Datasets:

Yusuf5

/

OpenCaselistTMP

like 0

1NC Shell:

DTD- dta illogical, time skew

WR AC

Framework

Radical alterity gets co-opted by larger systems of domination, naturalizing violence and reversing liberatory politics.

Sallydarity 12 Stacy, creator and editor of anarchalibrary.blogspot.com, formerly the “resources” section of anarcha.org, which provides a vast archive of items of interest to anarcha feminists. Queering Anarchism: Addressing and Undressing Power and Desire, “Gender Sabotage,” edited by C.B. Daring, J. Rogue, Deric Shannon, and Abbey Volcano

Sallydarity 12

1ar

Xi Good

No chance of India China war – Copenhagen summit proves cooperation is more likely

Ramachandran ‘9 (12/24/2009 (Sudha - independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India keeping up with the neighbor, The Asia Times, p. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KL24Df06.html)

Ramachandran ‘9

India

No Impact

Crises are temporary and never snowball

Ramachandran, 2009 (12/24, Sudha - independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India keeping up with the neighbor, The Asia Times, p. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KL24Df06.html)

Ramachandran 2009

1AC

Health Care

The history of Medicare supports our thesis – federal reimbursement and regulatory control brings the delivery of care into the public arena, forcing transformative shifts in equitable provision of health care.

Quadagno 2000 Jill Quadagno, Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy, 224 Pepper Center, Florida State University “Promoting Civil Rights through the Welfare State: How Medicare Integrated Southern Hospitals” SOCIAL PROBLEMS, Vol. 47, No. 1,pages 68-89.

Quadagno 2000

1AC

1AC Advantage

The history of Medicare supports our thesis – federal reimbursement and regulatory control brings the delivery of care into the public arena, forcing transformative shifts in equitable provision of health care.

Quadagno 2000 Jill Quadagno, Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy, 224 Pepper Center, Florida State University “Promoting Civil Rights through the Welfare State: How Medicare Integrated Southern Hospitals” SOCIAL PROBLEMS, Vol. 47, No. 1,pages 68-89.

Quadagno 2000

2AC – GSU

CP

AT: Roy

The CP fails—Roy cherrypicks hard

Sprung 14 (January 20th, 2014, Andrew Sprung is a freelance writer and media consultant, since fall 2013 has covered the Affordable Care Act implementation and health reform more generally, “What Avik Roy won't tell you about healthcare in Switzerland and Singapore,” http://xpostfactoid.blogspot.com/2014/01/what-avik-roy-wont-tell-you-about.html

Sprung 14

2AC

2AC

2AC — Case

Even if policymakers aren’t listening, discussing policy is important — it reinvents and reframes policy. That’s Schweller.

Round 3—Neg—Cal SW

1NR

china

Crises are temporary and never snowball

Ramachandran, 2009 (12/24, Sudha - independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India keeping up with the neighbor, The Asia Times, p. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KL24Df06.html)

Ramachandran 2009

1

Radical alterity gets co-opted by larger systems of domination, naturalizing violence and reversing liberatory politics. Turns case yet again and guts solvency.

Sallydarity 12 Stacy, creator and editor of anarchalibrary.blogspot.com, formerly the “resources” section of anarcha.org, which provides a vast archive of items of interest to anarcha feminists. Queering Anarchism: Addressing and Undressing Power and Desire, “Gender Sabotage,” edited by C.B. Daring, J. Rogue, Deric Shannon, and Abbey Volcano

Sallydarity 12

China

No chance – laundry list of reasons

Ramachandran 9 (12/24/09, Sudha - independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India keeping up with the neighbor, The Asia Times, p. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KL24Df06.html)

Ramachandran 9

1NC – SN – S

The advantage is zero risk—Biden solves EPA perception, but that’s contingent on his other policies, not the justification Scalia used in a random court decision—cross ex proves Biden already reversed the things their ev discusses

1NR

UQ

Taiwan

Trump’s legislative dealmaking skills need refining – It’s key to taxes

Baker 9/4 (Peter, staff @ NYT, “Trump Faces Deal-Making Challenges as Congress Returns”, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/04/us/politics/trump-congress-legislation.html)

Baker 9/4 (Peter, staff @ NYT, “Trump Faces Deal-Making Challenges as Congress Returns”, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/04/us/politics/trump-congress-legislation.html)

Subversivism K

Radical alterity gets co-opted by larger systems of domination, naturalizing violence and reversing liberatory politics. Turns case yet again and guts solvency.

