there are other witnesses. So you can inform yourselves.\" The problem is rather something else:", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\"Often they are afraid to speak, so as not to affect the sensitivity of other religions. Fear not, and not from saying that. You see how the situation has happened in Europe by this attitude, where you live as Christians in the majority and yet are afraid. So you can imagine what we are going through in Iraq, where we comprise only 0.5 percent of the population today. Here with you, there are young Muslims who go to Iraq and Syria to fight, and are ready to die", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nImage: Chiesa che soffre / Meeting (screenshots)\nPosted by Tancred at 12:49\u202fPM 5 comments:\nLabels: Father Rebwar, Interfaith, Iraq, Islam, Oriental Catholicism, Persecution of Catholics\nTurkish Army Bombards Christian Village in Northern Iraq -- Christians Fleeing", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n(Damascus/Ankara) On the night of January 17th, the Turkish air force bombed the Sharanish in Kurdish controlled northern Iraq. The Christians have been on the run since then. They had to flee in the middle of the night in freezing temperatures 25 kilometers to the city of Zaxo because of the Turkish bombing.\nThe news was announced by the Chaldean Patriarchate, which sharply condemned the Turkish military attack. The destructive attack on the Christian village was \"unjustifiable\".", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nTurkey is officially fighting the Islamic State (IS) in Iraq and Syria, but in reality especially against the Kurdish Workers' Party PKK. Critics accuse Turkey of taking the fight against the jihadists as a \"pretext\" to perform an illegal campaign against the Kurdish people in the neighboring countries.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe Chaldean Patriarchate is now demanding autonomous Kurdish government of northern Iraq to take \"reasonable measures to protect the citizens.\" Louis Raphael I Sako, the Patriarch of Babylon and head of the Chaldean Church united with Rome, comes from Zaxo.\nThe difficult fate of Christians in the Middle East", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAs the papal news service Fides reported that the Christian village had been destroyed in the 1980s by the Iraqi army. Then, too, in the course of an anti-Kurdish military operation. The Christians returned and built the place up again. The reason for the return was the increasing persecution of Christians in Baghdad and Mosul.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nSince 2014, several dozen Christian families living on the Nineveh plains fled there before the conquest of the Islamic State had fled (IS). But even in Saharanish they are not sure.\nLast fall the Christian villages in the area became an \u200b\u200binvoluntary battleground between the Kurdish army and other Kurdish organizations. Now it is the Turkish army which has expelled the Christians from Saharanish.\nImage: Wikicommons / towers of the Mor Gabriel monastery in south Turkey, 130 northwest of Zaxo", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nTrans; Tancred [email protected]\nPosted by Tancred at 2:59\u202fPM 4 comments:\nLabels: Iraq, Oriental Catholicism, Persecution of Catholics\nIt's Official, Bishop of Albenga-Imperia Stripped of His Powers\nEdit: we reported on this on October 23rd, citing from Katholisches and Messa in Latino, and here in January 22nd. Rorate just confirmed it:", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nWhat was predicted by Italian media in October last year, as reported by Rorate at the time, has taken place exactly as foretold: Msgr. Mario Oliveri, 71, the exceptionally Traditionalist-friendly Bishop of Albenga-Imperia, has been stripped of all powers and is now Ordinary of the diocese in name only.\nThe appointment of his Coadjutor Bishop, Guglielmo Borghetti, was announced on January 10, but the full extent of the powers given to him was not reported at that time.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThis has now been publicized thanks to a series of articles in the Italian media and blogosphere in the last few days. The full text of the bull appointing Msgr. Borghetti was read out to the Consultors of the Diocese on March 25, and published on the diocesan website (h/t Messa in Latino). The bull specifies that he is nominated Coadjutor Bishop \"with special faculties\" consisting of no less than the same jurisdiction that a diocesan bishop has according to Canon 381 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe new Coadjutor Bishop himself confirmed to the Italian news agency ANSA that he now has full powers. ANSA also mentions that \"the priests who attended his first celebration in the seminary have expressly said that for the Diocese of Albenga 'begins a Copernican revolution.'\"\nRead the full report here...\nPosted by Tancred at 6:28\u202fPM 34 comments:\nLabels: Bergoglio Effect, Persecution of Catholics\nMetuchen Bishop Persecutes Catholic Teacher", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nEdit: a Catholic teacher has been fired from her job for saying uncontroversial, Catholic things that are nevertheless a scandal to the Bishop.\nWe'd encourage all of you to muster as much indignation and respect as you can and denounce this disgrace. Thanks.\nHere's the letter from the Bishop, attempting to justify his act:\nMarch 20 at 5:46pm \u00b7\nBishop Bootkoski's statement on status of teacher at Immaculata High School, Somerville\nMy dear brothers and sisters,", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nWe are a compassionate Catholic community committed to treating our students, faculty and parishioners with respect. We have never wavered from our traditional Catholic teachings.\nTo that end we need to correct some misstatements with regard to the teacher in question.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe teacher\u2019s comments were disturbing and do not reflect the Church\u2019s teachings of acceptance. However, she has never been terminated, as some media outlets have reported. She has been put on administrative leave. There has been no interruption in her pay and benefits.\nPope Francis reminds us that we are to accept all of our brethren. We must ensure that our educators steer away from harsh and judgmental statements that can alienate and divide us.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nWe regret that certain individuals and groups are using inaccurate media reports to push their own agendas. [The only agenda we see at work here is a modernist one on the part of Your Lordship.]\nPosted by Tancred at 7:44\u202fAM 10 comments:\nLabels: Metuchen, Modernism, Persecution of Catholics\nThe Real Reasons the Abuse-Hoax is Being Instrumentalized to Destroy a Catholic Bishop", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nEdit: we've got a dissident \"Catholic\" Education guy and a would-be traditionalist from Kansas City coming around saying that the Bishop really was out of his depth and that this pending dismissal with a Visitor from Canada, is being done for all the right reasons Here are some thoughts from Keyser Sose at La Nueva Primavera.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nOn the other hand, the Visitor is himself something of an outspoken opponent of Gomorrism. This will be a real test of Archbishop Pendergrast's integrity if he resists what we assume is a foregone conclusion.\nSince there are so few of them, the Vatican is making little effort to hide its contempt for Traditionally-minded bishops.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe latest target is Kansas City-St. Joseph's Robert Fiinn, who is under investigation by the Vatican. While the secular media tries to paint Bishop Finn as someone who protected a child-molester, it doesn't take a genius to see what really irks the Vatican about this bishop:\n\u2022 He promotes Summorum Pontificum and regularly offers the Extraordinary Form of the Mass \u2022 He published a pastoral letter about the dangers of pornography", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\u2022 He has lifted new vocations to a 40-year high, packing his seminaries with 110 new seminarians \u2022 He has publicly warned Catholics that they cannot be Freemasons\n\u2022 He cleaned up the mess he inherited from his predecessor, \"company man\" Raymond Boland, by: \u2022 Slashing funding for diocesan bureaucracies\n\u2022 Revising the diocese's adult catechesis program\n\u2022 Firing a lay chancellor and replacing him with a priest\n\u2022 Ordering the editor of the diocesan paper to stop publishing columns by dissident Richard McBrien", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\u2022 He took an oratory slated for demolition and transformed it into a thriving Latin Mass parish\n\u2022 He publicly prays rosary vigils in front of abortion clinics\nLabels: abuse-hoax, Bishop Finn, Kansas City, Persecution of Catholics\nVisitor Assigned to Axe Bishop Finn", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nEdit: after reading the petty accusation against +Finn, one can only conclude that Opus Bishops are no longer needed in leadership, especially when they dare to teach the Catholic Faith. NCR should be sued for even calling themselves a Catholic newspaper.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n[NCR] Canadian archbishop visited the Kansas City-St. Joseph, Mo., diocese last week on behalf of the Vatican to investigate the leadership of Bishop Robert Finn, the first Catholic prelate to be found criminally guilty of shielding a priest in the ongoing clergy sexual abuse crisis.\nOttawa, Ontario, Archbishop Terrence Prendergast visited the Midwestern diocese for several days last week, interviewing more than a dozen people about Finn's leadership, several of those interviewed told NCR.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAccording to those who spoke with Prendergast, the main he question asked was: \"Do you think [Finn] is fit to be a leader?\"\nhttp://ncronline.org/news/accountability/kansas-city-bishop-robert-finn-under-vatican-investigation\nPosted by Tancred at 12:27\u202fPM 25 comments:\nLabels: Catholics Need Not Apply, Open Season, Persecution of Catholics\nPope Refuses to Receive Dismissed Bishop -- As If -- \"Dialog, Mercy and Respect\"\nBishop Livieres Hard Answer From Rome", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n(Rome / Asuncion) For days, Bishop Rogelio Livieres Plano has been in Rome and asking to be received by Pope Francis. Vain. Instead, the bishop was removed from office. This bishop responded to this treatment with a harsh response. Meanwhile there is public celebration in progressive church circles in Paraguay for his removal.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nBishop Rogelio Livieres Plano of Ciudad del Este is not a man who minces words. This has made him disliked among Paraguay's bishops, to which until a few years ago, Bishop Fernando Lugo belonged, the \"red bishop\" of San Pedro, who preferred to be candidate for a broad leftist coalition as president against the will of Rome and he gave up his episcopate and priesthood", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nBishop Livieres is now the victim of an equally surprising and brutal \"decapitation\" and because he is not a man of arbitrariness, he responded with a savory letter to the Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, Cardinal Marc Ouellet.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nOn the website of the diocese of the dossier from last summer was re-released, with which the diocese had responded to all the rumors and accusations, passed behind closed doors by word of mouth or addressed by the Apostolic Visitor Cardinal Santos Abril y Castello, a personal confidant of the Pope Francis.\nBishop Has Asked for Days to be Received in Rome by the Pope - in Vain", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe letter to Cardinal Ouellet and the dossier discloses the ethical, but also formal irregularities of a campaign to discredit a bishop, aimed at his deposition, that has taken place now. \"An operation that has an ideological connotation,\" the Vaticanist Marco Tosatti.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAs a \"true son of the Church,\" he accepts the decision, says Bishop Livieres, even if it is \"unfounded and arbitrary, for which the Pope must be answerable to God\". The bishop's letter continues: \"Apart from many human errors that I may have committed, and for which I ask pardon from God and those who may have suffered, I ask once more firmly that the core of the case is an opposition and an ideological persecution.\"\nInner-Paraguayan \"Opposition and Ideological Persecution\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nMsgr. Livieres who belongs to Opus Dei, was the only \"conservative\" bishop in Paraguay. A fact that will say something about the situation within the Episcopal Conference and with the reference to the \"opposition\" as the bishop says. When Bishop Livieres had by far the largest seminary in the whole country and for miles around, then it depends not least with the attitude of the other bishops. The promotion of priestly vocations has in much of Latin America long been in disarray", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nCultural barriers to the indigenous population have not been resolved, the subliminal strong currents of liberation theology is in a \"ideological\" contrary to the priesthood. Liberal bishops do their worst.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\"The real problem of the Church in Paraguay is the crisis of faith, life and morality, which was further supported and extended by poor training of clergy, together with the laxity of the shepherds,\" wrote Bishop Livieres to Cardinal Ouellet.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe bishop never once received the report of the Apostolic Visitator so he could not concretely address Rome to justify or defend himself. \"If you think the problem of the Church of Paraguay is a problem of the sacristy, which one solves by exchanging the sacristan, one errs fundamentally and tragically.\"\nDismissal \"In Contradiction to the Many Speeches of Dialogue, Compassion and Respect\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nBishop Livieres was never told at any time of any wrongdoing or even complaints held by Rome, which made it impossible for any reply.. Out of the blue it was carried out without any reason specifying the impeachment. \"Contrary to the many speeches of dialogue, compassion, openness, decentralization and respect for the local churches, I was given neither an opportunity to speak with Pope Francis or the possibility to make clear doubts or worries", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nBishop Livieres ends his letter with the words: \"Such a procedure without any formality or undefined and abrupt nature appears to be not very fair. You do not offer room for a legitimate defense or for a reasonable correction of possible errors. From Rome I only obtained pressure to resign. \"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nBishop Rogelio Livieres has been in Rome for several days and asks to be received by the Pope - in vain. In Paraguay, the news of the dismissal was made known in the absence of the bishop. While in his diocese, guesswork and frustration prevail, in other parts of the country the progressive church circles does not hide their joy and is celebrating the dismissal publicly.\nEx-bishop Lugo Celebrates Dismissal: \"Livieres has not worked for the unity of the Church\"\nSenator and Ex-Bishop Fernando Lugo", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIn Paraguay where the episcopate which is thoroughly embossed with liberation theology, Bishop Livieres is an anomaly. Attached to this episcopal row, is also included Fernando Lugo, who a few years ago preferred, against the will of Rome, to hang up the dignity of Bishop and priesthood, in order to run for a broad leftist coalition. As President, he failed within a short time. Among other things, it was learned that he, as a bishop, had a relationship with a woman and fathered a child.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThat was yesterday. Today the Ex-bishop Lugo, who maintained good contacts with high ecclesiastical dignitaries of Paraguay after his laicization, celebrated the dismissal of Bishop Livieres", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe senator said this in an interview for the newspaper ABC.\" Pope Francis just does not tolerate any form of irregularities, be they doctrinal, moral or in personal style\" said Senator Lugo even bring up the much-discussed case of the Argentine priest Carlos Urrutigoity, who then years before in the United States was accused of \"suspected sexual abuse\", but does not see this as the reason of dismissal, because the declaration of the Vatican speaks of \"pastoral reasons\" and \"unity,\" said Lugo.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nWhat Livieres is being blamed for, \"and what I also have criticized him for,\" said Lugo, was the fact that he had not contributed \"to the unity of the Church\" in Paraguay. Ex-bishop Lugo was among the sharpest of Bishop Livieres' critics among church officials in the country. Bishop Livieres fought liberation theology as \"harmful\" and several times raised the criticism that at the seminary of Asuncion, the liberation theology will continue to spread", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nFor this reason, the Bishop decided to pay special attention to an independent priestly formation, which occurred exclusively in his diocese and to peel off from the Archdiocese of Asuncion and the Bishops' Conference in pastoral matters.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nimage: ABC Color (screenshots)\nLabels: Anti-Rome Policies, Bergolio Effect, Ex-Bishop Lugo, Paraguay, Persecution of Catholics\nBishop Livieres: \"Pope Francis Will Have to Answer Before God For The Dismissal\"\nBishop Livieres: \"I am the victim of ideological persecution\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n(Asuncion / Rome) Bishop Rogelio Livieres Plano of Ciudad del Este in Paraguay, dismissed yesterday from his office by Pope Francis, sees himself as a victim of an intrigue, which he describes as \"ideological persecution.\" In an open letter to the Prefect of the Roman Congregation for Bishops, Cardinal Marc Ouellet, the bishop wrote that Pope Francis will have to answer for his decision before God.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAt the same time Bishop Livieres announced that he has as yet no knowledge of the contents of the investigation report of the Papal Visitor, Cardinal Santos Abril. As a \"son of the Church,\" he added, he will abide by the arrangement of the Pope. The letter to Cardinal Ouellet was published by the Paraguayan daily ABC yesterday.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe Vatican justified the resignation for \"pastoral reasons\" and the \"unity of the bishops.\" Specific allegations against the bishop dismissed were not disclosed. The Bishop sees himself as a victim of an intrigue of the Paraguayan Bishops. Pope Francis arranged for an Apostolic Visitation in Livieres' diocese after he publicly accused the Archbishop of Asuncion of homosexuality and demanded his removal from office.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe leading group of the Paraguayan Bishops makes no secret of their satisfaction with the dismissal of Bishop Livieres. Livieres was considered a militant defender of the orthodoxy. In almost every parish of his diocese the Holy Mass was celebrated in the Old Rite. His seminary altogether has many more seminarians than any other of the Paraguayan dioceses and about seven times as many seminarians as the much larger Archdiocese of Buenos Aires.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nWith the statement that he is \"a victim of ideological persecution,\" Bishop Livieres gave an indication of the reasons behind the sensational impeachment.\nBishop Livieres like Pope Francis is from Argentina.\nimage: Aciprensa\nLabels: Bishop Livieres, Ciudad del Este, Persecution of Catholics\nCardinal Betori Forbids Immemorial Mass -- The Dilemma of the \"Conservatives\" Under Pope Francis\nFranciscans of the Immaculate, Photo From Better Times:\n1st Row in the middle are the two founders (Father Pellettieri,", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n(Florence) The \"tragedy\" of so-called \"conservatives\" in the Church under Pope Francis is currently being revealed emblematically in Florence, says lawyer Carlo Manetti. This coming September 25, Father Serafino Lanzetta of the \"Commissariat\" oppressed Order of the Franciscans of the Immaculate in Florence will his announce his latest book: \"The Second Vatican Council: a Pastoral Council\" arranged to be introduced in the context of this conference", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nCardinal Archbishop of Florence Betori has prohibited the public celebration of Holy Mass in the traditional Rite by Father Lanzetta.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nFather Lanzetta had been the Prior of the Order, since the provisional administration, at its convent in Florence. Since then he lives in \"exile\" in the monastery of Kitzb\u00fchel.\nIt was not only he and his brothers were forced to leave the city by the Apostolic Commissar Father Fidenzio Volpi. Meanwhile, the Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Florence must vacate, who are currently affected by Apostolic Visitrix.\nThe Archbishop, the Old Mass and \"Reasons of Expediency\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThese days one of the decisions of the Archbishop of Florence has caused a stir. Because of the abnegation of Pope Benedict XVI's Moto Proprio by the Congregation of Religious, the organizers presented Archbishop Giuseppe Cardinal Betori the request for Father Lanzetta to celebrate on the occasion of the meeting and for the participants in Florence, a Holy Mass in the traditional rite. The request was rejected by the cardinal.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIn the book, which is at the same time a Doctoral thesis, Father Lanzetta outlined and analyzed, based on meticulous documentation of the main currents of the Second Vatican Council and its work in bringing about the conciliar documents (see separate report Mental Power of an Exile - Habilitation Thesis of Father Lanzetta Presented on Second Vatican Council ). The preface is by the famous theologian Manfred Hauke, who supervised Lanzetta's habilitation", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nA book of \"incontrovertible orthodoxy,\" said Carlo Manetti in an interview. Manetti is the editor of the book:Un caso che fa discutere: i Franciscan of the Immaculate (Franciscans of the Immaculate: One Case that Provides Discussions, Fede & Cultura, Verona).", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe lecturer in International Relations is one of the speakers at the conference, to be held in the ballroom of the Regional Parliament of Tuscany. Among others, the historian Roberto de Mattei (European University of Rome) and Pietro De Marco (University of Florence) will speak, as well as representatives of Catholic media, Guido Scatizzi (Riscossa Christiana) and Pucci Cipriani ( Controrivoluzione )", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe organizer of the conference is traditional association Communion Tradizionale of Florence, under its president, Ascanio Ruschi. Ruschi it was who put the motion to the Archbishop and received the written rejection from him. The interview was conducted by Domenico Rosa for Il Sito di Firenze .", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe No of Cardinal Betori to Father Lanzetta and Traditional Rite\nCarlo Manetti on the \"conservatives\" in the new \"climate\" of Pope Francis\nAnd yet seems Cardinal Betori, who is counted among the \"conservative\" bishops, does not consider the book by Father Lanzetta as \"orthodox\" ...", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nManetti: Judging by the letter his lawyer Ruschi, President of the association Communion Tradizione has sent, in which he expressly forbids Father Serafino public celebration of the traditional Mass, one can see no doctrinal condemnation of the book content, but - if one may say - it is a \"political\" condemnation of the text", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIt is said that a Bishop can not approve the theses contained there, without claiming that we are dealing with heresies, whereby the doubt arises that this impossibility is not caused by the thesis itself, but the position of the bishop; in other words. that it is not about doctrinal reasons, but \"pastoral\" considerations that cause the head of a Catholic diocese, to not comment positively in public on the great work of Father Serafino.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIf you allow, I would like to extend the question still to the drama, not to say, tragedy, to present the situation in which the so-called \"conservative\" Catholics are: they would like,perhaps to return to the truth in their hearts, but reasons of practical expediency, which are called \"pastoral\" today ,\" compels them to accept this and to confess as always, they are valid and immutable", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nSo, to avoid the current widespread accusations of \"traditionalism\" or more recently even the \"crypto-Lefebvrianism\", they are forced to represent opinions and to put actions that actually represent the progressive Catholic extremism.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nHow do you explain the ban in the Church of San Gaetano to celebrate a Holy Mass in the traditional rite ... the church which is supervised by the Old Rite Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest? How do you see this \"turnaround\" of the Archbishop of Florence, who generously supported the traditional Mass until recently and the Old Ritual community churches entrusted to his care?", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nManetti: As the Cardinal himself stated in his letter, the reasons are not doctrinal, but pastoral, political, ideological. Today, after the accession of Pope Francis, the \"most endangered\" prelates, the so-called \"conservatives\" are exactly like that. case of Cardinal Piacenza example showed: the first defenestrated by the new Pope. They are forced to show themselves as far more progressive than their colleagues to provide evidence of their loyalty to the \"new course\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nFor the progressives whose resistance acted against Benedict XVI., is today, however, like a life insurance policy, a guarantee certificate for the future that they believe in the so-called new \"Church of Mercy\". The Conservatives, however, who, offered assistance to Benedict XVI have aroused \u200b\u200b\"suspicions\", and are forced today, but also in the future, to provide evidence of their \"reliability\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nSo you are, in a humanly speaking, very difficult situation from which there is a solution only if they recognized the priority fully for themselves of the truth about the practice, recognize and accept the primacy of faith over the pastoral, the primacy of Jesus Christ through the hierarchy. This is not just a question of courage", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAfter decades of the devaluation of truth in favor of the tactical achievement of practical results, it is hard to sacrifice everything you have built up personally and intellectually appropriated. Often it is difficult to be conscious of this necessity.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nFather Serafino Lanzetta is not a dangerous heretic?\nManetti: Of course not. Father Serafino Lanzetta is not only not a dangerous heretic, but - despite his young age - one of the greatest living theologians, brilliant and profound at the same time, capable, as I said, to the depths of the errors, but also he has gathered the reasons and presented the actors of the Council.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nHow is the provisional administration of the Franciscans of the Immaculate to end, after most of the brothers have unsuccessfully made \u200b\u200bthe request to be allowed to leave the Order?", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nManetti: Everything happening so far suggests that the deliberate intention is to \"liquidate\" the Order of the Franciscans of the Immaculate, both the male and the female branch. All measures, sometimes accelerated, sometimes slowed down, aim at that. It can be seen plainly that the case of the Franciscans of the Immaculate reveal the violent face of modernism and show the way postulated by Gramsci of the primacy of practice leads over theory.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nI would therefore like to take the opportunity of this interview to prompt all, in the defense the truth about the Order of the Franciscans of the Immaculate founded by Father Manelli and Father Pellettieri, to persevere so that the silence about this sad state of affairs can be spread, because of the silence can make profit only the persecutors.\nIntroduction / Translation: Giuseppe Nardi\nimage: Messa in Latino / Carlo Manetti\nLink to Katholishes...\nPosted by Tancred at 10:14\u202fAM 10 comments:", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nLabels: Father Fidenzio Volpi OFM Cap., Father Pellettieri, Father Serafino Lanzetta, Father Stefano Manelli, FFI, Persecution of Catholics\nCommissar Closes Another Friary of the Franciscans of the Immaculata\nChurch of San Pasquale in Benevento\nFriary of the Franciscans of the\nImmaculate Heart Closed", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n(Rome) The Apostolic Commissar Father Fidenzio Volpi is closing, with the Secretary General, Father Alfonso Bruno, another friary of the Franciscans of the Immaculate (FI). In the Italian town of Benevento, just 40 kilometers away from the mother house of the Order in Frigento (Diocese of Avellino). The monastery of San Pasquale is closed.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe decision is symbolic. In Benevento (1915-1996) a decree was signed on June 22, 1990 on the eve of the feast of the Sacred Heart, by Archbishop Carlo Minchiatti for the establishment of the Order by diocesan right. The Solemnity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus is thus the canonical founding of the Franciscans of the Immaculate . On that Sunday, in 1990 the first 30 monks professed their vows.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe Monastery of San Pasquale has existed for many years. The pastoral care of the faithful was initially in the new Rite, but with entry into force of the motu proprio, Summorum Pontificum a parallel was established in the traditional rite. In addition to daily Mass in the Immemorial Rite, daily Eucharistic Adoration was held.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe presence of the Franciscans of the Immaculate and their pastoral care were all the more precious because otherwise, no other priests or religious celebrate the Immemorial Rite in the Archdiocese of Benevento.\nWith the provisional administration, the Beneventese believers were deprived of all the traditional Rites, as the priest of the Order were prohibited from the celebration of the Immemorial Mass. Now they are also deprived of the Order, where it has its canonical origin.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nA faithful of the Archdiocese of Benevento wrote a letter to the website Messa in Latino : \"It raises the question: Is the reform, which the commissioner has boasted, to restore the Order back to its 'original' spirit, that is to say, where the monasteries are closed and the faithful are deprived through the widespread doctrinal confusion in the Diocese where today people are more in need of pastoral care for salvation?\"\nimage: Wikicommons\nTrans: Tancred [email protected]", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nLabels: Benevento, Commissar, Father Fidenzio Volpi OFM Cap., FFI, Persecution of Catholics\nIt's Very Possible Cardinal Burke Will Be Sent Into Exile\nEdit: grave news continues, sorry. Things are starting to take a very medieval cast indeed, what with saintly figures exiled, suspended a divinis, silenced and even murdered for their witness.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nVATICAN CITY, September 17, 2014 \u2013 The \u201crevolution\u201d of Pope Francis in ecclesiastical governance is not losing its driving thrust. And so, as happens in every self-respecting revolution, the heads continue to roll for churchmen seen as deserving this metaphorical guillotine.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIn his first months as bishop of Rome, pope Bergoglio immediately provided for the transfer to lower-ranking positions of three prominent curial figures: Cardinal Mauro Piacenza, Archbishop Guido Pozzo, and Bishop Giuseppe Sciacca, considered for their theological and liturgical sensibilities among the most \u201cRatzingerian\u201d of the Roman curia.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAnother whose fate appears to be sealed is the Spanish archbishop of Opus Dei Celso Morga Iruzubieta, secretary of the congregation for the clergy, destined to leave Rome for an Iberian diocese not of the first rank.\nLink to www.chiesa.com...\nLabels: Cardinal Burke, Persecution of Catholics\nAnother Diocesan TLM Unceremoniously Being Shut Down in UK?", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nEdit: one of the problems with getting involved with a Summorum Pontificum parish is that after spending thousands of dollars for restoration, building traditional sodalities, maybe establishing a school and attracting people who come to depend on it for their spiritual lives, the thing can be suddenly yanked, for no other reason than someone at the chancery doesn't think there's enough interest, or that the Latin Mass doesn't fit the locale (as was the case at a parish in California that was moved because it \"disturbed\" the tourists.)", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nPerhaps it will, as one concerned Catholic opines, \"have its altar tossed in a dust bin and be fit out with minarets.\" This is what is happening presently on the other side of the pond.\nMoving with the times might be a virtue for some, but it's not exactly a sign of affection either. Here's the news from LMS, who hopes this is incorrect, but we expect it's not:", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThat's what Fr John Zuhlsdorf says: it will end by the end of Septemeber. According to my sources, which are probably the same as his, this is true. It was announced from the pulpit yesterday by the new Parish Priest, Fr Steven Fisher. It was his second Sunday in the parish.\nIf it isn't true, no one will be more pleased to put the record straight than I.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nArchbishop Peter Smith of Southwark did something very unusual in moving Fr Tim Finigan from the parish of Our Lady of the Rosary at Blackfen, to a parish in Margate. The usual thing is that, knowing that there was a long-established group attending the Traditional Mass in the parish, Archbishop Smith appointed a new Parish Priest who was able, and professed himself willing, to carry this on.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIt is a tragedy that this hasn't worked. Fr Fisher has decided, for reasons which I'll leave to him to explain, that, having said he would continue to say the EF, he won't after all.\nLabels: Immemorial Mass of All Ages, Persecution of Catholics\nCardinal Laments the Silence Over the Persecution of Christians\nFour out of five were Christians persecuted for religious reasons.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nVatican City (kath.net/CBA) I think we are silent too much,\" Koch said in an interview with the Vatican newspaper \"Osservatore Romano\" (Sunday). An estimated 80 percent of those persecuted for religious reasons are Christians, said the Swiss cardinal. There are now more Christians suffering persecution than in the days of the early church.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAt the same time the Vatican Ecumenical Minister emphasized the importance of Christian martyrs for a rapprochement between the Christian denominations. They are \"the seeds of ecumenism and the future unity\". The \"ecumenism of suffering\" will form the deepest foundation for the conversation between the confessions.\nLink to kath.net...\nLabels: Cardinal Koch, Persecution of Catholics\nAfter Rebuilding the Desolation --- Commissioner Closes Friaries of the Franciscans of the Immaculata", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n(Rome) After the Order revived monasteries that were abandoned by other orders, the monasteries fall now again to degradation by the Apostolic Commissioner. A Catholic layman, who was led back to the Faith by the Franciscans of the Immaculate, sent an e-mail recently. In it, he laments the closure of a monastery of the Franciscans of the Immaculate. \"I want to begin by saying that I'm a nobody and I feel as last among the faithful", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe Monastery of Sassoferrato in the Marches had been abandoned by the Franciscan Order for lack of growth. The Franciscans of the Immaculate revived the monastery a few years ago new as they are ever thus also known for taking over abandoned monasteries of other orders because of their numerous vocations and bringing them to new life. At last count the convent of Sassoferrato has 60 brothers.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe Apostolic Commissioner Father Fidenzio Volpi being used by Rome, has now dissolved the monastery. The same fate will be met this week by the monastery of Colfano also a friary abandoned by the Franciscan Order in the Marches, which was founded during the lifetime of St. Francis of Assisi", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIn July 2012, the Franciscans of the Immaculate encamped there and led the Franciscan life, which had filled the friary of Colfano for 800 years (see separate report New Monastery of the Franciscans of the Immaculate - Flowering Religious Tradition ). Now even this convent will be dissolved by the Apostolic Commissioner", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe Order of Father Stefano Maria Manelli had, in an exceptional counter-movement to the general trend, reached vocations as high of 800 religious when the religious congregation intervened.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\"The novices and seminarians are disoriented, the brothers in perpetual vows are being destroyed by agony,\" says the believer in his e-mail. \"They are treated as if they were heretics.\" It was Pope Benedict XVI., who opened access to the traditional rite of the Order as with all religious, priests and lay people", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\"With the arrival of a new pope, the Order may not be as familiar to them as to Benedict, 'someone' has gone over to the attack, with the result that is now in front of everyone to see.\" Now, every priest must ask permission to the to be able to celebrate the Old Rite, and if he wants to do it in front of the faithful, he must also apply for explicit permission each time", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\"Anyone who knows the history of the Capuchin nun Sister Veronica from Fermo or those of Padre Pio of Pietrelcina, knows how strong the attack of calumny can be, to fight and brake mystics.\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nWhat can these brothers \"have done that is so criminal? They pray, do penance and rebuild abandoned monasteries again. \"\nimage: Messa in Latino\nAMGD\nLabels: autolesionism, Father Fidenzio Volpi OFM Cap., Father Stefano Maria Manelli, Fox, Immemorial Mass of All Ages, New Springtime, Persecution of Catholics\nJean Madiran -- Witness of the Persecution of His Times\nEdit: we first found out about this great man from Eye-Witness's memorial:", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n(Rome / Paris) The historian Roberto de Mattei has written a tribute to Jean Madiran on the Solemnity of the Assumption for the daily newspaper \"Il Foglio\", a \"pioneer of Catholic resistance against progressivism.\" Madiran who was 93 years old on the 31st of July, died recently in France. Born in 1920, a follower at a young age of Charles Maurras, Madiran experienced a fundamental intellectual change through the discovery of the writings and thought of St. Thomas Aquinas", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe magazine he founded in 1956 at the age of 36, \"Itin\u00e9raires\", has been for almost 40 years a focal point of the Catholic intellectual tradition in France. Madiran, founded \"Pr\u00e9sent\u201c in 1982, a Catholic daily newspaper, and it was a keen observer of Church self-destruction, which he mercilessly chronicled in his work \"L'heresy du XX si\u00e8cle\" (1968) and \"La r\u00e9volution copernicienne dans l'Eglise\" (2004 ).", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nJean Madiran and The \"The History of the Forbidden Mass\" by Roberto de Mattei These days, Madiran is known primarily for his unyielding defense of the traditional Mass, whose historical development he has shown in the Histoire de la Messe interdite (2 volumes, 2007 and 2009). According to the Apostolic Constitution Missale Romanum , with which Paul VI", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\non 3 April 1969 introduced the new Mass, it appeared on the 12th of November in the same year in France, a decree was signed by Cardinal Marty, president of the French Episcopal Conference, which from the 1st of January 1970, introduced the mandatory use the French language in the Novus Ordo Missae . It followed that the traditional Mass, which had been valid for centuries, was prohibited from the 31st of December 1969. That was the signal for a race that is not yet completed.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nSince the 50s of the 20th Century, if not before - says Madiran - the French bishops and theologians were at a distance from the Church of Rome, which they charged with being the prisoner of a repressive theological and juridical school. The Second Vatican Council was the opportunity to make a frontal attack against the Roman School and Paul VI's liturgical revolution, which was open to the influence of progressive French circles since its beginning", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nAs the Second Vatican Council was opened in October 1962, it was enthusiastically described by the future cardinal, Father Yves Congar, as \"the October Revolution of the Church\" (in reference to Lenin's October Revolution of 1917): a revolution that had did not reach its high point in the Conciliar documents, but in the following liturgical reform.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIn April 1969, as the Novus Ordo Missae was enacted, received some the sharpest criticism from the highest representatives of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. The Cardinals Ottaviani and Bacci handed to Paul VI", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\na short critical review of the Novus Ordo Missae, which had been drafted by a group of leading theologians of different nationalities, who came to the conclusion that \"the Novus Ordo Missae [...] both in its entirety as well as in its details was a stunning departure from the Catholic theology of the Holy Mass, which the XXII the Session of the Council of Trent was formulated, which definitely established the canons of the rite and has built an impregnable wall of protection against any heresy which tries to attack the integrity of the Mystery", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\"The Criticism of the Novus Ordo was continued in the wake by numerous scholarly laymen, among others, by the Frenchman Louis Salleron, the Englishman Michael Davies and Brazilian Arnaldo Xavier da Silveira. In France, Jean Madiran was an ardent propagator of a short critical review and published in the Itin\u00e9raires the voices of all those who came for reasons of conscience in the end, not to accept the New Mass", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nA leading canon lawyer, Abb\u00e9 Raymond Dulac, published in 1972, with a new edition, a careful review of the Bull Quo Primum (1570) of St. Pius V and attempted to prove that the Constitution Missale Romanum of Paul VI., the Tridentine bull, had not been abolished, and also could not abolish the guaranteed and eternal privilege from the Ghislieri-papal Mass indult.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\"Your holiness, give us the Holy Mass again ...\"\nJanur appeared in 1973 on 21 October 1972 in the journal Itin\u00e9raires Madirans an appeal in letter form to Paul VI, which began with the words:", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\"Your holiness, give us the Scriptures, the Catechism and the Holy Mass again, which have been withdrawn from us, each day more and more, from a collegial, despotic and vicious bureaucracy, whether rightly or wrongly, but without being previously contradicted to impose the claim raised in the name of Vatican II and Paul VI. Please give us the traditional, Catholic, Latin and Gregorian Mass according to the Roman Missal of St. Pius V again. Let me tell you, that you would have them banned", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nNo pope but could, without abusing its power to prohibit the millennial rite of the Catholic Church, which was canonized by the Council of Trent. If this abuse of power is actually permitted to succeed, then it would be obedience to God and the Church to resist obedience, and not to suffer in silence.\"", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe letter was later signed by eminent figures like Alexis Curvers, Marcel De Corte, Henri Rambaud, Louis Salleron, Eric de Saventhem and Jacques Tr\u00e9molet de Villers and it was published in a book of exceptional timeliness titled R\u00e9clamation au Saint-P\u00e8re (1974).\nA Time Without Catechisms - 1965 ban on all Catechisms", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nFor Madiran, the problem of the Mass was closely bound up with that of the Catechism and the Scriptures. The prohibition of the Mass was in fact in the French dioceses a general ban on all pre-Vatican II catechisms and especially the Catechism of Saint Pius X that preceded it. For 27 years, from 1965 to 1992, until the year in which John Paul II promulgated the new Catechism of the Catholic Church, the French Church was without a catechism and factually without religious instruction for the children", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThese bans have been and are still accompanied by an exegetical vandalism, which stands the Holy Bible on its head. It is sufficient to remember that the Bible commentators are of the opinion in the French language, that all the words of Jesus in the Gospels were invented after his death. As of 1965, the 325 French bishops introduced the restriction of dogmatic language from the Council of Nicaea, like the \"consubstantial\" which was also prohibited", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nFor nearly 50 years, it was no longer in the Creed, \"consubstantial with the Father\", but \"of the same nature,\" and that with the absurd pretext that the term \"substance\" had undergone a change in meaning over time. The result is that in France for half a century a central dogma of Christianity, which is expressed in the term transubstantiation, is nullified.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe protest of Madiran and the theologians of Itin\u00e9raires united with 75 representatives of English culture like representatives, signed an appeal to Pope Paul VI. of 6 July 1971, including the famous writer Agatha Christie, Robert Graves, Graham Greene, Malcolm Mudderidge, Bernard Wall, Romano Amerio, Augusto Del Noce, Marcel Brion, Julien Green, Yehudi Menuhin, Henri de Montherlant and Jorge Luis Borges", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nMore and more appeals of sympathetic voices from different countries for the restoration of the traditional Mass or at least their equality, were made \u200b\u200bby the initiative of the Association of Una Voce. Three international pilgrimages to Rome were led by Catholics to reaffirm their loyalty to the Mass and to the Catechism of Saint Pius V.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThis broad resistance movement developed in 1969-1975 well before 29 June 1976 when the Lefebvre case broke out, when the French archbishop ordained 26 of his seminarians to the subdiaconate and the priesthood then suffered suspensio a divinis", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe following year, Archbishop Lefebvre addressed in a memorable conference at Palazzo Pallavicini in Rome a question that has still not found an answer: \"How can it be that I, because I still do what I have spent doing for 50 years of my life with congratulations and the encouragement of the Popes, in particular by Pope Pius XII., who honored me with his friendship, now find myself in a situation almost as if I were considered an enemy of the Church?\" Monsignor Lefebvre, has been unjustly considered the \"head\" of traditionalists, yet was in reality only the most visible manifestation of a phenomenon that went far beyond his person and his roots and his aim in the first place in the problems of the Second Vatican Council and its implementation.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIn the 14 years of the pontificate of Paul VI. (1963-1978) the \"Montini Party\" occupied all leading power posts in the Church, from the tips of the Roman Curia to the bishops'conferences. The process of self-destruction of the Church was more dramatic, so John Paul II inherited an ungovernable situation. From the beginning of his pontificate, however, the hostility to the traditional Mass, at first barely perceptible outwardly began to subside", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe Pope made \u200b\u200ba secret commission of eight cardinals to study the liturgical question. They came to the conclusion that there is no theological or juridical reasons that would allow a ban on the Tridentine rite. Thereon the Congregation for Divine Worship issued on 3 October 1984, the document Quattuor Abhinc Annos to the Presidents of the Episcopal Conferences, an Indult for the celebration of the traditional Mass, which had previously been considered prohibited", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nHowever, the majority of the bishops refused to implement this measure, so that John Paul II in his Apostolic Letter Ecclesia Dei of 2nd of July 1988, after the break between Rome and the Society of St. Pius X. ordered:", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n\"Moreover, respect must everywhere be shown for the feelings of all those who are attached to the Latin liturgical tradition, by a wide and generous application of the directives already issued some time ago by the Apostolic See, for the use of the Roman Missal according to the typical edition of 1962 - See more at: http://www.adoremus.org/EcclesiaDei.html#sthash.HnE6qZv1.dpuf\"\nBlind obstruction of the bishops against Pope John Paul II measures for Old Mass", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nCardinal Ratzinger, who has placed the liturgy in the center of his attention (think of the Proceedings of the liturgical day of Fontgombault, from July 22-24th of 2001), had decided after his election as Pope, to settle the question personally and issued, the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum on July 7th, 2007 the freedom with which he returned to the old Roman Rite, and introduced it back into the Church.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe \"resisters\" of the 60s, finally saw their efforts rewarded after almost 40 years. Jean Madiran wrote \"Last Sunday,\" about the 6th of September, 2007, \"I am, and I was not the only one in the Church, which is just a few steps away from me, came back, rather than away 20 km and 20 km back. But the important thing is not that we have returned, but that the Mass has returned. What a grace! \"( Chroniques sous Beno\u00eet XVI. , 2010, p 197).\nBenedict XVI. Responded With a Traditional Mass for a sick church", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe Church, to which Benedict XVI. returned the traditional Mass, is a sick Church, which is occupied by progressive prelates at the highest peak positions, and continue to use the Second Vatican Council as a club with which to beat their enemies", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThis has recently been the case against the Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception, who are dealt with unfairly because of their attachment to the traditional Mass by a decree which constitutes a violation of the general laws of the Church, especially of the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum of Pope Benedict XVI., it gives every priest the freedom to celebrate the Holy Mass in the so-called \"extraordinary\" form of the rite.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nMother Mary Francis of the Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception had thoroughly documented the post-apostolic patristic origins of the so-called \"Tridentine\" Mass in the Italian compilation The Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, HH Benedict XVI. A Hope for the Whole Church (vol 3, ed. Nuara of Father Vincenzo OP, 2013, pp", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\n93-115), as the Mass in force in 1969 rite had in its central elements the Mass Pope Gregory the Great and without interruption back to the apostles to the Last Supper and the bloody sacrifice of Jesus Christ as their starting point", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe volume La R\u00e9forme Liturgique en question (1992) with its preface by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, Monsignor Klaus Gamber, for whom Pope Benedict always harbored great admiration, states clearly that no pope has the right to return the rite to Apostolic Tradition and that it had deepened over the centuries, as is the case for the change of the so-called Mass of St. Pius V", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThere are clear limits to the plena et suprema potestas of the Pope and Gamber wrote, citing the theologians Suarez and Cajetan that \"a Pope would become a schismatic if he would not, as it is his duty, be willing to maintain unity throughout in the body of the Church, but would try to excommunicate the whole Church or to change the traditinoal rites confirmed by the Apostolic ( here p. 37 ).", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nThe motu proprio of Benedict XVI. has made it \u200b\u200bclear that the traditional Mass was never abolished (and never could have been abolished) and that the new Mass of Paul VI. is optional, and as such may be criticized and rejected. No priest can be forced to say the new Mass or be prevented from celebrating the traditional Mass freely. Every decree or any arrangement which would impose something else, would abuse the Mass and must be rejected", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nJean Madiran has shown through his intellectual example, and how wide is the legitimate scope for the Catholic resistance to unjust commands. He was not an isolated voice. At his funeral, which was celebrated by Dom Louis Marie, the abbot Le Barroux in the \"Extraordinary\" Form, the representatives of the major communities of the tradition were present, the Fraternity of St. Peter , the Institute of Christ the King High Priest, the Institute of the Good Shepherd and the SSPX", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nJean Madiran, who describes himself as \"witness against his own time\" (Interview with Abbot Guillaume de Tano\u00fcarn in Certitudes , July-September 2002) was primarily a militant Catholic. Until the last day of his life he emphasized proudly his cultural and spiritual descent from the Catholic school of counter-revolution, known for their devotion to papal primacy in France as \"ultramontanes\" and their leaders Louis Veuillot, Dom Gu\u00e9ranger, and Cardinal Pie", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nMadiran summarized together the principles not only of the French school of thought and published a comprehensive intellectual and cultural genealogy: L'\u00e9cole (informal) contre-r\u00e9volutionnaire in Pr\u00e9sent of 18 February 2011. Those who criticize the world of tradition, are not aware that this world has deep intellectual roots and its vitality is currently in evidence with conflicts, such as the Franciscans of the Immaculate and the Old Mass, which is currently in progress", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nEveryone consequently, whether he is conscious or not, belongs to a direction, a school or a spiritual family. In life you have to decide which side you are on. Jean Madiran would have been on the side of those who today express their unswerving loyalty to the traditional Roman rite.", "Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares: There is a veritable Holocaust ongoing against Christians\nIntroduction / Translation: Giuseppe Nardi Image: Corrispondenza Romana Trans: Tancred [email protected]\nPosted by Tancred at 10:55\u202fAM 6 comments:\nLabels: auto-lesionism, Il Foglino, Immemorial Mass of All Ages, Jean Madiran, Persecution of Catholics, Roberto de Mattei\nStati Uniti EEUU re\u00fane a casi 700 ni\u00f1os migrantes con sus padres"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://celticroutes.info/experiences/christmas-across-the-celtic-routes/

Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes

["Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nChristmas across the Celtic Routes Christmas across the Celtic Routes\nChristmas across the Celtic Routes\nDid you know that some of our favourite Christmas rituals and traditions have originated from ancient Celtic customs?", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nThe decorating of the Christmas Tree is an old Irish pagan celebration, where decorations symbolised the three deities; the sun, the moon and the stars, and other ornaments were also placed on the tree to represent the souls of those who have died. The burning of the Yule log traditionally happened during the winter solstice, burnt by the Celts to shine a line at the darkest part of the year when they thought that the sun stood still for 12 days.", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nAnd in the sprit of Christmas here are a few more festive tales from across the Celtic Routes to delight and inspire.\nO little Welsh town of Bethlehem", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nNestled in the Tywi Valley, to the northeast of Llandeilo, the Welsh Bethlehem is a quiet and secluded spot, except that is at Christmas time, when thousands of people visit the small village so they can send their Christmas cards stamped with the unique Bethlehem postmark. Bethlehem lost its post office in the 1980s, but since the mid-1960s the tradition of posting Christmas cards from the village had been growing stronger and stronger", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nA Child\u2019s Christmas in Wales\nby Dylan Thomas\n\"One Christmas was so much like another, in those years around the sea-town corner now and out of all sound except the distant speaking of the voices I sometimes hear a moment before sleep, that I can never remember whether it snowed for six days and six nights when I was twelve or whether it snowed for twelve days and twelve nights when I was six...\"", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nWritten in 1952 a year before his death, Dylan Thomas\u2019 lyrical anecdote of his childhood Christmas spent in a small Welsh town portrays a nostalgic and simpler time. Synonymous with Laugharne, The Dylan Thomas Boathouse is where he would most likely have written this piece of prose.\nThe tradition of Plygain in Tenby", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nPlygain, meaning \u2018morning light\u2019, was a traditional religious service held in the local Parish Church at 3am every Christmas morning. In Tenby, the young men of the town would escort the Rector with lighted torches from the rectory to St Mary\u2019s Church for Plygain. The service consisted of prayer, praise, thanksgiving, and carols were sung", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nAfter the service the torches were re-lit and the congregation escorted the Rector back to his home with the church bell ringing continually until the time of the usual morning service. The rest of the day was devoted to pleasure, games of football were played, and old quarrels ended.", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nCardigan, Ceredigion\nDid you know that the Welsh town of Cardigan was temporarily renamed \"Jumper\" back in 2016 to coincide with Christmas Jumper Day? Mayor Clive Davies announced the change as Cardigan council joined forces with charity Save The Children to promote the annual tradition of wearing a Christmas Jumper. The town of Jumper only remained until Christmas Day of that year, when it reverted back to the original town name of Cardigan.\nWinter Solstice at The Piper's Stone", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nAlso known as Athgreany, meaning \u201cField of the Sun\u201d, the Piper's Stones are dedicated to the observation of the sun. Believed to be a megalithic calendar, these stones have been placed in such a way that the sun's shadows align the boulders to the major annual solar events; Winter Solstice, Spring Equinox, Summer Solstice and Autumn Equinox.", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nThe winter solstice marks our longest night of the year. This solar festival offers a time for quiet reflection and the opportunity to shine a light during the darkest part of the year.\nThe Wexford Carol\nCounty Wexford", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nThe Wexford Carol, which is said to date from the 12th century, is one of the oldest surviving Christmas carols in the European tradition. Originating from Co. Wexford, the carol only existed in the Irish language up until the early 1900s when famous composer, Dr. W.H. Grattan Flood, transcribed the carol from a local singer. It wasn't published until the year of his death in 1928, as No. 14 in the Oxford Book of Carols", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nSome may now know the carol as the Enniscorthy Carol, as it was recorded under this title by the Choir of Christ Church Cathedral Dublin on a Christmas recording in 1997.", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nA familiar decoration seen in abundance during the holiday season, but did you know that a number of new hollies were developed in county Wicklow", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\n? Edward Hodgins was an internationally famous nurseryman who set up Hodgins Nursey 1794 in Dunganstown. His rare trees, plants and flowers supplied grand botanical gardens and estates, not only in Ireland, but also in England. His work in raising a number of new hollies also garnered him much attention. Edward created three new hollies by crossing the Madeiran holly with holly native to Wicklow to create different types of this special festive plant", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nBallyknockan Village\nThe village of Ballyknockan is located on the northwest side of the Wicklow mountains overlooking Blessington Lakes. The village retains an air of ancient remoteness, unique charm, and scenic beauty. And on the outskirts of the village stands the so-called 'House in a Day'.", "Explore Christmas Traditions Along the Celtic Routes\nOn Christmas morning of 1887, a local landlord was determined to evict a poor widow and her family from their home. The landlord\u2019s men knocked the roof off her house whilst they were at mass and served them with an immediate eviction notice. At that time, there was a strange law that if a house was built within a day with smoke coming out of the chimney, the occupants couldn\u2019t be evicted, so the neighbours rallied together on Christmas Day to build a house"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://angelusnews.com/news/us-world/vatican-laicizes-former-nuncio-to-dominican-republic/

Vatican laicizes former nuncio to Dominican Republic

["Vatican laicizes former nuncio to Dominican Republic\nFollowing abuse accusations last fall involving the former apostolic nuncio to the Dominican Republic, the Vatican has concluded the first part of his canonical trial with a guilty verdict and laicization. Accusations of sexual misconduct were reported last year regarding the former nuncio Josef Wesolowski, which led to his Aug. 21 resignation", "Vatican laicizes former nuncio to Dominican Republic\nFollowing the publication of the initial accusations, a 13-year-old boy from the country said in a television interview that the Polish former archbishop had solicited him for sexual favors in exchange for money. He was then taken into protective custody by Dominican Republic officials", "Vatican laicizes former nuncio to Dominican Republic\nIn September the Vatican expressed their willingness to hand the former nuncio over to civil authorities, even though they are not required to do so since there is no extradition treaty between the Vatican and the Dominican Republic, and since they possess the legal right to invoke diplomatic immunity in protection of the nuncio. In a June 27 announcement making known Msgr", "Vatican laicizes former nuncio to Dominican Republic\nWesolowski\u2019s laicization, the Vatican explained that he now has two months in order to make an appeal, and that his penal trial before Vatican judicial authorities will begin again as soon as the canonical sentence is definite. The Vatican also specified that as the former nuncio waits for the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith\u2019s verification of the charges made against him, he has been granted a certain flexibility in terms of his freedom of movement", "Vatican laicizes former nuncio to Dominican Republic\nIn wake of the sentence passed by the congregation, the Holy See assured that all the necessary procedures will be taken relating to Msgr. Wesolowski, according to the gravity of the case", "Vatican laicizes former nuncio to Dominican Republic\nIn a September letter signed by Cardinal Nicol\u00e1s L\u00f3pez Rodr\u00edguez of Santo Domingo and president of the Dominican bishops' conference after the nuncio\u2019s accusation, the bishops called for a \u201cpurification of the Church and for the removal of those who unworthily exercise this ministry and do not deserve to be called priests.\u201d This purification, the letter read, should take place with \u201cthe collaboration of authentic priests, who are the majority, and of the church community.\u201d Members of the Church in the Dominican Republic are also recovering from the recent accusations of sexual abuse against Father Juan Manuel Mota de Jesus", "Vatican laicizes former nuncio to Dominican Republic\nA \u201croot problem\u201d of clergy abuse, Cardinal L\u00f3pez said, is \u201can undetermined number\u201d of candidates preparing for the priesthood who \u201cdo not have an authentic vocation\u201d and who \u201cduring formation are able to feign something that they are not, and if formation directors are not careful, they sneak into the clergy, and later the bishops pay the consequences for their excesses and turmoil.\u201d He then asked as president of the Dominican bishops for \u201cforgiveness of the victims of the heartless men who have abused them and their families\u201d as well as forgiveness \u201cof the community of the Catholic Church, which is humiliated by this unspeakable abuse, and also of the entire Dominican nation which is witnessing this unfortunate spectacle.\u201d The cardinal entreated civil authorities to \u201cact with conviction and clarity\u201d in their investigations, and prayed that \u201cthose who have done wrong assume responsibly the consequences of their actions.\u201d", "Vatican laicizes former nuncio to Dominican Republic\nAt least 12 dead as tropical storm lashes Haiti, Dominican Republic by Dennis Sadowski August 24, 2020\nTrump tweets he's 'honored' by former nuncio's letter by Junno Arocho Esteves June 11, 2020\nPope Francis accepts resignation of former nuncio to Chile by Hannah Brockhaus July 31, 2020"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.si/books?pg=PA205&dq=editions:ISBN0342101757&id=HJxOAQAAMAAJ&hl=sl&output=html_text

An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...

["An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\npart of this century, and they seem to have afforded to St. David the opportunity of establishing a number of churches in the country thus recovered,* in which none are found of older date, except those which were dedicated to the children of Brychan. Urien, after performing these services in Wales, appears to have proceeded to North Britain, where he regained his father's dominions; and with the assistance of his sons, supported a long and well contested struggle with Ida, the king of the Angles", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nHis exertions against the invaders in this quarter, which entitle him to be considered one of the most illustrious Britons of his age, would have succeeded in their expulsion, had he not been embarassed with the dissensions of his countrymen; and he was at last treacherously slain while besieging Deoric, the son of Ida, in the island of Lindisfarne", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nIt has been said that he was a saint of the congregation of Cattwg, but the assertion is inconsistent with his character as a warrior, which he maintained to the close of his life. He was the patron of the bards, Llywarch H\u00ean, and Taliesin ; and his heroic deeds have been celebrated in some of the best effusions of the Welsh muse.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nThe name \u201cNorth Britain\u201d is here used indefinitely for any part of the country reaching from the Humber to the Clyde, as the writer is unable to determine the location of its princes. This tract was occupied by the Cymry, or Britons of the same race as those who now inhabit the Principality of Wales, and whose name may be traced in the modern appellation of", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\n* That it was not originally under his jurisdiction is strongly implied in an abrupt passage in his Life by Ricemarchus, which says that Boducat and Maitrun, two saints of the province of Kidwelly, submitted themselves to him.-\"Duo quoque Sancti, Boducat et Maitrun, in provinci\u00e2 Cet. gueli, dederunt sibi manus.\" + ennius, and Poems of Taliesio and Llywarch H\u00ean.\nUrien Rheged is the Sir Urience of the romances of Arthur, and Caradog Fraichfras is Sir Carados bris bras.\nbut a very", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nthe county of Cumberland.* Their history, though involved in obscurity, is capable of investigation ; and it is to be hoped that the Welsh traditions, which throw light upon the subject, will not long be left unexamined. Meanwhile the following extracts from the pagest of a living historian, having reference to this people at a later period, may be read with interest.\n\u201c The Britons of Cumbria occupy a tolerably large space on the map,", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nsmall one in history ; their annals have entirely perished ; and nothing authentic remains concerning them except a very few passages, wholly consisting of incidental notices relating to their subjection and their misfortunes.-From the Ribble in Lancashire, or thereabouts, up to the Clyde, there existed a dense population, composed of Britons, who preserved their national language and customs, agreeing in all respects with the Welsh of the present day", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nSo that even in the tenth century, the ancient Britons still inhabited the greater part of the western coast of the island, however much they had been compelled to yield to the political supremacy of the Saxon invaders.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\n* * The Regnum Cumbrense' comprehended many districts, probably governed by petty princes or Reguli, in subordination to a chief Monarch or Pendragon. Reged appears to have been some where in the vicinity of Annandale. Strath-Clydef is, of course, the district or vale of Clydes-dale. In this district, or state, was situated Alcluyd, or Dunbritton, now Dumbarton, where the", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\n* The portion of Britain to the south of the Humber and east of the Se. vern, was inhabited by another race of Britons called \u201c Lloegrwys.\u201d The name by which the Welsh have invariably called themselves in their own language is \u201cCymry.\"\n+ Sir Francis Palgrave's History of the Anglo Saxons; a work which displays great research, and is illustrated with maps of the territories of the Britons and Anglo-Saxons at different eras.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nThe word strath is still universally used over all Scotland, highland and lowland, for valley. (Palgrave.) The corresponding word in Wales is ystrad.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nBritish kings usually resided; and the whole Cumbrian kingdom was not unfrequently called \u201cStrath-Clyde,' from the ruling or principal state. Many dependencies of the Cumbrian kingdom extended into modern Yorkshire, and Leeds was the frontier town between the Britons and the Angles ; but the former were always giving way, and their territory was broken and intersected by English settlements", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nCarlisle had been conquered by the Angles at a very early period; and Egfrith of Northumbria bestowed that city upon the see of Lindisfarne. * * * The Britons of Strath-Clyde, and Reged, and Cumbria, gradually melted away into the surrounding population; and, losing their language, ceased to be discernible as a separate race.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nYet it is most probable that this process was not wholly completed until a comparatively recent period. The \u2018Wallenses' or Welsh, are enumerated by David the Lion amongst his subjects, (A. D. 1124_1153 ;) and the laws or usages of the Brets or Britons continued in use until abolished by Edward I. at the period when Scotland, by his command appeared, by her representatives, in the English parliament at Westminster ; (A. D", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\n1304.) In the bishoprick of Glasgow, comprehending the greatest portion of the ancient Cumbrian kingdom, the barbarous' British speech generally gave way to that dialect of the Saxon English, which is usually called lowland Scottish, about the thirteenth century ; but in some secluded districts the language is thought to have lingered until the Reformation, when it was possibly destroyed by the ministration of the Protestant clergy", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nIn our English Cumberland and the adjoining Westmoreland, few British traditions yet survive among the people. Pendragon Castle reminds the traveller of the fabled Uther. Some of the mountains which adorn the landscape retain the appellations given them by the original population; and 'Skiddaw' and `Helvellyn' now rise, as the sepulchral monuments of a race which has passed away.\"", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nOne of the chiefs of North Britain, contemporary with Urien Rheged, was Dunawd or Dunod Fyr, * the son of Pabo, of the line of Coel Godebog. He appears to have gained some distinction as a warrior, and in the Triads he is called one of the three pillars of his country in battle", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nIt is uncertain whether he accompanied his father, whose retreat to Wales has been already described ; but in this generation he is found engaged in the north, where he disgraced his arms by fighting against the sons of Urien.t A reverse of fortune, however, obliged him to leave his territories, and to place himself under the protection of Cyngen ab Cadell, the prince of Powys, who had afforded his father an asylum", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nHe afterwards embraced a life of religion; and under the patronage of Cyngen, he became the founder, in conjunction with his sons, Deiniol, Cynwyl, and Gwarthan, of the celebrated college or monastery of \u00b7 Bangor Iscoed on the banks of the Dee in Flintshire", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nThis institution, over which he presided as abbot, was one of the most eminent in the island ; and, according to Bede, such was the number of its monks, that when they were divided into seven classes under their respective superintendents, none of these classes contained less than three hundred persons, all of whom supported themselves by their own labour. It furnished a large proportion of the learned men, who attended the Welsh bishops in their conference with St", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nAugustin, at which time Dunawd was still its abbot, though he must have been far advanced in years, for the earliest date assigned to that event is A. D. 599. The destruction of the monastery by Ethelfrith, king of Northumbria, soon followed, and it was never afterwards restored. Dunawd is the patron saint of the present church of Bangor in Flintshire,* and his festival was held on the seventh of September", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nHis wife, Dwywe, the daughter of Gwallog ab Llenog, has been classed with the saints, but there are no churches which bear her name.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\n* Sometimes called \u201cDunawd Fawr\u201d and \u201c Dunawd Wr;\" but it is uncertain which of the three epithets is the right one. The Latin name is \u201cDinothus ;\u201d and in Bede, \u201cDinoot Abbas.\u201d\n+ Poems of Llywarch H\u00ean.\n| Achau y Saint, Silurian copies. The monastery has often been styled, Bangor in Maelor, from its situation in a district of that name; and Bangor Dunod from its founder.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nS\u201cTantus fertur fuisse numerus Monachorum, ut cum in septem portiones esset cum pr\u00e6positis sibi Rectoribus Monasterium divisum, nulla harum portio minus quam trecentos homines haberet, qui omnes de labore manuum suarum vivere solebant.\u201d-Hist. Eccl. Lib. II. Cap. 2.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nCyngen, the son of Cadell, in whose territories the monastery of Bangor Iscoed was situated, is said to have endowed it with lands, for which he has had the reputation of sanctity, and there was once a church, dedicated to him, at Shrewsbury. One of his sons, Mawan ab Cyngen, whose life belongs to this generation, has also been deemed a saint, but nothing further is known respecting him.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nSawyl Benuchel, the brother of Dunawd, is described as an overbearing prince; and on account of his oppression, his party joined alliance with the Saxons, with whom they became one people.f He afterwards devoted himself to the service of religion, which appears to have been the common practice of the British chieftains upon the loss of their dominions, and the growing superstition of the age was favourable to such a custom", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nHe closed his life in the monastery of Bangor Iscoed, and is the patron saint of Llansawel, a chapel under Cynwyl Gaio, Carmarthenshire.", "An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...\nCarwyd, another brother of Dunawd, was also a saint, and an inmate of Bangor Iscoed, where he likewise ended his days.\nArddun Benasgell, the sister of Dunawd, was married to Brochwel Ysgythrog, a son of Cyngen ab Cadell The Cam\n* Chapels to Bangor,-Worthenbury (St. Deiniol ab Dunawd,) and Overton or Orton Madoc (St. Mary.)\n+ Triad 74, Third Series."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://camborne.wikidot.com/penaluna

