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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Events from the year 1442 in France", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Incumbents", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Monarch – Charles VII", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs", "text": "Monarch", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France", "text": "Charles VII", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "29 August – John V, Duke of Brittany (born 1389)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_V,_Duke_of_Brittany", "text": "John V, Duke of Brittany", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "18 December – Pierre Cauchon, bishop (born 1371)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cauchon", "text": "Pierre Cauchon", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Juan Benet (born March 1988) is an American computer scientist. He is the founder and CEO of Protocol Labs, a computer networking research and development company. He designed the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), a decentralized web protocol, and Filecoin, a peer-to-peer file storage network.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_Labs", "text": "Protocol Labs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network", "text": "computer networking", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System", "text": "InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filecoin", "text": "Filecoin", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Career", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Benet graduated from Stanford University where he studied machine learning. From January 2010 to December 2011, he was CTO of Loki Studios, leading development on the location-based multiplayer mobile game Geomon. The firm was acquired by Yahoo! in May 2013.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University", "text": "Stanford University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!", "text": "Yahoo!", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Benet founded Protocol Labs in May 2014, going through the Y-Combinator incubator that summer, to support development of IPFS and related infrastructure for a distributed web. These included libp2p for network communication, and Filecoin for insuring decentralized storage. To support the Filecoin launch, Benet developed the SAFT legal framework with Marco Santori, and founded CoinList, a token sale and investment platform.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Combinator_(company)", "text": "Y-Combinator", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2018, Benet was named one of Fortune magazine 's \"40 under 40\" in recognition of his work creating IPFS.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)", "text": "Fortune magazine", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1906 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 6, 1906, to elect members to the Senate of the 35th and 36th Minnesota Legislatures.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state", "text": "U.S. state", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota", "text": "Minnesota", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Senate", "text": "Senate", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Legislature", "text": "Minnesota Legislatures", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Minnesota Republican Party won a large majority of seats, followed by the Minnesota Democratic Party and the People's Party. The new Legislature convened on January 8, 1907.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Minnesota", "text": "Minnesota Republican Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic_Party", "text": "Minnesota Democratic Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Party_(United_States)", "text": "People's Party", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "31 Republicans and 4 Democrats were uncontested.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This article is about the particular significance of the century 1101–1200 to Wales and its people.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales", "text": "Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_people", "text": "its people", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1102", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Henry I of England has a series of charges drawn up against the rebel Robert of Bellême, Earl of Shrewsbury and, when Robert refuses to answer to them, has Robert's former vassal and ally Iorwerth ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys, persuaded to besiege and capture Robert's castles in Shropshire; Iorwerth also delivers his own brother Maredudd ap Bleddyn to the king. The king banishes Robert and his brothers from England and Wales; his brother Arnulf of Montgomery, lord of Pembroke, goes to serve his father-in-law, Muirchertach Ua Briain, High King of Ireland.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England", "text": "Henry I of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_of_Bellême,_3rd_Earl_of_Shrewsbury", "text": "Robert of Bellême, Earl of Shrewsbury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iorwerth_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powys", "text": "Powys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shropshire", "text": "Shropshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maredudd_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Maredudd ap Bleddyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_and_Wales", "text": "England and Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_of_Montgomery", "text": "Arnulf of Montgomery", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Pembroke", "text": "lord of Pembroke", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muirchertach_Ua_Briain", "text": "Muirchertach Ua Briain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland", "text": "High King of Ireland", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gerald de Windsor is appointed by Henry I of England as Constable of Pembroke Castle.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_de_Windsor", "text": "Gerald de Windsor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembroke_Castle", "text": "Pembroke Castle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1103", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys, having been insufficiently rewarded for his actions the previous year, again rebels against Henry I and is arraigned before a royal tribunal at Shrewsbury, convicted and imprisoned, leaving his brother Cadwgan ap Bleddyn as sole ruler of the parts of Powys not already in Norman hands.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iorwerth_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powys", "text": "Powys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury", "text": "Shrewsbury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwgan_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Cadwgan ap Bleddyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1109", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Nest ferch Rhys is abducted from Cilgerran Castle by Owain ap Cadwgan, son of Cadwgan ap Bleddyn.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest_ferch_Rhys", "text": "Nest ferch Rhys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilgerran_Castle", "text": "Cilgerran Castle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_ap_Cadwgan", "text": "Owain ap Cadwgan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwgan_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Cadwgan ap Bleddyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1110", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadwgan ap Bleddyn loses Ceredigion to the Norman Gilbert Fitz Richard.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwgan_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Cadwgan ap Bleddyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Fitz_Richard", "text": "Gilbert Fitz Richard", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn is released from prison.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iorwerth_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Philip de Braose, 2nd Lord of Bramber, rebels against King Henry I of England, and his estates are confiscated.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_de_Braose", "text": "Philip de Braose", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England", "text": "Henry I of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1111", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Madog ap Rhiryd, an ally of Owain ap Cadwgan, kills Iorwerth ap Bleddyn (Owain's uncle) near Llanfair Caereinion, soon afterwards also killing Iorwerth's brother Cadwgan ap Bleddyn at Welshpool (Y Trallwng) so that Owain takes over their possessions in Powys.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madog_ap_Rhiryd", "text": "Madog ap Rhiryd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_ap_Cadwgan", "text": "Owain ap Cadwgan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iorwerth_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanfair_Caereinion", "text": "Llanfair Caereinion", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwgan_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Cadwgan ap Bleddyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welshpool", "text": "Welshpool", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1112", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "William de Braose regains possession of the estates lost two years earlier.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1113", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth, heir of Rhys ap Tewdwr, returns from exile in Ireland.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhys", "text": "Gruffydd ap Rhys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Tewdwr", "text": "Rhys ap Tewdwr", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Maredudd ap Bleddyn captures Madog ap Rhiryd and sends him to Maredudd's nephew, Owain ap Cadwgan, Prince of Powys, who takes revenge for the killing of his father by having Madog's eyes gouged out.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maredudd_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Maredudd ap Bleddyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madog_ap_Rhiryd", "text": "Madog ap Rhiryd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_ap_Cadwgan", "text": "Owain ap Cadwgan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1114", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "King Henry I of England invades Gwynedd, obliging Gruffudd ap Cynan to pay homage to him.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England", "text": "Henry I of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffudd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Gruffudd ap Cynan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1115", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bernard replaces Wilfred as Bishop of St David's, as a result of Henry I's determination to take the diocese out of Welsh control.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_(bishop_of_St_David's)", "text": "Bernard", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain ap Cadwgan is knighted by King Henry I of England for his service in Normandy.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_ap_Cadwgan", "text": "Owain ap Cadwgan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England", "text": "Henry I of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gruffydd ap Rhys seeks sanctuary in Gwynedd but receives no assistance from Gruffudd ap Cynan.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhys", "text": "Gruffydd ap Rhys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffudd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Gruffudd ap Cynan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1116", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Revolt against the Normans, led by Gruffydd ap Rhys. He successfully attacks Swansea Castle, Carmarthen Castle, and Kidwelly Castle, but fails to take Castle Llanmyddyfri or Aberystwyth.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhys", "text": "Gruffydd ap Rhys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Castle", "text": "Swansea Castle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmarthen_Castle", "text": "Carmarthen Castle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidwelly_Castle", "text": "Kidwelly Castle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llandovery_Castle", "text": "Castle Llanmyddyfri", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberystwyth", "text": "Aberystwyth", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1119", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bernard, Bishop of St David's, attends the council of Reims.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_(bishop_of_St_David's)", "text": "Bernard, Bishop of St David's", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Reims", "text": "council of Reims", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1120", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "4 April – The Archbishop of Canterbury grants a request from Gruffudd ap Cynan to recognise David the Scot as Bishop of Bangor.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_April", "text": "4 April", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury", "text": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffudd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Gruffudd ap Cynan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_the_Scot", "text": "David the Scot", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Bangor", "text": "Bishop of Bangor", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May – The remains of Dubricius (Saint Dyfrig) are moved from Bangor to Llandaff.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubricius", "text": "Dubricius", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Canonization of Saint David is recognised by Pope Callixtus II.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_David", "text": "Saint David", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_II", "text": "Pope Callixtus II", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1121", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April/May – Sibyl, daughter of Bernard de Neufmarché, marries Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford; the marriage is personally arranged by King Henry I of England.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibyl_de_Neufmarché", "text": "Sibyl", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_of_Gloucester,_1st_Earl_of_Hereford", "text": "Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England", "text": "Henry I of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Robert Turberville is recorded as a principal tenant of Bernard de Neufmarché at Crickhowell.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_de_Neufmarché", "text": "Bernard de Neufmarché", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crickhowell", "text": "Crickhowell", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Walter of Gloucester enters Llanthony Priory as a monk; his title passes to his son Miles.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_of_Gloucester", "text": "Walter of Gloucester", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanthony_Priory", "text": "Llanthony Priory", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1123", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bernard, Bishop of St David's, visits Rome.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_(bishop_of_St_David's)", "text": "Bernard, Bishop of St David's", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1124", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadwallon ap Gruffydd kills the three rulers of the cantref of Dyffryn Clwyd, Meilyr ab Owain, Rhiryd ab Owain and Gronw ab Owain, his maternal uncles, to annexe it to his father's Kingdom of Gwynedd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Gruffydd?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Cadwallon ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantref", "text": "cantref", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyffryn_Clwyd", "text": "Dyffryn Clwyd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation", "text": "annexe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd", "text": "Kingdom of Gwynedd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1125", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bernard, Bishop of St David's, ejects the Benedictines from Carmarthen, replacing them with the Augustinian order.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "David, Bishop of Bangor, visits the Archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1127", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop Urban of Llandaff unsuccessfully seeks support from the Council of Westminster to extend the boundaries of his diocese from the River Tawe to the River Towy.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_(bishop_of_Llandaff)", "text": "Bishop Urban of Llandaff", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Tawe", "text": "River Tawe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Towy", "text": "River Towy", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth goes into a brief exile in Ireland.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhys", "text": "Gruffydd ap Rhys", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Caradog ap Iestyn of Glamorgan, and his brothers Gruffydd and Goronwy are involved in a “deed of violence”.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caradog_ap_Iestyn?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Caradog ap Iestyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1128", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "19 April - Bishop Urban of Llandaff seeks support from the Pope for the extension of his diocese.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_April", "text": "19 April", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1129", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop Urban of Llandaff makes a second appeal to the Pope. Bishop Bernard of St David's follows him to Rome and obtains a deferment of the decision.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bledri ap Cydifor makes a grant of land to Carmarthen Priory.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bledri_ap_Cydifor", "text": "Bledri ap Cydifor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmarthen_Priory", "text": "Carmarthen Priory", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Richard I de Grenville makes a grant of land to the Congregation of Savigny for foundation of Neath Abbey; the first monks arrive in 1130.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_de_Grenville", "text": "Richard I de Grenville", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_of_Savigny", "text": "Congregation of Savigny", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neath_Abbey", "text": "Neath Abbey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The name of Geoffrey of Monmouth appears on the charter of Osney Abbey in Oxfordshire.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth", "text": "Geoffrey of Monmouth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osney_Abbey", "text": "Osney Abbey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Penhow Castle is first known to be occupied.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penhow_Castle", "text": "Penhow Castle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1130", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Robert de Bethune, prior of Llanthony, is made Bishop of Hereford by King Henry I of England.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Bethune", "text": "Robert de Bethune", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanthony_Priory", "text": "Llanthony", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England", "text": "Henry I of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Construction of Painscastle by Pain fitzJohn.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painscastle_Castle", "text": "Painscastle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_fitzJohn", "text": "Pain fitzJohn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1131", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "9 May - Tintern Abbey is founded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_May", "text": "9 May", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintern_Abbey", "text": "Tintern Abbey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bernard, Bishop of St David's, is present at a second council of Reims. His cathedral at St David's receives a “dedication”, possibly indicating a partial rebuilding.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Reims", "text": "council of Reims", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1132", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Basingwerk Abbey is founded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basingwerk_Abbey", "text": "Basingwerk Abbey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Madog ap Maredudd succeeds his father as ruler of Powys.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madog_ap_Maredudd", "text": "Madog ap Maredudd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1133", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadwallon ap Gruffydd is defeated and killed by an army of the Kingdom of Powys near Nanheudwy.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Gruffydd?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Cadwallon ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys", "text": "Kingdom of Powys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanheudwy", "text": "Nanheudwy", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1135", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Monks of Llanthony Priory are forced by persistent attacks from the local population to flee across the English border and establish a daughter cell, Llanthony Secunda.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanthony_Priory", "text": "Llanthony Priory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanthony_Secunda", "text": "Llanthony Secunda", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Geoffrey of Monmouth gives permission to Caradog of Llancarfan to use material from his History of the Kings of Britain. Ordericus Vitalis quotes from Geoffrey's work in his Historia Ecclesiastica.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth", "text": "Geoffrey of Monmouth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caradog_of_Llancarfan", "text": "Caradog of Llancarfan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordericus_Vitalis", "text": "Ordericus Vitalis", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1136", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January - Rebellion breaks out in Ceredigion. Owain Gwynedd and his brother Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd invade the region and take five of its castles, including Aberystwyth.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd is killed in battle near Kidwelly.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenllian_ferch_Gruffydd", "text": "Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidwelly", "text": "Kidwelly", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September/October - Battle of Crug Mawr; a signal victory for the Welsh.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crug_Mawr", "text": "Battle of Crug Mawr", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cardigan Castle is taken by the Welsh and burned.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardigan_Castle", "text": "Cardigan Castle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Llanthony Secunda Priory is founded by Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanthony_Secunda", "text": "Llanthony Secunda", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_of_Gloucester,_1st_Earl_of_Hereford", "text": "Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1137", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Death of Gruffudd ap Cynan, king of Gwynedd; he is replaced by Owain Gwynedd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffudd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Gruffudd ap Cynan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Gwynedd", "text": "king of Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain and his brother Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan complete their conquest of Ceredigion by capturing the castles in the east and south of the region.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "William of Wycombe becomes prior of Llanthony Priory.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Wycombe", "text": "William of Wycombe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanthony_Priory", "text": "Llanthony Priory", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1138", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "A shrine to St Winefride is established in Shrewsbury, and the saint's remains are transferred there from Holywell.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winefride", "text": "Winefride", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury", "text": "Shrewsbury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holywell,_Flintshire", "text": "Holywell", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan fail to take Cardigan with the aid of a Danish fleet. Their allies include Anarawd ap Gruffydd and his brother Cadell. Cadwaladr consolidates their previous gains and retains control of northern Ceredigion.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarawd_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Anarawd ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadell_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Cadell", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "King Stephen of England gives Gilbert de Clare the title of Earl of Pembroke.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_of_England", "text": "Stephen of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke", "text": "Gilbert de Clare", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1139", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain Gwynedd places southern Ceredigion under the control of his son Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain and his brother Cadwaladr oppose the appointment of Meurig to the see of Bangor. They are supported by Anarawd ap Gruffydd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meurig_(bishop)", "text": "Meurig", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarawd_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Anarawd ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1140", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January - Meurig is consecrated Bishop of Bangor.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meurig_(bishop)", "text": "Meurig", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "16 September – Whitland Abbey is founded at Little Trefgarn near Haverfordwest by monks from Clairvaux.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_September", "text": "16 September", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitland_Abbey", "text": "Whitland Abbey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haverfordwest", "text": "Haverfordwest", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clairvaux_Abbey", "text": "Clairvaux", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1141", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "2 February – Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan is an ally of Earl Randolph of Chester in his attack on Lincoln.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_February", "text": "2 February", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ewenny Priory is founded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewenny_Priory", "text": "Ewenny Priory", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1143", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Following the murder of Anarawd ap Gruffydd by supporters of Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan, Owain Gwynedd and his son Hywel drive Cadwaladr out of Ceredigion.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarawd_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Anarawd ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Hywel", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gilbert is appointed Bishop of St Asaph.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_St_Asaph", "text": "Bishop of St Asaph", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1144", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bernard, Bishop of St David's, gives land at Trefgarn to the first Cistercian monks to settle in west Wales.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan brings a Danish fleet to Abermenai from his Irish allies; the Danes are driven out by his brother Owain Gwynedd. Cadwaladr is reconciled with Owain and restored to Ceredigion.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hugh de Mortimer recaptures Maelienydd and Elfael from the Welsh.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_de_Mortimer", "text": "Hugh de Mortimer", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1145", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd and his brother Cynan sack Cardigan but fail to take the castle.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hugh de Mortimer captures a local leader, Rhys ap Hywel.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_de_Mortimer", "text": "Hugh de Mortimer", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke, fortifies the castle of “Dinwileir”.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke", "text": "Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1146", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain Gwynedd takes Mold from Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold,_Flintshire", "text": "Mold", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranulf_de_Gernon,_4th_Earl_of_Chester", "text": "Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadell ap Gruffydd takes the castle of Dinwileir from Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke. With help from Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd, he also takes the castles of Carmarthen and Llansteffan. Rhys ap Gruffydd (the Lord Rhys) begins his military career, aged 13, fighting under his brother Cadell.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadell_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Cadell ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke", "text": "Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hugh de Mortimer brings about the death of Maredudd ap Madog ab Idnerth.