Sallydarity 12 Stacy, creator and editor of anarchalibrary.blogspot.com, formerly the “resources” section of anarcha.org, which provides a vast archive of items of interest to anarcha feminists. Queering Anarchism: Addressing and Undressing Power and Desire, “Gender Sabotage,” edited by C.B. Daring, J. Rogue, Deric Shannon, and Abbey Volcano

Sallydarity 12

1AC

Crisis

First use is not credible in current US alliance structures

Daryl G. Kimball, Executive Director, Arms Control Association, “Taking First-Use of Nukes Off the Table: Good for the United States and the World,” WAR ON THE ROCKS, 7—14—16, https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/, accessed 8-2-18.

Kimball 16 , accessed 8-2-18.

Shell

Threats are constructed – their security discourse creates a self fulfilling prophecy that makes true understanding of structural causes behind “threats” impossible. Mack 91

Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

Off

K

Threats are constructed – their security discourse creates a self fulfilling prophecy that makes true understanding of structural causes behind “threats” impossible.

Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

K

Blaming Men – as the source mis-diagnoses what is responsible for male violence, perpetuating the idea that capital is not to blame.

And your aff – like the radial lesbian movements of the 70s – will be defeated, recuperated or co-opted under larger systems of domination

K

Threats are constructed – their security discourse creates a self-fulfilling prophecy that makes true understanding of structural causes behind “threats” impossible.

Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

1NC

2

Threats are constructed – their security discourse creates a self fulfilling prophecy that makes true understanding of structural causes behind “threats” impossible.

Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

1AC

1AC Strategic Stability

Only the aff solves – failure to adopt a credible NFU results in accidental war and miscalc

Kimball 16 – (Daryl, executive director of the nonpartisan, independent Arms Control Association.; 7/14/16; TAKING FIRST-USE OF NUKES OFF THE TABLE: GOOD FOR THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD; https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/)

Kimball 16 )

Ks

Queer Pess K

---Subversivism K

Radical alterity gets co-opted by larger systems of domination, naturalizing violence and reversing liberatory politics. Turns case yet again and guts solvency.

Sallydarity 12 Stacy, creator and editor of anarchalibrary.blogspot.com, formerly the “resources” section of anarcha.org, which provides a vast archive of items of interest to anarcha feminists. Queering Anarchism: Addressing and Undressing Power and Desire, “Gender Sabotage,” edited by C.B. Daring, J. Rogue, Deric Shannon, and Abbey Volcano

Sallydarity 12

1AC—Russia

The plan reinvigorates strategic stability – reassures Russia and China about US nuclear posture, prevents arms racing, and restores credible deterrence

Kimball, 16 – executive director of the nonpartisan, independent Arms Control Association (Daryl G. Kimball, "Taking First-Use of Nukes Off the Table: Good for the United States and the World," War on the Rocks, 6-6-2016, https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/)

Kimball, 16

K

Threats are constructed – their security discourse creates a self fulfilling prophecy that makes true understanding of structural causes behind “threats” impossible. Mack 91

Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

Underview

Reject extinction-first framing:

Case

Frwk

Case Overview

c1] Reform may not be perfect, but they improve the material conditions of disabled life – 1AR spin that ableist violence is evolving is a neg argument since disabled relation to the world has changed. THIS is OFFENSE against the Aff would say no to the ADA which has decreased workplace violence, allowed voting rights and increases employment for disabled folk.

1

D] Fairness is an impact – [1] it’s an intrinsic good – some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the activity – if it didn’t exist, then there wouldn’t be value to the game since judges could literally vote whatever way they wanted regardless of the competing arguments made [2] probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify skews [3] internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their education [4] comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, since it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it. This means they don’t get to weigh the aff.

T-FW

Violation: not a policy, not appropriation since space

1AC – Framing

4) Weighability - Only util explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital.

Framework

[1] Arbitrariness – absent universal ethics, morality is arbitrary and can’t guide action, making it useless.

T-FW

T isn’t violent –

1NC

1

B] Limits: their model has no resolutional bound and creates the possibility for literally an infinite number of 1ACs. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months. Cutting negs to every possible aff is a commitment even large squads can’t handle, let alone small schools like us.

CASE

2

Empirically disproven – income inequality has only skyrocketed since the 1980s, when Stark Trek aired

R5 – TOC – 1NC vs Stockdale GS

4

4 - outer is “further from the center or inside..” but the resolution is aspacial and doesn’t specify distance

NDCA R6

1NC – OFF

Practical reason means we all have a unified perspective: What can be justified to me can be justified to everyone who is a practical reasoner. If I can conclude that 2+2 is 4, then I understand not only that I know 2+2 is 4, but that everyone around me can arrive at the same conclusion. These things are temporally consistent: I know that me adding two numbers now and taking that sum will not result in me adding the same two numbers in the future and getting a different sum. Our unified perspective does not change but rather stays consistent.