The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819

["The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nCamborne Old Cornwall Society\nGowethas Kernow Goth Cambron\nBookmark or Share\n\u00a9 Camborne Old Cornwall Society 2006-2022\nThe Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nWelcome \u00bb Articles \u00bb The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe Circle, or Historical Survey of Sixty Parishes & Towns in Cornwall\nCAMBORNE.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThis parish is situated about four miles west of Redruth. Its name, which is neither disgraced nor dignified with the appellation of saint, is said to have been derived from a famous well that was formerly in high repute in this district, known by the name of Cam-burne Well. To this sacred fountain many of the young and aged formerly resorted, to acquire sanctity from its celebrated virtues", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nBut its reputation has been long on the decline, and its magical excellencies are only known from the tales of tradition, or the records of superstition.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nCamborne is bounded on the north by Illogan, on the east by Redruth, on the south by Gwinear, and on the west by Crowan. The town has of late years started into much consideration ; and being situated in the heart of a mining district, its population and trade may be expected to increase in proportion to the prosperity of the mines, and the current value of their treasures. As a growing rival to Redruth, it is already become a post and a market town", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nIts market, which is considerable, was established in 1802. Its commodious market-house was erected at the expence of Lord de Dunstanville. It has also four fairs for cattle, which are held in the church town, on March 7, Whitsun Tuesday, June 29, and on the second Tuesday in November. Besides the church town the principal villages are Berippa, Penpons, Trewithian, and Tucking Mill. But in almost every part, its surface is thickly sown with cottages belonging to the miners.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nOn the northern declivity of that ridge of granite, which stretches from the vicinity of Redruth towards the western extremity of the county, there is a regular line of copper mines distributed over a vast tract of country. Among these there are several known by the name of \"The Camborne Mines,\" from their being chiefly situated in this parish", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nSome of these have been working for several generations, by which means having descended to a considerable depth, they are now kept open at a vast increase of expence.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe ore of Wheal Gons and Stray-Park is chiefly of the yellow kind, and its richness corresponds with the brilliancy of its appearance. The lodes however, vary considerably in their dimensions, some being twelve feet wide, and others scarcely as many inches.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe celebrated mine of Dolcoath lies about three miles west from Carnbre ; and in its complicated machinery and workings, it suggests a vast idea of what the human powers, when muscular energy and scientific intellect combine, are capable of accomplishing, through years of unremitting perseverance. In this mine every thing is gigantic ; and the mind is bewildered in a chaos of sublime magnificence, in attempting to concentrate in one point a comprehensive view of its various phenomena", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe workings of this mine extend upwards of a mile in length ; but the breadth is irregular. This tract of country is intersected with innumerable shafts, most of which are connected together by some subterranean passages, by which the earth is eaten into a kind of honeycomb at the depth from the surface, of 1200 feet. On this mine there are eight engines, five to raise the rubbish and ore, and three to drain the extensive bottom of the water which is constantly collecting", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nAmong these engines, the largest is built upon the principle of Bolton and Watts, on a scale that is stupendous ; but the machinery is so ingeniously contrived, that diversified operations are performed with rapidity and ease. It accomplishes the labour of 200 horses, by lifting an enormous weight in the vast column of water that is moved at every stroke, in addition to fifty gallons which are discharged seven times in every minute.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe number of persons employed on this mine, including women and children, are about 1600. The quantity of copper extracted from the ore that is raised every month, amounts to between sixty and seventy tons, to which may be added a small quantity of tin. In former years this mine produced a small portion of cobalt. The largest sum that the adventurers ever realized in one month, during fifty years, was \u00a37040.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nCook's Kitchen was formerly for a long time one of the most productive mines in Cornwall ; and during the aggregate of ten years, which terminated with the last century, its real profits amounted to \u00a3100,000. Since that period, as its workings have gradually become deeper, the expence has regularly increased ; and the same quantity of ore, if sold at the same price as formerly, will leave the actual profits in a diminished state. The depth of this mine in some parts is at present nearly 200 fathoms", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nAlthough Cook's Kitchen yields ore of different sorts, its richest and most productive is that of the solid grey kind. Some of this grey ore is worth \u00a330 per ton, and occasionally 100 tons of ore will produce ninety tons of copper. When this metal is extracted, the remainder is sulphur mixed with arsenic and iron. In this extensive mine, as well as in Dolcoath, there are many lodes, the magnitudes of which bear only a small proportion to one another", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe long celebrated \"great north lode\" of Cook's Kitchen, is in some places fifty feet wide, while in others it is no more than six ; and consequently, its produce must vary in proportion to the dimensions that are exposed to view. Among the apparatus for draining it of water, and facilitating its workings, Cook's Kitchen has three very large overshot water-wheels, of which the respective diameters are 42, 48, and 54 feet", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe largest of these enormous wheels is under-ground ; and consequently this and all its appendages are concealed from the light of day. This subterranean machinery rarely fails to strike with wonder and admiration, such visitors as descend into these gloomy abodes.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nTin Croft, which is about 130 fathoms deep, produces a vast quantity of copper ore, and a small portion of tin. But as its workings are less extensive than those of Dolcoath and Cook's Kitchen, its expences are comparatively diminutive. Its profits therefore, have been for many years proportionably equal to any mine in the county.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe mines of Dolcoath, Cook's Kitchen, and Tin Croft, all lie on the same lodes, which extend into their respective jurisdiction. These run parallel with the granite ridge already noticed ; but what is remarkably singular, they do not incline in the same direction. In all these mines the iron stone or blue elvan is generally found, at a certain depth in their descent", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThis stone is so exceedingly hard, that it has been deemed equal to cast iron ; and in proportion to the thickness of the stratum which it makes, the progress of the miners is slow, the difficulty of breaking it great, and the expence of working it considerable. This elvan consists chiefly of quartz and schoerl, and sometimes it is found on the surface of the ground.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nSeveral other mines may be denominated from Camborne parish, some of which are productive, while others are much indebted to the adventurers. The mines in this district, as well as in others, submit to the vicissitudes which the price of their produce occasions. Some also that may be considered as belonging to this parish, extend their workings into other parishes ; so that an exclusive right cannot be claimed by any boundaries of parochial territory", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nAt Dolcoath mine, about two miles to the westward of Redruth, a stranger may be gratified at one view with a complete idea of the singular and interesting scenery peculiar to mining. The mine being situate on the brow of a hill, and reaching to an immense extent, the spectator will behold steam-engines, water-wheels, horse-whims, stamping-mills, &c. &c. all in full activity ; the effect of which is not a little heightened by the majestic elevation and imposing silence of the venerable Carnbre.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nIn a tenement called Carwynen, in this parish, there is a cromleh ; but it has nothing remarkable to merit a particular description. It has three supporters, which enclose an area five feet three inches wide, and seven feet long.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nA stone which has an equal claim to be reckoned among the antiques of this county, is placed against the wall of the church. This is a flat stone of an oblong square, about three feet long, and two feet wide. Near the margin there is a running wreath, by which the following inscription is enclosed :\u2014\nLEVIUT JUSIT HEC ALTARE PRO ANIMA SUA.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThis inscription requires prayers to be said for the soul of that man whose name it bears. From the name itself Leviut, it being Cornish for pilot or sailor, nothing can be inferred, that will serve to inform us whose soul it is that required an interest in the prayers of the passengers.\nIn this parish the remains of two ancient encampments are still visible ; one of these is on the tenement of Tregear, and the other on the barton of Drym.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe church is a handsome building, and from the appearance of its architecture, it was probably erected towards the conclusion of the fifteenth century. It has a nave and side aisles, with clustered pillars, and obtusely peaked arches. The capitals of the pillars are decorated with foliage in a manner that still distinguishes many of our Cornish churches. The pulpit is much ornamented with carvings, among which are many emblems of the Crucifixion, and to these are joined the royal arms of England", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThis appears to have been done about the time of building the church. Within this church there are several memorials for the family of Pendarves. There is a bust of Sir William in armour, on the head of which is a flowing peruke. The altar-piece, which is exceedingly magnificent, is of Sienna marble. This was erected in the year 1761, at the expence of Samuel Percival, Esq. whose lady brought to him the inheritance of Pendarves.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nBy Mrs. Grace Percival, the lady of the above Samuel Percival, Esq. a school was founded for the instruction of twelve boys and eight girls, in reading, writing, and arithmetic. This school is at Penpons, and the endowment consists of a house and twenty guineas per annum. Her munificence has also provided a temporary relief for widows and orphan children, which is annually distributed on Old Christmas Day", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe Wesleyan Methodists have a large and elegant meeting-house here, and a respectable congregation ; they have also meeting-houses in several parts of this parish.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nOn the tenement of Trewn, or Treun, Dr. Borlase mentions the walls of an ancient chapel, near a well called Fentoner, much noticed for the medicinal qualities of its waters. On the manor of Treslothan there are some remains of an ancient chapel.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nMenadarva, though now a farm house, was in early times a seat of the Arundells, descended from the Arundells of Trerice. To this branch of that family, it was given, according to Hals, by John Arundell, Esq. of Trerice, commonly called John Tilbury, because he was posted at this place under queen Elizabeth, to oppose the Spanish Armada in 1588", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThis bequest ran in the following words :\u2014\" I give and bequeath to my natural son John Arundell, my manor and barton of Menadarva in Camburne, and to his heirs lawfully begotten for ever.\" The last male heir (as was supposed) of this family dying without issue, his sisters on his demise took possession of this lordship, and on their marriages conveyed it to their respective husbands, who remained in the quiet enjoyment of their portions for many years", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nIt happened however, that a younger brother of these ladies, who had taken up his abode in Spain as a merchant, and who was known to be dead, and supposed to have left no issue, had actually left an infant son. This child who passed his minority in Spain, without knowing any thing of his father's connexions in England, visited this country when he came of age ; and, on reaching Cornwall, discovered this property, to which the laws of England gave him an undeniable right", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nHe set up his claim to the manor and barton of Menadarva, as the heir at law and brought on a trial at Launceston assizes. In this trial it appeared, on the oath of some Spanish merchants, that he was the legitimate son of Arundell, who died in Spain. In consequence of which a verdict was obtained in his favour, and at the time when Hals wrote, he was in the actual possession of the inheritance.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nPendarves, the seat of E. W. Pendarves, Esq. is a handsome modern building, having two fronts, which consist of squared granite. It is erected on a pleasing eminence, which commands an extensive view over the western part of the county. The southern front overlooks a large piece of artificial water, which considerably adds to the elegance of the whole.\nIn a field near Pendarves, is a cromleh, consisting of three upright stones, and nother covering them.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nRosewarne, which is near Camborne town, was the seat of the late William Harris, Esq. The situation of the house is not elevated, and consequently the prospects from it are not extensive; but its local beauties amply compensate for these deficiencies. The gardens and walks with which the house is surrounded, exhibit fertility in her neatest attire", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nThe house is rather conveniently large, than magnificently spacious; but its accommodations, that are adapted to every necessary purpose, render it a delightful habitation for such as prefer retirement and the charms of nature, to the artificial grandeur of tumultuous life.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nIn the workhouse belonging to this parish, which is situated in the vicinity of the town, a murder was committed about four years since, by an insane man, attended with circumstances of peculiar barbarity. The poor man, who had for some time been deranged, was chained in a room, and a woman appointed by the parish to attend upon him. For some time they lived together in peace", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nOne evening however, in the depth of winter, something occurred which it is supposed occasioned a quarrel between them ; when the woman being within his reach, he gave her a blow with some instrument, which he repeated until she expired. Alarmed at what he had done, his next contrivance was to conceal the body ; and to do this no other means were in his power but to consume it with fire", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nHaving taken this horrid resolution, he lighted up a funeral pile with some coals that were within his reach, to which he added every thing that could feed the flame ; and before the morning he had actually reduced it to ashes. The neighbours on the approach of daylight, were astonished at the extraordinary smell, which directed them to the fatal spot", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nOn breaking open the door, the woman was not to he found ; and the only reply they could obtain from the lunatic, was, that \"Molly was gone to ashes.\" Of this they discovered an enormous heap, in which were some fragments of bones, that on being touched turned to dust. The unhappy lunatic has since been removed to Bodmin Gaol, where he still continues, exhibiting an appearance that places human nature in its lowest state of pitiable degradation.", "The Circle - William Penaluna, 1819\nCamborne is distant twelve miles west-south-west from Truro ; contains 5933 acres, 887 houses, and about 5000 inhabitants; is in the hundred of Penwith.\nchurchcooks-kitchendolcoathmenadarvaminingmurderpendarvesrosewarnetincrofttroonworkhouse\nEdit Rate (0) Tags History Files Print Site tools + Options"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Source=1960CHA%2FWES1547&Units=SI&Mask=1A8F

No species in the database contian data from the requested reference: Chang, S.S.; Westrum, E.F., Heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of globular molecules. I. adamantane and hexamethylenetetramine, J. Phys. Chem., 1960, 64, 1547.

[""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://dailycelebrations.com/030401.htm

Daily Celebrations ~ William Penn, Pass Through Life But Once ~ March 4 ~ Ideas to motivate, educate, and inspire

["Daily Celebrations ~ William Penn, Pass Through Life But Once ~ March 4 ~ Ideas to motivate, educate, and inspire\nMarch 4 ~\ufffd Pass Through Life But Once Penn's Early Years\n\"I expect to pass through life but once. If, therefore, there be any kindness I can show, or any good thing I can do for any fellow being, let me do it now... as I shall not pass this way again.\" ~ William Penn", "Daily Celebrations ~ William Penn, Pass Through Life But Once ~ March 4 ~ Ideas to motivate, educate, and inspire\nBritish religious leader William Penn (1644-1718) was a champion for peace, love, and liberty. Born in London, he was the wealthy son of naval hero Admiral Sir William Penn. Young William studied at Oxford, became an advocate for Quaker practices, and was imprisoned for his \"radical\" writings.\n\"No pain, no palm; no thorns, no throne; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown,\" he once proclaimed.", "Daily Celebrations ~ William Penn, Pass Through Life But Once ~ March 4 ~ Ideas to motivate, educate, and inspire\nOn this day in 1681, to satisfy a debt, King Charles II of England granted Penn the deed and governorship of Philadelphia. Penn established \"The City of Brotherly Love\" as a haven for Quakers, a \"holy experiment to serve as the seed for the future nation.\"\nTo prove his commitment to brotherhood and because he respected their equality, Penn successfully made peace with the Delaware Indians, the most powerful tribe of all the Algonquians.", "Daily Celebrations ~ William Penn, Pass Through Life But Once ~ March 4 ~ Ideas to motivate, educate, and inspire\n\"Knowledge is the treasure,\" Penn believed, \"but judgment the treasurer of a wise man.\"\nIn removing the notion of ranks and class, Penn designed a government based on self-rule. He also called for the separation of church and state. Penn's ideals of brotherhood, freedom of worship, and representative government inspired Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson.\n\"The public must and will be served,\" wrote Penn. He drafted the Plan of Union in 1697, considered a forerunner of the U.S. Constitution.", "Daily Celebrations ~ William Penn, Pass Through Life But Once ~ March 4 ~ Ideas to motivate, educate, and inspire\n\"No man is fit to command another that cannot command himself,\" he said.\nShow kindness."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://library.uvm.edu/collections/dvds_and_other_videos?state=SearchName&name=IFANS%20RHYS

Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the

["Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nFilms with: Ifans, Rhys\nPeter Parker finds a clue that might help him understand why his parents disappeared when he was young. His path puts him on a collision course with Dr. Curt Connors, his father's former partner.", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nWas Shakespeare a fraud? Who really wrote about cloak-and-dagger political intrigue, illicit romances in the Royal Court, and the schemes of greedy nobles hungry for the power of the throne? Set against the backdrop of the succession of Queen Elizabeth I, and the Essex Rebellion against her, intrigue and suspense advance the theory that it was really Edward De Vere, Earl of Oxford, who penned Shakespeare's plays.\nBerlin Station.", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nFollows Daniel Miller (Richard Armitage), who has just arrived at the CIA foreign station in Berlin, Germany. Miller has a clandestine mission: to uncover the source of a leak who has supplied information to a now-famous whistleblower named Thomas Shaw. Guided by veteran Hector DeJean (Rhys Ifans), Daniel learns to contend with the rough-and-tumble world of the field agent: agent-running, deception, and the dangers and moral compromises.\nDancing at Lughnasa\nElizabeth the golden age /", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\n1585: Philip II's Catholic Spain is the most powerful empire in the world. Only England, ruled by Protestant Elizabeth, stands against him. The Queen is threatened by a depleted treasury, constant threats of assassination, and plots by Philip to install her cousin, Queen Mary of Scotland, on her throne", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nTo which end a great armada is poised to invade England--as punishment for the capture of his treasure-ships, and to make Europe safe for Catholicism--even as Elizabeth's attention is diverted to Sir Walter Raleigh, returned from the New World with two gifts: the territory of Virginia and tobacco. Facing her greatest challenge, Elizabeth must rally her country to safeguard her kingdom, destroy her enemies, and secure her position as \"Mother to her people.\"", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nA psychological thriller about a group of unsuspecting men whose lives are changed forever after they attempt to rescue the passenger of a runaway hot air balloon.\nExit through the gift shop", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nAn eccentric French shopkeeper turned documentary maker attempted to locate and befriend Banksy, only to have the artist turn the camera back on its owner with spectacular results. Banksy is a graffiti artist with a global reputation whose work can be seen on walls from post-hurricane New Orleans to the Palestinian segregation wall in the West Bank. Fiercely guarding his anonymity to avoid prosecution, Banksy has so far resisted all attempts to be captured on film. Bonus features included.\nGreenberg", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nRoger Greenberg is single, fortyish and deliberately doing nothing. In search of a place to restart his life, he agrees to housesit for his brother in LA and tries to reconnect with his former bandmate and successful ex-girlfriend. But old friends aren't necessarily still best friends, and Greenberg soon finds himself forging a connection with his brother's personal assistant, Florence. Greenberg has come to realize that he may at last have found a reason to be happy.", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nNemo Nobody leads an ordinary existence with his wife Elise and their three children until the day when reality skids and he wakes up as an old man in the year 2092. At 120, Mr. Nobody is both the oldest man in the world and the last mortal of a new mankind where nobody dies anymore.", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nA rogue band of DJs captivate Britain in the 1960s. The music they play defines a generation and the DJs stand up to a government that, incomprehensibly, preferred jazz. The Count is a big, brash, American god of the airwaves; Quentin is the boss of Radio Rock", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nRadio rock is a pirate radio station situated in the middle of the North Atlantic that's populated by an eclectic crew of rock and roll DJs that include: Gavin, the greatest DJ in Britain who has just returned from his drug tour of America who wants to reclaim his rightful position; Dave, an ironic, intelligent and cruelly funny co-broadcaster; and a fearsome British government official out for blood against the drug takers and lawbreakers of a once-great nation.", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nAn inksetter in New York, Quoyle returns to his family's longtime home, a small fishing town in Newfoundland, with his young daughter, after a traumatizing experience with her mother, who sold her to an illegal adoption agency. Though Quoyle has had little success thus far in life, his shipping news column in the local newspaper finds an audience, and his experiences in the town begin to change his life.", "Ifans, Rhys - DVDs & Other Videos from the\nThe incredible untold story of Edward Snowden, the polarizing figure who exposed shocking illegal surveillance activities by the NSA and became one of the most wanted men in the world. He is considered a hero by some, and a traitor by others."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.hutchnews.com/story/news/2013/12/11/new-johnny-cash-album-to/20863055007/

New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring

["New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\nNew Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\nChris Talbott\nAP Music Writer\nNASHVILLE - There's new never-before-heard music coming from Johnny Cash.\nCash's estate is releasing \"Out Among the Stars,\" an album he recorded with Billy Sherrill in the early 1980s that was never released by Columbia Records, then disappeared when the company dropped Cash in 1986. Turns out Cash and his wife, June Carter Cash, stashed the tapes - along with just about everything else that came into their possession.", "New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\n\"They never threw anything away,\" said their son, John Carter Cash. \"They kept everything in their lives. They had an archive that had everything in it from the original audio tapes from 'The Johnny Cash Show' to random things like a camel saddle, a gift from the prince of Saudi Arabia.\"", "New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\nThey stored away so much, in fact, the younger Cash and archivists at Legacy Recordings didn't find the material until last year, long after the family began issuing archival music by Cash. \"Out Among the Stars\" will be out March 25, and continues an intense period of interest in the singer, who helped shape modern country and rock 'n' roll music and became an American pop cultural figure before his death 10 years ago at age 71.", "New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\nMultiple music, book and restoration projects have been started in the past 18 months to mark what would have been the singer's 80th birthday and the 10th anniversary of his death. The music being released was recorded during a difficult period for Cash personally and professionally.", "New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\nColumbia paired him with Sherrill, a producer and Country Music Hall of Fame member who was then the president of CBS Records Nashville. One of the main architects of country music's so-called countrypolitan sound, Sherrill helped push the genre toward pop sounds and conventions - and away from Cash's more independent-minded ways.", "New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\nThe pairing came at a time when Cash was at a low ebb in his popularity. The music on \"Out Among the Stars\" is taken from 1981 and '84 sessions, at a time when country music was going through great change.", "New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\n\"Dad was always uniquely himself,\" Cash said. \"And later on the world would come back around. He never modified himself. But Nashville at the time was in a completely different place. It was the 'Urban Cowboy' phase. It was pop country, and dad was not that. I think him working with Billy was sort of an effort by the record company to put him more in the circle of Music Row and see what could happen at the heart of that machine.\"", "New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\nIt was clear record company executives didn't think much of the outcome. They put out a few more Cash albums after the recordings were made, but never used the music from those sessions before dropping him. Sherrill backed Cash with a band that consisted of fellow Country Hall of Fame member Hargus \"Pig\" Robbins and a young friend of Cash's named Marty Stuart.", "New Johnny Cash album to be released next spring\nThe younger Cash and his co-producer, archivist Steve Berkowitz, decided they'd bring Stuart back in to re-record his parts with 30 years more experience as a picker. Others, including Buddy Miller and Jerry Douglas, helped fortify the original tapes as well. The 12 tracks include a duet with Waylon Jennings and two with June Carter Cash."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-day-fasting-humiliation-and-prayer

Proclamation: Day of Fasting, Humiliation, and Prayer

["Proclamation: Day of Fasting, Humiliation, and Prayer\n12th President of the United States: 1849 \u2010 1850\nProclamation\u2014Day of Fasting, Humilia\u00adtion, and Prayer\nA Recommendation\nAt a season when the providence of God has manifested itself in the visitation of a fearful pestilence, which is spreading itself throughout the land, it is fitting that a people, whose reliance has ever been in his protection, should humble themselves before his throne; and, while acknowledging past transgressions, ask a continuance of the Divine mercy.", "Proclamation: Day of Fasting, Humiliation, and Prayer\nIt is, therefore, earnestly recommended that the first Friday in August be observed throughout the United States as a day of Fasting, Humiliation, and Prayer", "Proclamation: Day of Fasting, Humiliation, and Prayer\nAll business will be suspended in the various branches of the public service on that day; and it is recommended to persons of all religious denominations to abstain, as far as practicable, from secular occupations, and to assemble in their respective places of Public Worship, to acknowledge the infinite goodness which has watched over our existence as a nation, and so long crowned us with manifold blessings; and to implore the Almighty, in his own good time, to stay the destroying hand now lifted against us.", "Proclamation: Day of Fasting, Humiliation, and Prayer\nZ. Taylor.\nWashington, July 3, 1849.\nSource: Published in Louisville Courier, July 7, 1849.\nZachary Taylor, Proclamation\u2014Day of Fasting, Humilia\u00adtion, and Prayer Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/351943"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.native-net.org/indians/cochise.html

Cochise

["Cochise\nOne of the most famous Native Americans in Apache history is the broad shouldered, six foot tall, prominently voiced and never photographed, Cochise. Cochise was the son of a Chiricahua Apache chief who became the celebrated leader of the Apache after the death of his father. He had married a daughter of Magnas Coloradas, the chief of the Mimbre\u00f1o Apache band", "Cochise\nCochise and his band lived in southern Arizona and western New Mexico, where they had suffered atrocious victimization by Spanish and Mexican scalp hunters and slave traders.", "Cochise\nCochise had successfully maintained a peaceful relationship with the Whites who started to populate the country and had worked with the army leaders, permitting the Whites to pass through their land in their quests to California. He even allowed some of his own men to work at the Apache Pass with stagecoaches and firewood supplies. This peace was interrupted when Cochise was called to a meeting there and accused of kidnapping a white man\u2019s child", "Cochise\nCochise denied the accusations and in a resulting melee, Cochise was seriously wounded and he and five other men were arrested. Cochise escaped captivity and in retaliation, captured three White settlers whom he used as hostages in order to procure his men from captivity safely. The request was denied and Cochise stood accused for the kidnapping of the child even still. Cochise then took the lives of the settlers and war had begun.", "Cochise\nCochise and his followers were forced deep into the Dragoon Mountains for several years until he met with General Oliver O. Howard in 1872 and he had promised that there would be no more raids if the Chiricahua were assured their people were given a reservation in their own territory. Cochise was a man of his word, and brought his 200 people onto the reservation in 1872. Shortly after, 600 more Apache joined him there, and he continued to live peacefully until his death in June of 1874."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Bewshaw

Origin and Meaning of the Surname Bewshaw

["Origin and Meaning of the Surname Bewshaw\nThis most interesting surname is of Old French origin, and originated as a nickname for someone of a cheerful, pleasant demeanour or disposition, or for someone considered to be good looking, derived from the Old French elements \"beu, bel\", fair, lovely and \"chere\", face, countenance. Variants of the surname in the modern idiom include Belsher, Belshaw, Beuscher, Beaushaw, Bewshire, Bewshaw, Bewshea, Beushaw and Bowsher", "Origin and Meaning of the Surname Bewshaw\nThe name is also found in the York cycle of Medieval Mystery Plays as a term of address, often derogatory: Herod addresses a messenger, \"Bewcher! wele ye be\", and when Annas orders a boy who has been bound to be brought in, the soldier announces, \"Lo, here is the belschere broght that ye bad bring\". The surname is one of only a few names which have retained their original spelling since the first recordings in the early 13th Century (see below)", "Origin and Meaning of the Surname Bewshaw\nRichard Belecher is recorded in the Hundred Rolls of Gloucestershire in 1275, and Alexander Belcher is mentioned in the Feet of Fines of Essex in 1453. Jonathan Belcher (1682 - 1757) was governor of Massachusetts Colony (1729 - 1741), and was one of the founders of Princeton University. He was a wealthy merchant, having inherited a substantial fortune from his father, Andrew Belcher (died 1717). The family were established there by Andrew Belcher in 1654", "Origin and Meaning of the Surname Bewshaw\nThe first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Thomas Belcher, which was dated 1219, witness in the \"Assize Court Rolls of Yorkshire\", during the reign of King Henry 111, known as \"The Frenchman\", 1216 - 1272. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to \"develop\" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.imcafs.org/view/3bcd66ccdc6a2bd1955f1524e127fa60.html

germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred

["germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nFrom the escalation in Ukraine to the bloody conflict in Palestine to the barbaric murders of the \"Islamic State\" in Syria and Iraq: what we are witnessing today is a plethora of highly threatening events. But while some wars are downright rocking, almost like a natural disaster, others cause the greatest excitement", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIn principle, however, indifference to human rights violations seems to be on the increase, certainly not least because of the devastating experience since the beginning of the last Iraq war, an infertile resignation seems to be spreading.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nWhile the victims of the Syrian civil war are now only part of the general background noise, Israel's war against the Gaza Strip motivates hate songs and attacks on Jews, especially by Muslim immigrant groups, including many \"bio-Germans\".", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nSound voices, such as anti-Semitism researcher Wolfgang Benz, all too quickly point out t hat the sum of anti-Semitic attitudes has indeed not increased.[1] It is just as true, however, that the war in Gaza has lowered barriers, so that attitudes have now become actions. With disastrous results: a slogan like \"Jew, Jew, cowardly pig, come out and fight\" alone! \"many in Germany would no longer have thought it possible to say nothing of the various direct attacks and attacks on Jews.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nThe fact that this hatred is breaking out so brutally in Germany is a new \"quality\" of anti-Semitism. Apparently, the Gaza war provides a welcome opportunity for those who are anti-Semitic in any case to live out their anti-Semitic attitudes openly in the form of Israeli hostility.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIndeed, while it is true that the Israeli oppression of the Palestinians in the West Bank does not in any way cause all the instability in the Middle East, as is all too well implied by interested groups, it is also true that the State of Israel for the mental sensitivity of Western societies, especially Germany and the USA, plays a major role.\nWar without proportionality", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nSo much so, unfortunately, against the background of latent but also new anti-Semitic sentiments, the latest outbreak of hatred and violence was to be expected, so little does it escape the duty to judge the Israeli campaign accurately: moral, legal, but above all political.\nMorally, in view of the dignity and vulnerability of each individual, the Israeli campaign against Gaza, with its near-2000 deaths, including civilians and countless children, is in no way justified.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nLegally speaking, however, the perspective shifts: since the world of states and similar entities is (or should be) not morally (or should be) ordered according to principles, but by international law, the assessment is different. Indeed, international war law accepts so-called \"collateral damage\". Thus, Article 51 of the Geneva Additional Protocol of 1949 prohibits attacks on civilians only if they are not \"proportionate to an expected concrete and immediate military advantage.\"", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIt is immediately apparent that the problem with this legal standard lies in the required \"proportionality\". While some, such as Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan, boast of an Israeli \"genocide\" against the Palestinians, Israeli friends see the campaign as a moderate, almost minimally invasive intervention in the service of the right to self-defence.\nIrrationality on both sides", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nBut both sides are wrong: with the Iron Dome, which largely defends the missile terror, Israel's air sovereignty is almost reached, which is why major \"collateral damage\" among the Palestinian civilian population cannot be legitimised.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nOn the other hand, it is more difficult to assess the ground offensive with the aim of destroying the tunnels serving terrorist attacks. Since Hamas is using it to secure civilian facilities and housing, Israel's action in this case may still be justified under international war law. Of course, the high number of Palestinian civilian casualties shows that the'proportionality'required by international law is scarcely in place.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nHowever, if, according to Prussia's military mastermind Carl von Clausewitz, war is always the continuation of politics by other means, it becomes clear that this approach to arms must be judged primarily politically. But then it turns out that the war that the Israeli army and the Hamas militias are waging, operating separately but united, is ultimately waged jointly against the civilian population of Gaza, is nothing more than the military expression of highly irrational attitudes on both sides", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nWhile anti-Semitic Hamas has still not realised that it cannot defeat Israel either by suicide bombers or by terror from the air or the ground, the political majority of Jewish Israelis still do not understand that even the patient settlement policy makes any peace impossible. With continued settlement policy and the strangulation of Gaza, months or years of non-war are at best to be expected, always interrupted by recurring bloody arms movements.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nBut even the mantra repeated by all Israeli governments that only direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians lead to a \"two-state solution\" is now refuted. International politics must finally understand that the political majorities of Israel, as well as a decisive minority among the Palestinians, will simply not be able to conclude peace on their own for the foreseeable future", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIt is therefore time for the world's (still) competent powers, the US, Russia and the EU, Israel and the Palestinians, to dictate a two-state solution. The political levers are ready: Thus, the US would only have to borrow and supply arms (2013 was the 3rd billion. To freeze the ultra-right coalition government in Jerusalem, while other Western states would have stopped their relations with the supporters of Hamas, like Qatar, whether by refusing the World Cup 2022.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nThe German Foreign Minister, cautiously as he is, has proposed a'CSCE'for the Middle East. In fact, however, it can only be a dictatorship, a peace treaty. Only an external peace can relieve Arabs and Jews and thus create the conditions they need to reach an agreement, given the inevitable.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIt is possible that the Gaza war, triggered by the murder of Jewish and Arab youths, but by no means caused by it, subsequently means the event that was necessary in order to force Israelis and Palestinians to make that peace which they apparently cannot make on their own. After all, American support for the Netanyahu government is increasingly waning. The massive criticism of the Israeli bombing policy, as well as the suspension of American flights to Israel in the meantime, were clear signs of this.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nBut it is equally conceivable that, if peace efforts fail, this war will prove to be the last chance to stop Israel's path to apartheid. Unfortunately, there is much to be said for the latter: former heads of Israeli intelligence, most recently Juval Diskin, have shown that the return of half a million Jewish settlers in Jerusalem and the West Bank is already scarcely possible", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nThis, however, and with a Gaza that is permanently unsatisfied, the geographical conditions for a \"two-state solution\" are no longer in place. Each view of a map of the West Bank with its various zones and streets, where only Israeli cars are allowed to drive, shows a territorial patchwork that avoids any unified statehood, from the violent attacks by right-wing Israeli settlers on their Palestinian neighbours. Not to mention...", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIf the settlement continues, Israel and the territories occupied by it will eventually become, as the US Secretary of State John Kerry rightly said, an apartheid state. In comparison with South Africa before 1990's, Kerry was not about racism, but about the indication that there, for decades, a white minority has excluded the black majority from democratic self-determination", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIn Israel, on the borders of 1967, there are currently more than six million Jews and slightly less than two million Arabs; in the West Bank, including the eastern part of Jerusalem, there are half a million Jews and over two million Arabs. And even today, the proportion of Arab residents in Israel and the West Bank is expected to increase continuously. The fact that this apartheid state is the exact opposite of what the early Zionists dreamed was hardly worth mentioning.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nBut one hope remains: crises, in both individual and political life, also offer opportunities. It may be that the Gaza war is perhaps Israel's last chance to save Zionism. However, if this last chance is lost, the Zionist project, which has always been about more than one Jewish-dominated state, over a hundred years old, will irrevocably fail, without prejudice to the fact that the State of Israel, which has the fourth largest army in the world, is not to be defeated militarily.\nRemove firewalls", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nThe conflict in Palestine offers the permanent members of the UN Security Council, whose cooperation is currently at a low point, the ideal opportunity, at least in one area, to show unity again. Unfortunately, the war in Ukraine and the murderous civil war in Syria and Iraq demonstrate that the major powers are currently apparently unwilling to act together.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIn fact, it is precisely for internal political reasons that Western states have a great interest in a de-escalation, because here, as in our neighbour France, hatred of Jews is breaking ever stronger and violent ground", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nBut if the Middle East is not to be satisfied, at least the inner peace of our societies should be ensured, through an intensified interreligious dialogue between Jews, Christians and Muslims, as well as through educational work, especially in urban areas with young people from Arab-Islamic countries of origin", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIn their case, frustration at the lack of integration in Germany may be one, but it is also just one, cause of the escalation of violence: since one cannot be open to the host country with its precarious status, the conflict in the Middle East must be held to account.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nHowever, the example of France shows that the issue of nationality cannot seem to play a decisive role: in France, unlike here, migrants do not have a precarious status of residence. They are French and still protest, and even more massively, against Israel and \"the Jews\". But they too are not well integrated socially and professionally, just as the migrants are with us. This is probably why anti-Semitism is growing even more strongly in France than in the Federal Republic.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nThe Cross Front: An unholy alliance\nHere, moreover, it can be observed, perhaps even more clearly than in France, that the enemy-friend mentality is not only found in Muslim immigrant communities, but can also be traced back to old resentments in the \"biodiesel\" population.", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nWhat is currently gathering here is a new unholy alliance, made up of left-wing anti-imperialists, quite a few supporters of the radical right, the NPD, migrant youth, Salafist groups and, last but not least, a new national-neutral alliance. This \"cross-front\", inspired and directed by the former anti-German publicist Jurgen Elsaser, is an expression of the new quality of anti-Semitism, which is why it will need to be observed more closely in the future", "germany and the middle east: the escalation of hatred\nIn addition to strengthening integration measures, it will therefore also be important to pursue anti-Semitic crimes firmly. That is why it was a mistake for the Berlin Public Prosecutor to classify the anti-Semitic calls to the demonstrations not as an affront to the people, but merely as an insult. It is precisely at this point that political firewalls need to be firmly erected. More, as fatalistic as it sounds, is hardly possible at the moment anyway."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.co.ls/books?id=scIPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA11-IA13&vq=David&dq=editions:ISBN0576192074&lr=&output=html_text&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1

Biblical Literature: Aaron

["Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAA'RON, the eldest son of Amram and Jochebad, of the tribe of Levi, and brother of Moses. He was born B.C. 1574 (Hales, B.C. 1730), three years before Moses, and one year efore Pharaoh's edict to destroy the male children of the Israelites (Exod. vi. 20; vii. 7). His name first occurs in the mysterious interview which Moses had with the Lord, who appeared to him in the burning bush, while he kept Jethro's flock in Horeb", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAmong other excuses by which Moses sought to evade the great commission of delivering Israel, one was hat he lacked that persuasive readiness of speech (literally was not a man of words') which appeared to him essential to such an undertaking. But he was reminded that his brother Aaron possesred in a high degree the endowment which he deemed so needful, and could therefore speak in his name and on his behalf (Exod. iv. 14)", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nDuring the forty years' absence of Moses in the land of Midian, Aaron had married a woman of the tribe of Judah, named Elisheba (or Elizabeth), who had born to him four sons, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazer, and Ithamar; and Eleazer had, before the return of Moses, become the father of Phinehas (Exod. vi. 23-25).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nreceive the tables of the law, the people seem While Moses was absent in the mountain to growing impatient at the protracted absence of to have looked upon Aaron as their head, and their great leader, they gathered around Aaron. and clamorously demanded that he should provide them with a visible symbolic image of their God, that they might worship him as other gods were worshipped", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAaron ventured not to stem the torrent, but weakly complied with their demand; and with the ornaments of gold which they freely offered, cast the figure of a calf or young bull, being doubtless that of the bull-god Apis at Memphis, whose worship exmeaning of this image as a symbol of the true tended throughout Egypt. However, to fix the God, Aaron was careful to proclaim a feast to Jehovah for the ensuing day", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nOn that day the people met to celebrate the feast, after the fashion of the Egyptian festivals of the calf-idol, with dancing, with shouting, and with sports.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nthe mountain, provided with the decalogue. Meanwhile Moses had been dismissed from written by the finger of God,' on two tablets of stone. These, as soon as he came sufficiently near to observe the proceedings in the camp, he in pieces. His re-appearance confounded the cast from him with such force that they brake multitude, who quailed under his stern rebuke, and quietly submitted to see their new-made idol destroyed. For this sin the population was decimated by sword and plague (Exod. xxxii.).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAfter forty years of separation they met and embraced each other at the mount of Horeb arrived in Gosher, Aaron introduced his brother When they to the chiefs of Israel, and assisted him in open- Moses had received instructions regarding the During his long absence in the mountain, ing and enforcing the great commission which ecclesiastical establishment, the tabernacle [TAhad been confided to him (Exod. iv. 27-31)", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nIn BERNACLE], and the priesthood [PRIESTS], which the subsequent transactions, from the first inter- he soon afterwards proceeded to execute", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nUnder view with Pharaoh till after the delivered nation the new institution Aaron was to be high-priest, had passed the Red Sea, Aaron appears to have and his sons and descendants priests; and the been almost always present with Moses, assist- whole tribe to which he belonged, that of Levi, ing and supporting him; and no separate act of was set apart as the sacerdotal or learned caste his own is recorded. This co-operation was [LEVITES]. ever afterwards maintained", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAaron and Hur had been completed, and every preparation Accordingly, after the tabernacle were present on the hill from which Moses sur-made for the commencement of actual service, veyed the battle which Joshua fought with the Aaron and his sons were consecrated by Moses, Amalekites; and these two long sustained the who anointed them with the holy oil and inweary hands upon whose uplifting the fate of vested them with the sacred garments. the battle was found to depend (Exod. xvii", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nperiod of nearly forty years that it was filled by him, the incidents which bring him historically before us are very few. It is recorded to his honour that he held his peace' when his two eldest sons were, for their great offence, struck dead before the sanctuary (Lev. x. 1-11) [ABIHU]", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAaron would seem to have been liable to some fits of jealousy at the superior influence and authority of his brother; for he at least sanctioned the invidious conduct of his sister Miriam [MIRIAM], who, after the wife of Moses had been brought to the camp by Jethro, became apprehensive for her own position, and cast reflections upon Moses, much calculated to lamage his influence, on account of his marriage with a foreigner-always an odious thing Among the Hebrews", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nFor this, Miriam was struck with temporary leprosy, which brought the high-priest to a sense of his sinful conduct, and e sought and obtained forgiveness (Num. xii.). Some twenty years after (B.c. 1471), when the camp was in the wilderness of Paran, a formiiable conspiracy was organized against the sacerlotal authority exercised by Aaron and his sons, and the civil authority exercised by Moses", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThis 3onspiracy was headed by chiefs of influence and station-Korah, of the tribe of Levi, and Dathan and Abiram, of the tribe of Reuben KORAH]. But the Divine appointment was conirmed by the signal destruction of the conspirators: and the next day, when the people assembled tumultuously and murmured loudly at the destruction which had overtaken their leaders and friends, a fierce pestilence broke out among them, and they fell by thousands on the spot", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nWhen this was seen, Aaron, at the command of Moses, filled a censer with fire from the altar, ind, rushing forward, he stood between the lead and the living,' and the plague was stayed Num. xvi.)", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThis was in fact another attestation of the Divine appointment; and, for its further confirmation, the chiefs of the several tribes were required to lay up their staves overnight in the tabernacle, together with the rod of Aaron for the tribe of Levi; and in the morning it was found that, while the other rods remained as they were, that of Aaron had budded, blossomed, and yielded the fruit of almonds", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThe rod was preserved in the tabernacle in evidence of the Divine appointment of the Aaronic family to the priesthood (Num. xvii. 1).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAaron was not allowed to enter the Promised Land, on account of the distrust which he, as well as his brother, manifested when the rock was stricken at Meribah (Num. xx. 8-13). His Leath indeed occurred very soon after that event", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nFor when the host arrived at Mount Hor, the Divine mandate came, that Aaron, accompanied by his brother Moses and by his son Eleazer, should ascend to the top of that mountain in the view of all the people; and that he should there transfer his pontifical robes to Eleazer, and then die. He was 123 years old when his career thus terminated; and his son and his brother buried him in a cavern of the mountain [HOR, MOUNT]", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThe Israelites mourned for him thirty days; and on the first day of the month Ab the Jews still hold a fast in commemoration of his death.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAB (father) is found as the first member of several compound Hebrew proper names-such as Abner, father of light; Abiezer, father of help; &c. By a process which it is not difficult to conceive, the idea of a natural father became modified into that of author, cause, source (as when it is said, 'has the rain a father?'-Job xxxviii. 28). So that, in course of time, the original meaning was so far modified that the word was sometimes applied to a woman, as in Abigail, father of joy.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAB is the Chaldee name of that month which is the fifth of the ecclesiastical and eleventh of the civil year of the Jews. It commenced with the new moon of our August (the reasons for this statement will be given in the article MONTHS), and always had 30 days. This month is preeminent in the Jewish calendar as the period of the most signal national calamities. The 1st is memorable for the death of Aaron (Num. xxxiii. 38)", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThe 9th is the date assigned to the following events:-the declaration that no one then adult, except Joshua and Caleb, should enter into the Promised Land (Num. xiv. 30); the destruction of the first Temple by Nebuchadnezzar (to these first two the fast of the fifth month,' in Zech. vii. 5, viii", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n19, is supposed to refer); the destruction of the second Temple by Titus; the devastation of the city Bettar, and the slaughter of Ben Cozibah (Bar Cocab), and of several thousand Jews there; and the ploughing up of the foundations of the Temple by Turnus Rufus the two last of which happened in the time of Hadrian.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThe 9th of the month is observed by the Jews as a fast, in commemoration of the destruction of the first Temple: the 15th is the day appointed for the festival of the wood-offering, in which the wood for the burnt-offering was stored up in the court of the Temple: to which Nehemiah alludes in x. 34, and xiii. 31. Lastly, the 18th is a fast in the memory of the western lamp going out in the Temple in the time of Ahaz (2 Chron. xxix", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n7, where the extinction of the lamps is mentioned as a part of Ahaz's attempts to suppress the Temple service). For an inquiry into what is meant by the western or evening lamp, see the article CANDLESTICK.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nABAD'DON, or APOLLYON (destruction). The former is the Hebrew name, and the latter the Greek, for the angel of death, described (Rev. ix. 11) as the king and chief of the Apocalyptic locusts under the fifth trumpet, and as the angel of the abyss or bottomless pit' [HADES].", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAB'A\u00d1A, or, as it is given in the marginal reading, AMANA, the name of one of the rivers which are mentioned by Naaman (2 Kings v. 12), Abana and Pharpar,' as 'rivers of Damascus.' Amana signifies 'perennial,' and is probably the true name. At the present day it is scarcely possible to discover with certainty the stream to which this name was applied", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThe most recent conjecture seeks the Abana in the small river Fidgi, which rises in a pleasant valley fifteen or twenty miles to the north-west of Damascus and falls into the Barrada, the main stream by which Damascus is irrigated.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAB'A\u0158IM, a mountain, or rather chain of mountains, which form or belong to the mountainous district east of the Dead Sea and the lower Jordan. It presents many distinct masses", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nand elevations, commanding extensive views of the country west of the river. From one of the highest of these, called Mount Nebo, Moses surveyed the Promised Land before he died. From the manner in which the names Abarim, Nebo. and Pisgah are connected (Deut. xxxii. 49, Get thee up into this mountain Abarim, unto Mount Nebo; and xxxiv", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n1, Unto the mountain of Nebo, to the top of Pisgah'), it would seem that Nebo was a mountain of the Abarim chain, and that Pisgah was the highest and most commanding peak of that mountain. The loftiest mountain of the neighbourhood is Mount Attarus, about ten miles north of the Arnon; and travellers have been disposed to identify it with Mount Nebo. It is represented as barren, its summit being marked by a wild pistachio-tree overshadowing a heap of stones.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAB'BA is the Hebrew word Ab, father, under a form peculiar to the Chaldee idiom (Mark xiv. 36; Rom. viii. 15; Gal. iv. 6).\n1. ABDON (a servant), the son of Hillel, of the tribe of Ephraim, and tenth judge of Israel. He succeeded Elon, and judged Israel eight years. Nothing is recorded of him but that he had forty sons and thirty nephews, who rode on young asses-a mark of their consequence (Judg. xii. 13-15). Abdon died B.c. 1112.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThere were three other persons of this name, which appears to have been rather common. They are mentioned in 1 Chron. viii. 23; ix. 36; and 2 Chron. xxxiv. 20.\n2. ABDON, a city of the tribe of Asher, which was given to the Levites of Gershom's family (Josh. xxi. 30; 1 Chron. vi. 74).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nABED NEGO (servant of Nego, i. e. Nebo), the Chaldee name imposed by the king of Babylon's officer upon Azariah, one of the three companions of Daniel. With his two friends, Shadrach and Meshach, he was miraculously delivered from the burning furnace, into which they were cast for refusing to worship the golden statue which Nebuchadnezzar had caused to be set up (Dan. iii.).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nA'BEL, properly HEBEL, the second son of Adam, who was slain by Cain, his elder brother (Gen. iv. 1-16). The circumstances of that mysterious transaction are considered elsewhere [CAIN]. To the name Abel a twofold interpretation has been given. Its primary signification is weakness or vanity. By another rendering it signifies grief or lamentation, both meanings being justified by the Scripture narrative", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nCAIN (a possession) was so named to indicate both the joy of his mother and his right to the inheritance of the first-born: Abel received a name indicative of his weakness and poverty when compared with the supposed glory of his brother's destiny, and prophetically of the pain and", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nsorrow which were to be inflicted on him and his parents.\nABEL, a name of several villages in Israel, with additions in the case of the more important, to distinguish them from one another. It appears to mean fresh grass; and the places so named may be conceived to have been in peculiarly verdant situations.\nABEL, ABEL-BETH-MAACAH, or ABEL-MAIM, a city in the north of Palestine, which seems to have been of considerable strength from its history, and of importance from its being called 'a\nABIATHAR", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nmother in Israel' (2 Sam. xx. 19). The identity of the city under these different names will be seen by a comparison of 2 Sam. xx. 14, 15, 18; 1 Kings xv. 20; 2 Chron. xvi. 4. The addition of Maacah' marks it as belonging to, or being near to, the region Maacah, which lay eastward of the Jordan under Mount Lebanon. This is the town in which Sheba posted himself when he rebelled against David", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nEighty years afterwards it was taken and sacked by Benhadad, king of Syria; and 200 years subsequently by Tiglath-pileser, who sent away the inhabitants captives into Assyria (2 Kings xv. 29).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nA'BEL-BETH-MAA'CAH, that is, Abel near the house or city of Maacah: the same as Abel. A'BEL-CARMA'IM (place of the vineyards), a village of the Ammonites, about six miles from Philadelphia, or Rabbath Ammon, according to Eusebius, in whose time the place was still rich in vineyards (Judg. xi. 33).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nA'BEL-MA'IM. The same as ABEL. A'BEL-MEHO'LAH, or ABEL-MEA (place of the dance), a town supposed to have stood near the Jordan, and some miles (Eusebius says ten) to the south of Bethshan or Scythopolis (1 Kings iv. 12). It is remarkable in connection with Gideon's victory over the Midianites (Judg. vii. 22), and as the birth-place of Elisha (1 Kings xix. 16).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nA'BEL-MIZRA'IM (the mourning of the Egyp tians), the name of a threshing-floor, so called on account of the great mourning' made there for Jacob by the funeral party from Egypt (Gen. L. 11). Jerome places it between Jericho and the Jordan, where Bethagla afterwards stood.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nA'BEL-SHIT TIM (place of acacias), a town in the plains of Moab, on the east of the Jordan. between which and Beth-Jesimoth was the last encampment of the Israelites on that side the river (Num. xxxiii. 49). It is more frequently called Shittim merely (Num. xxv. 1; Josh. ii. 1; Mic. vi. 5). The place is noted for the punishment which was there inflicted upon the Israelites for their worship of Baal-Peor.\nABELA. [ABILA.]", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nA'BI, the mother of King Hezekiah (2 Kings xviii. 2), called also Abijah (2 Chron. xxix. 1). Her father's name was Zachariah, perhaps the same who was taken by Isaiah (viii. 2) for a witness.\nABIA. [ABIJAH, 3.]\nABI'AH, or ABIJAH, one of the sons of Sa muel who were intrusted with the administration of justice, and whose misconduct afforded the ostensible ground on which the Israelites demanded that their government should be changed into a monarchy (I Sam. viii. 1-5). ABI-AL/BON. [ABIEL, 2.]", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nABI'ATHAR (father of abundance), the tenth high-priest of the Jews, and fourth in descent from Eli. When his father, the high-priest Abimelech, was slain with the priests at Nob, for suspected partiality to the fugitive David, Abiathar escaped the massacre; and bearing with him the most essential part of the priestly raiment, the ephod [PRIESTS], repaired to the son of Jesse, who was then in the cave of Adullam (1 Sam. xxii. 20-23; xxiii. 6)", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nsought and received for David responses from God. When David became king of Judah, he made Abiathar high-priest. Meanwhile Zadok had been appointed high-priest by Saul, and continued to act in this capacity while Abiathar was high-priest in Judail. The appointment of Zadok was not only unexceptionable in itself, but was in accordance with the divine sentence of deposition which had been passed upon the house of Eli (1 Sam. ii. 30-36)", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nWhen, therefore, David acquired the kingdom of Israel, he had no just ground on which Zadok could be removed, and Abiathar set in his place; and the attempt to do so would probably have been offensive to his new subjects. The king got over this difficulty by allowing both appointments to stand; and until the end of David's reign Zadok and Abiathar were joint highpriests", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAs high-priest Abiathar must have been perfectly aware of the divine intention that Solomon should be the successor of David: he was therefore the least excusable, in some respects, of all those who were parties in the attempt to raise Adonijah to the throne. So his conduct seems to have been viewed by Solomon, who, in deposing him from the high-priesthood, plainly told him that only his sacerdotal character, and his former services to David, preserved him from death", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThis deposition of Abiathar completed the doom long before denounced upon the house of Eli, who was of the line of Ithamar, the younger son of Aaron. Zadok, who remained the high-priest, was of the elder line of Eleazer (1 Kings i. 7, 19; ii. 26, 27).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nA'BIB. [NISAN.]\n1. ABIEL (father of strength, i. e. strong), the father of Kish, whose son Saul was the first king of Israel, and of Ner, whose son Abner was captain of the host to his cousin Saul (1 Sam. ix. 1; xiv. 51).\n2. ABIEL, one of the thirty most distinguished men of David's army (1 \u030aChron. xi. 32). He is called Abi-albon in 2 Sam. xxiii. 31; a name which has precisely the same signification (father of strength) as the other.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nABIEZER (father of help, Josh. xvii. 2), a son of Gilead, the grandson of Manasseh (Num. xxvi. 30), and founder of the family to which Gideon belonged, and which bore his name as a patronymic-Abiezrites (Judg. vi. 34; viii. 2).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nABIGAIL (father of joy), the wife of a prosperous sheep-master, called Nabal, who dwelt in the district of Carmel, west of the Dead Sea. She is known chiefly for the promptitude and discretion of her conduct in taking measures to avert the wrath of David, which had been violently excited by the insulting treatment which his messengers had received from her husband [NABAL] She hastily prepared a liberal supply of provisions, of which David's troop stood in much need, and went forth to meet him", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nHer beauty and prudence made such an impression upon David on this occasion, that when, not long after, he heard of Nabal's death, he sent for her, and she became his wife (1 Sam. xxv. 14-42). It is usually stated that he had by her two sons, Chileab and Daniel; but it is more likely that the Chileab of 2 Sam. iii. 3, is the same as the Daniel of 1 Chron. iii. 1; the son of Abigail being known by both these names.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nABIJAH\n1. ABIHA'IL (father of light or splendour, the wife of Rehoboam, king of Judah. She is called the daughter of Eliab, David's elder brother (2 Chron. xi. 18); but was doubtless only his descendant.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n2. ABIHAIL (father of might, i. e. mighty). This name should be written ABICHAIL. It was borne by several persons: 1. ABICHAIL, the Son of Huri, one of the family-chiefs of the tribe of Gad, who settled in Bashan (1 Chron. v. 14). 2. ABICHAIL, the father of Zuriel, who was the father of the Levitical tribes of Merari (Num. iii. 35). 3. ABICHAIL, the father of Queen Esther, and brother of Mordecai (Esth. ii. 15).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nABIHU (father of him), the second of the sons of Aaron, who, with his brothers Nadab, Eleazer, and Ithamar, was set apart and consecrated for the priesthood (Exod. xxviii. 1). He and his brother Nadab having presumed to offer incense in censers filled with 'strange' or common fire, they were instantly struck dead by lightning, and were taken away and buried in their clothes without the camp", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAs immediately after the record of this transaction comes a prohibition of wine or strong drink to the priests on duty at the tabernacle, it is not unfairly surmised that they were intoxicated when they committed this serious error in their ministrations (Lev. x. 1-71).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n1. ABI'JAH (see signif. in ABIAH, 2 Chron. xiii. 1). He is also called Abijam (1 Kings xv.). Abijah was the second king of the separate kingdom of Judah, being the son of Rehoboam, and grandson of Solomon. He began to reign B.C. 957, in the eighteenth year of Jeroboam, king of Israel; and he reigned three years. At the commencement of his reign Abijah made a vigorous attempt to bring back the ten tribes to their allegiance", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nIn this he failed; although a signal victory over Jeroboam, who had double his force and much greater experience, enabled him to take several cities which had been held by Israel. The numbers reputed to have been present in this action are 800,000 on the side of Jeroboam, 400,000 on the side of Abijah, and 500,000 left dead on the field", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThe book of Chronicles mentions nothing concerning Abijah adverse to the favourable impressions which we receive from his conduct on this occasion; but in Kings we are told that he walked in all the sins of his father' (1 Kings xv. 3). He had fourteen wives, by whom he left twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters. Asa succeeded him.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n2. ABIJAH, son of Jeroboam I., king of Israel. His severe and threatening illness induced Jeroboam to send his wife with a present, suited to the disguise in which she went, to consult the prophet Ahijah respecting his recovery. This prophet was the same who had, in the days of Solomon, foretold to Jeroboam his elevation to the throne of Israel", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThough blind with age, he knew the disguised wife of Jeroboam, and was authorized, by the prophetic impulse that came upon him, to reveal to her that, because there was found in Abijah only, of all the house of Jeroboam, some good thing towards the Lord,' he only, of all that house, should come to his grave in peace, and be mourned in Israel. Accordingly, when the mother returned home, the youth died as she crossed the threshold of", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nthe door. And they buried him, and all Israel | claimed the right of taking to themselves the mourned for him' (1 Kings xiv. 1-18). unmarried females not only of their natural subjects, but of those who sojourned in their dominions. But Abimelech, obedient to a divine warning, restored her to her husband", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAs a mark of his respect he added valuable gifts, and offered the patriarch a settlement in any part of the country; but he nevertheless did not forbear to visit with a gentle rebuke the deception which had been practised upon him (Gen. xx.)", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nNothing further is recorded of King Abimelech, except that a few years after he repaired to the camp of Abraham, who had removed southward beyond his borders, accompanied by Phichol, the chief captain of his host,' to invite the patriarch to contract with him a league of peace and friendship", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAbraham consented; and this first league on record [ALLIANCE] was confirmed by a mutual oath, made at a well which had been digged by Abraham, but which the herdsmen of Abimelech had seized without their lord's knowledge. It was restored to the rightfu owner, on which Abraham named it BEERSHEBA (the Well of the Oath), and consecrated the spot to the worship of Jehovah (Gen. xxi. 22-34).", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n2. ABIMELECH, another king of Gerar, in the time of Isaac (about B.c. 1804; Hales, 1960), who is supposed to have been the son of the preceding. Isaac sought refuge in his territory during a famine; and having the same fear respecting his fair Mesopotamian wife, Rebekah, as his father had entertained respecting Sarah, he reported her to be his sister. This brough upon him the rebuke of Abimelech, when he accidentally discovered the truth", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nIn those times, as Low, wells of water were of so much importance for agricultural as well as pastoral purposes, that they gave a proprietary right to the soil, not previously appropriated, in which they were dug. Abraham had digged wells during his sojourn in the country; and, to bar the claim which resulted from them, the Philistines had afterwards filled them up; but they were now cleared out by Isaac, who proceeded to cultivate the ground to which they gave him a right", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThe virgin soil yielded him a hundredfold; and his other possessions, his flocks and herds, also received such prodigious increase that the jealousy of the Philistines could not be suppressed; and Abimelech desired him to seek more distant quarters, in language which gives a high notion of the wealth of the patriarchal chiefs, and the extent of their establishments:'Depart from us: for thou art more and mightier than we", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n? Isaac complied, and went out into the open country, and digged wells for his cattle. But the shepherds of the Philistines were not inclined to allow the claim to exclusive pasturage in these districts to be thus established; and their opposition induced the quiet patriarch to make successive removals, until he reached such a distance that his operations were no longer disputed", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAfterwards, when he was at Beersheba, he received a visit from Abimelech, who was attended by Ahuzzath, his friend, and Phichol, the chief captain of his army. The king having explained that it was his wish to renew, with one so manifestly blessed of God, the covenant of peace which had been contracted. between their fathers, Isaac willingly consented, and the desired covenant was, with due cere", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n3. ABIJAH, one of the descendants of Eleazer, the son of Aaron, and chief of one of the twentyfour courses or orders into which the whole body of the priesthood was divided by David (1 Chron. xxiv. 10; Luke i. 5). Of these the course of Abijah was the eighth.\nABIJAM. [ABIJAH, 1.]", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nABILA, capital of the Abilene of Lysanias (Luke iii. 1); and distinguished from other places of the same name as the Abila of Lysahias, and (by Josephus) as the Abila of Leba1on.' Abila has been supposed to be the same as Abel-beth-Maacah, but without foundation, for that was a city of Naphtali, which Abila was not. About eighteen miles north-west of Damascus is Souk Wady Barrada, where an inscription was found by Mr. Bankes, which, beyond doubt, identifies that place with the Abila of Lysanias", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nABILE'NE (Luke iii. 1), the small district or territory which took its name from the chief town, Abila. Its situation is in some degree letermined by that of the town; but its precise limits and extent remain unknown. Northward t must have reached beyond the Upper Barrada, in order to include Abila; and it is probable that its southern border may have extended to Mount Hermon (Jebel es-Sheikh)", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nIt seems to have included the eastern declivities of AntiLibanus, and the fine valleys between its base and the hills which front the eastern plains.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nThis territory had been governed as a tetrarchate by Lysanias, son of Ptolemy and grandson of Menn\u00e6us, but he was put to death, B.C. 33, through the intrigues of Cleopatra, who then took possession of the province. After her death it fell to Augustus, who rented it out to one Zenodorus; but as he did not keep it clear of robbers, it was taken from him, and given to Herod the Great", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nAt his death a part (the outhern, doubtless) of the territory was added o Trachonitis and Itur\u00e6a to form a tetrarchy for his son Philip; but by far the larger portion, including the city of Abila, was then, or shortly afterwards, bestowed on another Lysanias, mentioned by Luke (iii. 1), who is supposed to have been a descendant of the former Lysanias, but who is nowhere mentioned by Josephus. About ten years after the time referred to by Luke, the emperor Caligula gave Abilene to Agrippa I", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\nas 'the tetrarchy of Lysanias,' to whom it was afterwards confirmed by Claudius. At his death, t was included in that part of his possessions which went to his son Agrippa II.", "Biblical Literature: Aaron\n1. ABIM'ELECH (futher of the king, or perhaps royal father), the name of the Philistine king of Gerar in the time of Abraham (Gen. xx. 1, sqq.: B.C. 1898; Hales, B.C. 2054); but, from its recurrence, it was probably less a proper name than a titular distinction, like PHARAOH for the kings of Egypt, or AUGUSTUS for the emperors of Rome. Abraham removed into his territory after the destruction of Sodom; and fearing that the beauty of Sarah might bring him into difficulties, he declared her to be his sister"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://nararoesler.art/en/art-fairs/92/

"Abraham Palatnik and Xavier Veilhan: A Dialogue on Displacement in Fiac Online Viewing Rooms 2021"

["Abraham Palatnik and Xavier Veilhan: A Dialogue on Displacement in Fiac Online Viewing Rooms 2021\nOn the occasion of the 2021 Fiac Online Viewing Rooms, Nara Roesler is proud to present a dialogue between the work of Brazilian artist Abraham Palatnik, and French artist Xavier Veilhan, hereby showcased together for the first time. The presentation juxtaposes the work of two artists from different generations and backgrounds, with widely different practices in formal, conceptual, and technical terms, highlighting a punctual and momentary crossing in their engagement with the matter of displacement.", "Abraham Palatnik and Xavier Veilhan: A Dialogue on Displacement in Fiac Online Viewing Rooms 2021\nOn the one hand, Palatnik's\u2014a seminal figure in the history of kinetic and optical art in Brazil\u2014W-series emerges from a career-long strive for ingenious methods and use of materials, giving rise to a process of deconstruction, reconstruction, and displacement, whereby the artist produced two non-figurative paintings on wooden plates, which are laser-cut into long, thin strips, and subsequently re-assembled and vertically displaced to create a third painting", "Abraham Palatnik and Xavier Veilhan: A Dialogue on Displacement in Fiac Online Viewing Rooms 2021\nThe series is characterized by permutations that give a sense of infinite projection, an irradiating movement that isn't tamed by the limits of the frame. On the other hand, Xavier Veilhan's Vent Moderne engages with the idea of moving from one place to another and seeking to arrest the 'in-between' moment, upheaving the traditional focus on origin and destination", "Abraham Palatnik and Xavier Veilhan: A Dialogue on Displacement in Fiac Online Viewing Rooms 2021\nInstead, the artist reflects on the importance of the path taken from one place to the next, creating landscapes whose carvings evoke the quiver of the wind-shaken horizons, while their longitudinal structure seems to transcend the limits of the surface, perhaps like the image, which exists in relation to what is beyond the frame, as a function of a supposed point of departure and of arrival.", "Abraham Palatnik and Xavier Veilhan: A Dialogue on Displacement in Fiac Online Viewing Rooms 2021\nUltimately, both bodies of work resonate in their creation of formal vibration to evoke movement, displacement\u2014though widely different, both ripple their work intertwining the codes of industrial and artistic practices, seeking to capture a kineticism that results in reverberating formal pieces", "Abraham Palatnik and Xavier Veilhan: A Dialogue on Displacement in Fiac Online Viewing Rooms 2021\nPalatnik and Veilhan come to converse in their use of pattern and cuts as a means of triggering the illusion, or the sensation of movement in pieces that echo each other's formal structures, and ultimately coincide in embodying boundless irradiation."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.hollywoodbowl.com/musicdb/pieces/2505/oboe-sonata-in-g-minor-from-tafelmusik-iii

Oboe Sonata in G minor (from Tafelmusik III)