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_de_Mortimer", "text": "Hugh de Mortimer", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1147", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "In alliance with Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd and the Fitzgeralds of Pembroke, Cadell ap Gruffydd takes the castle of Wiston from Walter Fitzwiz.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadell_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Cadell ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Fitzwiz?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Walter Fitzwiz", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd and his brother Cynan invade Meirionnydd and take the castle of Cynfail from their uncle, Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Margam Abbey founded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margam_Abbey", "text": "Margam Abbey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1148", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "19 December – David FitzGerald is consecrated Bishop of St David's, at Canterbury.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_December", "text": "19 December", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_FitzGerald", "text": "David FitzGerald", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_St_David's", "text": "Bishop of St David's", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1149", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Madog ap Maredudd mounts an expedition into England and takes the Fitzalan lordship of Oswestry. He appoints his nephew Owain Cyfeiliog to rule Cyfeiliog on his behalf.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madog_ap_Maredudd", "text": "Madog ap Maredudd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswestry", "text": "Oswestry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Tegeingl and Iâl are annexed by Owain Gwynedd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegeingl", "text": "Tegeingl", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1150", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadell ap Gruffydd launches a raid on Kidwelly.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadell_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Cadell ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd is imprisoned by his father Owain Gwynedd, for unspecified reasons.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynan_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd captures his cousin Cadfan, son of Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan, and occupies the new castle at Llanrhystud.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bertha of Hereford marries William de Braose, 3rd Lord of Bramber.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_of_Hereford", "text": "Bertha of Hereford", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Braose,_3rd_Lord_of_Bramber", "text": "William de Braose, 3rd Lord of Bramber", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1151", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadell ap Gruffydd is attacked by Normans while hunting in the forest of Coed Rhath. Although he survives the attack, he is unable to continue his military activities.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadell_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Cadell ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1152", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "21 February - Geoffrey of Monmouth is consecrated Bishop of St Asaph, ten days after being ordained a priest.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_February", "text": "21 February", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth", "text": "Geoffrey of Monmouth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_St_Asaph", "text": "Bishop of St Asaph", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Another quarrel takes place between Owain Gwynedd and his brother Cadwaladr; Cadwaladr goes into exile in England.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1153", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadell ap Gruffydd makes a pilgrimage to Rome. His brothers Maredudd and Rhys ap Gruffydd drive Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd out of Ceredigion.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadell_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Cadell ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceredigion", "text": "Ceredigion", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rhys ap Gruffydd attacks the territory of Owain Cyfeiliog, beginning a feud between the two princes, and captures the Norman castle at St Clears.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Clears", "text": "St Clears", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1154", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Morgan ab Owain, grandson of Caradog ap Gruffydd, is recognised as lord of Caerleon by King Henry II of England.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caradog_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Caradog ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1155", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "The sudden death of Maredudd ap Gruffydd leaves his brother Rhys sole ruler of Deheubarth.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maredudd_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Maredudd ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deheubarth", "text": "Deheubarth", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1157", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "King Henry II of England invades Wales, with the support of Madog ap Maredudd, attacking Anglesey by sea. Following a highly successful ambush in Hawarden Woods (led by Owain's sons Dafydd and Cynan) near Ewloe in north-east Wales, Owain Gwynedd repulsed Henry II's army, his forces scattering in disarray and his royal standard was thrown to the ground; a symbol of surrender in those times. The standard bearer was later killed in a judicial duel connected to this humiliating retreat. King Henry escaped with his life but had suffered a humiliating set back. Realising that further confronting the Plantagenet king would be a highly risky affair, the subsequent peace agreement between Henry and Owain saw the latter buy peace with a certain number of cattle and, although he also cedes Tegeingl to Henry; it is recovered into Welsh hands in the late 1160s. Owain is also made to return his brother Cadwaladr to his former position.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madog_ap_Maredudd", "text": "Madog ap Maredudd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglesey", "text": "Anglesey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafydd_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Dafydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewloe", "text": "Ewloe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1158", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rhys ap Gruffydd is forced to pay homage to King Henry II of England; Rhys temporarily loses Ceredigion and part of Ystrad Tywi.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ifor Bach makes a fatal attack on Morgan ab Owain of Caerleon; Morgan is succeeded by his brother Iorwerth. Later in the year, Ifor captures William, Earl of Gloucester, and his family from Cardiff Castle and holds them hostage pending the restoration of his own former lands.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifor_Bach", "text": "Ifor Bach", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_ab_Owain", "text": "Morgan ab Owain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William,_Earl_of_Gloucester?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "William, Earl of Gloucester", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1159", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "An alliance of English earls and some Welsh leaders (including Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan, Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd and Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd) unsuccessfully attempts to overthrow Rhys ap Gruffydd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynan_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1160", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Following the death of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys, at Whittington, Powys is permanently divided into two and shared between his sons, including Gruffydd Maelor, Owain Brogyntyn and Owain Cyfeiliog.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madog_ap_Maredudd", "text": "Madog ap Maredudd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powys", "text": "Powys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittington,_Shropshire", "text": "Whittington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_Maelor", "text": "Gruffydd Maelor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Brogyntyn", "text": "Owain Brogyntyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1162", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "3 June – David FitzGerald, Bishop of St David's, and Nicholas ap Gwrgant, Bishop of Llandaff, assist in the consecration of Thomas Becket as Archbishop of Canterbury.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_June", "text": "3 June", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_ap_Gwrgant?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Nicholas ap Gwrgant", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket", "text": "Thomas Becket", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1163", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "19 May - David FitzGerald, Bishop of St David's, attends a council of Pope Alexander III at Tours.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_May", "text": "19 May", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III", "text": "Pope Alexander III", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain Cyfeiliog and his cousin Owain Fychan capture and destroy the royal castle of Carreghofa.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain Gwynedd musters an assembly of Welsh leaders at Corwen, in opposition to King Henry II of England, which is attended by Owain's brother Cadwaladr. Cadwallon ap Madog and his brother Einion ap Madog, Owain Cyfeiliog and others. Owain Gwynedd also begins diplomacy with France - the first Welsh ruler known to have done so.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Madog", "text": "Cadwallon ap Madog", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1164", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "30 January - David FitzGerald, Bishop of St David's, is among the signatories of the Constitutions of Clarendon.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_January", "text": "30 January", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutions_of_Clarendon", "text": "Constitutions of Clarendon", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Strata Florida Abbey is founded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strata_Florida_Abbey", "text": "Strata Florida Abbey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1165", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "King Henry II of England invades Wales via Oswestry; Owain Gwynedd gathers an army composed of the forces of several of the other native rulers of Wales and camps at Corwen. After a few skirmishes, Henry withdraws up Berwyn mountain for security and eventually felly retreats to England without fighting. Although Henry cites bad weather as the reason for his withdrawal, the Welsh troops, under the same skies, remained in the field; from now on, Owain is considered prince of Wales. This was a signal success for Owain and was recorded as such by contemporary English chronicler, John of Salisbury. Similarly, Owain's successes against Henry are mentioned in the diplomatic messages exchanged with the French king, Louis VII.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corwen", "text": "Corwen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales", "text": "prince of Wales", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cardigan Castle is captured and Robert Fitz-Stephen is taken prisoner by the Lord Rhys of Deheubarth.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardigan_Castle", "text": "Cardigan Castle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fitz-Stephen", "text": "Robert Fitz-Stephen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "the Lord Rhys", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1165", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cardigan Castle is taken by Rhys ap Gruffydd and destroyed. Its constable Robert Fitzstephen becomes Rhys's prisoner.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fitzstephen", "text": "Robert Fitzstephen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd makes a successful raid on Tegeingl.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafydd_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1167", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain Gwynedd and his brother Cadwaladr take the castles of Rhuddlan and Prestatyn.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Cadwaladr", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "David Fitzgerald, Bishop of St David's, persuades Rhys ap Gruffydd to release Robert Fitzstephen (David's half-brother).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_fitzGerald", "text": "David Fitzgerald", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fitzstephen", "text": "Robert Fitzstephen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain Cyfeiliog, having entered into an alliance with the English, loses the commote of Caereinion when he is attacked by joint forces of Owain Gwynedd and Rhys ap Gruffydd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1170", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "November - The death of Owain Gwynedd throws his former kingdom into disarray and causes a power struggle in Gwynedd; within weeks, his nominated heir is dead, and his son Dafydd ab Owain assumes power. Dafydd is, however, unable to maintain his father's hold on south Wales, which falls under the aegis of Rhys ap Gruffydd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwynedd", "text": "Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafydd_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Dafydd ab Owain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Court poet Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr produces his well-known elegy to Owain.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynddelw_Brydydd_Mawr", "text": "Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain Cyfeiliog establishes the Cistercian monastery of Strata Marcella.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strata_Marcella", "text": "Strata Marcella", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Peter de Leia becomes Prior of Much Wenlock.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_de_Leia", "text": "Peter de Leia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Wenlock", "text": "Much Wenlock", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "According to folklore, Madoc (Owain's illegitimate son) sails from Wales to America.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madoc", "text": "Madoc", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1171", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "September - The Lord Rhys negotiates a lasting peace with King Henry II of England.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "The Lord Rhys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October - King Henry II of England makes a pilgrimage to St David's.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Iorwerth ab Owain, having fallen out of favour with King Henry II, loses the lordship of Caerleon.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1172", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Philip de Braose is given the “honour” of Limerick, in recognition of his service to the English king in Ireland.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gerald of Wales completes his studies at the University of Paris and returns to Britain. He is soon commissioned by the Archbishop of Canterbury to enforce the payment of tithes on wool and cheese in the diocese of St David's. In the same year David Fitzgerald, the bishop, is granted a royal charter confirming all his possessions.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales", "text": "Gerald of Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury", "text": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_fitzGerald", "text": "David Fitzgerald", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Following the death of his son Owain at the hands of the Earl of Gloucester, Iorwerth ab Owain rebels against Norman rule.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Gloucester", "text": "Earl of Gloucester", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1173", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd, one of the sons of Owain Gwynedd, is driven into exile in Ireland by his brother Dafydd. Dafydd sides with the King of England against the Welsh rebels and seeks the hand of Henry's half-sister Emma of Anjou in return for his assistance.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafydd_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Dafydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_of_Anjou", "text": "Emma of Anjou", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Iorwerth ab Owain and his son take Caerleon and other castles in Gwent.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1174", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd returns from exile and is imprisoned by his brother Dafydd, who proceeds to eliminate all opposition to his rule in Gwynedd, including his brothers Rhodri, Cynan and Iorwerth Drwyndwn; Cynan and Iorwerth are both believed to have died during this year. Dafydd marries Emma of Anjou during the summer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafydd_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Dafydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynan_ab_Owain?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Cynan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iorwerth_Drwyndwn", "text": "Iorwerth Drwyndwn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_of_Anjou", "text": "Emma of Anjou", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, takes Usk Castle.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke", "text": "Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usk_Castle", "text": "Usk Castle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1175", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "18 May – David FitzGerald, Bishop of St David's, attends the council of Richard, Archbishop of Canterbury in London, in the presence of King Henry II of England and Henry the Young King.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18_May", "text": "18 May", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_Dover", "text": "Richard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King", "text": "Henry the Young King", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "12 October – Adam Parvipontanus is consecrated as Bishop of St Asaph following the resignation of the long-absent Godfrey.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_October", "text": "12 October", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Parvipontanus", "text": "Adam Parvipontanus", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Christmas – Abergavenny Massacre: William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, summons Seisyll ap Dyfnwal and other Welsh leaders to his seat at Abergavenny Castle under pretence of reconciliation and has them murdered.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas", "text": "Christmas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Braose,_4th_Lord_of_Bramber", "text": "William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seisyll_ap_Dyfnwal", "text": "Seisyll ap Dyfnwal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abergavenny_Castle", "text": "Abergavenny Castle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadell ap Gruffydd enters Strata Florida Abbey shortly before his death.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadell_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Cadell ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strata_Florida_Abbey", "text": "Strata Florida Abbey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1176", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "11 November - Peter de Leia is consecrated as Bishop of St David's, despite the chapter's expressed preference for Gerald of Wales.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_November", "text": "11 November", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_de_Leia", "text": "Peter de Leia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales", "text": "Gerald of Wales", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December - An eisteddfod of bards and musicians is held at Cardigan Castle, to celebrate Christmas. It is for this occasion that Gwynfardd Brycheiniog's awdl in honour of the Lord Rhys is thought to have been composed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1176_Cardigan_eisteddfod", "text": "An eisteddfod of bards and musicians", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardigan_Castle", "text": "Cardigan Castle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "the Lord Rhys", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Following the death of the last of the sons of Miles de Gloucester, his lands are divided between his daughters, including Bertha, wife of William de Braose. William thus acquires the lordships of Brecon and Abergavenny.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_de_Gloucester", "text": "Miles de Gloucester", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_of_Hereford", "text": "Bertha", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Braose,_3rd_Lord_of_Bramber", "text": "William de Braose", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cwmhir Abbey is re-established under the patronage of Cadwallon ap Madog and his brother Einion.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwmhir_Abbey", "text": "Cwmhir Abbey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Madog", "text": "Cadwallon ap Madog", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1177", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "May - At the Council of Oxford, Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd is given the lordships of Ellesmere and Hales in Shropshire by his brother-in-law King Henry II of England. Owain Cyfeiliog is also present at the Council.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafydd_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Robert Fitzstephen is given a joint grant of the kingdom of Cork, where he settles.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fitzstephen", "text": "Robert Fitzstephen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1179", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Llantarnam Abbey is founded by the Cistercians, as a daughter house of Strata Florida Abbey.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llantarnam_Abbey", "text": "Llantarnam Abbey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Adam Parvipontanus, Bishop of St Asaph, attends the Lateran Council in Rome.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Parvipontanus", "text": "Adam Parvipontanus", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Roger Mortimer of Wigmore is imprisoned by King Henry II of England for his part in the death of Cadwallon ap Madog.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mortimer_of_Wigmore", "text": "Roger Mortimer of Wigmore", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England", "text": "Henry II of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Madog", "text": "Cadwallon ap Madog", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1180", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Life of St Kentigern (Mungo), written about this time by Jocelyn of Furness, contains the only known account of the life of Saint Asaph.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocelyn_of_Furness", "text": "Jocelyn of Furness", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Asaph", "text": "Saint Asaph", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1183", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gerald of Wales visits Ireland, with his brother Philip.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales", "text": "Gerald of Wales", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "A rising in Glamorgan is led by Morgan ap Caradog ap Iestyn.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1184", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Peter de Leia is nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury, but not selected.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_de_Leia", "text": "Peter de Leia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury", "text": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1185", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Benedictine priory at Llandovery dissolved and town established.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llandovery", "text": "Llandovery", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gerald of Wales is selected to accompany Prince John to Ireland.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales", "text": "Gerald of Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_England", "text": "Prince John", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1186", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Maenan Abbey is founded near Conwy.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maenan_Abbey", "text": "Maenan Abbey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1187", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Siege of Tenby by Maelgwn ap Rhys.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenby", "text": "Tenby", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_ap_Rhys", "text": "Maelgwn ap Rhys", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1188", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gerald of Wales accompanies Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, on a journey through Wales to recruit volunteers for the Third Crusade. The only Welsh ruler who refuses to support the visit is Owain Cyfeiliog, who is excommunicated for his failure to cooperate.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales", "text": "Gerald of Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_of_Exeter", "text": "Baldwin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Crusade", "text": "Third Crusade", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1189", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "At the urging of his son Gruffydd, Rhys ap Gruffydd imprisons his illegitimate son Maelgwn ap Rhys. Gruffydd marries Matilda de Braose, the daughter of Maud de Braose and of William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhys_II", "text": "Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_ap_Rhys", "text": "Maelgwn ap Rhys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maud_de_Braose", "text": "Maud de Braose", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Braose,_4th_Lord_of_Bramber", "text": "William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1190", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rhys ap Gruffydd annexes the Norman lordships of Cydweli and Carnwyllion.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1192", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Maelgwn ap Rhys is released from captivity by his father, Rhys ap Gruffydd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_ap_Rhys", "text": "Maelgwn ap Rhys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1194", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Llywelyn the Great defeats his uncle Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd at the Battle of Aberconwy and assumes control of Gwynedd.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great", "text": "Llywelyn the Great", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafydd_ab_Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Aberconwy", "text": "Battle of Aberconwy", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rhys ap Gruffydd is defeated in battle by his sons Maelgwn ap Rhys and Hywel ap Rhys, and is imprisoned at Nevern Castle.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelgwn_ap_Rhys", "text": "Maelgwn ap Rhys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevern_Castle?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Nevern Castle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1195", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Owain Cyfeiliog abdicates in favour of his son Gwenwynwyn.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog", "text": "Owain Cyfeiliog", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenwynwyn_ab_Owain", "text": "Gwenwynwyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rhys Gryg and Maredudd ap Rhys are imprisoned by their father, Rhys ap Gruffydd, for seizing the territories of Llanymddyfri and Dinefwr.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_Gryg", "text": "Rhys Gryg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1196", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rhys ap Gruffydd launches his last campaign against the Normans, capturing several castles and defeating Roger Mortimer of Wigmore near Radnor.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Rhys ap Gruffydd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mortimer_of_Wigmore", "text": "Roger Mortimer of Wigmore", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1199", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 January - Cwmhir Abbey is officially founded by a charter of Llywelyn the Great.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_January", "text": "6 January", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwmhir_Abbey", "text": "Cwmhir Abbey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great", "text": "Llywelyn the Great", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - First mention of a church on the site of St Mary's Church, Aberavon.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary's_Church,_Aberavon", "text": "St Mary's Church, Aberavon", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1200", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Giles de Braose becomes Bishop of Hereford.