1NC

Framing

5] No ev infinite unvierses exist -safer to assume consequences in this one

King RR – R2 – 1NC

2

B - you have one more speech to contest my ROB and weigh, I can only possibly answer your ROB in the 2n but you can do comparative weighing in the 2ar

King RR – R2 – 1NC

3

6 - by is “indicating the amount or size of a margin.” but the resolution and entities doesn’t specify

1] The suffering of one is the suffering of all, so aggregation punishes people for things outside of their control, which destroys moral culpability.

[1] Action theory – only viewing an agent as an active body capable of generating intentions can hold agents culpable and decipher the difference between actions and wishes. Small No Date, Will Small, Practical Knowledge and the Structure of Action, UChicago//Scopa Aspiring to do something differs from merely wishing for some state of affairs or event to obtain or transpire. As Anscombe notes, “[a] chief mark of an idle wish is that a man does nothing—whether he could or no—towards the fulfilment of the wish” (63, §36). Even though a mere or idle wish represents its object as in some sense good, it does not amount to practical thought because it has no inner tendency towards action, which is what practical thought is ultimately for.³² By contrast, just as an intention has the inner tendency to further articulate and re-articulate itself in action, so an aspiration has the inner tendency to articulate itself such that it becomes an intention. This articulation too is the work of practical reasoning: an agent’s aspiration can become an intention, by his coming up with a plan—by reasoning from the end which is at a distance, to an immediate means that he can take. This inner tendency towards such articulation—an inner tendency towards perfecting itself in action and practical knowledge—is what marks practical thought out as rationally efficacious; that is, as practical. It is in the nature of the thought ‘I want (aspire, intend) doing A’ and realizes that articulation in action and practical knowledge: ‘I am doing D by doing C by doing B by doing A’. Such inner efficacy is absent in mere wish”

Small No Date, Aspiring to do something differs from merely wishing “[a] chief mark of an idle wish is that a man does nothing towards the fulfilment of the wish” a mere wish does not amount to practical thought because it has no inner tendency towards action, which is what practical thought is ultimately for. an agent’s aspiration can become an intention, by his coming up with a plan This inner tendency towards such articulation is what marks practical thought out as rationally efficacious; as practical. It is in the nature of the thought ‘I want (aspire, intend) doing A’ and realizes that articulation in action and practical knowledge: ‘I am doing D by doing C by doing B by doing A’. Such inner efficacy is absent in mere wish”

UV

Contention (1.54)

[1] Aff gets 1AR theory—they can be infinitely abusive in the NC because I will have no ability to call them out on it. 1AR theory is drop the debater and competing interps because the speech is too short to be able to win substance and theory. No neg RVI or new 2nr paradigm issues or theory because the 6 min 2N could go all in on theory making short 2ar impossible.

CVE AC [SO20]

Offense

I contend that compulsory voting increases the ability of citizens to flourish in a democratic state.

Marks r2 1ac vs Loyola BM

Offense

2] Any human should not have the authority to dictate whether someone should lose their life – it’s a contradiction in conception because scientists and generals willing someone to die is incoherent because life would cease to exist. When they input human identities into the algorithms, they will that person to die via the lethal autonomous weapon.

Sustainable disarmament is possible- CWC and landmines prohibition prove arms control can work, won’t trigger a re-arm race, and creates new norms promoting peace

Tannenwald, PhD, 01

Tannenwald, PhD, 01

1NC

5

Threats are constructed – their security discourse creates a self fulfilling prophecy that makes true understanding of structural causes behind “threats” impossible.

Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., “The Psychodynamics of International Relationships” Vol 1 p. 58-59)

1AC Miscalculation

The plan solves --- a clear and credible NFU is key

Kimball 16 (Daryl, executive director of the nonpartisan, independent Arms Control Association, “TAKING FIRST-USE OF NUKES OFF THE TABLE: GOOD FOR THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD”, 7/14, https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/)

Kimball 16

1AC

Contention 2: Solvency

Sustainable disarmament is possible- CWC and landmines prohibition prove arms control can work, won’t trigger a re-arm race, and creates new norms promoting peace

Tannenwald, PhD, 01

Tannenwald, PhD, 01

1ac UMN FJ – Mary Washington

Norms

First use is not credible in current US alliance structures

Daryl G. Kimball, Executive Director, Arms Control Association, “Taking First-Use of Nukes Off the Table: Good for the United States and the World,” WAR ON THE ROCKS, 7—14—16, https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/, accessed 8-2-18.

Kimball 16 , accessed 8-2-18.