["Oboe Sonata in G minor (from Tafelmusik III)\nThe custom of using music to accompany banquets and feasts is probably as old as music itself. By the 16th century, such music had become a genre all its own: Tafelmusik, or \"table-music,\" music that royalty or nobility (or whoever could afford it) had played to them while they ate or partied", "Oboe Sonata in G minor (from Tafelmusik III)\nIn the 18th century Mozart's many divertimentos had a similar social function, and the teenaged Beethoven wrote music for the wind octet that the Elector Maximilian Franz of Bonn maintained to serenade him while he ate. As society grew more democratic in the 19th century, such music moved out of the castle and into the restaurant, where small ensembles - usually of strings - played as patrons ate. Vestiges of the concept survive today in the cocktail pianist who plays in lounges.", "Oboe Sonata in G minor (from Tafelmusik III)\nTelemann served as music director of the city of Hamburg for over 40 years, and part of his duties was to supply music for civic functions of all sorts", "Oboe Sonata in G minor (from Tafelmusik III)\nIn 1733 he published three sets of Tafelmusik, which he presented under the French title Musique de table; that general title is sometimes rendered in English as \"banqueting music.\" Each set consists of six different works that might accompany a festive banquet, and the surprising thing is how varied this music is: each set opens with an orchestral overture and suite, followed by a quartet, a concerto, a trio sonata, a solo sonata, and a \"conclusion\" that takes many forms.", "Oboe Sonata in G minor (from Tafelmusik III)\nThe Sonata in G minor that opens this program is the solo sonata from Tafelmusik III. In Telemann's time this might be performed with a cello taking part of the continuo line, but at this concert it is performed with a continuo of bassoon and harpsichord", "Oboe Sonata in G minor (from Tafelmusik III)\nThis Sonata is often listed as being in six movements, but movements two, three, and four make up a three-part sequence (the two Presto movements are essentially identical), and so the Sonata falls generally into the slow-fast-slow-fast sequence of the sonata da chiesa. Telemann played the oboe (along with many other instruments), and he writes superbly for the instrument here, alternating sustained lyric lines with athletic passages, some of them quite brilliant.", "Oboe Sonata in G minor (from Tafelmusik III)\nThe Sonata in G minor is much too good to be background entertainment at a meal. Faced with music like this, banqueters would most likely just set down their forks and listen.\n- Eric Bromberger is a regular contributor to the Los Angeles Philharmonic program book."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.kogogallery.ee/en/works/ghost/

Julien des Monstiers, the painter of holistic painting

["Julien des Monstiers, the painter of holistic painting\nTo Julien des Monstiers, each painting constitutes a whole, the different styles of which can be understood in their entirety, that ultimately gives them meaning. A holistic painting that cannot be reduced to the sum of its parts and that eludes any pre-established definition. From borrowed shapes and gestures, with no hierarchy, to the medium\u2019s great stories but also to the history of its motifs, that of hunting scenes, floral decors or tapestry", "Julien des Monstiers, the painter of holistic painting\nA work painted on canvas or on wood, on the floor or on a wall, depending on its needs, in a constant back-and-forth motion. Imprints by transfer, as he has always done but also precise gestures, slow or swift, made with brushes of course, but also other miscellaneous tools. Everything is grasp-worthy for an artist who considers the chassis as a frame on which to built his own territory, made of borrowings and inventions."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/tag/bohemia-and-croatia/

The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath

["The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nTag Archives: Bohemia and Croatia\nThe Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nPosted by liamfoley63 in Bishop of Rome and the Catholic Church, Empire of Europe, Featured Monarch, Kingdom of Europe, Royal Titles\nBohemia and Croatia, Christian VII of Denmark, Congress of Vienna, Emperor Alexander I of Russia, Emperor of Austria, German Confederation, Gustaf IV Adolph of Sweden, Holy Roman Emperor Franz II, Holy Roman Empire, King of Hungary", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe Holy Roman Empire, an institution which had lasted for just over a thousand years, did not pass unnoticed or unlamented. The dissolution of the empire sent shockwaves through Germany, with most of the reactions within the former imperial boundaries being rage, grief or shame.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nEven the signatories of the Confederation of the Rhine were outraged; the Bavarian emissary to the imperial diet, Rechberg, stated that he was \u201cfurious\u201d due to having \u201cput his signature to the destruction of the German name\u201d, referring to his state\u2019s involvement in the confederation, which had effectively doomed the empire.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nFrom a legal standpoint, Franz II\u2019s abdication was controversial. Contemporary legal commentators agreed that the abdication itself was perfectly legal but that the emperor did not have the authority to dissolve the empire. As such, several of the empire\u2019s vassals refused to recognize that the empire had ended. As late as October 1806, farmers in Thuringia refused to accept the end of the empire, believing its dissolution to be a plot by the local authorities.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nFor many of the people within the former empire, its collapse made them uncertain and fearful of their future, and the future of Germany itself. Contemporary reports from Vienna describe the dissolution of the empire as \u201cincomprehensible\u201d and the general public\u2019s reaction as one of horror.\nThe German Confederation", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nIn contrast to the fears of the general public, many contemporary intellectuals and artists saw Napoleon as a herald of a new age, rather than a destroyer of an old order. The popular idea forwarded by German nationalists was that the final collapse of the Holy Roman Empire freed Germany from the somewhat anachronistic ideas rooted in a fading ideal of universal Christianity and paved the way for the country\u2019s unification as the German Empire, a nation state, 65 years later.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nGerman historian Helmut R\u00f6ssler has argued that Franz II and the Austrians fought to save the largely ungrateful Germany from the forces of Napoleon, only withdrawing and abandoning the empire when most of Germany betrayed them and joined Napoleon", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nIndeed, the assumption of a separate Austrian imperial title in 1804 did not mean that Franz II had any intentions to abdicate his prestigious position as the Roman emperor, the idea only began to be considered as circumstances beyond Habsburg control forced decisive actions to be taken.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nCompounded with fears of what now guaranteed the safety of many of the smaller German states, the poet Christoph Martin Wieland lamented that Germany had now fallen into an \u201capocalyptic time\u201d and stating \u201cWho can bear this disgrace, which weighs down upon a nation which was once so glorious?\u2014may God improve things, if it is still possible to improve them!\u201d.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nTo some, the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire was seen as the final end of the ancient Roman Empire. In the words of Christian Gottlob von Voigt, a minister in Weimar, \u201cif poetry can go hand in hand with politics, then the abdication of the imperial dignity offers a wealth of material.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe Roman Empire now takes its place in the sequence of vanquished empires\u201d. In the words of the English historian James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce in his 1864 work on the Holy Roman Empire, the empire was the \u201coldest political institution in the world\u201d and the same institution as the one founded by Augustus in 27 BC.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nWriting of the empire, Bryce stated that \u201cnothing else so directly linked the old world to the new\u2014nothing else displayed so many strange contrasts of the present and the past, and summed up in those contrasts so much of European history\u201d.\nWhen confronted by the fall and collapse of their empire, many contemporaries employed the catastrophic fall of ancient Troy as a metaphor, due to its association with the notion of total destruction and the end of a culture.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe image of the apocalypse was also frequently used, associating the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire with an impending end of the world (echoing medieval legends of a Last Roman Emperor, a figure prophesized to be active during the end times).", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nCriticism and protests against the empire\u2019s dissolution were typically censored, especially in the French-administered Confederation of the Rhine. Among the aspects most criticized by the general populace was the removal or replacement of the traditional intercessions for the empire and emperor in the daily church prayers throughout former imperial territory. Suppression from France, combined with examples of excessive retribution against pro-empire advocates, ensured that these protests soon died down.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nOfficial and international reactions\nKing Gustav IV Adolph of Sweden, who in 1806 issued a proclamation to his German subjects that the dissolution of the empire \u201cwould not destroy the German nation.\u201d", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nIn an official capacity, Prussia\u2019s response was only formulaic expressions of regret owing to the \u201ctermination of an honourable bond hallowed by time\u201d. Prussia\u2019s representative to the Reichstag, Baron G\u00f6rtz, reacted with sadness, mixed with gratitude and affection for the House of Habsburg and their former role as emperors.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nG\u00f6rtz had taken part as an electoral emissary of the Electorate of Brandenburg (Prussia\u2019s territory within the formal imperial borders) in 1792, at the election of Franz II as Holy Roman Emperor, and exclaimed that \u201cSo the emperor whom I helped elect was the last emperor!\u2014This step was no doubt to be expected, but that does not make its reality any less moving and crushing. It cuts off the last thread of hope to which one tried to cling\u201d.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nBaron von Wiessenberg, the Austrian envoy to the Electorate of Hesse-Cassel, reported that the local elector, Wilhelm I, had teared up and expressed lament at the loss of \u201ca constitution to which Germany had for so long owed its happiness and freedom\u201d.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nInternationally, the empire\u2019s demise was met with mixed or indifferent reactions. Emperor Alexander I of Russia offered no response and King Christian VII of Denmark formally incorporated his German lands into his kingdoms a few months after the empire\u2019s dissolution.\nFranz I, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nKing Gustav IV Adolph of Sweden (who notably hadn\u2019t recognized the separate imperial title of Austria yet) issued a somewhat provocative proclamation to the denizens of his German lands (Swedish Pomerania and Bremen-Verden) on August 22, 1806, stating that the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire \u201cwould not destroy the German nation\u201d and expressed hopes that the empire might be revived.\nPossibility of restoration", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire was constituted by Franz II\u2019s own personal abdication of the title and the release of all vassals and imperial states from their obligations and duties to the emperor. The title of Holy Roman Emperor (theoretically the same title as Roman Emperor) and the Holy Roman Empire itself as an idea and institution (the theoretically universally sovereign imperium) were never technically abolished. Dissolved yes, abolished no.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe continued existence of a universal empire, though without defined territory and lacking an emperor, was sometimes referenced in the titles of other later monarchs. For instance, the Savoyard Kings of Italy continued to claim the title \u201cPrince and Perpetual Vicar of the Holy Roman Empire (in Italy)\u201d (a title originating from a 14th-century imperial grant from Emperor Charles IV to their ancestor Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy) until the abolition of the Italian monarchy in 1946.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nIn the aftermath of Napoleon\u2019s defeats in 1814 and 1815, there was a widespread sentiment in Germany and elsewhere which called for the revival of the Holy Roman Empire under the leadership of Emperor Franz I of Austria", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nAt the time, there were several factors which prevented the restoration of the empire as it had been in the 18th century, notably the rise of larger, more consolidated kingdoms in Germany, such as Bavaria, Saxony and W\u00fcrttemberg, as well as Prussia\u2019s interest in becoming a great power in Europe (rather than continue being a vassal to the Habsburgs).", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nEven then, the restoration of the Holy Roman Empire, with a modernized internal political structure, had not been out of reach at the 1814\u20131815 Congress of Vienna (which decided Europe\u2019s borders in the aftermath of Napoleon\u2019s defeat). However, Emperor Franz had come to the conclusion before the Congress of Vienna convened, that the Holy Roman Empire\u2019s political structure would not have been superior to the new order in Europe and that restoring it was not in the interest of the Habsburg monarchy.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nIn an official capacity, the papacy considered the fact that the Holy Roman Empire was not restored at the Congress of Vienna (alongside other decisions made during the negotiations) to be \u201cdetrimental to the interests of the Catholic religion and the rights of the church\u201d.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nIn the Holy Roman Empire\u2019s place, the German Confederation was created by the 9th Act of the Congress of Vienna on June 8, 1815 after being alluded to in Article 6 of the 1814 Treaty of Paris, ending the War of the Sixth Coalition. The German Confederation, which was led by the Austrian emperors as \u201cheads of the presiding power\u201d would prove to be ineffective.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe Confederation was weakened by the German revolutions of 1848\u20131849, where after the Frankfurt Parliament, elected by the people of the Confederation, attempted to proclaim a German Empire and designate Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia as their Emperor.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nKing Friedrich Wilhelm IV himself did not approve of the idea, instead favoring a restoration of the Holy Roman Empire under the Habsburgs of Austria, though neither the Habsburgs themselves nor the German revolutionaries, still active at the time, would have approved of that idea.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nPrussia went to war in 1866 with Austria in an attempt to remove Austria from German politics. With Austria successfully removed from any participation in the affairs of the German states, by 1871 Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck used the war against France (The Franco-Prussian War 1870-71) to unite the German states into a new German Empire under the authority of the Prussian king as the new German Emperor.\nThe Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. Part IV. The Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nPosted by liamfoley63 in Duchy/Dukedom of Europe, Empire of Europe, Featured Monarch, Imperial Elector, Kingdom of Europe, Royal Genealogy, Royal Succession, Royal Titles\nArchduke of Austria, August II the Strong of Poland, Bohemia and Croatia, Elector of Brandenburg, Frederick I in Prussia, Holy Roman Emperor, House of Habsburg, House of Hohenzollern, King of Hungry, Leopold I, Peace of Westphalia, Thirty Years War", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nAfter the Peace of Westphalia and the states within the Empire had greater autonomy we saw the rise of Brandenburg-Prussia which came to rival Austria for supremacy within the Empire.\nThe Hohenzollern state was then known as Brandenburg-Prussia. Brandenburg-Prussia is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe family\u2019s main possessions were the Margraviate of Brandenburg within the Holy Roman Empire and the Duchy of Prussia outside of the Empire, ruled as a personal union.\nBased in the Electorate of Brandenburg, the main branch of the Hohenzollern family intermarried with the branch ruling the Duchy of Prussia, and secured succession upon the latter\u2019s extinction in the male line in 1618.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nAnother consequence of the intermarriage was the incorporation of the lower Rhenish principalities of Cleves, Mark and Ravensberg after the Treaty of Xanten in 1614.\nThe Thirty Years\u2019 War (1618\u20131648) was especially devastating. The Elector changed sides three times, and as a result Protestant and Catholic armies swept the land back and forth, killing, burning, seizing men and taking the food supplies.\nFriedrich I-III, King in Prussia, Elector of Brandenburg", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nUpwards of half the population was killed or dislocated. Berlin and the other major cities were in ruins, and recovery took decades. By the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years\u2019 War in 1648, Brandenburg gained Minden and Halberstadt, also the succession in Farther Pomerania (incorporated in 1653) and the Duchy of Magdeburg (incorporated in 1680).", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nWith the Treaty of Bromberg (1657), concluded during the Second Northern War, the electors were freed of Polish vassalage for the Duchy of Prussia and gained Lauenburg\u2013B\u00fctow and Draheim. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679) expanded Brandenburgian Pomerania to the lower Oder.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe second half of the 17th century laid the basis for Prussia to become one of the great players in European politics. The emerging Brandenburg-Prussian military potential, based on the introduction of a standing army in 1653, was symbolized by the widely noted victories in Warsaw (1656) and Fehrbellin (1675) and by the Great Sleigh Drive (1678). Brandenburg-Prussia also established a navy and German colonies in the Brandenburger Gold Coast and Arguin.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nFriedrich Wilhelm, known as \u201cThe Great Elector\u201d, opened Brandenburg-Prussia to large-scale immigration (\u201cPeuplierung\u201d) of mostly Protestant refugees from all across Europe (\u201cExulanten\u201d), most notably Huguenot immigration following the Edict of Potsdam. Friedrich Wilhelm also started to centralize Brandenburg-Prussia\u2019s administration and reduce the influence of the estates.\nIn 1701, Friedrich III, Elector of Brandenburg, succeeded in elevating his status to King in Prussia.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nBorn in K\u00f6nigsberg, Friedrich was the third son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg by his father\u2019s first marriage to Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau, eldest daughter of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels. His maternal cousin was King William III of England. Upon the death of his father on April 28, 1688, Friedrich became Elector Friedrich III of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nRight after ascending the throne Friedrich founded a new city southerly adjacent to Dorotheenstadt and named it after himself, the Friedrichstadt.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nAlthough he was the Margrave and Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the Duke of Prussia, Friedrich III desired the more prestigious title of king. However, according to Germanic law at that time, no kingdoms could exist within the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the Kingdom of Bohemia which belonged to the Holy Roman Emperor.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nFriedrich persuaded Emperor Leopold I to allow Prussia to be elevated to a kingdom by the Crown Treaty of November 16, 1700. This agreement was ostensibly given in exchange for an alliance against King Louis XIV in the War of the Spanish Succession and the provision of 8,000 Prussian troops to Leopold\u2019s service.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nFriedrich III argued that Prussia had never been part of the Holy Roman Empire, and he ruled over it with full sovereignty. Therefore, he said, there was no legal or political barrier to letting him rule it as a kingdom. Friedrich was aided in the negotiations by Charles Ancillon.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nFriedrich crowned himself on January 18, 1701 in K\u00f6nigsberg. Although he did so with the Emperor\u2019s consent, and also with formal acknowledgement from August II the Strong, Elector of Saxony, who held the title of King of Poland, the Polish-Lithuanian Diet (Sejm) raised objections, and viewed the coronation as illegal.\nLeopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungry, Bohemia and Croatia, Archduke of Austria", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nIn fact, according to the terms of the Treaty of Wehlau and Bromberg, the House of Hohenzollern\u2019s sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia was not absolute but contingent on the continuation of the male line (in the absence of which the duchy would revert to the Polish crown). Therefore, out of deference to the region\u2019s historic ties to the Polish crown, Friedrich made the symbolic concession of calling himself \u201cKing in Prussia\u201d instead of \u201cKing of Prussia\u201d.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nHis royalty was, in any case, limited to Prussia and did not reduce the rights of the Emperor in the portions of his domains that were still part of the Holy Roman Empire. In other words, while he was a king in Prussia, he was still only an elector under the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Emperor in Brandenburg.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nLegally, the Hohenzollern state was still a personal union between Brandenburg and Prussia. However, by the time Friedrich crowned himself as king, the emperor\u2019s authority over Brandenburg (and the rest of the empire) was only nominal, and in practice it soon came to be treated as part of the Prussian kingdom rather than as a separate entity.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nFrom 1701 onward, the Hohenzollern domains were referred to as the Kingdom of Prussia, or simply Prussia. Legally, the personal union between Brandenburg and Prussia continued until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nHowever, by this time the emperor\u2019s overlordship over the empire had become a legal fiction. Hence, after 1701, Brandenburg was de facto treated as part of the Prussian kingdom. Friedrich and his successors continued to centralize and expand the state, transforming the personal union of politically diverse principalities typical for the Brandenburg-Prussian era into a system of provinces subordinate to Berlin.\nJune 9, 1640: Birth of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nPosted by liamfoley63 in Empire of Europe, Featured Monarch, Imperial Elector, Kingdom of Europe, Royal Birth, Royal Genealogy, Royal Succession, This Day in Royal History\nArchduke of Austria, Bohemia and Croatia, Holy Roman Emperor, House of Habsburg, King of Hungary, Leopold I, Peace of Westphalia, Philip IV of Spain, Thirty Years War, War of the Spanish Succession", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nLeopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician; June 9, 1640 \u2013 May 5, 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, by his first wife, Infanta Maria Anna of Spain, Daughter of King Felipe III of Spain and Archduchess Margaret of Austria, prior to her Imperial marriage she was considered a possible wife for Charles, Prince of Wales; the event, later known in history as the \u201cSpanish Match.\u201d", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nBorn on June 9, 1640 in Vienna, Leopold received the traditional program of education in the liberal arts, history, literature, natural science and astronomy. He was particularly interested in music, as his father emperor Ferdinand III had been. From an early age Leopold showed an inclination toward learning. He became fluent in Latin, Italian, German, French, and Spanish. In addition to German, Italian would be the most favored language at his court.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nLeopold became heir apparent in 1654 after the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV, King of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia (1633 \u2013 1654).\nElected in 1658, Leopold I ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705, becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor (46 years and 9 months). He was both a composer and considerable patron of music.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nLeopold\u2019s reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War (1683-1699) and rivalry with Louis XIV, a contemporary and first cousin (on the maternal side; fourth cousin on the paternal side), in the west. After more than a decade of warfare, Leopold emerged victorious in the east thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nBy the Treaty of Karlowitz, Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary, which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Moh\u00e1cs.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nLeopold fought three wars against France: the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years\u2019 War, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In this last, Leopold sought to give his younger son Charles the entire Spanish inheritance, disregarding the will of the late Carlos II. Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe early years of the war went fairly well for Austria, with victories at Schellenberg and Blenheim, but the war would drag on until 1714, nine years after Leopold\u2019s death, which barely had an effect on the warring nations. When peace returned with the Treaty of Rastatt, Austria could not be said to have emerged as triumphant as it had from the war against the Turks.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe Peace of Westphalia in 1648 (8 years after the birth of Emperor Leopold) had been a political defeat for the Habsburgs. It ended the idea that Europe was a single Christian empire; governed spiritually by the Pope and temporally by the Holy Roman Emperor.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nMoreover, the treaty was devoted to parceling out land and influence to the \u201cwinners\u201d, the anti-Habsburg alliance led by France and Sweden. However, the Habsburgs did gain some benefits out of the wars; the Protestant aristocracy in Habsburg territories had been decimated, and the ties between Vienna and the Habsburg domains in Bohemia and elsewhere were greatly strengthened.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThese changes would allow Leopold to initiate necessary political and institutional reforms during his reign to develop somewhat of an absolutist state along French lines. The most important consequences of the war was in retrospect to weaken the Habsburgs as Holy Roman Emperors but strengthen them in their own hereditary lands, such as Austria, Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nIn 1692, the Duke Ernst August of Hanover was raised to the rank of an Imperial Elector, becoming the ninth member of the electoral college. In 1700, Leopold, greatly in need of help for the impending war with France, granted the title of King in Prussia to the Elector Friedrich III of Brandenburg", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nThe net result of these and similar changes was to continue to weaken the authority of the emperor over the members of the Empire and to compel him to rely more and more upon his position as ruler of the Austrian Archduchy and of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nIn 1666, Leopard married his first cousin and niece Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain (1651\u20131673), daughter and first child of King Felipe IV of Spain born from his second marriage with his niece Infanta Mariana of Austria.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nHis second wife was Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria, the first child and eldest daughter of Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Further Austria and Count of Tyrol, by his wife and first-cousin Anna de\u2019 Medici", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nOn her father\u2019s side, her grandparents were Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria and his wife Claudia de\u2019 Medici (after which she received her first name); on her mother\u2019s side, her grandparents were Cosimo II de\u2019 Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his wife Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria.", "The Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Part XI: Aftermath\nHis third wife was Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg. She was the oldest of 17 children born from Philipp Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of J\u00fclich-Berg and his second wife, Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt. On her father\u2019s side her grandparents were Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg and his first wife, Magdalene of Bavaria. On her mother\u2019s side, her grandparents were Georg II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Sophia Eleonore of Saxony."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://mada-research.org/2008/05/15/sixty-years-of-nakba-2008/

Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)

["Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nIn commemoration of the sixtieth anniversary of the Palestinian Nakba, Mada al-Carmel \u2013 The Arab Center for Applied Social Research convened an academic conference entitled, \"Sixty Years of Nakba \u2013 Homeland as Exile: Loss, Alienation and Forms of Resistance\" at the Al Ein Hotel in Nazareth", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nThe conference was held as part of the general Palestinian effort to preserve the memory of the Nakba, to ensure the regaining of usurped rights for the Palestinian people, and in an attempt to emphasize that the Nakba affected the Palestinian people in Israel in profound ways that have yet to be discussed.", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nFour sessions were held during the conference, preceded by a welcoming note by Ms. Afnan Eghbaria, a member of the Executive committee of Mada al-Carmel. Professor Nadim Rouhana, the General Director of Mada, then gave an opening speech in which he spoke of the absence of a national and cultural center for Palestinians within the Green Line. He emphasized that the Nakba is not only the catastrophe of the refugees, but that of all parts of the Palestinian people, including the Palestinians in Israel", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nHe further discussed the ways in which the Nakba has affected the social and political makeup and the values of Palestinians in Israel.", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nThe first session was entitled, \"How the homeland was exiled from us: The spatial aspect\", and was moderated by Ms. Manar Hassan, a researcher specializing in sociology at the University of Tel Aviv. In this session, Dr. Yousef Jabareen spoke about the end of the geographies of Palestine. Dr. Nedera Shalhoub-Kevorkian then discussed Israeli policies of space, Khalil Toufakji talked about maps of spatial denial, and Enaya Banna-Jiryis described Palestinian lands in the past and the present", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nThe speakers demonstrated how Israeli policies represented by land dispossession and confiscation continue today, as Palestinian ownership of land has fallen steadily from over 90% prior to 1948 to no more than around 4% in 2008.", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nThe second session, which was moderated by Dr. Mustafa Kabha, dealt with the social dimensions of the Nakba, and was entitled, \"The usurpation of the homeland and dispersal of the people\". Professor Marwan Dwairy spoke about the psycho-social dimensions of the Nakba for Palestinians, describing the feelings of resentment and anger that take possession of them as a result of the Nakba", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nHe was followed by Professor Ismael Abu Sa'ad, who spoke about the ongoing Nakba of the Arabs in the Naqab, underlining that they have been forgotten and denied recognition for the past sixty years and still are. Next, Professor Muhammad Hajj-Yahia discussed how Palestinians in Israel live between trauma and steadfastness", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nHe also examined the various reactions of Palestinians inside the Green Line in dealing with their reality that was produced by the Nakba, and divided them into categories, such as the steadfast, the crushed, the terrified and the overwhelmed.", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nThe reclamation of history and how the oppressed can firmly establish the narrative of their history was the theme of the third session, which was moderated by Professor Nadim Rouhana. Dr, Shirin Seikaly from Georgetown University in Washington D.C. spoke about a historicization of the pre-Nakba period beyond what went wrong, and stressed the role played by the Palestinian middle class during the Nakba. She was followed by Dr", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nRonit Lentin from Trinity College in Ireland, who discussed Israelis who commemorize the Nakba, casting light on their attempts to take possession of the historical narrative, even when they are endeavoring to highlight the Palestinian narrative. Next, Dr", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nAdel Manna spoke about the historicization of the meaning of the Nakba for the Arabs in Israel during the first decade of the Nakba, from 1948 to 1958, underscoring the need for an in-depth study of this critical period in the history of the Palestinians.", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nThe final session centered on Confronting State Violence: Forms of Resistance and Submission, and was moderated by Professor Fouad Mughrabi of the University of Tennessee in the United States. Professor Mughrabi gave a lengthy talk in which he explained the overlapping effects of the Nakba on all sections of the Palestinian people. Dr. Ahmed Sa\u2019di then reviewed aspects of coping and resistance among the Arab public in the 1950s. He was followed by Dr", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nHunaida Ghanem, who discussed the intellectual and the formation of relations with the homeland and the state in the period after the Nakba and the Naksa (the \u201csetback\u201d of 1967). Dr. Ghanem stated that in the wake of the Nakba, the Arab intellectual placed an emphasis on nationalism and the bond with the homeland, and that this emphasis has recently begun to resurface, following a phase in which issues of citizenship were accentuated, such as equality and related issues.", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nThe speakers at the conference unanimously agreed that the Palestinian Nakba was a pivotal and founding event in shaping the Palestinian national consciousness and in the formation and crystallization of ways of dealing with this event. The conference also shed new light on the fact that the repercussions, consequences and effects of the Nakba continue to be felt today at all levels, and among all parts of the Palestinian people, in particular that part which remained in its homeland.", "Sixty Years of Nakba (2008)\nThe conference was held with the support of the Welfare Association.\n\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u06441948"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://atalayar.com/en/blog/putins-unwitting-collaborators-ukraine

Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine

["Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nIt's news\nTurkey and Syria: in the midst of tragedy after powerful earthquake\nThe Secretary of State for Trade defends public-private collaboration at the inauguration of IMEX\nHaftar and Bashagha discuss the presence of the Wagner group in Libya during a meeting\nUkraine's Defence Minister faces an uncertain future over fraud allegations\nThe Secretary of State for Defence visits Tecnobit-Grupo Oes\u00eda's technology centre\nMonday, February 6 , 2023\nThe keys of the world in your hands\nNew technologies-innovation", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nAs Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine intensifies and the West grows weary of the economic inconvenience caused by the conflict, third-party positions of supposed equidistance are beginning to emerge, advocating peace not through the aggressor's concessions, but through the concessions of the aggressor", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThese positions do not put the aggressor and the aggressed on an equal footing, but rather place the aggressed at a disadvantage vis-\u00e0-vis the aggressor, because \"reasonable\" pressure is exerted on the aggressor to negotiate with him in order to achieve peace. An example of this is the unfortunate statements made by Pope Francis and the President of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, who I don't know if they are aware that they are favouring Vladimir Putin.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nPope Francis, who on 3 May made some surprising statements to the editor of Il Corriere della Sera, Luciano Fontana, in which he somewhat exculpated Putin for starting the war against Ukraine, saying that he might have felt compelled to invade because \"NATO was barking at Russia's door\", and pointed out that there was no way of knowing whether the Alliance had provoked Putin's anger, but that he suspected it might have been facilitated by the West's attitude", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nBy implicitly blaming NATO for provoking the conflict, he exculpated those solely responsible for it, the satrap Putin. A consequence of these statements was undoubtedly Martin Gras' article on \"NATO's barking\", in which he argued that the Ukrainian war was a case of violence applied to conflict resolution, in which there was not a \"political moment\" interrupted by a \"war moment\", but a continuity linking politics and violence.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nIt could have been a \"gaffe\" on the part of the Pontiff due to some \"hot flash\", but this does not seem to be the case, because Pope Francis has again made a mistake by expanding and making his controversial comments more explicit", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nIn an interview with the editors of the European cultural magazines of the Society of Jesus - published in the daily La Stampa and the magazine Civilt\u00e0 Cattolica - the Pope - who reiterated his view that World War III had already begun - revealed the opinion of an unnamed head of state, who told him that he had foreseen the outbreak of war in advance \"because of the way NATO was moving\"", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nWhen asked on what basis he had such information, he replied that \"they are barking at Russia's door and do not understand that the Russians are imperial and do not allow any foreign power to come near them\", so that - should such a circumstance arise - the situation would lead to armed conflict. According to the Pope, this ambassador knew how to read the signs of what was going on and interpret them properly.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThe argument could not be weaker. With regard to the claim that NATO's approach to Russia's borders poses a grave danger to Russian sovereignty, it should be noted that this has been the case for years in Norway and the Baltic states, and Russia has not yet felt compelled to invade any of its neighbours. Moreover, Russia's first aggression - the invasion of Georgia in 2008 - was justified not by the presence of NATO troops on Georgian territory but by the Georgian government's request to join the Alliance", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThese were merely distant howling attempts that could hardly affect the security of the Russian Federation. The consequence was the split of two Georgian regions - Abkhazia and South Ossetia - which were recognised as independent states by Russia and six other states.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nIn the case of Ukraine, the excuse was the 'revolt of colours' in Maidan Square, which began on 21 November 2013 and ended on 22 February 2014, when pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych - who had withdrawn Ukraine's application for NATO membership - fled to Russia and was dismissed by the Rada", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThis was the reason why Russia invaded Crimea and annexed it, on the pretext that Ukraine's Nikita Khrushchev had illegally given Crimea to Ukraine and that the territory's parliament had decided to separate the peninsula from Ukraine and incorporate it into Russia", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nAt the same time, the Russian government sent disguised troops to the Donbas to support the rebel guerrillas and provided them with military, political, economic and logistical support for the declaration of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics, which were to be recognised as independent states on 23 February 2022, one day before the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian armed forces.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nRussia gave NATO an ultimatum to formally guarantee its refusal to accept Ukraine as a member of the Alliance, and threatened it with a 'military response' if it did not return to its 1997 borders. Putin justified the launch of the \"military technical operation\" over Ukraine on the grounds that NATO was preparing to invade Russia from Ukrainian territory and that it was necessary to end the genocide of the Russian-speaking Ukrainian population and \"denazify\" the country", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nAfter the failure of the 'blitzkrieg operation' to occupy Kiev and overthrow the government of Volodymyr Zelensky, he launched a comprehensive war against the whole of Ukraine, in which not only military targets but also civilian objects, including health and school facilities and residential buildings, are shelled on a daily basis.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nBy Evgeni Primakov's own admission, NATO enlargement was more a psychological issue than a real threat to Russia, as successive NATO enlargements have never affected the military balance in Europe or Russia's defence capabilities. Even an eventual Ukrainian accession - which is unlikely because it does not interest most NATO members - would not affect this balance and is of little concern to Putin. What really worried him was the bad example that a democratic Ukraine would set for Russia", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nRussia's efforts to consolidate its democracy run in the opposite direction to the Putin regime's ever more pronounced drift towards autocracy and human rights violations, and what he really fears is the \"contagion effect\", as the Russian people might see that a state in the region that has so much in common with Russia can become a fully democratic state. This, ultimately, has been the cause of Russia's merciless aggression, not the alleged reason for NATO enlargement.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nPutin has also invoked the grave risk of nuclear weapons on Ukrainian territory, but the Russian president has concealed the fact that Ukraine once had such weapons, which it gave up and voluntarily surrendered to Russia under the 1994 Budapest Treaty - endorsed by the US and Britain - in exchange for Russia's recognition of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThe eventual deployment of nuclear weapons in Ukraine - to which Ukraine is fully entitled - would not be a reason to justify its invasion, apart from the fact that NATO has tended to self-limit its rights and has not established nuclear facilities in Russia's neighbourhood. This has not been the case with Russia, which has all kinds of weapons in the Kaliningrad enclave in the heart of the Alliance", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThe Pope is well aware of the situation because the Vatican diplomatic service is one of the best informed in the world, so his statements are incomprehensible.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nREUTERS/MARKO DJURICA - Ukrainian military inspect the area in front of a residential apartment building after it was hit by shelling as the Russian invasion of Ukraine continues, in Kiev, Ukraine, March 15, 2022\nPutin's exculpation", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThe Pontiff said that \"we have to move away from the normal pattern that Little Red Riding Hood was good and the wolf was bad. Something global is emerging with very intertwined elements\". What is he implying with this unfortunate metaphor: that the Little Red Riding Hood-Ukraine is the bad guy and the wolf-Putin is the good guy? That the wolf is NATO, not Russia", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\n? For Francis there is a danger of focusing only on \"the brutality and ferocity with which this war is being waged by the troops - usually mercenaries - used by the Russians, who prefer to send Chechens, Syrians and mercenaries\"", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nNow it turns out that those responsible for the grave atrocities committed are not the peaceful Russians but their evil allies, but who gives the orders to send hundreds of missiles and projectiles from tanks, planes or ships every day against any target in Ukraine, causing thousands of deaths and injuries", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\n? If the Pope believes in human justice, he should support impartial international tribunals to prosecute - and eventually convict - those responsible for crimes against humanity.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nWith his anti-NATO fixation, Francis added that \"we must also look at the drama unfolding behind this war, which, perhaps in some way, was provoked or not prevented\". Who provoked it? NATO, which has not deployed a single soldier on the battlefield and is haggling over the supply of sophisticated weaponry necessary for the assaulted Ukraine to cope with Russian military might, infinitely superior to that of Ukraine? Who sinned by not preventing the invasion", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\n? It can be none other than Russia and its head of state, who - after massing impressive military contingents along Ukraine's borders - claimed with the utmost impudence that it had no intention of invading Ukraine. Of course, at this point, what was Putin's word worth?", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nPope Francis must have a somewhat \"guilty conscience\" when he remarked that some people think he is pro-Putin in this way of thinking, but he justified himself by saying: \"No, I am not. It is simplistic and wrong to say such a thing. But I am simply against reducing complexity to the distinction between good and evil without thinking about the roots and interests, which are very complex\". This justification is unconvincing", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nIt is true that sometimes it is not easy to distinguish between good and evil, and that there is no absolute good and absolute evil on earth, but many grey areas between one and the other. But it is my firm conviction that, in the case of the cruel aggression against Ukraine, Putin has absolutely nothing to do with good", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nTo maintain doubts about the correctness of the Russian president's actions, to blame NATO for starting the war, and to exonerate the main - if not the only one - responsible for it, is to offer oxygen to an international criminal whose infamous actions have earned him a trial for crimes against humanity.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nAP/VADIM GHIRDA - A pro-Russian rebel rider looks up as he rides a Russian-flagged tank on a road east of Donetsk, eastern Ukraine\nNegotiation possibilities", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nAsked whether he would visit Ukraine, the Pontiff replied that he should first go to Russia. Why? What reason does he have to give precedence to the aggressor over the assaulted", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\n? He implied that he had made his desire to go to Moscow to mediate known to the Kremlin, but had not received a reply. He has, however, received an invitation from President Zelenski to visit a nation in the flesh where several million Catholics live, but he has not been willing to respond positively to the invitation. Moscow yes, but Kiev no. That, for a Catholic, is difficult to understand", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nI accept and respect the Pope's pronouncements on matters of dogma and morality, but I do not always agree with Francis' positions on political issues outside his spiritual mission as head of the Catholic Church, as in the case of Ukraine.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThe American Jesuit magazine America Magazine has come out against the Pope and - in an article on \"What critics of the Pope's comments don't understand about Vatican diplomacy\" - Victor Gaetan has stated that the Pontiff should maintain an equidistant position from all sides, which would open the way to constructive diplomacy for peace", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nPope Francis had condemned the war against Ukraine and referred to it as a sacrilegious conflict that was causing death, destruction and misery, but he did not want to directly confront Putin, whom he does not even mention in his speeches. Nor did he speak of the innocence of a Ukraine attacked and destroyed for no reason, in contrast to the blatant guilt of Russia, which is violating the norms of international law and humanitarian law", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nWhy, Gaetan asked, did the Pope refrain from mentioning these truths, and his answer was that, by refraining from condemning Putin, Francis hoped to create a space in which the Church's peace diplomacy could successfully mediate at a decisive moment.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nHowever, as journalist Clarissa Ward has said, it is not possible to remain neutral in the midst of this war, \"Ukraine is a sovereign country that has not committed any act of aggression, that has been illegally invaded and where thousands of people have been killed and millions have been displaced. It is ridiculous to try to be neutral and to imply that the two sides are just two sides of the same coin\"", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThe West cannot accept that a sovereign nation in Europe is suffering the largest invasion since World War II, that many people are dying every day in an unjust war, and that the European security order has crumbled under Putin's attempt to rewrite it.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nAFP/VESA MOILANEN - In this file photo taken on October 25, 2021, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, left, and Finnish President Sauli Niinisto, right, are pictured here.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nIt is possible to be neutral and equidistant between two states guilty of armed conflict, to try to mediate between them in order to achieve a negotiated solution, but it is not possible to adopt a similar attitude between the aggressor and the aggressed, putting them on an equal footing", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nFrom an evangelical point of view, the parable of the prodigal son cannot be applied to Putin because - unlike the prodigal son - Putin has never shown the slightest sign of repentance and insists again and again on his criminal actions.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nPutin's argument that it is a historical duty to return Ukraine to mother Russia in order to restore the integrity of the Tsarist empire sits poorly with the threats made against Sweden - which was never part of it - or Finland - which was, but managed to throw off the Russian yoke - for the unforgivable crime of applying for NATO membership", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nTop European leaders Emmanuel Macron, Olaf Scholz and Mario Draghi - sadly, Pedro S\u00e1nchez was not among them - made a testimonial visit to Kiev yesterday to reaffirm to Zelenski the EU's support for Ukraine in the face of Russian aggression and blackmail.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nSome feared that European leaders would use the occasion to pressure Ukraine to sit down at the negotiating table with its aggressor and make territorial concessions in the interests of peace. However, this moment does not yet seem to have arrived, which - according to British historian Mark Galeotti - could come in the autumn, when the parties are exhausted militarily and economically, and fatigue sets in in the West, and then we will be faced with the question of negotiation.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nPressure must indeed be exerted, but not on Ukraine, but on Russia, which is responsible for the situation. Peace negotiations cannot begin as long as Russia continues to attack Ukraine in the way it has been doing, let alone put pressure on the latter to not only put up the dead but also parts of its territory in order to achieve a peace that will only directly benefit Russia and indirectly benefit the Western powers.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nFrom a legal point of view, it is worth remembering in relation to possible peace negotiations that - according to Articles 52 and 53 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties - any treaty whose conclusion has been obtained by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles of the UN Charter or which - at the time of its conclusion - is in conflict with a peremptory norm of international law is null and void", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nMacron should reconsider his view that Putin cannot be humiliated and that he must be given an honourable way out of a conflict he provoked, even if he is unwilling to leave if he is not given the concessions he seeks to impose by force of arms. Is anyone humiliated by negotiating a just peace that returns to the \"status quo ante\" that existed before Ukraine's aggression began", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\n? What NATO needs to do now is to change its miserly attitude of limiting arms supplies to Ukraine and expand them appropriately, as urgently demanded by Zelenski, who bitterly claims that barely 10 per cent of what was requested has been provided.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nAFP/LUDOVIC MARIN - From left, Italy's Prime Minister Mario Draghi, Germany's Chancellor Olaf Scholz, Ukraine's President Volodimir Zelenski, France's President Emmanuel Macron and Romania's President Klaus Iohannis meet for a working session at the Mariinsky Palace, Kiev, Ukraine, June 16.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThere seems to be an unwritten commitment among Alliance members not to send heavy weapons to Ukraine in order to avoid direct confrontation with Russia, but such an attitude is unacceptable when Russia is massacring a defenceless nation. It is fine for the Alliance not to send troops, given that Ukraine is not a NATO member, but it is only right that it should provide Ukraine with the weapons it needs to defend itself against unrelenting Russian aggression", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nStoltenberg has said that more advanced equipment and heavy weapons systems were being supplied since February, but they are not enough. We need to move from words to deeds and provide the weapons to counter Russian bombardment now, without waiting for the Madrid summit at the end of this month.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nThe EU, for its part, should grant Ukraine candidate status at its Council meeting on the 23rd. This would be an important political endorsement and considerable moral support for the Ukrainian people, which would not have irreparable consequences, as the admission process will be a lengthy one, since - as Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has warned - there can be no shortcuts to Ukraine's accession", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nObviously, if Ukraine has to make major reforms to meet Copenhagen's admission requirements, it is impossible to do so at this time of war and time will have to be given, but it would be an important statement of principle that would boost the morale of the Ukrainian people, who are being destroyed by Russia for wanting to be European.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nFor some right-thinking people, Putin and Russia cannot be humiliated, but Zelenski and the martyred Ukrainian people can be humiliated. It should be just the opposite, for - as the Gospel says - the Lord \"has scattered those who are fattened by the thoughts of their hearts, has cast down the mighty from their thrones, and has exalted the lowly\" (Luke 1:51-52)\nAn uncertain and worrying future\nWhat in exchange for peace?\nMorocco emerges as one of the main beneficiaries of Russian gas", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nRussia establishes a foothold in the Sahel through the Wagner group after the French pullout\nReal Madrid pull away from La Liga and open the \"Vinicius case\"\nIran will pardon those arrested in demonstrations if they sign a \"declaration of repentance\"\nBouziane Ahmed Khodja: \"Makeda is the spokesperson for all women\"\nSpain, witness to Morocco's progress at the High Level Meeting\nFor Mediterranean and Atlantic leaders, it wants to be the bridge of communication, information and understanding between cultures.", "Putin's unwitting collaborators in Ukraine\nAddress: Calle Claudio Coello, 10. 28001 Madrid. Espa\u00f1a\nEmail: [email protected]\nAtalayar en Twitter\nTweets by @Atalayar_\n\u00a9 Copyright 2019 por Atalayar. Derechos reservados."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.arsenal.com/news/rest-peace-theo-foley

Rest in peace, Theo Foley

["Rest in peace, Theo Foley\nRest in peace, Theo Foley\nArsenal Media 26 Jun 2020\nEveryone at Arsenal is saddened by the news that Theo Foley has passed away at the age of 83.\nTheo made his name as a player for Northampton Town, and captained the Cobblers as they rose through the divisions to reach the First Division in 1965. It remains the only season that Northampton have featured in the top flight.", "Rest in peace, Theo Foley\nBut the former Ireland international is perhaps best known for his spell as George Graham\u2019s assistant between 1986 and 1990. A highly respected coach, who was a hugely popular member of the dressing room, he will always be remembered as one of the heroes from our title-winning season in 1989.\nTheo made many great friends among players and staff during his time at Arsenal and his death will be felt keenly by all those in the game who knew him."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.sk/books?id=dFfojwEACAAJ&dq=editions:OCLC1066806569&hl=sk&output=html_text&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2

The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens

["The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nThe Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nCreative Media Partners, LLC, 6. 5. 2016 - 398 str\u00e1n (strany)\nThe Plays of William Shakspeare: With Notes of Various Commentators\nThe Plays of William Shakspeare: Cymbeline\nWilliam Shakespeare,George Steevens,Nicholas Rowe\nO tomto autorovi (2016)", "The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nWilliam Shakespeare, 1564 - 1616 Although there are many myths and mysteries surrounding William Shakespeare, a great deal is actually known about his life. He was born in Stratford-Upon-Avon, son of John Shakespeare, a prosperous merchant and local politician and Mary Arden, who had the wealth to send their oldest son to Stratford Grammar School. At 18, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, the 27-year-old daughter of a local farmer, and they had their first daughter six months later", "The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nHe probably developed an interest in theatre by watching plays performed by traveling players in Stratford while still in his youth. Some time before 1592, he left his family to take up residence in London, where he began acting and writing plays and poetry. By 1594 Shakespeare had become a member and part owner of an acting company called The Lord Chamberlain's Men, where he soon became the company's principal playwright", "The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nHis plays enjoyed great popularity and high critical acclaim in the newly built Globe Theatre. It was through his popularity that the troupe gained the attention of the new king, James I, who appointed them the King's Players in 1603. Before retiring to Stratford in 1613, after the Globe burned down, he wrote more than three dozen plays (that we are sure of) and more than 150 sonnets", "The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nHe was celebrated by Ben Jonson, one of the leading playwrights of the day, as a writer who would be \"not for an age, but for all time,\" a prediction that has proved to be true. Today, Shakespeare towers over all other English writers and has few rivals in any language. His genius and creativity continue to astound scholars, and his plays continue to delight audiences. Many have served as the basis for operas, ballets, musical compositions, and films", "The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nWhile Jonson and other writers labored over their plays, Shakespeare seems to have had the ability to turn out work of exceptionally high caliber at an amazing speed. At the height of his career, he wrote an average of two plays a year as well as dozens of poems, songs, and possibly even verses for tombstones and heraldic shields, all while he continued to act in the plays performed by the Lord Chamberlain's Men. This staggering output is even more impressive when one considers its variety", "The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nExcept for the English history plays, he never wrote the same kind of play twice. He seems to have had a good deal of fun in trying his hand at every kind of play. Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, all published on 1609, most of which were dedicated to his patron Henry Wriothsley, The Earl of Southhampton. He also wrote 13 comedies, 13 histories, 6 tragedies, and 4 tragecomedies. He died at Stratford-upon-Avon April 23, 1616, and was buried two days later on the grounds of Holy Trinity Church in Stratford", "The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nN\u00e1zov The Plays Of William Shakespeare: Timon Of Athens\nAutor William Shakespeare\nVydanie ilustrovan\u00e9\nVydavate\u013e Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2016\nK\u00f3d ISBN 1355632331, 9781355632337"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.jcrelations.net/article/pope-meets-with-chief-rabbi-of-rome-affirms-mutual-esteem-and-trust.html?tx_extension_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_extension_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&cHash=f0d431225705ae589d2697cfe7f0d25e

Pope Meets with Chief Rabbi of Rome, Affirms "Mutual Esteem and Trust"

["Pope Meets with Chief Rabbi of Rome, Affirms Mutual Esteem and Trust\nPope Meets with Chief Rabbi of Rome, Affirms \"Mutual Esteem and Trust\"\n31.01.2006 Reports\nIn an address on the occasion of the January 16, 2006, visit to the Vatican by Dr. Riccardo DiSegni, Chief Rabbi of Rome, and a delegation from the Jewish community, Pope Benedict XVI re-affirmed the \"mutual esteem and trust\" that, he said, has prevailed between Catholics and Jews especially since the Second Vatican Council.", "Pope Meets with Chief Rabbi of Rome, Affirms Mutual Esteem and Trust\nIn an address on the occasion of the January 16, 2006, visit to the Vatican by Dr. Riccardo DiSegni, Chief Rabbi of Rome, and a delegation from the Jewish community, Pope Benedict XVI re-affirmed the \"mutual esteem and trust\" that, he said, has prevailed between Catholics and Jews especially since the Second Vatican Council. \"The Catholic Church is close to you and is your friend,\" the Pope stated", "Pope Meets with Chief Rabbi of Rome, Affirms Mutual Esteem and Trust\n\"Yes, we love you and we cannot fail to love you.\" He proposed that Christians and Jews \"unite our hands and hearts in concrete initiatives of solidarity, tzedek (justice) and tzedekah (charity).\"", "Pope Meets with Chief Rabbi of Rome, Affirms Mutual Esteem and Trust\nIn his response, Rabbi Dr. DiSegni thanked the Pope for his \"sensitivity shown in the denunciation of past and present anti-Semitism,\" his condemnation of terrorism, and his \"attention to the State of Israel, which for the whole Jewish people is an essential and central reference.\" Rabbi DiSegni presented the Pope with a silver Yad, a ritualistic pointer used in Torah reading.\nFull text of the Pope's remarks"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-painter-who-hated-picasso-133041704/

The Painter Who Hated Picasso

["The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nThe Painter Who Hated Picasso\nSporting artist Alfred Munnings loved horses, the English countryside and a good stiff drink. What he didn\u2019t like was modern art\nPeter Chew", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\n\"Your Royal Highness, Your Excellencies, Your Graces, My Lords and Gentlemen, pray silence for the President of the Royal Academy of Arts, Sir Alfred Munnings.\" When Sir Alfred rose to address Britain's most influential arbiters of art that evening in 1949, he had reached the pinnacle of an amazing career, having risen from obscure provincial artist to general acceptance as one of the leading painters of his generation\u2014and by far its most rambunctious.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nHe had become wealthy and famous, lionized on both sides of the Atlantic by Rothschilds and Astors and members of the royal family. His friends included Sir Winston Churchill, poet laureate John Masefield, high-ranking military, racehorse owners, trainers, masters of foxhounds and \"staunch farmers of the right breed,\" as he put it.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nHis legacy endures. His early paintings of gypsy encampments, wild ponies and county fairs in long ago East Anglia are enjoying brisk sales, as are his later equestrian portraits and scenes of Thoroughbred racing at Newmarket, Epsom and the like. Even though sporting art has often been treated with condescension by the art establishment, his works fetch prices in the millions, right up there with those of Francis Bacon, Lucian Freud and David Hockney", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\n\"There has been an incredible flowering of his followers as well as his prices,\" says Peter L. Villa, a Manhattan art dealer and former Christie's executive. \"He has always been the leading light of English sporting art, a painter of great flair with a tremendous sense of the subject he was painting.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nBut Munnings' life was not all strawberries and clotted cream. Born the second of four sons to a miller in 1878, he lost the sight of his right eye just before his 21st birthday; from about age 30, gout had him in its grip, and his first wife tried to commit suicide on their honeymoon only to succeed two years later in 1914.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nAnd in his autobiography, Munnings recounts the \"chill\" he felt when it dawned on him that \"much that was beautiful in England was slipping away,\" a transition he lovingly documented. \"He was completely besotted with the countryside of England and hated to see it change,\" says Munnings expert Lorian Peralta-Ramos. \"It was heart-wrenching for him to see the horse replaced by the machine.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nOf a piece with his distress over the loss of Arcadia was his obsessive hatred of modern art\u2014with the exception of Impressionism, which he embraced in many of his paintings. He thoroughly enjoyed taking potshots at contemporaries Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, and he felt that few modern artists had paid their dues or even learned to draw.\n\"What are pictures for?\" he asked. \"To fill a man's soul with admiration and sheer joy, not to bewilder and daze him.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nMunnings' life began in relatively humble circumstances, in the sleepy rural country along the Suffolk-Norfolk border, 75 miles northeast of London. At that time the horse was still central to humankind's existence. The animal had been celebrated in the brilliant equestrian paintings and lithographs of George Stubbs (1724-1806), whose work paved the way for Munnings. So too did the encouragement of his parents, who presented the boy with a toy horse at age 4", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nThe artist would long remember its black mane and bobbing head, as he would his first pony\u2014and every other horse he ever owned. In An Artist's Life, the first volume of Munnings' three-part memoir, he recalls a carriage ride with his father who shared his love of high-spirited horses: \"It was then the grey mare. I can see her now as plainly as one of my own today. A fair-sized, well-bred mare, all quality and with a temperament", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nI can see those pricked-up ears in front of us and the short, silky, silver mane in the breeze. I hear her hooves on the road, the jingle of the silver-mounted harness and the sound of the wheels as we bowled along.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nWith his three brothers, young Alfred spent his days roaming the meadows and playing along the Waveney River. But this idyllic childhood came abruptly to an end at age 14, when his father bound him to a six-year apprenticeship to Page Brothers & Co., Ltd., lithographers in Norwich, 20 miles from the Munnings home in Mendham. After each ten-hour workday, Alfred would walk to the Norwich School of Art to study until 9 p.m", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nFor a restless, energetic young man it was a grinding, often boring regimen, softened only by the occasional bottle of cheap wine and the volume of Tennyson he kept beneath his desk.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nStill, Munnings thrived under the pressure of turning out imaginative advertising illustrations on short notice for such accounts as Colman\u2019s Mustard, Waverley Cycles, and A. J. Caley & Son chocolate and cracker manufacturers. His work for Caley brought in so much business that John Shaw Tomkins, a company director, took Munnings under his wing.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nIn 1899, the 20-year-old artist was elected to the Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolour, and the Royal Academy of Arts accepted two of his paintings for display. In one, Stranded, a little girl in a blue pinafore and a boy struggle to free their rowboat from reeds along a riverbank. In the other, Pike-fishing in January, a lone angler stands by a stream, his collar turned up.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nIt's hard to overstate the importance of the Royal Academy of Arts, the prestigious society established by King George III in 1768 to compete with the French salon. Sir Joshua Reynolds was appointed first president, with membership then restricted to 40 academicians and 20 associates. Munnings celebrated his academy acceptance by going into his beloved English countryside with a friend for a hunt race meeting", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\n\"I saw the thoroughbred horses and jockeys in bright silk colours going off down the course,\" he later wrote. \"The peaceful School of Art, the smelly artists' room at Page Brothers faded away, and I began to live!\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nNot much later, his apprenticeship over, Munnings began the perilous business of making a living as an artist. It was around this time that he suffered a disaster: while lifting a puppy over a thorn barrier, a branch rebounded and a thorn pierced his right eye, blinding it. He spent six months in a Norwich nursing home with both eyes bandaged and his savings evaporating", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nWhen the bandages at last came off, he had trouble with depth perception and gauging distances, problems that would bother him the rest of his life.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nTo ease his way back into solvency, Munnings' mentor and first patron, Tomkins, gave him commercial assignments. Munnings also unapologetically sought solace in the bottle. He describes, with genuine affection, a particularly lethal punch made from an 18th-century recipe consisting of rum, brandy, sherry, lemons, sugar and cloves, which was \"never known to fail in making a night.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nIn 1904 he moved to Swainsthorpe, five miles south of Norwich, where he rented rooms and a studio in a farmhouse. There he assembled a band of ponies, horses and a donkey to serve as models. He bought a blue caravan with a stovepipe peeking out of the roof and a flatbed cart to carry a tent, a big umbrella, an easel, oil paints, canvases, turpentine, brushes, piles of paint rags, as well as watercolor materials.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nHe acquired the most picturesque of his human models\u2014a youth nicknamed Shrimp. This young gypsy, \"a wild, uncivilized primitive,\" also helped with the animals and baggage, but caused Munnings many a headache. Shrimp could neither read nor write; he drank too much; fell into minor scrapes with the law; and proved a cunning predator of farmers' daughters along the fields and down the tranquil lanes of Norfolk and Suffolk. But Shrimp was also indispensable", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nMunnings had him fit out with corduroy trousers, and a black waistcoat, yellow kerchief and soft cap. Thus caparisoned, he appears in many early Munnings works, including one in which Shrimp whips a thundering herd of ponies up and over a stream bank; Coming Through the Gap, as it is called, brought $2,274,000 at a Christie's auction of 21 works in June 2002 that brought more than $8.5 million.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nThe years from about 1900 to 1914, encompassing the Edwardian era, were among the artist's most creative. He produced wonderfully atmospheric pictures of farmers and villagers gossiping and otherwise enjoying themselves at horse fairs and country race meetings. These were his people; the Munnings clan had been living in these parts, close to the soil, since the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nIn the summer of 1910, Munnings fell in love with Cornwall, in southwest England, with its stone-walled dairy farms, spectacular cliffs, pounding surf and cry of sea gulls. Late one December afternoon at a spot along the coast, the artist was out with the hunt when a fox eluded the hounds and bounded down a cliff. When the riders dismounted and peered below, they saw the fox crouching on a boulder at the edge of the booming surf", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nMunnings and the whipper-in (identified only as \"Jack\") made their way down the cliff. Jack cracked his whip at the fox, which plunged into the water with a terrified yelp and was immediately fighting for its life.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nIn his memoirs, Munnings recalls that the current repeatedly carried the rapidly tiring fox just short of the rocks, only to drag him back to sea. At what must have been the fox's last chance, a huge wave lifted him ashore. He shook himself, scrambled up the cliff and disappeared into a crevice. Jack started after him, but Munnings stopped him. The professional hunt staff was furious, but members of the hunt field cheered", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nSir Alfred's last days in Cornwall were spent in the looming shadow of World War I. Munnings found some of the young artists there less interested in painting than partying, which they did Roman-style, sipping wine and nibbling grapes on floor cushions. The army turned Munnings down because of his blind eye, but he was able to wangle a civilian job outside of Reading in 1917, processing tens of thousands of Canadian horses en route to France\u2014and often death", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nNearly 500,000 British horses alone perished in World War I. After about a year, Munnings became an official war artist attached to the Canadian Cavalry Brigade under the command of British general J.E.B. \"Jack\" Seely.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nOn a bitter cold January morning in 1918, in a shell-blasted landscape on the Western Front, a few thousand yards from the German lines, Munnings painted a portrait of General Seely and Warrior, his charger. Later, when General Seely's unit was forced into a galloping retreat, the artist discovered what it was like to come under shellfire.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nWhen he returned to his old life in London in the summer of 1918, it was like Murphy's Law turned on its head: everything that could go right professionally for the 40-year-old artist did go right. A pair of canny Scottish art dealers bought up most of his prewar paintings, helping to make him financially secure", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nHe leased his first apartment and studio in London and in 1919, bought Castle House in Dedham, Suffolk, in the \"Constable country\" along the Suffolk-Essex border, famed for its big sky and gnarled oaks and so-called in tribute to the great landscape artist John Constable (1776-1837), whom Munnings hugely admired", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nHis 1919 London exhibition of 45 paintings of the Canadians in France was a smashing success, and he was in even greater demand after Princess Alice commissioned him to paint her husband, the Earl of Athlone. Munnings posed him in uniform, aboard his horse against a faux battlefield on the grounds of Windsor Castle.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nIn 1920, Munnings married Violet McBride, a young widow and a top show ring rider, the daughter of a society riding instructor. Her social connections were doubtless helpful. She had a shrewd head for business and handled their finances skillfully. The Munnings were often apart for long stretches while he traveled and she hunted foxes.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nAt Munnings' favorite racetrack, historic Newmarket, he produced a series of paintings showing horses plunging, rearing and milling about at the start in what Edgar Degas reportedly once called a state of \"naked tension.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nHe painted paddock scenes before the races and winner's circle scenes after, but in only a few instances did he portray the race itself. He loved horse racing\u2014but lamented any exploitation of the animals. He went on shooting parties\u2014but never carried a gun. His war paintings omitted any carnage.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nFrom the 1920s until his death in 1959, Munnings could count upon a steady stream of rich commissions. From time to time, though, he threatened to quit work-for-hire and concentrate upon subjects of his own choosing, especially country life and landscapes. But his wife kept his hand to the easel, reminding him of their overhead which, at one point, included taking care of more than 30 horses, a country hunting cottage, their London properties, his London clubs and other manifestations of the good life.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nMunnings was sometimes gone for months at a time living among the wealthiest people in the world. That life had its benefits. Munnings writes of sketching a mare and foal in an elm-shaded paddock at Anthony de Rothschild's Southcourt Stud near Leighton Buzzard in the early 1920s. In those days a groom appeared daily at teatime with a silver service, placing it on the grass beside the artist with a word of encouragement. \"There, sir, that should help you to keep going.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nBut Munnings also found that life in the rarefied air among patrons could be lonely. \"You are a guest but you are really not their friend,\" observes Peralta-Ramos. \"You are a servant but you are not a servant. It's a very awkward situation.\" To his credit, Munnings did not try to soften his Suffolk accent or change his salty language or his raffish style of dress. He was who he was", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nBut he became more opinionated as the years rolled by, which also aggravated his obsessions about Picasso and what one critic called the Spaniard's \"queer distortions.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\n\"If he didn't agree with you, he'd let you know it and was not going to smile politely and let you get away with a silly comment,\" says Peralta-Ramos. He attracted fierce supporters and equally avid detractors.\n\"As those artists whom he criticized became more popular, it was the critic, not the artists, who suffered,\" says Duncan Robinson of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. \"He lost some battles. But he was a fighter, old Munnings.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nIn 1932, philanthropist Paul Mellon asked Munnings to paint him astride his favorite hunter, Dublin, in Gloucestershire. In his Reflections in a Silver Spoon, Mellon recalls getting a photograph of the painting before the real thing arrived. \"I thought the bushy willow tree to the left was a little disturbing and wrote to Munnings, asking whether he could do something to make it slightly less prominent,\" Mellon recalled", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\n\"Sometime later, I got a blast back saying in the first place, the tree wasn't a willow, it was a pollarded oak, and second, he had no intention of changing anything whatsoever. So that was that.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nNeither man could have imagined that Mellon, then 25, would one day become one of the greatest supporters of sporting art and the biggest collector of Munnings' work.", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nFrom those in love with horses, Sir Alfred's work often elicits strong emotions. After World War I, for example, he visited General Seely (by then, Lord Mottistone) at his farm on the Isle of Wight and again sketched the general's war horse. In My Horse, Warrior, below the sketch, the general wrote: \"Here is Warrior's head as drawn by my friend Munnings. The likeness is so striking, the expression so true, that I confess it moves me deeply", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nAfter lunching one day at Chartwell with Winston Churchill, Munnings encouraged the artistic efforts of England's most famous amateur and saw to it that the Royal Academy elected him a \"member in extraordinary.\" Sir Winston, in turn, encouraged Sir Alfred to resume the academy's annual banquets at Burlington House, which had been suspended since the war. Though Munnings wanted to quit the presidency\u2014he found it irksome and time-consuming\u2014he agreed to stay on through 1949 and to hold a farewell banquet", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nBBC Radio would cover the event. Munnings borrowed the toastmaster from the office of the Lord Mayor of London, and signed up the Royal Artillery band to play \"The Boys of the Old Brigade.\" The distinguished white tie assemblage included Viscount Montgomery of Alamein; the Archbishop of Canterbury; and Anthony Blunt, Surveyor of the King's pictures, later to be convicted of spying for the Soviet Union", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nBy the time it was Munnings' turn to speak, he had apparently consumed a great deal of sherry, followed by several toasts with champagne. Soon he was having trouble getting past words like\"\u201cinnumerable,\" but his message was clear and heartfelt. \"I find myself a president of a body of men who are what I call shilly-shallying", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nThey feel there is something in this so-called modern art....Well, I myself would rather have\u2014excuse me, my Lord Archbishop\u2014a damned bad failure, a bad, muddy old picture where somebody has tried...to set down what they have seen than all this affected juggling....Not so long ago I spoke in this room to the students, and....I said to those students, 'if you paint a tree, for God's sake try and make it look like a tree, and if you paint a sky, try and make it look like a sky....'\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nHe might as well have rolled a grenade down the banquet table. There were shouts of \"hear, hear,\" angry interruptions and outbursts of laughter. Munnings bristled: \"As I am president and have the right of the chair, allow me to speak. I shall not be here next year, thank God!\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nThe next morning, phone calls and cables poured into the academy and the BBC, followed by hundreds of letters, the great majority of which, Munnings insisted, supported him. Cartoonists had fun with the war of brush and palette. David Low, of the Evening Standard, depicted Munnings leading a cavalry charge up the steps of the Tate Gallery. The caption read: \"General Munnings's lowbrow cavalry charges the Tate Gallery. Picasso taken prisoner! Matisse severely wounded!\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\n\"Munnings stood for everything that was reactionary in that speech when, in fact, he wasn't as reactionary as perhaps he thought he was,\" says Malcolm Cormack, the former Paul Mellon Curator of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond. \"He owed a great deal to Impressionism. You can't think of Munnings without seeing those wonderful impressionist landscapes that he did.\"", "The Painter Who Hated Picasso\nToward the end of his life, Sir Alfred's left eye was beginning to fail him along with his general health. He died in his sleep in the early hours of July 17, 1959. He was 80. His ashes were placed in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral beside those of John Constable. Poet John Masefield's inscription on Sir Alfred's memorial plaque reads:\nO friend, how lovely are the things,\nthe English things, you help us to perceive."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://mykiss1031.com/little-richard-rock-pioneer-dies-at-87/

Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87

["Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nLittle Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nNick DeRiso Updated: May 9, 2020\nVince Bucci, Getty Images\nLittle Richard, a major architect of early rock and principal influence on Paul McCartney, has died at age 87. He was reported to have been gravely ill since 2016.\nHis son, Danny Penniman, confirmed the news to Rolling Stone, adding that the cause of death was unknown.", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nKnown for his whooping vocals, genre-bending music and wild personal style, Little Richard suffered a stroke and a heart attack in recent years, and was said to have spent much of his final days in a penthouse suite at the Hilton hotel in downtown Nashville, according to the Oxford American. He retired after suffering the heart attack during a fundraising event in 2013, and had reportedly been in a wheelchair while struggling to recover from 2009 surgical procedure on his hip.", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nBorn Richard Penniman on Dec. 5, 1932, in Macon, Ga., Little Richard was the third of 12 children with a stern father who never approved of the boy's lifestyle choices. Richard took solace in gospel singing and piano playing in the church, where a pair of uncles and his grandfather served as preachers. Later, he was taken in by a white family who owned a nightclub, and Little Richard continued to hone his flamboyant performing skills.", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nAn early contract with RCA, sparked after an executive heard Richard on an Atlanta radio station, went nowhere. It was only after signing with Specialty \u2013 a label that paired the over-agitated shouter with New Orleans musicians who shared his gumption \u2013 that Little Richard went from nobody to supernova.", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\n\"Tutti-Frutti,\" a No. 17 smash recorded in 1955 at Cosimo Matassa\u2019s J&M Studio, opened the door for a string of era-defining hits. Among the best known were \"Long Tall Sally\" and \"Good Golly Miss Molly.\" Little Richard also appeared in a spate of early rock films, including 1957's The Girl Can't Help It. But the church still tugged at Little Richard, and that same year saw him give it all up for the ministry. God Is Real, his debut religious album, arrived in 1959.", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nBy then, however, the Beatles \u2013 like so many young rock 'n' rollers \u2013 were already hooked. \"Long Tall Sally\" had became part of their live set beginning in 1957 \u2013 not long after it was released. \"I could do Little Richard's voice \u2013 which is a wild, hoarse, screaming thing,\" McCartney told Barry Miles in Many Years from Now. \"It's like an out-of-body experience. You have to leave your current sensibilities and go about a foot above your head to sing it. You have to actually go outside yourself.\"", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nHe got even better at imitating the early-rock legend after Little Richard was said to have taught the group his signature \"Wooo!\" in Hamburg, Germany. \"The Beatles were barely known then,\" Richard said in 2010. \"They opened for me at the Star Club. [Laughs.] I had gotten the inspiration for that 'Wooo' from gospel singer Marion Williams.\"", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nThe Beatles' version of \"Long Tall Sally\" excited him so much that it ended up luring Little Richard out of retirement. He never again reached the chart heights of his early Specialty days but, by then, his legacy as a member of rock's Mount Rushmore was already secure. Little Richard would become one of the 10 original Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inductees back in 1986.", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\n\"A lot of people call me the architect of rock 'n' roll,\" Little Richard once told Rolling Stone. \"I don't call myself that, but I believe it's true.\"", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nHe continued to work before the camera, memorably appearing on TV's Miami Vice and in the 1986 film Down and Out in Beverly Hills. Comeback tries included work for labels like Vee-Jay, Okeh, Brunswick and Reprise \u2013 the latter of which released a string of critically lauded, but light-selling early '70s albums. Along the way, he opened for the Rolling Stones, boasted a band with Jimi Hendrix on guitar, and sat in with Joe Walsh, Canned Heat, Elton John, and Delaney and Bonnie, among many others.", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nHe'll always perhaps be most closely associated, however, with the Beatles. Such was their regard for Little Richard that \"Long Tall Sally\" remained a staple of Beatles shows through to their last official tour stop in 1966 at San Francisco \u2013 where it served as the band's final complete-song performance that night. \"Little Richard was one of the all-time greats,\" John Lennon said in Anthology", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\n\"The first time I heard him a friend of mine had been to Holland and brought back a 78 with 'Long Tall Sally' on one side, and 'Slippin' and Slidin'' on the other. It blew our heads. We'd never heard anybody sing like that in our lives.\"", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nMcCartney eventually recorded his own Little Richard-style vamp, \"I'm Down,\" during a remarkably versatile 1965 session that also included \"I've Just Seen a Face\" and \"Yesterday.\" (\"A lot of people were fans of Little Richard,\" McCartney told Miles, \"so I used to sing his stuff but there came a point when I wanted one of my own, so I wrote 'I'm Down.'\") The Beatles had earlier included \"Kansas City / Hey Hey Hey Hey\" on 1964's Beatles for Sale as an homage to him, then borrowed Little Richard's old keyboard player Billy Preston for a series of collaborations, most notably 1969's \"Get Back.\"", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nLennon later stormed through a medley of \"Rip It Up\" and \"Ready Teddy\" on 1975's Rock 'n' Roll. McCartney added an official version of \"Lucille,\" another favorite from the early-Beatles repertoire, onto 1988's Choba B CCCP. \"Shake a Hand\" from 1999's Run Devil Run had also earlier been recorded by McCartney's musical hero. Little Richard returned the favor, adding a second vocal on the Beatles' \"I Saw Her Standing There\" for Jerry Lee Lewis' 2006 album Last Man Standing.\nIn Memoriam: 2020 Deaths", "Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nNext: Top 10 Little Richard Songs\nSource: Little Richard, Rock Pioneer, Dies at 87\nFiled Under: Little Richard\n28 Modern Black History Makers and Moments\nHere Is A Texas Favorite Chicken Fried Steak Recipe"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://scarlettedove.com/products/amor-azteca-belt-buckle

Amor Azteca Belt Buckle

["Amor Azteca Belt Buckle\nHome Products Amor Azteca Belt Buckle\nAmor Azteca Belt Buckle\nThe true legend of Amor Azteca...\nThousands of years ago, when the Aztec Empire dominated the Valley of Mexico, it was common practice to subject neighboring towns and to require a mandatory tax. It was then that the chief of the Tlaxcaltecas, bitter enemies of the Aztecs, weary of this terrible oppression, decided to fight for his people\u2019s freedom.", "Amor Azteca Belt Buckle\nThe chief had a daughter named Iztaccihuatl: the most beautiful of all the princesses, who had professed her love for young Popocatepetl, one of her father\u2019s people and the most handsome warrior. Both professed a deep love for each other, so before leaving for war, Popocatepetl asked the chief for the hand of Princess Iztaccihuatl.", "Amor Azteca Belt Buckle\nThe father gladly agreed and promised to welcome him back with a big celebration to give him his daughter\u2019s hand if he returned victorious from the battle. The brave warrior accepted, prepared everything and departed keeping in his heart the promise that the princess would be waiting for him to consummate their love. Soon afterward a love rival of Popocatepetl, jealous of the love they professed to each other, told Princess Iztaccihuatl that her beloved had died in combat.", "Amor Azteca Belt Buckle\nCrushed and overwhelmed by sadness, the princess died without even knowing that it was a lie. Popocatepetl returned victorious to his people, hoping to find his beloved princess. Upon arrival, he received the terrible news of the death of Iztaccihuatl.\nInspired by the love story of Popo and Izta...\nRound metal belt buckle with an image of the warrior Popocatepetl carrying his deceased love Iztaccihuatl. Blue and white rhinestones surround the image.\nMeasures: 2.75\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://blog.joemoreno.com/2021/07/joes-old-fashioned-recipe.html?m=1

Joe's Old Fashioned Recipe

["Joe's Old Fashioned Recipe\nJoe's Old Fashioned Recipe\nCocktails (mixed drinks) became popular in the early 1800s. During the Civil War, the old fashioned concoction was in vogue and 40 years later, at the turn of the 20th Century, it was considered an \"old fashioned\" drink.", "Joe's Old Fashioned Recipe\nAlthough the old fashioned was a popular drink in the 1960s, it was virtually extinct by the turn of the 21st Century. Then came along the character Don Draper. Draper revitalized the drink, in real life pop culture, on the fictional TV show Mad Men. The series focused on the lead employees at a Madison Avenue advertising agency, hence Madison Avenue Men.\nThe old fashioned, in any of its variations, is a proper drink worthy, in caliber, of people I call friends.\n1 sugar cube\n2 - 4 dashes Angostura bitters", "Joe's Old Fashioned Recipe\n2 oz rye or bourbon whiskey (I recommend rye)\n1 small slice of orange with peel\nA few ounces plain water\nIn a lowball glass, add the sugar cube, cherry, and orange slice along with a few dashes of bitters and then muddle it. Mix in either rye or bourbon and a few ounces of water. Serve on the rocks.\nYou can also try Don Draper's recipe."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.libraryireland.com/AncientLegendsSuperstitions/Introduction.php

Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland

["Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland\nThe ancient legends of all nations of the world, on which from age to age the generations of man have been nurtured, bear so striking a resemblance to each other that we are led to believe there was once a period when the whole human family was of one creed and one language", "Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland\nBut with increasing numbers came the necessity of dispersion; and that ceaseless migration was commenced of the tribes of the earth from the Eastern cradle of their race which has now continued for thousands of years with undiminished activity.", "Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland\nFrom the beautiful Eden-land at the head of the Persian Gulf, where creeds and culture rose to life, the first migrations emanated, and were naturally directed along the line of the great rivers, by the Euphrates and the Tigris and southward by the Nile; and there the first mighty cities of the world were built, and the first mighty kingdoms of the East began to send out colonies to take possession of the unknown silent world around them", "Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland\nFrom Persia, Assyria, and Egypt, to Greece and the Isles of the Sea, went forth the wandering tribes, carrying with them, as signs of their origin, broken fragments of the primal creed, and broken idioms of the primal tongue\u2014those early pages in the history of the human race, eternal and indestructible, which hundreds of centuries have not been able to obliterate from the mind of man.", "Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland\nBut as the early tribes diverged from the central parent stock, the creed and the language began to assume new forms, according as new habits of life and modes of thought were developed amongst the wandering people, by the influence of climate and the contemplation of new and striking natural phenomena in the lands where they found a resting-place or a home", "Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland\nStill, amongst all nations a basis remained of the primal creed and language, easily to be traced through all the mutations caused by circumstances in human thought, either by higher culture or by the debasement to which both language and symbols are subjected amongst rude and illiterate tribes.", "Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland\nTo reconstruct the primal creed and language of humanity from these scattered and broken fragments, is the task which is now exciting so keenly the energies of the ardent and learned ethnographers of Europe; as yet, indeed, with but small success as regards language, for not more, perhaps, than twenty words which the philologists consider may have belonged to the original tongue have been discovered; that is, certain objects or ideas are found represented in all languages by the same words, and therefore the philologist concludes that these words must have been associated with the ideas from the earliest dawn of language; and as the words express chiefly the relations of the human family to each other, they remained fixed in the minds of the wandering tribes, untouched and unchanged by all the diversities of their subsequent experience of life."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.hotfreebooks.com/book/The-Pagan-Tribes-of-Borneo-Charles-Hose-and-William-McDougall--5.html

The Pagan Tribes of Borneo

["The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nby Charles Hose and William McDougall\nSimilar fine decorative lashing is used by all the tribes for binding together the two halves of the sword sheath, and for binding the haft of knife or sword where it grips the metal blade, though brass wire is sometimes used for this purpose.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nClosely allied to this lashing is the production of decorative knots. A considerable variety of knots are in common use; they are always well tied and practically effective, but some are elaborated for decorative purposes to form rosettes, especially by Kayans in making their sword sheaths.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWe have stated above that the carved woodwork is often painted with black, red, and white pigments. It must be added that wooden surfaces are often painted on the flat, especially shields, the outer surfaces of walls of PADI huts, and tombs, also grave hats and the gunwales of boats, and decorative planks in the inner walls of the long gallery of the house", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Kenyahs and some of the Klemantans, especially the Skapans and Barawans, are most skilled in, and make most use of, this form of decoration; but it is probably practised in some degree by all the peoples.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe three pigments mentioned above \u2014 black, red, and white, made respectively from soot, iron oxide, and lime \u2014 are, so far as we know, the only native varieties; but at the present day these are sometimes supplemented with indigo and yellow pigments obtained from the bazaars. The pigment is generally laid on free-hand with the finger-tip, a few guiding points only being put in.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIt may be mentioned here that individuals of all the tribes will occasionally amuse themselves by making rude drawings with charcoal on the plank wall of the gallery. The drawings usually depict human and animal figures, and scenes from the life of the people, and they generally illustrate the particular form of occupation in which the household is employed at the time, E.G", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nscenes from the PADI fields, a group of people weeding, the return of a war-party, the collection of honey, the capture of a large fish. These drawings are invariably very crude; their nature is sufficiently indicated by Pl. 128. There seem to be no noteworthy differences in this respect between the different peoples.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Punans, having no houses and therefore no walls on which to draw pictures, have little opportunity to indulge any such tendency; but we have seen rude hunting scenes depicted by them on the walls of shallow caves; the technique consisted in scratching away the soft rotted surface of the limestone rock to produce outlines of the figures depicted.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Malanaus, who live in the large limestone caves during the time of harvesting the edible nests of the swift, sometimes make rude drawings with charcoal on the walls of the cave.\nThe weaving of decorative designs on cloth is almost confined to the Sea Dayaks. Some account of the designs will be given below.\nShell-work", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nShells (chiefly nassas and the flat bases of cone-shells) are sometimes applied by the Iban women to decorate their woven coats, by Kalabits (in concentric circles on their sunhats), and more rarely by other tribes in the decoration of baskets (Fig. 48). Fig. 49 represents a garment decorated in this fashion by Iban women, and worn by them when dancing with the heads of enemies in their hands.\nThe Decorative Designs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Kayans make use in their decorative art of a large number of conventional designs. The principal applications of these designs are in tatu, beadwork, the production of panels of wood for the adornment of houses, tombs, boats, and PADI barns, the decoration of bamboo boxes, and the painting of hats, and the carving of highly ornate doors to the rooms", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAll these applications involve the covering of flat or curved surfaces with patterns either in low relief only or without relief; and many of the designs are applied in all these different ways, and all of them together form a natural group", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nBesides these surface designs, a considerable variety of designs is used in giving decorative form to solid objects such as the handles of swords and paddles, the ends of main roof-beams in the houses, posts used in various rites and in the construction of tombs, the figure-heads of war-boats. These, with the exception of those used in carving the sword handles, which are highly peculiar, form another group of relatives", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe designs chased upon the blades of the swords constitute a fourth natural group distinct from the other two groups. A fifth small group of designs is carved in the form of fretwork. We propose to say a few words about the designs of each of these five groups.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(1) The designs of the first group are the most numerous and most widely applied. A large proportion of them obviously are conventionalised derivatives from animal forms. Of these animal forms the human figure, the dog, and the prawn have been the originals of the largest number of patterns; the macaque monkey and the large lizard (VARANUS) are also traceable. Some designs vaguely suggest a derivation from some animal form, but cannot confidently be assigned to any one origin.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA few seemed to be derived from vegetable forms; while some few, for example the hookpattern, seem to be derived from no animal or vegetable form. The hook-pattern seems to be symbolical of conjunction and acquisition in various spheres.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOf all the designs the derivatives from or variants of the dog are the most numerous and the most frequently applied. The name dog-pattern (KALANG ASU) is given to a very large number; and of these some obviously reproduce the form of the dog, while the derivation of the others from the same original can generally be made clear by the inspection of a number of intermediate forms, although some of them retain but very slight indications of the form or features of the dog", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe unmistakable dog-patterns are illustrated by one of the panels shown in Pl. 124; and in Pls. 134 ET SEQ. we reproduce a number of dog-patterns of more or less conventionalised characters. It will be noticed that the eye is the most constant feature about which the rest of the pattern is commonly centred; but that the eye also disappears from some of the most conventionalised", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIt seems probable that, although the name KALANG ASU continues to be commonly used to denote all this group of allies, many of those who use the term, and even of those who carve or work the patterns, are not explicitly aware in doing so that the name and the patterns refer to the dog, or are in any way connected with it; that is to say, both the words and the pattern have ceased to suggest to their minds the meaning of the word dog, and mean to them simply the pattern appropriate to certain uses.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWe have questioned men who have been accustomed to apply the dog-pattern as to the significance of the parts of the pattern, and have led them to recognise that the parts of the dog, eye, teeth, jaws, and so on, are represented; and this recognition has commonly been accompanied by expressions of enlightenment, as of one making an interesting discovery.[67] This ignorance of the origin of the pattern is naturally true only of the more conventionalised examples, whether of the dog or other natural forms", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nProbably a few who have specially interested themselves in the designs have traced out their connections pretty fully, but this is certainly quite exceptional. Most of the craftsmen simply copy the current forms, introducing perhaps now and then an additional scroll, or some other slight modification.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nSome men are well known as experts in the production of designs, and such a man can produce a wonderful variety, all or most being well-known conventions. Their mode of working frequently implies that the artist is working to a pattern, mentally fixed and clearly visualised, rather than working out any new design. For he will work first on one part of the surface, then on another, producing disconnected fragments of the pattern, and uniting them later", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAlthough the women use these patterns in beadwork and in tatuing, they rely in the main on the men for the patterns which they copy; these being drawn on wood or cloth for beadwork, or carved in low relief for tatuing. A Kayan expert may carry in mind a great variety of designs. One such expert produced for our benefit, during a ten days' halt of an expedition, forty-one patterns, drawn with pencil on paper; most of these are of considerable complexity and elaboration.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(2) The designs carved in the solid or in high relief are for the most part conventionalised copies of human and animal forms; but the conventionalising is not carried so far as in those of the first class, so that the carving generally constitutes an unmistakable representation of the original", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe posts set up as altars to the gods are generally carved in the human form, and the degree of elaboration varies widely from the rudest possible indication of the head and limbs to a complete representation of all the parts. But in no case (with the possible exception of some of the figures carved by Malanaus) is the human form reproduced with any high degree of accuracy or artistic merit (Figs. 50 \u2014 53)", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe animal forms are used chiefly as the figureheads of war-boats and at the ends of the main roof-beams of the houses; and some of these are executed with a degree of artistry that must win our admiration, especially when we reflect that the timber used is generally one of the harder kinds (but not iron-wood) such as the mirabo (AFZELIA PALEMBANICA), and that the only tools used are the axe, sword, and knife. The animals most frequently represented are the dog, crocodile, monkey, hornbill, and bear (Pls", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n122, 125, Figs. 45, 46, 54 \u2014 57). Carved dogs, comparatively little conventionalised, are sometimes used as the supports of low platforms upon which the chiefs may sit on ceremonious occasions.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(3) The handles of the swords, generally of deer's antlers, but sometimes of wood, exhibit a group of highly peculiar closely allied designs. All these seem to be derived from the human form, although in many cases this can only be traced in the light of forms intermediate between the less and the more highly conventionalised (Pls. 129, 184)", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIn examples in which the human form is most obvious, it has the following position and character: \u2014 The butt end of the blade is sunk in a piece (about six inches in length) of the main shaft of the antler at its distal or upper end. This piece constitutes the grip of the handle or hilt", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe proximal or lowest point of the antler projecting at an angle of some 70[degree] from the grip is cut down to a length of some four inches, forming a spur standing in the plane of the blade and towards its cutting edge. The grip is lashed with fine strips of rattan. The spur and the thick end in which the spur and the grip unite are elaborately carved", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIf the sword is held horizontally, its point directed forwards and its cutting edge upwards, the butt end is presented with the spur vertically before the face of the observer. It will then be seen that the surface turned to the observer presents the principal features of the human figure, standing with arms akimbo face to face with the observer. The key to the puzzle Is the double row of teeth. Above this are the two eyes", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nBelow the level of the mouth the elbows project laterally, and a little below these and nearer the middle line are the two hands; and below these again the two legs stand out, carved not merely in relief, but in the solid, and bent a little at the knee. The feet are indicated below and more laterally. From the crown of the head projects a ring of short hair made up of tufts white, black, and red in colour. Another short tuft projects from the region of the navel (", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n? pubis), and a pair of tufts project laterally a little below the level of the mouth. The extremity of the main shaft of the antler projects a little beyond the feet of the human figure, and is carved in a form which is clearly an animal derivative \u2014 probably from the dog or possibly the crocodile. From its open jaws projects a long tuft of hair, and a pair of short tufts project laterally from the region of its ears", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe whole of the carved part of the hilt thus represents a man standing upon the head of a dog (or crocodile). The interpretation of the whole is much obscured by the fact that the parts of the human figure named above are separated from one another by areas which are covered with a continuous scroll design in low relief, and by the fact that all the lateral parts of the carved area bear, scattered irregularly in relief, reduplications of the various features of the human figure, E.G", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nof the hands, elbows, knees, and even of the teeth, as well as many pairs of interlocking hooks. These last, which recur in other decorative designs, and which (as was said above) seem to symbolise the taking of heads, form an important and constant feature of the whole scheme of decoration. In the more elaborate examples they are carved out of the solid; and usually one hole (or more) about 5 mm", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIn the most elaborate examples of these carved sword hilts all obvious trace of the human figure is lost in a profusion of detail, which, however, is of the same general character as that of the examples described above, and seems to consist of the various features of the human and animal pattern combined in wild profusion with regard only to decorative effect, and not at all to the reproduction of the parent forms.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWith the decorative designs of the hilt of the sword must be classed those of its sheath. The sheath consists of two slips of TAPANG wood firmly lashed together with finely plaited rattan strips, both strips being hollowed so that they fit closely to the blade. It is provided with a plaited cord, which buckles about the waist. The inner piece of the sheath is smooth inside and out. The outer surface of the outer piece is often elaborately decorated", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe decoration consists in the main of designs carved in relief; and these are composed of the same elements as the design upon the sword hilt, namely, hooks, single and interlocking, elbows, teeth, etc., all woven about with a scroll design of relieved lines.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(4) The designs reproduced in fretwork are in the main adaptations of some of those used in decorating surfaces, especially of the dog pattern; but they are always conventionalised in a high degree (see Pl. 130). The hook pattern is frequently introduced to fill up odd corners. The human form is seldom or never traceable in work of this kind. Fretwork is chiefly used to adorn the tombs of chiefs.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(5) The designs chased on the surfaces of the blades of swords and knives and spear-heads form a distinctive group. They are flowing scroll patterns containing many spiral and S-shaped curves in which no animal or plant forms can be certainly traced, though suggestions of the KALANG ASU may be found", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe lack of affinity between these patterns and those applied to other surfaces suggests that they may have been taken over from some other people together with the craft of the smith; but possibly the distinctive character is due only to the exigencies of the material. Some of the designs painted on hats and shields exhibit perhaps some affinity with these. This work is almost confined to the Kayans.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIt is worthy of remark that the art work of the Kayans is in the main of a public character; for example, the decorative carving about the house is done by voluntary and co-operative effort in the public gallery and hardly at all in the private rooms; and ornamented hats and shields are hung in the gallery rather than in the private rooms; again, the war-boats, which are the common property of the household, are decorated more elaborately than those which are private property.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAll these forms of art work are the products of distinctly amateur effort; that is to say that, although certain individuals attain special skill and reputation in particular forms of art, they do not make their living by the practice of them, but rather, like every one else, rely in the main upon the cultivation of PADI for the family support; they will exchange services of this kind, and definite payments are sometimes agreed upon, but a large amount of such work is done for one another without any material reward.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Kenyahs make use of all, or most, of the patterns found among the Kayans, and there is little or nothing that distinguishes the decorative art of the one tribe from that of the other. They use the patterns based on the monkey rather more than the Kayans; and a decoration commonly found in their houses is a frieze running along the top of the main partition wall of the house, bearing in low relief an animal design, painted in red and black, which is called BALI SUNGEI (I.E. water-spirit) or Naga", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe latter name is known to all the tribes, and is probably of foreign origin; and it seems possible that the design and this name are derived from the dragon forms so commonly used in Chinese decorative art.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe various Klemantan tribes make use of many decorative designs very similar to those of the Kayans. Different animal forms predominant among the different tribes, E.G. among the LONG POKUNS the form of the gibbon and of the sacred ape (SEMINOPITHECUS HOSEI) are chiefly used in house decoration. Among the Sebops and Barawans the human figure predominates; the Malanaus make especially elaborate crocodile images in solid wood. The tombs of some of the Klemantans are very massive and elaborately decorated", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Tanjongs and Kanowits and Kalabits, who excel in basket-work, introduce a variety of patterns in black, red, and white. The majority of these are simple geometrical designs which arise naturally out of the nature of the material; of more elaborate designs specially common are the hook-pattern (Fig. 58), the pigeon's eye (Fig. 59), and the caterpillar (Fig. 60).", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIn wealth of decorative designs the Ibans surpass all the other tribes. These designs are displayed most abundantly in the decoration of bamboo surfaces and in the dyeing of cloths. The designs on bamboo surfaces are largely foliate scrolls, especially the yam-leaf, but also occasionally animal derivatives.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe designs dyed upon the cloths (Fig. 61) are largely animal derivatives; but the artists themselves seldom are aware of the derivation, even when the pattern bears the name of its animal origin; and as to the names of all, except the most obvious animal derivatives, even experts will differ. The frog, the young bird, the human form, and the lizard are the originals most frequently claimed", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nParts of the animal, such as the head or eye, are commonly repeated in serial fashion detached from the rest of its form. And in many cases it is, of course, impossible to identify the parts of the pattern, although it may show a general affinity with unmistakable animal patterns. One such pattern very commonly used in dyeing is named after AGI BULAN, the large shrew (GYMNURA); but we have not been able to trace the slightest resemblance to the animal in any of the various examples we have seen (Pls", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWe are inclined to suppose that the Ibans have copied many of their cloth-patterns from the Malays together with the crafts of dyeing and weaving. For their technique is similar to that of the Malays all over the peninsula, and the same is true of some of their designs. Only in this way, we think, can we account for their possession of these crafts, which are practised by but very few of the other inland peoples", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe fact that plant derivatives predominate greatly over animals in their designs, whereas the reverse is true of almost all other tribes, bears out this supposition, for the Malays are forbidden by their religion to represent animal forms, and make use largely of plant forms.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nTatuing is extensively practised among the tribes of Borneo. A great variety of patterns are used, and they are applied to many different parts of the body. A paper embodying most of the facts hitherto ascertained has been published by one of us (C. H.) in conjunction with Mr. R", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nShelford, formerly curator of the Sarawak Museum, who has paid special attention to the subject; we therefore reproduce here the greater part of the substance of that paper,[68] with some slight modifications, and we desire to express our thanks to Mr. Shelford[69] for his kind permission to make use of the paper in this way.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe great diversity of tribes in Borneo involves, in a study of their tatu and tatuing methods, a good deal of research and much travel, if first-hand information on the subject is to be obtained", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nBetween us we have covered a considerable area in Borneo and have closely crossquestioned members of nearly every tribe inhabiting Sarawak on their tatu, but we cannot claim to have exhausted the subject by any means; there are tribes in the interior of Dutch Borneo and in British North Borneo whom we have not visited, and concerning whom our knowledge is of the scantiest.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe practice of tatu is so widely spread throughout Borneo that it seems simpler to give a list of the tribes that do not tatu, than of those who do", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWe can divide such a list into two sections: the first including those tribes that originally did not tatu, though nowadays many individuals are met with whose bodies are decorated with designs copied from neighbouring tribes; the second including the tribes (mostly Klemantan) that have given up the practice of tatu owing to contact with Mohammedan and other influences.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n1. Punan. 2. Maloh. 3. Land Dyak.\n4. Malanau. 5. Miri. 6. Dali. 7. Narom. 8. Sigalang (down-river tribes of Ukit stock). 9. Siduan 10. Tutong. 11. Balait. 12. Bekiau (traces of a former practice of tatu occasionally found). 13. Bisaya. 14. Kadayans.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe patterns once employed by the tribes included in the second section of this list, most of which have adopted Malay dress and to some extent Malay customs, are lost beyond recall. The Land Dayaks display absolute ignorance of tatu, and aver that they never indulged in the practice. Maloh and Punan men ornamented with Kayan tatu designs we have often encountered; but they have no designs of their own, and attach no special significance to their borrowed designs.[70]", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWe may note here that the ornamentation of the body by means of raised scars and keloids is not known in Borneo. Both men and women of several tribes will test their bravery and indifference to pain by setting fire to a row of small pieces of tinder placed along the forearm, and the scars caused by these burns are often permanent, but should not be mistaken for decorative designs. Carl Bock (2, Pl. 16)[71] figures some Punan women with rows of keloids on the forearms, but states (p", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Kayans are, with one or two exceptions, the most tatued race in Borneo, and perhaps the best tatued from an artistic point of view; the designs used in the tatu of the men have been widely imitated, and much ceremonial is connected with the tatu of the women, an account of which we give below", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nGenerally speaking, the true Klemantan designs are quite simple, and it is noteworthy that although the Kenyah tribes most nearly akin to Kayans have borrowed the Kayan tatu patterns, the majority of Kenyah and Klemantan tribes employ quite simple designs, whilst the primitive Kenyahs of the Batang Kayan river hardly tatu at all", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA remarkable exception to the general simplicity of the Klemantan patterns is furnished by the Ukits, Bakatan, and Biadjau, who tatu very extensively in the most complex designs; the Long Utan, an extinct tribe, probably of Klemantan stock, also used highly decorative and complex designs. Since so many tribes owe much of their knowledge of tatu and the majority of their designs to the Kayans, it will be well to commence with an account of the art of tatu as practised by these people.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nDr. Nieuwenhuis [9, p. 450] agrees with us in stating that amongst these people the men tatu chiefly for ornament, and that no special significance is attached to the majority of designs employed; nor is there any particular ceremonial or tabu connected with the process of tatuing the male sex. There is no fixed time of life at which a man can be tatued, but in most cases the practice is begun early in boyhood. Nieuwenhuis [9, p. 456] remarks that the chiefs of the Mendalam Kayans scarcely tatu at all.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAmongst the Sarawak Kayans, if a man has taken the head of an enemy he can have the backs of his hands and fingers covered with tatu (Pl. 141, Fig. 1), but, if he has only had a share in the slaughter, one finger only, and that generally the thumb, can be tatued. On the Mendalam river, the Kayan braves are tatued on the left thumb only, not on the carpals and backs of the fingers, and the thigh pattern is also reserved for head-taking heroes [9, p. 456]", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOf the origin of tatu the Kayans relate the following story: \u2014 Long ago when the plumage of birds was dull and sober, the coucal (CENTROPUS SINENSIS) and the argus pheasant (ARGUSIANUS GRAYI) agreed to tatu each other; the coucal began on the pheasant first, and succeeded admirably, as the plumage of the pheasant bears witness at the present day; the pheasant then tried his hand on the coucal, but being a stupid bird he was soon in difficulties; fearing that he would fail miserably to complete the task, he told the coucal to sit in a bowl of SAMAK tan, and then poured the black dye over him, and flew off, remarking that the country was full of enemies and he could not stop; that is why the coucal to this day has a black head and neck with a tan-coloured body", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nNieuwenhuis [9, p. 456] relates substantially the same story, the crow (CORONE MACRORHYNDYUS), however, being substituted for the coucal and the incident of the bowl of SAMAK tan omitted.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAmong Kayans isolated designs are found on the following parts of the bodies of the men: \u2014 The outside of the wrist, the flexor surface of the forearm, high up on the outside of the thigh, on the breasts and on the points of the shoulders, and, as already stated, in the case of warriors on the backs of the hands and fingers. But not all the men are tatued on all these parts of the body. The design tatued on the wrist (Pl. 139, Figs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n8 \u2014 10) is termed LUKUT, the name of an antique bead much valued by Kayans; the significance of this design is of some interest. When a man is ill, it is supposed that his soul has escaped from his body; and when he recovers it is supposed that his soul has returned to him; to prevent its departure on some future occasion the man will \"tie it in\" by fastening round his wrist a piece of string on which is threaded a LUKUT[72] or antique bead, some magic apparently being considered to reside in the bead", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nHowever, the string can get broken and the bead lost, wherefore it seems safer to tatu a representation of the bead on the part of the wrist which it would cover if actually worn. It is of interest also to note that the LUKUT, from having been a charm to prevent the second escape of the soul, has come to be regarded as a charm to ward off all disease; and the same applies to its tatued representation.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA design just below the biceps of a Punan tatued in the Kayan manner is shown on Pl. 142, Fig. 10, and we were informed by the Punan that this also was a LUKUT, an excellent example of the indifference paid to the significance of design by people with whom such design is not indigenous.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOn the forearm and thigh the UDOH ASU or dog pattern is tatued, and four typical examples are shown on Pl. 136, Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6. Nieuwenhuis has figured a series of these designs [9, Pl. 82][73] showing a transition from a very elongate animal form to a rosette form; we have occasionally met with the former amongst Sarawak Kayans, but it is a common thigh design amongst the Mendalam Kayans; the forms numbered B and C are unusual in Sarawak. Of the four examples given in Pl", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n136 \u2014 and it may be noted that these met with the high approval of expert tatu artists \u2014 Figs. 1, 2, and 5 may be considered as intermediate between Nieuwenhuis' very elongate example F and the truncated form E which is supposed to represent the head only of a dog. Fig. 2 is characteristic of the Uma Balubo Kayans, and is remarkable in that teeth are shown in both jaws; whilst, both in this example and in Fig. 5, the eye is represented as a disc, in Figs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n1 and 6 the eye is assuming a rosette-like appearance, which rosette, as Nieuwenhuis' series shows, is destined in some cases to increase in size until it swallows up the rest of the design. Fig. 6 may be compared with Nieuwenhuis, Fig. E, as it evidently represents little more than the head of a dog. Although a single figure of the dog is the most usual form of tatu, we have met with an example of a double figure; it is shown in Fig", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n7; it will be observed that one of the dogs is reversed and the tails of the two figures interlock. Fig. 8 represents a dog with pups, TUANG NGANAK; A is supposed to be the young one.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe dog design figures very prominently in Kayan art, and the fact that the dog is regarded by these people and also by the Kenyahs with a certain degree of veneration may account for its general representation. The design has been copied by a whole host of tribes, with degradation and change of name (Fig. 62).", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOn the deltoid region of the shoulders and on the breast, a rosette or a star design is found (text, Figs. 63 and 64). As already stated, it seems in the highest degree probable that the rosette is derived from the eye in the dog pattern, and it is consequently of some interest to find that the name now given to the rosette pattern is that of the fruit of a plant which was introduced into Borneo certainly within the last fifty or sixty years", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe plant is PLUKENETIA CORNICULATA, one of the Euphorbiaceae, and it is cultivated as a vegetable; its Kayan name is JALAUT. We have here a good example of the gradual degradation of a design leading to a loss of its original significance and even of its name, another name, which originated probably from some fancied resemblance between pattern and object, being applied at a subsequent date", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIPA OLIM, I.E., open fruit of a species of MANGIFERA, is another name occasionally applied to the rosette pattern, but JALAUT is in more general use (cf. Pl. 140, Fig. 4, Pl. 141, Fig. 7, and Pl. 142, Fig. 9).", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOn Pl. 141, Fig. 1, is shown a hand tatued in the Kayan manner; the figures on the phalanges are known as TEGULUN,[74] representations of human figures or as SILONG, faces, and they are evidently anthropomorphic derivatives. The triangles on the carpal knuckles are termed SONG IRANG, shoots of bamboo, and the zigzag lines are IKOR, lines.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nKayan women are tatued in complicated serial[75] designs over the whole forearm, the backs of the hands, over the whole of the thighs and to below the knees, and on the metatarsal surfaces of the feet. The tatuing of a Kayan girl is a serious operation, not only because of the considerable amount of pain caused, but also on account of the elaborate ceremonial attached to this form of body ornamentation", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe process is a long one, lasting sometimes as much as four years, since only a small piece can be done at a sitting, and several long intervals elapse between the various stages of the work. A girl when about ten years old will probably have had her fingers and the upper part of her feet tatued, and about a year later her forearms should have been completed; the thighs are partially tatued during the next year, and in the third or fourth year from the commencement, I.E", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA woman endeavours to have her tatu finished before she becomes pregnant, as it is considered immodest to be tatued after she has become a mother. If a woman has a severe illness after any portion of her body has been tatued, the work is not continued for some little time; moreover, according to Nieuwenhuis (9, p", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n453), a woman cannot be tatued during seed time nor if a dead person is lying unburied in the house, since it is LALI to let blood at such times; bad dreams, such as a dream of floods, foretelling much blood-letting, will also interrupt the work. A tatued woman may not eat the flesh of the monitor lizard (VARANUS) or of the scaly manis (MANIS JAVANICA), and her husband also is included in the tabu until the pair have a male and a female child", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIf they have a daughter only they may not eat the flesh of the monitor until their child has been tatued; if they have a son only they cannot eat the monitor until they become grandparents. Should a girl have brothers, but no sisters, some of her tatu lines must not be joined together, but if she has brothers and sisters, or sisters only, all the lines can be joined.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nTatu amongst Kayan women is universal; they believe that the designs act as torches in the next world, and that without these to light them they would remain for ever in total darkness; one woman told Dr. Nieuwenhuis that after death she would be recognised by the impregnation of her bones with the tatu pigment", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe operation of tatuing amongst Kayans is performed by women, never by men, and it is always the women who are the experts on the significance and quality of tatu designs, though the men actually carve the designs on the tatu blocks. Nieuwenhuis states (9, p. 452) that the office of tatuer is to a certain extent hereditary, and that the artists, like smiths and carvers, are under the protection of a tutelary spirit, who must be propitiated with sacrifices before each operation", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAs long as the children of the artist are of tender age she is debarred from the practice of her profession. The greater the number of sacrifices offered, or in other words, the greater the experience of the artist, the higher is the fee demanded. She is also debarred from eating certain food. It is supposed that if an artist disregards the prohibitions imposed upon her profession, the designs that she tatus will not appear clearly, and she herself may sicken and die.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe tools used by a tatu artist are simple,[76] consisting of two or three prickers, ULANG or ULANG BRANG, and an iron striker, TUKUN or PEPAK, which are kept in a wooden case, BUNGAN. The pricker is a wooden rod with a short pointed head projecting at right angles at one end; to the point of the head is attached a lump of resin in which are embedded three or four short steel needles, their points alone projecting from the resinous mass (Fig. 68)", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe striker is merely a short iron rod, half of which is covered with a string lashing. The pigment is a mixture of soot, water, and sugar-cane juice, and it is kept in a double shallow cup of wood, UIT ULANG; it is supposed that the best soot is obtained from the bottom of a metal cooking-pot, but that derived from burning resin or dammar is also used. The tatu designs are carved in high relief on blocks of wood, KELINGE[77] (Fig", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n62), which are smeared with the ink and then pressed on the part to be tatued, leaving an impression of the designs. As will be seen later, the designs tatued on women are in longitudinal rows or transverse bands, and the divisions between the rows or bands are marked by one or more zigzag lines termed IKOR.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe subject who is to be tatued lies on the floor, the artist and an assistant squatting on either side of her; the artist first dips a piece of fibre from the sugar-palm (ARENGA SACCHARIFERA) into the pigment and, pressing this on to the limb to be tatued, plots out the arrangement of the rows or bands of the design; along these straight lines the artist tatus the IKOR, then taking a tatu block carved with the required design, she smears it with pigment and presses it on to the limb between two lines", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe tatuer or her assistant stretches with her feet the skin of the part to be tatued, and, dipping a pricker into the pigment, taps its handle with the striker, driving the needle points into the skin at each tap. The operation is painful, and the subject can rarely restrain her cries of anguish; but the artist is quite unmoved by such demonstrations of woe, and proceeds methodically with her task", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAs no antiseptic precautions are taken, a newly tatued part often ulcerates, much to the detriment of the tatu; but taking all things into consideration, it is wonderful how seldom one meets with a tatu pattern spoilt by scar tissues.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIt is against custom to draw the blood of a friend (PESU DAHA), and therefore, when first blood is drawn in tatuing, it is customary to give a small present to the artist. The present takes the form of four antique beads, or of some other object worth about one dollar; it is termed LASAT MATA, for it is supposed that if it were omitted the artist would go blind, and some misfortune would happen to the parents and relations of the girl undergoing the operation of tatu.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWhen the half of one IKOR has been completed the tattier stops and asks for SELIVIT; this is a present of a few beads, well-to-do people paying eight yellow beads of the variety known as LAVANG, valued at one dollar apiece, whilst poor people give two beads", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIt is supposed that if SELIVIT was not paid the artist would be worried by the dogs and fowls that always roam about a Kayan house, so that the work would not be satisfactorily done; however, to make assurance doubly sure, a curtain is hung round the operator and her subject to keep off unwelcome intruders. After SELIVIT has been paid a cigarette is smoked, and then work recommences in earnest, there being no further interruptions for the rest of the day except for the purpose of taking food", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe food of the artist must be cooked and brought to her, as she must not stop to do other work than tatuing, and her tools are only laid aside for a few minutes while she consumes a hurried meal. Fowls or a pig are killed for the artist by the parents of the girl who is being tatued", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe fees paid to the artist are more or less fixed; for the forearms a gong, worth from eight to twenty dollars, according to the workmanship required; for the thighs a large TAWAK, worth as much as sixty dollars if the very best workmanship is demanded, from six to twenty dollars if only inferior workmanship is required.[78] For tatuing the fingers the operator receives a MALAT or short sword. Nieuwenhuis (8, p", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n236) states that it is supposed that the artist will die within a year if her charges are excessive; but we have not met with this belief amongst the Kayans of the Rejang and Baram rivers.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe knee-cap is the last part to be tatued, and before this is touched the artist must be paid; as this part of the design is the keystone, as it were, of the whole, the required fee is always forthcoming. A narrow strip down the back of the thigh is always left untatued; it is supposed that mortification of the legs would ensue if this strip was not left open.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe time at which to begin tatuing a girl is about the ninth day after new moon, this lunar phase being known as BUTIT HALAP, the belly of the HALAP fish (BARBUS BRAMOIDES); as the skin of the girl being tatued quickly becomes very tender, it is often necessary to stop work for a few days, but it is a matter of indifference at what lunar phase work recommences, so long as it was originally begun at BUTIT HALAP.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA Kayan chief of the Mendalam river informed Dr. Nieuwenhuis [9, p. 4551 that in his youth only the wives and daughters of chiefs were permitted the thigh tatu, women of lower rank had to be content with tatu of the lower part of the shin and of the ankles and feet. The designs were in the form of quadrangular blotches divided by narrow untatued lines, and were known as TEDAK DANAU, lake tatu", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe quadrangles were twelve in number, divided from each other by four longitudinal and two transverse untatued lines, 6 millimetres broad, two of the longitudinal lines running down each side of the front of the leg, and two down each side of the calf, approximately equidistant; the forearm was tatued in the same style. This manner of tatu is obsolete now, but Dr. Nieuwenhuis was fortunate in finding one very old woman so tatued.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nNowadays the class restrictions as regards tatu are not so closely observed, but it is always possible to distinguish between the designs of a chiefs daughter, an ordinary free-woman, and a slave, by the number of lines composing the figures of the designs, \u2014 the fewer these lines, the lower being the rank of the woman. Moreover, the designs of the lower-class women are not nearly so complex as those of the higher class, and they are generally tatued free-hand.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA very typical design for the forearm of a woman of high rank is shown on Pl. 140, Fig. 3; it is taken from a Kayan of the Uma Pliau sub-tribe dwelling on the Baram river, and may be compared with the somewhat similar designs of the Mendalam river Kayans figured by Nieuwenhuis [9, Pl. 85], one of which is a design for a chiefs daughter, the other for a slave", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe zigzag lines bounding the pattern on both surfaces of the forearm are the IKOR, and these, as already stated, are marked out with a piece of fibre dipped in the tatu ink before the rest of the pattern is impressed by a wood-block or KLINGE", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nTaking the flexor surface of the forearm first, the units of the designs are: three bands of concentric circles (AAA) termed BELILING BULAN or full moons; a triangle (B) each, limb formed by several parallel lines, DULANG HAROK, the bows of a boat; spirals (CC) ULU TINGGANG, the head of the hornbill", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOn the supinator surface BELILING BULAN and ULU TINGGANG occur again, but instead of DULANG HAROK, there are two other elements, a bold transverse zigzag known as DAUN WI (D), rattan leaves, and at the proximal end of the pattern an interlacing design, TUSHUN TUVA (E), bundles of tuba root (DERRIS ELLIPTICA). The fingers are very simply tatued with a zigzag on the carpal knuckles and transverse lines across the joints; the thumb is decorated in a slightly different way. In Dr", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nNieuwenhuis' designs cited above, we find much the same elements; in one of them the BELILING BULAN are more numerous and more closely set together, so that the concentric circles of one set have run into those of the next adjoining; the TUSHUN TUVA pattern is termed POESOENG, evidently the same as TUSHUN; the spirals are much degraded in one example and are called KROWIT, or hooks, whilst in the more elaborate example they are known as MANOK WAK, or eyes of the SCOPS owl; the PEDJAKO PATTERN is an addition, but the meaning of the word is not known; the pattern on the fingers is much more complex than in the Uma Pliau example, and is perhaps a degraded hornbill design.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nNieuwenhuis [8, Pl. XXIV.] figures the hand of a low-class woman tatued with triangular and quadrangular blotches, and with some rude designs that appear to have been worked in free-hand.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOn Pl. 140, Fig. 1, is shown the design on the forearm of a high-class woman of the Uma Lekan Kayans of the Batang Kayan river, Dutch Borneo; in our opinion these elegant designs are quite in the front rank of the tatu designs of the world. In spite of the elaboration, it is quite possible to distinguish in these the same elements as in the Uma Pliau specimen, viz.: BELILING BULAN ULU TINGGANG DAUN WI and TUSHUN TUVA; but the DULANG HAROK is absent, and the SILONG or face pattern appears.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nNieuwenhuis [9, Pl. 93, b] figures the arm-tatu (supinator surface only) of a Kayan woman of the Blu-u river, a tributary of the Upper Mahakkam; the main design is evidently a hornbill derivative, the knuckles are tatued with quadrangular and rectangular blotches", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe hornbill plays an important part in the decorative art of the Long Glat, a Klemantan tribe of the Mahakkam river, and we suspect that, if these Blu-u Kayans are of true Kayan stock, they have borrowed the hornbill design from their neighbours.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWith regard to the thigh patterns, it is usual to find the back of the thigh occupied with two strips of an intersecting line design, or some modification thereof; the simplest form is shown on Pl. 138, Fig. 1; it is known as IDA TELO, the three-line pattern, and is used by slaves; a more elaborate example from the Rejang river is shown in Fig. 3, and is used both by slaves and free-women. Pl. 138, Fig. 2, and Pl. 139, Fig", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n6, are termed IDA PAT, the four-line pattern, and are for free-women, not for slaves. The latter figure is a combination of IDA PAT and IDA TELO. The wives and daughters of chiefs would employ similar designs with the addition of another line, when they are termed IDA LIMA, the five-line pattern, or else a design, known as IDA TUANG, the underside pattern, two examples of which are given on Pl. 139, Figs. 1 and 2", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIf these two latter designs are compared with the hornbill design of the Long Glat, a figure of which, taken from Nieuwenhuis [9, Pl. 86] is given (Pl. 139, Fig. 3) a certain similarity in the MOTIF of the designs can be recognised", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIt must be remembered that the Long Glat design is tatued in rows down the front and sides of the thigh, whilst these Kayan designs have been modified to form more or less of a sinuous line design for the back of the thigh; or, in other words, the hornbill elements in the Long Glat design, though they are serially repeated, are quite separate and distinct one from the other, whilst in the Kayan designs the hornbill elements are fused and modified to produce the sinuous line pattern that in one form or another is generally employed for the decoration of the back of the thigh", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIn this connection Pl. 139, Fig. 5, is instructive; it is taken from a tatu block which, together with those from which Figs. 1 and 2 are taken, was collected many years ago by Mr. Brooke Low, amongst the Kayans of the Upper Rejang; it also appears to be a doc, derivative, and no doubt was used for the tatu of the front of a woman's thigh,[79] being serially repeated in three or four rows as with the Long Glat", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nYet it was unknown as a tatu design to some Kayans of the Baram river to whom it was shown recently; they informed us that the name of the design was TUANG BUVONG ASU, pattern of dog without tail, and they stated that a somewhat similar design was engraved by them on sword blades. Pl. 139, Fig. 4, is taken from a tatu-block of uncertain origin, and the same name was also applied to this by the Baram Kayans, though with some hesitation and uncertainty; the hornbill MOTIF is here quite obvious.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWe have stated that an interlacing line design is generally employed for the back of the thigh; we figure, however, a remarkable exception from the Baloi river (Pl. 140, Fig. 5); this is known as KALONG KOWIT, hook pattern; A is a representation of an antique bead, BALALAT LUKUT, B is known as KOWIT, hooks. Between the two strips of line design at the back of the thigh runs a narrow line of untatued skin, the supposed object of which has been described above", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe front and sides of the thigh in highclass women will be covered with three or more strips of pattern such as are shown on Pl. 138, Figs. 4 and 5; in the latter TUSHUN TUVA, DULANG HAROK, ULU TINGGANG and BELILING BULAN can again be recognised; the ULU TINGGANG in this example are less conventionalised than in the spirals of the forearm pattern, and a spiral form of TUSHUN TUVA IS shown in addition to the angular form", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe other example exhibits IDA LIMA, TUSHUN TUVA JALAUT, KOWIT (the interlocking spirals) and ULU TINGGANG. All these strips of pattern are separated by the IKOR. The knee-cap is the last part of the leg to be tatued, and the design covering it is called the KALONG NANG, the important pattern, good examples of which are shown in Figs. 70, 71; Fig. 72 represents the design on the front and sides of the thigh of an Uma Semuka Kayan of the slave class, which also is termed TUSHUN TUVA.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe admirable Uma Lekan patterns (Pl. 140, Fig. 2) represent on the back of the thigh (AA) BELILING BULAN, on the front and sides (BB) SILONG, faces or SILONG LEJAU, tigers' faces; the latter is evidently an anthropomorph; the knee-cap design is particularly worthy of notice.[80] Nieuwenhuis [9, Pl. 83, and 8, Pl", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nXXVII.] figures the thigh tatu of a Mendalam woman of the PANJIN or free-woman class; the back of the thigh is occupied by two strips of the four line pattern, here termed KETONG PAT, and a somewhat crude anthropomorphic design, known as KOHONG KELUNAN, human head, covers the front and sides of the thigh (text Fig", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n69); the centre of the knee-cap is occupied by a very similar anthropomorph, known however as NANG KLINGE, the important design, and extending in a semicircle round the upper part of it is a design made up of intersecting zigzags and known as KALANG NGIPA, the snake design; below the knee-cap is a transverse band of hour-glass shaped figures termed PEDJAKO. Nieuwenhuis also figures [9, Pl", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n841 the thigh pattern of a chiefs daughter from the same river; this only differs from the preceding example in the greater elaboration of the KOHONG KELUNAN; the back of the thigh is covered by a form of the IDA PAT pattern not by the IDA LIMA pattern. Some of the tatu-blocks employed by the Mendalam Kayan women are figured in the same works [9, Pl. 82, and 8, Pl. XXVIII.].", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA comparison of the figures here given lends strong support to the supposition that the tuba-root pattern is merely a degraded anthropomorph. Fig. 69 is a recognisable anthropomorph such as is tatued in rows on the thigh, and some such name as TEGULUN, SILONG, or KOHONG is applied to it. Fig. 70 is a knee-cap design, evidently anthropomorphic in nature, but termed NANG KLINGE, the important design, since it is the last part of all to be tatued", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nFig.71 is termed TUSHUN TUVA, but a distinct face is visible in the centre of the pattern; the general similarity between this last design and the examples of TUSHUN TUVA shown in the designs on Pl. 138, Figs. 4 and 5, is quite obvious; the lower of the two TUSHUN TUVA designs in Fig. 5, Pl. 138, is Cornposed of angular lines, thus reverting to the angularity of the lines in text, Fig. 69; at E, Fig. 3, Pl", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n140, the lines are partly angular, partly curved, and the bilateral symmetry is entirely lost; finally, in Fig. 72, the relationship of the TUSHUN TUVA design to an anthropomorph is entirely lost.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA typical form of tatu on the foot of a low-class woman is shown on Pl. 138, Fig. 6; a chiefs daughter would have some modification of the principal element of the thigh design tatued on this part.\nKenyah Tatu.\nThe culture of the Sarawak Kenyahs is closely allied to that of the Kayans, and their tatu may be considered separately from that of the Kenyah-Klemantan tribes whose tatu is much more original in design.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe men of such Kenyah tribes as the Lepu Jalan, Lepu Tau, Lepu Apong, etc., if tatued at all, are tatued in the Kayan manner, that is, with some form of dog design on the forearms and thighs, and with rosettes or stars on the shoulders and breasts", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe dog design is usually known as USANG ORANG, the prawn pattern; the teeth of the dog are held to represent the notched border of the prominent rostrum characteristic of the prawns of the genus PALAEMAN, that occur so plentifully in the fresh-water streams of Borneo. An extreme modification of the dog design to form a prawn is shown in Pl. 137, Fig. 9; Pl. 136, Fig. 4, is a dog design, and is so termed. Pl. 136, Fig", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n10, is known as TOYU, a crab; A is the mouth, BA; B the claw, KATIP; C the back, LIKUT; D the tail, IKONG. Pl. 136, Fig. 9, is termed LIPAN KATIP, jaws of the centipede. All these are tatued on the flexor surface of the forearm or on the outside of the thigh.[81] An example of a star design termed USONG DIAN, durian pattern, is shown in Pl. 141, Fig. 7. The women of these tribes tatu in the same way, and employ the same designs as the Kayans, except that they never tatu on the thighs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAmongst this rather heterogeneous assemblage of tribes considerable diversity of tatu design is found. The men are seldom tatued, but when they are it is in the Kayan manner. The Peng or Pnihing of the Koti basin have an elaborate system of male tatu, but it seems to be dying out; the only examples that we have met are shown on Pl. 141, Figs. 2 and 3. These represent the arms of Peng men; unfortunately we have no information as to the significance of the designs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe only other Peng design that we are acquainted with is a large disc tatued on the calf of the leg. Dr. Nieuwenhuis states that Peng women are tatued with isolated dog designs on the arms and legs like the men of Kayan tribes [9, p. 461].", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Kenyah women of the Baram district exhibit a very primitive style of tatu on the arms and hands (Pl. 141, Fig. 4); a broad band encircles the middle of the forearm, and a narrow band an inch or so distant of this also surrounds the arm; from this narrow band there run over the metacarpals to the base of the fingers eight narrow lines, the outermost on the radial side bifurcating; the design is known as BETIK ALLE or line tatu. No other part of the body is tatued.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nNieuwenhuis figures [9, Pl. 95] a somewhat similar design employed by the Lepu Tau women of the Batang Kayan; but in this case, instead of eight longitudinal lines stopping short at the knuckles, there are five broad bands running to the finger nails, interrupted at the knuckles by a 2 cm.-broad strip of untatued skin", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nMoreover, with these people the front and sides of the thigh and the shin are tatued with primitive-looking designs made up of series of short transverse lines, curved lines, and broad bands; the names of the designs are not given; these designs are said to be characteristic of the slave-class, the higher-class women copying the more elaborate designs of the Uma Lekan.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAmongst the Batang Kayan Kenyahs tatuing cannot be executed in the communal house, but only in a hut built for the purpose. The males of the family, to which the girl undergoing the operation belongs, must dress in bark-cloth, and are confined to the house until the tatu is completed; should any of the male members be travelling in other parts of the island tatu cannot be commenced until they return", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAmongst the Uma Tow (or Lepu Tau) the daughter of a chief must be tatued before any of the other females of the house; should the chiefs daughter (or daughters) die before she has been tatued, all the other women of the house are debarred from this embellishment (Nieuwenhuis [9, pp. 453, 454]).", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nNieuwenhuis, in his great work on Borneo, which we have cited so often, gives a good account of the tatu of the Long Glat. According to this authority, girls when only eight years old have the backs of the fingers tatued, at the commencement of menstruation the tatu of the fingers is completed, and in the course of the following year the tatu is carried over the backs of the hand to the wrist; the feet are tatued synchronously with the hands", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAt the age of eighteen to twenty the front of the thigh is tatued, and later on in life the back of the thigh; unlike the Kayans it is not necessary that the tatu of the thighs should be finished before child-bearing. A Long Glat woman on each day that she is tatued must kill a black fowl as food for the artist", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThey believe that after death the completely tatued women will be allowed to bathe in the mythical river Telang Julan, and that consequently they will be able to pick up the pearls that are found in its bed; incompletely tatued women can only stand on the river bank, whilst the untatued will not be allowed to approach its shores at all. This belief appears to be universal amongst the Kenyah-Klemantan of the Upper Mahakam and Batang Kayan. On Pl", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n86 of Nieuwenhuis' book [9] is figured the thigh tatu of a Long Glat woman; the front of the thigh is occupied with two rows of the hornbill MOTIF to which reference has already been made. The sides of the thigh are tatued with a beautiful design of circles and scrolls termed KERIP KWE, flight feathers of the Argus pheasant, and on the back of the thigh is a scroll design borrowed from the decoration of a grave and known as KALANG SONG SEPIT.[83] The knee is left untatued", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nSome other examples of the KERIP KWE design are given on Pl. 90, and of the SONG SEPIT on Pl. 91; some of the SONG SEPIT designs recall the KALANG KOWIT designs of the Baloi Kayans. Instead of a hornbill MOTIF, a dog's head MOTIF is sometimes tatued on the thigh, an example of which is figured on Pl. 87, Fig. A; it appears to be a composition of four heads, and in appearance is not unlike SILONG LEJAU of the Uma Lekan, figured by us", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIn the Long Glat thigh-tatu the bands of pattern are not separated by lines of IKOR, as with the Kayans. Round the ankles the Long Glat tatu sixteen lines, 3 mm. broad, known as TEDAK AKING; the foot is tatued much after the manner shown in our Fig. 6, Pl. 143. The supinator surface of the forearm and the backs of the hands are also tatued, but the design does not extend so far up the arm as with the Kayans [9, Pl. 92]; the forearm design is made up of a hornbill MOTIF, but that shown in Fig", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA of the plate is termed BETIK KULE, leopard pattern, and is supposed to be a representation of the spots on the leopard's skin; it is stated to be taken from a Long Tepai tatu-block; the knuckles are tatued with a double row of wedges, the finger joints with quadrangles.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Uma Luhat seem to have borrowed their tatu and designs very largely if not entirely from the Long Glat; with them the back of the thigh is tatued before the front, which is exceptional. Half of the knee is tatued. Their designs are modifications of the hornbill and dog's head designs of the Long Glat. Nieuwenhuis figures several examples [9, Pl. 87, Fig. B, Plate 88, Pl. 89, Pl. 93, Fig. A, Pl. 94], which should be consulted, as they are of the greatest interest.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA number of tribes have adopted more or less the tatu of the Kayans. Thus the men of the following Sarawak tribes, Sibops, Lirongs, Tanjongs, Long Kiputs, Barawans, and Kanowits, are often, though not universally, tatued like Kayans. The shoulder pattern of the Barawans is distinctive, in that the rosette nearly always bears a scroll attached to it, a relic of the dog MOTIF, from which the design is derived (Pl. 138, Fig. 6). E. B. Haddon [4, Fig", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n17] figures another form of the dog MOTIF, which is tatued on the thigh or forearm, and Ling Roth [7, p. 86] figures three rosette designs for the breast; we figure two modifications of the dog design on Pl. 137, Figs. 7 and 8. The women of these tribes very rarely tatu; we have seen a Tanjong woman with a circle of star-shaped figures round her wrist and one on the thumb. The Tring women of Dutch Borneo are tatued on the hands and thighs like Kayans; Carl Bock [2, Pl., p. 187] gives some figures of them", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIn our opinion all of these tribes owe their tatu entirely to foreign influences; for we have failed to find a single example of an original design; the practice is by no means universal, and great catholicity of taste is shown by those who do tatu. The men, moreover, do not tatu as a sign of bravery in battle or adventure, but merely from a desire to copy the more warlike Kayan.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWe shall now treat of those tribes that have a distinctive and original tatu, but it is well to bear in mind, that amongst many of these people also the Kayan designs are coming into vogue more and more, ousting the old designs. No tatu-blocks are employed for the indigenous patterns, all the work being done free-hand.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(A) UMA LONG. \u2014 The Uma Long women of the Batang Kayan exhibit the most primitive form of tatu known in Borneo. It differs from every other form in that the tatued surface of the skin is not covered uniformly with the ink, but the design, such as it is, is merely stippled into the skin, producing an appearance of close-set irregular dots. Two aspects of the forearm of an Uma Long woman are shown on Pl. 142, Fig. 5. No other part of the body is tatued, and the practice is confined to the female sex.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(B) DUSUN. \u2014 The men only tatu. The design is simple, consisting of a band, two inches broad, curving from each shoulder and meeting its fellow on the abdomen, thence each band diverges to the hip and there ends; from the shoulder each band runs down the upper arm on its exterior aspect; the flexor surface of the forearm is decorated with short transverse stripes, and, according to one authority, each stripe marks an enemy slain [7, p. 90]", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThis form of tatu is found chiefly amongst the Idaan group of Dusuns; according to Whitehead [11, p. 106] the Dusuns living on the slopes of Mount Kina Balu tatu no more than the parallel transverse stripes on the forearm, but in this case no reference is made to the significance of the stripes as a head-tally. The Dusun women apparently do not tatu.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(C) MURUT. \u2014 The Muruts of the Trusan river, North Sarawak, tatu very little; the men occasionally have a small scroll design just above the knee-cap and a simple circle on the breast; the women have fine lines tatued from the knuckles to the elbows [7, p. 93]", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Muruts of British North Borneo appear to be more generally tatued; the men are tatued like Dusuns, though, according to Hatton, they have three parallel stripes running from the shoulders to the wrists and no transverse lines on the forearm.[84] Whitehead [11, p. 76] figures a Murut woman of the Lawas river tatued on the arms from the biceps to the knuckles with numerous fine longitudinal lines; a band of zigzag design encircles the arm just above the commencement of the longitudinal lines", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe design on a man of the same tribe is given on page 73 [11], it resembles \"a three-legged dog with a crocodile's head, one leg being turned over the back as if the animal was going to scratch its ear.\" The part of the body on which the design was tatued, is not specified and the sketch is rather inadequate, so that it is impossible to tell for certain whether the design was tatued in outline only or whether the outline was filled in uniformly; our impression is that the outline only was tatued on this individual, and that it was employed either as an experiment or from idle amusement", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nZoomorphs are conspicuous by their absence from all forms of decorative art amongst the Lawas Muruts, and the particular zoomorph noted here gives every evidence of an unpractised hand.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nSt. John states [7, p. 92] that the Muruts of the Adang river, a tributary of the Limbang, are tatued about the arms and legs, but he gives no details.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(D) KALABIT. \u2014 This tribe, dwelling in the watershed of the Limbang and Baram rivers, is closely akin to Muruts, but its tatu is very different. The men tatu but rarely, and then with stripes down the arms. The women, however, are decorated with most striking geometrical designs, shown on Pl. 142, Figs. 1 \u2014 4", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOn the forearm are tatued eight bold zigzag bands, one-eighth of an inch broad, which do not completely encircle the arm, but stop short of joining at points on the ulnar side of the middle line on the flexor surface. The series of lines is known as BETIK TISU, the hand pattern", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIn some cases two short transverse lines, called TIPALANG, cross-lines, spring from the most distal zigzag at the point where it touches the back of the wrist on the radial side; in other cases these lines are tatued across the middle of the back of the wrist and two lozenges are tatued on the metacarpals; these are known as TEPARAT (Pl. 142, Fig. 1). The legs are tatued on the back of the thigh, on the shin, and sometimes on the knee-cap. The designs can best be explained by a reference to Pl. 142, Figs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n2 \u2014 4; the part of the design marked A is termed BETIK BUAH, fruit pattern; B, betik lawa, trunk pattern; and C, BETIK LULUD, shin pattern. In Fig. 4, A and C are as before; D is BETIK KARAWIN; E, UJAT BATU, hill-tops; F, BETIK KALANG (Fig. 3).", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nKalabit women are tatued when they are sixteen years old, whether they are married or unmarried, and the operation does not extend over a number of years as with the Long Glat and Kayans, nor is any elaborate ceremonial connected with the process.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(E) LONG UTAN. \u2014 An extinct Klemantan tribe, once dwelling on the Tinjar river, an affluent of the Baram. We owe our knowledge of their tatu to an aged Klemantan, who was well acquainted with the tribe before their disappearance; at our behest he carved on some wooden models of arms and legs the tatu designs of these people, but he was unable to supply any information of the names or significance of the designs. The men of the tribe apparently were not tatued, and the designs reproduced on Pl. 141, Figs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n5, 6, are those of the women. The essential features of the designs are spirals and portions of intersecting circles; the intersecting circles are frequently to be met with in the decorative art of Kenyahs, E.G. on the back of sword-handles, round the top of posts, on carved bamboos, etc., and in these cases the design is supposed to be a representation of the open fruit of a species of mango, MANGIFERA SP", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIt is not improbable that the design had the same significance amongst the Long Utan, for we have met with one or two representations of the same fruit amongst other Klemantan tribes.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(F) BIAJAU. \u2014 The Dutch author C. den Hamer [5, p. 451] includes under this heading the tribes living in the districts watered by the rivers Murung, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaja of South-west Borneo. Under this very elastic heading he would include the Ot-Danum, Siang, and Ulu Ajar of Nieuwenhuis, but we treat of these in the next section", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe ethnology of the Barito, Kahayan, and Katingan river-basins sadly needs further investigation; nothing of importance has been published on this region since the appearance of Schwaner's book on Borneo more than fifty years ago. We know really very little of the distribution or constitution of the tribes dwelling in these districts, and Schwaner's account of their tatu is very meagre. Such as it is, it is given here, extracted from Ling Roth's TRANSLATION OF SCHWANER'S ETHNOGRAPHICAL NOTES [7, pp. cxci", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\ncxciv.]: The men of Pulu Petak, the right-hand lower branch of the Barito or Banjermasin river, tatu the upper part of the body, the arms and calves of legs, with elegant interlacing designs and scrolls", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe people of the Murung river are said to be most beautifully tatued, both men and women; this river is really the upper part of the Barito, and according to Hamer is inhabited by the Biajau (VIDE POSTEA), who appear to be distinct from the Ngaju of Schwaner, inhabiting the lower courses of the Barito and Kapuas rivers", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe men of the lower left-hand branch of the Barito and of the midcourse of that river are often not tatued at all, but such tatu as was extant in 1850 was highly significant according to Schwaner's account; thus, a figure composed of two spiral lines interlacing each other and with stars at the extremities tatued on the shoulder signified that the man had taken several heads; two lines meeting each other at an acute angle behind the finger nails signified dexterity in wood-carving; a star on the temple was a sign of happiness in love", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWe have no reason to consider this information inaccurate, but we do consider it lamentable that more details concerning the most interesting forms of tatu in Borneo were not obtained, for it is only too probable that such information cannot be acquired now. The women of this tribe do not tatu. In the upper Teweh river, an upper tributary of the Barito the men are tatued a good deal, especially on parts of the face, such as the forehead, the cheeks, the upper lip", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe only figures that Schwaner gives are reproduced by Ling Roth [7, p. 931, they represent two Ngajus; the tatu designs are drawn on too small a scale to be of much interest, and in any case we have no information concerning them. The two figures of 'Tatued Dyaks' (", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nHamer in his paper [5] gives a detailed account of Biajau tatu, but, unfortunately, without any illustrations; as abstracts of the paper have already been given by Ling Roth [7, pp. 93, 94] and by Hein [6, pp. 143 \u2014 147], we will pass on to the next section.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(G) OT-DANUM, ULU AJAR, AND SIANG (Kapuas river, tributaries). \u2014 Concerning these tribes Nieuwenhuis says but little [9, p. 452], merely noting that the men are first tatued with discs on the calf and in the hollow of the knee and later over the arms, torso, and throat, whilst the women tatu the hands, knees, and shins", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nTwo colours, red and blue, are used, and the designs are tatued free-hand, the instrument employed being a piece of copper or brass about four inches long and half an inch broad, with one end bent down at a right angle and sharpened to a point. Sometimes thread is wound round the end of the instrument just above the point, to regulate the depth of its penetration. Two specimens in the Leyden Museum are figured by Ling Roth [7, p. 85]", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nHamer [5] says that the Ot-Danum women are tatued down the shin to the tarsus with two parallel lines, joined by numerous cross-lines, a modification of the Uma Tow design for the same part of the limb. On the thigh is tatued a design termed SOEWROE, said to resemble a neck ornament", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA disc tatued on the calf of the leg is termed BOENTOER, and from it to the heel runs a barbed line called IKOEH BAJAN, tail of the monitor lizard; curiously enough, though this is the general name of the design, it is on the right leg also termed BARAREK, on the left DANDOE TJATJAH. Warriors are tatued on the elbowjoint with a DANDOE TJATJAH and a cross called SARAPANG MATA ANDAU.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA Maloh who had lived for many years amongst these people gave us the following information about their tatu: \u2014 There is with these people a great difference between the tatu of the high-class and that of the low-class individuals: amongst the former the designs are both extensive and complicated, too complicated for our informant to describe with any degree of accuracy, but they seem to be much the same as those described by Hamer", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe low-class people have to be content with simpler designs; the men are tatued on the breast and stomach with two curved lines ending in curls, and on the outside of each arm with two lines also ending in curls (Pl. 142, Fig. 6); on the outside of the thigh a rather remarkable design, shown on Pl. 142, Fig. 7, is tatued; it is termed LINSAT, the flying squirrel, PTEROMYS NITIDUS, and on the back of the calf is tatued a disc termed KALANG BABOI, the wild pig pattern", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe women are tatued as described by Hamer down the front of the shin with two parallel lines connected by transverse cross-bars; according to our informant the design was supposed to represent a flat fish, such as a sole. (Pl. 142, Fig. 8.)", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOf these people, as of so many others, the melancholy tale of disappearance of tatu amongst the present generation and replacement of indigenous by Kayan designs was told, and it seems only too likely that within the next decade or two none will be left to illustrate a once flourishing and beautiful art.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nSchwaner can add nothing to the facts that we have collected, except the statement that \"the BILIANS (priestesses) have brought the art of tatuing to the present degree of perfection through learning the description of the pretty tatued bodies of the [mythical] Sangsangs.\"", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(H) KAHAYAN. \u2014 Our figure (Pl. 141, Fig. 3), and Pl. 81 of Dr. Nieuwenhuis' book [9], is the extent of our knowledge of the tatu of the inhabitants of the Kahayan river. The latter illustration shows a man tatued with a characteristic check pattern over the torso, stomach, and arms, but there is no reference to the plate in the text. Our figure is copied from a drawing by Dr. H. Hiller, of Philadelphia.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n(I) BAKATAN AND UKIT. \u2014 As Nieuwenhuis has pointed out [9, p. 451], the tatu of these tribes is distinctive, inasmuch as most of the designs are left in the natural colour of the skin against a background of tatu; that is to say in the phraseology of the photographer, whilst the tatu designs of Kayans, Kenyahs, etc., are POSITIVES, those of the Bakatans are NEGATIVES. The men were formerly most extensively tatued, and we figure the principal designs (Pl", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n143), most of which were drawn from a Bakatan of the Rejang river. The chest is covered with a bold scroll design known as GEROWIT, hooks (Kayan, KOWIT) (Figs. 1, 2); across the back and shoulder blades stretches a double row of circles, KANAK, with small hooks interposed (Fig. 9); on the side of the shoulder a pattern known as AKIH, the lizard, PLYCHOZOON HOMALOCEPHALUM (Fam. Geckonidae), is tatued (Figs. 3, 4); this lizard is used as a haruspex by the Bakatan", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nCircles are tatued on the biceps, on the back of the thigh, and on the calf of the leg; a modification of the scroll design of the chest occurs on the flexor surface of the forearm. Another form of pattern for the calf of the leg is shown in Fig. 73, it is termed SELONG BOWANG, the horse-mango, MANGIFERA SP., the same fruit as that termed by Kayans IPA OLIM, and of which a representation forms the chief element in the Long Utan tatu", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA series of short lines is tatued on the jaw, and is termed JA, lines, or KILANG, sword-pattern, and a GEROWIT design occurs under the jaw; the pattern on the throat is known also as GEROWIT (Fig. 10). On the forehead is sometimes tatued a star or rosette pattern called LUKUT, antique bead, and it appears that this is of the nature of a recognition mark", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nIn jungle warfare, where a stealthy descent on an unprepared enemy constitutes the main principle of tactics, it not unfrequently happens that one body of the attacking force unwittingly stalks another, and the results might be disastrous if there was not some means of distinguishing friend from foe when at close quarters.[85] Kenyahs when on the warpath frequently tie a band of plaited palm fibre round the wrist for the same object", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe tatu of the backs of the hands is avowedly copied from the Kayans, but has a different name applied to it \u2014 KUKUM. The metatarsus is tatued with broad bars, IWA, very like the foot tatu of Kayan women of the slave or of the middle class; lines known as JANGO encircle the ankle.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nTatuing is forbidden in the house; it can only be performed on the warpath, and consequently men only are the tatu artists. The covering of the body with designs is a gradual process, and it is only the most seasoned and experienced warriors who exhibit on their persons all the different designs that we have just detailed. The tatu of the legs and feet is the last to be completed, and the lines round the ankles are denied to all but the bravest veterans.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAll that has been written above applies equally well to the Ukits, or at least once did apply, for now the Ukits have to a great extent adopted the tatu of the Kayan, and it is only occasionally that an old man tatued in the original, Ukit manner is met. We give a figure of a design on the back of the thigh of such a relic of better days. (Pl. 143, Fig. 5).", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Bakatan and Ukit women tatu very little, only the forearm, on the metacarpals, and on the back of the wrist; characteristic designs for these parts are shown in Fig. 74, and Pl. 143, Figs. 7, 8", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe central part of the forearm design is an anthropomorphic derivative, judging by the name TEGULUN; the lines are termed KILANG, and KANAK and GEROWIT are also conspicuous; GEROWIT IS also the name of the design for the metacarpals; the two stars joined by a line on the wrist are termed LUKUT, and it is possible that their significance is the same as that of the Kayan LUKUT tatued in the same place by men, but we have no evidence that this is the case.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe only other designs, apparently of Kalamantan origin, are those figured by Ling Roth [7, p. 87]. Three of these are after drawings by Rev. W. Crossland, and are labelled \"tatu marks on arm of Kapuas Kayan captive woman.\" The designs are certainly not of Kayan origin; the woman had in all probability been brought captive to Sarawak, where Mr. Crossland saw her, and it is unfortunate that exact information concerning the tribe to which she belonged was not obtained", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe designs, if accurately copied, are so extremely unlike all that are known to us that we are not able to hazard even a guess at their provenance or meaning. The other design figured on the same page is copied from Carl Bock; it occurred on the shoulder of a Punan, and is said by Mr. Crossland to be commonly used by the Sea Dayaks of the Undup. We met with a similar example of it (Pl. 138, Fig", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n7) on an Ukit tatued in the Kayan manner, but could get no information concerning it, and suppose that it is not an Ukit design. Hein [6, Fig. 90] figures the same design, and Nieuwenhuis [8, p. 240] alludes to a similar. We may note here that the designs figured on page 89 of Ling Roth's book [7] as tatu designs are in our opinion very probably not tatu designs. They were collected by Dr", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWienecke in Dutch Borneo, and appear to be nothing but drawings by a native artist of such objects in daily use as hats, seat-mats, baby-slings, and so on. We communicated with Dr. J. D. E", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nSchmeltz of the Leyden Museum, where these \"tatu\" marks are deposited, and learnt from him that they are indeed actual drawings on paper; there are ninety-two of them, apparently all are different isolated designs, and they are evidently the work of one artist.[86] There is not a tribe in Borneo which can show such a variety of tatu design, and indeed we doubt if ninety-two distinct isolated tatu designs could be found throughout all the length and breadth of the island", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nMoreover, as can be seen by reference to the cited work, the designs are of a most complicated nature, not figures with the outlines merely filled in, as in all tatu designs known to us, but with the details drawn in fine lines and cross-hatching, which in tatu would be utterly lost unless executed on a very large scale.", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe Sea Dayaks at the present day are, as far as the men are concerned, the most extensively tatued tribe in Borneo, with the exception of the Bakatans, Ukits, Kahayans, and Biajau; nevertheless, from a long-continued and close study of their tatu, we are forced to the conclusion that the practice and the designs have been entirely borrowed from other tribes, but chiefly from the Kayans", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nFor some time we believed that there were two characteristically Sea Dayak designs, namely, that which is tatued on the throat (Figs. 75 and 76) and that on the wrist (Pl. 143, Fig. 7), but when later we studied Bakatan tatu we met with the former in the GEROWIT pattern on the throat of men, and the latter in the LUKUT design on the wrist of the women", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA Sea Dayak youth will simply plaster himself, so to speak, with numerous isolated designs; we have counted as many as five of the ASU design on one thigh alone. The same design appears two or three times on the arms, and even on the breast, though this part of the body as well as the shoulders is more usually decorated with several stars and rosettes", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThe backs of the hands are tatued, quite irrespective of bravery or experience in warfare; in fact we have frequently had occasion to note that a man with tatued hands is a wastrel or a conceited braggart, of no account with Europeans or with his own people. This wild and irresponsible system of tatu has been accompanied by an inevitable degradation of the designs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nThere is a considerable body of evidence to show that the Sea Dayaks have borrowed much in their arts and crafts from tribes who have been longer established in Borneo; but it must be confessed that in their decorative art they have often improved upon their models; their bamboo carvings and their woven cloth are indeed \"things of beauty.\" But their tatu involves, not an intelligent elaboration of the models, but a simplification and degradation, or at best an elaboration without significance. Figs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n1 \u2014 6, Pl. 137, are examples of the Sea Dayaks TUANG ASU or dog design. The figures show the dog design run mad, and it is idle to attempt to interpret them, since in every case the artists have given their individual fancies free play", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWhen the profession of the tatu-artist is hereditary, and when the practice has for its object the embellishment of definite parts of the body for definite reasons, we naturally find a constancy of design; or, if there are varieties, there is a purpose in them, in the sense that the variations can be traced to pre-existing forms, and do not depart from the original so widely that their significance is altogether lost", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nWith the borrowing of exogenous designs arises such an alteration in their forms that the original names and significance are lost. But when the very practice of tatu has no special meaning, when the tatu-artist may be any member of the tribe, and where no original tatu design is to be found in the tribe, then the borrowed practice and the borrowed designs, unbound by any sort of tradition, run complete riot, and any sort of fanciful name is applied to the degraded designs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nAmongst the Kenyah tribes the modification and degradation of the dog design has not proceeded so far as amongst the Sea Dayaks, and this may be explained by their more restrained practice of tatu and by the constant intercourse between them and the Kayans, for they always have good models before them. Pl. 137, Fig", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n3, illustrates the extreme limit of degradation of the dog design amongst Sea Dayaks; it is sometimes termed KALA, scorpion,[87] and it is noteworthy that the representation of the chelae and anterior end of the scorpion (A) was originally the posterior end of the dog, and the hooked ends of the posterior processes of this scorpion design (B), instead of facing one another as they did when they represented the open jaws of the dog, now look the same way; the rosette-like eye of the dog still persists, but of course it has no significance in the scorpion", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nA curious modification of this eye is seen in another Sea Dayak scorpion design figured by E. B. Haddon [4, Fig. 19]. Furness [3, p. 142] figures a couple of scorpion designs, but neither are quite as debased as that which we figure here. Furness also figures a scroll design, not unlike a Bakatan design, tatued on the forearm, and termed TAIA GASIENG, the thread of the spinning wheel; a similar one figured by Ling Roth [7, p. 88] is termed TRONG, the egg plant", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nOn the breast and shoulders some forms of rosette or star design are tatued in considerable profusion; they are known variously as BUNGA TRONG, the egg plant flower, TANDAN BUAH, bunches of fruit, LUKUT, an antique bead, and RINGGIT SALILANG. A four-pointed star, such as that shown in Fig. 64, is termed BUAH ANDU, fruit of PLUKENETIA CORNICULATA; since this fruit is quadrate in shape with pointed angles, it is evident that the name has been applied to the pattern because of its resemblance to the fruit", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nFurness figures examples of these designs and also Ling Roth [7, p. 88]. We figure (Figs. 75, 76, 77) three designs for the throat known sometimes as KATAK, frogs, sometimes as TALI GASIENG, thread of the spinning wheel, and no doubt other meaningless names are applied to them. Two of the figures (Figs", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\n75, 77) are evidently modifications of the Bakatan GEROWIT design, but here they are represented with the tatu pigment, whilst with the Bakatans the design is in the natural colour of the skin against a background of pigment, I.E. the Dayak design is the positive of the Bakatan negative", "The Pagan Tribes of Borneo\nFurness figures two examples of the throat design, one with a transverse row of stars cutting across it; the same authority also figures a design for the ribs known as TALI SABIT, waist chains, consisting of two stars joined by a double zigzag line. The same design is sometimes tatued on the wrist, when it is known as LUKUT, antique bead; it is also tatued on the throat [7, p. 88], and attention has already been drawn to the probable derivation of this design also from a Bakatan model."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://historyandthings.com/tag/nobility/