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giles_de_Braose", "text": "Giles de Braose", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Hereford", "text": "Bishop of Hereford", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Books", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Geoffrey of Monmouth Historia Regum Britanniae (1136) Vita Merlini (1148)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth", "text": "Geoffrey of Monmouth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae", "text": "Historia Regum Britanniae", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Merlini", "text": "Vita Merlini", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Historia Regum Britanniae (1136)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae", "text": "Historia Regum Britanniae", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Vita Merlini (1148)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Merlini", "text": "Vita Merlini", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gerald of Wales Topographia Hibernica (1188) Itinerarium Cambriae (1191) Descriptio Cambriae (1194)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales", "text": "Gerald of Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographia_Hibernica", "text": "Topographia Hibernica", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itinerarium_Cambriae", "text": "Itinerarium Cambriae", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptio_Cambriae", "text": "Descriptio Cambriae", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Topographia Hibernica (1188)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographia_Hibernica", "text": "Topographia Hibernica", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Itinerarium Cambriae (1191)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itinerarium_Cambriae", "text": "Itinerarium Cambriae", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Descriptio Cambriae (1194)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptio_Cambriae", "text": "Descriptio Cambriae", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Thomas of Monmouth The Life and Miracles of William (1173)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_of_Monmouth", "text": "Thomas of Monmouth", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Life and Miracles of William (1173)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1132", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - The Lord Rhys, ruler of Deheubarth (d. 1197)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "The Lord Rhys", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1146", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "approximate - Gerald of Wales, cleric and topographer (d. c.1223)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales", "text": "Gerald of Wales", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1173", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "probable - Llywelyn the Great (d. 1240)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great", "text": "Llywelyn the Great", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1101", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "27 July - Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/27_July", "text": "27 July", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_d'Avranches,_1st_Earl_of_Chester", "text": "Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1107", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "March - Robert Fitzhamon, conqueror of Glamorgan", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fitzhamon", "text": "Robert Fitzhamon", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1111", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys Iorwerth ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwgan_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Cadwgan ap Bleddyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iorwerth_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwgan_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Cadwgan ap Bleddyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iorwerth_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1115", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Gilbert Fitz Richard, lord of Cardigan", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Fitz_Richard", "text": "Gilbert Fitz Richard", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1116", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Owain ap Cadwgan, prince of Powys", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_ap_Cadwgan", "text": "Owain ap Cadwgan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1120", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "25 November - Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester, 26 (drowned in the White Ship)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_November", "text": "25 November", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_d'Avranches,_2nd_Earl_of_Chester", "text": "Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Ship", "text": "White Ship", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1129", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown Richard Fitz Pons, Marcher lord Walter de Gloucester, Marcher official", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Fitz_Pons", "text": "Richard Fitz Pons", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_de_Gloucester", "text": "Walter de Gloucester", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Richard Fitz Pons, Marcher lord", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Fitz_Pons", "text": "Richard Fitz Pons", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Walter de Gloucester, Marcher official", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_de_Gloucester", "text": "Walter de Gloucester", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1132", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Maredudd ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maredudd_ap_Bleddyn", "text": "Maredudd ap Bleddyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1134", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "10 February - Robert II, Duke of Normandy, about 83 (in prison at Cardiff Castle)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_February", "text": "10 February", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curthose", "text": "Robert II, Duke of Normandy", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Urban, Bishop of Llandaff", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban,_Bishop_of_Llandaff", "text": "Urban, Bishop of Llandaff", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1136", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd, princess of Deheubarth, about 36 (killed in battle)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenllian_ferch_Gruffydd", "text": "Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1137", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April/May - Gruffydd ap Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth, about 56", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhys", "text": "Gruffydd ap Rhys", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "10 July - Pain fitzJohn, Anglo-Norman nobleman and administrator, about 37", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_July", "text": "10 July", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_fitzJohn", "text": "Pain fitzJohn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August - Ranulph de Mortimer", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranulph_de_Mortimer", "text": "Ranulph de Mortimer", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Gruffudd ap Cynan, ruler of Gwynedd", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffudd_ap_Cynan", "text": "Gruffudd ap Cynan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1143", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "24 December - Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford, Marcher lord", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_December", "text": "24 December", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_of_Gloucester,_1st_Earl_of_Hereford", "text": "Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Anarawd ap Gruffydd, prince of Deheubarth", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarawd_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Anarawd ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1148", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 January - Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_January", "text": "6 January", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke", "text": "Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1155", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "22 September - Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_September", "text": "22 September", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Fitzmiles,_2nd_Earl_of_Hereford", "text": "Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Maredudd ap Gruffydd, prince of Deheubarth", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maredudd_ap_Gruffydd", "text": "Maredudd ap Gruffydd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1160", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Madog ap Maredudd, Prince of Powys", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madog_ap_Maredudd", "text": "Madog ap Maredudd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1170", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "28 November - Owain Gwynedd, Prince of Gwynedd", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/28_November", "text": "28 November", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd", "text": "Owain Gwynedd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December - 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Lieutenant colonel Li Cong (Chinese: 李聪; born October 1989) is a Chinese fighter pilot and People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) taikonaut.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel", "text": "Lieutenant colonel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters", "text": "Chinese", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter_pilot", "text": "fighter pilot", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Liberation_Army_Astronaut_Corps", "text": "People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronaut", "text": "taikonaut", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Biography", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Cong was born in a rural village in Handan, Hebei in October 1989. His family moved to the mining area when he was 5 years old.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural", "text": "rural", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village", "text": "village", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handan", "text": "Handan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebei", "text": "Hebei", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining", "text": "mining", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "He applied for recruitment of Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation University when he was in third grade of his high school. He graduated from the People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation University. He was enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in September 2009 and he join the Communist Party of China (CCP) in June 2011.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_People's_Liberation_Army", "text": "Chinese People's Liberation Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Liberation_Army_Air_Force", "text": "Air Force", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Aviation_University", "text": "Aviation University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_school", "text": "high school", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Aviation_University", "text": "People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Liberation_Army", "text": "People's Liberation Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China", "text": "Communist Party of China", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Cong once served as the Lieutenant colonel of a flying brigade of the Air Force Aviation Brigade and was second class pilot in the People's Liberation Army Air Force. He participated in the astronaut selection in May 2018 and was selected as a fourth grade astronaut into the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps in September 2020.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel", "text": "Lieutenant colonel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigade", "text": "flying brigade", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Aviation_University", "text": "Air Force Aviation Brigade", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot", "text": "pilot", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Liberation_Army_Air_Force", "text": "People's Liberation Army Air Force", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Liberation_Army_Astronaut_Corps", "text": "People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2024, he was selected as the crew of Shenzhou 18.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_18", "text": "Shenzhou 18", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Fashion designers 'Fashion designers work in a variety of different ways when designing their pieces and accessories such as rings, bracelets, necklaces and earrings. Due to the time required to put a garment out in market, designers must anticipate changes to consumer desires. Fashion designers are responsible for creating looks for individual garments, involving shape, color, fabric, trimming, and more. Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and everyday wear, which are commonly known as ready to wear or fast fashion.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Structure There are different lines of work for designers in the fashion industry. Fashion designers that work full-time for one fashion house, as 'in-house designers', own the designs and may either work alone or as a part of a design team. Freelance designers who work for themselves, sell their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. There are quite a few fashion designers who choose to set up their own labels, which offers them full control over their designs. While others are self-employed and design for individual clients. Other high-end fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-end fashion department stores.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Designing a garment Fashion designers work in various ways, some start with a vision in their head and later on move into drawing it on paper or computer, while others go directly into draping fabric onto a dress form, also known as a mannequin. The design process is unique to the designer and it is rather intriguing to see the various steps that go into the process. A designer may choose to work with certain apps that are able to help connect all their ideas together and expand their thoughts to create a cohesive design. When a designer is completely satisfied with the fit of the toile (or muslin), they will consult a professional pattern maker who then makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of card or via a computer program. Finally, a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit. Fashion design is expressive, the designers create art that may be functional or non-functional.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Ready-to-wear (prêt-à-porter) Ready-to-wear, or prêt-à-porter, clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. This takes place on a citywide basis and occurs twice a year. The main seasons of Fashion Week include; spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim, and bridal.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1906 Mississippi hurricane was a deadly and destructive hurricane during the 1906 Atlantic hurricane season. The fourth hurricane of the season, the system was originally observed in the western Caribbean on September 22; however, modern research revealed that the system became a tropical depression on September 19. The system slowly intensified, eventually becoming a major hurricane by September 24. The system made landfall near Pascagoula, Mississippi, during the evening of September 27, devastating the cities of Pensacola and Mobile and the state of Mississippi. Damage totaled to at least $19,221,000, and more than 134 people were killed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_Atlantic_hurricane_season", "text": "1906 Atlantic hurricane season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_hurricane_reanalysis", "text": "modern research", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Meteorological history", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The first documented information on the storm places it in the western Caribbean Sea on September 22, although modern reanalysis of this storm identifies it as a tropical depression on September 19. The storm drifted north from the Yucatán Channel on September 24, while it was a weak hurricane with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). The hurricane was south-southwest of Havana by morning, and as it drifted north-northwestward during the evening hours of September 24, the system intensified into a Category 2 hurricane.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HURDAT", "text": "modern reanalysis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucatán_Channel", "text": "Yucatán Channel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana", "text": "Havana", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The hurricane was documented to have been about 300 miles (480 km) west-northwest of Cuba on September 25. Near this area, the hurricane had intensified further into a Category 3 hurricane, with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). The system finished its passage into the Gulf of Mexico by September 27. During the afternoon, the hurricane made landfall near Pascagoula, Mississippi, as a Category 2 hurricane. The hurricane moved inland, weakening to a Category 1 hurricane and eventually to a tropical storm. The storm weakened to a tropical depression, and dissipated on September 29 as it transitioned into an extratropical storm.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico", "text": "Gulf of Mexico", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascagoula,_Mississippi", "text": "Pascagoula, Mississippi", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Preparations and impact", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Florida", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The city of Pensacola suffered the most severe damage caused by the storm. Several tugboats, vessels, fishing boats, and other watercraft were tossed along the shore of the city. Large numbers of trees were uprooted and the roofs of houses were torn off. At its highest, the storm surge of the hurricane was 8.5 feet (2.6 m) above the normal tide, the highest recorded in the city at the time. The city's waterfront was completely flooded, along with some houses near the waterfront. Muscogee wharf was partially destroyed, broken into two pieces. On either side of the wharf, railroad tracks had been washed away. A total of 39 freight cars carrying coal were also washed away. In addition, the grain elevator of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad was destroyed during the hurricane. A timber boom was demolished during the hurricane, leaving wood and debris on the beach.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensacola", "text": "Pensacola", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugboat", "text": "tugboats", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercraft", "text": "vessels", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_vessel", "text": "fishing boats", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad", "text": "Louisville and Nashville Railroad", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_boom", "text": "timber boom", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Along Intendencia Street, several cottages were flooded; in some areas, the floodwaters were 10 feet (3.0 m) deep. The southern end of West Main Street was completely inundated and was swept away. There was devastation between Barcelona and Perdido streets, with several boats wrecked. Between Palafox Street and Wright Street, many houses' roofs were torn away. Rail service in and out of Pensacola was severely affected; one train arrived several hours later than scheduled, and it was said that it had to stop \"every few yards\" in order to remove trees and debris covering the track. Between Magnolia Bluff and Milton, the track was destroyed and the Escambia Bridge was partially demolished. The fishing industry of Pensacola was estimated to have suffered at least $500,000 in damage. Many wharfs had been completely destroyed during the hurricane. Electricity was shut off during the hurricane.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Fort Barrancas, Fort Pickens, and Fort McRee suffered severe damage. At Forts Pickens and Barrancas, damage was estimated to be around $10,000. In the Bayou Grande area of Pensacola, the tide was estimated to be about 12 feet (3.7 m) above normal. At the intersection of Cedar and Baylen streets, oyster boats, steam tugs, wood, and other debris were scattered. A boat identified as the Wolverine was tossed into a lot near the corner. Trees and chimneys were blown down, and a tin roof was peeled off a house as a result of strong winds. On the 26th port, one bark was completely destroyed, while another eleven were tossed around. A schooner that sank during the hurricane was tipped over. At the 38th port, 29 schooners were thrown ashore, and another sixteen were completely destroyed. Only eight of the 36 lumber barges floated, while three of eight tugs were floating, and of those three of them were wrecked. Other debris was scattered around the city, including pieces of shattered glass. A fire occurred at a hotel in Pensacola.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Barrancas", "text": "Fort Barrancas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pickens", "text": "Fort Pickens", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_McRee", "text": "Fort McRee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barque", "text": "bark", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schooner", "text": "schooner", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "At the navy yard of Pensacola, all but three boats—the Isle de Luzon and two \"water boats\"—were either sunk or thrown ashore. A steel dock owned by Spain was untouched, but areas surrounding it were littered with debris. In the towns of Wosley and Warrington, waterfronts were severely damaged and some houses washed away. At Pensacola Bay, the tide was 10 feet (3.0 m) high; at East Bay, the tide was measured at 9 feet (2.7 m); at St. Andrews Bay, the tide was 6 feet (1.8 m) high; and at Apalachicola Bay, the tide was 5 feet (1.5 m) high. The damage caused in the city totaled to at least $2,620,000, while the damage within the vicinity of the city amounted to more than $1,230,000. The total damage caused within Pensacola and the surrounding areas totaled to greater than $3,850,000. The hurricane was considered the worst in the city in 170 years. However, there was widespread praise by residents and newspapers for the Weather Bureau for tracking the hurricane and issuing storm warnings three days before the storm made landfall. A total of 35 people were killed in Pensacola.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola#Navy_yard", "text": "navy yard of Pensacola", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrington,_Florida", "text": "Warrington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensacola_Bay", "text": "Pensacola Bay", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Bay_(Santa_Rosa_County,_Florida)", "text": "East Bay", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Andrews_Bay_(Florida)", "text": "St. Andrews Bay", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apalachicola_Bay", "text": "Apalachicola Bay", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Weather_Service", "text": "Weather Bureau", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Louisiana", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In New Orleans, observations at the backwater of the Mississippi River indicated a storm surge of about 6 feet (1.8 m) in height on the morning of September 27. The highest sustained winds recorded during the storm in New Orleans were measured at 49 mph (79 km/h), while the minimum pressure recorded was 987 mbar (hPa; 29.15 inHg). In the town of Burrwood, a wharf was impacted by the hurricane's storm surge. In addition, local crops and railroads suffered severe damage. Lake Pontchartrain overflowed during the hurricane, with its waters 5 feet (1.5 m) above normal levels, flooding New Orleans. Telegraph wires were down in New Orleans after the hurricane, resulting in the loss of contact with the city. Chimneys were blown down in the city; and a resort along Lake Pontchartrain was underwater, and many houses were swept away near the hotel. Telephone service in New Orleans went down during the hurricane. It was reported that Fort St. Philip was flooded by boaters along the Mississippi River. The hurricane set a new 24-hour-record for rainfall at Colliston, where rainfall amounted to 4.55 inches (11.6 cm) accumulated during the hurricane.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans", "text": "New Orleans", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River", "text": "Mississippi River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge", "text": "storm surge", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbar", "text": "mbar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPa", "text": "hPa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InHg", "text": "inHg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrwood,_Louisiana", "text": "Burrwood", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Pontchartrain", "text": "Lake Pontchartrain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_St._Philip", "text": "Fort St. Philip", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colliston", "text": "Colliston", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Alabama", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The lowest air pressure recorded in Mobile was 977 mbar (hPa; 28.84 inHg). At the highest point, the tide was measured at 9.87 feet (3.01 m), while the maximum sustained wind during the hurricane reached 94 mph (151 km/h). About twenty small buildings and houses were destroyed by the hurricane's winds. Most of the buildings in the city were either slightly or moderately damaged. Some shingles and roofs were blown off, while telegraph wires were down, along with other services that required electricity. In the Mobile River and Bay, a total of eleven steamships, seventeen barks and schooners, and 12 tugboats, had either been sunk or blown ashore. About 6.4 inches (16 cm) of rain was measured during the hurricane. In the areas surrounding Mobile, approximately half of all timber to be converted into turpentine was destroyed, and between 5 and 35 percent of other wood had been destroyed. The hurricane caused at least $1,650,000 in damage throughout Mobile. Telegraph wires were cut off from Mobile after the hurricane, resulting in the loss of communication with the city. It was estimated that five thousand houses were damaged in Mobile during the hurricane. The steamer Camp Carney was thrown onto St. Francis Street. Between Franscati Street and Three Mile Creek, all wharves were destroyed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_River", "text": "Mobile River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Bay", "text": "Bay", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboat", "text": "steamships", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpentine", "text": "turpentine", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "At the Christ Church Cathedral in Mobile, about $40,000 in damage was suffered, while at the St. Francis Baptist Church, damage totaled to about $10,000. Several steamers sank during the storm, including the J. P. Sehuh, Mary E. Staples, Mary S. Blees, Cama, Overton, Hattie B. Moore, City of Camden, and numerous others. One child was killed in Mobile. At Fort Morgan, many trees fell, roofs caved in, and windows were \"smashed as though of tissue paper\". Telegraph buildings in the city were flooded and moderately damaged. Five hotels suffered damage totaling to $21,000, while the Southern Supply Company, which was headquartered in the city, suffered $100,000 in damage. The fort's port suffered about $100,000 in damages. Six civilians were killed at the fort. Between Flomaton and Pensacola, railroad tracks of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad were torn up and blocked by trees. The section of railroad tracks between Georgian and Graceville was affected by similar damage. The railroad cancelled all services following the hurricane.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Morgan_(Alabama)", "text": "Fort Morgan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flomaton,_Alabama", "text": "Flomaton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graceville,_Florida", "text": "Graceville", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Mississippi", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In Scranton, the steamer Winona reported a minimum air pressure of 965 mbar (hPa; 28.50 inHg). Lieutenant B.L. Brockway speculated that Scranton was near the center of the hurricane at the time, due to the low pressure readings. At Biloxi, Moss Point, and Mississippi City, communications were not received. However, Moss Point reported that floodwaters were 5 feet (1.5 m) deep before communications were lost. In Macon, a hotel had been demolished during the hurricane, resulting in the deaths of two people. Jackson and Brookhaven suffered a loss of at least 300,000 cotton bales, amounting to $12,000,000 in damage. In Vicksburg and McComb, many buildings were damaged, along with damage to shipping in Vicksburg, with a broken dock. The railroads and trees of Monticello suffered moderate damage: the railroad tracks were covered in trees, and service was suspended east of the town. In Hattiesburg, many cabins were blown down during the storm. Damage in Hattiesburg amounted to $300,000. In McNeil, one person was killed by a tree that was blown down.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi", "text": "Biloxi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss_Point,_Mississippi", "text": "Moss Point", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_City,_Mississippi", "text": "Mississippi City", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macon,_Mississippi", "text": "Macon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi", "text": "Jackson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookhaven,_Mississippi", "text": "Brookhaven", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi", "text": "Vicksburg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McComb,_Mississippi", "text": "McComb", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monticello,_Mississippi", "text": "Monticello", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattiesburg,_Mississippi", "text": "Hattiesburg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McNeil,_Mississippi", "text": "McNeil", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "At the Horn Island lighthouse, the hurricane killed the lighthouse keeper and his wife and daughter. In addition to the death of the three at the lighthouse, it was noted that the schooner Daisy had been dismantled there, with one person killed. A person who was climbing a small tree was thrown away by the wind and drowned. Several people were trapped in their homes after a creek topped its banks. A warehouse and four other buildings were destroyed, while a bank's roof was blown off. A train near Brookhaven was washed away along the tracks of the Mississippi Central Railroad, resulting in the injury of five people. 