2AC

Allies

House

First-use threats aren’t credible for assurance since any first-use would be suicidal---the aff solves better by shifting focus to conventional assurance

Daryl G. Kimball 16, executive director of the Arms Control Association, 7/14/16, “TAKING FIRST-USE OF NUKES OFF THE TABLE: GOOD FOR THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD,” https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/

Kimball 16

Da-Prolif

1AC---New

Assurance---2AC

First-use threats aren’t credible for assurance since any first-use would be suicidal---the aff solves better by shifting focus to conventional assurance

Daryl G. Kimball 16, executive director of the Arms Control Association, 7/14/16, “TAKING FIRST-USE OF NUKES OFF THE TABLE: GOOD FOR THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD,” https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/

Kimball 16

1ar

A2 CyberCom Focus Tradeoff

Aff – CYBERCOM heg risks OCO against Russia and China – causes 1st strike

Kimball 16 (Daryl, executive director of the nonpartisan, independent Arms Control Association, “TAKING FIRST-USE OF NUKES OFF THE TABLE: GOOD FOR THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD”, 7/14, https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/)

Kimball 16

1AR

1AC—Policy

EPA---T/L---2AC

That outweighs costs and subsumes the link

Brad Finney, 19 - currently a federal law clerk for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. Prior to becoming a clerk, he was an associate in the Houston office of Norton Rose Fulbright "One WOTUS, Two POTUS: The Clean Water Act and the Economic Impact," Tennessee Law Review 86, no. 4 (Summer 2019): 895-964, Hein Online //DH

Finney, 19

1NR

Buscon

Adv 2

Perception matters more than reality

Brad Finney, 19 - currently a federal law clerk for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. Prior to becoming a clerk, he was an associate in the Houston office of Norton Rose Fulbright "One WOTUS, Two POTUS: The Clean Water Act and the Economic Impact," Tennessee Law Review 86, no. 4 (Summer 2019): 895-964, Hein Online //DH

Finney, 19

1AC vs Policy

Contention 2: Solvency

Sustainable disarmament is possible- CWC and landmines prohibition prove arms control can work, won’t trigger a re-arm race, and creates new norms promoting peace

Tannenwald, PhD, 01

Tannenwald, PhD, 01

1NR

Water Pollution

2NC---AT: Deterrence

Perception matters more than reality.

Brad Finney, 19 - currently a federal law clerk for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. Prior to becoming a clerk, he was an associate in the Houston office of Norton Rose Fulbright "One WOTUS, Two POTUS: The Clean Water Act and the Economic Impact," Tennessee Law Review 86, no. 4 (Summer 2019): 895-964, Hein Online //DH

Finney, 19

2ac

Prolif DA

Democracy

Allies don’t rely on first use – empirics and it’s not credible.

Kimball 16 Daryl G. Kimball, Executive Director, Arms Control Association, “Taking First-Use of Nukes Off the Table: Good for the United States and the World,” WAR ON THE ROCKS, 7—14—16, https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/, accessed 8-2-18.

Kimball 16 , accessed 8-2-18.

1AC

Contention 2: Solvency

Sustainable disarmament is possible- CWC and landmines prohibition prove arms control can work, won’t trigger a re-arm race, and creates new norms promoting peace

Tannenwald, PhD, 01

Tannenwald, PhD, 01

[Value] I affirm and value Social Justice, meaning government policy that treats people as they deserve.

[Standard] Thus, the standard is Promoting Material Equality. Promoting Material Equality means taking steps to resolve concrete disparities between people. This is a consequentialist standard that looks to policies’ outcomes with respect to equality, not util. Thus, generic disads and big impacts don’t link to the framework.

1AC

Framework

4. Prefer Ideal Theory-Non-ideal theory is epistemically bankrupt: a) relevance - every society has different injustices that occur – means we need ideal theory b) real world injustices need ideal principles to ground them and explain why they are wrong. You can’t measure something with a ruler constantly changing length.