The Battle of Nibley Green – England’s Last Private Battle

["The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nTag: Nobility\nThe Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThe little known story of the two English nobles who fought the last ever private battle on English soil.\nThroughout the long, often tumultuous history of Great Britain much of it has passed the rural folk of one quiet corner of it.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nIn the year 1470, a traveller might have set out from London and headed west. Days of travel first by riverboat along the Thames, then on horseback along ancient forest byways would\u2019ve finally brought them to a halt at the banks of the River Severn Estuary, a mighty river miles wide at this point. On the far side lived the Welsh, of which the Severn had served as a bulwark against ages past. The Welsh had long been a warlike people until their kingdoms were subdued in the 13th Century.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nMoving up the Severn Vale the traveller would\u2019ve entered the ancient County of Gloucestershire, and along the riverbank they would\u2019ve seen to their right a rising escarpment, some seven miles distant, of the Cotswold Hills; a rolling hill range of limestone. At the foot of these hills, a dramatic episode of English history played out but passed into medieval lore largely unnoticed.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nIt was in the year 1470 that a feud between two noble families that had festered for generations climaxed into a short, bloody showdown one chilly spring morning.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nIn 1417 a powerful nobleman with the family name Berkeley, and who held a Barony of the same name, passed down his estates to a male heir, his nephew, instead of his daughter. That daughter, a ruthless lady named Elizabeth Berkeley, vigorously disputed the decision and her descendants would do everything they could to get the estates back, all the way down in 1470, to her great-grandson Thomas Talbot. That nephew was James Berkeley and in 1470 his son, named William Berkeley, held the Barony.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThe King\u2019s Loose Hold on the Reign\nThis little known violent episode of English history might not have happened had the English kingdom not been going through a bout of intense political upheaval.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nJust the year before, the War of the Roses had begun to warm up again after Edward IV vanquished the incumbent King Henry VI in the Battle of Towton 1461. By the end of 1470, the tables turned so much however that Edward was forced to flee the kingdom. This gives the reader an idea of how weak and distracted the government was. This allowed a noble feud to escalate to the extent two noblemen would stake everything they had; their lands, estates\u2026 and lives, in a clash of arms.\nThe Baron Berkeley", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThe Berkeley family coat of arms (en.wikipedia.org)\nThe New Year had just passed in a bustling settlement named Berkeley, a town later famous as the place Mr Edward Jenner would pioneer the Vaccination.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThis night, with the sun long since set, smoke rose from openings in the thatched roofs of hovels into the pristine blackness of a night, free of the orange tinge that permeates the night time today. Hulls of small river craft creaked against their moorings on the town\u2019s tidal river and everywhere was quiet and blanketed in crisp ice.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nOverlooking Berkeley stood its sturdy castle \u2014 Berkeley Castle. It had been built to hold the Welsh at bay, thus it was a stout fortification but elegant and angular also. It was already over 300 years old and the site King Edward II was murdered almost 150 years prior. At this late hour the lord of the manor, William Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley, sat, sated considerably after the feasting and celebrating during the winter festivities.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nHe was an able lord of the land at 43 years old, married for a second time (obtaining a divorce from his first wife after just a year), and had held his Barony for six years.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nEveryone else had retired to their bed chambers at this dark hour and the Baron sat alone with just the crackling of the fire to break the meditative silence. He drained his goblet of wine and his lips pursed as his thoughts turned to the object of his contempt; that was the Talbot family, currently embodied in an impudent young man named Thomas Talbot.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThe Talbots had been a thorn in his family\u2019s side all his life and William had come to despise them deeply. Berkeley thought of young Talbot, virtually squatting in his residence in Wotton and holding a Viscountcy fit for a man, not an impetuous whelp as he", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nOf course, it was right that the lands and castle of Thomas Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley, had passed to his nephew, William\u2019s father James Berkeley, instead of the man\u2019s only child, Elizabeth Berkeley, in the 4th year of King Henry V\u2019s reign, thought William. In taking up their inheritance however William\u2019s parents had endured as much trouble as Elizabeth, then her daughter, in turn, Margaret Beauchamp, could cause.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThey\u2019d treated his family absolutely disgracefully. Elizabeth had married the Earl of Warwick, and his family was powerful enough to bar his parents from possessing Berkeley castle for years until Elizabeth died in her 30s. It didn\u2019t end there either; Margaret married into a fire-eating family named the Talbots who were also formidable adversaries.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nWilliam\u2019s nostrils flared in remembrance. Margaret stooped to a deeper low when she had William\u2019s very own mother, Lady Isabel Mowbray, arrested and imprisoned at Gloucester where she would expire later that year, alone in a dingy cold cell, he imagined. That had been back when William was 25 years old", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nDespite the passing years and the fact the Talbots were fortunately not imbued with longevity, the boy Talbot was as hellbent on wrenching back Berkeley\u2019s fine castle as his great-grandmother Elizabeth had been. But as the Baron\u2019s midriff had expanded and hairline receded over the years, his attitude towards the Viscount had hardened in turn", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nTheir vendetta had been allowed to become so all-consuming their mutual hatred even extended to their respective tenants and servants, who frequently quarrelled and fought in the local taverns.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nFor three years now the hotheaded Talbot let it be known that he would gladly meet William on the field of battle to decide the issue. Yet Berkeley was not an adversary to be taken lightly, as time would tell.\nThe Viscount Lisle\nThe Lisle Viscountcy coat of arms (en.wikipedia.org)\nThe gateman could see his lord, Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle, was in high spirits as he trotted his horse into the courtyard of his manor in Wotton-Under-Edge on a cold, grey afternoon.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nWar had visited this town before when it burned down in the English civil war of the 13th Century. Now, Wotton quietly prospered and a number of buildings that still stand today, including its church; the Ancient Ram Inn; and Katherine Lady Berkeley School stood then and had for over a hundred years.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nTalbot\u2019s cheeks were full of colour and his eyes sparkled with youthful exuberance. He\u2019d just returned from hunting in the King\u2019s wood down the hill. With the hubbub of a Cistercian Abbey within earshot the Viscount had been chasing game through the woodland with a new companion of his, Thomas Holt. It wasn\u2019t all fun and games, however, for when the small hunting party took food and ale at the abbey canteen, talk turned to serious matters.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nHolt was the Keeper of the Berkeley Castle and, as a servant of the Baron, a disgruntled man; he felt unappreciated and unrewarded for his years of service. His head was turned by the Viscount and together they\u2019d hatched a sneaky plan to murder the Baron and take possession of the castle. And the Viscount would reward Holt very handsomely, that was made clear", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nYet, more help among Baron William\u2019s other servants would be needed, so the two Thomases agreed that Holt would approach the castle porter, Maurice King, for help. Talbot returned to his manor feeling more confident than ever. Soon, he mused, he could finally flaunt mettle worthy of the Talbot name and the Lisle Viscountcy.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThe Viscount was 21 in 1470. Married to a wife expecting their firstborn come the Summer. He was known for his fiery belligerence which his dear grandmother had channelled against the imposters seated in his birthright; the castle down by the great river.\nTalbot\u2019s anger bubbled below the surface every time he thought of this. But then Talbot had been destined to be someone\u2019s arch-enemy, such was the warlike lineage he was born from.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThomas\u2019s Grandfather was John Talbot. Called the \u2018English Achilles\u2019 and the \u2018Terror of the French\u2019, he was England\u2019s greatest general in the Hundred Years War and lavishly praised in the plays of Shakespeare. He was also a tough, cruel, and quarrelsome man, so the Talbots were the perfect family for Elizabeth Berkeley to marry into and continue the fight for her inheritance. John\u2019s son, of the same name, was also warlike and was enthusiastic about pursuing his mother\u2019s claims for the Berkeley estates", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nYet in 1453, when Thomas Talbot was still a toddler, John Talbot, both grandfather and father, fell gloriously in the last battle of the Hundred Years War \u2014 the Battle of Castillon. When his wounded and unhorsed father begged him to quit the field and save himself, John Jr. refused, preferring death to dishonour; a scene immortalized in Henry VI.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nOne can assume then that the young Thomas Talbot, imbued with his paternal warrior instincts and loathing for William Berkeley, felt destined to confront the man in combat in order to quench his family honour.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nTalbot had certainly let Berkeley know he was more than man enough to topple him. If the Baron were a man of honour, Talbot mused, he would have accepted one of Talbot\u2019s many challenges to meet on the field of battle, but Berkeley was too old and paunchy to take on Talbot, a true warrior like his father and grandfather. Talbot felt a match for any knight in the land and he smirked at the thought.\nA Call to Arms\nBerkeley Castle, now a thriving site of English heritage (thelostcinema.co.uk)", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nIt is hard to write too lucid an account of what exactly happened and when for obvious reasons, but as the weeks passed and the cold of winter still clung on, February came around and Talbot\u2019s scheme involving Thomas Holt turned sour.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nHolt had approached the Keeper of Berkeley Castle, Maurice King, to persuade him to switch sides. The man had listened carefully to Holt\u2019s offer then promptly reported Holt\u2019s treachery to his lord. This brought matters to a head. Clearly, Talbot would stop at nothing to take Berkeley\u2019s estates and the Baron could envision this struggle going on forever if he didn\u2019t act decisively.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThey say be careful what you wish for, the Baron was going to give young Talbot the fight he wanted, yet he had to make sure he was in the stronger position when the two sides finally met. For that, he was going to call in some favours.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nTalbot is said to have been furious when he found out his plot was exposed and his plan in ruins. In his fury, he issued yet another challenge to Berkeley to meet on the field of battle which was readily accepted this time. Berkeley told Talbot to meet him on ground halfway between their respective headquarters, just the next day at a village clearing called Nibley Green.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nGiving Talbot just one day to raise an army clearly made it hard to gather more than just the tenants and servants of Talbot\u2019s immediate environs. Berkeley, on the other hand, managed to raise a considerably larger force and from much further afield, including a strong contingent of miners from his lands in the Forest of Dean on the other side of the River Severn and troops sent up by his sister in-law\u2019s family from Bristol, 20 miles (33km) south", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nReading between the lines it\u2019s hard to believe Berkeley hadn\u2019t given these companies of troops some advance warning he would be in need of them soon for them all to arrive at Berkeley in time, particularly those hailing from Bristol.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nSo it was on the 20th of March an army of 1000 spearmen and archers coalesced at Berkeley Castle. They then made a short march through Michaelwood towards Nibley Green, trampling the bluebell carpet underfoot as birds\u2019 sang their dawn chorus through the woodland.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nTrying to imagine Talbot\u2019s state of mind as he rose early that morning is muse-worthy. In an era of religion and high mortality rates, the fear of death was much lower and it\u2019s fair to assume Talbot, with his illustrious lineage of war leaders, did not fear death in battle", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThis feud, which had fixated four generations of his family now, had been fuelled mostly by his family and Talbot had issued a number of challenges to his adversary which had not been taken up and I imagine this had nurtured a sense of complacent bravado, now severely rocked.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nHow confident was he now as he and Holt led his poor excuse for an army of just 300\u2013400 hastily gathered armed peasants up over to Nibley village to meet his foe? Did he know he was outnumbered? I expect Talbot had at least an inkling the odds in the coming battle were not good. Perhaps he intended to call out Berkeley for a personal duel where the odds would stand in his favour, or felt that whatever else a \u2018Talbot battle charge\u2019 could carry the day against the superior forces arrayed against him.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThe accounts of the short but bloody fight are sketchy; the main source on the battle being written a good seventy years after. Locals gathered under the banners of both lords and their family and friends would\u2019ve spectated, praying their sons, husbands, and fathers would survive unscathed or better still return victorious. Youngsters climbed trees for a good vantage point", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nTheir shouts of support would\u2019ve been heard from the edge of the green by the two opposing forces and it is from these witnesses an account of the battle was collated.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nIt was early morning and Talbot arrived from the west and halted atop Shankley Hill, a steep rise above the green, probably waiting for the opportunity to make a charge down upon his opponents. On the eastern side the Baron kept most of his force hidden in the woods, with just some men visible to lure Talbot into advancing forward.\nPerhaps Talbot suspected a trap because a standoff lasted some hours, the Viscount reluctant to come down from his strong position on the hill.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nEventually, however, Talbot accepted the challenge to advance upon his enemy below.\nIt was at this moment Baron Berkeley\u2019s true strength was revealed. He ordered his archers to step out of the trees.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nAs Talbot\u2019s force closed in quickly, the order came for them to loose off volleys of arrows again and again, maybe not exactly a cloud so dense to blot out the sun, but one imagines, leaving a litter of bodies behind the dwindling company of peasants with a better-armed band of men, perhaps mounted, and the young lord very much at the front.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nDuring the Hundred Years War, English longbow archers gained a formidable reputation as perhaps the deadliest troops on the continent. They were strong men armed with longbows the length of a tall man and were able to loose off arrows capable of piercing the thickest plate armour. Their fallen enemies would then be finished off with the thrusts of a dagger.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nAs Talbot closed the distance with Baron Berkeley a Forest of Dean archer named \u2018Black Will\u2019 stepped forward, drew his bow back, and fired an arrow which pierced Talbot\u2019s left temple through his open visor.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nWith blood squirting from the wound to the rhythm of his dying heart, Talbot fell and there was nothing else to keep Talbot\u2019s force on the field. They turned tail and melted away, perhaps before they had even reached Berkeley\u2019s ranks. 150 men are said to have fallen that day. The young lord was customarily finished off where he fell and Holt died about an hour after Talbot, executed in cold blood.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nAs Talbot\u2019s men stumbled back to their relieved families waiting nearby, Berkeley marched on to Talbot\u2019s Manor home at Wotton-Under-Edge to sack it. Who knows if Talbot\u2019s wife, Margaret Herbert, the daughter of the 1st Earl of Pembroke, was roughly handled during the plunder but it was a very traumatic day in any case. She miscarried her child shortly after. Thus, Thomas Talbot\u2019s family line was extinguished. The destruction of Berkeley\u2019s enemy was complete.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nAnd so, the great Lisle-Berkeley family feud was finished. William Berkeley must\u2019ve been immensely satisfied. One can imagine the joyous feast he held; the braggadocio and back-patting going on late into the night.\nThe moment Talbot\u2019s left temple is pierced by an arrow fired by \u2018Black Will\u2019 (studio88.co.uk)\nThe Lisle Viscountcy would be inherited 13 years later by Edward Grey \u2014 the husband of Elizabeth Talbot, Thomas\u2019s sister.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nAs for William Berkeley, his status in the kingdom went from strength to strength; William was created Viscount Berkeley in 1481, a Privy Counsellor in \u201982, became Earl of Nottingham a year later, then assumed the life office of Earl Marshal and Great Marshal of England in \u201986. Finally, he was made Marquess of Berkeley in 1488. He passed away 22 years after the battle in 1492.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nIt is interesting to note that William also never sired an heir, male or female, and so his Barony was passed on to his king. His brother, Maurice Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley should\u2019ve inherited the Barony but William disinherited his brother for bringing shame to the family for marrying a woman of common stock. This, even though Maurice\u2019s in-laws had actually reinforced William with the men from Bristol. That\u2019s gratitude!", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nThe Barony was returned to the Berkeley family in 1553 and the Berkeleys are the only English family still in existence that can trace their ancestors from father to son back to Saxon times. Berkeley Castle has now been the Berkeley family residence for a whopping 850 years.\nThe Battle of Nibley Green was the last ever private battle in English history. It was remembered throughout Gloucestershire well into the 17th Century although little known farther afield.", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nIt stands out for its portrayal of the nobility at their basest; not in pursuit of lofty ambitions but for greed and rampant pride.\nBattle of Nibley Green \u2014 Wikipedia article (and links included)\nBattle of Nibley Green \u2014 Youtube documentary, created by Robin Burton\nBattle of North Nibley \u2014 North Nibley website account of the battle (including Extracts from \u2018Gloucestershire\u2019s Forgotten Battle, Nibley Green 1470\u2019 by Peter Fleming and Michael Wood), by D. Palmer\nBerkeley Castle \u2014 Official website", "The Battle of Nibley Green \u2013 England\u2019s Last Private Battle\nNibley Green, Battle of \u2014 enacademic.com\nThe Battle of Nibley Green \u2014 MyThornbury account of the battle, as told by Professor Peter Fleming of the University of the West of England (UWE)\n22nd May 2021\t 0"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.geneva.edu/news/2012/01/nr_kevin_jordan?_templateId=237

Chapel speaker Kevin Jordan

["Chapel speaker Kevin Jordan\nChapel speaker Kevin Jordan\nKevin Jordan, chaplain for the Pittsburgh Steelers, will be speaking in Metheny Fieldhouse at 10:15 a.m. on Wednesday, January 25 as part of the \"Crazy Love\" series for chapel.", "Chapel speaker Kevin Jordan\nJordan graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with a degree in sociology. After a successful college football career in which he finished as UCLA\u2032s all-time leading receiver in catches and yards, he moved on to a brief career in the NFL, playing for the Arizona Cardinals, Cincinnati Bengals and Denver Broncos.", "Chapel speaker Kevin Jordan\nSoon after retiring from professional football, he joined \"Athletes in Action,\" a global sports ministry that uses sports to assist those with questions of faith, and served 10 years as the campus director at UCLA. Kevin later became the chaplain for the Steelers in March 2008. During his first year with the team, Jordan had the opportunity to travel to Super Bowl XLIII, and later returned with them for Super Bowl XLV.", "Chapel speaker Kevin Jordan\nChapel, a weekly devotional time for the Geneva College community, is held on Wednesdays from 10:15-11 a.m. in Metheny Fieldhouse. This time provides an opportunity for the campus to gather together to praise God, hear His word, and seek His favor and direction. Attendance is required for students and the entire campus community is encouraged to participate."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.stolaf.edu/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=NewsDetails&id=5229

From intern to full-time employee

["From intern to full-time employee\nDirectories | A to Z | Home\nSt. Olaf News\n\u00bb News and Events\n\u00bb Sports News\nFeatures \u00bb St. Olaf Magazine\n\u00bb Student Newspaper\nFor the Media \u00bb About St. Olaf\n\u00bb Directions to Campus\nMedia Relations Kari VanDerVeen Alumni Hall 507-786-3970 office 507-412-1036 cell [email protected] RSS Feed\nNote: This article is over a year old and information contained in it may no longer be accurate. Please use the contact information in the lower-left corner to verify any information in this article.", "From intern to full-time employee\nPhoto by Jenna Mahr '15 It's easy to assume that the tasks of a corporate intern will inevitably revolve around coffee and copies. But for Benjamin Leis '12, a summer internship at Best Buy included taking leadership of a project, building a network of business associates within the company, and sitting in on meetings with the company's CEO. It also led to him landing a full-time job with the Fortune 500 company six months before he graduates", "From intern to full-time employee\nLeis says he was able to get such a valuable internship thanks to the resources he found in St. Olaf's Center for Experiential Learning (CEL). \"The CEL helped me focus on the internships that they thought would fit me best and that I should spend the most time applying for,\" he says", "From intern to full-time employee\n\"Once I landed an internship, I realized that I had become much more comfortable interviewing and networking, which was also a nice asset to build and strengthen throughout the summer.\" Of the many resources available in the CEL, Leis says the OleRecruiting website and the Career Network for Oles were particularly valuable. \"I was put in touch with three Ole alumni and gained two informational interviews,\" he says, noting that he found St. Olaf alumni very willing to help current students", "From intern to full-time employee\nThe internship at Best Buy was the perfect way, Leis says, to experience the corporate world and see the \"big picture\" of how businesses operate. He was given responsibilities that required him to think on his feet, be resourceful, and take in a lot of new information. \"I was fortunate enough to take the lead on a project this summer,\" says Leis", "From intern to full-time employee\n\"This meant that I had to build it up from the ground up and turn it into something that could really benefit the company.\" His roles gradually changed throughout the summer as he grew more and more accustomed to how the company worked. \"The first few weeks were spent understanding where the relevant data was, who on my team would be best to approach for which types of questions, and how to operate the necessary programs that I would be using to do my work,\" he says", "From intern to full-time employee\n\"This meant a lot of textbook reading \u2014 I felt like I was in school!\" By mid-summer, Leis was encouraged to focus on building a network at the company and making connections to help extend his understanding of the business outside the roles of the staff on his team. \"Most of my networking focus was on areas of the business that were relevant to my math, statistics, and management background, but sometimes it was nice to hear about something completely different,\" says Leis", "From intern to full-time employee\n\"My days during these weeks were spent about 40 percent networking, side projects, and other events, and 60 percent big project\u2013related data manipulation, reporting, studying, and meetings.\" While his internship at a larger corporation was certainly hard work, Leis was rewarded with some very unique experiences while at Best Buy", "From intern to full-time employee\n\"We got to meet with the CEO twice \u2014 once with all of the other top executives, and once to watch a discussion between Best Buy CEO Brian Dunn and CISCO CEO John Chambers that was extremely interesting,\" says Leis. And, of course, he has that full-time job as a demand planning analyst waiting for him. Contact Kari VanDerVeen at 507-786-3970 or [email protected].", "From intern to full-time employee\nJanuary February March April May June July August September October November December 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 St. Olaf College, 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, Minnesota 55057\n\u00a9 2014 St. Olaf College. All rights reserved. Contact us at [email protected] or 507-786-2222."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C121028/program_abstracts/the_surprising_crab_nebula.html

Abstract

["Abstract\nThe Crab Nebula, with its powerful pulsar, is the remnant of a supernova explosion observed in 1054. The Nebula emission for energies ranging from radio to gamma rays (up to 100 MeV) is dominated by synchrotron radiation of electrons accelerated by the pulsar, and shows a cutoff around 100-200 MeV. Because of its very stable emission, the Crab Nebula was considered a calibrator for High Energy Astrophysics telescopes", "Abstract\nA big surprise was the discovery by the AGILE satellite of a gamma-ray flare from the Crab Nebula in September 2010, with a sub-day timescale, and a peak emission beyond the steady state emission. Four major gamma-ray flares have been detected by AGILE and Fermi from mid-2007 until now. The discovery of fast and efficient gamma-ray transient emission from the Crab Nebula leads to substantially revise the current models of particle acceleration", "Abstract\nThe 2007 gamma-ray flare observed by AGILE shows the evidence of two different types (fast and slow) of enhanced gamma-ray emission. The presence of these two components is found also in the Fermi data with a \u03c7\u00b2 analysis of the whole data set: several episodes above 5 \u03c3 from the Crab average emission (beside the major flares) were found, with a duration ranging from few days up to more than one month", "Abstract\nI will discuss the evidence of the fast and slow components of enhanced gamma-ray emission in the AGILE and Fermi data, and the four major flares detected by the two telescopes."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://bestlegalchoices.com/title25/25-1058-expedited-enforcement-child-custody-determination/

25-1058 Expedited Enforcement of Child Custody Determination

["25-1058 Expedited Enforcement of Child Custody Determination\n25-1058 Expedited enforcement of child custody determination\nBest Legal Choices > 25-1058 Expedited enforcement of child custody determination\nA. A petition under this article must be verified. Certified copies of all orders sought to be enforced and of any order confirming registration must be attached to the petition. A copy of a certified copy of an order may be attached instead of the original.\nB. A petition for enforcement of a child custody determination must state:", "25-1058 Expedited Enforcement of Child Custody Determination\n1. Whether the court that issued the determination identified the jurisdictional basis it relied on in exercising jurisdiction and, if so, what the basis was.\n2. Whether the determination for which enforcement is sought has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court whose decision must be enforced under this chapter and, if so, shall identify the court, the case number and the nature of the proceeding.", "25-1058 Expedited Enforcement of Child Custody Determination\n3. Whether any proceeding has been commenced that could affect the current proceeding, including proceedings relating to domestic violence, protective orders, termination of parental rights and adoptions and, if so, shall identify the court, the case number and the nature of the proceeding.\n4. The present physical address of the child and the respondent, if known.", "25-1058 Expedited Enforcement of Child Custody Determination\n5. Whether relief in addition to the immediate physical custody of the child and attorney fees is sought, including a request for assistance from law enforcement officials and, if so, the relief sought.\n6. If the child custody determination has been registered and confirmed under section 25-1055, the date and place of registration.", "25-1058 Expedited Enforcement of Child Custody Determination\nC. On the filing of a petition, the court shall issue an order directing the respondent to appear in person with or without the child at a hearing and may enter any order necessary to ensure the safety of the parties and the child. The hearing must be held on the next judicial day after service of the order unless that date is impossible. In that event, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible. The court may extend the date of the hearing at the request of the petitioner.", "25-1058 Expedited Enforcement of Child Custody Determination\nD. An order issued under subsection C of this section must state the time and place of the hearing and advise the respondent that at the hearing the court will order that the petitioner may take immediate physical custody of the child and the payment of fees, costs and expenses under section 25-1062 and may schedule a hearing to determine whether further relief is appropriate, unless the respondent appears and establishes that either of the following is true:", "25-1058 Expedited Enforcement of Child Custody Determination\n1. The child custody determination has not been registered and confirmed under section 25-1055 and that any of the following is true:\n(a) The issuing court did not have jurisdiction under article 2 of this chapter.\n(b) The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court having jurisdiction to do so under article 2 of this chapter.", "25-1058 Expedited Enforcement of Child Custody Determination\n(c) The respondent was entitled to notice, but notice was not given in accordance with section 25-1008, in the proceedings before the court that issued the order for which enforcement is sought.\n2. The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought was registered and confirmed under section 25-1054, but has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court of a state having jurisdiction to do so under article 2 of this chapter."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=y-ESAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA292&focus=viewport&vq=%22in+a+great+metropolis.+The+merchant+at+the+cross-roads+store+is+as+much+a+business+man+as+the+merchant%22&dq=editions:UOM39015075032303&lr=&output=html_text

The Bookman, Volume 22

["The Bookman, Volume 22\nThe Bookman, Volume 22\nmen as\nof the charging columns.\u201d There are included accounts of such Bragg, Polk, Lee, Longstreet, Ewell, D. H. Hill, A. P. Hill, Jeb Stuart, Early, Anderson, Mahone, Van Dorn, and many others.\nG. P. Putnam's Sons:\nThe Scarlet Pimpernel. By Baroness Orczy.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThe book takes its name from the flower-badge worn by the leader of a daring band of Englishmen who risked their lives during the Revolution in order to save members of the French nobility from the Terrorists of France. The heroine is a charming, fearless woman, and the crisis of the story is reached when she unwittingly condemns her husband by giving information which promises to save her brother.\nRomance of the French Abbeys. By Elizabeth W. Champney.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThere are descriptions of The Golden Mystery-An Episode in the History of the Abbey of Vezelay; The Masterpiece of Fr\u00e8re Placide-A Story of One of the ArtisanMonks of Cluny; The Wolf of Saint Francis-From the Chronicles of the Abbey of Montmajour; The Vision of Saint Bernard-A Legend of Clairvaux; The Tapestries of BourganeufHow They Came to the Commanders of the Knights Hospitallers; Intra Muros-Being the Adventures of a Red Box; The Abbey Church of Brou; The Green Dragon of F\u00e9camp, etc", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nShelburne Essays. By Paul Elmer More.\nThe third in this series of essays by Shelburne includes the following subjects: The Correspondence of William Cowper, Whittier the Poet, The Centenary of Sainte Beuve, The Scotch Novels and Scotch History, Swinburne, Christina Rossetti, Why is Browning Popular? A Note on Byron's \"Don Juan,' Laurence Sterne, J. Henry Shorthouse, The Quest of a Century.\nThe Spanish Settlements within the Present Limits of the United States. Florida, 1562-1574. By Woodbury Lowery.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nAlthough a continuation of the author's previous work, his new book treats the subject as a distinct episode in the history of the Spanish colonial enterprises. The volume contains record of the period of the French settlement in Florida under Ribaut and Laudonniere, their expulsion of Pedro Menendez de Aviles, and the foundation of the first permanent Spanish colony; a review of the Spanish policy", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nwith regard to French aggression in North America, and the diplomatic relations between Philip II. and Catherine de' Medici in respect to their conflicting claims to Florida; and a history of the missions in Florida, South Carolina and Virginia undertaken at the instigation of Spain.\nMohammed and the Rise of Islam. By D. S. Margoliouth.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nIssued in the \"Heroes of the Nations\" series. We quote the general purpose of the work from the author's preface: \"The standpoint from which this book is written is suggested by the title of the series. I regard Mohammed as a great man, who solved a political problem of appalling difficulty, the construction of a state and an empire out of the Arab tribes", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nI have endeavoured, in recounting the mode in which he 'accomplished this, to do justice to his intellectual ability, and to observe towards him the respectful attitude which his greatness deserves; but otherIwise this book does not aim at being either an apology or an indictment. Indeed, neither sort of work is now required.\"", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nLove Alone is Lord. By. F. Frankfort Moore.\nThe romantic life of Lord Byron is the theme of this novel. The heroine is the poet's early love, Mary Chaworth, although Lady Caroline Lamb figures prominently in the story. The tale begins during Lord Byron's boyhood, and has its ending at the time when he is contemplating running away with Mary, now Mrs. Muster. This action is frustrated by the terrible accident which befell Mr. Muster.\nFleming H. Revell Company:\nThe Village Artist. By Adeline M. Teskey.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThe \"village artist\" does not paint in oils, water-colours or clay, but works among her neighbours, her home, in her garden, on the school-grounds, in church, and on the village streets, trying to bring out the beauty of the lives and conditions with which she comes in contact.\nSt. Cuthbert's. By Robert E. Knowles.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nA Canadian Presbyterian clergyman tells the romance of his own parish. The reader makes the acquaintance of many interesting characters among these Scotch people, most of whom the minister has found to be tried and true friends. A pretty love story, in which Margaret, the clergyman's daughter, is the heroine, runs through the book. Saint Cecilia of the Court. By Isabella R. Hess.\nSaint Cecilia is not the docile young", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nheroine that her nickname would imply. She has red hair, and belongs to the tenement section of downtown New York. Pathos and humour are combined in the story, which tells how the girl \"rises superior to the discouragement of the Court,\" and which portrays many sides of New York life and shows the good that will never cease to exist in the tenements, hospitals, and saloons of the city.\nCharles Scribner's Sons:\nConfessions of Lord Byron. Arranged by W. A. Lewis Bettany.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nAn imported volume consisting of a collection of Lord Byron's private opinions of men and of matters, taken from the new and enlarged edition of his letters and journals. The work is divided into six parts: Byron's Reflections of Himself, Byron's Religious Religious Views, Byron's Opinions of the Literary Life, Byron's Estimate of Contemporary English Poets, Byron's Obiter Dicta on the Drama, and Byron's Valuation of His Friends. Two portraits of the writer illustrate the book.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nMary, Queen of Scots: Her Life Story. By A. H. Millar.\nIn this volume, which has been imported by Charles Scribner's Sons, the author says in the preface that it is necessary to appreciate the difficult circumstances in which the Queen was placed before condemning her. It is, therefore, the purpose of this work \"to place the events of her chequered career faithfully before the reader, so that he may draw his own conclusions.\". The book contains eight portraits and illustrations.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nFisherman's Luck. By Henry Van Dyke.\nA new edition, and printed from new plates, similar in form to the edition of \"Little Rivers,\" and others of Dr. Van Dyke's books. Full-page illustrations increase the interest of the book.\nMcAllister and His Double. By Arthur Train.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThe book is composed of eleven independent stories, the principal characters in all being McAllister and his \"double.\" McAllister is a clubman, his double is his valet. Each story tells of some thrilling complication into which the clubman has blundered and from which he extricates both himself and his valet. There are twelve illustrations in the volume.\nThe Gardens of Italy. Two volumes. By Charles Latham.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nAn importation of two volumes. It is made up of a series of illustrations from photographs of the most famous\nexamples, including about three hundred plates. Descriptive text is supplied by E. March Phillipps. The work presents a very handsome appearance. Songs and Lyrics from the Dramatists of the XVI., XVII., and XVIII. Centuries.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nAn imported volume issued in the \"Newnes' Pocket Classics\" series. Among the selections are poems from the pens of such writers as Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Milton, Dryden, Nash, etc.\nThe Success of Defeat. By Maltbie D. Babcock, D.D.\nAn address delivered in Baltimore before the Convention of the Maryland Christian Endeavour Union, in 1893. Dr. Babcock repeated the sermon a few months afterwards in a distant city with very gratifying results.\nSt. Ives. By Robert Louis Stevenson.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThree more volumes in the Biographical Edition of Robert Louis Stevenson's works, prefaced by Mrs. Stevenson. \"St. Ives\" relates the adventures of a French prisoner in England; \"The Wrong Box\" was written in collaboration with Mr. Stevenson's stepson, Lloyd Osbourne; and \"Complete Poems\" consists of A Child's Garden of Verses, Underwoods, and Ballads. A History of Egypt. From the XIXth to the XXXth Dynasties. By W. M. Flinders Petrie.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThis importation is the third volume in \"A History of Egypt\" contributed by Mr. Petrie. There are six volumes in the set, which is now completed. The author claims his book to be \"only a skeleton of facts.\" He has made thorough researches of the epochs of Egyptian history, with which the work deals, and the \"great mass of fresh discoveries\" have necessitated much revision and labour, and the results are widely different from some of the previous historical records.\nDante the Wayfarer. By Christopher Hare.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nIn this volume, which Scribner's Sons have imported, the purpose of the author is to \"take Dante himself as my guide for an earthly pilgrimage; following him through the ancient cities of Northern Italy, from one refuge to another in his long exile, up the steep mountain path, by the river side, along many a by-way far from the busy haunts of men, where the world which the poet saw still lives unchanged after six centuries.\" There are a number of illustrations in the work.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nIn and Around Venice. By Horatio F. Brown.\nAn imported volume intended as a companion to \"Life on the Lagoons.' The work contains many sketches of the neighbouring hills, towns and villages. Among the subjects discussed are: The Campanile of San Marco and the Loggetta of Sansovino, The Twin Columns of the Piazzetta, Some Venetian Knockers, A Great Family-the Giustiniani, Venetian Proverbs, Venice en F\u00eate, Floods on the Mainland, etc.\nDrawings of Rossetti.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nAn imported work, uniform with the other volumes of the \"Modern Master Draughtsmen\" series. About fifty of Rossetti's drawings are reproduced in black and white and in tint. Mr. T. Martin Wood has written an introductory preface to the drawings, in which he describes at length the various works of the artist.\nKipps. By H. G. Wells.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nHere is told the story of a simple soul. When the reader first meets Kipps, who is \"a' Norphan,\" he is living with his uncle and aunt in New Romney. Leaving them, he takes up one thing after another until he comes unexpectedly into a fortune. He is beset by persons suddenly interested in his welfare, by books on etiquette, and literature and social engagements, with which he is entirely out of harmony. At length he finds himself engaged to marry Miss Helen Walsingham", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nTerror-stricken at the terrible tide of events which is sweeping him along, he runs away-back to New Romney-and implores a sweetheart of the old days to save him from these dreadful things by marrying him. They soon lose their money, and Kipp regards this as an act of Providence. The story is said to be pitiful, humorous, and dramatic.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nAn imported addition to the \"Makers of British Art\" series. The principal facts detailed in this biography concern the early life and artistic training of Hogarth, his character and personality, his place in the London of the eighteenth century, the classification of Hogarth's designs, his book illustrations, satirical prints of special allusion, subscription tickets, didactic pieces and social studies, and Hogarth as a graphic artist and as a maker of British art. The volume is well illustrated.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nMrs. Radigan. By Nelson Lloyd.\nA satire on certain social conditions existing in modern New York society. The story is told through a real estate man, who followed that line of business because \"all the cotillon leaders are", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nin real estate or architecture, as dancing is a branch of their business.\" Mrs. Radigan is a \"climber\" who has come from Kansas City and succeeds in reaching the topmost rung in the society ladder; Miss Pearl Veal and Mr. J. Madison Mudison, who live under the motto \"It is just as well to be smart as to be famous,\" are other interesting characters.\nThomas Whittaker:\nSunday Talks with Boys and Girls. By Barbara Yechton.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nWith a verse of Scripture as the text for each, fifty-two talks are given to boys and girls. The themes of the talks cover a wide range of subjects.\nReligion and Politics. By Algernon Sidney Crapsey.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThese thirteen lectures were delivered by the author to the congregation of which he is pastor. On account of the discussion and contention which they aroused, they are published in full \"in order that the writer may be judged by the whole body of his thought, rather than by any selected portion of the same.\" Among the subjects are: State, The Attitude of Jesus to the State, Jesus' Method of Government, The Imperialised Church, The Rise of the National Churches, etc.\nDana Estes and Company:", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nMrs. Tree's Will. By Laura E. Richards.\nThe reader of \"Mrs. Tree\" will recognise many characters in the present tale which, while a complete story in itself, is in many respects a sequel to the first. It contains a series of testimonials to Mrs. Tree by her friends and neighbours, and illustrates the qualities of the original New England stock. Four characteristic illustrations are included.\nGinn and Company:\nThe Philippine Islands. By Fred W. Atkin", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThe aim of this book is \"to give the public at large a definite idea of just what our new possessions in the Orient comprehend, to correct impressions that have been caused by erroneous accounts, and to reconcile views that have come from the two necessarily conflicting sources, the military and the civil. In short, the aim is to give concisely that sort of information which will be the best substitute for an actual acquaintance with the different parts of the archipelago.\" The volume is well illustrated.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nA village in Maine is the setting for this story of a young love. Rose, the belle of the town, becomes engaged to Stephen Waterman, a sturdy Yankee, but the engagement is broken when he feels that the affections of Rose have been transferred to Claude, a spruce salesman from Boston. When the heroine finds that Claude's attractions are no deeper than the surface, she wins Stephen back. The charm of the story is said to lie in the setting and the fashion in which the author pictures her characters.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nKristy's Surprise Party. By Olive Thorne Miller.\nAlthough each of these sixteen stories is complete in itself, they are joined together in a pleasing way to children. One tells about the party mentioned in the title, another about an experience in the Chicago fire, and others are the stories told by Kristy's guests at her party. There are four illustrations in colour by Ethel N. Farnsworth. Complete Poetical Works of Lord Byron. Edited by Bliss Perry.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThe purpose of the Cambridge Edition, in which this volume is published, is to give all the necessary information for understanding the poets and their works, and for profitable study of them. In addition to the complete poetical works of the author, this volume includes a portrait of Lord Byron, a biographical sketch, notes, etc.\nLittle, Brown and Company:\nThe Rejuvenation of Aunt Mary. By Anne Warner.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nBefore the opening of the story \"Aunt Mary\" had received a legacy from her niece, whom she had not seen since the niece eloped many years previous, in the form of her five orphaned children. Aunt Mary had succeeded in bringing them all up creditably until she came to Jack, a good-natured, lovable scapegrace", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nAlthough his aunt's idol, he became involved in so many exasperating episodes that she finally disinherited him She fell into a trap laid for her and went to New York with all the speed which her seventy years could muster, to attend him during an illness, only to find him well and waiting for her. This visit with Jack and his college friends is the \"rejuvenation of Aunt Mary.\" A love story runs through the book.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThe School-house in the Woods. By A. G. Plympton.\nAs may be inferred from the title, this\nbook is intended to interest young people. It portrays the daily life of boys and girls who attend school, and introduces characters which the reader is glad to know. The volume is illustrated.\nHeroes of Iceland. With a New Preface, Introduction and Notes by Allen French.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nAdapted from Dasent's translation of \"The Story of Burnt Njal,\" the great Icelandic saga. The legend deals with this country in the tenth century, when the standard of courage was very high. The life and habits of the Norseman are shown in this thrilling tale.\nA Daughter of the Rich. By M. E. Waller.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThis pretty story of family life introduces the small daughter of a rich man and \"her many friends, the blossoms of Mount Hunger.\" The volume appears in a new edition, the illustrations for which have been made by Ellen Bernard Thompson. Shipwrecked in Greenland. By Arthur R. Thompson.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nA story of adventure in which a party of boys, a sea-captain and a young man have thrilling experiences while trying to rescue the crew and passengers from a stranded steamer, which they find drifting not far from St. John. Among the points of interest at which they stop is an Eskimo village. The story is based on the experiences of an expedition which came to grief off the coast of Greenland in 1894.\nLothrop, Lee and Shepard Company:\nLife More Abundant. By Henry Wood.\nThe aim of this work, which the au-", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nthor claims is written from an inde-\npendent standpoint, is to preserve \"all\nthat is intrinsic in the Written Word,\nto brighten and deepen the read-\ner's faith in the Bible, and to aid in\nestablishing that faith upon a surer\nbasis.\nIt is addressed to the intel-\nligent lay mind, which has neither the\ntime nor training for dealing with the\nintricacies of technical criticism and\nspiritual symbolism.\"\nThe Only True Mother Goose. With Introduction by Rev. Edward Everett Hale.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\n\"An exact reproduction of the text and illustrations of the original edition published and copyrighted in Boston, in the year 1833, by Munroe and Francis.\" The reproduction of these rhymes and jingles, which have for years been out of print, is at the urgent request of Dr. Hale, who has written an introduction to the book.\nThe Boy Craftsman. By A. Neely Hall.\nA volume of practical and profitable ideas for a boy's leisure hours. It gives", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nsuggestions for making the money necessary to buy the tools and materials required for making the things which the boy is taught how to build and construct in the other parts of the book. The idea of economy is carried out in all cases. The author aims to help boys with their problems of earning money, as well as furnishing recreative and entertaining work.\nWhen Grandmamma was Fourteen. By Marion Harland.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\n\"When Grandmam\u0131na was New\" is the title of stories already published, which the author told of her own young days. In \"When Grandmamma was Fourteen\" these stories are continued, and the reader sees old Richmond through the eyes of Molly Burwell, a fourteen-year-old girl.\nBen Pepper. By Margaret Sidney.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThe \"Pepper Books,\" of which there are already nine, are well known, and youthful readers will heartily welcome the tenth book in the series. Ben is a \"quiet, steady-as-a-rock boy,\" and his splendid qualities, together with the many good times described, will make this story interesting to all boys and girls. Dan Monroe. By W. O. Stoddard.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nDan Monroe was the drummer-boy of the Lexington militia, and his closest friend and companion was the fifer. These two boys are the heroes of Mr. Stoddard's story, into which he has introduced the Concord fight, the battle of Bunker Hill, and the arrival of Washington. A book of interest to boys.\nThe Runaway Donkey and Other Rhymes. By Emilie Poulsson.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nJuvenile. It will, no doubt, add to the child's interest in these stories, to know that some of the characters are true to life and that many of them are true stories.\nThe Making of a Man. By Orison Swett Marden.\nA series of talks to boys on such topics as Self-Honor, The Price of Success, The Man of Force, Courage at the Sticking Point, Moral Daring, and sixteen other subjects of a kindred\nL. C. Page and Company:\nThe Cathedrals of Northern Spain. By Charles Rudy.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThis work, which is necessarily of an architectural and historical nature, is based on evolutionary principles and endeavours to demonstrate the motives of certain artistic phenomena. The author explains the general purpose of the book, in the hope that they who seek", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nto determine which art phenomena are natural and which artificial, may \"find some remarks or some observations in the following chapters to help them discover the real truth concerning the Spaniard's love, or his insensibility for architectural monuments, as well as his share in the erection of cathedrals, palaces, and castles.\" The cathedrals of over thirty towns are described. The volume is well illustrated.\nThe Art of the Venice Academy. By Mary Knight Potter.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nThe order of the rooms considered has been chosen by the writer, in order to give \"the best opportunity for some sort of a comprehensive view of the Venetian painting of the Renaissance.\" In order to give as much space and comment as possible to the painters themselves, the writer has, in many instances, barely outlined the lesser pictures, believing it desirable that the reader should gain some definite, if slight, idea of the style and ability of the more unimportant as well as the most noted painters", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nRed Fox. By Charles G. D. Roberts.\nThis is a history of the life of a red fox from his babyhood, of his adventurous career in the \"Ringwaak Wilds,\" and of his final triumph over the enemies of his kind. The hero fox, it is claimed, may be taken as fairly typical, both in his characteristics and his experiences. Fifty full-page drawings illustrate the book.\nThe Pilgrim Press:\nThe Opportunity of Congregationalism. By Washington Gladden, D.D.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nAn address delivered before various Congregational assemblies in 1904 and 1905, published in pamphlet form.\nPHILADELPHIA, PA. Jewish Publication Society of America: American Jewish Year Book. 5666. Edited by Cyrus Adler and Henrietta Szold.", "The Bookman, Volume 22\nA general record of Jewish activities in the United States from September 30, 1905, to September 19, 1906. The list of \"Selected Hebraica and Judaica\" have been omitted from this annual; in its place several new lists, all pertaining to America, have been included. There are also other changes.\nJ. B. Lippincott Company:\nThe Vortex. By Thomas McKean.\nIn order that he may obtain the money of Paul Trefusis's wife, who is ."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://chestofbooks.com/health/materia-medica-drugs/Treatise-Therapeutics-Pharmacology-Materia-Medica-Vol2/III-Bloodroot-Sanguinaria-U-S.html

Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica

["Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nFree Books / Health and Healing / Materia Medica / Treatise On Therapeutics, And Pharmacology /\nIII. Bloodroot. Sanguinaria. U. S\nThis section is from the book \"A Treatise On Therapeutics, And Pharmacology Or Materia Medica Vol2\", by George B. Wood. Also available from Amazon: Part 1 and Part 2.", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nThis is another indigenous medicine; being the root or rhizome of Sanguinaria Canadensis, a small herbaceous perennial, growing in woods throughout the United States, and sending up a pretty delicate flower, among those which appear earliest in the spring.", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nSensible Properties. The root when fresh is two or three inches long, abrupt at the end, often contorted, about as thick as the finger, fleshy, of a reddish-brown colour externally, of a brighter red within, and abounding in an orange-coloured juice, which escapes when it is cut", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nit shrinks in drying, and, as kept in the shops, is in pieces from one to three inches long, flattened, much wrinkled, often with abrupt offsets and radical fibres attached, externally reddish-brown, and internally of an orange-red colour, and spongy consistence. The powder is also reddish. The odour of the root is peculiar and somewhat narcotic, the taste bitterish, acrid, and durable. Water and alcohol extract its colour and medical properties.", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nActive Principle. The virtues of the root probably depend, principally at least, on a peculiar organic alkali, denominated sanguinarina, which was discovered by the late Dr. Dana, of New York. it is an acrid substance, and, though itself white, forms coloured salts with the acids, which, when dissolved in water, produce beautiful red solutions. it is said to be identical with chelerythrin, an alkaloid subsequently discovered by Probst in celandine", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nTwo other alkaloids are said to have been extracted from bloodroot; but how far they possess the virtues of the root has not been determined. (See U. S. Dispensatory, 12th ed., p. 741.)", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nBloodroot is an acrid emetic, with narcotic properties. it is a local irritant of considerable power, producing inflammation when kept in contact with the skin, exciting violent irritation when snuffed up the nostrils, and operating like a caustic upon fungous surfaces. Taken internally, in moderate doses, it excites the stomach, increases somewhat the frequency of the pulse, and stimulates the secretions, especially that of the lungs, and, as some suppose, the hepatic also", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nMore largely taken, it occasions nausea, and now reduces the force of the circulation, and diminishes the frequency of the pulse. Dr. Eberle, in \u2022 his work on Therapeutics, states that he had found it to have this effect, usually, after having been continued in moderate doses for eight or ten days. in the full dose, it produces vomiting. in over-doses, it acts as a poison, causing burning in the stomach, excessive thirst, violent vomiting, faintness, vertigo, dimness of vision, and great prostration.", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nThe medicine may be employed for the ordinary purposes of the emetics, but, from its irritant properties, is inferior to ipecacuanha, and is less used, with this object, than as a nau-seant, expectorant, and alterative. it has, however, been recommended as an emetic in croup; and may be employed appropriately in all cases, in which, along with an indication for emesis, there is a state of system demanding rather supporting than exhausting measures", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nFor its expectorant and alterative properties, it has been highly recommended in various pectoral affections, and especially in pneumonia, in the advanced stages or typhoid conditions of which, it is considered by some as a highly valuable remedy. it has been found useful also in bronchitis acute and chronic, in asthma, and pertussis. in rheumatism, too, it has been used with supposed advantage, and has been recommended as an alterative in disease of the liver", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nit should not, however, be used in any case, during high febrile excitement, nor in acute inflammatory affections, until after due reduction by depletory methods.", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nThe dose of the powder, as an emetic, is from ten to twenty grains, which should be given suspended in water. it has been recommended to administer it preferably in the form of pill, in consequence of its irritating effects on the fauces when swallowed in the former state. But it might be questionable whether it would be best to bring it, in its concentrated state, in contact with the coats of the stomach, irritating as it seems to be to the mucous membranes", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nAs a nauseating and stimulating expectorant, it may be given in the dose of from one to five grains. The medicine is sometimes administered in the form of infusion, made in the proportion of half an ounce to a pint, of which the emetic dose would be about a fluidounce.", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nThe officinal Tincture of Bloodroot (Tinctura Sanguinaria, U. S.) contains the virtues of two troyounces of the root in a pint, and may be given as an emetic in the dose of two or three fluidrachms, but is much more used as an alterative and expectorant, for which purposes from twenty to sixty drops are given, every two or three hours, in acute cases, and three or four times' a day in the chronic.", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nA Vinegar of Bloodroot (Acetum Sanguinaria, U. S.) is directed in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, made with diluted acetic acid, either by percolation or maceration, and containing the virtues of four troyounces of the root in two pints of the vinegar. The dose as an emetic is three or four fluidrachms, as an expectorant from 15 to 30 minims. This vinegar has been used as a gargle in the sore-throat of scarlet fever, and as a local application to ringworm, and other cutaneous eruptions", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nA syrup of bloodroot may be made by mixing a pint of the vinegar with two troypounds of sugar, and dissolving with a gentle heat. The dose would be about double that of the vinegar.", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nSanguinaria has been employed topically for various purposes. The powder mixed with camphor has been used as an errhine in coryza. it is said to have repeatedly caused the disappearance of soft polypi, by being occasionally snuffed up the nostrils. it has also been applied to fungous ulcers as an escharotic. An infusion in vinegar has been used with benefit in obstinate cutaneous eruptions, as a gargle in the sore-throat of scarlatina, and as a stimulant to ill-conditioned ulcers.", "Bloodroot, Sanguinaria - A Treatise on Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Materia Medica\nprev: II. Gillenia. Indian Physic. American Ipecacuanha. U. S\nnext: IV. Euphorbia. Ipecacuanha Spurge. - Euphorbia Ipecacuanha. U.S. Large-Flowering Spurge. - Euphorbia Corollata. U. S"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.godwinobaseki.com/obaseki-did-not-draft-anti-grazing-bill-says-mayaki/

Governor Godwin Obaseki did not draft Anti-Grazing Bill – CPS to PDP

["Governor Godwin Obaseki did not draft Anti-Grazing Bill \u2013 CPS to PDP\nHome / Government / Obaseki did not draft Anti-Grazing Bill, says Mayaki\nObaseki did not draft Anti-Grazing Bill, says Mayaki\nGovernor Godwin Obaseki of Edo state has denied having a hand in the Anti-Grazing Bill, which has passed its second reading, at the Edo House of Assembly, noting that the government\u2019s position on the bill would be made known at the public hearing.", "Governor Godwin Obaseki did not draft Anti-Grazing Bill \u2013 CPS to PDP\nThis was according to a statement by the Chief Press Secretary to the governor, Mr John Mayaki, who also explained that comments from the opposition party, People\u2019s Democratic Party (PDP), were severely misguided and stemmed from lack of proper investigation.\nMr Mayaki said, \u201cWhat PDP, in its characteristic manner, has failed to realise is that the Anti-Grazing Bill in the House of Assembly, which they have declaimed so much on, did not emanate from the executive, and is even a Private Member\u2019s bill.", "Governor Godwin Obaseki did not draft Anti-Grazing Bill \u2013 CPS to PDP\n\u201cThe government is well-aware of the terror concern in the state, but we are also making swift security moves to address the situation. The governor has called security meetings and even attended one in Abuja recently, to ensure that lasting solutions to the problem are being concluded.\u201d\nMeanwhile, he also noted that the Governor had ordered for a copy of the Bill, and that when he had studied it, his position would be made known at the public hearing scheduled for the Bill.", "Governor Godwin Obaseki did not draft Anti-Grazing Bill \u2013 CPS to PDP\nFurthermore, he strongly advised PDP Chairman, Chief Dan Orbih, to be less hasty in crafting criticisms, as there was a risk of criticizing a policy that was not even drawn by the government, adding that the danger of such conduct was imminent embarrassment to the opposition party.\nPUBLIC STATEMENT BY THE EDO STATE GOVERNMENT ON THE PROPOSED \u201cGRAZING BILL\u201d BEING CONSIDERED BY THE EDO STATE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLYEdo Govt aids family of late Council pensioner"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://casetext.com/case/gamble-v-tripp/case-summaries

Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com

["Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nOpinionSummariesCase details\nGamble v. Tripp\nWilliams v. Lowenthal\nWhen the action was instituted defendant was in default and had neither restored nor offered to restore the\u2026\nUnited Motor San Francisco Company v. Callander\nThe promissory note was dated December 23, 1911, and became due January 22, 1912, and the written notice of\u2026\nFull title:JAMES GAMBLE, Respondent, v. DWIGHT K. TRIPP et al., Appellants\nDate published: Aug 11, 1893\n33 P. 851", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nIn Gamble v. Tripp, 99 Cal. 223 [33 P. 851], four and one-half months elapsed before plaintiff gave notice of rescission.\nSummary of this case from Fabian v. Alphonzo E. Bell Corp.\nSee 1 Summary\nDepartment Two\nAppeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of the City and County of San Francisco.", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThe note having been secured by false representations was void. (Kellogg v. Steiner , 29 Wis. 626; Corby v. Weddle , 57 Mo. 452; Munson v. Nichols , 62 Ill. 111, Woods v. Hynes, 1 Scam. 103; Harrington v. Stratton, 22 Pick. 510.) A contract to pay for stock worthless at the time of sale will not be enforced. (Chanter v. Leese, 5 Mees. & W. 698; Kempson v. Saunders, 4 Bing. 5; Rice v. Goddard, 14 Pick. 293; Gifford v. Carvill , 29 Cal. 589; Parish v. Stone, 14 Pick. 198; 25 Am. Dec. 378.)", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nGalpin & Zeigler, for Appellants.\nW. H. L. Barnes, for Respondent.\nJUDGES: Belcher, C. Searls, C., and Haynes, C., concurred. McFarland, J., Fitzgerald, J., De Haven, J.\nBELCHER, Judge", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nOn the twenty-ninth day of July, 1875, the defendant, Dwight K. Tripp, executed and delivered to the plaintiff his promissory note for $ 5,885, payable sixty days after date, with interest at the rate of one per cent per month from maturity until paid", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThe consideration for the note was the sale by the payee to the maker of 2,140 shares of the capital stock of the Western Savings and Trust Company, a corporation organized under the laws of this state, and doing a banking business in the city and county of San Francisco; and to secure payment of the note, the certificates of the stock were left with the said company in pledge for the plaintiff.", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nOn the 15th of February, 1876, the plaintiff commenced this action to recover the amount due on the note, and to obtain a decree directing the sale of the said stock and the application of the proceeds of the sale to the payment of the judgment.", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\n852] the 29th of the same month, the defendant Tripp filed his answer to the complaint, alleging that to induce him to purchase the said stock and for the purpose of defrauding him, the plaintiff made to him certain representations and statements as to the condition and affairs of the said company, which were false, fraudulent, and untrue, and known by the plaintiff to be so at the time they were made, and that relying upon such representations and statements he was induced to purchase the said stock and in payment thereof to execute the said note; and also alleging, \"that as soon as he became fully informed of the condition and situation of the said Western Savings and Trust Company, and of the false and untruthful and fraudulent statements of the said plaintiff, he notified him thereof, and offered to surrender and deliver to him the said 2,140 shares of stock, and demanded the return of said note given therefor, revoking and rescinding his said agreement\"; and the prayer was \"that the contract existing", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nand deliver to him the said 2,140 shares of stock, and demanded the return of said note given therefor, revoking and rescinding his said agreement\"; and the prayer was \"that the contract existing between defendant and plaintiff sued upon be rescinded, and that the said plaintiff be ordered to surrender said note to this defendant, and that the said codefendant, Western Savings and Trust Company, be directed to surrender and deliver to said plaintiff the said 2,140 shares of stock,\" and for general relief.", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThe case was tried in December, 1891, and the court, among other things, found \"that all the allegations and averments of the plaintiff's complaint are true, and all the denials and allegations of the defendant's answer are untrue; that the plaintiff did not at or before the making and delivery to him by defendant of said promissory note, or ever, make to the defendant any representations or statements which were false, fraudulent, or untrue, or made for the purpose of defrauding the defendant, or that the defendant was induced to or did rely upon such alleged false and fraudulent representations or statements in respect to said Western Savings and Trust Company, or any or either of them; that the defendant after the commencement of this action, and not before, offered to rescind said transaction and to return to plaintiff said 2,140 shares of said capital stock of said company, and demanded the return to him of said promissory note\"; and as a conclusion of law that the plaintiff was entitled to judgment as", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nto plaintiff said 2,140 shares of said capital stock of said company, and demanded the return to him of said promissory note\"; and as a conclusion of law that the plaintiff was entitled to judgment as prayed for in his complaint.", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nJudgment was accordingly entered in favor of the plaintiff for the amount due on the note for principal and interest, aggregating $ 17,404.05, and for costs of suit, and also directing a sale of the stock and the application of the proceeds to the payment of the amount found due.\nFrom this judgment the defendant appealed and has brought the case here on a bill of exceptions.", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThe only specifications found in the bill of exceptions as to the insufficiency of the evidence to justify the findings are as follows: \"That the court erred in finding that the allegations of the plaintiff's complaint were true, and all the denials and allegations of the defendant's answer were untrue, inasmuch as the testimony does not disclose such a state of facts.\" \"That the findings are not borne out by the testimony, fraud, and misrepresentation in law having been proven by the defendant and his witnesses.\" These specifications are clearly insufficient to meet the requirements of section 648 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and the judgment cannot therefore be reversed on this ground", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nIf it were otherwise, however, the same result would necessarily follow. The evidence was conflicting in many respects, but that introduced by the plaintiff was amply sufficient to justify the findings.", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\n2. The appellant further contends that the stock when transferred to him was of no value, and hence that there was no consideration for the note, and he had a right to rescind the transaction without returning the certificates. In support of this position counsel cite Gifford v. Carvill , 29 Cal. 589.", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThe case cited was an action upon two promissory notes given for a part of the purchase-money for shares of stock in a mining company, and the defense was that the defendant was induced to purchase by the false and fraudulent representations of the plaintiff as to the value of the mines owned by the company issuing the stock. The court, speaking of the rescission of contracts, said: \"When the article is absolutely valueless for any purpose, it is not necessary to return it", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThis is on the ground that an article absolutely without any value is not the subject of a contract -- that it cannot afford any consideration for a promise, and the contract is nudum pactum -- absolutely void, ab initio, for want of a consideration to support it. But it is not enough that it shall be without value to the defendant", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nIf it is or may be of any value to either party, or if the detention would produce any loss or injury to the other party, the contract must be rescinded, and the property returned within a reasonable time after the discovery of the fraud.\"", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\n[33 P. 853] In this case there was no averment in the answer, or proof at the trial, that the stock sold by plaintiff to defendant was of no value at the time of the sale. On the contrary, it appears to have had a market and a supposed real value at that time", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThis being so, the defendant could only rescind his contract by doing so promptly upon discovering the facts which entitled him to rescind, and by restoring or offering to restore to the plaintiff everything of value which he had received under the contract. (Civ. Code, sec. 1691.)", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThe defendant testified: \"I believed when I bought the stock that the bank was sound and doing a legitimate banking business, as I was induced to believe from plaintiff's representations to me, and I accepted the position as director of the company or bank. In the course of a short time, and before my note became due, I discovered the true condition of the bank, and that the representations made by the plaintiff were false and untrue.\"", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThe note became due on the 27th of September, and the discovery was therefore before that time. The court found in effect that the defendant made no offer to rescind until after the commencement of the action; and this finding is not assailed. More than four and a half months then elapsed between the time of defendant's alleged discovery and his offer to rescind", "Gamble v. Tripp - Case Summaries - CaseText.com\nThis, in the absence of some excuse shown for the delay, was certainly not the prompt action required by the code, and therefore cannot be availed of."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://gyla.ge/en/post/aqciis-dros-dakavebuli-2-piris-saqme-batumis-saqalaqo-sasamartloshi-tsarmatebit-dasrulda

Successful completion of the case of two activists detained during the rally in Batumi

["Successful completion of the case of two activists detained during the rally in Batumi\nThe case of 2 persons detained during the rally was successfully completed in Batumi City Court\nOn September 1, the Batumi City Court successfully completed the hearing of the case of 2 activists whose interests were represented by GYLA.", "Successful completion of the case of two activists detained during the rally in Batumi\nThey were arrested on July 12, 2021, during a protest rally in front of the government building of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara in connection with the death of cameraman Lekso Lashkarava. The police arrested them based on Articles 166 and 173 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, which implies petty hooliganism and disobedience to a lawful demand of the police", "Successful completion of the case of two activists detained during the rally in Batumi\nAccording to the administrative violation protocols, \"the detainees were swearing, violating public order and did not obey the lawful demands of the police.\" However, the detainees were released from the isolator the next day based on a handwritten assurance note, and the protocols of the administrative violation were submitted to the Batumi City Court for consideration.", "Successful completion of the case of two activists detained during the rally in Batumi\nAt a hearing on September 1, 2021, the court, after examining the circumstances of the case, examining the video evidence, and hearing the parties' explanations, ruled that the detainees had not committed any act prohibited by law and ruled to terminate the proceedings in both parts.\nThe litigation of the case was possible with the financial support of the Open Society Foundation, within the framework of the project - \"Legal Aid Network for Activists\"."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.paulfrasercollectibles.com/blogs/art-photography/art-in-odd-places-5-famous-works-in-fields-sofas-and-thrift-store-frames

Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames

["Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nArt in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nThe Four Seasons Restaurant has always been the favourite eatery of New York's powerful elite, drawn not only by the exceptional fare but the opportunity to dine with Picasso.\nThe much-lauded artist's Le Tricorne, a monumental work painted on a stage curtain, has hung in the restaurant for over 50 years, and is believed to be the biggest Picasso in North America.", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nArt students have paid a month's-worth of tuition fees to come and sketch in its midst. Princesses have peered at it while dining on the finest foie-gras.\nYet the restaurant's owners are removing the painting to make way for repairs on the wall behind it, despite conservationists crying out with fears that the move could destroy it.\nBut Picasso wasn't the only one whose paintings have appeared in strange places - take a look at some of the greatest art discoveries in the most unusual corners of the globe.", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nEscape to Egypt\nThe $27,630 painting found in a sofa bed\nFlea markets are well known for unearthing some incredible bargains, so naturally a Berlin student headed in that direction when she needed a new couch for her university digs.\nThe one she settled for was a steal, and even folded out into a bed, making it perfect for student stopovers.\nYet as the hard-up fresher unfolded the sofa bed, she noticed a small oil painting inside...", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nEntitled \"Preparation to Escape to Egypt\", it was revealed to be the work of one of the followers of Carlo Saraceni, a Venetian painter whose career spanned the early 1600s.\nGiven it was found in Berlin, the painting was likely hidden from the Nazis during the second world war and forgotten about. However, it sold for $27,630 in Hamburg, making the student's university life a whole lot more comfortable.\nAll quiet...\nVery few pieces of ephemera from the film have survived the tests of time", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nLaura Stouffer knew she had picked up a bargain when she noticed a print of Albert Schneck's famous work Shepherd's Call in a thrift shop. An art dealer and collector, she guessed the owner was none the wiser and instantly bought it, knowing she could make a profit.\nHowever, when she removed the frame to clean the dust-caked print, another piece of paper fell from behind it\u2026\nThat sheet turned out to be the original window card from All Quiet on the Western Front - an extremely valuable piece.", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nOriginally worthless, it was probably used to back Schneck's work without a second thought. Yet as time passed, ephemera from the 1930 film was all-but destroyed and lost, and today any window cards from the film are worth upwards of $1,000.\nA rather peasant find\u2026\nFrench naval troops had to fight Greek brigands before they could present the prize to King Louis XVIII\nThere's few things more disheartening than digging a hole, only for your shovel to hit stone minutes later\u2026", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nUnless that stone is a priceless piece of Greek art.\nIn 1820, a Greek peasant was digging in one of his fields when he hit pay dirt. He unearthed a carved piece of stone and, pressing on, was soon in the possession of four Greek statues - three depicting messenger to the gods, Hermes, and one of the goddess Aphrodite.", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nThe news quickly spread and France immediately sent archaeologists to the site. The Aphrodite was purchased on behalf of King Louis XVIII, who renamed it the Venus de Milo, now one of the most famous works of ancient Greek sculpture.\nBelieved to have been created between 130 and 100 BC by Alexandros of Antioch, the sculpture has remained in the Louvre since its purchase.\nWe're guessing Yorgos Kentrotas, the peasant farmer, never had to dig another hole in his life.\nArtistic abandon", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nMarthe de Florian once dated the 'Master of Swish' as well as a few French presidents\nYou may remember this one from 2010\u2026\nAt the start of the second world war, a sumptuous Parisian apartment was abandoned by its lady owner, who fled to the safer climes of the south.\nHowever, rather than give up the home, which presumably had huge sentimental value for her, she maintained payments, leaving it to gather dust as a remarkable time capsule of pre-war splendour.", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nIt was only when the woman died in 2010 that authorities were given permission to enter the flat. Inside were hundreds of spectacular antiques and works of art, covered in sheets and thick films of dust.\nThe most valuable of those was a stunning painting by Italian artist Giovanni Boldini - AKA the \"Master of Swish\".", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nHowever, doubt was cast upon the painting's authenticity, as it was not recorded anywhere within his oeuvre. Only on further inspection of the home was a note discovered, signed by Boldini himself, that proved its authenticity.\nThe painting later made $2.5m at auction. It turned out to be a portrait of the owner's grandmother, Marthe de Florian, a Parisian actress and courtesan about whom almost nothing was known until the discovery.\nFrom valuation to Van Gogh", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nThis isn't the only Van Gogh to have surprised its owners - a British couple recently bought another for $3,000 off the internet\nVan Gogh's work is highly sought after by collectors, much of it now safely housed in museums across the world.\nNaturally, the next best option is to purchase a reproduction of his work - settling for second prize is as close as most of us will come.", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nIn the early 1990s, a middle-aged couple from Wisconsin called an art appraiser to their home to look at a piece of art they thought was valuable. Sadly, it wasn't.\nYet before he left, the appraiser's beady eyes caught the vivid colours of a Van Gogh work on the wall, which both he and the owners dismissed immediately as a reproduction.", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\nA closer inspection cast shadow on that idea, as the virtuosic brushstrokes of the Dutch artist made its identity apparent. A quick bit of research later and the couple were sitting on a $1.4m fortune - a fine addition to their impending retirement.\n\"It's discoveries like these that make collecting such an exciting hobby,\" says collectibles expert Paul Fraser, founder of Paul Fraser Collectibles.", "Art in odd places: 5 famous works in fields, sofas and thrift store frames\n\"While most of us will never afford a Picasso or Greek statue, you never know what you might find hidden away, and what stories that collectible might reveal.\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=Richard_Akerman&oldid=885716

Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)

["Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nRichard Akerman\nRevision as of 15:25, 1 October 2016 by Ait (talk | contribs)\nProfessor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nRICHARD AKERMAN, Honorary Member, died on February 23, 1922.\nHe was born in 1837 in Stockholm, where his father, Joachim Akerman, was professor at the Technical University.\nIn 1851 he entered the high school in Vesteras, and in 1855 the University of Upsala, from which he graduated as a mining engineer in 1860.", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nHe then entered the service of the Department of Commerce and graduated from the mining academy at Falun in 1862. The next year he was accepted as a student in the metallurgical section of \"Jernkontoret,\" and in 1864 he was made an assistant in the same section. Thus began the co-operation with the Jernkontoret which was to continue for so many years. He rendered valuable assistance to Professor V", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nEggertz in the preliminary work of preparing a handbook on blast- furnace practice, and also prepared a complete index to the Jernkontoret Annaler, covering the period 1817-1864.", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nIn 1865 he began a series of lectures on the metallurgy of iron at the mining academy at Falun, and in 1869 he was appointed instructor of mining and metallurgy at the Technical University, to which institution the higher education in mining engineering was transferred at that time. His career as a teacher of mining and metallurgy lasted until 1891.", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nIn 1877 he was appointed assistant professor, in 1883 acting professor, and in the same year dean of the mining college. In 1874 he was instructed by the Government to inspect the mining schools in Filipstad and Falun. During 1866-1867 he studied the iron industries of this country, United States, France, and Austria. In 1868 he visited the steelworks in Upper Silesia, the Rhine Province, and Westphalia", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nIn the same year he was appointed editor of the metallurgical section of the Jernkontorets Annaler, and from that time he was a constant contributor to the proceedings of that Society.", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nIn 1872 he served as a member of the Swedish Committee at the exhibition at Copenhagen, and also acted as judge. He received similar commissions in connection with the world expositions at Vienna in 1873, Philadelphia in 1876, and Paris in 1878.", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nIn 1891 he accepted the position of general manager and chief of the Bureau of Commerce, a position which he held until 1905. During that time he carried out many important public missions. He was appointed chairman of the committee for Sweden's participation in the World's Fair it Chicago, 1893; chairman or member of several committees connected with the Fairs in Stockholm in 1897, Paris 1900, and St. Louis 1904.", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nIn 1899 he was appointed chairman of the conference for international investigation of hydrography and biology of the waters around Norway, the North Sea, and the Baltic. On the termination of his services to the Bureau of Commerce he was appointed chairman of the Committee of Industrial Protection, and served in that capacity until 1909. He continued to serve the Technical University as a member of the Board from 1890 to 1908", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nIn spite of his other activities he found time to act as librarian of the Technical University from 1869 to 1874, and as a director of the Stora Kopperbergs Bergslag from 1874 to 1876.", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nIn 1901 he became a director of the Stora Kopperbergs Bergslags Aktiebolag; in 1911 its vice-chairman; and in 1915 chairman of the Board of Directors, which office he held until 1917.\nHe was also chairman of the Board of Directors of the Stockholm-Vasteras Bergslagens Railway from 1899 to 1917. He was one of the trustees of the Nobel Institute from 1902 and its vice-chairman from 1908 until his death.", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nFrom 1894 to 1897 he was vice-chairman of the Board of the Technical University in Stockholm. He was the recipient of numerous foreign orders and was an honorary member of a number of leading technical societies in Sweden, United States and Russia.", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nHe was elected an honorary member of the Iron and Steel Institute in 1875, and in 1885 he was awarded the Bessemer Gold Medal for his services in connection with the development of the metallurgy of iron and steel. He took great interest in the activities of the Institute and acted for a number of years in the capacity of Foreign Contributor", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\nIn 1898, when the Institute visited Stockholm, he served on the Reception Committee, and was largely responsible for the excellence of the arrangements made whereby the success of the meeting was assured. He contributed the following papers to the proceedings, of the Institute:", "Professor Richard Akerman (1837-1922)\n\"The Generation of Heat during the Bessemer Process,\" 1872. \"The most Recent Advances in the Manufacture of Iron and Steel as Illustrated by the Paris Exhibition,\" 1878. \"Hardening Iron and Steer, its Causes and Effects,\" 1879. \"Caspersson's Converter-Ladle,\" 1880. \"The Development of the Swedish Iron Industry,\" 1898.\n\u2191 1922 Iron and Steel Institute: Obituaries\nRetrieved from \"https://gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=Richard_Akerman&oldid=885716\"\nBiography - Academic\nIron and Steel Institute"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://bleedingcool.com/comics/william-stout-career-envy/

William Stout: A Career To Envy

["William Stout: A Career To Envy\nWilliam Stout: A Career To Envy\nby Joshua Stone\nThe first panel of SDCC 2017 for me was Dinosaurs, Monsters, Movies, and The Blues: Worlds of William Stout, and for my taste it couldn't have been a better first panel. This is William Stout's 48th San Diego Comic Con, which means he has been to every single one and whether you know it or not you've seen his work somewhere. Over his almost 50 year career he has created work on many different areas and this panel was an attempt to cover his career.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nStout started talking about attending Cal Arts in Los Angeles, and how they had a rule that if students had paid published work it could be substituted for homework, so he did everything he could to get published as much as possible and not do his homework.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nEarly in his career, Stout was able to work under Russ Manning and he even moved to New York to work for Harvey Kurtzman on Little Annie Fanny. His time in New York did not last long and he soon moved back to Los Angeles. Stout discussed his love of music and how he often bought bootleg records of artists he enjoyed", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nHe discussed how one time he commented when buying one that he wished the art on the covers was better and this led him to drawing album covers for the Trademark of Quality bootleg record label. The first he did was for the Rolling Stones All Meat Music Winter Tour 1973.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nStout also did the cover for the first bootleg release of The Who's Quadrophenia called Tales From The Who.\nStout's work on bootleg record covers led to him being hired by legendary Los Angeles based record label Rhino Records to design their logo, Rocky Rhino.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nAlong with the creating the logo for Rhino Records, Stout often drew album covers for them. Probably his most infamous piece of work in his entire career was the cover for BeatlSsongs! BeatleSongs! was an album filled with songs by various artists but not with covers of Beatles songs, but instead with songs about the Beatles. The cover included an image John Lennon's killer, Mark Chapman. Both Stout and Rhino Records received death threats as a result of this cover and even an article in People magazine.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nStout's career creating movie posters began in 1977 with his iconic poster of Ralph Bakshi's film Wizards. When Stout asked what they wanted from him he was told to draw the poster as if it was his own movie.\nOne of the most famous film posters that Stout did was for Monty Python's Life of Brian. Stout also did a poster for Monty Python's Meaning of Life which I had actually never seen before.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nIn 1978 Stout began his career as a film production designer, working on designs for a planned Buck Rogers trilogy. While the films were never made, the Buck Rogers tv show was made instead.\nOther films Stout did design work on included Conan the Barbarian, Conan the Destroyer, and the Masters of the Universe film. Below are couple images from the Conan films.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nStout has done a number of books filled with his art on dinosaurs over the years, and this led to him receiving a manuscript for Jurassic Park before the book was published. When Stout finished reading the book he discovered that Michael Crichton had acknowledged Stout as an inspiration for the book. Stout was eventually hired by Universal to do production design work for a sadly never made prime time television Jurassic Park animated series. Much of Stout's work on this can be found on the Internet.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nOther film or film related work that Stout showed off was this amazing drawing involving the Harry Potter characters. Stout was hired by Warner Brothers to work on merchandising for Harry Potter before the first film was ever made.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nStout did a full page pin-up of Hellboy in the third issue of Hellboy Weird Tales. Guillermo del Toro bought the piece and asked Stout to personally bring it to him so they could have meeting. At the meeting, Guillermo asked Stout to do the designs for a film he wanted to make, it would be called Pan\"s Labyrinth", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\n(I highly recommend The Making of Pan\"s Labyrinth by del Toro and Nick Nunziata, it is filled with Stout's designs.) During this initial meeting, del Toro received a phone call from Warner Brothers. Overhearing one side of the conversation, Stout heard del Toro say \"I would be honored, but I'm afraid I'll have to turn you down, I have to make my little Spanish film.\" What del Toro turned down in front of Stout was an offer to direct the next Harry Potter film.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nStout also discussed when he was hired to design a Wizard of Oz theme park for the state of Kansas. In Stout's online store he sells a sketchbook filled with various of Oz related sketches, including much of design work for the theme park as well as his design work on The Muppets Wizard of Oz.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nIn recent years Stout has been more focused on having his own adventures and also celebrating the music he loves the most. On the adventure front, Stout has made multiple trips to Antartica, even learning to scuba dive just so he could do it while he visited Antartica. He has some amazing paintings on his website of both modern and prehistoric Antarctica.\nOn the musc front Stout has released the first book,Legends of the Blues, of a planed three book series on the Blues.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nStout probably could have used another hour to go through all the pictures on his slide show, and he had to quickly go through probably 50 in rapid fire succession because time ran out, but the last image he left us with was a painting he called Amazing Grace. The image, see below, he says shows what an artist can do that a photographer never could.", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nWhile the panel is over, I want to highly recommend that you take the time to visit WilliamStout.com, not just for his amazing store and galleries of amazing art that cost nothing to look at on his site, but also because of his online journal. Stout has hundreds of entries going back to 2004, filled with stories on the creative process, amazing life experiences, memorials written about many amazing talents we have last in the last 13 years, and so much more", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nFor further musings from Joshua Stone, you can follow him on Twitter @1NerdyOne, but it is not required\nPosted in: Comics, san diego comic con | Tagged: beatles, Beatlesongs, conan, harry potter, monty python, pan's labyrinth, Rhino Records, sdcc, sdcc 2017, The Beatles, the rolling stones, The Who, william stout\nAbout Joshua Stone\nLatest by Joshua Stone\n\"Stumptown\" Team on Portland Influence, Deviating from Comics, Importance of Representation & More [INTERVIEW]", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nBleeding Cool sat down with the cast and creative behind ABC's \"Stumptown\" to talk Portland influence, deviating from the comics, representation, and more.\n\"Wynonna Earp\" Season 4: Behind the Scenes Drama, Favorite Moments, Size of Doc's \"Gun\" & More\nAll aboard the SYFY and IDW Entertainment \"Wynonna Earp\" SDCC 2019 panel - where the cast discuss the new season, fav moments, and other very cool stuff.\n\"SpongeBob SquarePants\" Team Talks Bikini Bottom's Past & Future [INTERVIEW]", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nBleeding Cool had the chance to sit down with \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" EP Marc Ceccarelli, Carolyn Lawrence, and Rodger Bumpass to discuss the show's future.\nThe Walking Dead Mystery Box of San Diego Comic-Con 2019 \u2013 9.8 Guaranteed\nOne of the most popular items available at SDCC 2019, Skybound sold-out on Saturday morning, was The Walking Dead Mystery Box. The box had a cost of $50,\nThe J. Scott Campbell Black Box Mystery Box Unboxing at San Diego Comic-Con 2019", "William Stout: A Career To Envy\nOne of the biggest draws of San Diego Comic-Con is of course the exclusives, but my favorite kind of exclusives are the mystery ones. In this case, while\n\"Legion\": FX Fearless Press Box SDCC 2019 Unboxing & Bill Sienkiewicz Signing [VIDEO, IMAGES]\nBleeding Cool was part of the FX Fearless activation at SDCC 2019, and now we unbox the \"Legion\" box - and look at Bill Sienkiewicz's signing."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://adc.library.usyd.edu.au/view?docId=law/xml-main-texts/p00087.xml;chunk.id=d652e33178;toc.id=LEVI21;database=ozlaw;collection=law;brand=ozlaw

"Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements"

["Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\nI. The Taxation of Foreign-Source Income of Australian Residents\nII. Australian-Origin Income of Non-Residents\nIII. Double Taxation Agreements\nChapter 17: Appendix A: Rules for Determining Source of Income of Non-Residents\n24.A44. Three cases that would be caught by the foregoing rules require special consideration.", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\n24.A45. The first case relates to the situation where a taxpayer settles property on himself for life with the remainder to other persons. Where the life interest is in the whole of the settled property, the property will be taxed on the death of the settlor or on an earlier dealing by him with the life estate and no tax need be imposed when the settlement is created", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\nIf the life interest is not in the whole of the settled property, then the value of that part to which the interest does not relate should be taxed as a gift at the time of the settlement.", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\n24.A46. The second case is where an existing interest is enlarged. For example, assume that A, B and C are each entitled to a third of the income from Blackacre during the life of C and that A and B are entitled to half of Blackacre on the death of C. Under the Committee's recommended rules, the whole or a fraction (greater than a third) of the value of Blackacre would be brought to tax on the death of C, half on the death of A and half on the death of B. The Committee recommends that where", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\n(a) an interest (whether for life, for a term of years or for the life of another or as a potential beneficiary under a discretionary trust) is determined, and\n(b) the whole or any part of the corpus is taxed to the person who was the holder of that interest, and\n(c) that person is absolutely entitled to the whole or a fraction of the corpus,", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\nthe amount of the corpus brought to tax should be limited to the amount by which the corpus deemed to have been disposed of by that person exceeds the amount of corpus to which that person is actually entitled. Under this exception, in the example given above, a third only of Blackacre will be brought to tax on the death of C, and a half on\neach of the deaths of A and B. The exemption ought not to be available if the entitlement to corpus is contingent or can be defeated by some means.", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\n24.A47. The third case is the protective trust. Such trusts are established for the benefit of a beneficiary (herein called the \u2018protected beneficiary\u2019) who is unable to manage his affairs properly or may be unduly influenced to his own disadvantage. Generally the trustee has a discretion as to distribution of income", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\nIf, on the death of a protected beneficiary who has had a life estate, three-quarters of the income derived during the life of the protected beneficiary has been distributed, three-quarters of the corpus will come to be taxed under the provisions recommended in paragraphs 24.A27 and 24.A31. In the meantime, the accumulated income will have resulted in tax being imposed by virtue of the provisions recommended in paragraph 24.A40. Such treatment, in the Committee's view, is inappropriate", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\nIn the case of a protective trust, the whole of the assets subject to the trust should be taxed on the occasion when the interest of the protected beneficiary is taxed under the provisions recommended in paragraph 24.A27. No tax should be imposed prior to this occasion by virtue of the provisions recommended in paragraph 24.A40.", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\n24.A48. In this discussion of limited interests it has been assumed that the holder acquired the interest in circumstances that did not involve his giving any consideration for the interest: he may have acquired the interest under a will or in an inter vivos settlement. If purchased interests are excluded from the proposed provisions, opportunities for tax avoidance will be created. Assume, for example, that a grandfather is near death and is giving instructions in regard to his will", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\nIf, by his will, he leaves a life estate in property to his son with remainder to the grandson, estate duty will be paid on the full value of the property on the death of the grandfather and again on the death of the son", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\nIf, instead, the son acquires, by purchase, a life estate in the property from the grandfather, and the grandfather leaves a legacy to the son of the amount paid for the life estate and the remainder interest to the grandson, estate duty will be paid on the full value of the property (the value of the remainder plus the amount paid by the son for the life interest) on the death of the grandfather but no estate duty will be paid on the value of the property on the death of the son", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\n24.A49. Where a life estate or an estate for the life of another or an interest in a discretionary trust is assigned, the estate or interest will be taxed at that point. No further tax need be charged on the expiry of the estate or interest or on any further dealing with it for adequate consideration.", "Australian Taxation of Foreign-Source Income and Double Taxation Agreements\n24.A50. The notion of limited interest is very wide and will include interests, for example that of a lessee of property, which arise in ordinary commercial transactions. It will be necessary to exclude from the operation of the proposed provisions interests that have been acquired by persons dealing with each other at arm's length in ordinary commercial transactions."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://harpers.org/2009/01/for-the-day-on-which-america-turns-a-page/

For the Day on Which America Turns a Page

["For the Day on Which America Turns a Page\nThe spirit of the time is felt by every individual with some difference, \u2014 to each one casting its light upon the objects nearest to his temper and habits of thought; \u2014 to one, coming in the shape of special reforms in the state; to another, in modifications of the various callings of men, and the customs of business; to a third, opening a new scope for literature and art; to a fourth, in philosophical insight; to a fifth, in the vast solitudes of prayer", "For the Day on Which America Turns a Page\nIt is in every form a protest against usage, and a search for principles. In all its movements, it is peaceable, and in the very lowest marked with a triumphant success. Of course, it rouses, the opposition of all which it judges and condemns, but it is too confident in its tone to comprehend an objection, and so builds no outworks for possible defence against contingent enemies. It has the step of Fate, and goes on existing like an oak or a river, because it must."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.sify.com/movies/terry-crews-addresses--america-s-got-talent--controversy-news-bollywood-ubysckjihbjci.html

Terry Crews addresses America's Got Talent controversy

["Terry Crews addresses America's Got Talent controversy\nWashington D.C. [USA], Jan 24 (ANI): American actor and comedian Terry Crews has spoken about the controversial exit of former America's Got Talent (AGT) celebrity judge Gabrielle Union.\nIn an interview with Us Weekly, the AGT host mentioned that in November Gabrielle was effectively fired from the show after raising concerns over insensitivities to women and people of colour, reported Fox News.\nGabrielle complained about having a toxic environment in the workplace.", "Terry Crews addresses America's Got Talent controversy\nHowever, in December Union took to her Twitter and explained about having a meeting with the team and that there will be a further investigation to get a deeper understanding of the facts.\nTerry said: \"It just was not my experience.\" He later added that in his twenty years of entertainment, it was the most diverse place and the best experience he ever had in his life.\nThe comedian further said that he was delighted with the diversity behind the AGT stage.", "Terry Crews addresses America's Got Talent controversy\n\"When they talk about diversity, there was every bit of diversity on set, everywhere. I have never been in a more diverse place in 20 years of entertainment, so what can I say?\" he added. (ANI)\nBest Films in 2021"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.essaycompany.com/essays/psychology/case-study-and-observation-research-methods

Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis

["Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nThis essay will look at difference between to research methods; Case Study and Observation. Case study is the understanding of the complex issues or can extend experience or add strength to what is already known through previous research. It is an in-depth study of an individual, group, incident or community. Case studies emphasize on the detailed analysis of the event or conditions and their relationship", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nSometimes researchers use the case study method for real life situations and use sources of evidence to prove their study. First step to take in case study is to collect all data about the case and should be organised to draw attention to important points in the case. The case study's questions are most likely to be information questions \"why \"and \"How \"therefore these questions are helpful to focus on the study's goal", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nIn case study researchers gather facts from different sources and conclusions is made of these facts. Here is a case study of the David's behaviour,\" David, 13 year old who has been admitted to a detention facility in California. Police reports indicate that he and another boy were arrested for breaking and entering into a private residence. David grew up in an upper middle class section of California", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nDavid's father is a professor at a college, and his mother, is a dentist who works for a health care group. Even as a small child, David seemed unable to restrain himself. He would bound around the house, crashing into walls and objects, frequently breaking items or destroying house plants. David entered puberty at the age of 11, and at that time, his behaviours became more destructive. He frequently got in fights with his classmates, and would verbally assault teachers", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nHis parents suspect that he may have tried smoking cigarettes and may have experimented with sniffing glue. After his arrest for breaking and entering, David began to cry and told his parents that he felt badly for what he had done. He added that he was unable to control himself.\"", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nIn David's case study which took long time to study David's behaviour from his childhood to his teenage and in different circumstances David's behaviour had changed and resources have been used to prove his behaviour such as his parents or police.", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nAnother example for case study research; it's Freud's little Hans case study, \"Freud used a case study method to investigate little Hans' Phobia however the case study was actually carried out by the boy's father who was a friend of Freud. Freud probably only met the boy once. The father reported to Freud via correspondence and Freud gave directions as how to deal with the situation based on his interpretations of his father's reports", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nFreud noted that it was the special relationship between Hans and his father that allowed the analysis to progress and for the discussions with the boy to be so detailed and so intimate. The first reports of Hans are when he was 3 years old. When Hans was almost 5, Han's father wrote to Freud explaining his concerns about Hans", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nHe described the main problem as follows:' he is afraid of horse will bite him in the street, at age 19 the not so little Hans appeared at Freud's consulting room having read his case history. Freud believed that the findings from the case little Hans supported his theories of child development.\"", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nObservation involves looking and listening to the object very carefully. Researchers in observation study an individual or group in their natural settings without being informed of the observation in advance. Observational data is usually detailed information about the particular person, groups or situations and revealing changes.", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nIn a non- participant observation researchers observe behaviour of the subject without interacting with the subject whereas in participant observation the researchers put themselves in the subject's position, so the researchers become part of the world of the subject meanwhile focusing on their study and in direct observation, people know that you are watching them, and there is concern that sometimes individuals change their actions while not showing what you are looking for or what they are really look like.", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nA research which led by Charlton, \"studied the effect of television on children's behaviour when it was introduced for the first time to an island of St Helena in mid-1990s, The researchers focused specifically on pro- and anti- social behaviour. Using video recording, they found that, compared with play ground observation on three to eight years olds made four months before television started, five year after its introduction there were 5 out of 64 measures showing a decrease in pro- social behaviour", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nHowever for boys, only there were significant increase on two pro-social measures and significant decrease on two anti-social measures. In other words, for boys at least there was almost as much positive as negative effect.\"", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nThe research led by Charlton was a naturalistic observation which is used to collect behavioural data in real life situations. The data gathering device in this research was video recording, which taped the children's interaction daily. There is another example of Whyte studies about Italian gang for Observation research study,", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\n\"Whyte studied an Italian street gang in Chicago by joining it. It was obvious Whyte was not a normal gang member. His 'cover' was that he was writing a book about the area. He made the famous statement that 'I began as a non-participating observer. As I became accepted into the community, I found myself becoming almost a non-observing participant'\"", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nWhyte research study was undisclosed participant observation. Whyte as an observer kept hidden his study about the gang from gang members; Whyte aimed the understanding of the gang by putting himself in their position and observed gang members in their natural setting, as they were busy in their everyday lives.", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nTwo ethical issues Consent and Deception, both are very important issues to concentrate on before deciding for a psychological research", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nConsent should be obtained in an early time of research; this would involves informing the participant about the grounds for the research and their role in the research however there are some cases where this is not required if the research is something in public where they would normally expect to be observed, they would need permission to be observed on the other side in deception, participants should never be deceived about any aspect of the study they are taking part in", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nOther ethical issues are, introduction where both sides confidence is needed between the researcher and the participants, and the data protection act protects participants in the research, therefore confidentiality and privacy is important to be agreed on both sides except in situation where the human life is in danger. And participants must be informed of their right to withdraw from the research at any stage of the research", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nAfter debriefing, participants have the right to ask for their details in the study to be destroyed in their presence. Participants should not be asked to risk their life in any circumstances during the study.", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nPublication is another important part of the ethical issues, it's the responsibility of the researcher to publish is his research, this is because if the research is failed which has costs lot of time and money someone else might have the same idea and might invest lots of time and money, which would be wasted.", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nIt's the researcher responsibility to monitor his colleagues in a research to ensure that code is being followed and if the researcher becomes aware of the participants problems in the study, so the researcher should refer them to someone qualified to advise them on the issue if the participants wish to.", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nIn Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment, participants were deceived and were physically harmed, they have not been informed properly about all that took place later in the research, therefore deception is not allowed in any circumstances and all that are going to take place in a research should be told to participant in a earlier stage. And the participants consent was not obtained before the research and participants have not been informed of the reason of the study", "Case Study and Observation Research Methods: An In-Depth Analysis\nThis involves informing the participant of the reasons for the study and what is expected of them. There are few cases where this is not required: if someone is doing something in public where they would normally expect to be observed, they are giving permission to be observed.\nhttp://www.holah.karoo.net/freud.htm"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://collins.thefreelibrary.com/

Wilkie Collins - The Free Library

["Wilkie Collins - The Free Library\nThe Free Library > Literature > Wilkie Collins\nWilkie Collins (1824 - 1889)\nWilliam Wilkie Collins was born in London on January 8, 1824, the oldest son of a fashionable artist. He was named after Sir David Wilkie, a friend of the family.\nAfter an early career in business, he studied law and was admitted to the bar, though he apparently never practiced. He also tried his hand at painting, and wrote many articles and stories that were published anonymously.", "Wilkie Collins - The Free Library\nA biography of his father was his first major published work, the success of which encouraged him to write for a living. His first novel, a historical work called Antonina or The Fall of Rome, was published in 1850.\nIn 1851, Collins was introduced to Charles Dickens by a mutual friend. The two formed a lasting friendship, and worked together on Dickens\u2019s magazines, Household Words and All the Year Round, where many of Collins\u2019s works appeared in serial form.", "Wilkie Collins - The Free Library\nCollins was one of the pioneers of the mystery and suspense genre, and his most famous novels include The Woman in White and The Moonstone. The latter was mostly dictated while he was bed-ridden and suffering from gout. He died in 1889.\nSuggested sites for Wilkie Collins:\nEncyclopedia article about Wilkie Collins\nTexts by Collins\nThe Frozen Deep\nA young girl who lives in fear of the return of a man she betrayed.\nThe Haunted Hotel", "Wilkie Collins - The Free Library\nFollowing the mysterious murder of her husband, Mrs. Ferrari receives an envelope from Venice that contains one thousand pounds.\nEmily befriends Francine, a schoolmate and tells her the story of her father's death. A teacher approaches, claiming to have known the man, and Emily begins her search for the truth regarding her father's mysterious death.\nLaw and the Lady", "Wilkie Collins - The Free Library\nValeria has married who she thinks to be Eustace Woodville, but finds out that his true name is Macallan. When no one will explain or answer her questions, she sets out to discover the truth herself.\nMan And Wife\nA woman who has promised to marry a man begins to wonder if she isn't already married to his friend. Critiques the ideas and conventions of Victorian society.\nMiss or Mrs.?\nThe Moonstone\nA detective mystery about the theft of a diamond from a shrine in India.\nMy Lady's Money", "Wilkie Collins - The Free Library\nA tale about the Jockey Club, the betting-ring, and a robbery.\nThe New Magdalen\nDuring the war between England and France, Grace, is killed and Mercy, a convict, assumes her identity.\nMagdalen Vanstone, an illegitimate child, struggles to reclaim her identity.\nA Rogue's Life", "Wilkie Collins - The Free Library\nFollows Frank Softly who is sent by a snobbish, but poor father to boarding school in the hopes of making a life for his son. After a time, Frank falls in love with the daughter of a doctor, only to find out that the doctor makes counterfeit coins. He is recruited to help, and after a series of misadventures, runs away with the doctor's daughter to Scotland and marries her. The law follows, and Frank is arrested and sent to Australia. After he is released, he is a rich man.\nThe Two Destinies", "Wilkie Collins - The Free Library\nGeorge traces the whereabouts of Mary, his childhood sweetheart, but Mary is recovering from a serious illness that changed her appearance.\nA drawing teacher, Walter Hartright, meets a mysterious woman in white, and stumbles upon a deadly scheme by Count Fosco."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.kccu.org/u-s/2021-10-07/the-remnants-of-one-of-the-nations-oldest-black-churches-have-just-been-found

Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg

["Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nThe remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches have just been found\nReginald F. Davis, from left, pastor of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Connie Matthews Harshaw, a member of First Baptist, and Jack Gary, Colonial Williamsburg's director of archaeology, stand at the brick-and-mortar foundation of one the oldest Black churches in the U.S. on Wednesday, Oct. 6, 2021, in Williamsburg, Va.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nWILLIAMSBURG, Va. \u2014 The brick foundation of one of the nation's oldest Black churches has been unearthed at Colonial Williamsburg, a living history museum in Virginia that continues to reckon with its past storytelling about the country's origins and the role of Black Americans.\nThe First Baptist Church was formed in 1776 by free and enslaved Black people. They initially met secretly in fields and under trees in defiance of laws that prevented African Americans from congregating.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nBy 1818, the church had its first building in the former colonial capital. The 16-foot by 20-foot (5-meter by 6-meter) structure was destroyed by a tornado in 1834.\nFirst Baptist's second structure, built in 1856, stood there for a century. But an expanding Colonial Williamsburg bought the property in 1956 and turned it into a parking lot.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nFirst Baptist Pastor Reginald F. Davis, whose church now stands elsewhere in Williamsburg, said the uncovering of the church's first home is \"a rediscovery of the humanity of a people.\"\n\"This helps to erase the historical and social amnesia that has afflicted this country for so many years,\" he said.\nColonial Williamsburg on Thursday announced that it had located the foundation after analyzing layers of soil and artifacts such as a one-cent coin.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nFor decades, Colonial Williamsburg had ignored the stories of colonial Black Americans. But in recent years, the museum has placed a growing emphasis on African-American history, while trying to attract more Black visitors.\nThe museum tells the story of Virginia's 18th century capital and includes more than 400 restored or reconstructed buildings. More than half of the 2,000 people who lived in Williamsburg in the late 18th century were Black \u2014 and many were enslaved.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nSharing stories of residents of color is a relatively new phenomenon at Colonial Williamsburg. It wasn't until 1979 when the museum began telling Black stories, and not until 2002 that it launched its American Indian Initiative.\nFirst Baptist has been at the center of an initiative to reintroduce African Americans to the museum. For instance, Colonial Williamsburg's historic conservation experts repaired the church's long-silenced bell several years ago.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nCongregants and museum archeologists are now plotting a way forward together on how best to excavate the site and to tell First Baptist's story. The relationship is starkly different from the one in the mid-20th Century.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\n\"Imagine being a child going to this church, and riding by and seeing a parking lot ... where possibly people you knew and loved are buried,\" said Connie Matthews Harshaw, a member of First Baptist. She is also board president of the Let Freedom Ring Foundation, which is aimed at preserving the church's history.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nColonial Williamsburg had paid for the property where the church had sat until the mid-1950s, and covered the costs of First Baptist building a new church. But the museum failed to tell its story despite its rich colonial history.\n\"It's a healing process ... to see it being uncovered,\" Harshaw said. \"And the community has really come together around this. And I'm talking Black and white.\"", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nThe excavation began last year. So far, 25 graves have been located based on the discoloration of the soil in areas where a plot was dug, according to Jack Gary, Colonial Williamsburg's director of archaeology.\nGary said some congregants have already expressed an interest in analyzing bones to get a better idea of the lives of the deceased and to discover familial connections. He said some graves appear to predate the building of the second church.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nIt's unclear exactly when First Baptist's first church was built. Some researchers have said it may already have been standing when it was offered to the congregation by Jesse Cole, a white man who owned the property at the time.\nFirst Baptist is mentioned in tax records from 1818 for an adjacent property.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nGary said the original foundation was confirmed by analyzing layers of soil and artifacts found in them. They included an one-cent coin from 1817 and copper pins that held together clothing in the early 18th century.\nColonial Williamsburg and the congregation want to eventually reconstruct the church.\n\"We want to make sure that we're telling the story in a way that's appropriate and accurate \u2014 and that they approve of the way we're telling that history,\" Gary said.", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nJody Lynn Allen, a history professor at the nearby College of William & Mary, said the excavation is part of a larger reckoning on race and slavery at historic sites across the world.\n\"It's not that all of a sudden, magically, these primary sources are appearing,\" Allen said. \"They've been in the archives or in people's basements or attics. But they weren't seen as valuable.\"", "Remnants of one of the nation's oldest Black churches found at Colonial Williamsburg\nAllen, who is on the board of First Baptist's Let Freedom Ring Foundation, said physical evidence like a church foundation can help people connect more strongly to the past.\n\"The fact that the church still exists \u2014 that it's still thriving \u2014 that story needs to be told,\" Allen said. \"People need to understand that there was a great resilience in the African American community.\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.timetravelclub.com.au/2015/01/

"The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia"

["The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nThe Merrimac Bunyip\nAlthough the 'bunyip' had generally been consigned to the realms of fantasy and folklore by the early 20th century (see my article on 19th-century Queensland sightings here), occasional speculation over mysterious water beasts still surfaced from time to time, such as when reports of crocodiles in Gold Coast waterways stirred up interest in the subject during the late 1920s.\nThe bunyip as described by Matt Heeb (below). (Brisbane Courier, 29 March 1929)", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nA part of Yugambeh country, the broad Merrimac Plain was home to a chain of lagoons named on early maps as the 'Great Swamp', fed by overflow from the Mudgeeraba and Bonogin Creeks which eventually joined with the Nerang River. Thomas Blacket Stephens - former mayor of South Brisbane - bought 6980 acres there in 1873", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nHe intended to drain the swamp to create grazing land for cattle, including a large drain through to the Wyangum Lagoon in 1882, but it proved to be a difficult task due to the depth of the waters. The swamp extended from the original Merrimac Estate property to Burleigh Waters.", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nBunyip tales were already well established in this area when Stephens took the land, and interest peaked with a series of incidents there during the 1920s and '30s. On one occasion, Luke Meyers claimed to have seen strange tracks and heard an unidentifiable animal call at Burleigh in 1928. He was part of a family that had lived near the Nerang River since the 1870s and was well aware of old accounts of a bunyip in the district, but was of the opinion that a crocodile was the real animal in those stories.", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nThis report prompted local resident Matt Heeb to recall a bunyip scare at the nearby Merrimac lagoon. Heeb had been shooting ducks there in 1886 and claimed to see have seen 'a monster with a very big rough mane coat and an enormous big rough long bushy tail' that dived among the water weeds near the bank", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nA local squatter made a verbal offer of \u00a31,000 to anyone who could get the bunyip dead or alive, prompting some serious search parties that were later recalled by Carl Lentz in his Memoirs and Some History (1961):", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\n'We explored those lagoons and part of the swamp. We had double shot guns loaded with swoon drops, we tried to find out its habits so we could try to catch it alive... Towards evening as we were getting ready to go home, William Laver called. When he saw the ducks he asked if we were the chaps shooting at the big lagoon, I said we were, and he asked how we got the ducks out. I told him I swam in and got them out. He said he would not go in there for a fiver, no, he would not go in there for any money..", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nif that fellow got you it would be the end of you... He said that Jack Stanfield was mysteriously losing foals about the big lagoon... Jack was manager of the Merry Mac Estate, they had a horse stud, mares and foals running around that big lagoon. As time went on the swamps were gradually drained off, except eastwards towards Burleigh Heads. Some returned soldiers from the Boer War were trying to get the monster, but with no success..", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nThere were also Bunyip hunters up the Little Tallebudgera Creek swamp, No.1 War veterans with the same results as the previous ones. It was too cunning and wary to be caught in those labyrinths there.'", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nLentz also concluded that the creature was a crocodile, an animal not too dissimilar to the one recalled by Matt Heeb, although a retired policeman claimed it was probably an otter.", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nThe Merrimac story prompted a group of Brisbane university students to explore the swamps in December 1929, and an article about this expedition featured the claim that there was a 'general belief' that the lagoon was connected to the ocean by an underground tunnel and the alleged bunyip was in fact a dugong", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nDemonstrating the inherent unreliability of folklore, another article about this same bunyip was printed in the Queenslander in 1934, but placed the 'big scare' in the 1890s instead of the 1880s and described local residents as:", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\n'telling weird tales of its blood curdling, nightly shrieking, described usually as something between a woman screaming and a bull bellowing. Some had claimed to have seen it, an awesome sight - something between a camel and a giraffe - with long,patchy, moss-like hair clinging to it, and one staunch soul had even watched it as it calmly walked across the sand terrace and disappeared into the sea", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nPublic curiosity about the local bunyip grew during the the development of a housing estate in North Burleigh area in the 1920s. There were reports of a loud 'boom - boom - boom' noise coming from the swamp each night following the construction of the Miami Hotel (1925) and a sanitary depot in the swamp area (1930), although these sounds were sometimes not heard for 12 months before starting up again", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nAccording to one local resident, reminiscing in 1938, 'local aborigines would pull up camp when the booming noises came from the swamp, referring to the 'Debil Debil'.' This large Yugambeh camp was on the 'old Racecourse flat midway between Burleigh and West Burleigh'.", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\n'Miami Hotel looking south westwards across the Great Swamp and the Hinterland', c. 1935. (Gold Coast Libraries)\nCould there be a geological or human source behind these sounds? A quick search found similar noises occurring at Cooma in NSW in 2015, and in various parts of North America (2015), so an environmental cause cannot be ruled out.", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nPart of the mystery behind some of the sightings was solved in 1938 when Charles Finamor, a council sanitary contractor, encountered a 3-metre crocodile lying in long grass at the north end of the Merrimac Swamp. The remains of a cow, with scattered bones, were lying nearby. Heber Longman, director of the Brisbane Museum, suggested that the crocodile must have escaped from captivity. As usual, this story kickstarted more speculation, and long-term Burleigh Heads resident W.R", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nClarke recalled hearing a 'deep booming sound from the undergrowth' near the swamp one day and finding tracks which he supposed to be a seal. He spent days afterwards trying to track down such a creature, but without luck.", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\n'Digging of canals on the Merrimac Estate, circa 1924'. (Gold Coast Libraries)\nOld resident Walter Lawty then recalled hearing 'unearthly howls from some animals on the rocks' there some 30 years earlier, and after meeting a boy who had just witnessed a large animal in the same vicinity he had packed his rifle and found and shot a 3-metre 'common grey seal'.", "The Merrimac Bunyip: A Tale of Mysterious Water Beasts in Early 20th Century Australia\nThe bunyip reports declined along with the swamps as land reclamation and drainage transformed the local landscape around Miami and North Burleigh and the area became more densely populated. It is now clear that a variety of 'exotic' creatures such as crocodiles and seals had occasionally found their way into those swamps, and unclear sightings and mysterious sounds were combined with Aboriginal lore to generate speculation about bunyips.\nHistory of 19th-century Queensland bunyip sightings"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.at/books?id=MvpOAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:STANFORD36105008369998&hl=de&output=html_text&lr=&as_brr=0&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3

Century Readings for a Course in American Literature

["Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nCentury Readings for a Course in American Literature\nherausgegeben von Fred Lewis Pattee\nCopyright, 1919, 1922, by\nTHE CENTURY CO,\nPRINTED IN U. S. A.\nINTRODUCTORY NOTE", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nThe recent manifestation of American patriotism, the new discovery by Europe of the soul of America, and the new insistence upon the teaching of Americanism in our schools and colleges, especially in those that for a time were under government control, has brought the study of American literature into the foreground as never before", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nMore and more clearly is it seen now that the American soul, the American conception of democracy,\u2014 Americanism, should be made prominent in our school curriculums, as a guard against the rising spirit of experimental lawlessness which has followed the great war, and as a guide to the generation now molding for the future. For courses in literature, as literature is now taught, handbooks are necessary", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nThe insistence now is not upon facts about authors and masterpieces, but upon the masterpieces themselves. The pupil must read wisely and intensively from the best work of the authors included in the course, and with the equipment of the average school or college library this is impossible", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nEach member of a large class cannot go to the library and draw the Poems of Longfellow when Longfellow is under consideration, or the writings of Poe or Lowell or Whitman or Burroughs when those authors are up for consideration, and the ordinary student is not able to buy for himself separate editions of the various classics comprehended in the course", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nThe only solution is a book of selections copious enough to illustrate the message and the style and the significance of each of the major authors and of each of the great phases of our literature.", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nThe present handbook attempts to furnish such material for teachers and students of American literature. It has been thought best to begin with the first genuinely American authors like Franklin and Freneau, men of the new Republic, and to go quickly to the major figures of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nThe selections have been made from three standpoints: first, literary excellence and originality; second, style and individuality of the author; and, third, light thrown upon the period of the author and upon the growth of the American spirit. The last of these has been kept .constantly in mind, for it has been considered by no means the least important of the three", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nThe book is not only a handbook illustrating American literary art and its gradual evolution during more than a century; it is, if the compiler has done what he considers his duty, a handbook in Americanism, an interpretation of the American spirit by those who have been our spiritual leaders and our Voices.", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nAn attempt has been made, and it is hoped with reasonable success, to illustrate the evolution of the American short story by presenting representative examples of this literary forin from each decade since Irving, and also the development of American society verse as well as other poetic forms. The best of the American patriotic songs have been included with notes explaining their origin and their early use", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nSeveral distinctive American documents like Washington's Farewell Address and Lincoln's Inaugurals have been given since it is believed from their perennial worth that they should be a part of the education of every American youth", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nAmerican criticism has been illustrated by examples from Poe, Lowell, Burroughs, Stedman, and Fiske; the chief American historians have been similarly represented; and the highest reach of American thought and American feeling and the American soul has been illustrated by many typical poems from the great leading voices during a century and more of American song,", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nFor the use of two hitherto unpublished pieces by Henry Cuyler Bunner,-- the lyric 'Written on Valentine's Day,' and the short story' Father Anastatius,'\u2014 the editor is indebted to Mrs. Bunner.", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nIn answer to a demand from many teachers in schools and colleges, there has been added to this volume representative selections from the writers of the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods of American Literature,-mate\u00e7ial to the extent of 114 pages. Every phase of the era of our beginnings has been touched and every selection has been chosen with a view of its fitness for class use", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nEnough, it is believed, is comprehended in this new material to furnish all that is necessary for a survey course in early American Literature. The classified index of the earlier volume has been dropped and in its place and for insertion at the front of the book has been prepared a complete outline for classes in literary forms with all the materials in the volume carefully classified by types", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nThe book therefore may be used as a handbook for courses in TYPES OF LITERATURE, in Short Story courses (there are thirty-five sketches and short stories arranged in the order of the evolution of the form), in The Essay (more examples of the form are here found than in most collections used as text-books), and in The TecHNIQUE OF Poetry.", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nThe author would take this opportunity to thank those teachers who so kindly have furnished him with lists of errors in the first edition of the book. In such a mass of material errors are difficult to avoid, but the careful scrutiny of hundreds of teachers who have used the volume has found, it is believed, the greater part of them", "Century Readings for a Course in American Literature\nEvery suggestion that has been offered by teachers has been carefully weighed and if possible followed, all errors so far as detected have been painstakingly removed, and everything practical has been done to make it an authoritative and usable handbook both for teachers and students. State College, Pa. March 22, 1922."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/news/local/middlesex-county/2014/07/15/perth-amboy-police-chief-investigation/12697215/

Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy

["Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nPerth Amboy probes police chief over affair\n@SRussellMyCJ\nPERTH AMBOY \u2013 Police Chief Benjamin Ruiz is being investigated by the city for alleged misconduct apparently in connection with his relationship with other city employees.\nAnd Ruiz's attorney is critical of the way the city is handling the investigation.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nIn a June 26 letter to city Business Administrator Gregory Fehrenbach, Ruiz's attorney, Vito A. Gagliardi Jr., asked the city to follow the state Attorney General's guidelines on investigations of police misconduct.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nGagliardi's letter states that in connection with the investigation, the city's investigator have more than once tried to persuade a city employee, with whom Ruiz had a child, to make false allegations of sexual assault against the chief and encouraged other city employees to make similar false allegations.\nGagliardi said he has not been presented with a list of allegations regarding Ruiz.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nGagliardi said the internal affairs policy and procedures in the guidelines provide that every law-enforcement agency is required to establish an internal affairs unit and all allegations of misconduct shall be \"thoroughly and objectively\" investigated by the internal affairs unit.\n\"The current witch hunt you have undertaken against Ruiz is clearly not objective, nor have you followed any of the necessary protocol,\" Gagliardi's letter states.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nHe added that policy and procedures require any complaints against a police chief to be documented and referred to the county prosecutor for investigation.\n\"You have improperly usurped the sole authority of the prosecutor to investigate complaints of misconduct by police chiefs,\" Gagliardi states in his letter, a copy of which also was sent to the Middlesex County Prosecutor's Office. A spokesperson for the Prosecutor's Office could not confirm or deny if an investigation into Ruiz is being conducted.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nGagliardi, reached by telephone Tuesday, said it's unlawful the way the city's investigation is being conducted. He said the city is not supposed to get private entities involved. He added that Ruiz denies any allegation of misconduct.\n\"The chief does not have anything to hide,\" he said.\nCity officials declined comment.\n\"We are not permitted to discuss personnel issues by law,\" city Law Director Mark Blunda said in an email response.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nAccording to Gagliardi's letter, the city recently hired a company to investigate certain alleged conduct by Ruiz during his tenure with the Perth Amboy Police Department.\nThe city last month hired Verita LLC, a Pennslyvania-based company, to conduct workplace review services in an amount not to exceed $9,000.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nAccording to the company's website, Verita provides independent and unbiased factual investigations of all types of workplace claims such as harassment, discrimination, retaliation, whistle blower, theft, misuse of company property, compliance violations and other employee misconduct.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\n\"Our investigators act as neutral fact-finders by conducting witness interviews and reviewing relevant documents related to the complaint. They then provide a detailed written report from which the employer, in consultation with its legal counsel, can determine exactly what happened, whether any company policy or law has been violated, and whether any appropriate disciplinary action is warranted,\" the website states.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nIn the letter, Gagliardi also demanded that the city end all aspects of the \"unlawful investigation\" and destroy any statements or other documents generated as part of the investigation.\n\"Should you fail to do so, we are poised to take swift legal action to vindicate Chief Ruiz's rights,\" Gagliardi's letter states.\nGagliardi said he has yet to receive a response from the city to his letter.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nFormer Council President Ken Balut, a retired police officer, said the city has yet to reveal the outcome of a 2013 investigation into allegations that Ruiz might have violated departmental rules and regulations by appearing in full uniform at a 2012 political function.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nIn a photograph last year sent to the Home News Tribune, Ruiz is pictured in uniform standing in front of a board where votes for the 2012 mayoral candidates are being checked. The photo was taken in a hall where supporters of Mayor Wilda Diaz were gathered.\nBalut has said Perth Amboy Police Department rules and regulations require police officers to act nonpartisan when in uniform. He said the photo makes it seem as if Ruiz is getting involved in politics.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nRuiz, however, has said he stayed at the city clerk's office after hours on Election Night 2012 until the polls closed and unofficial votes were tallied and sent to the county clerk's office and county election board. He handed out unofficial votes totals to members of the media, then went by some of the campaign headquarters to check for any campaign unrest.", "Perth Amboy police chief investigation sparks controversy\nRuiz has said he was off duty when he was questioned about the totals at the Diaz campaign gathering and the photo depicts him comparing totals with the sheets he had been handing out from the city clerk's office.\nCity officials reiterated that personnel issues cannot be discussed.\nStaff Writer Suzanne Russell: 732-565-7335; [email protected]"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.jazziz.com/tag/w-c-handy/

W.C. Handy: The Father of the Blues

["W.C. Handy: The Father of the Blues\nTag: W.C. Handy\nA short history of \u2026 \u201cSt. Louis Blues\u201d (W.C. Handy, 1914)\nW.C. Handy, often referred to as the Father of the Blues, first published \u201cSt. Louis\u2026\nMatt Micucci November 14, 2017", "W.C. Handy: The Father of the Blues\nW.C. Handy, often referred to as the Father of the Blues, first published \"St. Louis Blues,\" his most famous composition, in 1914. He later said: \"Well, they say life begins at forty. I wouldn't know. But I was forty the year 'St. Louis Blues' was composed and ever since my life has ... revolved around that composition.\" (Note: despite the title of the video on the player below, W.C. Handy recorded this version of \"St. Louis Blues\" in 1922.) Handy had arrived in St", "W.C. Handy: The Father of the Blues\nLouis, Missouri, in the early part of the 20th century and, according to Maureen O'Connor Kavanaugh, \"slept on the cobblestones of the levee until he found work as a musician.\" The song was allegedly inspired by his chance meeting with a woman who walked the streets of St", "W.C. Handy: The Father of the Blues\nLouis tormented by her husband's absence, wailing \"my man's got a heart like a rock cast in the sea.\" Tom Morgan observed that Handy \"drew inspiration for many of his songs from African-American words and music, so it is not surprising that he began to compose the theme to this woman's anguish.\" Since first appearing in 1914, \"St. Louis Blues\" has become one of the most famous, celebrated, and recorded jazz standards in history", "W.C. Handy: The Father of the Blues\nHandy recorded his best version of the song in 1922 and three years later, in 1926, Fats Waller would play it on a Victor Studio organ as his first ever solo recording. In 1925, Bessie Smith, the greatest blues singer of the time, recorded a stellar version of \"St. Louis Blues\" alongside a young cornet star named Louis Armstrong, who was setting the jazz world on fire with his exciting improvisations", "W.C. Handy: The Father of the Blues\nArmstrong would return to this song many times throughout his career, beginning with a version he recorded in 1929 with trumpeter Red Allen and trombonist J.C. Higginbotham. Both the 1925 and 1929 recordings were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame - the former in 1993 and the latter in 2008. \"St. Louis Blues\" has been called \"the jazzman's Hamlet,\" and recorded by countless artists, including Herbie Hancock, Dizzy Gillespie, the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra, and Greg Osby", "W.C. Handy: The Father of the Blues\nTed Gioia writes: \"Long before British rockers 'discovered' the blues in the 1960's, the Handy standard found favour in the United Kingdom, and in some unlikely locales: Edward VIII requested the tune from his Scottish pipers at Balmoral Castle, Prince George and Princess Marina of Greece danced to it at their 1934 wedding, and Queen Elizabeth called it one of her favourite songs.\" In France, guitarist Django Reinhardt played and recorded the song many times throughout the 30's", "W.C. Handy: The Father of the Blues\nWhen Nazi Germany occupied France, American songs became frowned upon, if not outright banned. In order to play them, Reinhardt and other musicians had to give them French names: \"St. Louis Blues\" became \"La Tristesse du saint Louis.\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.fact-index.com/r/ru/rupert_s_land.html

Rupert's Land

["Rupert's Land\nRupert's Land\nRupert's Land was a territory consisting of most of modern Canada. It was originally owned by the Hudson's Bay Company, and was named after Prince Rupert, the first governor of the company.\nThe charter granted to the Company by King Charles II gave it a monopoly over the watershed consisting of all rivers and streams flowing into Hudson Bay, an area of 3.9 million km\ufffd (1.5 million mi\ufffd), over one-third the area of modern-day Canada.", "Rupert's Land\nIn 1821, the North West Company of Montreal and the Hudson's Bay Company merged, with a combined territory that was further extended by a license to the watershed of the Arctic Ocean on the north and the Pacific Ocean on the west.\nIn 1870 the trade monopoly was abolished and trade in the region was opened to any entrepreneur. The company ceded Rupert's Land to the Dominion of Canada as the Northwest Territories.\nSee also: 49th parallel"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.daimonas.com/pages/impiety-laws.html

Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth

["Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nIn Australia... the Uk, France, Italy, new impiety laws (known by varying epithets) have been legislated into existence which, on the pretext of preventing racial and religious vilification, have become necessary to prevent Mohammedans from being \"vilified\" by having their religion exposed for the abomination it is. In the state of Victoria (Australia) the impiety laws are such that even if what is written is demonstrably true the author can still be prosecuted and jailed for \"vilification\"", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nIn 432 (BC) a law was passed in Athens that made it illegal to teach disbelief in the divine. One could believe in anything, in any god, by what ever name, but it was illegal to deny the existence of god by what ever name. The Athenian philosopher Protagoras was (according to the history that has come down to us) exiled from Athens because of what was considered a sceptical treatise on the gods; he questioned whether man is capable of knowing whether they exist", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nThe consequence of \"impiety\" laws is the limitation imposed on intellect. The example that best serves as demonstration of intellectual strangulation is that of Aristarchus. Aristarchus of Samos, the astronomer (also known as the mathematician) was the first to posit a heliocentric model of the cosmos, to replace the geocentric model. However his ideas found disfavour with the impiety laws. His only treatise to come down to us is his On the sizes and distances of the sun and moon (T. L", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nHeath's translation and commentary written a century ago is still in print, and still the best authority Amazon Link ). Although there is some debate as to whether Aristarchus did write such a treatise, Archimedes does refer to Aristarchus' treaty (so we must suppose that he wrote one). The problem Aristarchus encountered was his collision with Greek religion", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nEssentially, for the Greeks the idea of the divine was premised on the understanding that the earth had to be at the centre; it was the realm of imperfection and change, and to which everything was attracted (being the centre). The heavens however were perfect, eternal and unchanging. Earth was an imperfect facsimile of the cosmos", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nBy positing a heliocentric system Aristarchus in essence gutted the entire fabric of Greek religion, and demolished the Greek understanding of the \"phenomena\", like why objects fall to the centre (the idea of gravity, as we understand it, was not arrived at by the Greeks). Greek impiety laws put a limit on human intellect and what human intellect might consider. They were was a constraint on seeking the truth", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nContemporary thought has been hijacked by a religious intelligentsia posing as secular commentators seeking to permit toleration of alternate religious theories and gods to their own Christian ones. Distinct from the past (Greek example), Christian religion has been one in which no toleration of faiths alternative to it has been permitted", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nThe syncretism that distinguished the Greeks and which permitted them to worship any god (because it was understood it was the same god \"known\" differently) was forbidden - only god as expressed in the book of Judaism and its Christian addendum (the New Testament) was permissible. The heritage of the Judaeo-Christian religion has been a disaster for humanity - though one not nearly as great as the disaster of Islam. The Judaic religion demanded intolerance of other religions and of other gods", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nIntolerance was god-ordered on pain of divine punishment. The history of Christianity, based on the Judaic religion of intolerance has inspired humanity to commit atrocity after atrocity [ refer Hitler essay ]. It is on this understanding of the innate intolerance of the religion and the persecution of those who digressed from this religion's official dogma in the past, that contemporary European states have enacted laws to limit criticism of religion on an understanding based on their own ignorance", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nThe religion that they are seeking to protect from criticism, Islam, is a religion considerably more intolerant, more militant, more violent, more misanthropic, more misogynistic, more anti-intellectual than their own religion had ever been [ refer Islam essay ]. And ignorance of the history of that religion (for instance how Persia came to be converted from Zoroastrianism to Islam) is unknown", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nMotivated by the desire to feel remorse, in order to fulfil the Christian necessity to feel Christian guilt, the European Christian feigning empirical secularity would rather look at the Americas as the paradigm of their past actions - actions which being in the past they cannot change, but for which they feel they can atone", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nWhat is assumed to be known by the secular Christian is the tale of the conquest of the Americas by Christians and a concomitant assumption that Christianity alone has been responsible in perpetrating such actions. Christians, contrary to what they say, are betrayed by their acts of penance, however vociferously they insist that their actions instead result from their \"secular\" concern of their ignoble past.", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nThus, in true Christian spirit they use the past as something for which they have to pay Christian penance. For them, world events serve no purpose other than as something that they can use to whip themselves over and for which they can perform an act of penance. Instead of a secular concern, they are making their souls perfect in order to go straight to heaven. Then, they deny this.", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nWhat has resulted is a 'coalition' of sorts between Christians feigning a secular concern aligning themselves with high-profile Muslim leaders who assist them with campaigns of disinformation intended to reinforce 'western guilt' by claiming Islam to be a religion of peace. Here we have an alliance of the ignorant (Christians claiming secular motivation) and those who act with deliberate deceit (Mohammedans)", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nA contemporary lie is being perpetuated in which it is claimed, with sincerity, that those who criticise Islam are Christians expressing the same intolerance that compelled the committing of past atrocities. And with bewildering sincerity they thus assert that those who criticise Islam are generally Christian fundamentalists or \"racists\"!", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nIn a country like France which in the past championed human rights (and toward that end gave as a gift the Statue of Liberty to the United States) is penalizing those who dare to speak out. Michael Houellebecq, a French author, proffered the opinion that Islam is a stupid religion. Muslims in France brought charges of \"Racism\" against him (how can a religion be a \"race\"?). Ultimately Houellebecq was found guilty of \"insulting Islam.\".", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nYet when one considers that Islam is not a race and that Muslims brought charges of \"racism\" against him demonstrates irrevocably the stupidity of Islam.... and of a legal system that so arrived at the verdict it did.", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\n\"Under French law, Mr Houellebecq could be imprisoned for up to one year... if found guilty... Mr Houellebecq is being sued by four Muslim groups and a French human-rights group...\"\nWhat Houellebecq is quoted as saying: \"...believing in only one God was cretinous. I could not think of another word. And the stupidest religion of all is Islam.\"\nAge, 19/9/2002, from Telegraph, Guardian, Reuters.", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nIn France truth is now censored. I wonder when \"Liberty\" in Delacroix's famous painting will be covered over with the fundamentalist Mohammedan body-sack?\nITALIAN IMPIETY PROSECUTION\nIn Italy impiety legislation has culminated in the Persecution of Oriana Fallaci on the charge of \"insulting\" Islam.", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\n\"Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci, who has made waves by denouncing Islam in her books, is to face trial for purportedly insulting the Muslim faith... A judge refused a request by prosecutors to throw out the case, brought by the president of the Muslim Union of Italy, Adel Smith, and ordered magistrates to proceed in the matter, Agence France-Presse reported", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nThe magistrates have until tomorrow to formally charge Miss Fallaci, the author of \"The Rage and the Pride,\" a post-September 11 polemic over the dangers of Islamic extremism, with \"insulting religion.\"", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nMiss Fallaci, 74, who lives in New York, writes in her latest book that Europe is turning into \"an Islamic province, an Islamic colony\" and that \"to believe that a good Islam and a bad Islam exist goes against all reason.\" The attorney for the Muslim Union, Ugo Fanuzzi, said Miss Fallaci would have to answer first to the charge of insulting a religious faith, but he did not exclude that she could face charges of inciting hatred of religions", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nMiss Fallaci was sued in 2002 over \"The Rage and the Pride\" in a French court and accused of violating anti-racist laws. The case was dismissed on a technicality. Speaking to a Washington audience in October 2002, Miss Fallaci said the Islamic world is engaged in a cultural war with the West. \"The hate for the West swells like a fire fed by the wind,\" she said. \"The clash between us and them is not a military one. It is a cultural one, a religious one, and the worst is still to come.\"", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nFrom http://washingtontimes.com/world/20050524-100551-2231r.htm\nThe problem for the world is that Fallaci is correct in her assessment of Islam.\nWhat everyone should fear is the state's demand that religion be above criticism.\nAUSTRALIAN IMPIETY PROSECUTION (in imitation of UK laws)", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nAustralia is a nation which apes other nations, especially the UK. A month before Islam's \"statement of intent\", the 11 September atrocity against US civilians, the UK was proposing \"anti vilification\" laws: laws intended to prevent criticism of religion. This English idea found itself in Australia in the State of Victoria which in imitation of the English experience enacted its own version of the legislation.", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nUnder this law a group of Mohammedans, unhappy about the truth of the violence of their religion being discussed by a Christian group, brought before the courts this Christian group, Catch the Fire. Under this law two Christian Pastors have been found guilty of vilifying Islam because they spoke the truth: they claimed that Islam is a religion of hate and violence.", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nThe claims made by the Christians (Catch the Fire), against Muslims are mostly corroborated in the Koran [ refer Islam essay ]... The legislation\nin place in the Australian state of Victoria however actually states, that anything said, even if true, which might be seen to vilify another's religion, makes anyone exposing it a criminal, whether true or not.... and the only group whom the truth seems to hurt is Mohammedans.\nIt is a rather strange principle that only initiates can quote from the Koran, use", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nthose passages in a \"prayer hall\" and then deny these passages exist. And yet, a\nnon-initiate cannot read them out loud and say that they do exist for to do so means they will be prosecuted for exposing the lie.\nI can't understand a law that makes it illegal to quote from something that\nis available to everyone, a law which permits some group(s) of people to\nmake comment according to the state censor's criteria, but forbids others... This law deems it illegal for", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nthose of other religions to quote passages from the Koran which call for violence because it is seen as intolerance of that religion by analysing it!\nIt begs the question of why only those of that faith, Muslims, can read these same passages which incite hate and not be called to answer charges that they are inciting hate against non-Muslims.\nIslam breaches all of the principles of this Australian state's religious tolerance\nact. It vilifies other religions, particularly Jews and demands that", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nnon-Muslims be hunted down and killed. It should be banned. Anyone who\nreads the Koran cannot but be overwhelmed by the relentless vitriol with\nwhich Mohammed expresses his misogynisitic, misanthropic vision which is\npassed off as \"revelation\" by the deluded (believers). Simply because it is a\nreligion does not mean that it should be treated with any less contempt\nthan Nazism.\nCONSEQUENCE OF IMPIETY LAWS", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\n...I see the day coming when it becomes law in western societies that citizens are compelled to demonstrate respect for other faiths... ultimately even include laws that demand non-Muslim women, so as not to show disrespect to Islam, be compelled to wear some form of head dress... ... and art, be abandoned, unless it is non-figurative decor, so it does not offend Muslim sensibilities.\nThis is indeed happening:", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\n\"In Norway, where according to the newspaper Dagbladet, 65 percent of rapes last year were performed by \"non-Western immigrants\", a professor at Oslo University told women they must take their share of responsibility for the rapes because Muslim men found their dress provocative. \"Norwegian women must realise that we live in a multicultural society and adapt themselves to it,\" he said. It is in such ways that long fought-for freedoms begin to erode.\" Pamela Bone The Age 3/9/2002\nINTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nwas that although Gutnick resides in Australia and the journal is in the US, the online article could be read in Australia, and on these grounds the court ruled that it could be tried in Australia under the relevant Australian state's law because it affected his business reputation in the state he conducts business. ( http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/12/10/1039379819086.html?oneclick=true )\nThis established an international precedent. It applies globally.", "Impiety Laws: Limitation on Intellect and Censorship of Truth\nWhat is frightening is that anyone in any part of the world might write something considered illegal in another part of the world which means that what they write can be brought before the courts of the land in which that law is broken; and the author can then be tried and convicted by that country whose laws they have transgressed. There is nothing in this precedent to limit its application to defamation alone. What I write here would probably be illegal in Saudi Arabia. Think about it world!"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Void_(law).html

Void (law) - Black's Law Dictionary

["Void (law) - Black's Law Dictionary\nVoid (law)\nIn law, void means of no legal effect. An action, document or transaction which is void is of no legal effect whatsoever: an absolute nullity \u2014 the law treats it as if it had never existed or happened. The term void ab initio, which means \"to be treated as invalid from the outset,\" comes from adding the Latin phrase ab initio (from the beginning) as a qualifier. For example, in many jurisdictions where a person signs a contract under duress, that contract is treated as being void ab initio.", "Void (law) - Black's Law Dictionary\nBlack's Law Dictionary defines \"void\" as:[1]\nVoid. Null; ineffectual; nugatory; having no legal force or binding effect; unable, in law, to support the purpose for which it was intended.\nwhich means there is no legal obligation therefore there will be no breach of contract since the contract is null .\nThe dictionary further goes on to define void ab initio as:", "Void (law) - Black's Law Dictionary\nVoid ab initio. A contract is null from the beginning if it seriously offends law or public policy in contrast to a contract which is merely voidable at the election of one of the parties to the contract.\nIn practical terms, void is usually used in contradistinction to \"voidable\" and \"unenforceable\", the principal difference being that an action which is voidable remains valid until it is avoided.", "Void (law) - Black's Law Dictionary\nThe significance of this usually lies in the possibility of third party rights being acquired in good faith. For example, in Cundy v Lindsay (1878), a fraudster using the name Blenkarn posed as a retailer and induced Lindsay & Co to deliver 250 dozen linen handkerchiefs to him. Blenkarn then sold the handkerchiefs on to an innocent third party, Cundy, but Lindsay was never paid. Lindsay, claiming ownership of the handkerchiefs, sued Cundy for their return", "Void (law) - Black's Law Dictionary\nIf the contract of sale to Blenkarn was held to be voidable for fraud, then Lindsay & Co would only have recourse against the insolvent Blenkarn. However, if (as was held) the contract of sale was void ab initio, then title did not pass from Lindsay to Blenkarn in the first place, and Lindsay could claim back the handkerchiefs from Cundy as their property. Cundy was left with only a claim against the insolvent Blenkarn.", "Void (law) - Black's Law Dictionary\nIn every case, third parties involved with bad faith in void or voidable contracts not only are affected by nullity, but may also be liable for statutory damages.\nHowever, the right to avoid a voidable transaction can be lost (usually lost by delay). These are sometimes referred to as \"bars to rescission\". Such considerations do not apply to matters affected by absolute nullity, or void ab initio.\n\u2191 \"Void.\" Black's Law Dictionary, 2nd edition.\nLegal nullity"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.iheart.com/content/2021-10-22-robert-durst-charged-with-the-1982-murder-of-his-wife/

Robert Durst Charged With Second-Degree Murder In The 1982 Death Of His Wife

["Robert Durst Charged With Second-Degree Murder In The 1982 Death Of His Wife\nRobert Durst Charged With The 1982 Murder Of His Wife\nBy Bill Galluccio\nDisgraced real-estate heir Robert Durst has been charged with second-degree murder in the death of his wife Kathie Durst, who disappeared in 1982.", "Robert Durst Charged With Second-Degree Murder In The 1982 Death Of His Wife\n\"The Westchester County District Attorney's Office can confirm that a complaint charging Robert Durst with the murder of Kathleen Durst was filed in Lewisboro Town Court on October 19, 2021. We have no further comment at this time,\" the office of Westchester District Attorney Mimi Rocah said in a statement.\nKathie's body was never found, and she was officially pronounced dead in 2017 at the request of her family.", "Robert Durst Charged With Second-Degree Murder In The 1982 Death Of His Wife\n\"The defendant Robert Durst, at the above time and place, with the intent to cause the death of Kathleen McCormack Durst, caused the death of Kathleen McCormack Durst,\" the one-page complaint says.", "Robert Durst Charged With Second-Degree Murder In The 1982 Death Of His Wife\nLast week, the 78-year-old Durst was sentenced to life in prison for killing Susan Berman in 2000. During the trial, prosecutors said that Durst shot her because she threatened to confess that she helped him cover up the murder of his wife. They also introduced evidence from a previous trial in which Durst was acquitted of killing his neighbor in Galveston, Texas.", "Robert Durst Charged With Second-Degree Murder In The 1982 Death Of His Wife\nDurst has been dealing with multiple health issues in recent years. He was hospitalized with COVID-19 after he was sentenced and had to be put on a ventilator."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.historyvortex.org/dalek8.html

Death to the Daleks – Seven Keys to Doomsday

["Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nJune of 1974 was an interesting time for Doctor Who. Jon Pertwee, the longest serving Doctor at that point had left the program, and the search for a new Doctor to replace him was on. Although Tom Baker would eventually appear in the role of the Timelord in December, the TV hiatus between Jon Pertwee and Tom Baker saw the second Dalek stage play produced for the Christmas season", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nAnd as news of Tom Bakers casting had yet to be announced (\u201cRobot\u201d was filmed soon after \u201cPlanet of the Spiders\u201d), it was a simple matter to cast a different actor in the part of the Doctor. And so, one early December morning in 1974, at the Adelphi Theater in London, Trevor Martin, dressed in Pertwee\u2019s outfit (suggesting that he had just regenerated), stumbled out of the TARDIS, and \u201cDoctor Who and the Daleks in Seven Keys to Doomsday\u201d began", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThe story was written by outgoing script editor Terrance Dicks, and established many of the plot points that Dicks would re-use in his \u201cBrain of Morbius\u201d story for Tom Baker. The play ran for four weeks before touring the country until April 1975, but due to IRA bomb threats in London at that time attendance at Christmas plays were very poor", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nOf course it would not be keeping with \u201ccanon\u201d to suggest that there was another Doctor between Pertwee and Baker, and as with the two Doctor Who films, I have simply taken the plot points from the stage production and changed it to fit the Third Doctor and Sarah Jane. I hope you enjoy! \u2013JRR", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nWith both the Dalek Supreme and the Dalek task-force stranded on Spiridon, the Dalek plan to invade the Earth Federation had been delayed, but not defeated. From the planet\u2019s surface, the Dalek Supreme radioed to the orbiting transport crafts to send a rescue ship. A rescue shuttle was dispatched, and the Dalek Supreme returned to Skaro as salvage operations began to un-earth the buried army.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nOn Skaro the Thals celebrated their victory, unaware of the fate that the Daleks had in store for them. Frustrated with their own (as well as The Master\u2019s), failure, the Supreme Council decided that their only remaining course of action was genocide! If the Daleks could not conquer all life forms in the galaxy, then they would exterminate them", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nBut first, they had to take care of The Master! As part of his plan to earn the Daleks trust, The Master had provided the Daleks with a storehouse of technological advances, and a wealth of information; all stolen from the Matrix on Gallifrey. Using the temporal scanning devices that he himself gave to them, the Daleks tracked down the Master\u2019s TARDIS, trapping it on the planet Tersurus. Under-estimating their resolve, The Master was totally unprepared for the Dalek attack", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nUsing their temporal engineering skills the Dalek task-force trapped the Master\u2019s TARDIS in a relative temporal loop, trapping him for all time. Or so they though.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nEditor\u2019s Note: After his appearance in \u201cFrontier In Space\u201d actor Roger Delgado was killed in an auto accident while filming in Spain. The character of The Master would not be seen again in Doctor Who until the Tom Baker episode \u201cThe Deadly Assassin,\u201d where he was portrayed in a decaying form by Peter Pratt. There have been many explanations to account for the Master\u2019s condition. The on air explanation was that he had just used up his 12 regeneration\u2019s and was just at the end of his life", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nWhen Terrance Dicks novelized the story he explained The Master\u2019s condition as a result of forced regeneration by the Master\u2019s own doing for disguises. Recently John Peel put forward an interesting explanation in his novel \u201cLegacy of the Daleks,\u201d where The Master returns to 22nd century Earth 30 years after the Dalek Invasion. There he reactivates a Dalek factory (referred to in the story as a Dalek Artifact) in order to steal a Dalek transmuter", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nSusan, now working for Earth Security as a Peace Officer, is sent to investigate and encounters the Master (as well as her grandfather in his 8th incarnation). David is killed by the Master who steals the transmuter and forces Susan into his TARDIS, not knowing that she too is a TimeLord", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nOver come with grief and anger at the death of her husband, Susan uses the telepathic circuits of the Master\u2019s TARDIS to attack him, then shooting him with the Tissue Compression Eliminator, which causes the transmuter to explode, destroying the Master\u2019s body. Susan leaves the Master on Tersurus (where Goth finds him) and takes off in the Master\u2019s TARDIS", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nWhile an interesting plot (and explaining what happened to Susan), the story has far to many continuity flaws, and it is easier to just invasion that the Daleks hunted down the Master and \u201cexterminated\u201d him for his failure to start the Earth/Draconian war.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nNow with The Master out of the way the Daleks began work on their plan to rid the universe of all other life forms save their own. To that end they began working on two separate courses of attack. The first was an expansion of their viral technologies, which they had originally used to subjugate Earth and recently attempted to use on Spiridon. Dalek scientists began working to re-engineer their bio-weapons, creating the ultimate virus", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThe second line of attack concerned information provided to the Daleks by The Master. The Daleks now attacked that information with a vengeance, amassing reams of data on temporal physics, Timelord physiology, and universal theory. It was through these efforts that they learned of the planet Karn. According to the Timelord data banks, the inhabitants of Karn had destroyed themselves thousands of years past by creating an ultimate weapon", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThis device, when activated, could drain all the living energy from everything in its path. Powered by the Crystals of All Power, the inhabitants had used the weapon, turning Karn into a wasteland. The only surviving creatures, according to the databank, were a spices known as the Clawrantulars. Realizing that this race was no mach for the Daleks, plans were made to invade Karn and secure this weapon.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nMeanwhile, on Spiridon, Dalek units charged with the recovery of the Dalek army soon realized that the task was impossible. Abandoning the planet to the remaining Spirdoians, the task force headed back towards Skaro. However, while in deep space, the Dalek ships were attacked by an unknown force and destroyed, leaving only debris for the Federation Patrol ships to ponder over. Back on Skaro, scientists had completed the re engineering of their viral infection", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThis new strain was totally infectious and lethal, but unlike the version produced on Spiridon, it would not infect the Dalek mutant. Now ready for tests, the Daleks released the virus into the Skaroian atmosphere. Within days the Thal population began to die. Sickness and death ran rapid through Thal society; the few remaining Thal cities became ghost towns, as the bodies of the dead piled higher and higher", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThe Thals were once again driven off the planet, and retreated to the bases set up long ago on the outer planets. Satisfied with the results of the test, the Dalek Prime ordered the infestation of the Earth Federation. Armed with the virus, a small Dalek patrol ship left Skaro and headed out towards the outer rim of Federation territory. Loyal to the point of obsession, the three Daleks piloting the ship were ordered to crash onto the surface of the remote Federation trading outpost, Kryron", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThe crash drew the attention of the SSS, and investigators at the crash site were unknowingly infected with the Dalek virus. Returning to the outpost headquarters with their findings, the investigation teams unwillingly transmitted the virus to out going transport ships. Carrying cargo, minerals and the infection, the cargo ships spread the Dalek virus throughout the Federation", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nSoon an unknown disease infected outpost after outpost along the outer rim, and a plague quickly swept through the outer systems.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nOn Skaro the Dalek Prime was pleased that the plan was proceeding as expected. Although concerned by the loss of the Spiridon expedition, the outer worlds of the Federation were falling to the virus. Dalek estimates put the fall of the Federation at four years. At that point the entire Federation would have weaken enough so that conquest would be possible. The Daleks once again began building a space fleet", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nAs system after system fell victim to the Dalek plague, Federation scientists were unable to discover the source, let alone the cure of the virus. Soon it looked as if the inner worlds were about to succumb to the infection too. All outlook for the Federation was grim, until one day, while working desperately to find a cure, a scientists stationed on one of the outer system planets discovered that the mineral parrinium, when processed, could be used as an antidote as well as granting immunity to the virus", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nBut parrinium was rare on Earth, and the outlook of producing enough serum was grim. Fortunately a survey satellite scanning uncharted systems along the Draconian/Federation frontier detected a large supply of parrinium on the desolate planet Exxilon, home of a savagely hostile and degenerate race.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nA Marine Space Corps medical unit was dispatched at once, but soon ran into trouble when all power to their ship was suddenly drained as they approached the planet. Managing to land, the crew was immediately attacked by the Exxilons and their captain was wounded. Forced to set up a temporary base, the remaining crew began the slow process of mining the parrinium by hand, while constantly keeping a look out for hostile attacks", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nBack on Skaro the Dalek Prime realized that the discovery of parrinium could upset the Dalek plan. But instead of being upset by this new development, the Dalek Prime saw this as a way to further Dalek control in the galaxy", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nA special Dalek task force was dispatched to Exxilon, their orders simple, under the guise that the Daleks themselves were suffering from the same plague, the task force was to secure the parrinium, kill the Earth medical force and then infect the planet with the virus (thus making it useless as a source of parrinium). The Supreme Council, instead of using force to control the galaxy, would blackmail the Federation into submission", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nPlans were complete and soon the Dalek force left Skaro, on Exxilon however, the Doctor and Sarah Jane Smith, his new traveling companion, arrived\u2026", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\n\u2026On Exxilon, the Exxilons have rejected all technology since their perfect, automated City expelled them. The Doctor and Sarah are on their way to a holiday on Florana when the TARDIS is forced to land on the surface, drained of its power. While exploring their surrounding the Doctor is captured by the Exxilons and taken prisoner. The natives also try to capture Sarah, but she manages to fend off one of her attackers and finds herself wandering around the alien planet", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nMeanwhile the Doctor is rescued by a Marine Space Corps\u2019 medical force which had been set to the planet to mine parrinium. Their leader, Commander Stewart was wounded in an attack by the natives and so Lieutenant Peter Hamilton has taken charge. Meanwhile Sarah has wandered towards the ancient city, where is captured by the Exxilons, who worship the City, and is sentenced to death by the High Priest.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nBack at the medical unit\u2019s base, the Doctor is told about the space plague which has ravaged the outer systems and is about to suggest a way out of their situation when the sounds of the Earth relief ship is heard. Excited by the prospect of being rescued Hamilton, the Doctor and the rest of the medical unit, Dan Galloway, Jill Tarrant and Richard Railton, race to the landing site, leaving Commander Stewart alone", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nAt the landing site they soon discover, to their horror, that the ship that has just landed is not from Earth, but from Skaro. The Daleks exit their ship gun sticks blazing. But the Daleks are affected by the same power loss that has stranded the TARDIS and the Earth ship, and the Daleks find their weapons useless", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nClaiming that several of their own planets are suffering from the same plague, an uneasy alliance is formed between all parties brokered by the Doctor, who warns the medical unit not to trust them. On there was back to the mine workings the group is attacked and Hamilton is killed. The Daleks try to exterminate their attackers but the noise from their useless guns only anger the Exxilons who attack and destroy a Dalek unit", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nAll are captured by the Exxilons and are brought to their temple just as Sarah is about to be sacrificed. Attacking the High Priest, the Doctor is subdued and all are placed in a cell.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nBack at the Dalek ship, the reaming Daleks perfect a projectile weapon which is then mounted in place of their normal gun stick. The weapon proves effective when two natives try and attack the Dalek ship and are immediately gunned down. Rearmed the Daleks set out to conquer the planet. Back in the cave both the Doctor and Sarah are about to be sacrificed, but escape down a tunnel just as several Daleks, now armed with the projectile weapons, enter the temple firing.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nWhile exploring the tunnel system the Doctor and Sarah encounter Bellal, a friendly Exxilon who is a member of a breakaway group that no longer worships the City. The Doctor realizes that it is the city that is the cause of the planet wide power drain and convinces Bellal to help him break into the City. On the surface the Daleks have forced both the Exxilons and the medical unit personal to mine for the parrinium, while a special force investigates the city", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nWith Sarah\u2019s help, Jill steals the parrinium from the Daleks and loads it onto her ship. Inside the city, the Daleks are close behind the Doctor and Bellal, who must pass a series of test created by the City\u2019s in order to pass through into the control center. Once there the city intends to add them to it\u2019s library of knowledge. Rewiring the major circuits of the main computer however, the Doctor manages to destroy the computer\u2019s higher brain functions and the City begins to crumble", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nWith power restored the Daleks reveal their real plan and depart. Galloway, who was willing to do anything to get the parrinium, sacrifices his life to blow up the Dalek spaceship, saving the precious antidote for Humanity\u2026", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nEditor\u2019s Note: When episode one of \u201cDeath to the Daleks\u201d was first aired on February 23rd, 1974 television audiences saw the Daleks restored to their silver look not used since \u201cEvil of the Daleks\u201d aired in 1967. For this story the three working props on hand at the BBC were repainted and fitted with new gun-sticks, representing the Dalek\u2019s ability to think their way out of the problems presented in the story", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nIn addition the Dalek Saucer seen in this episode is based on earlier designs, giving the production an air of uniformity with the 60s stories.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\n\u2026When the Dalek ship exploded as it left Exxilon\u2019s orbit, the Federation received the much needed parrinium, and was able to stop the Dalek plague. The Dalek plan to invade the galaxy was once again delayed, but only for a short while. Soon reports reached the Dalek Prime that the Dalek task force sent to Karn has successfully secured the planet, and that the race of Clawrantulars have been completely subjugated.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nMeanwhile the activity of the Daleks had drawn the interests of the TimeLords. Since coming to their attention during the Doctor\u2019s trial on Gallifrey (the Second Doctor mentions his battles with the Daleks during his trial), the TimeLords had taken a modest interest in their activities. Wishing to remain true to their doctrine of non-interference, they had hardly interfered with Dalek plans", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nEven when information was provided to them that The Master had turned over several of their secrets to the Daleks, they chose not to see this as serious enough to break their sacred laws. But recent events in galactic history had shown the TimeLords that the Daleks were becoming a very dangerous race. Scrutinizing them a little more closely they noticed that the Daleks had taken a sudden interest in the ruins on the planet Karn", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nQuickly they discovered their plans to harness the power of the Crystals of Karn. This, the TimeLords were not about to allow, and the Celestial Intervention Agency was called into session. Realizing that the Doctor was familiar with Karn they contacted him\u2026", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\n\u2026Karn is a ruined planet, once the center of a great empire. The inhabitants had quarreled and the empire had died in flames. The Doctor, who had taken one crystal during a previous visit to the planet, now shows the crystal to Sarah, and explains to her that they must find six more exactly like it. While on the surface they meet Jedak, Tara and Garm, survivors of a mysterious alien attack.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nEditor\u2019s Note: As the original play was produced during the TV hiatus between Jon Pertwee and Tom Baker, the Doctor was given two new companions Jenny and Jimmy, who are sitting in the audience at the opening of the play and rush up on stage to help the newly regenerated Doctor. I have replaced them here with Sarah so not to confuse the continuity within the program.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThe ferocious Clawrantulars roam the planet, but the adventures manage to find two more crystals. Garm has the second and the third the Doctor finds in the ruins. While heading deeper into the ruins they are attacked by the Clawrantulars and Garm is killed, but not before they discover the fourth crystal. Inside the city, the only remaining piece of technology that remains working is the Master Computer, which learns of the alien intrusion and becomes interested in them", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nLearning what they are looking for the computer shows them that it has one of the crystals, but was programmed by the Masters of Karn to kill any who try to assemble the Crystal of All Power. It also reveals that one of the Grand Masters still lives. The Doctor confuses the computer allowing them to escape with its crystal.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThe Doctor suspects that the Masters of Karn broke up the Great Crystal to prevent its misuse. Realizing that the Clawrantulars are working for someone who wants to reassemble it, the Doctor hopes to convince the last Master that it is better left with the TimeLords for safekeeping. Jedak finds another crystal, making a total of six (though the first is safe in the TARDIS). Realizing that they need the Doctor if they are to assemble all seven crystals, the Daleks reveal themselves", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nTo escape, the Doctor sends Jedak and Tara off in one direction to try to find the Great Hall, while he and Sarah head off in another. The Doctor confronts the Grand Master and is forced to fight a mental duel with him for the final crystal. The Doctor wins. The Daleks arrive wanting the crystals, so the Doctor scatters six of them and the Daleks are distracted long enough for him and Sarah to escape to the TARDIS.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThe Daleks need the final crystal, and know that the Doctor will try to get the others back. Jedak stages a mock attack to occupy the Daleks. The Doctor manages to kill the guard Dalek and Sarah takes its place inside the travel machine. Getting them into the Dalek base Sarah is captured and taken to the Black Dalek.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nEditor\u2019s Note: In the original play Jenny is taken to the Emperor Dalek, who is heard but not seen. However I have chosen to replace him here with the Black Dalek because it was established in \u201cEvil of the Daleks\u201d that the Emperor was destroyed during the Civil War, and in fact is not mentioned again in the series until \u201cRemembrance of the Daleks,\u201d where it is revealed that Davros has taken over that mantle.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nThe Doctor discovers that Tara has been telling the Daleks what has been happening. They have captured her brother, Marko, and threatened to kill him unless she helps them. The doctor and his companions rescue Sarah and Marko, who know the Dalek plan to reactivate the Ultimate Weapon. The Doctor slips into the room where it is stored but the Daleks attack. Marko is killed and the rest captured", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nTo save them, the Doctor is forced to turn over the final crystal, but he has used the TARDIS to change its molecular structure. With the seven Crystal of All Power assembled the Daleks activate the weapon. The Ultimate Weapon blows up, destroying the Daleks. The Doctor and Sarah escape, taking Jedak and Tara back to their home world.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nIn Dalek Central Control on Skaro, the Dalek Prime and Dalek Supreme pondered over their loss once again at the hands of the Doctor. It was decided that if Dalek plans were to move forward then the Doctor must be eliminated once and for all", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nWith orders given to the scientific units, the Daleks began to enhance their temporal technologies so that they could not only be able to track the Doctor\u2019s presence within the vortex, as they had done so before (\u201cThe Chase\u201d), but also divert or possibly capture his TARDIS. As work began on enhancing their temporal barriers a problem was quickly discovered. Someone or something was attempting to alter Dalek history", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nAll of Skaro was put on high alert as the Daleks prepared to face their greatest challenge, interference with their very genesis by the TimeLords!", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nText and Concept \u00a9 1999, 2002 Visagraph Films International/John Rocco Roberto.\nRevised edition\u00a9 2003, 2005 John Rocco Roberto\nOriginal photographs \u00a9 2002 John Rocco Roberto.", "Death to the Daleks \u2013 Seven Keys to Doomsday\nSpecial thanks to Robert Moore for providing the video captures from \u201cThe Three Doctors\u201d and \u201cPlanet of the Daleks.\u201d \u201cDeath to the Daleks\u201d summary taken and adapted from \u201cThe Programme Guide\u201d by Jean-Marc Lofficier, Target Books, 1989. \u201cDoctor Who and the Daleks in Seven Keys to Doomsday\u201d story synopsis taken from \u201cThe Official Doctor Who and the Daleks Book\u201d by John Peel, St. Martin\u2019s Press, 1988."]

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https://maranathamedia.com/article/view/what-form-of-love-comprises-the-true-character-of-god-part-three-the-

What form of love comprises the true character of God?

["What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nArticles \u00bb General \u00bb\nWhat form of love comprises the true Character of God? (Part Three - The infiltration of Plato's `God is Eros' into early Christian thought.)\nPosted Dec 15, 2012 by kym Jones in General\nThis is the fourth in a series of articles on `The Last Generation'.", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nBy the time that Christ demonstrated Agape to the world on the cross, the world was so completely steeped in Eros, that its underlying principle of self soon began to gnaw at the truth of agape. This largely resulted from Alexander the Great conquering the known world in 331 B.C, and then setting himself to the task of Hellenizing it. Greek culture was so steeped in the principle of Eros, that everything the Greeks did represented the manner by which the perfection of God is represented to the world", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nBe it mathematics or architecture, the same principal applied. For instance, classical Greek architecture was based upon an irrational number known as the golden ratio, which was represented by the ratio of the length of a man's arm to the length of the body. That number was 1.618 . . . . , and is the ratio upon which the entire structure of which the Parthenon and the statues inside it were built - for the golden ratio represented the perfection of the divinity which they believed resides within us all.", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThe Maccabean Period began when when Antiochus Epiphanes IV, the last of the Seleucid Kings, continued in Alexander the Great's practice of the Hellenization of the countries which he conquered:", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n`Due to the cruelty and sacrilege of Antiochus Epiphanes in B.C. 175 - 164, there was a rising of the Jews under Mattathias and his five sons Johanan, Simon, Judas, Eleazar, and Jonathon. It was the design of Antiochus IV to Hellenize the Jews, indeed to obliterate the distinctiveness of Judaism, and to merge their religion into the cult of Jupiter, or Zeus, or into the lascivious rites of Syria. And, alas, there was a strong inclination among the Jews to be Hellenized", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThe high priest Jason was at the head of this faction, and apostasy was widespread. Altars were erected to Zeus throughout the Holy Land", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nAt the little town of Modin there was one of these, and when a Jew at the bidding of an emissary of Antiochus was about to offer a sacrifice to Zeus, Mattathias, an old priest, slew both the Jew and the emissary, and then he and his followers fled to the mountains and caves; but revolt had been raised, and on the death of Mattathias his sons antagonized the spreading paganism, and by valiant victories brought deliverance to Israel.' (`The Unfolding Drama of Redemption', W. G. Scroggie, 1953, pp. 27, 28.)", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThe Hellenization of Jewry soon infected the learned and quasi-intellectual, and the corruption of the One God of the Hebrews by Hellenistic conceptions of the One God and its associated doctrines of the divine origin of the soul was the inevitable result:", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n`The idea of the immortality of the soul was entering Jewish life . . . through the absorption of Greek philosophical ideas - in particular, Platonic notions of the immortal soul . . . Resurrection was the preserve of the disenfranchised classes of people who could not abide foreign domination. By contrast, immortality of the soul was adopted mainly by classes of people who learned Greek culture and benefited from it", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThey were deeply involved in Greek intellectual ideas, or were attempting to combine Judaism with the intellectual currents of their day. They would include Philo, Josephus, several other Jewish philosophical writers, and finally, the Pharisees, or more precisely the rabbis, as they gave up their sectarian status and became the ruling body in Jewish life", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nIn doing so the Pharisees synthesized the notion of an immortal soul with the notion of bodily resurrection.' (`The Resurrection: An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Resurrection of Jeus', S. Davis, D. Kendall, G. O'Collins, 1998, p. 102.)", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThe earliest records of the Jews beginning to believe in doctrines such as purgatory and the immortality of the soul most likely date to the Mishna, which is a Rabbinical book of oral tradition that is credited with originating with the return from the Exile to Babylon under King Cyrus the Great (536 B.C), but was not transcribed into written form until c 220 B.C, by Judah haNasi, at which the oral traditions of the Mishna became corrupted by the Hellenisation of Jewry which had begun with Antiochus some fifty years earlier", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nPlato had formulated his ideas about the One God of the Greeks about three centuries earlier, after travelling to Egypt, where he learnt of Moses and synthesised Hebraic views of the One God of the Bible, with the pantheist pagan equivalent of what later became the Christian Trinity:", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n[Plato], in his travels to the East, (whither he went for his improvement in knowledge), conversed with the Jews, and got some insight into the writings of Moses, and their other sacred books, he learned many things from them which the philosophers did not attain unto and therefore he is said by Numenius to be none other than Moses speaking Greek; and many of the ancient fathers speak of him to the same purpose.' (The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments with a Commentary and Critical Notes', Adam Clarke, 1834, p", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nOnce the Jews had adopted Plato's Hellenistic conceptions of the immortality of the soul, it was not such a short step to adopt the Hellenistic conception of the unity of the Godhead, as many Jews had begun to think that the Platonic view of the Godhead was perfectly reconcilable with Scripture, as recorded in the first five books of the Bible, by Moses. So by the third century A.D., this principle of the unity of the Godhead was being applied to the Christian Trinity:", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n`On the great elementary principle of Christianity, the unity of the Supreme God, this approximation had long been silently made. Celcus, in his celebrated controversy with Origen, asserts that this philosophical notion of the deity is perfectly reconciliable with Paganism. \"We also can place a Supreme Being above the world, and above all human things . . .", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nfor, with the belief in the gods, worshipped in every land and by every people, harmonises the belief in a Primal Being, a Supreme God, who has given to every land its guardian, to every people its presiding deity. The unity of the Supreme Being . . . . and the worship of all these different deities is reflected back to the Supreme God, who has appointed them, as it were, his delegates and representatives\"", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n' (`The History of Christianity, from the Birth of Christ, to the Abolition of Paganism in the Roman Empire', Vol. 1', H. Milman, 1840, p. 365.)", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nSo if we are to turn to any one person who most greatly influenced Jewish and Christian thought upon this issue, it is Philo of Alexandria (c 20 B.C - 50 A.D). Philo lived in Alexandria, Egypt, and his philosophies undoubtedly influenced the formation of the Catechetical School of Alexandria, which was a school of Christian priests and theologians who subjected the Scriptures to Greek philosophy and subsequently allegorized them", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nWhile one school of thought believes that this school was established about 180 A.D; Jerome (c 347 - 420 A.D), who translated the Scriptures into the Latin Vulgate, believed that the School of Alexandria was first established by Mark the Apostle, and the first dean of the school was St. Justus, who was baptized by Mark, and is regarded as the sixth bishop of Alexandria . The most notable deans of this school were Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 - c", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n215) and Origen (184 - 253 A.D), who are both regarded as Fathers of the Catholic Church and are largely responsible for not only influencing the Church apologists of the second century, but later Church Fathers as well; the most notable being St. Augustine of Hippo (354 - 430 A.D) and St. Thomas Aquinas (1225 - 1274 A.D).", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n`The apologists' enterprise of examining and defending Christianity in light of Greek philosophy was not entirely new. A century or more earlier the Jewish scholar Philo had attempted to wed Judaism and Greek philosophy in Egypt. His great influence there among both Jews and Gentile God-fearers probably helps to explain why Alexandrian Christians in the second and third centuries were most open to this project of explaining the Bible and Christian beliefs philosophically", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nSome of the apologists emulated Philo's positive evaluation of Greek philosophers. Philo, for instance, had taught that Plato's philosophy and Moses' teachings were both based upon divine revelation and at heart were similar if not identical. In order to make this work he had to interpret the Hebrew Scriptures allegorically. By using that method, he was able to blend Greek and Hebrew ways of thinking about God, creation and humanity", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nPhilo's approach to Jewish thought was already widely accepted (though not without controversy) among Jews of the Diaspora and Christian apologists of the second century built on that foundation in order to show a similar consistency between the best of Hellenistic thought and their own fairly sophisticated versions of the Christian message.' (`The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition and Reform', R. Olsen, 1999, p. 55.)", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nBy the time that St. Augustine, the celebrated Doctor of the Catholic Church further influenced the development of Catholic theology in the fourth century, Agape had flourished briefly with the advent of the disciples of Christ, but was then poisoned by Eros as the doctrine of the natural immortality of the soul began to gain ascendancy in the Church - and thus the doctrine of the resurrection of Christ and the hope of the second coming was made of none effect", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nIt is from the pen of Augustine that we find the doctrine of original sin, and the conception of `Just War', which synthesised Roman military ethics with Greek philosophy. It teaches that any military quest should meet philosophical, religious and political criteria. It became the philosophical basis of the Crusades, and the inquisition. Thus this principal of force became the birthright of the Church, and set the stage for the rise of the little horn power of Daniel chapter 7", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nIt is demonstrated by Julius Caesar, who according to the Greek historian Plutarch (c. 46 - 120 A.D), uttered the words vini, vidi, vici'; which translates to `I came, I saw, I conquered'.", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThe principal of force entered the Church when Augustine had attempted to synthesize agape with eros and called it caritas; which means charity; or lovingkindness. Augustine retained the egocentric idea of the Greeks by stipulating that salvation can be achieved by human effort. He believed that eros (or works) is enriched by agape (or faith) by transcending it; and thus caritas is the manner by which God reveals himself to us, if we emulate Him in a faith by which our works save us:", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n`Eros and Grace are not simply conflated in caritas: eros is elevated and transfigured by grace , not destroyed, but redeemed. `Amor tuus migret': `Your love migrates', says Augustine, and finds its focus in God. `Venit Christus mutare amorem': Christ came to transform love. For Augustine, it is a matter of dilectio ordinata: love redeemed by grace.' (`Augustine and his critics',Robert Dodaro, 2000, p. 39.)", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nClearly, Augustine saw that there is really only one form of love, and that is Eros; for Eros is redeemed by grace (agape). Over the intervening one and a half millenia, little has changed, for Pope Benedict XVI's First Encyclical Letter reaffirms Augustine's synthesis of Eros with Agape, and makes the point that there is one love only and that is Eros!", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n`We have seen that God's eros for man is also totally agape. This is not because it is bestowed in a completely gratuituous manner, without any previous merit, but also because it is a love which forgives' (Pope Benedict XVI, `Deus Caritas Est #10.)\nAs the following statement suggests - according to Pope Benedict, Eros is the only form of love there is, and all other forms of love - including Agape, are merely `a variety of dimensions that are all necessary in order to sustain the full meaning of love.'", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n`The point of this early section of the encyclical is to insist that, although the terms eros and agape may set into relief different aspects of love, in the end they do not represent different kinds of love. Rather, as the pope states forcefully at the outset of the encyclical, there is ultimately just one love, with a variety of dimensions that are all necessary in order to sustain the full meaning of love", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nIf we separate these dimensions from one another, however pure or laudable our motives may be, we will end up distorting love and, at the very least, depriving it of its vitality. \u201cFundamentally,\u201d the pope writes, \u201c\u2018love\u2019 is a single reality, but with different dimensions; at different times, one or [an]other dimension may emerge more clearly. Yet when the two dimensions are totally cut off from one another, the result is a caricature or at least an impoverished form of love\u201d (DCE, 8)", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThis may seem obvious, but let us consider what it implies: if the dimensions of love are intrinsically necessary to one another, it is not enough simply to say that the desire we associate with eros and the generosity we associate with agape need to be balanced against one another", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nInstead, it means that desire is not truly desire unless it is also generous, and generosity is not truly generous unless it is also filled with desire.'(`The Redemption of Eros: Philosophical Reflections on Benedict XVI's Firs Encyclical', D. C. Schindler, p. 378.)", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThus, if we look at a broad overview of history, and begin with with the first of the four world kingdoms which are described in the books of Daniel and Revelation, eventually we find that eventually Eros gains ascendency over Agape with the formation of the Papacy", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nIt is in ancient Babylon where the Bible first demonstrates the principle of Eros in action; for it was at the Tower of Babel where Nimrod first used the principle of force and fear; which is to say that while on the one hand he forced his people to worship him as the reincarnation of the sun; on the other, many willingly did so because they feared another flood. Yet in speaking of the principle of Agape, John the beloved disciple of Christ tells us that:", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n`Herein is our agape made perfect, that we may have boldness in the day of judgment: because as he is, so are we in this world. There is no fear in agape; but perfect agape casteth out fear: because fear hath torment. He that feareth is not made perfect in agape.' (1 John 4:17,18)", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThus, the primary element of Eros is fear - the fear of God, and the fear of being lost. What did Adam do when he first sinned? He hid from God in fear! He blamed Eve for sinning, and Eve blamed the Serpent! John had previously informed us in his epistle, that he who does not love with agape does not know God, for God is agape! (1 John 4:8)", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nWhen the Medes and the Persians overran Babylon, the same raw pagan principles were applied and Eros was perpetuated. These same pagan principles which encapsulated Eros were also applied when pagan Rome overthrew Greece. However, by then Rome had already assimilated Greek culture; so when Alexander the Great Defeated the Persian King Darius the Third in 331 B.C, the scenario changed", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThe Hellenization of the western world had begun, and the principle of Eros entered the early Christian Church through the willing conduit of Hellenized Jewry. Philo of Alexandria's teachings on the natural immortality of the soul, the Greek conception of the unity of the Godhead, and the allegorization of the Hebrew Scriptures became the basis of Greek philosophical thought that gave rise to the Papacy through the influence of the Catechetical School of Alexandria. The `little horn' power of Daniel ch", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n7 and 8 then gained ascendency for the next 1260 years. Have you ever wondered precisely why the beast in Revelation 13:2 is described as `like unto a leopard'", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n? The answer is that not only did Alexander Hellenize the culture of the western world, but the Greek philosophical conception on the unity of the Godhead became the basis of semi-paganised Christianity, in the form of the Papacy. Unfortunately, as the Seventh-Day Advent Church is now a Trinitarian Church, Seventh-Day Adventists do not comprehend this, for in this one small prophecy, which is found in Revelation 13:2, we see the formation of the so-called Christian Trinity!", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThe principle of Eros found itself perpetuated in Catholic thought until the Reformation, when the principle of Agape enjoyed a brief resurgence under Martin Luther, when he declared that `The just shall live by faith'", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nBut Luther could only go so far, and as the Protestant Churches never rescinded their belief in the pagan conceptions of the doctrines of the natural immortality of the soul and the Trinity; as each Church came out of the next, so also did each Church then form a Creed - at which they stultified and died, as they effectively decided that there was no more light to give them! That is, until the early 1880's, when two men by the names of Ellet J. Waggoner and Alonzo T", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nAlthough (to my knowledge) they never used the words Agape or Eros, nevertheless; their writings are imbued with the basic principle of agape; which is the unconditional love which the Father and the Son have for us; for Christ is near to us, we do not need to go in search of Him so that we might find Him", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n! This is but one of many reasons why Ellen White recognized the true Righteousness of Christ in their discourses when she heard it, and declared that the sermons which these two men gave at the watershed Minneapolis Conference, was `the beginning of the Latter Rain':", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\n`The Lord in His great mercy sent a most precious message to His people through Elders Waggoner and Jones. This message was to bring more prominently before the world the uplifted Saviour, the sacrifice for the sins of the whole world. It presented justification through faith in the Surety; it invited the people to receive the righteousness of Christ, which is made manifest in obedience to all the commandments of God. Many had lost sight of Jesus", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nThey needed to have their eyes directed to His divine person, His merits, and His changeless love for the human family. All power is given into His hands, that He may dispense rich gifts unto men, imparting the priceless gift of His own righteousness to the helpless human agent. This is the message that God commanded to be given to the world. It is the third angel's message, which is to be proclaimed with a loud voice, and attended with the outpouring of His Spirit in a large measure", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nIn the last fifty years, the germinal seeds which these two men sowed at Minneapolis, has grown into a theology which has its basis in the apostolic teachings of Scripture. It is a theology which teaches of the true character of God; which is to say that `God is agape'. God cannot be a synthesis of Agape and Eros, for if this were possible, God would still be Eros, for any corruption of Agape with Eros degrades it to becoming Eros", "What form of love comprises the true character of God?\nHere are the other articles in this series:\nThe Last Generation - part one\nWhat form of love comprises the true Character of God? (Part Two - The disciples conception of the character of God - God is agape.)\nWhat form of love comprises the true Character of God? (Part Three- Plato's conception of the character of God - `God is Eros')\n`The Last Message of Mercy'"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/feb/12/designs-year-2012-museum-review

Designs of the Year 2012 – review

["Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nThe ObserverDesign\nDesigns of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nThe Design Museum's annual awards show is absorbing, but doubts persist about plans for its new London HQ\nMassoud Hassani's award-winning landmine detonator. Photograph: Jeroen Van Oirschot\nRowan Moore\nSat 11 Feb 2012 19.05 EST", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nThe Comte de Lautr\u00e9amont, the French-Uruguayan poet who became a hero to the surrealists, once wrote of the beauty of the \"chance meeting on a dissecting table of a sewing machine and an umbrella\". It is hard to forget this line when touring the Design Museum's Designs of the Year show. Here, too, disparate artefacts are brought together with apparent randomness, leaving you to scrutinise what meaning, if any, lies behind the collection.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nThus you find Kate Middleton's wedding dress, the Stanley Parable video game, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the torch for the 2012 Olympics, a care home in Belgium and a film promoting the fashion designer Gareth Pugh. There is an ambulance that could save lives and money, and something which, looking from afar like a giant 60s-style light fitting, is actually a low-cost device for clearing landmines.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nSomehow, in a process that describes itself as \"the Oscars of the design world\", a panel of \"high-profile judges\" will have to choose an ultimate winner from this array. All awards have a degree of arbitrariness, which is part of their attraction and their provocation, but the Designs of the Year more than most. Still, it makes for a diverting if wandering exhibition.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nCertain themes do emerge. There is an undercurrent of affection for tradition, for things made well, and of real stuff, such as the Oak Inside range of furniture based on 400-year-old Dutch designs, and the remaking for women of the traditional men's coat, the Crombie. There is an edgy stand-off between things digital and things physical, with apps and websites celebrated alongside works that defiantly reassert the value of printing or drawing by hand", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nAs is now usual in this annual show, some of the more impressive pieces of design are not only the official entries but the iPads on which they are exhibited.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nAbove all there is a desire for \"design with a conscience\", a wish to do more than create a slightly more stylish light fitting than the next person or help sell a few more frocks. Design covers everything from the ultra-frivolous to the deadly serious and the current mood favours the latter", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nIt is a safe bet that the Gareth Pugh fashion film will not win, and the tone is set by the promotional graphics for a Dutch conference called What Design Can Do! These graphics are a few steps from applied reality, being only pieces of paper about a discussion about the ways that design might be useful, but they set out an aspiration.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nMore directly helpful might be such things as the Solar Sinter, a mobile device for making objects out of sand and solar power in deserts; a bicycle storage facility; the ambulance; and Autolib, the public hire scheme in Paris that enables people to pick up electric cars in the same way the city's V\u00e9lib \u2013 imitated by London's Boris bikes \u2013 does with bicycles", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nThere is also Vivienne Westwood's Ethical Fashion Africa collection of bags, made of recycled materials, which \"provides long-term work to women in marginalised communities\" in Nairobi.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nThis admirable exhibit is only slightly spoiled by the inevitable snap of Dame Vivienne grinning in front of a crowd of Africans: wouldn't it be nice if, just once, celebrities who aim to support the disadvantaged would modestly put the people they are helping in the centre and themselves at the side?", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nA question that hovers over much of the exhibition is whether all the inventions on show will really, truly do all the things they hope to do and on a significant scale. Many are untested, and awaiting the investment necessary to have an effect. Projects such as Autolib, which are up and running, therefore stand out.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nThere is also a case for making the Boeing Dreamliner the winner. Boeing says it is the fastest-selling airliner in history, with more than 800 on order, and thanks to its use of lightweight composite materials it uses 20% less fuel than comparable planes. Boeing also says that noise at take-off is reduced by about 60%; there are more modest benefits, too, such as larger windows and nicer interiors.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nIt goes against the spirit of these awards to recognise a giant corporation rather than plucky little groups, but given that flying is a huge and highly energy-consuming business, the Dreamliner is likely to make more difference to more people than almost anything else on show.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nIts quietness could also change the planning of airports in cities; maybe Heathrow could be expanded after all, rather than relocated at colossal financial and environmental expense to the Kent marshes. Then again, the awards include another plane, called the Taurus Electro G4. Although this only has four seats, it is electrically powered and uses astonishingly little power; it's a more radical contribution to aviation than the Dreamliner, but its overall effect is less clear.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nMeanwhile, as well as the awards the Design Museum is pursuing the larger project of creating a new \u00a380m home, with three times as much space, inside the former Commonwealth Institute building in Kensington High Street, west London, a grade II-listed building. This is another case of sewing machines and umbrellas, the items in question being the eccentric 1960s modernism of the original building, a pavilion with a somewhat wonky paraboloid roof, and Pawson's minimalism", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nOne favours odd angles and curves and eclectic materials; the other right angles and straight lines. To add to the Lautr\u00e9amont mix, the museum is surrounded by three chunky residential towers by Rem Koolhaas's practice OMA.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nJohn Pawson\u2019s vision for the new \u00a380m Design Museum HQ in Kensington.\nAt the time of Pawson's appointment I expressed concern that the Design Museum was not looking hard enough beyond a circle long known to its director, Deyan Sudjic, and its founder, Terence Conran, in its choice either of the architect for its new building or of the subjects for the exhibitions. Pawson is a good architect but the reasons for choosing him for this project did not seem compelling.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nPawson's recently revealed designs don't allay that concern (nor, for that matter, does the exhibition on Terence Conran that is running alongside Designs of the Year). They are, as you would expect, thoughtful, with a big stairwell that widens as you ascend to a top deck that is open to the billowing vault of the 1960s structure. The disposition of uses is sane and reasonable, even if the upward journey seems to involve some long traipses around the stairwell's galleries.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nBut Pawson does not seem to be very much in love with the 60s building and there is not much rapport in his designs between the old and the new. The former aspires to soar and fly, albeit in a somewhat pterodactyl-like way, whereas Pawson's architecture grows solidly from the ground. One is playful and surprising, the other too normal. He is proposing to clad walls with oak, which does not seem in keeping with the modernist spirit of the place", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nIn the various private houses that he has designed Pawson typically uses his restrained architecture to frame gorgeous views of the Alentejo, or Yorkshire, or Okinawa, or \u2013 in his retail design \u2013 the no less gorgeous models, products and clientele of Calvin Klein. Here he is framing an upward view of the old ceiling and does not seem as excited to be doing so.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nThere could be creative tension in the differences between Pawson and the older work but I can't see it yet. Rather, the original Commonwealth Institute seems to be reduced to the point where the purpose of keeping it at all becomes questionable", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nThe OMA flats had already entailed the removal of administrative buildings that supported the pavilion with the funny roof, and the Design Museum says it is essential to rip out the pavilion's interior too \u2013 a dynamic but apparently inefficient affair of decks and flying staircases. Pawson's design further encroaches and suffocates its spirit a little more.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nIn Lautr\u00e9amont's incongruous image there might be found hidden affinities and tensions between the objects \u2013 an umbrella might be seen as a thing resembling bones and skin, which therefore could be found on an operating table and which might be sewn up following dissection. The proposed assemblage in Kensington does not yet have these kinds of poetic resonances.", "Designs of the Year 2012 \u2013 review\nIt could yet do so. Pawson's palette is austere but none the less capable of deadpan surprises that would liven the place up \u2013 perhaps an unexpected cantilever or moment of structural daring. He could allow the playfulness of the older building to enter his style without staining its purity. I hope so; I would greatly like my doubts to be proved wrong."]