25 schooners along the Mississippi coastline were completely destroyed. Two barks, the Nuremberg and Hercules were destroyed during the hurricane. Mandeline, owned by Norway, was filled with water, while Sigrav suffered severe damage, completely torn apart. A boat known as the Florine was washed ashore. A total of 78 fatalities occurred.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_Island_(Mississippi)", "text": "Horn Island", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Central_Railroad#Mississippi_Central_(1897–1967)", "text": "Mississippi Central Railroad", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox weather event", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1906 Mississippi hurricane", "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": "Shipping damage in Pensacola caused by the hurricane", "links": null, "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1906_Pensacola_Hurricane_Damage.PNG/220px-1906_Pensacola_Hurricane_Damage.PNG", "width": 220, "height": 220, "alternative_text": null, "caption": "Shipping damage in Pensacola caused by the hurricane" } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Meteorological history", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Formed", "value": "September 19, 1906", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Dissipated", "value": "September 29, 1906", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Category 3 major hurricane", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "1-minute sustained (SSHWS / NWS)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffir–Simpson_scale", "text": "SSHWS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Weather_Service", "text": "NWS", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Highest winds", "value": "120 mph (195 km/h)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Lowest pressure", "value": "953 mbar (hPa); 28.14 inHg", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unit)", "text": "mbar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(unit)", "text": "hPa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inch_of_mercury", "text": "inHg", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Overall effects", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Fatalities", "value": "At least 134", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Damage", "value": ">$19,221 (1906 USD)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar", "text": "USD", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Areas affected", "value": "Southeastern United States", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_United_States", "text": "Southeastern United States", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "IBTrACS", "links": [ { "url": "https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-1906263N12283", "text": "IBTrACS", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Part of the 1906 Atlantic hurricane season", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_Atlantic_hurricane_season", "text": "1906 Atlantic hurricane season", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1214 Richilde, provisional designation 1932 AA, is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in 1932. Any reference of the asteroid's name to a person is unknown.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid", "text": "asteroid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt", "text": "asteroid belt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wolf", "text": "Max Wolf", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_Observatory", "text": "Heidelberg Observatory", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Discovery", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Richilde was discovered on 1 January 1932, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. Five nights later, on 6 January 1932, it was independently discovered by Japanese astronomer K. Nakamura at Kwasan Observatory (377), Kyoto. The Minor Planet Center only recognizes the first discoverer. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1930 QD at Uccle Observatory in August 1930, approximately 16 months prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wolf", "text": "Max Wolf", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg-Königstuhl_State_Observatory", "text": "Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAU_code#377", "text": "377", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center", "text": "Minor Planet Center", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation_arc", "text": "observation arc", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uccle_Observatory", "text": "Uccle Observatory", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Orbit and classification", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Richilde is a non- family asteroid from the main-belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,629 days; semi-major axis of 2.71 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 10 ° with respect to the ecliptic.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_family", "text": "family", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_asteroid", "text": "background population", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkwood_gap", "text": "central", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit", "text": "AU", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_axis", "text": "semi-major axis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity", "text": "eccentricity", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination", "text": "inclination", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)", "text": "°", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic", "text": "ecliptic", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Physical characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In the SMASS, Richilde is a Xk-subtype, that transitions from the X-type to the rare K-type asteroids, while the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterizes the body as a primitive P-type asteroid.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMASS_classification", "text": "SMASS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-type_asteroid", "text": "X-type", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-type_asteroid", "text": "K-type asteroids", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer", "text": "Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-type_asteroid", "text": "P-type asteroid", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Rotation period and pole", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In the 1990s, a rotational lightcurve of Richilde was first obtained from photometric observations by astronomers using the ESO 1-metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 9.860 hours with a brightness variation of 0.32 magnitude (U=3). In October 2006, a concurring period of 9.870 hours and an amplitude of 0.31 was measured by French amateur astronomer Raymond Poncy (U=3-).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightcurve", "text": "lightcurve", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESO_1-metre_telescope", "text": "ESO 1-metre telescope", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Silla_Observatory", "text": "La Silla Observatory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_period", "text": "rotation period", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)", "text": "magnitude", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCDB_quality_code", "text": "U=3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCDB_quality_code", "text": "U=3-", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue (UAPC) and other sources gave a period 9.86687 hours, as well as a partial spin axis of (n.a.°, –59.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_of_astronomical_bodies", "text": "spin axis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic_coordinate_system", "text": "ecliptic coordinates", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Diameter and albedo", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Richilde measures between 30.70 and 39.58 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.044 and 0.07.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS", "text": "IRAS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akari_(satellite)", "text": "Akari satellite", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEOWISE", "text": "NEOWISE", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_albedo", "text": "albedo", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0517 and a diameter of 35.22 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.10.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_magnitude", "text": "absolute magnitude", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Naming", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This minor planet is named after a common German female name. Any reference of this name to a person or occurrence is unknown (AN 247, 153).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet", "text": "minor planet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomische_Nachrichten", "text": "AN 247, 153", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Unknown meaning", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Richilde is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these asteroids have low numbers between 164 Eva and 1514 Ricouxa and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_named_minor_planets_(alphabetical)", "text": "named minor planets", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanings_of_minor_planet_names:_1–1000#164", "text": "164 Eva", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanings_of_minor_planet_names:_1001–2000#514", "text": "1514 Ricouxa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Charlois", "text": "Auguste Charlois", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Palisa", "text": "Johann Palisa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wolf", "text": "Max Wolf", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Reinmuth", "text": "Karl Reinmuth", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox planet", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1214 Richilde", "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": "Shape model of Richilde from its lightcurve", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightcurve", "text": "lightcurve", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/001214-asteroid_shape_model_%281214%29_Richilde.png", "width": 250, "height": 250, "alternative_text": null, "caption": "Shape model of Richilde from its lightcurve" } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Discovery", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Discovered by", "value": "M. F. Wolf", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers", "text": "Discovered by", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wolf", "text": "M. F. Wolf", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discovery site", "value": "Heidelberg Obs.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes", "text": "Discovery site", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg-Königstuhl_State_Observatory", "text": "Heidelberg Obs.", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discovery date", "value": "1 January 1932", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Designations", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "MPC designation", "value": "(1214) Richilde", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor-planet_designation", "text": "MPC designation", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Named after", "value": "unknown", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-springer-3", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Alternative designations", "value": "1932 AA · 1930 QD 1961 PC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy", "text": "Alternative designations", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Minor planet category", "value": "main-belt · (middle) background", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet#Populations", "text": "Minor planet category", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main-belt", "text": "main-belt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkwood_gap", "text": "middle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-lcdb-4", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_asteroid", "text": "background", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-AstDys-object-5", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Orbital characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)", "text": "Epoch", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day", "text": "JD", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Uncertainty parameter 0", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_parameter", "text": "Uncertainty parameter", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Observation arc", "value": "86.52 yr (31,602 days)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation_arc", "text": "Observation arc", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Aphelion", "value": "3.0319 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion", "text": "Aphelion", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit", "text": "AU", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Perihelion", "value": "2.3881 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion", "text": "Perihelion", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Semi-major axis", "value": "2.7100 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes", "text": "Semi-major axis", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Eccentricity", "value": "0.1188", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity", "text": "Eccentricity", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Orbital period (sidereal)", "value": "4.46 yr (1,629 days)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period", "text": "Orbital period (sidereal)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)", "text": "yr", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Mean anomaly", "value": "207.11 °", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_anomaly", "text": "Mean anomaly", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)", "text": "°", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Mean motion", "value": "0° 13 m 15.24 s / day", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_motion", "text": "Mean motion", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Inclination", "value": "9.8345°", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination", "text": "Inclination", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Longitude of ascending node", "value": "285.92°", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node", "text": "Longitude of ascending node", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Argument of perihelion", "value": "32.580°", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis", "text": "Argument of perihelion", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Physical characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Dimensions", "value": "30.70 ± 12.73 km 33.26 ± 8.39 km 33.651 ± 8.835 km 34.134 ± 0.253 km 34.94 ± 0.50 km 35.22 km (derived) 35.29 ± 3.2 km 36.668 ± 0.575 km 39.58 ± 11.00 km", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Nugent-2016-6", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Nugent-2015-7", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Masiero-2017-8", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-WISE-9", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-AKARI-10", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-lcdb-4", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-SIMPS-11", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Masiero-2014-12", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Masiero-2012-13", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Synodic rotation period", "value": "9.860 h 9.866 87 ± 0.000 05 h 9.870 ± 0.001 h", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synodic_rotation_period", "text": "Synodic rotation period", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hour", "text": "h", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Barucci-1994-14", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Hanus-2011-15", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-geneva-obs-16", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Geometric albedo", "value": "0.044 ± 0.051 0.048 ± 0.015 0.0517 (derived) 0.0518 ± 0.0853 0.0550 ± 0.0055 0.06 ± 0.02 0.0619 ± 0.013 0.064 ± 0.002 0.07 ± 0.04", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_albedo", "text": "Geometric albedo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Masiero-2012-13", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Masiero-2014-12", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-lcdb-4", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Masiero-2017-8", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-WISE-9", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Nugent-2015-7", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-SIMPS-11", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-AKARI-10", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-Nugent-2016-6", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Spectral type", "value": "SMASS = X k · P", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types", "text": "Spectral type", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMASS_classification", "text": "SMASS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-type_asteroid", "text": "X", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-type_asteroid", "text": "k", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-jpldata-1", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-type_asteroid", "text": "P", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1214_Richilde#cite_note-WISE-9", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Absolute magnitude (H)", "value": "10.90 · 11.03 · 11.09 · 11.09 ± 0.40 · 11.10 · 11.20", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_(H)", "text": "Absolute magnitude (H)", "images": null }, 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Events from the year 1743 in Wales.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales", "text": "Wales", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Incumbents", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of North Wales (Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey, Caernarvonshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Merionethshire, Montgomeryshire) – George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Anglesey", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Caernarvonshire", "text": "Caernarvonshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Denbighshire", "text": "Denbighshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Flintshire", "text": "Flintshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Merionethshire", "text": "Merionethshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Montgomeryshire", "text": "Montgomeryshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Cholmondeley,_3rd_Earl_of_Cholmondeley", "text": "George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Glamorgan", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Powlett,_3rd_Duke_of_Bolton", "text": "Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire and Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire – Thomas Morgan", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Brecknockshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Monmouthshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morgan_(judge_advocate)", "text": "Thomas Morgan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – vacant", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Cardiganshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – vacant until 1755", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Carmarthenshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – Sir Arthur Owen, 3rd Baronet", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Pembrokeshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Owen,_3rd_Baronet", "text": "Sir Arthur Owen, 3rd Baronet", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Radnorshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brydges,_1st_Duke_of_Chandos", "text": "James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop of Bangor – Thomas Herring (until 21 April) Matthew Hutton (from 13 November)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Bangor", "text": "Bishop of Bangor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Herring", "text": "Thomas Herring", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)", "text": "Matthew Hutton", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop of Llandaff – John Gilbert", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Llandaff", "text": "Bishop of Llandaff", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gilbert_(archbishop_of_York)", "text": "John Gilbert", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop of St Asaph – Isaac Maddox (until May)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_St_Asaph", "text": "Bishop of St Asaph", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Maddox", "text": "Isaac Maddox", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop of St Davids – Edward Willes (2 January - 12 December)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_St_Davids", "text": "Bishop of St Davids", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Willes_(bishop)", "text": "Edward Willes", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 2 - Edward Willes is consecrated Bishop of St David's.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2", "text": "January 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Willes_(priest)", "text": "Edward Willes", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_St_David's", "text": "Bishop of St David's", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 21 - Thomas Herring becomes Archbishop of York and is replaced as Bishop of Bangor by Matthew Hutton. Both men go on to serve as Archbishop of Canterbury.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_21", "text": "April 21", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Herring", "text": "Thomas Herring", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Bangor", "text": "Bishop of Bangor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)", "text": "Matthew Hutton", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 8 - William Bulkeley completes the first of his diaries.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_8", "text": "June 8", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bulkeley_(sheriff)", "text": "William Bulkeley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November - John Thomas is elected to replace Isaac Maddox as Bishop of St Asaph, but is translated to the bishopric of Lincoln before his consecration and is himself replaced at St Asaph by Samuel Lisle.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thomas_(bishop_of_Salisbury)", "text": "John Thomas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Maddox", "text": "Isaac Maddox", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_St_Asaph", "text": "Bishop of St Asaph", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Lisle", "text": "Samuel Lisle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown William Williams (Pantycelyn) is refused ordination as a priest because of his Methodist activities; from this time on he commits himself entirely to the Methodist movement. A notable eisteddfod is held at Llansantffraid Glyn Ceiriog in Powys. Griffith Hughes returns from his travels in America and Barbados, and presents a hitherto unknown substance, asbestos, to the Royal Society.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Williams_(Pantycelyn)", "text": "William Williams (Pantycelyn)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffith_Hughes", "text": "Griffith Hughes", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos", "text": "asbestos", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society", "text": "Royal Society", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "William Williams (Pantycelyn) is refused ordination as a priest because of his Methodist activities; from this time on he commits himself entirely to the Methodist movement.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Williams_(Pantycelyn)", "text": "William Williams (Pantycelyn)", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "A notable eisteddfod is held at Llansantffraid Glyn Ceiriog in Powys.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Griffith Hughes returns from his travels in America and Barbados, and presents a hitherto unknown substance, asbestos, to the Royal Society.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffith_Hughes", "text": "Griffith Hughes", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos", "text": "asbestos", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society", "text": "Royal Society", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Arts and literature", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "New books", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Daniel Rowland & Ralph Erskine - Traethawd am farw i'r ddeddf, a byw i Dduw", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Rowland_(preacher)", "text": "Daniel Rowland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Erskine_(preacher)", "text": "Ralph Erskine", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "May - Dafydd Siôn Siâms, musician, poet, and book-binder (died 1831)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "2 May – William Parry, portrait painter (died 1791)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_May", "text": "2 May", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parry_(artist)", "text": "William Parry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1791_in_Wales", "text": "1791", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "30 July - Philip Yorke, genealogist (died 1804)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_July", "text": "30 July", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Yorke_(antiquary)", "text": "Philip Yorke", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown Abraham Rees, encyclopaedist (died 1825) Sir John Stepney, 8th Baronet, politician (died 1811)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Rees", "text": "Abraham Rees", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Stepney,_8th_Baronet", "text": "Sir John Stepney, 8th Baronet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1811_in_Wales", "text": "1811", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abraham Rees, encyclopaedist (died 1825)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Rees", "text": "Abraham Rees", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sir John Stepney, 8th Baronet, politician (died 1811)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Stepney,_8th_Baronet", "text": "Sir John Stepney, 8th Baronet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1811_in_Wales", "text": "1811", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "March - Robert Wynne, priest and academic, about 80", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wynne_(Chancellor_of_St_Asaph)", "text": "Robert Wynne", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "16 April - Sir John Aubrey, 3rd Baronet, politician, 62", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_April", "text": "16 April", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Aubrey,_3rd_Baronet", "text": "Sir John Aubrey, 3rd Baronet", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "15 July - John Wynne, former Bishop of St Asaph and Principal of Jesus College, Oxford, 85", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_July", "text": "15 July", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wynne_(bishop)", "text": "John Wynne", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown - Thomas Morgan, Deist theologian", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morgan_(deist)", "text": "Thomas Morgan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The first edition of the Tour of Flanders, a cycling race in Belgium, was held on 25 May 1913. Paul Deman won the event in a five-man sprint before Joseph Van Daele and Victor Doms. The event was created by sports journalist Karel Van Wijnendaele and organized by sports newspaper Sportwereld.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_of_Flanders", "text": "Tour of Flanders", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing", "text": "cycling race", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Deman", "text": "Paul Deman", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Van_Daele", "text": "Joseph Van Daele", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Van_Wijnendaele", "text": "Karel Van Wijnendaele", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Het_Nieuwsblad", "text": "Sportwereld", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The event started in Ghent and finished in Mariakerke, on the outskirts of Ghent, covering a distance of 324 kilometres (201.3 miles). It finished on the velodrome of Mariakerke, a wooden track built around a pond, with four final laps before the official finish. 37 riders started the race, there were 16 classified finishers.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghent", "text": "Ghent", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariakerke_(East_Flanders)", "text": "Mariakerke", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Route", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The race started in Ghent, East Flanders, before heading eastward to Sint-Niklaas and making a clockwise circle along Aalst, Oudenaarde, Kortrijk and Veurne. Subsequently, the course followed the North Seashore until Ostend and headed east via Roeselare back to Ghent. With this route, the race addressed all the major cities of the two western provinces of Flanders. With a total distance of 324 kilometres (201.3 miles), it was the event's longest edition ever. There were no categorized climbs.