UV

Adv 1: Virtue

An agent who has insufficient reason for doing what he does need not on that account be acting morally impermissibly. So let us say that an agent acts morally permissibly if and only if [their] action embodies a practical inference whose premises’ justifying force, if any, is not successfully undermined or defeated by any moral considerations. Let us call such practical inferences “permissible.” An agent acts permissibly, then, if and only if his action embodies a permissible practical inference.6 (For the sake of simplicity I shall sometimes, in what follows, revert to the preliminary formulation of the view, omitting the qualification about moral considerations.) Returning to the observation with which this section began, we can see that the inferential account easily explains why permissibility judgments cannot have mere occurrences as their objects. The power to act is a rational power: it is the power to do things for reasons. According to the inferential account, acting permissibly is a matter of not going astray (in a certain way) in one’s exercise of this power. It is a matter, roughly speaking, of basing one’s practical conclusions on adequate reasons. Adverbial permissibility judgments thus evaluate actions qua exercises of agency and not merely qua physical occurrences. What of actions performed for no reason, assuming for the moment that such actions are possible? We can think of an agent who acts for no reason as drawing a practical conclusion on the basis of no premises at all. If there is a moral reason for him not to act as he does, then the (nonexistent) justifying force of his premises is defeated by a moral consideration, and so he acts impermissibly. If there are no moral reasons for [them] not to act as he does, then the (nonexistent) justifying force of [their] premises is not defeated by any moral considerations, and so he acts permissibly. Even if there are actions performed for no reason, then, this needn’t be seen as a fatal blow to the inferential account.

Ethical Community

Framework:

b) My framework determines permissibility.

Lindeman. Mount Saint Mary College, Newburgh, faculty.msmc.edu/lindeman/mc.html.

Lindeman

1ac

Framing

Dominant moral calculus always prioritizes future suffering in the face of ongoing structural violence.

Olson 2015 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 2015

2AC

Case-Non-Prolif Norms

Assurance---2AC

First-use threats aren’t credible for assurance since any first-use would be suicidal---the aff solves better by shifting focus to conventional assurance

Daryl G. Kimball 16, executive director of the Arms Control Association, 7/14/16, “TAKING FIRST-USE OF NUKES OFF THE TABLE: GOOD FOR THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD,” https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/

Kimball 16

1AR

Ass DA

Assurance – Reassurance Solves – 1AR

That solves

Kimball 16 – Daryl G. Kimball, Executive Director, Arms Control Association, “Taking First-Use of Nukes Off the Table: Good for the United States and the World,” WAR ON THE ROCKS, 7—14—16, https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/taking-first-use-of-nukes-off-the-table-good-for-the-united-states-and-the-world/, accessed 8-2-18.

Kimball 16 , accessed 8-2-18.

1NR

Health DA

A2: Impact D

Yes bioterrorism – tech and knowledge widely available, security is lacking

Pellerin 14 (Cheryl, Columnist reporting on DOD News @ Defense Media Activity, "DoD Official: Global, National Efforts Tackle WMD Threat," http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=122774)

Pellerin 14

Contention 2 is the economy

Second is spending

Noboru Yamaguchi 2019, “Why a Constitutional Amendment Would Be a Good Idea：An Interview with Former GSDF Lieutenant General Noboru Yamaguchi,” 02-xx-2019, SPF, https://www.spf.org/iina/en/articles/yamaguchi_01.html //WP

Yamaguchi 2019

Yamaguchi 19 furthers

Noboru Yamaguchi 2019, “Why a Constitutional Amendment Would Be a Good Idea：An Interview with Former GSDF Lieutenant General Noboru Yamaguchi,” 02-xx-2019, SPF, https://www.spf.org/iina/en/articles/yamaguchi_01.html //WP

Yamaguchi 2019

1ac- populism

Framing

Incalculable future threats are weaponized as a tool to obscure and re-entrench current hierarchies and power structures in order to ignore and reify violence against the urgent body - you should refuse the negatives ethical blackmail and the constant urge to prevent extinction and align yourself with indigenous urgencyOlson 15 Elizabeth Olson, Professor of Geography and Global Studies at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, “Geography and ethics I: Waiting and urgency” (progress report), Progress in Human Geography, 2015, Vol. 39*(4) 517-526 PBM UMKC