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null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 8862, 0.69418055]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 8862, 23.7874681]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 8862, 144.78465962]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 8862, 8.5132542]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 8862, 57.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

https://ndias.nd.edu/events/2018/09/11/106289-andrey-ivanov-a-spiritual-revolution-the-impact-of-reformation-and-enlightenment-in-orthodox-russia/

Andrey Ivanov, "A Spiritual Revolution: The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia" // Events // Institute for Advanced Study // University of Notre Dame

["Andrey Ivanov, A Spiritual Revolution: The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia // Events // Institute for Advanced Study // University of Notre Dame\nAndrey Ivanov, \"A Spiritual Revolution: The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia\"\nTime: Tue Sep 11, 2018, 12:00PM - 2:00PM\nLocation: Flanner Hall\nAndrey V. Ivanov, Assistant Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville, presents his research project, \"A Spiritual Revolution: The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia,\" to an interdisciplinary group of scholars, artists, and scientists comprised of fellows, guest faculty, and students.", "Andrey Ivanov, A Spiritual Revolution: The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia // Events // Institute for Advanced Study // University of Notre Dame\nIf you'd like to attend this event, please contact Carolyn Sherman at [email protected] to confirm space availability.\nPrior to coming to Wisconsin in 2012, Dr. Ivanov spent two years at Boston College as a Visiting Assistant Professor in the history department. He specializes in the religious, cultural, and social history of the Russian Empire.", "Andrey Ivanov, A Spiritual Revolution: The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia // Events // Institute for Advanced Study // University of Notre Dame\nHis current book project analyzes the influence of Reformation and Enlightenment ideas on the Russian Orthodox Church during the era of great reforms of the long eighteenth century (1700-1825). Drawing on previously overlooked sources in Halle, Wolfenb\u00fcttel, Moscow, St", "Andrey Ivanov, A Spiritual Revolution: The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia // Events // Institute for Advanced Study // University of Notre Dame\nPetersburg, Rome, and elsewhere, his study will place Russia, its empire, and the Orthodox Church into the wider intellectual continuum of the European Reformations, early modern confessionalization, and the early religious and secular Enlightenments that were so fundamental to the rise of modernity on the European continent and beyond.", "Andrey Ivanov, A Spiritual Revolution: The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia // Events // Institute for Advanced Study // University of Notre Dame\nDr. Ivanov has published his research in the Sixteenth Century Journal, Journal of Early Modern History, and Vivliofika, as well as in other publications. He is a recipient of several doctoral and postdoctoral awards, including grants and fellowships from the Institute for Research in the Humanities at UW-Madison, the Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenb\u00fcttel, the Edward J", "Andrey Ivanov, A Spiritual Revolution: The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia // Events // Institute for Advanced Study // University of Notre Dame\nBeinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, the Josephine de Karman Foundation and the Smith Richardson Foundation at Yale, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. He is currently the Vice-President of the Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies Association."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=103850

Title: New Networks of Terrorist States Journal: Terrorism - An International Journal Volume:9 Issue:2 Dated:(1987) Pages:101-112 Author(s): R Reagon Annotation: President Reagan identifies those nations involved in a network of terrorism against the Unit

["ed States and its allies, the objectives of this network, and the U.S. response to it.", "\nAbstract: Iran, Libya, North Korea, Cuba, and Nicaragua form a confederation of states that is training, financing, and directly or indirectly controlling most of the terrorists who are kidnapping and murdering American citizens and attacking American installations. These states are united by their fanatical hatred of the United States, our way of life, and our international stature", "\nThe objectives of the terrorist network are to disorient the United States, to disrupt or alter American foreign policy, to sow discord between allies, to frighten friendly Third World nations and to remove American influence from those areas where the United States is helping to bring stable and democratic government. These terrorist states are engaged in acts of war against the United States, and under international law, any state so attacked has the right to defend itself", "\nAmerica will act to indict, apprehend, and prosecute those who commit acts of terrorism against its citizens.", "\nMain Term(s): Supporters of terrorism\nIndex Term(s): Cuba; International terrorism; Iran; Libyan Arab Republic; Nicaragua; Terrorist group cooperation; Terrorist tactics\nType: Presentation\nNote: Address before the American Bar Association, Washington, D. C., July 8, 1985."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/christianity/bible-verse/joshua/8/bible-72104.aspx

Joshua Builds an Altar on Mount Ebal - Joshua 8:30-35

["Joshua Builds an Altar on Mount Ebal - Joshua 8:30-35\nThen Joshua built an altar in Mount Ebal to the LORD, the God of Israel, as Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded the people of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, \"an altar of unhewn stones, upon which no man has lifted an iron tool\"; and they offered on it burnt offerings to the LORD, and sacrificed peace offerings. And there, in the presence of the people of Israel, he wrote upon the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he had written", "Joshua Builds an Altar on Mount Ebal - Joshua 8:30-35\nAnd all Israel, sojourner as well as homeborn, with their elders and officers and their judges, stood on opposite sides of the ark before the Levitical priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD, half of them in front of Mount Ger'izim and half of them in front of Mount Ebal, as Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded at the first, that they should bless the people of Israel", "Joshua Builds an Altar on Mount Ebal - Joshua 8:30-35\nAnd afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessing and the curse, according to all that is written in the book of the law. There was not a word of all that Moses commanded which Joshua did not read before all the assembly of Israel, and the women, and the little ones, and the sojourners who lived among them.", "Joshua Builds an Altar on Mount Ebal - Joshua 8:30-35\nBlessed are those who wash their robes, that they may have the right to the tree of life and that they may enter the city by the gates. Outside are the dogs and sorcerers and fornicators and murderers and idolaters, and every one who loves and practi...\nThen I heard a loud voice from the temple telling the seven angels, \"Go and pour out on the earth the seven bowls of the wrath of God.\" So the first angel went and poured his bowl on the earth, and foul and evil sores came upon the men who bore t...", "Joshua Builds an Altar on Mount Ebal - Joshua 8:30-35\nFor I am not ashamed of the gospel: it is the power of God for salvation to every one who has faith, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. For in it the righteousness of God is revealed through faith for faith; as it is written, \"He who through fai...\nAnd between the throne and the four living creatures and among the elders, I saw a Lamb standing, as though it had been slain, with seven horns and with seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth; and he went and took ..."]

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https://newcanaanlibrary.org/read/top-50-book-titles-2017/

The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017

["The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThe Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAtwood, Margaret Eleanor\nA look at the near future presents the story of Offred, a Handmaid in the Republic of Gilead, once the United States, an oppressive world where women are no longer allowed to read and are valued only as long as they are viable for reproduction.\nChernow, Ron.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nTraces the life of Alexander Hamilton, an illegitimate, largely self-taught orphan from the Caribbean who rose to become George Washington's aide-de-camp and the first Treasury Secretary of the United States.\nWalls, Jeannette.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nWalls, who spent years trying to hide her childhood experiences, allows the story to spill out in this recollection of growing up", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nFrom her current perspective as a contributor to MSNBC online, she remembers the poverty, hunger, jokes, and bullying she and her siblings endured, and she looks back at her parents: her flighty, self-indulgent mother, a Pollyanna unwilling to assume the responsibilities of parenting, and her father, troubled, brilliant Rex, whose ability to turn his family's downward-spiraling circumstances into adventures allowed his children to excuse his imperfections until they grew old enough to understand what he had done to them--and to himself.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nChief Inspector Armand Gamache of the S\u00fbret\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec and his team of investigators are called in to the scene of a suspicious death in a rural village south of Montreal. Jane Neal, a local fixture in the tiny hamlet of Three Pines, just north of the U.S. border, has been found dead in the woods", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThe locals are certain it's a tragic hunting accident and nothing more, but Gamache smells something foul in these remote woods, and is soon certain that Jane Neal died at the hands of someone much more sinister than a careless bowhunter.--From publisher description.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThe true story of how the keepers of the Warsaw Zoo saved hundreds of people from Nazi hands. When Germany invaded Poland, Stuka bombers devastated Warsaw--and the city's zoo along with it. With most of their animals dead, zookeepers Jan and Antonina \u017babi\u0144ski began smuggling Jews into empty cages. Another dozen \"guests\" hid inside the \u017babi\u0144skis' villa, emerging after dark for dinner, socializing, and, during rare moments of calm, piano concerts", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nJan, active in the Polish resistance, kept ammunition buried in the elephant enclosure and stashed explosives in the animal hospital. Meanwhile, Antonina kept her unusual household afloat, caring for both its human and its animal inhabitants--otters, a badger, hyena pups, lynxes--and keeping alive an atmosphere of play and innocence even as Europe crumbled around her.--From publisher description.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nTowles, Amor.\nA chance encounter with a handsome banker in a jazz bar on New Year's Eve 1938 catapults Wall Street secretary Katey Kontent into the upper echelons of New York society, where she befriends a shy multi-millionaire, an Upper East Side ne'er-do-well, and a single-minded widow.\nStedman, M. L.\nA novel set on a remote Australian island, where a childless couple live quietly running a lighthouse, until a boat carrying a baby washes ashore\"--\nThe Boys In The Boat\nBrown, Daniel", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nDaniel James Brown's robust book tells the story of the University of Washingtons 1936 eight-oar crew and their epic quest for an Olympic gold medal, a team that transformed the sport and grabbed the attention of millions of Americans.\nThe Husband's Secret\nMoriarty, Liane.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nDiscovering a tattered letter that says she is to open it only in the event of her husband's death, Cecelia, a successful family woman, is unable to resist reading the letter and discovers a secret that shatters her life and the lives of two other women. By the author of What Alice Forgot.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nFrom the highly acclaimed, multiple award-winning Anthony Doerr, a stunningly ambitious and beautiful novel about a blind French girl and a German boy whose paths collide in occupied France as both try to survive the devastation of World War II. Marie Laure lives with her father in Paris within walking distance of the Museum of Natural History where he works as the master of the locks (there are thousands of locks in the museum)", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nWhen she is six, she goes blind, and her father builds her a model of their neighborhood, every house, every manhole, so she can memorize it with her fingers and navigate the real streets with her feet and cane. When the Germans occupy Paris, father and daughter flee to Saint-Malo on the Brittany coast, where Marie-Laure's agoraphobic great uncle lives in a tall, narrow house by the sea wall", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nIn another world in Germany, an orphan boy, Werner, grows up with his younger sister, Jutta, both enchanted by a crude radio Werner finds. He becomes a master at building and fixing radios, a talent that wins him a place at an elite and brutal military academy and, ultimately, makes him a highly specialized tracker of the Resistance. Werner travels through the heart of Hitler Youth to the far-flung outskirts of Russia, and finally into Saint-Malo, where his path converges with Marie-Laure", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nDoerr's gorgeous combination of soaring imagination with observation is electric. Deftly interweaving the lives of Marie-Laure and Werner, Doerr illuminates the ways, against all odds, people try to be good to one another. Ten years in the writing, All the Light We Cannot See is his most ambitious and dazzling work\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nEnglish anthropologist Andrew Banson has been alone in the field for several years, studying the Kiona river tribe in the Territory of New Guinea. Haunted by the memory of his brothers' deaths and increasingly frustrated and isolated by his research, Bankson is on the verge of suicide when a chance encounter with colleagues, the controversial Nell Stone and her wry and mercurial Australian husband, Fen, pulls him back from the brink", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nNell and Fen have just fled the bloodthirsty Mumbanyo and, in spite of Nell's poor health, are hungry for a new discovery. When Bankson finds them a new tribe nearby, the artistic, female-dominated Tam, he ignites an intellectual and romantic firestorm between the three of them that burns out of anyone's control\" --", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nMoriarty, Liane\nFollows three mothers, each at a crossroads, and their potential involvement in a riot at a school trivia night that leaves one parent dead in what appears to be a tragic accident, but which evidence shows might have been premeditated.\nHannah, Kristin.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nViann and Isabelle have always been close despite their differences. Younger, bolder sister Isabelle lives in Paris while Viann lives a quiet and content life in the French countryside with her husband Antoine and their daughter. When World War II strikes and Antoine is sent off to fight, Viann and Isabelle's father sends Isabelle to help her older sister cope", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAs the war progresses, it's not only the sisters' relationship that is tested, but also their strength and their individual senses of right and wrong. With life as they know it changing in unbelievably horrific ways, Viann and Isabelle will find themselves facing frightening situations and responding in ways they never thought possible as bravery and resistance take different forms in each of their actions", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nVivid and exquiste in its illumination of a time and place that was filled with great monstrosities, but also great humanity and strength, Kristin Hannah's novel will provoke thought and discussion that will have readers talking long after they turn the last page\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAfter witnessing something shocking, Rachel offers what she knows to the police, and becomes inextricably entwined in what happens next, as well as in the lives of everyone involved. Has she done more harm than good?\nA real-life political thriller about an American financier in the Wild East of Russia, the murder of his principled young tax attorney, and his dangerous mission to expose the Kremlin's corruption\"--Amazon.com.\nHoffman, Alice.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nFrom the New York Times bestselling author of The Dovekeepers and The Museum of Extraordinary Things: a forbidden love story set on the tropical island of St. Thomas about the extraordinary woman who gave birth to painter Camille Pissarro the Father of Impressionism\"--\nThe Little Paris Bookshop\nGeorge, Nina\nA book is both doctor and medicine. It makes diagnoses and provides therapy. Bringing the right novels together with the appropriate people is the way I sell books.\".\nCircling The Sun\nMcLain, Paula.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nRaised by her father and the Kipsigis tribe in 1920s Kenya, Beryl endures painful losses before entering a passionate love triangle and discovering her unconventional true calling.\nGroff, Lauren", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nFrom the award-winning, New York Times bestselling author of The Monsters of Templeton and Arcadia, an exhilarating novel about marriage, creativity, art, and perception. Fates and Furies is a literary masterpiece that defies expectation. A dazzling examination of a marriage, it is also a portrait of creative partnership written by one of the best writers of her generation. Every story has two sides. Every relationship has two perspectives", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAnd sometimes, it turns out, the key to a great marriage is not its truths but its secrets. At the core of this rich, expansive, layered novel, Lauren Groff presents the story of one such marriage over the course of twenty-four years. At age twenty-two, Lotto and Mathilde are tall, glamorous, madly in love, and destined for greatness", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nA decade later, their marriage is still the envy of their friends, but with an electric thrill we understand that things are even more complicated and remarkable than they have seemed. With stunning revelations and multiple threads, and in prose that is vibrantly alive and original, Groff delivers a deeply satisfying novel about love, art, creativity, and power that is unlike anything that has come before it", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nMelvin Mars awaits his fate on Death Row. He was one of America's most promising football stars until, aged twenty-years-old, he was arrested and convicted for the murder of his parents just as he was due to begin a very lucrative contract with the NFL", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nWhen Amos Decker, newly appointed special agent with the FBI, hears the news that Melvin was saved in the final seconds before his execution because someone has confessed to the killings, he persuades his boss to allow him to carry out an investigation into the Mars murders.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAt the age of 36, on the verge of a completing a decade's worth of training as a neurosurgeon, Paul Kalanithi's health began to falter. He started losing weight and was wracked by waves of excruciating back pain. A CT scan confirmed what Paul, deep down, had suspected: he had stage four lung cancer, widely disseminated. One day, he was a doctor making a living treating the dying, and the next, he was a patient struggling to live", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nJust like that, the future he and his wife had imagined, the culmination of decades of striving, evaporated. With incredible literary quality, philosophical acuity, and medical authority, When Breath Becomes Air approaches the questions raised by facing mortality from the dual perspective of the neurosurgeon who spent a decade meeting patients in the twilight between life and death, and the terminally ill patient who suddenly found himself living in that liminality", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\n? What happens when the future, instead of being a ladder toward the goals of life, flattens out into a perpetual present? When faced with a terminal diagnosis, what does it mean to have a child, to nuture a new life as another one fades away", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\n? As Paul wrote, \"Before my cancer was diagnosed, I knew that someday I would die, but I didn't know when. After the diagnosis, I knew that someday I would die, but I didn't know when. But now I knew it acutely. The problem wasn't really a scientific one. The fact of death is unsettling. Yet there is no other way to live.\" Paul Kalanithi passed away in March 2015, while working on this book\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nSweeney, Cynthia D'Aprix\nGathering to confront their older brother, who has recently been released from rehab after a drunk driving accident, the Plumb siblings watch as the trust fund left by their father rises and falls according to self-inflicted problems.\nHere's To Us\nHilderbrand, Elin", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAn emotional, heartwarming story from New York Times bestselling author Elin Hilderbrand about a grieving family that finds solace where they least expect it. Celebrity chef Deacon Rowe is struggling with addiction, depression and not one, but two scandals. As summer nears, he travels to the idyllic Eastern bluff of Nantucket, where he takes his own life", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nIn the shocking wake of Deacon's suicide, his first wife and childhood sweetheart, Laurel Rowe, sets out to gather Deacon's far-flung family--including Deacon and Laurel's son, and Deacon's other ex-wives and children--on the island. HERE'S TO US brings together three very different, resilient women and their children, who start out not only as strangers, but as bitter rivals, each wanting to claim the prime place in Deacon's life", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nSecrets are revealed, confidences are shared, and improbable bonds are formed as this unlikely family says goodbye to the man they loved.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\n? In Truly Madly Guilty, Liane Moriarty turns her unique, razor-sharp eye towards three seemingly happy families. Sam and Clementine have a wonderful, albeit, busy life: they have two little girls, Sam has just started a new dream job and Clementine, a cellist, is busy preparing for the audition of a lifetime. If there's anything they can count on, it's each other. Clementine and Erika are each other's oldest friends. A single look between them can convey an entire conversation", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nBut theirs is a complicated relationship, so when Erika mentions a last minute invitation to a barbecue with her neighbors, Tiffany and Vid, Clementine and Sam don't hesitate. Having Tiffany and Vid's larger than life personalities there will be a welcome respite. Two months later, it won't stop raining, and Clementine and Sam can't stop asking themselves the question: What if we hadn't gone", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\n? In Truly Madly Guilty, Liane Moriarty takes on the foundations our lives: marriage, sex, parenthood, and friendship. She shows how guilt can expose the fault lines in the most seemingly strong relationships, how what we don't say can be more powerful than what we do, and how sometimes it is the most innocent of moments that can do the greatest harm\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nOn a September day in Manhattan in 1939, twenty-something Caroline Ferriday is consumed by her efforts to secure the perfect boutonniere for an important French diplomat and resisting the romantic advances of a married actor. Meanwhile across the Atlantic, Kasia Kuzmerick, a Polish Catholic teenager, is nervously anticipating the changes that are sure to come since Germany has declared war on Poland", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAs tensions rise abroad - and in her personal life - Caroline's interest in aiding the war effort in France grows and she eventually comes to hear about the dire situation at the Ravensbruck all-female concentration camp. At the same time, Kasia's carefree youth is quickly slipping away, only to be replaced by a fervor for the Polish resistance movement", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThrough Ravensbruck - and the horrific atrocities taking place there told in part by an infamous German surgeon, Herta Oberheuser - the two women's lives will converge in unprecedented ways and a novel of redemption and hope emerges that is breathtaking in scope and depth\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nSilva, Daniel\nGabriel Allon, the art restorer, spy, and assassin, is poised to become the chief of Israel secret intelligence service. But on the eve of his promotion, events conspire to lure him into the field for one final operation. ISIS has detonated a massive bomb in the Marais district of Paris, and a desperate French government wants Gabriel to eliminate the man responsible before he can strike again.\nHawley, Noah", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThe stories of ten wealthy victims of a plane crash intertwine with those of a down-on-his-luck painter and a four-year-old boy, the tragedy's only survivors, as odd coincidences surrounding the crash point to a possible conspiracy.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThe acclaimed, bestselling author--winner of the PEN/Faulkner Award and the Orange Prize--tells the enthralling story of how an unexpected romantic encounter irrevocably changes two families' lives. One Sunday afternoon in Southern California, Bert Cousins shows up at Franny Keating's christening party uninvited. Before evening falls, he has kissed Franny's mother, Beverly--thus setting in motion the dissolution of their marriages and the joining of two families", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nSpanning five decades, Commonwealth explores how this chance encounter reverberates through the lives of the four parents and six children involved. Spending summers together in Virginia, the Keating and Cousins children forge a lasting bond that is based on a shared disillusionment with their parents and the strange and genuine affection that grows up between them", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nWhen, in her twenties, Franny begins an affair with the legendary author Leon Posen and tells him about her family, the story of her siblings is no longer hers to control. Their childhood becomes the basis for his wildly successful book, ultimately forcing them to come to terms with their losses, their guilt, and the deeply loyal connection they feel for one another. Told with equal measures of humor and heartbreak, Commonwealth is a meditation on inspiration, interpretation, and the ownership of stories", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThe Wrong Side Of Goodbye\nConnelly, Michael\nCalifornia's newest private investigator, Harry Bosch, searches for a reclusive billionaire's possible heir, a case with odd links to his own past, and volunteers to find a serial rapist for a small cash-strapped police department.\nCline, Emma", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nMesmerized by a band of girls in the park whom she perceives as enjoying a life of free and careless abandon, 1960s teen Evie Boyd becomes obsessed with gaining acceptance into their circle. Evie, grateful for their charismatic leader's attention, the sense of family the group offers, and the assurance of the girls, is swept into their chaotic cult existence. As things turn darker, her choices become riskier", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nA wonderfully written debut novel about the harm we can do, to ourselves and others, in our hunger for belonging and acceptance. --", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nTrudy has betrayed her husband, John. She's still in the marital home--a dilapidated, priceless London townhouse--but John's not here. Instead, she's with his brother, the profoundly banal Claude, and the two of them have a plan. But there is a witness to their plot: the inquisitive, nine-month-old resident of Trudy's womb. Told from a perspective unlike any other, Nutshell is a classic tale of murder and deceit from one of the world's master storytellers\"--\nGyasi, Yaa", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nTwo half sisters, Effia and Esi, unknown to each other, are born into two different tribal villages in 18th century Ghana. Effia will be married off to an English colonial, and will live in comfort in the sprawling, palatial rooms of Cape Coast Castle, raising half-caste children who will be sent abroad to be educated in England before returning to the Gold Coast to serve as administrators of the Empire", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nHer sister, Esi, will be imprisoned beneath Effia in the Castle's women's dungeon, and then shipped off on a boat bound for America, where she will be sold into slavery", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nStretching from the tribal wars of Ghana to slavery and Civil War in America, from the coal mines in the north to the Great Migration to the streets of 20th century Harlem, Yaa Gyasi's has written a modern masterpiece, a novel that moves through histories and geographies and--with outstanding economy and force--captures the troubled spirit of our own nation\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nIn the aftermath of the Civil War, an aging itinerant news reader agrees to transport a young captive of the Kiowa back to her people in this exquisitely rendered, morally complex, multilayered novel of historical fiction from the author of Enemy Women that explores the boundaries of family, responsibility, honor, and trust.In the wake of the Civil War, Captain Jefferson Kyle Kidd travels through northern Texas, giving live readings from newspapers to paying audiences hungry for news of the world", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAn elderly widower who has lived through three wars and fought in two of them, the captain enjoys his rootless, solitary existence.In Wichita Falls, he is offered a $50 gold piece to deliver a young orphan to her relatives in San Antonio. Four years earlier, a band of Kiowa raiders killed Johanna's parents and sister; sparing the little girl, they raised her as one of their own. Recently rescued by the U.S", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\narmy, the ten-year-old has once again been torn away from the only home she knows.Their 400-mile journey south through unsettled territory and unforgiving terrain proves difficult and at times dangerous", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nJohanna has forgotten the English language, tries to escape at every opportunity, throws away her shoes, and refuses to act \"civilized.\" Yet as the miles pass, the two lonely survivors tentatively begin to trust each other, forming a bond that marks the difference between life and death in this treacherous land.Arriving in San Antonio, the reunion is neither happy nor welcome. The captain must hand Johanna over to an aunt and uncle she does not remember--strangers who regard her as an unwanted burden", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nA respectable man, Captain Kidd is faced with a terrible choice: abandon the girl to her fate or become--in the eyes of the law--a kidnapper himself\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThis stunning new novel is Jodi Picoult at her finest--complete with unflinching insights, richly layered characters, and a page-turning plot with a gripping moral dilemma at its heart. Ruth Jefferson is a labor and delivery nurse at a Connecticut hospital with more than twenty years' experience. During her shift, Ruth begins a routine checkup on a newborn, only to be told a few minutes later that she's been reassigned to another patient", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThe parents are white supremacists and don't want Ruth, who is African American, to touch their child. The hospital complies with their request, but the next day, the baby goes into cardiac distress while Ruth is alone in the nursery. Does she obey orders or does she intervene", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\n? Ruth hesitates before performing CPR and, as a result, is charged with a serious crime. Kennedy McQuarrie, a white public defender, takes her case but gives unexpected advice: Kennedy insists that mentioning race in the courtroom is not a winning strategy. Conflicted by Kennedy's counsel, Ruth tries to keep life as normal as possible for her family--especially her teenage son--as the case becomes a media sensation", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAs the trial moves forward, Ruth and Kennedy must gain each other's trust, and come to see that what they've been taught their whole lives about others--and themselves--might be wrong. With incredible empathy, intelligence, and candor, Jodi Picoult tackles race, privilege, prejudice, justice, and compassion--and doesn't offer easy answers. Small Great Things is a remarkable achievement from a writer at the top of her game.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThe Undoing Project\nExamines the history of behavioral economics, discussing the theory of Israeli psychologists who wrote the original studies undoing assumptions about the decision-making process and the influence it has had on evidence-based regulation.\nGrisham, John.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nLacy Stoltz is an investigator for the Florida Board on Judicial Conduct. She is a lawyer, not a cop, and it is her job to respond to complaints dealing with judicial misconduct. After nine years with the Board, she knows that most problems are caused by incompetence, not corruption. But a corruption case eventually crosses her desk. A previously disbarred lawyer is back in business with a new identity", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nHe now goes by the name Greg Myers, and he claims to know of a Florida judge who has stolen more money than all other crooked judges combined. And not just crooked judges in Florida. All judges, from all states, and throughout U.S. history. What's the source of the ill-gotten gains", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\n? It seems the judge was secretly involved with the construction of a large casino on Native American land. The Coast Mafia financed the casino and is now helping itself to a sizable skim of each month's cash. The judge is getting a cut and looking the other way. It's a sweet deal: Everyone is making money. But now Greg wants to put a stop to it. His only client is a person who knows the truth and wants to blow the whistle and collect millions under Florida law", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nGreg files a complaint with the Board on Judicial Conduct, and the case is assigned to Lacy Stoltz, who immediately suspects that this one could be dangerous. Dangerous is one thing. Deadly is something else.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nVance, J. D.\nShares the story of the author's family and upbringing, describing how they moved from poverty to an upwardly mobile clan that included the author, a Yale Law School graduate, while navigating the demands of middle class life and the collective demons of the past.\nBackman, Fredrik\nA curmudgeon hides a terrible personal loss beneath a cranky and short-tempered exterior while clashing with new neighbors, a boisterous family whose chattiness and habits lead to unexpected friendship.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nJohn Puller may be the US Army's most tenacious investigator, but he is not equipped to face the truth about his mother's disappearance thirty years ago. New evidence has come to light suggesting that Puller's father -- a highly decorated army veteran -- may have murdered his wife. When Puller's friend, intelligence operative Veronica Knox, arrived on the scene, she realized that there is far more to this case than she first though", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nHe knows that nothing will prevent him from discovering what really happened to his mother -- even proving that his father is a killer. Meanwhile, Paul Rogers has just been paroled after spending ten years in a high-security prison for murder. And with his freedom comes a desire to pay back old debts. Harbouring a dark past that changed him in unimaginable ways, Rogers embarks on a journey across the country, set on a path of revenge against the people who took away his humanity", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAs both men uncover a trail of deception that stretches back decades, they realize that the truth will bind them together in ways they could never have imagined. --", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nIn all ways a great novel, a nonstop pleasure brimming with charm, personal wisdom, and philosophic insight.this book more than fulfills the promise of Towles' stylish debut, Rules of Civility.\" - Kirkus Reviews (starred) From the New York Times bestselling author of Rules of Civility--a transporting novel about a man who is ordered to spend the rest of his life inside a luxury hotel", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nWith his breakout debut novel, Rules of Civility, Amor Towles established himself as a master of absorbing, sophisticated fiction, bringing late 1930s Manhattan to life with splendid atmosphere and a flawless command of style. Readers and critics were enchanted; as NPR commented, \"Towles writes with grace and verve about the mores and manners of a society on the cusp of radical change.\" A Gentleman in Moscow immerses us in another elegantly drawn era with the story of Count Alexander Rostov", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nWhen, in 1922, he is deemed an unrepentant aristocrat by a Bolshevik tribunal, the count is sentenced to house arrest in the Metropol, a grand hotel across the street from the Kremlin. Rostov, an indomitable man of erudition and wit, has never worked a day in his life, and must now live in an attic room while some of the most tumultuous decades in Russian history are unfolding outside the hotel's doors", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nUnexpectedly, his reduced circumstances provide him a doorway into a much larger world of emotional discovery. Brimming with humor, a glittering cast of characters, and one beautifully rendered scene after another, this singular novel casts a spell as it relates the count's endeavor to gain a deeper understanding of what it means to be a man of purpose\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nA Piece Of The World\nKline, Christina Baker\nImagines the life story of Christina Olson, the subject of Andrew Wyeth's painting \"Christina's World,\" describing the simple life she led on a remote Maine farm, her complicated relationship with her family, and the illness that incapacitated her.\nThe #1 New York Times-bestselling author Paula Hawkins returns with Into the Water, her addictive new novel of psychological suspense about the slipperiness of the truth and a family drowning in secrets\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nIn October, 1947, after a summer-long drought, fires began near Bar Harbor and raced along the coast of Maine, ravaging two hundred thousand acres--the largest fire in Maine's history. In the southern part of the state, people were forced into the sea toescape the flames. Five months pregnant, Grace Holland is left alone to protect her two toddlers when her husband Gene joins the volunteers fighting to bring the fire under control", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAlong with her best friend, Rosie, and Rosie's two young children, the women watch in horror as their houses go up in flames, then walk into the ocean as a last resort. They spend the night frantically trying to save their children. When dawn comes, they have miraculously survived, but their lives are forever changed: homeless, penniless, and left to face an uncertain future in a town that no longer exists", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAs Grace awaits news of her husband's fate, she is thrust into a new world in which she must make a life on her own, beginning with absolutely nothing--she must find work,a home, a way to provide for her children. In the midst of devastating loss, Grace discovers glorious new freedoms--joys and triumphs she could never have expected her narrow life with Gene could contain--and her spirit soars. And then the unthinkable happens, and Grace's bravery is tested as never before\"--", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAnything Is Possible explores the whole range of human emotion through the intimate dramas of people struggling to understand themselves and others. Here are two sisters: One trades self-respect for a wealthy husband while the other finds in the pages of a book a kindred spirit who changes her life", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThe janitor at the local school has his faith tested in an encounter with an isolated man he has come to help; a grown daughter longs for mother love even as she comes to accept her mother's happiness in a foreign country; and the adult Lucy Barton (the heroine of My Name Is Lucy Barton, the author's celebrated New York Times bestseller) returns to visit her siblings after seventeen years of absence", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nReverberating with the deep bonds of family, and the hope that comes with reconciliation, Anything Is Possible again underscores Elizabeth Strout's place as one of America's most respected and cherished authors.\"--Amazon.com", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAmos Decker witnesses a murder just outside FBI headquarters. A man shoots a woman execution-style on a crowded sidewalk, then turns the gun on himself. Even with Decker's extraordinary powers of observation and deduction, the killing is baffling. Decker and his team can find absolutely no connection between the shooter - a family man with a successful consulting business - and his victim, a schoolteacher. Nor is there a hint of any possible motive for the attack. Enter Harper Brown", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAn agent of the Defense Intelligence Agency, she orders Decker to back off the case. The murder is part of an open DIA investigation, one so classified that Decker and his team aren't cleared for it. But they learn that the DIA believes solving the murder is now a matter of urgent national security. Critical information may have been leaked to a hostile government - or, worse, an international terrorist group - and an attack may be imminent", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nDecker's never been one to follow the rules, especially with the stakes so high. Forced into an uneasy alliance with Agent Brown, Decker remains laser focused on only one goal: solving the case before it's too late.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nThree women, haunted by the past and the secrets they hold. Set at the end of World War II, in a crumbling Bavarian castle that once played host to all of German high society, a powerful and propulsive story of three widows whose lives and fates become intertwined--an affecting, shocking, and ultimately redemptive novel from the author of the New York Times Notable Book The Hazards of Good Breeding", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAmid the ashes of Nazi Germany's defeat, Marianne von Lingenfels returns to the once-grand castle of her husband's ancestors, an imposing stone fortress now fallen into ruin following years of war. The widow of a resister murdered in the failed July 20, 1944, plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Marianne plans to uphold the promise she made to her husband's brave conspirators: to find and protect their wives, her fellow resistance widows", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nFirst Marianne rescues six-year-old Martin, the son of her dearest childhood friend, from a Nazi reeducation home. Together, they make their way across the smoldering wreckage of their homeland to Berlin, where Martin's mother, the beautiful and naive Benita, has fallen into the hands of occupying Red Army soldiers. Then she locates Ania, another resister's wife, and her two boys, now refugees languishing in one of the many camps that house the millions displaced by the war", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nAs Marianne assembles this makeshift family from the ruins of her husband's resistance movement, she is certain their shared pain and circumstances will hold them together. But she quickly discovers that the black-and-white, highly principled world of her privileged past has become infinitely more complicated, filled with secrets and dark passions that threaten to tear them apart", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nEventually, all three women must come to terms with the choices that have defined their lives before, during, and after the war--each with their own unique share of challenges.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nNantucket is only two and a half hours away from Martha's Vineyard by ferry. But the two islands might as well be worlds apart for a set of identical twin sisters who have been at odds for years. Just because twins look exactly the same doesn't mean they're anything alike\u2014and Tabitha and Harper Frost have spent their whole lives trying to prove this point", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nWhen a family crisis forces them to band together\u2014or at least appear to\u2014the twins come to realize that the special bond that they share is more important than the resentments that have driven them apart.", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nCamino Island\nA gang of thieves stage a daring heist from a secure vault deep below Princeton University's Firestone Library. Their loot is priceless, but Princeton has insured it for twenty-five million dollars. Bruce Cable owns a popular bookstore in the sleepy resort town of Santa Rosa on Camino Island in Florida. He makes his real money, though, as a prominent dealer in rare books. Very few people know that he occasionally dabbles in the black market of stolen books and manuscripts.\nThe Late Show", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nRen\u00e9e Ballard works the night shift in Hollywood, beginning many investigations but finishing none as each morning she turns her cases over to day shift detectives. A once up-and-coming detective, she's been given this beat as punishment after filing a sexual harassment complaint against a supervisor. But one night she catches two cases she doesn't want to part with: the brutal beating of a prostitute left for dead in a parking lot and the killing of a young woman in a nightclub shooting", "The Top 50 Book Titles of 2017\nBallard is determined not to give up at dawn. Against orders and her own partner's wishes, she works both cases by day while maintaining her shift by night. As the cases entwine they pull her closer to her own demons and the reason she won't give up her job no matter what the department throws at her.\"--"]

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[35366, 35380, 0.21428571], [35380, 36179, 0.01001252]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 36179, 0.71175599]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 36179, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 36179, 0.8310228]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 36179, 529.97062968]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 36179, 613.25221386]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 36179, 299.16680114]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 36179, 257.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

https://onlinemagnews.com/famous-singer-is-suing-chris-brown-for-rape/

"Chris Brown Accused of Rape by Anonymous Singer in New Lawsuit"

["Chris Brown Accused of Rape by Anonymous Singer in New Lawsuit\nThe famous singer is suing Chris Brown for rape\nRapper Chris Brown, who was previously in a relationship with singer Rihanna and brutally beat her in 2009, is now facing a new scandal. Another famous singer is suing him for rape.\nRead: Georgina Rodr\u00edguez celebrates birthday with Ronaldo and children in Dubai \u2013 See what a surprise she got", "Chris Brown Accused of Rape by Anonymous Singer in New Lawsuit\nThe famous singer, who does not reveal her own identity, because she \u201cfears for her own life and career\u201d, filed a lawsuit in a Los Angeles court last week against Rihanna\u2019s ex-boyfriend, Chris Brown (32).\nShe claims to have met Chris at a party with Sean Diddy at his home in Old Island. However, the incident happened on a yacht that was near Diddy\u2019s home.", "Chris Brown Accused of Rape by Anonymous Singer in New Lawsuit\nThe singer, whose identity is not revealed, tells how the rapper gave her a drink while they were on the yacht, and after she drank it, she started to lose consciousness. She was reportedly disoriented, physically unstable, and occasionally began to fall asleep and wake up.\nShe tried to tell him to stop, but Brown allegedly ignored her pleas, and the next day he apologized and told her he was lost and could not remember.", "Chris Brown Accused of Rape by Anonymous Singer in New Lawsuit\nHe immediately asked her to take a contraceptive pill the \u201cday after\u201d, and she immediately took tests for sexually transmitted diseases.\nOn January 16, the rapper invited her to his home in California, and she agreed to come and work on his music together. However, after the filming, he again invited her to go to his room.\nRead: New explicit photos: Madonna caused controversy", "Chris Brown Accused of Rape by Anonymous Singer in New Lawsuit\n\u201cChris Brown claimed that she would never succeed as a musician unless she agreed to do what she had to do, that is, she had to have sex with him to advance her career.\u201d, the lawsuit states.\nThe rapper on Instagram denied the accusations and said that again someone is trying to damage his reputation by spreading lies.", "Chris Brown Accused of Rape by Anonymous Singer in New Lawsuit\nAs a reminder, Chris Brown was detained in 2009 after brutally beating Rihanna. After admitting the crime, he received a suspended prison sentence in 2015 and in 2021 he was again under investigation after a woman accused him of violence.\nTRENDING: Khlo\u00e9 Kardashian lost weight after the scandal with Tristan \u2013 She poses topless"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.nickiswift.com/1118663/tragically-murdered-celebs/

10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today

["10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nThere are certain celebrities that are simply unforgettable, no matter how long they've been gone. Marilyn Monroe, Natalie Wood, and Michael Jackson, for example, are all three legendary stars who seem to have had rather unexplainable deaths that still garner attention from the media and film industry. Whenever the world loses a celebrity, the public always becomes fascinated. We are reminded that although the rich and famous seem untouchable, they experience pain and death the same way anyone else would", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nIn cases like Elizabeth Short or \"The Black Dahlia,\" the actor became more famous in death than she was in life, coincidentally. The body of aspiring actress Short was sadly found in a park in Los Angeles, California in 1947 \u2014 cleaned of all evidence (via ATI). There were many theories about what happened to her, along with lots of documentaries and films made, but her murder remains one of LA's biggest mysteries \u2014 even today", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nSharon Tate was one of the most beautiful actors in Hollywood before she fell victim to one of the most notorious and devastating murders of the decade. At the time of her murder, Tate was married to film director Roman Polanski, was a Golden-Globe nominee for her work in \"Valley of the Dolls\", and was also almost nine months pregnant with her first child, per Oprah Daily", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nThe night of the murders, Sharon Tate was at the home she shared with Polanski (10050 Cielo Drive in Los Angeles California), and three of her friends. Polanksi was not in town at the time.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\n10050 Cielo Drive once belonged to a record producer named Terry Melcher, who was also the son of famed actress Doris Day. Melcher was said to have snubbed an unhinged man named Charles Manson on a record deal, leaving Manson extremely bitter. According to \"Cults Uncovered: True Stories of Mind Control and Murder,\" this is when Manson wanted revenge on Hollywood, and ordered three of his followers to go to Melcher's supposed home, to \"totally destroy everyone in that house, as gruesome as you can.\"", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nTate, her unborn baby, her three friends, and a friend visiting the home's caretaker (talk about bad timing) were brutally murdered that night \u2014 all because of cult leader Charles Manson (via Britannica). Many months passed before Manson and his three followers were identified as the murderers and were all were sentenced to life in prison.\nTupac Shakur\nRaymond Boyd/Getty Images", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nTupac Amaru Shakur was born in Harlem, New York, and was one of the most well-respected artists in the hip-hop community. Like Biggie Smalls, who was also shot and killed six months after Tupac, he was taken from us entirely too soon. He was only 25 years old, and it was unexpectedly at the hands of a gunman, per Biography", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nTupac had done a short stint in prison, and his gang-affiliated lifestyle inspired him to create a certain music genre that appealed to his audience, as did his deceased adversary Biggie Smalls. Fan-favorites that are still consistently played on the radio or shared on playlists are \"Changes,\" \"California Love,\" and \"Hit Em Up,\" to name a few.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nIn the 1990s, it was no secret that the gang rivalries between the East and West Coast were steadily increasing and becoming more dangerous. Sadly, in the case of Tupac, he was shot and killed after leaving a Mike Tyson fight in Las Vegas in 1996. Tragically, he passed away from his injuries six days later (via Britannica). Although no one was officially charged with Tupac's murder, police suspected fellow hip-hop artist Orlando Anderson, who was also sadly gunned down in 1998, per MTV", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nTupac is best remembered for his incredible music, and acting roles in films like \"Juice\" and \"Poetic Justice.\" In death, Shakur became even more of a rap legend.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nDominique Dunn\nMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer/YouTube\nDominique Dunne was on her way to the top when her life was tragically and suddenly cut short by an extremely jealous ex-boyfriend. Dunne was best known for her roles in films like \"Poltergeist', where she portrayed the teen daughter of the family who was haunted by evil spirits in their house. The movie became a cult classic, and Dunne was well-received by both critics and producer Steven Spielberg. There was no doubt her future would be bright.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nAccording to Vanity Fair, the young star grew up very affluent and well educated. She was the daughter of journalist Dominick Dunne (for whom she was named after) and her mother, Ellen, who suffered from multiple sclerosis. In the early 1980's, Dunne met John Thomas Sweeney, who was a chef at the fancy Ma Maison Restaurant in Los Angeles. The two began dating and immediately moved in together \u2014 which is when the relationship began to crumble", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nSweeney became physically abusive; Dunne had managed to escape the relationship, moved in with her mother, and changed the locks to their apartment (via ATI). All was well until Sweeney showed up one afternoon to the apartment when Dunne was rehearsing a scene with fellow actor David Packer. Packer heard a scream and called the police immediately. Sweeney had strangled Dominique Dunne, and she was rushed to the hospital, where she was put on life support. She died several days later at only 22 years old.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nIf you or someone you know is dealing with domestic abuse, you can call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1\u2212800\u2212799\u22127233. You can also find more information, resources, and support at their website.\nNicole Brown Simpson\nPaul Harris/Getty Images", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nNicole Brown Simpson was famously married to football star O.J. Simpson before her life abruptly ended, resulting in one of the most widely known murder trials of the century. O.J. was on trial for the alleged murder of his former wife and her friend Ron Goldman; Simpson notoriously walked away an innocent man, shocking the entire nation.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nAccording to Biography, Nicole, a former homecoming queen and blonde bombshell, met O.J. when she was working as a waitress in Los Angeles. The sports star divorced his first wife, and he and Nicole were married shortly after, eventually having two children; Sydney and Justin. Nicole was a devoted mother and cared deeply for her children. Unfortunately, O.J", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nbecame physically and emotionally abusive, as well as unfaithful; family and friends recall seeing Nicole with bruises on her body, which led to law enforcement getting involved. O.J. pleaded no contest to spousal battery, and the two were later divorced.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nNicole had told her mother that she was scared of her ex-husband, and thought that he was following her. On the night that she was tragically murdered along with her friend, model Ron Goldman, the two were found stabbed to death outside of her Los Angeles condo. After evidence pointed to her ex-husband, he was charged with both of their murders in a tumultuous trial that ended with a jury acquitting him of all charges (via Biography).\nLeonardo Cendamo/Getty Images", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nGianni Versace was the world-famous Italian designer and founder of the high-end fashion label, Versace. Versace's mother was a dressmaker, and the young Italian boy grew up around fashion, working for other designers like Mario Valentino and more (via Britannica). Before he knew it, he was dressing super models like Cindy Crawford and Naomi Campbell with his daring designs and creations. Simply put, Versace truly became an iconic designer.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nAccording to History, there was no evidence that serial killer Andrew Cunanan ever met Gianni Versace; the only thing they had in common was that they were both openly gay, and possibly had some mutual friends. Cunanan was already on the FBI's most-wanted list after going on a killing spree, and had fled to Miami during the man-hunt. For reasons unknown, Andrew Cunanan shot Versace twice in the head while he was coming home after a morning walk, and the fashion designer died instantly.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nCunanan was eventually found on the houseboat that belonged to Versace that he had broken into after the murder. Police discovered he had killed himself, but did not leave a suicide note. The world \u2014 especially the fashion world \u2014 has mourned the untimely death of the talented Gianni Versace.\nCarl Switzer\nHal Roach Studios/YouTube", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nCarl Switzer was best known for being a child actor who played the iconic role of Alfalfa in the \"Our Gang\" comedy (which is now affectionately known to most people as \"The Little Rascals\"). \"Our Gang\" was so successful that it became a television series and would employ Switzer for years to come. Who can forget those sweet, sneaky little boys!?", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nAfter \"The Little Rascals,\" Switzer found himself much older, struggling for tiny roles on the big and small screen; it was clear that his days of being a successful actor were over (via History). He made his money working random jobs like bartending, and, unfortunately, had quite a few episodes with the local police. This is sadly not surprising as so many child actors head down a path of destruction.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nOn the night he was killed, Switzer and a friend went to the home of someone who was believed to owe him money. According to PopCrush, he was shot to death during an argument over $50 \u2013 the equivalent of a little less than $500 today, per DollarTimes. Moses Stiltz, the shooter, said the former child star threw a knife at him so he retaliated by shooting him in the stomach.\nArmando Gallo/Getty Images", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nLegendary soul singer Marvin Gaye sadly didn't live to see his 45th birthday; shockingly, the man who gave him life was also the one to take his life. Gaye was murdered by his own father.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nAccording to History, Gaye had a career lasting an incredible 25 years and was one of the most influential artists of his time. In his personal life, however, he never had the best relationship with his father, Marvin Gay Sr., dating back to childhood. Marvin Sr. was a preacher and an advocate of strict morals that he instilled in his children, albeit violently", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nIt was also rumored that he was secretly a cross-dresser, had issues with alcohol, and instead of being proud of his son, he was always jealous and resentful of his musical success.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nAfter winning a Grammy award and watching his song \"Sexual Healing\" rise to the top the charts, Marvin Jr. seemed to be in a fragile state; mentally, physically, and financially. He struggled with depression and substance abuse which led to him moving back in with his parents. The morning of his death, he was having an argument with his father that quickly became a physical fight. That's when Marvin Sr. took a revolver given to him by his son and shot him in his chest three times", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nAccording to Marvin Jr.'s brother Frankie, his chilling last words were \"I got what I wanted....I couldn't do it myself, so I made him do it\" (via History).", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nIf you or anyone you know needs help with addiction issues, help is available. Visit the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website or contact SAMHSA's National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).\nActor and comedian Phil Hartman made us laugh on \"Saturday Night Live\" and in many films. Hartman's comedic timing and the way he worked with the late Chris Farley on skits like \"Matt Foley: Motivational Speaker\" made Hartman a household name.", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nAccording to Biography, after two failed marriages, Hartman met his third wife, Brynn Omdahl, who was an aspiring model. Omdahl was previously addicted to cocaine, but was in recovery when she met and married Hartman. The couple had two children that he adored, and according to Hartman's friends, his career appeared to be thriving and he seemed incredibly content. Per the Los Angeles Times, Hartman told his friend Joe Dante, \"I have a plane. I have a boat. I have a great house. I have a great family", "10 Tragically Murdered Celebrities Whose Deaths Still Haunt Us Today\nHowever, Omdahl's career seemed to be at a stand-still, causing a rift between the couple and causing her to relapse. Her erratic behavior became increasingly worse, thus leading up to the tragic night. Per Biography, while under the influence, she shot and killed her husband Phil Hartman before turning the gun on herself. Hartman were survived by their now adult children, Birgen and Sean. Truly heart-breaking."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://dcvblogs.com/brady-mullen-obituary-brady-mullen-has-passed-away-death/

Brady Mullen Obituary, Brady Mullen Has Passed Away – Death

["Brady Mullen Obituary, Brady Mullen Has Passed Away \u2013 Death\nBrady Mullen Death, Obituary \u2013 During this difficult time, we want Michael and Laura Mullen, along with both of their families, to know that our thoughts and prayers are with them. You have our deepest condolences in this difficult time. As a result of finding out that one of our former players, Brady Mullen, has passed away, each and every one of us here at Tarbolton Amateurs is overcome with a great deal of sorrow. a cherished and dedicated partner throughout Melissa Power Mullen\u2019s life together", "Brady Mullen Obituary, Brady Mullen Has Passed Away \u2013 Death\nMullen, Darren (DJ), Casey, and Brady count themselves among the most fortunate children in the world to have a father who is so devoted to their family.", "Brady Mullen Obituary, Brady Mullen Has Passed Away \u2013 Death\nThe offspring that came into the world as a result of the union of John Lacombe Mullen and Pamela Lacombe. Both Ella Griffin and Adele Thibodeaux, who were related to Johnny J. Mullen and Aimee Griffin (Coreybrother. ), had an uncle by the name of Griffin. Ella was linked to Johnny J. Mullen, while Adele was related to Aimee Griffin. Age 38. The harsh reality of life; may you, poor little fellow, finally find some peace after all of this suffering", "Brady Mullen Obituary, Brady Mullen Has Passed Away \u2013 Death\nthe Army National Guard, excelled in the service he provided to his country and earned numerous accolades as a result of his efforts. The news of his passing will bring significant sorrow to a large number of people since he was a devoted spouse, parent, son, brother, and friend. This is why the news will bring such great pain.\nJakob Gibbon Obituary, Jakob Gibbon Has Passed Away \u2013 Death\nTed Savage Obituary, Former Cardinals Outfielder And Longtime Front Office Has Died -Death"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://thegreatoceanliners.com/articles/californian/

The Californian - Leyland Line.

["The Californian - Leyland Line.\nHome \u00bb Articles \u00bb 1900s \u00bb Californian\nby Daniel Othfors|Updated March 21st, 2018\nProfile view of the Leyland liner Californian.\nUpper decks of the Californian, looking towards the bow.\nThe bridge of the Californian.\nCalifornian photographed from the Carpathia on the morning of April 15, 1912.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nOne of the smaller companies running a regular service across the North Atlantic during the early years of the 20th century was the Leyland Line. Their speciality was cargo and the company\u2019s vessels did not carry many \u2013 if any at all \u2013 passengers.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nIn the middle of 1901, the Leyland Line commissioned a new liner to be built by the Caledon Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Ltd. Laid down as the yard\u2019s number 159, the success of the new ship was vital for the shipbuilding-company\u2019s establishment as a major ship-constructing centre.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nThe new liner would have a gross tonnage over 6,200 and the length would be almost 450 feet. Not too impressive for the day, though \u2013 the largest ship in 1901 was the White Star liner Celtic with a gross tonnage of 21,035 and a length of 700 feet. However, the Leyland liner did not have to be a showpiece to attract people \u2013 like so many other ships in the company, she would only carry a very small number of passengers", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nDuring the construction, the new liner\u2019s upper bridge deck was lengthened to include nineteen staterooms. The ship would be certified to carry 47 passengers. The passenger accommodation was on the ship\u2019s port side, while the crew resided on the starboard side. The rest of the space on board was reserved for cargo \u2013 mostly cotton. The crew compliment was 55.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nThe name for the new ship followed the trend of Leyland liners. In nine-inch brass letters, the name Californian was spelled out, under the counter stern, and on both forward sides.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nWhile the Californian was under construction, the Leyland Line was purchased by the ever-expanding I.M.M. (International Mercantile Marine), under the leadership of the American Junius Pierpont Morgan. To blend in with the other ships that had been devoured by the I.M.M., the Californian\u2019s passenger capacity was further increased.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nThe Californian\u2019s sea trials were carried out January 23, 1902, and then she prepared for her maiden voyage. On January 31, she left Dundee, Scotland and arrived safely at New Orleans on March 3. The return trip to Liverpool, which was her company\u2019s homeport, was completed on March 21.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nThe few passengers the Californian carried were given a high standard during their crossing. First, the whole ship was equipped with electric lighting. The smoking room had panelling in the finest oak, upholstered in embossed leather and the floor tiling was made out of rubber. The dining room was done in Hungarian ash and satinwood with teak frames, and upholstered in moquette.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nIn April the same year, the Californian was chartered by the Dominion Line \u2013 another member of the I.M.M., and was sent from Liverpool to Portland, Maine, USA. She was scheduled to make five voyages for the Dominion Line, and when these were completed in December 1902, the Californian was returned to her original owners the following month.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nFor her first ten years in service, the Californian had four different captains. By 1911, the master was Captain Stanley Lord \u2013 a man who would become world famous for his actions the next year.\nThe year 1912 did not start out well for the Californian. On February 20, she had left New York with a cargo of cotton, but when she arrived at Le Havre, France a month later, the cargo had been seriously damaged. Fifty-five bales of cotton had been sea damaged and another 567 bales were \u2018country damaged\u2019.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nAfter this voyage, the Californian sailed for Liverpool, which was to be her starting point for the next Atlantic crossing. On April 5, the Californian departed Liverpool for Boston. On April 14, the ship encountered ice and had to stop completely. Ever since a few days ago the Californian had received ice-messages from other ships on her wireless station", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nOther vessels in the area at the time were La Provence, Mount Temple, Ypiranga, Carpathia, Frankfurt, Baltic, Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm, Olympic, Celtic, Caronia, Cincinnati, Asian, Virginian and the world\u2019s largest ship \u2013 the White Star Line\u2019s 46,000-ton Titanic.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nThe Titanic had a tight schedule to live up to, and did not stop as the Californian had done. She continued at high speed through the icy waters until she hit an iceberg, which mortally wounded the great ship. The Titanic immediately started to send out assistance via her powerful wireless station. The time on board the Titanic was at the time of her first sent message 12.15 p.m., and the call was received by French Line\u2019s La Provence", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nThe White Star liner continued to send out these distress signals, but as the Californian\u2019s only wireless operator Cyril Evans had turned in for the night, the small Leyland liner could not receive the messages.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nAt 10.30 \u2013 Californian\u2019s time differed roughly twelve minutes from the Titanic\u2019s \u2013 Captain Lord had left the bridge and reported a light he had seen to the third officer. Lord thought it to be an approaching vessel, while the other officer saw it as a star. As the vessel approached the Californian, it was determined by Lord that it certainly could not be the Titanic \u2013 this looked like a much smaller vessel, something like the Californian in size. They estimated the distance to be about five miles.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nDuring the night, the officers on watch on board the Californian saw several rockets being fired from the ship nearby. No one wanted to wake Evans, and so they tried to make contact using a Morse lamp. After several attempts without getting any reply, they gave up. They assumed the rockets to be fired during a party on the other vessel, or that it was company signals. The rockets fired were white, which was not the international colour for distress.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nAt 1.50, Californian time, the officer on watch noticed the other vessel to be steaming away quickly. If this was the Titanic, it could have been when she started to go down quickly, creating an illusion for the people on board the Californian. However, historians debate if it was Titanic that the Californian saw. Some include a third vessel, and many think it to be the Norwegian wood sailing barque Samson", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nOn his deathbed many years later, the Samson\u2019s chief officer Henrik Naess swore he saw the Titanic lying nearby. If this is the truth, it puts the Californian out of any blame for not making her way to the Titanic. The Samson had sailed away quickly from the scene, as they were fishing illegally, and thought the nearby vessel to be the coast guard. So therefore, the Californian might have seen the Samson sailing away, and not the Titanic sinking.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nThe Titanic finally went down at 2.20 a.m. The Cunarder Carpathia was racing towards her, but could not reach the wounded giant in time. She arrived at the Titanic\u2019s last known position at 4.00 a.m. to save the 700 survivors in the lifeboats. The Californian did not know anything about the disaster until between 5.00 and 5.30 a.m. Then wireless operator Evans turned on his equipment again, and immediately received word that the Titanic had sunk in his vicinity at 2.20 a.m", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nThe Californian steamed to the given position at once, but found only the Carpathia, who was done with receiving all the survivors. The Californian searched the area for a while, but as she did not find anything, she returned to her duties.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nDuring the American and British disaster hearings afterwards, Captain Stanley Lord was accused of not having helped the Titanic, in spite that he had been so close. Captain Lord naturally protested, but the final word was said by the investigation authorities. Lord tried to clear his name, unsuccessfully, but as time went on he thought the world had forgot about the incident with his ship", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nBut in 1955, the book \u2018A Night to Remember\u2019 hit the screens, followed by a feature film in 1958, and Lord was certainly not depicted as the good man. Stanley Lord again turned to the British sea officer\u2019s company, for another try to clear his name. The company worked with his case until only a few years from now, when they came to a conclusion. The Titanic\u2019s wreck had been found in 1985, thereby giving the exact position and with this in mind, Stanley Lord was completely cleared", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nIt would have been impossible for him to reach the larger liner\u2019s position in time through the ice-field, even if he would have been notified at a very early stage. But at the same time, he was criticised for not having woken wireless operator Cyril Evans up in time.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\nAfter the disaster, the Californian continued her original service. In 1914, the First World War erupted with the shots in Sarajevo. The Californian sailed successfully until November 9, 1915, avoiding both mines and torpedoes. On that fateful November day, she was sailing in the waters off Cape Matapan, in the Mediterranean, when she was hit, without any warning, by torpedoes from an enemy submarine. The Californian went to the bottom with the loss of one man.\n448 feet (136.9 m) long\n54 feet (16.5 m) wide", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\n6,223 gross tons\nTriple-expansion engines powering a single propeller\n14 knot service speed\nPassenger capacity of 47 people, all in one class\nleyland line\nSaxonia (I)\n1900 \u2013 1925 / A large yet modest ship in the Cunard fleet at the time, the Saxonia was a workhorse that remained with the company until her scrapping in 1925.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\n1900 \u2013 1947 / Also known as Stockholm (I), Solglimt and Sonderburg / Launched as the Holland-America Line\u2019s largest ship thus far, the Potsdam would see a long career of nearly 50 years. She inaugurated the Swedish American Line as the first Stockholm, and was later converted into a whale factory ship.", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\n1900 \u2013 1925 / Also known as Victoria Luise and Hansa / An early German speed champion, the Deutschland suffered technical issues which affected her popularity. Having been used as a cruise ship in the years prior to World War I, she was eventually sent to the breakers.\nSuevic", "The Californian - Leyland Line.\n1901 \u2013 1942 / A combined passenger-cargo vessel, the Suevic was not the most glamorous of ships. However, her place in maritime history was cemented by the remarkable salvage operation that saved her career when she ran aground in 1907.\nPrevious post Cedric\nNext post Kronprinz Wilhelm"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.spartacus-educational.com/WmacmillanC.htm

Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist

["Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nWomen's Suffrage >\nChrystal Macmillan\nFirst World War >\nWomen at War >\nScotland: 1750-1950 >\nChrystal Macmillan, the only daughter in the family of nine children of John Macmillan, a wealthy tea merchant, was born in Edinburgh on 13th June 1882. She was educated at St Leonards School, and in 1892 was among the first women admitted to University of Edinburgh, where in 1896 she took a BSc with first-class honours in mathematics and natural philosophy.", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nIn 1902 she was a member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), the Edinburgh Ladies Debating Society and honorary secretary and treasurer of the Committee of Women Graduates of the Scottish Universities. A fellow member was Elsie Inglis.", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nAfter reading The Enfranchisement of Women, she contacted the author of the pamphlet, Elizabeth Wolstenholme-Elmy, for advice on women's suffrage. Under legislation of 1868 the Scottish universities had four MPs; the electorate was the general councils of the universities, which included all their graduates. Macmillan therefore decided to test out that the word \"person\", used throughout the statute, included women", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nIn 1908 she became the first woman to plead before the House of Lords when she advocated that women graduates should be given the vote. According to her biographer, Sybil Oldfield: \"Not herself a lawyer at this time, she showed considerable skill in presenting her case, but the case was rejected.\"", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nAs a result of the case Chrystal Macmillan published the pamphlet, The Struggle for Political Liberty (1909). She moved to London, where she served on the executive of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. Although she was a suffragist she did send a donation to the Women Social & Political Union in 1909. She was also an active member of the Women's Freedom League. In 1913 she became vice-president to the International Women's Suffrage Alliance.", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nOver the next few years she appeared before several committees of enquiry on matters of concern to women including those on street offences and unemployment insurance. Macmillan was also involved in the campaign against the law that resulted in women losing their citizenship when they married a foreigner.", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nIn July 1914 the NUWSS argued that Asquith's government should do everything possible to avoid a European war. Two days after the British government declared war on Germany on 4th August 1914, Millicent Fawcett declared that it was suspending all political activity until the conflict was over. Although the NUWSS supported the war effort, it did not follow the WSPU strategy of becoming involved in persuading young men to join the armed forces", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nDespite pressure from members of the NUWSS, Fawcett refused to argue against the First World War. Her biographer, Ray Strachey, argued: \"She stood like a rock in their path, opposing herself with all the great weight of her personal popularity and prestige to their use of the machinery and name of the union.\"", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nSybil Oldfield has argued: \"Chrystal Macmillan was a committed internationalist, believing that what all people had in common was more important than the frontiers that divided them. Immediately before the outbreak of war, she helped draft an international manifesto of women, signed by the representatives of twelve million women, and delivered it to the foreign secretary, Sir Edward Grey, and the European ambassadors in London on 31 July 1914.\"", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nAt a Council meeting of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies held in February 1915, Millicent Fawcett attacked the peace efforts of people like Mary Sheepshanks", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nFawcett argued that until the German armies had been driven out of France and Belgium: \"I believe it is akin to treason to talk of peace.\" After a stormy executive meeting in Buxton all the officers of the NUWSS (except the Treasurer) and ten members of the National Executive resigned over the decision not to support the Women's Peace Congress at the Hague", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nThis included Chrystal Macmillan, Kathleen Courtney, Margaret Ashton, Catherine Marshall, Eleanor Rathbone and Maude Royden, the editor of the The Common Cause.", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nIn April 1915, Aletta Jacobs, a suffragist in Holland, invited suffrage members all over the world to an International Congress of Women in the Hague. Some of the women who attended included Chrystal Macmillan, Mary Sheepshanks, Jane Addams, Alice Hamilton, Grace Abbott, Emily Bach, Lida Gustava Heymann, Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Kathleen Courtney, Emily Hobhouse, Rosika Schwimmer. At the conference the women formed the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WIL).", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nAfter the Armistice Macmillan was a delegate at the Paris Peace Conference. In May 1919 she was a delegate to the International Congress of Women in Z\u00fcrich, which issued the first public criticism of the punitive terms of the Versailles Treaty.", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nIn 1924 Macmillan was called to the English Bar, where she practised as a barrister, specializing in the nationally laws of married women. Cicely Hamilton argued: \"She was the right kind of lawyer, one who held that Law should be synonymous with Justice \u2026 Her chief aim in life - one might call it her passion - was to give every woman of every class and nation the essential protection of justice", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nShe was, herself, a great and very just human being\u2026 She could not budge an inch on matters of principle but she never lost her temper and never bore a grudge in defeat.\"", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nAs Elizabeth Crawford, the author of The Suffragette Movement (1999) has pointed out: \"In 1923 she was a founder member of the Open Door Council, working for equal employment opportunities of women, and in 1929 was a founder member and president of Open Door International.\" Macmillan unsuccessfully stood as a Liberal for Edinburgh North in the 1935 General Election.", "Chrystal Macmillan: Scottish Suffragist and Women's Rights Activist\nIn June 1937 Chrystal Macmillan had to have a leg amputated. She died following a heart-attack at her home at 8 Chalmers Crescent, Edinburgh, on 21st September 1937.\nBy John Simkin ([email protected]) \u00a9 September 1997 (updated November 2022).\nThe Ascent of Woman\nVotes for Women"]

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