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghent", "text": "Ghent", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Flanders", "text": "East Flanders", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint-Niklaas", "text": "Sint-Niklaas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalst,_Belgium", "text": "Aalst", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudenaarde", "text": "Oudenaarde", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortrijk", "text": "Kortrijk", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veurne", "text": "Veurne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea", "text": "North Seashore", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend", "text": "Ostend", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roeselare", "text": "Roeselare", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium", "text": "provinces of Flanders", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Maurice McLoughlin defeated R. Norris Williams 6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1913 U.S. National Championships. The event was held at the Newport Casino in Newport, R.I. in the United States.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_McLoughlin", "text": "Maurice McLoughlin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Norris_Williams", "text": "R. Norris Williams", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_U.S._National_Championships_(tennis)", "text": "1913 U.S. National Championships", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_Casino", "text": "Newport Casino", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island", "text": "Newport", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island", "text": "R.I.", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Draw", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "\" ' Cause I'm a Man \" is a song by Australian musical project Tame Impala, released on 7 April 2015 as the second single from their third studio album Currents. The song peaked at number 80 on the ARIA Singles Chart. A music video for the song was uploaded on 21 May 2015 on the project's Vevo channel on YouTube.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tame_Impala", "text": "Tame Impala", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_album", "text": "studio album", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currents_(Tame_Impala_album)", "text": "Currents", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARIA_Charts", "text": "ARIA Singles Chart", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevo", "text": "Vevo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube", "text": "YouTube", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Kevin Parker described the song as being \"about how weak men are basically, and how we make all these excuses.\" In the song, Parker's vocals are clearer in the mix than in previous Tame Impala songs, an extension of his love of \"that dreamy, silvery vocal sound.\" It was difficult for him, as he was uncomfortable with his vocal performance. According to Parker, recording the song became obsessive. He recalled performing over 1,057 partial vocal takes for either \" ' Cause I'm a Man\" or the album's fourth single, \" The Less I Know the Better \", though he could not recall which.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Less_I_Know_the_Better", "text": "The Less I Know the Better", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The song courted controversy over its lyrics, which could be considered sexist. Parker addressed this in an interview with Stereogum:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereogum", "text": "Stereogum", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "It's really meant to be interpreted more like 'I'm a man' as in 'I'm a human. I'm merely a man.'\" I understand how it can be perceived as sexist, almost misogynistic, but put it this way: I know deep in my heart, I am not in any way sexist. And I knew there would be people who would think that. There was a small part of me that was excited about ruffling some feathers 'cause I never do that, you know? I'm not that kind of person.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Parker intended the song as tongue-in-cheek, and noted that interpreting the song in such a way disappointed him.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongue-in-cheek", "text": "tongue-in-cheek", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Release and remixes", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The song debuted on Australia's Triple J on 5 April 2015, and was released for digital download on 7 April 2015.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_J", "text": "Triple J", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_download", "text": "digital download", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "A remix of the song by pop rock band Haim premiered on 6 August 2015. According to Billboard, Tame Impala asked Haim to remix the song, and subsequently promoted the song via their social media accounts. The song has been noted as more of a cover version than a remix, and Danielle Haim acknowledged this: \"We've never really done a \"remix\" before so we decided to put out our own spin on the song.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix", "text": "remix", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haim_(band)", "text": "Haim", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)", "text": "Billboard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_version", "text": "cover version", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Critical reception", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Evan Minsker of Pitchfork gave it the site's \"Best New Track\" designation, praising the song's universal theme and R&B balladry: \"It's a vulnerable song—one with regret, sure, but also affection.\" Ryan Reed at Billboard gave it four stars out of five, praising the song as a \"soulful single\" spread over \"four gorgeous minutes.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_Media", "text": "Pitchfork", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)", "text": "Billboard", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Accolades", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Arizona Republic ranked the song number seven on its list of the top 30 songs of 2015.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic", "text": "The Arizona Republic", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Music video", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The song received two music videos. The first \"official\" music video for the song, lasting four minutes and four seconds, was uploaded on 21 May 2015 to the group's Vevo channel on YouTube. The video is a 3D animation centered on a man with no face and his events in life involving work, women, and \"the ultimate pitfalls of life\", as stated by AXS TV. It was directed by Nicky Smith. The second, directed by Dan Dipaola and Megan McShane, features puppet versions of Tame Impala performing the song, and was released on 28 May. In June, Feltworth, a puppet band connected with the Canadian group Sloan, released a clip wherein its members debate the merits of the second clip.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_video", "text": "music videos", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevo", "text": "Vevo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube", "text": "YouTube", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_animation", "text": "3D animation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AXS_TV", "text": "AXS TV", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppet", "text": "puppet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloan_(band)", "text": "Sloan", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Track listing", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 130th Engineer Battalion (130th EN BN) is a combat engineer battalion of the Puerto Rico Army National Guard allocated to the 101st Troop Command. The 130th is one of the most decorated battalions of the Puerto Rico National Guard with two Presidential Unit Citations, one Meritorious Unit Commendation, thirty five Purple Hearts, one Silver Star Medal, twenty six Bronze Star Medals, and four hundred and sixty nine Army Commendation Medals.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_engineer", "text": "combat engineer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battalion", "text": "battalion", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Army_National_Guard", "text": "Puerto Rico Army National Guard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/101st_Troop_Command", "text": "101st Troop Command", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_National_Guard", "text": "Puerto Rico National Guard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)", "text": "Presidential Unit Citations", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritorious_Unit_Commendation", "text": "Meritorious Unit Commendation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_Heart", "text": "Purple Hearts", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Star_Medal", "text": "Silver Star Medal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal", "text": "Bronze Star Medals", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Commendation_Medal", "text": "Army Commendation Medals", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Constituted 6 February 1959 in the Puerto Rico Army National Guard as the 126th Engineer Battalion.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Organized and Federally recognized 15 February 1959 from existing units with headquarters in Carolina, Puerto Rico.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolina,_Puerto_Rico", "text": "Carolina, Puerto Rico", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Redesignated 1 May 1959 as the 130th Engineer Battalion.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Location of headquarters changed 31 December 1967 to Vega Baja.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Ordered into active Federal service 11 February 2003 at home stations; released from active Federal service 21 May 2003 and reverted to territorial control.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Ordered into active Federal service 23 July 2006 at home stations; released from active Federal service 18 January 2008 and reverted to territorial control. The 130th Eng. Bn. completed more than 1,500 combat patrol missions in Iraq, more than 44,000 miles of roads traveled and recon, 16,500 interrogations conducted, 7,300 hours expended in IED search throughout Baghdad and found and deactivated more than 280 IEDs.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Reorganized 1 September 2008 to consist of the headquarters and the Support Company (Companies A, B, C and D concurrently reorganized and redesignated as the 1013th Engineer Company, the 1014th Engineer Company, the 1011th Engineer Company, the 1010th Engineer Company and the 215th Fire Fighter Engineer Detachment, respectively hereafter separate lineages).", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Structure", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico & National Guard Bureau & United States Department of the Army Puerto Rico National Guard & Army National Guard Puerto Rico Army National Guard 101st Troop Command 130th Engineer Battalion 130th EN BN Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) 130th EN BN Forward Support Company (FSC) 1010th Engineer Company 1011th Engineer Company 1013th Engineer (Sapper) Company 1014th Engineer (Sapper) Company 215th Fire Fighter Engineer Detachment", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_branch_of_the_government_of_Puerto_Rico", "text": "Executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_Bureau", "text": "National Guard Bureau", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army", "text": "United States Department of the Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_National_Guard", "text": "Puerto Rico National Guard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_National_Guard", "text": "Army National Guard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Army_National_Guard", "text": "Puerto Rico Army National Guard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/101st_Troop_Command", "text": "101st Troop Command", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_and_Headquarters_Company", "text": "HHC", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Support_Company?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "FSC", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Puerto Rico National Guard & Army National Guard Puerto Rico Army National Guard 101st Troop Command 130th Engineer Battalion 130th EN BN Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) 130th EN BN Forward Support Company (FSC) 1010th Engineer Company 1011th Engineer Company 1013th Engineer (Sapper) Company 1014th Engineer (Sapper) Company 215th Fire Fighter Engineer Detachment", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_National_Guard", "text": "Puerto Rico National Guard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_National_Guard", "text": "Army National Guard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Army_National_Guard", "text": "Puerto Rico Army National Guard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/101st_Troop_Command", "text": "101st Troop Command", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_and_Headquarters_Company", "text": "HHC", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Support_Company?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "FSC", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Puerto Rico Army National Guard 101st Troop Command 130th Engineer Battalion 130th EN BN Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) 130th EN BN Forward Support Company (FSC) 1010th Engineer Company 1011th Engineer Company 1013th Engineer (Sapper) Company 1014th Engineer (Sapper) Company 215th Fire Fighter Engineer Detachment", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Army_National_Guard", "text": "Puerto Rico Army National Guard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/101st_Troop_Command", "text": "101st Troop Command", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_and_Headquarters_Company", "text": "HHC", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Support_Company?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "FSC", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "101st Troop Command 130th Engineer Battalion 130th EN BN Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) 130th EN BN Forward Support Company (FSC) 1010th Engineer Company 1011th Engineer Company 1013th Engineer (Sapper) Company 1014th Engineer (Sapper) Company 215th Fire Fighter Engineer Detachment", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/101st_Troop_Command", "text": "101st Troop Command", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_and_Headquarters_Company", "text": "HHC", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Support_Company?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "FSC", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "130th Engineer Battalion 130th EN BN Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) 130th EN BN Forward Support Company (FSC) 1010th Engineer Company 1011th Engineer Company 1013th Engineer (Sapper) Company 1014th Engineer (Sapper) Company 215th Fire Fighter Engineer Detachment", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_and_Headquarters_Company", "text": "HHC", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Support_Company?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "FSC", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "130th EN BN Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_and_Headquarters_Company", "text": "HHC", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "130th EN BN Forward Support Company (FSC)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Support_Company?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "FSC", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1010th Engineer Company", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1011th Engineer Company", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1013th Engineer (Sapper) Company", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1014th Engineer (Sapper) Company", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "215th Fire Fighter Engineer Detachment", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Honors and awards", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Unit", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Individuals", "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1904–05 IPHL season was played by teams of the International Professional Hockey League. It marked the first season in the league’s history. It’s also the only season the Calumet-Laurium Miners won the league title.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Professional_Hockey_League", "text": "International Professional Hockey League", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Events from the year 1507 in India.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "The siege of Cannanore (1507) from April to August", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Cannanore_(1507)", "text": "siege of Cannanore (1507)", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1926 Darlington by-election was a by-election held on 17 February 1926 for the British House of Commons constituency of Darlington in County Durham.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-election", "text": "by-election", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_House_of_Commons", "text": "British House of Commons", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_constituencies", "text": "constituency", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "text": "Darlington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Durham", "text": "County Durham", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Vacancy", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The seat had become vacant when the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), William Pease had died on 23 January 1926, aged 60. He had held the seat since a by-election in 1923.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)", "text": "Conservative", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "Member of Parliament", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Edwin_Pease", "text": "William Pease", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_Darlington_by-election", "text": "by-election in 1923", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Candidates", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Liberal Party candidate was 51-year-old John Dickie, who had been the MP for Gateshead from 1923 until his defeat at the 1924 general election.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)", "text": "Liberal Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Purcell_Dickie", "text": "John Dickie", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateshead_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "text": "Gateshead", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election", "text": "1923", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election", "text": "1924 general election", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Labour Party candidate was 42-year-old Arthur Shepherd, and E. H. Pease stood for the Conservatives. Pease had not previously contested a parliamentary election, but Shepherd had contested Darlington in 1924, losing by over 2000 votes to William Pease.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)", "text": "Labour Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lewis_Shepherd", "text": "Arthur Shepherd", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)", "text": "Conservatives", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Result", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On a slightly increased turnout, the result was a narrow victory for Shepherd. His share of the vote was lower than in 1924, when there had been no Liberal candidate, but the presence of a Liberal in the by-election impacted more heavily on the Conservatives than on Labour.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Aftermath", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Shepherd held the seat at the 1929 general election, but was defeated in 1931.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election", "text": "1929 general election", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election", "text": "1931", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Pease did not stand for Parliament again, but Dickie was elected in 1931 as National Liberal MP for Consett.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)", "text": "National Liberal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consett_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "text": "Consett", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Sources", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs", "links": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150215181722/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons.htm", "text": "Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Elections to the Supreme Soviet were held in the Soviet Union on 10 February 1946. According to Soviet law, 325,000 out of an eligible adult population of 101,718,000 were disenfranchised for various reasons. This election was the first in which a 1945 decree allowed members of the Red Army stationed outside the Soviet Union to vote for both chambers of the Supreme Soviet in special 100,000-member districts, a practice which would continue for decades with the Red Army presence in the Eastern bloc.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union", "text": "Supreme Soviet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union", "text": "Soviet Union", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army", "text": "Red Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_bloc", "text": "Eastern bloc", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Soviet of the Union", "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin", "text": "Joseph Stalin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union", "text": "VKP(b)", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Chairman of the Council of Ministers before election Joseph Stalin VKP(b)", "value": "Elected Chairman of the Council of Ministers Joseph Stalin VKP(b)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin", "text": "Joseph Stalin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union", "text": "VKP(b)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin", "text": "Joseph Stalin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union", "text": "VKP(b)", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1958–59 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1958-59 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Bill Strannigan, who was in his fifth and final season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_State_University", "text": "Iowa State University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958-59_NCAA_University_Division_men's_basketball_rankings", "text": "1958-59 NCAA University Division men's basketball season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_men's_basketball", "text": "Cyclones", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Strannigan", "text": "Bill Strannigan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_State_Armory", "text": "Iowa State Armory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ames,_Iowa", "text": "Ames, Iowa", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "They finished the season 9–16, 4–10 in Big Eight play to finish in seventh place.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference", "text": "Big Eight", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule and results", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1951 St. Bonaventure Brown Indians football team was an American football team that represented St. Bonaventure University during the 1951 college football season. In its second season under head coach Joe Bach, the team compiled a 5–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 218 to 175. The team played its home games at Forness Stadium in Olean, New York.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football", "text": "American football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bonaventure_University", "text": "St. Bonaventure University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_college_football_season", "text": "1951 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Bach", "text": "Joe Bach", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forness_Stadium", "text": "Forness Stadium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olean,_New_York", "text": "Olean, New York", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Quarterback Ted Marchibroda led the team on offense. In nine games, Marchibroda completed 72 of 170 passes for 1,146 yards and 12 touchdowns. Halfback Jerry Hanifin led the team's rushing attack. Among its more notable contests was the October 27 game against the Louisville Cardinals, which marked the debut of Johnny Unitas.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Marchibroda", "text": "Ted Marchibroda", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Louisville_Cardinals_football_team", "text": "Louisville Cardinals", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Unitas", "text": "Johnny Unitas", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In December 1951, one month after the season ended, coach Bach left the team to become head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers", "text": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In February 1952, St. Bonaventure announced that it was suspending competition in intercollegiate football. The school's president, Rev. Juvenal Lalor, stated that the decision was prompted by \"ever increasing costs in every department and steadily declining income.\" The decision was part of a trend among Catholic universities in the post-war years to terminate their football programs. The trend included Portland (1949), Saint Louis (1949), Duquesne (1950), Georgetown (1950), Saint Mary's (1950), Loyola of Los Angeles (1951), San Francisco (1951), and Santa Clara (1952).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_Pilots_football", "text": "Portland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Louis_Billikens_football", "text": "Saint Louis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duquesne_Dukes_football", "text": "Duquesne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_Hoyas_football", "text": "Georgetown", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Mary's_Gaels_football", "text": "Saint Mary's", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyola_Lions_football", "text": "Loyola of Los Angeles", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Dons_football", "text": "San Francisco", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Clara_Broncos_football", "text": "Santa Clara", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1957–58 Ranji Trophy was the 24th season of the Ranji Trophy. Baroda won the title defeating Services in the final. Vidarbha made their debut in the competition.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranji_Trophy", "text": "Ranji Trophy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroda_cricket_team", "text": "Baroda", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Services_cricket_team", "text": "Services", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidarbha_cricket_team", "text": "Vidarbha", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Highlights", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Zonal matches were played in a round-robin format, for the first time in Ranji Trophy history.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bombay conceded its last match in the West Zone match against Baroda when it became certain that Baroda would qualify from the West Zone. It would be twenty years, 124 matches and 18 Ranji titles before Bombay lost another match outright, against Gujarat in 1977–78.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977–78_Ranji_Trophy", "text": "1977–78", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Prakash Bhandari hit 227 and took 4/34 and 5/47 for Delhi against Patiala", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Bhandari", "text": "Prakash Bhandari", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Group stage", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Points System", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Win : 8 points", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Draw (with First Innings Lead) : 5 points", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Draw (without First Innings Lead) : 3 points", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lost : 0 points", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bonus : 1 point", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Knockout stage", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Final", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Baroda won the toss and elected to bat.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Vijay Hazare (Baroda) passed 6,000 runs in first-class matches.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijay_Hazare", "text": "Vijay Hazare", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox cricket tournament", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1957–58 Ranji Trophy", "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": "The Ranji Trophy", "links": null, "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ranji_trophy.jpg/350px-Ranji_trophy.jpg", "width": 350, "height": 350, "alternative_text": null, "caption": "The Ranji Trophy" } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": "Administrator(s)", "value": "BCCI", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India", "text": "BCCI", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Cricket format", "value": "First-class", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-class_cricket", "text": "First-class", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Tournament format(s)", "value": "Knockout", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-elimination_tournament", "text": "Knockout", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Champions", "value": "Baroda (4th title)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroda_cricket_team", "text": "Baroda", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Participants", "value": "22", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Most runs", "value": "Polly Umrigar (Bombay) (594)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_Umrigar", "text": "Polly Umrigar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957–58_Ranji_Trophy#cite_note-1", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Most wickets", "value": "Ghulam Ahmed (Hyderabad) and V.V. Kumar (Madras) (28)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Ahmed_(cricketer)", "text": "Ghulam Ahmed", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaman_Kumar", "text": "V.V. Kumar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957–58_Ranji_Trophy#cite_note-2", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Events from 1931 in Catalonia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia", "text": "Catalonia", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Incumbents", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "President of the Generalitat of Catalonia – Francesc Macià (from 14 April)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia", "text": "President of the Generalitat of Catalonia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesc_Macià", "text": "Francesc Macià", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "12 April – Local elections in Spain gave the victory in Catalonia to the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia", "text": "Republican Left of Catalonia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "14 April – Francesc Macià proclaims the Catalan Republic in Barcelona.