III The body and the emergency Though the body is often presumed to be the most basic unit where urgency might be detected, only some dictionaries link urgency and the body through a ‘medical’ reference to the compelling need to defecate or urinate.5 Focusing on the different meanings of urgency runs the risk of obscuring language categories, but pushing together the two definitions – urgency as the need to defecate and urinate, and urgency as overwhelming force – is useful here, because my aim is to illustrate that the ethical work of urgency has been hijacked by an hierarchical organization of scales of moral deliberation. Specifically, our research suggests that the urgent body is cast as subjective and impulsive, while larger scales, such as the region, state or society, emerge as the scale of a rational ethics. While these are not new arguments about states (Scott, 1998) and their institutions (Foucault, 1995), geographic insights into toileting and securitizations suggest that technocratic practices both require and perpetuate an ethical distinction between the body and the large-scale future event, with the latter emerging as the only legitimate site of urgent claims and thus the dominant subject of moral reasoning.In research related to contemporary global toileting, the defecating body’s status as a legitimate ethical concern is more likely to be acknowledged when threatening the sanitation aims of cities and states. This is perhaps most evident in large metropolitan areas where uneven access to toilets amplifies social inequalities and human suffering (McFarlane, 2013). Jewitt’s (2011) examination of waste management in India and other countries in the Global South reveals that taboos around feces often justify inequality in two ways; first, by creating conditions of precarity through taboos in discussing personal sanitation and toilet practices, and second, by justifying social exclusion on the basis of inferior sanitation practices. The lack of access to sanitation infrastructure can also provide reasons for excluding informally settled populations from ambitiously modernizing cities. In cities like Kampala, Uganda, planners, development workers, and community organizers frame those who cannot use modern toilet facilities as threatening (Terreni-Brown, 2014a). Terreni-Brown (2014b) describes a group of female migrants selling goods outside of a large, upscale mall in Kampala, and their strategies for balancing the lack of access to a toilet with the danger and humiliation of going in the area behind their street-side location. Their desperate pain, induced by waiting hours until they can finally return to a more private location, contrasts with complaints of city planners and NGO workers who point to moral lethargy in the informal settlements that puts the city at risk. The poor, illegal, marginalized body is not a reasonable scale of urgency, nor is it the product of a thoughtful weighing of circumstances; in the face of a morally rational prioritization of a future Kampala, these bodily urgencies literally have no place in the modern city. Though toileting might be thought of as a special case of bodily urgency, geographic research suggests that the body is increasingly set at odds with larger scale ethical concerns, especially large-scale future events of forecasted suffering. Emergency planning is a particularly good example in which the large-scale threats of future suffering can distort moral reasoning. Zˇizˇek (2006) lightly develops this point in the context of the war on terror, where in the presence of fictitious and real ticking clocks and warning systems, the urgent body must be bypassed because there are bigger scales to worry about: What does this all-pervasive sense of urgency mean ethically? The pressure of events is so overbearing, the stakes are so high, that they necessitate a suspension of ordinary ethical concerns.

technocratic practices both require and perpetuate an ethical distinction between the body and the large-scale future event with the latter emerging as the only legitimate site of urgent claims and thus the dominant subject of moral reasoning threatening the sanitation aims of cities and states large-scale future events of forecasted suffering necessitate a suspension of ordinary ethical concerns

AFF

2AC Disadvantages

Prioritize Systemic over Future Events

The urgent body is controlled by dominant subjects who prioritize large scale future events

Olsen, professor of Geography and Global Studies at UNC-Chapel Hill ’15 [Elizabeth Olsen professor of Geography and Global Studies at UNC-Chapel Hill. “Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency.” Progress in Human Geography Vol. 39(4) 517–526. 7.12.19. AM] Though the body is often presumed to be the most basic unit where urgency might be detected, only some dictionaries link urgency and the body through a ‘medical’ reference to the compelling need to defecate or urinate.5 Focusing on the different meanings of urgency runs the risk of obscuring language categories, but pushing together the two definitions – urgency as the need to defecate and urinate, and urgency as overwhelming force – is useful here, because my aim is to illustrate that the ethical work of urgency has been hijacked by an hierarchical organization of scales of moral deliberation. Specifically, our research suggests that the urgent body is cast as subjective and impulsive, while larger scales, such as the region, state or society, emerge as the scale of a rational ethics. While these are not new arguments about states (Scott, 1998) and their institutions (Foucault, 1995), geographic insights into toileting and securitizations suggest that technocratic practices both require and perpetuate an ethical distinction between the body and the large-scale future event, with the latter emerging as the only legitimate site of urgent claims and thus the dominant subject of moral reasoning. In research related to contemporary global toileting, the defecating body’s status as a legitimate ethical concern is more likely to be acknowledged when threatening the sanitation aims of cities and states. This is perhaps most evident in large metropolitan areas where uneven access to toilets amplifies social inequalities and human suffering (McFarlane, 2013). Jewitt’s (2011) examination of waste management in India and other countries in the Global South reveals that taboos around feces often justify inequality in two ways; first, by creating conditions of precarity through taboos in discussing personal sanitation and toilet practices, and second, by justifying social exclusion on the basis of inferior sanitation practices. The lack of access to sanitation infrastructure can also provide reasons for excluding informally settled populations from ambitiously modernizing cities. In cities like Kampala, Uganda, planners, development workers, and community organizers frame those who cannot use modern toilet facilities as threatening (Terreni-Brown, 2014a). Terreni-Brown (2014b) describes a group of female migrants selling goods outside

Olsen, rofessor of Geography and Global Studies at UNC-Chapel Hill ’15 [Elizabeth Olsen professor of Geography and Global Studies at UNC-Chapel Hill. “Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency.” Progress in Human Geography Vol. 39(4) 517–526. 7.12.19. AM]

Native water rights 1ac

Framing

Dominant moral calculus always prioritizes future suffering in the face of ongoing structural violence.