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_Republic_(1931)", "text": "Catalan Republic", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona", "text": "Barcelona", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "17 April – The Catalan Republic becomes in the Generalitat of Catalonia presided by Macià himself, as an autonomous government within the new Spanish Republic.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalitat_of_Catalonia", "text": "Generalitat of Catalonia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic", "text": "Spanish Republic", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "26 April – 29th IOC Session held in Barcelona, electing Berlin as the host city of 1936 Summer Olympic Games.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOC_Session", "text": "IOC Session", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin", "text": "Berlin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympic_Games", "text": "1936 Summer Olympic Games", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "23 June – El Be Negre, Catalan illustrated satirical weekly magazine, founded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Be_Negre", "text": "El Be Negre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satirical", "text": "satirical", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazine", "text": "magazine", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "2 August – Catalan voters approve the draft of Statute of Autonomy for Catalonia redacted in Núria (Ripollès, Girona).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Catalonia_of_1932", "text": "Statute of Autonomy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall_de_Núria", "text": "Núria", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripollès", "text": "Ripollès", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Girona", "text": "Girona", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Sport", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 September – Volta a Catalunya begins.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_Volta_a_Catalunya", "text": "Volta a Catalunya", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "13 September – Volta a Catalunya ends, won by Salvador Cardona.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Cardona", "text": "Salvador Cardona", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Year in Catalonia", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": null, "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1930", "text": "1930", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1929", "text": "1929", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1928", "text": "1928", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1931", "text": "1931", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia", "text": "Catalonia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_in_Catalonia", "text": "1932", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933_in_Catalonia", "text": "1933", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_in_Catalonia", "text": "1934", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/90px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png", "width": 90, "height": 90, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "← 1930 1929 1928 1931 in Catalonia → 1932 1933 1934", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1930", "text": "1930", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1929", "text": "1929", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1928", "text": "1928", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1931", "text": "1931", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia", "text": "Catalonia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_in_Catalonia", "text": "1932", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933_in_Catalonia", "text": "1933", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_in_Catalonia", "text": "1934", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/90px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png", "width": 90, "height": 90, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "name": "Decades", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - 1910s\n - 1920s\n - 1930s\n - 1940s\n - 1950s\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "See also", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - Other events of 1931\n - Timeline of Catalan history\n" ], "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "A plebiscite was held in the Philippines on April 30, 1937, to decide whether or not women could vote. Multiple women's movements started in 1910, which led to the plebiscite in 1937, where women voted for or against women's suffrage rights. Filipino women worked hard to mobilize and fight for women's suffrage in the early 1900s and gained victory after 447,725 out of 500,000 votes affirmed women's right to vote.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendums_in_the_Philippines", "text": "plebiscite", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_suffrage", "text": "women's suffrage", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Counterarguments against women gaining the right to vote in the Philippines were stated due to the fact that it would ruin family unity, giving less power to the husband or man of the house in the family.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Prior to the plebiscite, electors voted on the approval of the new Philippine constitution. Approximately 1,213,934 of the electors voted in favor of the new constitution, while 42,690 voted against it. The new constitution, which contains a provision for the mechanism of extending the right to vote to women, was also the shortest constitution that was ratified during modern times. This new constitution contained only a small number of articles.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Before women gained the right to vote, they had no legal rights during that time period. Even with the proper consent from their husbands, women still could not obtain any legal rights. Governor General Dwight F. Davis made it legal for women to have some legal rights when it came to the disposition of property. This allowed women to own personal items within their marriage.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_F._Davis", "text": "Dwight F. Davis", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In the beginning of the 20th century, various women's rights groups emerged shortly after the United States gained sovereignty over the Philippines. In 1905, the Asociacion Feminista Filipina (Feminist Association of the Philippines) was founded by Concepcion Felix Rodriguez along with 12 elite women. A year later, in 1906, women's rights pioneer Pura Villanueva Kalaw founded the Asociacion Feminista Ilonga; its goal was to focus on women's suffrage. Both of these organizations not only helped the suffrage movement, they were also one of the first organizations that built a foundation for the suffrage movement in the Philippines. The objectives of the organizations were to touch upon socio-civic matters some of which were prison reform, improving the education system and healthcare and labor reforms.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociacion_Feminista_Filipina", "text": "Asociacion Feminista Filipina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepción_Felix", "text": "Concepcion Felix Rodriguez", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pura_Villanueva_Kalaw", "text": "Pura Villanueva Kalaw", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociacion_Feminista_Ilonga", "text": "Asociacion Feminista Ilonga", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Governor General Frank Murphy was the first governor to take action on gaining civil and political rights for women, while other governors such as Dwight F. Davis aimed to help women gain civil rights, but never took initiative. Murphy, who aimed to gain peace and unity for all Philippine women, ultimately signed the Woman's Suffrage Bill, in hope that women would gain equal rights, fairness, and treatment.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murphy", "text": "Frank Murphy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_F._Davis", "text": "Dwight F. Davis", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Several feminist organizations played a role in enhancing the suffrage movement. At the same time, there was an all-male National Legislature that was against the feminist movement, thus did not support the movement because they feared that traditional family roles would start to change if women had the right to vote. Those who were opposed to the women's suffrage movement were not only men but also women.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 1920, the Manila Women's Club emerged as the \"next big step\" toward forming the League of Women's Suffragettes, which worked toward women's right to vote. The club formed the League of Women's Suffragettes. A year after the League of Women's Suffragettes was formed, there was another organization called the National Federation of Women's Club in 1921–1937, which was known to be the vanguard of the suffrage movement.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 1933, Act No. 4112 became law granting women the right to vote but this legislation was never implemented and was effectively revoked with the adoption of the 1935 constitution.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Legislation and plebiscite", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 1934, the 1935 constitution was approved. Article 5 of the constitution stated that \"The National Assembly shall extend the right of suffrage to women, if in a plebiscite which shall be held for that purpose within two years after the adoption of this Constitution, not less than three hundred thousand women possessing the necessary qualifications shall vote affirmatively on the question\".", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In response, Filipino women amped up their mobilization women to vote. There was widespread propaganda through media, posters, press, radio, house to house visits and such and they also had lectures informing women about the plebiscite. The Junior Federation of Women's Club was also created to help women with children so that they were able to vote while their children would be taken care of. Transportation and food were provided, creating less hassle for Filipinos that may or may not have financial abilities to go out and vote.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The National Assembly passed Commonwealth Act No. 34 which was approved on 30 September 1936; the act provided for the holding of the plebiscite for women's suffrage the following year. As mandated by Commonwealth Act No. 34, women who met the same qualification as men would be qualifies to vote in the plebiscite.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Voters were asked the following:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In English:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Are you in favor of granting suffrage to women?", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In Spanish:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Esta Vd. en favor de la concesion del sufragio a las mujeres?", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Out of the total of 500,000 women that voted in 30 April 1937, 447,725 women voted in favor of extending the right to vote to women while 52,275 voted against.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "As a result of the majority of affirmative votes cast, the right of suffrage was extended to women, in compliance with section 10 of Commonwealth Act No. 34.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Plebiscite results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rules: In order to be approved, there should be 300,000 or more \"Yes\" votes.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Legacy", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 1947, 10 years after Philippine women were granted the right to vote, Geronima T. Pecson was elected as the first women senator. The election of Pecson prompted the entry of more women into governmental leadership positions, including the eventual election of two presidents, three vice presidents, congresswomen, senators, mayors, and many others. The Philippines is one of the earliest countries in Southeast Asia to have a female president, Corazon Aquino, who was elected to office on February 25, 1986. The country also has higher female representation in government relative to other Southeast Asian countries. The current Constitution of the Philippines, ratified in 1987, grants equality for both men and women, and guarantees the rights to suffrage, public service, political expression, and the right to information. The Philippines is also a signatory of the United Nations Convention on the Political Rights of Women (CEDAW).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronima_T._Pecson", "text": "Geronima T. Pecson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino", "text": "Corazon Aquino", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines", "text": "Constitution of the Philippines", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Political_Rights_of_Women", "text": "Convention on the Political Rights of Women", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1949 St. Louis Browns season involved the Browns finishing 7th in the American League with a record of 53 wins and 101 losses.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Browns", "text": "St. Louis Browns", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_League", "text": "American League", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Offseason", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 4, 1948: Sam Dente was traded by the Browns to the Washington Senators for John Sullivan, Tom Ferrick and $25,000.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Dente", "text": "Sam Dente", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Senators_(1901–60)", "text": "Washington Senators", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sullivan_(shortstop)", "text": "John Sullivan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Ferrick_(baseball)", "text": "Tom Ferrick", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 16, 1948: Bob Savage was selected off waivers by the Browns from the Philadelphia Athletics.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Savage", "text": "Bob Savage", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Athletics", "text": "Philadelphia Athletics", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Regular season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Record vs. opponents", "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Player stats", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Batting", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "Starters by position" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "Other batters" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Pitching", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "Starting pitchers" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "Other pitchers" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "Relief pitchers" } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Farm system", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Aberdeen Salinas club moved to Tijuana, August 5, 1949", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "House Arrest (Bulgarian: Домашен арест, romanized: Domashen arest) is a Bulgarian sitcom aired on bTV and produced by bTV Studios. The series marked the dawn of a new generation of Bulgarian cinema and television. Some critics have said that it is the most successful Bulgarian sitcom. The first season aired starting November 24, 2011 as part of the \"Season of Bulgarian TV series\". Directors of production are Peter Valchanov and Nikolay Penchev, Stanislav Todorov - Rogi, Grigor Kumitski and writer Nelly Dimitrova. Chief operator Grigor Kumitski.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_language", "text": "Bulgarian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian", "text": "romanized", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria", "text": "Bulgarian", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "House arrest is a unique product developed based on the model of American sitcoms such as Everybody Loves Raymond, Two and a Half Men, Friends among others. One of the leading British experts in this genre - director Ben Squirt - was part of the consulting team in the beginning stage of the project.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody_Loves_Raymond", "text": "Everybody Loves Raymond", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_and_a_Half_Men", "text": "Two and a Half Men", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends", "text": "Friends", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The series was filmed with HD cameras in 16:9 format, but in his first season was broadcast in 4:3, the second season changes to HD 16:9 format, along with the transition of TV to HD.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_video", "text": "HD", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16:9", "text": "16:9", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Characters", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mother Emi (Tatyana Lolova) - Emilia, a woman from an aristocratic family, the mother of Anastasia and Emko, mother-in-law of Kotzeto. She doesn't like her son-in-law.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatyana_Lolova", "text": "Tatyana Lolova", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Kotzeto (Fillip Avramov) - son-in-law of Emi, father of Lucho and Zara. Freeloader of the family.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillip_Avramov?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Fillip Avramov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Anastasia (Maya Bejanska) - daughter of Mother Emi, sister of Emko, mother of Lucho and Zara, wife of Kotzeto.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Bejanska?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Maya Bejanska", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Emko (Ivan Panev) - son of Mother Emi, brother of Anastasia, uncle of Lucho and Zara. He is very smart, but doesn't have many friends.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Panev?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Ivan Panev", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Zara (Stefani Doycheva) - granddaughter of Mother Emi, daughter of Kotzeto and Anastasia, twin sister of Lucho", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefani_Doycheva?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Stefani Doycheva", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lucho (Velizar Velichkov) - grandson of Mother Emi, son of Kotzeto and Anastasia, twin brother of Zara", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velizar_Velichkov?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Velizar Velichkov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Milko (Borislav Zahariev) - best friend of Kotzeto, a neighbor of Kotzeto", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borislav_Zahariev?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Borislav Zahariev", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Blond Bisserka (Magdalena Pavlova) - a friend of Emko", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Black Bisserka (Asya Yocheva) - a friend of Emko", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Capitan (Veselin Kalanovski) - Mother Emi's friend", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veselin_Kalanovski?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Veselin Kalanovski", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Raicho (Nikolay Stanoev) - a friend of Kotzeto", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Stanoev?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Nikolay Stanoev", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bat Kolio (Kitodar Todorov) - a friend of Kotzeto", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitodar_Todorov?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Kitodar Todorov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Elenko (Valentin Goshev) - father of Kotzeto", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "István Csurka Yegeresegere (Orlin Pavlov) - Hungarian, was once betrothed to Anastasia", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlin_Pavlov", "text": "Orlin Pavlov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Guest stars", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "100 Kila (Bulgarian Hip-Hop singer) - Zara's Boyfriend", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Kila", "text": "100 Kila", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Episodes", "has_parts": null } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox television", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "House Arrest", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Домашен арест", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Genre", "value": "Comedy Sitcom", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy", "text": "Comedy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitcom", "text": "Sitcom", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Created by", "value": "Teo Chipilov Nikolina Bocheva", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Written by", "value": "Neli Dimitrova", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Directed by", "value": "Petar Vulchanov Nikolay Penchev Stanislav Todorov – Rogi Grigor Kumitski", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Starring", "value": "Tatyana Lolova Maya Bejanska Fillip Avramov Ivan Panev", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatyana_Lolova", "text": "Tatyana Lolova", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Bejanska?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Maya Bejanska", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillip_Avramov?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Fillip Avramov", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Panev?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Ivan Panev", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Country of origin", "value": "Bulgaria", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Original language", "value": "Bulgarian", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "No. of seasons", "value": "4", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "No. of episodes", "value": "86", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Production", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Producers", "value": "bTV Studios bTV Media Group", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Running time", "value": "25 minutes", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Original release", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Network", "value": "bTV bTV Comedy (reps)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTV_(Bulgaria)", "text": "bTV", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTV_Comedy", "text": "bTV Comedy", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Release", "value": "24 November 2011 – 6 December 2013", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

{ "identifier": 1186693550, "comment": "Undid revision 1162002674 by [[Special:Contributions/Thomediter|Thomediter]] ([[User talk:Thomediter|talk]]) Retsforbundet was a centre-right party. It should be placed amongst the other parties on the right.", "is_minor_edit": true, "scores": null, "editor": { "identifier": 33964057, "name": "Admiral Fisker", "edit_count": null, "groups": null, "date_started": null, "is_patroller": null, "is_bot": null, "is_admin": null, "is_anonymous": null, "has_advanced_rights": null }, "number_of_characters": 4437, "size": { "value": 4455, "unit_text": "B" }, "noindex": null, "maintenance_tags": null, "tags": [ "mw-undo", "wikieditor" ], "is_breaking_news": null }

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 28 October 1947, except in the Faroe Islands where they were held on 18 February 1948. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing, with 57 of the 150 seats. Voter turnout was 86% in Denmark proper and 60% in the Faroes.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folketing", "text": "Folketing", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark", "text": "Denmark", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faroe_Islands", "text": "Faroe Islands", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)", "text": "Social Democratic Party", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Electoral system changes", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Following legislation in December 1947 the representation of the Faroe Islands constituency was increased from one seat to two. The two seats were elected using proportional representation with the D'Hondt method.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_representation", "text": "proportional representation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'Hondt_method", "text": "D'Hondt method", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox legislative election", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1947 Danish Folketing election", "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": null, "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Realm", "text": "no", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg.png", "width": 50, "height": 50, "alternative_text": "Danish Realm" } ] } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Denmark_%28state%29.svg.png", "width": 50, "height": 50, "alternative_text": "Danish Realm", "caption": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "28 October 1947", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "28 October 1947", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "All 150 seats in the Folketing 76 seats needed for a majority", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Denmark", "text": "Folketing", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": "This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)", "text": "Social Democrats", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hedtoft", "text": "Hans Hedtoft", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)", "text": "Venstre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knud_Kristensen", "text": "Knud Kristensen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_People's_Party_(Denmark)", "text": "Conservatives", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Bjørn_Kraft", "text": "Ole Bjørn Kraft", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party", "text": "Social Liberals", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jørgen_Jørgensen_(politician)", "text": "Jørgen Jørgensen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Denmark", "text": "Communists", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksel_Larsen", "text": "Aksel Larsen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_Party_of_Denmark", "text": "Justice", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oluf_Pedersen_(politician)", "text": "Oluf Pedersen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Party_(Faroe_Islands)", "text": "People's", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Petersen?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Thorstein Petersen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Party_(Faroe_Islands)", "text": "Union", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrass_Samuelsen", "text": "Andrass Samuelsen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knud_Kristensen", "text": "Knud Kristensen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)", "text": "Venstre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hedtoft", "text": "Hans Hedtoft", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)", "text": "Social Democrats", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Folketing1947.svg/290px-Folketing1947.svg.png", "width": 290, "height": 290, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Party Leader % Seats +/–", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Social Democrats Hans Hedtoft 40.02 57 +9", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)", "text": "Social Democrats", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hedtoft", "text": "Hans Hedtoft", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Venstre Knud Kristensen 27.58 49 +11", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)", "text": "Venstre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knud_Kristensen", "text": "Knud Kristensen", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Conservatives Ole Bjørn Kraft 12.44 17 −9", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_People's_Party_(Denmark)", "text": "Conservatives", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Bjørn_Kraft", "text": "Ole Bjørn Kraft", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Social Liberals Jørgen Jørgensen 6.92 10 −1", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party", "text": "Social Liberals", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jørgen_Jørgensen_(politician)", "text": "Jørgen Jørgensen", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Communists Aksel Larsen 6.77 9 −9", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Denmark", "text": "Communists", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksel_Larsen", "text": "Aksel Larsen", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Justice Oluf Pedersen 4.54 6 +3", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_Party_of_Denmark", "text": "Justice", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oluf_Pedersen_(politician)", "text": "Oluf Pedersen", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Elected in the Faroe Islands", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "People's Thorstein Petersen 42.68 1 0", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Party_(Faroe_Islands)", "text": "People's", "images": null }, { "url": 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Vaibhav Gehlot (born 2 June 1980) is an Indian National Congress politician and Member of the Indian National Congress. He is contesting as the Congress candidate at Jalore in the 2024 general election. & He is Former contesting as the Congress candidate at Jodhpur in the 2019 general election but was defeated by the BJP candidate Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress", "text": "Indian National Congress", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress", "text": "Indian National Congress", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalore_Lok_Sabha_constituency", "text": "Jalore", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election", "text": "2024 general election", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhpur_Lok_Sabha_constituency", "text": "Jodhpur", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election", "text": "2019 general election", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajendra_Singh_Shekhawat", "text": "Gajendra Singh Shekhawat", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "34°0′44.05″N 6°49′20.98″W / 34.0122361°N 6.8224944°W", "links": [ { "url": "https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_African_Cooperation_and_Moroccan_Expatriates&params=34_0_44.05_N_6_49_20.98_W_type:landmark", "text": "34°0′44.05″N 6°49′20.98″W / 34.0122361°N 6.8224944°W", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates is the foreign affairs ministry of Morocco, responsible for implementing Morocco's foreign policy and ensuring relations with foreign states.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco", "text": "Morocco", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Its head office is in Rabat and is one of the so-called \"ministries of sovereignty\", which report directly to the king of Morocco, alongside the ministries of the interior and religious affairs.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabat", "text": "Rabat", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Morocco", "text": "king of Morocco", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Since 5 April 2017, Nasser Bourita is the incumbent minister, and is assisted by his junior minister, Abdelkrim Benatiq, who serves as the Minister Delegate to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, in charge of Moroccans living abroad and Migration Affairs.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasser_Bourita", "text": "Nasser Bourita", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Organization and structure", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The ministry was created by Dahir No. 1-56-097 of 26 April 1956, four months after the formation of the government of Mbarek Bekkay, first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Morocco. The ministry is headed by the Secretary of State, currently Mounia Boucetta since April 2017. As of 2017, the ministry manages and staffs 91 embassies, 53 consulates-general and several Permanent Missions.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moroccan_Dahir", "text": "Dahir", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbarek_Bekkay", "text": "Mbarek Bekkay", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "List of ministers", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ahmed Balafrej (1956–1958)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Balafrej", "text": "Ahmed Balafrej", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abdallah Ibrahim (1958–1960)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_Ibrahim", "text": "Abdallah Ibrahim", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Driss M'Hammedi (1960–1961)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driss_M'Hammedi", "text": "Driss M'Hammedi", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ahmed Balafrej (1961–1963)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Balafrej", "text": "Ahmed Balafrej", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ahmed Réda Guédira (1963–1964)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Réda_Guédira?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Ahmed Réda Guédira", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ahmed Taibi Benhima (1964–1966)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Taibi_Benhima?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Ahmed Taibi Benhima", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mohamed Cherkaoui (1966–1967)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Cherkaoui", "text": "Mohamed Cherkaoui", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ahmed Laraki (1967–1971)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Laraki", "text": "Ahmed Laraki", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abdellatif Filali (1971–1972)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdellatif_Filali", "text": "Abdellatif Filali", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ahmed Taibi Benhima (1972–1974)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ahmed Laraki (1974–1977)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Laraki", "text": "Ahmed Laraki", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "M'hamed Boucetta (1977–1983)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M'hamed_Boucetta", "text": "M'hamed Boucetta", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abdelouahed Belkeziz (1983–1985)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelouahed_Belkeziz", "text": "Abdelouahed Belkeziz", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abdellatif Filali (1985–1999)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdellatif_Filali", "text": "Abdellatif Filali", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mohamed Benaissa (1999 – 15 October 2007)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Benaissa", "text": "Mohamed Benaissa", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Taieb Fassi Fihri (15 October 2007 – 3 January 2012)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taieb_Fassi_Fihri", "text": "Taieb Fassi Fihri", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Saad-Eddine El Othmani (3 January 2012 – 10 October 2013)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad-Eddine_El_Othmani", "text": "Saad-Eddine El Othmani", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Salaheddine Mezouar (10 October 2013 – 5 April 2017)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaheddine_Mezouar", "text": "Salaheddine Mezouar", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Nasser Bourita (5 April 2017 – present)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasser_Bourita", "text": "Nasser Bourita", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1931–32 Ljubljana Subassociation League was the 13th season of the Ljubljana Subassociation League. Ilirija won the league.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubljana_Subassociation_League", "text": "Ljubljana Subassociation League", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ND_Ilirija_Ljubljana", "text": "Ilirija", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Final table", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1951 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 1951 college football season. They played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium and competed as members of the Big Seven Conference. They were coached by head coach Bud Wilkinson.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma", "text": "University of Oklahoma", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_college_football_season", "text": "1951 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaylord_Family_Oklahoma_Memorial_Stadium", "text": "Oklahoma Memorial Stadium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference", "text": "Big Seven Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud_Wilkinson", "text": "Bud Wilkinson", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Roster", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "QB Eddie Crowder, Jr.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Crowder", "text": "Eddie Crowder", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "G J. D. Roberts, So.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Roberts", "text": "J. D. Roberts", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HB Billy Vessels, Jr.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Vessels", "text": "Billy Vessels", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "T Jim Weatherall, Sr.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Weatherall", "text": "Jim Weatherall", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "E Carl Allison, Fr.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Allison", "text": "Carl Allison", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Postseason", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "NFL Draft", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1957 season was the Chicago Bears ' 38th in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 9–2–1 record from 1956 and finished with a 5–7 record under second-year head coach Paddy Driscoll, one year after making the championship game. The 47–7 loss in that game, coupled with a 5–7 season, compelled owner George Halas to reassign Driscoll in February and return as head coach in 1958.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_NFL_season", "text": "1957 season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bears", "text": "Chicago Bears", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League", "text": "National Football League", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_Driscoll", "text": "Paddy Driscoll", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_NFL_Championship_Game", "text": "championship game", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Halas", "text": "George Halas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Chicago_Bears_season", "text": "1958", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Saturday night (October 5)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Standings", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Roster", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Season summary", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Week 1 at Packers", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "at New City Stadium, Green Bay, Wisconsin", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeau_Field", "text": "New City Stadium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin", "text": "Green Bay, Wisconsin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Date: September 29", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Game attendance: 32,132", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Box Score", "links": [ { "url": "https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/195709290gnb.htm", "text": "Box Score", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox NFL season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1957 Chicago Bears season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Owner", "value": "George Halas", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "General manager", "value": "George Halas", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Halas", "text": "George Halas", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Head coach", "value": "Paddy Driscoll", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_Driscoll", "text": "Paddy Driscoll", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Home field", "value": "Wrigley Field", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrigley_Field", "text": "Wrigley Field", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Record", "value": "5–7", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Division place", "value": "5th NFL Western", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Division_(NFL)", "text": "NFL Western", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Playoff finish", "value": "Did not qualify", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1928 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State Teachers College during the 1928 NCAA football season.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_State_University", "text": "San Diego State Teachers College", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_college_football_season", "text": "1928 NCAA football season", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "San Diego State competed in the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC). The 1928 San Diego State team was led by head coach Charles E. Peterson in his eighth season as football coach of the Aztecs. They played three home games at Balboa Stadium and one at a field on the school campus. The Aztecs finished the season with three wins and three losses (3–3, 2–3 SCIAC). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 111–105 points for the season.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference", "text": "Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Peterson_(coach)", "text": "Charles E. Peterson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balboa_Stadium", "text": "Balboa Stadium", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule", "has_parts": null } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox college sports team season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1928 San Diego State Aztecs football", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Conference", "value": "Southern California Conference", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference", "text": "Southern California Conference", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Record", "value": "3–3 (2–3 SCC)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Head coach", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - Charles E. Peterson (8th season)\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Home stadium", "value": "Balboa Stadium College Field", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balboa_Stadium", "text": "Balboa Stadium", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1938 Washburn Ichabods football team represented Washburn University during the 1938 college football season. Washburn played their home games at the Moore Bowl in Topeka, Kansas. In their third year under head coach Elmer Holm, the Ichabods compiled a 6–3 record and were 2–0 in the Missouri Valley Conference.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washburn_University", "text": "Washburn University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_college_football_season", "text": "1938 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yager_Stadium_at_Moore_Bowl", "text": "Moore Bowl", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas", "text": "Topeka, Kansas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer_Holm", "text": "Elmer Holm", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Conference", "text": "Missouri Valley Conference", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule", "has_parts": null } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox college sports team season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1938 Washburn Ichabods football", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Conference", "value": "Missouri Valley Conference", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Conference", "text": "Missouri Valley Conference", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Record", "value": "6–3 (2–0 MVC)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Head coach", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - Elmer Holm (3rd season)\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Home stadium", "value": "Moore Bowl", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yager_Stadium_at_Moore_Bowl", "text": "Moore Bowl", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1935 CCNY Beavers football team was an American football team that represented the City College of New York (CCNY) as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In their second season under head coach Benny Friedman, the team compiled a 4–3 record.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football", "text": "American football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York", "text": "City College of New York", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_college_football_season", "text": "1935 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Friedman", "text": "Benny Friedman", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1949 followed the rules in place since 1947, which had governed two successful elections of recent players. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from players retired less than 25 years, with provision for a runoff in case of no winner. This year the runoff was necessary to elect one person, Charlie Gehringer. Meanwhile, the Old-Timers Committee, which met on no schedule and not since 1946, responded again to the continuing calls for election of more of the game's earlier stars. It selected Mordecai Brown and Kid Nichols.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame", "text": "Baseball Hall of Fame", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_Writers'_Association_of_America", "text": "Baseball Writers' Association of America", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Gehringer", "text": "Charlie Gehringer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting,_1946#Old-Timers_Committee", "text": "Old-Timers Committee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Brown", "text": "Mordecai Brown", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Nichols", "text": "Kid Nichols", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "An induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on June 13, 1949, for inductees of both 1948 and 1949. Of the five total inductees, Kid Nichols and Pie Traynor attended, while Charlie Gehringer was unable to attend. Mordecai Brown and Herb Pennock had both died in 1948. Dignitaries present included National League president Ford Frick, Hall of Fame founder Stephen Carlton Clark, Hall of Fame president Bob Quinn, and Brooklyn Dodgers president Branch Rickey.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperstown,_New_York", "text": "Cooperstown, New York", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_Traynor", "text": "Pie Traynor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Pennock", "text": "Herb Pennock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_League_(baseball)", "text": "National League", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Frick", "text": "Ford Frick", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Carlton_Clark", "text": "Stephen Carlton Clark", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Quinn_(baseball,_born_1870)", "text": "Bob Quinn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers", "text": "Brooklyn Dodgers", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_Rickey", "text": "Branch Rickey", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "BBWAA election", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Initial ballot", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 10-year members of the BBWAA had the authority to select any players active in 1924 or later, provided they had not been active in 1948. Voters were instructed to cast votes for 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. If no candidate received votes on 75% of the ballots, the top 20 candidates would advance to a runoff election.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "A total of 153 ballots were cast, with 1,409 individual votes for 98 specific candidates, an average of 9.21 per ballot; 115 votes were required for election. The results were announced in February 1949. For the first time in three elections following the most recent format change, no candidate received 75% of the vote, and a runoff was necessary.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "As had been true the previous year, a large number of players received votes, though few players were named who had not appeared in the 1948 vote apart from the newly eligible 1947 retirees (prominently, Mel Ott and Hank Greenberg); every still-eligible player who received more than 2 votes in 1948 was again named. 66 of those named received votes on less than 5% of the ballots, with 28 receiving only a single vote; every candidate had been eligible at some point in the past – for some, the 1936 election in which active players were eligible.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Ott", "text": "Mel Ott", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Greenberg", "text": "Hank Greenberg", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Greenberg's eligibility was questioned by some voters, as he had been listed on the Cleveland Indians' active roster for part of the 1948 season as a precautionary move against injuries to other players. However, he was removed from the active roster once it became clear that his position as an Indians executive precluded any playing role, and he did not appear in any games; nonetheless, some voters maintained that his inclusion on the roster made him an active player and thus ineligible for election in 1949.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Once again, the focus was now on the most recent players; those who had retired before 1932 receded even further in the voting. Only 2 of the top 22 candidates, and none of the top 15, had retired before 1932; 12 of the 20 players reaching the runoff had been active in 1941 or later. Of the 98 players named, only 24 retired before 1930; they received only 9% of the vote. Three players who had retired before 1924 (none earlier than 1921) and were officially ineligible nevertheless received a single vote each; this was a notable reduction from the previous year's total of 23 votes for such now-ineligible candidates. Votes for those best known as managers again appeared, though only for those who were eligible as players and not to the same extent as in 1948, perhaps due to an expectation of more selections from the Old-Timers Committee.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Chief Bender, who was technically eligible due to a single inning pitched in 1925, received only 2 votes – a continued drop from his past prominence on the ballot; as with the previous election, it seems either that most voters were unaware of his eligibility or that they viewed it as irrelevant to the spirit of the rules. There was also some confusion as to the cutoff year for eligibility; some writers believed it to be 1927 or 1928 rather than 1924. Dizzy Dean, whose eligibility in 1948 had been questioned due to a single appearance in a 1947 game, returned to the same level he had attained in the 1947 election. Unlike the 1948 election, no players active in the previous year received votes.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Bender", "text": "Chief Bender", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizzy_Dean", "text": "Dizzy Dean", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The top 20 candidates, who had each received 20 or more votes, advanced to the runoff election; candidates who have since been selected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics:", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Runoff election", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "From the 20 final candidates listed on the ballot, voters were instructed to cast votes for five; they were aware of the totals from the first election. Any candidates receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be elected and honored with induction to the Hall. A total of 187 ballots were cast, with 920 individual votes for the 20 candidates, an average of 4.92 per ballot; 141 votes were required for election. The results were announced on May 5; exactly one player reached the threshold of 75% and was therefore elected.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The more recent players once again figured more prominently in the voting, with the top 6 candidates retired less than 7 years. There was much criticism from those who disliked the runoff process, believing it amounted to two virtually identical elections in a row; with the candidates finishing in roughly the same order both times, many voters felt they were essentially being encouraged to vote for the top candidates from the first ballot in order to ensure at least one selection (in fact, vote totals decreased for every candidate save Gehringer and Ott, the top two vote-getters in the initial round). As a result, the rules were again revised by the Hall of Fame Committee, and the runoff procedure was eliminated after 1949; it would not be reinstated until after the 1960 election.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The induction ceremonies were held in Cooperstown on June 13, with Brooklyn Dodgers president Branch Rickey officiating. The two 1948 selectees being formally inducted as well; Pie Traynor was present. Charlie Gehringer, however, was unable to attend, as he was in California preparing for his wedding on June 18.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_Rickey", "text": "Branch Rickey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_Traynor", "text": "Pie Traynor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Gehringer", "text": "Charlie Gehringer", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The sole candidate who received at least 75% of the vote and was elected is indicated in bold italics; all the remaining candidates have since been selected in subsequent elections, with 16 of the 20 chosen by 1956, and the last (Tony Lazzeri) in 1991:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Lazzeri", "text": "Tony Lazzeri", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Old-Timers Committee", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "After not having voted on new inductees since 1946, the committee still did not meet formally to consider candidates; instead, the members cast ballots by mail on candidates from the pre-1924 era. This minor action temporarily decreased criticism that earlier players were being overlooked, but it would be the only attempt between 1946 and 1953 to elect players from this period, and there was no attempt to review managers and other non-playing candidates.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting,_1946#Old-Timers_Committee", "text": "members", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On May 9, it was announced that two pitchers had been selected:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mordecai \"Three Finger\" Brown, whose career extended from 1903 to 1916, ending with 239 victories and a 2.06 ERA; he had been the main pitching star on the Chicago Cubs teams which dominated the National League between 1906 and 1910, with Brown winning 20 or more games each season as the club won four pennants. His shutout in Game 5 of the 1907 World Series clinched the championship for the Cubs. In 25 career matchups against Christy Mathewson, Brown won 13 times, with Mathewson winning 11. His partial loss of two fingers in a childhood farm accident had led to his pitches having an atypical motion.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Brown", "text": "Mordecai \"Three Finger\" Brown", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Cubs", "text": "Chicago Cubs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christy_Mathewson", "text": "Christy Mathewson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Charles \"Kid\" Nichols, who won 360 games between 1890 and 1906, primarily with the 5-time champion Boston Beaneaters; at age 30, he became the youngest man ever to win 300 games, and he retired with the 3rd-most wins of any pitcher. He won over 20 games every year in the 1890s, and won 30 or more a record 7 times. An incredibly strong-armed pitcher despite his small size (5'9\", 170 pounds (77 kg)), he regularly pitched over 400 innings per year, and completed all but 30 of his 561 career starts – never being replaced by a relief pitcher.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Nichols", "text": "Charles \"Kid\" Nichols", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Beaneaters", "text": "Boston Beaneaters", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Nichols was still living, but Brown had died the previous year. They were formally inducted on June 13 along with Charlie Gehringer and the 1948 selections, Pie Traynor and the late Herb Pennock; Nichols and Traynor were in attendance.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Pennock", "text": "Herb Pennock", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The selection of these two pitchers from the period between 1890 and 1916 was roundly applauded, but it was noted that stars of the earlier era had been ignored once again, as well as position players from the same period.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox Baseball Hall of Fame ballot", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1949 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "New inductees", "value": "3", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "via BBWAA", "value": "1", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "via Old Timers Committee", "value": "2", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Total inductees", "value": "58", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Induction date", "value": "June 13, 1949", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1925 LSU Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Louisiana State University (LSU) as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1925 college football season. In its third season under head coach Mike Donahue, LSU compiled a 5–3–1 record (0–2–1 against conference opponents). LSU's first official homecoming game occurred in 1925.