Olson 2015 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 2015

1AC – Framing

4] Existential threats distort moral reasoning and ignore ongoing and urgent violence.

Olson ‘15 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson ‘15 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Devastatingly, Starr 14 finds,

Steven Starr, 5-30-14, “The Lethality of Nuclear Weapons: Nuclear War has No Winner”, Centre for Research on Globalization,

Starr 14

1AC

Framing

Dominant moral calculus always prioritizes future suffering in the face of ongoing violence

Olson 2015 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 2015

1NC – Harvard R5

1NC

3

Second, queer activism originated from and still functions through the white male perspective.

Moore 9 [An Interrogation of the Black Presence in the Queer Project Darnell L. MooreTrans-Scripts 1 (2011) Darnell L. Moore is a 2010 Visiting Scholar in the Center for the Study of Gender and Sexuality at New York University and is active in the queer of color organizing community in Newark, NJ. This paper was presented at the Feminism for the Planet: 5th Annual Rutgers Newark Women’s Studies Symposium in March 2009]

Moore 9

Harvard

R5 – kumail

3

Second, queer activism originated from and still functions through the white male perspective, Moore 2

William R. Dynes dates the start of today’s “queeritude” to June 1990 when the word “queer” [was] appeared on anonymous “I hate straights” leaflets distributed at gay pride marches in New York and other cities.3 The written invocation began with the words “Listen queers,” an aggressive term – imbued with rage – that was intended as a sign of resistance to “straights.” The formation of Queer Nation chapters in America and Canada followed. However, by the spring of 1995, Queer Nation was disbanded in US cities. An offshoot of the AIDS activist organization ACT-UP, Queer Nation function[ing]ed as a radical “queer” activist group that has been criticized for imagining itself to be primarily white and male. Thus, it seems that the term “queer” functioned as an exclusive term en vogue among queer activists who were white and male.

the start of the word “queer [was] Queer Nation function[ing] as a radical “queer” activist group criticized for imagining itself to be primarily white and male Thus it seems that the term “queer” functioned as an exclusive term among queer activists who were white and male

Framing

Your calculus is not neutral, but structurally inhibiting --- reject the framing of “urgent bodies” as a calculative frame for life.

Olson 15 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill

Olson 15 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill

1ac

Framing

Dominant moral calculus always prioritizes future suffering in the face of ongoing structural violence.

Olson 2015 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 2015

1AC

Framing

Voting aff prioritizes urgent bodies that are being ethically bypassed via failed water policy. You should refuse debate’s constant urge to prevent incalculable future threats and recognize the urgency of gendered violence.

Olson 15 (Elizabeth Olson, professor of geography and global studies at UNC Chapel Hill, 8-5-2015, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 15

1AC – Taiwan [GBX R6]

1AC – Cooperation

China sees arms sales as an encroachment on their sphere of influence

Lopez 19 (Linette, "Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses", Business Insider, 6-11-2019, https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations, 8-11-2019. Linette is the senior finance correspondent at Business Insider, most recently she's been focusing her reporting on Tesla and the Chinese economy. She joined BI in the summer of 2011 after graduating from Columbia University's School of Journalism. There she concentrated her studies on business and international journalism as well as audio production. She also holds a BA from Columbia University, where she finished her undergraduate education in 2008.) //bc

Lopez 19

1AC

Framing

Dominant moral calculus always prioritizes future suffering in the face of ongoing violence

Olson 2015 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 2015

1AC

1AC – Cooperation

China sees arms sales as an encroachment on their sphere of influence

Lopez 19 (Linette, "Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses", Business Insider, 6-11-2019, https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations, 8-11-2019. Linette is the senior finance correspondent at Business Insider, most recently she's been focusing her reporting on Tesla and the Chinese economy. She joined BI in the summer of 2011 after graduating from Columbia University's School of Journalism. There she concentrated her studies on business and international journalism as well as audio production. She also holds a BA from Columbia University, where she finished her undergraduate education in 2008.) //bc

Lopez 19

T – Subsets

Appeasement DA

T- Subsets – 2AC

Upcoming approval of Taiwan arms sales ruins US-China relations-kills cooperation

Lopez, 6/11 – senior finance correspondent at Business Insider (Linette, “Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses,” https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations?module=topTout&area=links)//RCU

Lopez, 6/11

1AC

Framing

Dominant moral calculus always prioritizes future suffering in the face of ongoing violence

Olson 2015 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 2015

2NC

K

2AC---Alt

Prioritize ongoing violence – existential risk focus flips scenario planning

Olson 15 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill

Olson 15 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill

1ac

Framing

Dominant moral calculus always prioritizes future suffering in the face of ongoing structural violence.

Olson 2015 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 2015

AC – Undisclosed Information

FW: Structural Violence

Ethical calculus should be centered on structural violence – a focus on large-scale threats of suffering or abstract questions of morality justifies infinite material violence towards disposed communities. Our framing is a pre-requisite to any other ethical theory since oppression distorts all moral reasoning

Olson 15 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill

Olson 15

1AC

1AC – Cooperation

China sees arms sales as an encroachment on their sphere of influence

Lopez 19 (Linette, "Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses", Business Insider, 6-11-2019, https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations, 8-11-2019. Linette is the senior finance correspondent at Business Insider, most recently she's been focusing her reporting on Tesla and the Chinese economy. She joined BI in the summer of 2011 after graduating from Columbia University's School of Journalism. There she concentrated her studies on business and international journalism as well as audio production. She also holds a BA from Columbia University, where she finished her undergraduate education in 2008.) //bc

Lopez 19

1AC

Framing

Dominant moral calculus always prioritizes future suffering in the face of ongoing structural violence.

Olson 2015 – prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 2015

Taiwan Masterfile

1AC

solvency

China won’t negotiate over Taiwan because of the one China policy–only US unilateral concessions signifies accommodation

Lopez 19 Linette Lopez, 6-11-2019, "Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses," Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations//ALiang

Lopez 19

2AC

Pandemics A/O

Upcoming approval of Taiwan arms sales ruins US-China relations-kills cooperation

Lopez, 6/11 – senior finance correspondent at Business Insider (Linette, “Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses,” https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations?module=topTout&area=links)//RCU

Lopez, 6/11

1AC

1AC – Framing

Large scale threats distort the impact of structural violence.

Olson, 15—Prof of geography @ UNC Chapel Hill (Elizabeth, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson, 15

1AC --- Westlake EE R1 Loyola

Large-scale threats of future suffering collapses ethics and creates a form of temporal blackmail --- the only ethical response is to refuse that bribery and align yourself with feminist urgency

Olson 15 (Elizabeth, professor of geography and global studies at UNC Chapel Hill, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 15 professor of geography and global studies at UNC Chapel Hill, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Fem IR—HKMM

Impacts

AT: Magnitude/Future Lives

Large-scale threats of future suffering collapses ethics and creates a bodily paradigm of worthy versus unworthy- the only ethical response is to refuse that bribery and align yourself with a framing that finally gives credence to urgent bodies

Olson 15

Olson 15

2AC

Pandemics A/O

Upcoming approval of Taiwan arms sales ruins US-China relations

Lopez, 6/11 – senior finance correspondent at Business Insider (Linette, “Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses,” https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations?module=topTout&area=links)//RCU

Lopez, 6/11

1ac – mba ps – greenhill

Relations

Current Taiwan arms sales ensure a major breakdown in US-Sino relations

Linette Lopez 19, senior finance correspondent at Business Insider, 6-11-2019, “Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses,” https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations?module=topTout&area=links)

Lopez 19

FW

Large-scale threats of future suffering collapses ethics and creates a form of temporal blackmail- the only ethical response is to refuse that bribery and align yourself with feminist urgency

Olson 15

Olson 15

1ac – mba ps – Westminster – V1

Relations

Current Taiwan arms sales ensure a major breakdown in US-Sino relations

Linette Lopez 19, senior finance correspondent at Business Insider, 6-11-2019, “Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses,” https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations?module=topTout&area=links)

Lopez 19

1AC — Taiwan — MC

Relations

Current Taiwan arms sales ensure a major breakdown in US-Sino relations

Linette Lopez 19, senior finance correspondent at Business Insider, 6-11-2019, “Forget the trade war — a bigger conflict between the US and China is playing out right under our noses,” https://www.businessinsider.com/us-arms-sales-to-taiwan-bigger-threat-to-us-china-relations?module=topTout&area=links)

Lopez 19

AFF

Strong Left Version

1AC – Human Rights

Large-scale threats of future suffering collapse ethics and creates a form of temporal blackmail- the only ethical response is to refuse that bribery and align yourself with the urgency of those currently suffering

Olson 15 - professor of geography and global studies at UNC [Elizabeth, Chapel Hill, ‘Geography and Ethics I: Waiting and Urgency,’ Progress in Human Geography, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 517-526)

Olson 15 - professor of geography and global studies at UNC