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football", "text": "American football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_State_University", "text": "Louisiana State University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Conference", "text": "Southern Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_college_football_season", "text": "1925 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Donahue", "text": "Mike Donahue", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox college sports team season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1925 LSU Tigers football", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Conference", "value": "Southern Conference", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Conference", "text": "Southern Conference", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Record", "value": "5–3–1 (0–2–1 SoCon)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Head coach", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - Mike Donahue (3rd season)\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Captain", "value": "Jonathan E. Steele", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Home stadium", "value": "Tiger Stadium", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_Stadium_(Louisiana)", "text": "Tiger Stadium", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In geometry, a 10- simplex is a self-dual regular 10-polytope. It has 11 vertices, 55 edges, 165 triangle faces, 330 tetrahedral cells, 462 5-cell 4-faces, 462 5-simplex 5-faces, 330 6-simplex 6-faces, 165 7-simplex 7-faces, 55 8-simplex 8-faces, and 11 9-simplex 9-faces. Its dihedral angle is cos (1/10), or approximately 84.26°.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry", "text": "geometry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplex", "text": "simplex", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_polytope", "text": "regular", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-polytope", "text": "10-polytope", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_(geometry)", "text": "vertices", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_(geometry)", "text": "edges", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_(geometry)", "text": "faces", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(mathematics)", "text": "cells", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-cell", "text": "5-cell", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-simplex", "text": "5-simplex", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-simplex", "text": "6-simplex", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-simplex", "text": "7-simplex", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-simplex", "text": "8-simplex", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-simplex", "text": "9-simplex", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihedral_angle", "text": "dihedral angle", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "It can also be called a hendecaxennon, or hendeca-10-tope, as an 11- facetted polytope in 10-dimensions. The name hendecaxennon is derived from hendeca for 11 facets in Greek and -xenn (variation of ennea for nine), having 9-dimensional facets, and -on.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facet_(geometry)", "text": "facetted", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-polytope#A_note_on_generality_of_terms_for_n-polytopes_and_elements", "text": "name", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facet_(mathematics)", "text": "facets", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language", "text": "Greek", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenna", "text": "-xenn", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Coordinates", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Cartesian coordinates of the vertices of an origin-centered regular 10-simplex having edge length 2 are:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate", "text": "Cartesian coordinates", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "More simply, the vertices of the 10-simplex can be positioned in 11-space as permutations of (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1). This construction is based on facets of the 11-orthoplex.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facet_(geometry)", "text": "facets", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-orthoplex", "text": "11-orthoplex", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Related polytopes", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 2-skeleton of the 10-simplex is topologically related to the 11-cell abstract regular polychoron which has the same 11 vertices, 55 edges, but only 1/3 the faces (55).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-skeleton", "text": "2-skeleton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-cell", "text": "11-cell", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_polytope", "text": "abstract regular polychoron", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1967–68 Houston Mavericks season was the first season of the Mavericks in the American Basketball Association. On February 2, 1967, Houston was awarded a franchise for $30,000 with William Whitmore, Charles Frazier and Cloyce Box being the buyers. Later that year, T.S. Morrow and Bud Adams, owner of a Houston-based oil company and the AFL's Houston Oilers bought Box's interest in the team. Morrow would be majority owner while Adams was a minority owner. The team had less than stellar attendance, with 3,091 attending the first ever game versus the Chaparrals on October 23, 1967 (losing 100–83). The lowest attended game was held on February 5, 1968, when only 575 people attended. The highest attended game was on February 29, 1968, with 4,965 attendance. Despite all of this, the Mavericks spiraled into the playoffs, in part due to 8 of the 11 teams in the new league being guaranteed a spot into the Playoffs, with Houston getting the final spot by 4 games. In the Semifinals, they were swept by the Dallas Chaparrals in 3 games. This was their only playoff appearance in their two-year history.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967–68_ABA_season", "text": "1967–68", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Mavericks", "text": "Houston Mavericks", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Basketball_Association", "text": "American Basketball Association", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Chaparrals", "text": "Dallas Chaparrals", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Roster", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "34 Art Becker - Power forward", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Becker", "text": "Art Becker", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "24 Wilbert Frazier - Power forward", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbert_Frazier", "text": "Wilbert Frazier", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "20 Hal Hale - Point guard", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Hale", "text": "Hal Hale", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22 Joe Hamood - Shooting guard", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Hamood", "text": "Joe Hamood", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "44 Darrell Hardy - Forward", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrell_Hardy", "text": "Darrell Hardy", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "35 Leary Lentz - Small forward", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leary_Lentz", "text": "Leary Lentz", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "31 Guy Manning - Small forward", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Manning_(basketball)", "text": "Guy Manning", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "14 DeWitt Menyard - Center", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Menyard", "text": "DeWitt Menyard", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "44 Wayne Molis - Center", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Molis", "text": "Wayne Molis", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "21 Jerry Pettway - Shooting guard", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Pettway", "text": "Jerry Pettway", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "15 Bob Riedy - Power forward", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Riedy", "text": "Bob Riedy", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "25 Roger Schurig - Point guard", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Schurig", "text": "Roger Schurig", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "12 Willie Somerset - Point guard", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Somerset", "text": "Willie Somerset", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "-- Gary Turner - Forward", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Turner_(basketball)", "text": "Gary Turner", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Final standings", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Playoffs", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Western Division Semifinals", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Mavericks lose series 3–0", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Awards and honors", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1968 ABA All-Star Game selections (game played on January 9, 1968)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_ABA_All-Star_Game", "text": "1968 ABA All-Star Game", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Art Becker", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Becker", "text": "Art Becker", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "DeWitt Menyard", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Menyard", "text": "DeWitt Menyard", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "(Almost) straight outta Compton is part of a headline from a 2016 article written by Ruth Styles and published by the MailOnline, the website of the British tabloid newspaper the Daily Mail. The headline has been criticised and described as being an example of racist press commentary towards the American former actress Meghan Markle, prior to marrying the British Prince Harry.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MailOnline", "text": "MailOnline", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_journalism", "text": "tabloid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail", "text": "Daily Mail", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex", "text": "Meghan Markle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex", "text": "Prince Harry", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Origin", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The November 2016 MailOnline article is about the inferred family background of American actress Meghan Markle (born 1981) and her upbringing in the Los Angeles district of Crenshaw with her mother, Doria Ragland. It was published after Markle began dating Prince Harry. The full headline is: \"Harry's girl is (almost) straight outta Compton: Gang-scarred home of her mother revealed—so will he be dropping by for tea?\". It was also published on 2 November 2016 in a byline given to Ruth Styles \"in Los Angeles for Dailymail.com\". Crenshaw is portrayed in the article as having a high crime rate with the first paragraph stating that \"Plagued by crime and riddled with street gangs, the troubled Los Angeles neighborhood that Doria Ragland, 60, calls home couldn't be more different to London's leafy Kensington. But social worker Ragland might now find herself welcoming a royal guest to downtrodden Crenshaw after Prince Harry was revealed to be dating her daughter— Suits actress Meghan Markle\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles", "text": "Los Angeles", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crenshaw,_Los_Angeles", "text": "Crenshaw", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doria_Ragland", "text": "Doria Ragland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Harry", "text": "Prince Harry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byline", "text": "byline", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensington", "text": "Kensington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suits_(American_TV_series)", "text": "Suits", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The headline references the 1988 song \" Straight Outta Compton \", the debut record by the American gangsta rap hip hop group N.W.A. The city of Compton in southern Los Angeles County, California, was historically associated with gang violence. Compton is located 14 miles from Crenshaw, the area profiled in the article. A separate article by the British tabloid the Daily Star had a headline querying whether Harry would \"marry into gangster royalty?\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_Outta_Compton_(song)", "text": "Straight Outta Compton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsta_rap", "text": "gangsta rap", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_music", "text": "hip hop", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.W.A", "text": "N.W.A", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton,_California", "text": "Compton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California", "text": "Los Angeles County, California", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_violence", "text": "gang violence", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Star_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "Daily Star", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Markle grew up in the 1980s and 1990s. She became engaged to Prince Harry in 2017. Upon their marriage in 2018, she became the Duchess of Sussex. Their son, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor, was born in 2019. The following year, the couple stepped down as senior members of the royal family, moving to Canada and then to the Duchess's native Southern California.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Harry_and_Meghan_Markle", "text": "marriage", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Sussex#Second_creation,_2018", "text": "Duchess of Sussex", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_Mountbatten-Windsor", "text": "Archie Mountbatten-Windsor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megxit", "text": "stepped down", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Family_of_the_United_Kingdom", "text": "royal family", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada", "text": "Canada", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California", "text": "Southern California", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In reaction to the March 2021 Oprah with Meghan and Harry television interview with Oprah Winfrey, Finlay Greig wrote in the Edinburgh Evening News that the headline insinuates that Meghan comes from a \"life of crime\", despite being brought up in a middle class area, which had suffered significant damage from both the 1992 Los Angeles riots and the 1994 Northridge earthquake, but was able to rebound in the late 2000s with the help of redevelopment and gentrification. The 2016 \"(Almost) Straight Outta Compton\" article also captioned a picture: \"Prince Harry's new girl, Meghan Markle, grew up in this house in Crenshaw, Los Angeles, a troubled area that had 47 crimes in the past week—including murder.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_with_Meghan_and_Harry", "text": "Oprah with Meghan and Harry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey", "text": "Oprah Winfrey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Evening_News", "text": "Edinburgh Evening News", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_class_in_the_United_States", "text": "middle class", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots", "text": "1992 Los Angeles riots", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Northridge_earthquake", "text": "1994 Northridge earthquake", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redevelopment", "text": "redevelopment", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentrification", "text": "gentrification", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Reaction", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The tone of this and other articles prompted Prince Harry's Communications Secretary to issue a statement that deplored the \"racist\" and \"sexist\" commentary and coverage received by Meghan. The statement described Meghan as having been \"...subject to a wave of abuse and harassment. Some of this has been very public—the smear on the front page of a national newspaper; the racial undertones of comment pieces; and the outright sexism and racism of social media trolls and web article comments\". The statement described Harry as worried about Meghan's safety and concluded that he had asked for the statement \"to be issued in the hopes that those in the press who have been driving this story can pause and reflect before any further damage is done\".", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Los Angeles Times clarified that the area \"described by the British press as Crenshaw\" was, in reality, the \"more upscale\" area of Baldwin Hills. Writing for BBC News in September 2017, Regan Morris wrote that \"When one newspaper dubbed Markle '(Almost) Straight Outta Compton' last year, there was an outcry\" and that \"If you read the British tabloid press you would think the actress grew up in LA's notorious gang culture and was lucky to escape a life of crime\". In a January 2020 opinion piece for The New York Times, published in the wake of 'Megxit', the writer and broadcaster Afua Hirsch wrote that \"From the very first headline about her being '(almost) straight outta Compton' and having 'exotic' DNA, the racist treatment of Meghan has been impossible to ignore\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times", "text": "Los Angeles Times", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_Hills,_Los_Angeles", "text": "Baldwin Hills", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News", "text": "BBC News", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_piece", "text": "opinion piece", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times", "text": "The New York Times", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afua_Hirsch", "text": "Afua Hirsch", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The headline was highlighted in the reaction to Meghan and Harry's interview with Oprah Winfrey in March 2021. Hanna Ziady wrote for CNN that \"The first round of headlines back in 2016 played on harmful stereotypes and helped set the tone for how parts of the UK media, and especially its tabloid newspapers, would treat this newcomer to the royal family who stood out in one very obvious way: her race\". Activist and lawyer Shola Mos-Shogbamimu wrote for The Guardian that she \" believe that we are still having this debate about whether the way that Meghan has been treated is racist. It is misogynoir, pure and simple. Look at the media coverage of her. The Daily Mail said that she was \"(almost) straight outta Compton\"....That tells you what kind of society we live in\". The headline was raised in an interview by Victoria Derbyshire with Ian Murray, the head of the Society of Editors. Derbyshire asked Murray if the headline was bigoted or racist, Murray replied that it was \"disputed\" as to whether the headline was offensive and said that it was \"not acceptable\" to describe sections of the British press as \"bigoted\". Murray described the article as a \" rags to riches \" story.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_with_Meghan_and_Harry", "text": "Meghan and Harry's interview with Oprah Winfrey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN", "text": "CNN", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shola_Mos-Shogbamimu", "text": "Shola Mos-Shogbamimu", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian", "text": "The Guardian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Derbyshire", "text": "Victoria Derbyshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Editors", "text": "Society of Editors", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rags_to_riches", "text": "rags to riches", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Murray has since stepped down from the Society of Editors after releasing a statement headlined: \"UK media not bigoted: SoE responds to Sussexes' claims of racism\", denying racism and bigotry in the UK press. The statement received an immediate backlash in the form of an open letter signed by over 250 \"journalists of colour from the Guardian, Metro, the New York Times, the BBC and others\", calling the initial statement \"laughable\" proof of \"an institution and an industry in denial\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian", "text": "Guardian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)", "text": "Metro", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times", "text": "New York Times", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC", "text": "BBC", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1922–23 FA Cup was the 48th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; the Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 12 victorious teams from the sixth round qualifying progressed to the first round proper.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922–23_FA_Cup", "text": "1922–23 FA Cup", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FA_Cup", "text": "FA Cup", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Extra preliminary round", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Preliminary round", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "1st qualifying round", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "2nd qualifying round", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "3rd qualifying round", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "1922–23 FA Cup", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "See 1922–23 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the first round proper onwards.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922–23_FA_Cup", "text": "1922–23 FA Cup", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Penn State Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies is a special mission graduate school of Penn State University located in Malvern, Pennsylvania. Academic offerings include master's programs in engineering, information science, business, data analytics, finance, accounting, and software engineering. Continuing professional education courses and customized corporate training are also offered.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_school", "text": "graduate school", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_State_University", "text": "Penn State University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvern,_Pennsylvania", "text": "Malvern, Pennsylvania", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Penn State Great Valley, founded in 1963 to provide graduate engineering programs to employees of local businesses, was housed in a rented school building in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania and was known as the King of Prussia Graduate Center. In 1974, the center began offering courses off-site at area businesses. In 1978, the center moved to an old elementary school building in Radnor, Pennsylvania. In 1982 the center moved back to King of Prussia and became the King of Prussia Center for Graduate Studies and Continuing Education.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Prussia,_Pennsylvania", "text": "King of Prussia, Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radnor,_Pennsylvania", "text": "Radnor, Pennsylvania", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 1987, the university acquired 8.5 acres (34,000 m) within the Great Valley Corporate Center in Malvern, Pennsylvania. A new facility was built on the site earning the distinction of being the first permanent campus in the country located within a corporate park. The campus moved to the new location in 1988, introduced a graduate management program, and changed its name to Penn State Great Valley. In 1998, the Board of Trustees approved the Great Valley campus as a distinct School of Graduate Professional Studies. Due to its expanding programs, the Safeguard Scientifics Building was built next to the original facility and opened in 2001 with a 400-seat auditorium and additional classrooms.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Valley_Corporate_Center", "text": "Great Valley Corporate Center", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvern,_Pennsylvania", "text": "Malvern, Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safeguard_Scientifics", "text": "Safeguard Scientifics", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Academics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Penn State Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies houses two academic divisions:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Engineering", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Management", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In addition to its degree programs, continuing professional education courses and certificate programs are offered in areas of business and technology. Continuing professional education courses can be customized and delivered to companies and organizations at the Penn State Great Valley campus or at their location.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1780s BC was a decade lasting from January 1, 1789 BC to December 31, 1780 BC.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events and trends", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "c. 1780 BC - The last known population of woolly mammoths on Wrangel Island died out, possibly due to a combination of climate change and hunting.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolly_mammoth", "text": "woolly mammoths", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrangel_Island", "text": "Wrangel Island", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1787-1784 BC: The Amorite civilization conquers Uruk and Isin.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorites", "text": "Amorite civilization", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruk", "text": "Uruk", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin", "text": "Isin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1786 BC: In Egypt, the Twelfth Dynasty ends, and the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties begin.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt", "text": "Twelfth Dynasty", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt", "text": "Thirteenth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt", "text": "Fourteenth Dynasties", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Significant people", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rim-Sin I, ruler of the Middle Eastern city-state of Larsa since 1822 BC, according to the middle chronology", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rim-Sin_I", "text": "Rim-Sin I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larsa", "text": "Larsa", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sumu-la-El, king of Babylon from around 1817 to 1781 BC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumu-la-El", "text": "Sumu-la-El", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Nur-Adad, king of Larsa from 1801 to 1785 BC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur-Adad", "text": "Nur-Adad", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hammurabi, king of Babylon since 1792 BC, according to the middle chronology", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammurabi", "text": "Hammurabi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia", "text": "Babylon", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Yarim-Lim I, second king of the Amorite kingdom of Yamhad from c. 1780 to 1764 BC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarim-Lim_I", "text": "Yarim-Lim I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamhad", "text": "Yamhad", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The.440 Cor-Bon is a large-caliber handgun cartridge, first produced by Cor-Bon in 1998. Although it looks similar to a.357 SIG, this cartridge was designed after being necked down from an existing cartridge, the.50 AE to accept a.44- caliber (.429 in) (10.89 mm) bullet. This is fairly typical in the wildcat cartridge industry.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge_(weaponry)", "text": "cartridge", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor-Bon", "text": "Cor-Bon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.357_SIG", "text": ".357 SIG", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.50_Action_Express", "text": ".50 AE", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliber", "text": "caliber", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet", "text": "bullet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcat_cartridge", "text": "wildcat cartridge", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The.50 AE was introduced in the Desert Eagle from Magnum Research in 1991. Shortly thereafter, shooters began requesting an alternative to the relatively small selection of factory ammunition, and, for sensitive shooters, the recoil of the.50 AE cartridge, but still with substantially more stopping power than the.44 Magnum.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Eagle", "text": "Desert Eagle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnum_Research", "text": "Magnum Research", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recoil", "text": "recoil", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopping_power", "text": "stopping power", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.44_Magnum", "text": ".44 Magnum", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In designing the.440, Cor-Bon created a lighter recoiling round than the.50 AE with greater penetrating power than the.50 AE and.44 Magnum. The round has a flatter trajectory, and leaves the barrel considerably faster than either the.50 AE or the.44 Mag. However, the cartridge has never been popular, and has remained fairly expensive. Consequentially, Magnum Research no longer produces a Desert Eagle in.440 Cor-Bon, but has introduced a similar cartridge, the.429 DE. The.440 Cor-Bon cartridge will not chamber in a 429 DE barrel, but a 429 DE will chamber in a.440 Cor-Bon barrel.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.429_DE", "text": ".429 DE", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Uses", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The round is generally considered to be for hunting big game, rather than for defensive purposes, for a number of reasons. Its excessive penetration and recoil make it unsuitable for self-defense, it is a physically larger cartridge, commonly chambered in a large pistols such as the Desert Eagle, and it is not particularly practical to carry it concealed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Eagle", "text": "Desert Eagle", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "It is effective at disabling and killing large animals, able to penetrate large bones, such as the shoulder, in deer. Some gunsmiths are chambering lever-action rifles to take full advantage of this cartridge on large game. Tromix also produced AR-15 rifles and uppers chambered in.440 Cor-Bon from 1999–2004. Only about 20 were manufactured before being discontinued.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1940 Princeton Tigers men's soccer team represented Princeton University during the 1940 ISFA season. The Tigers finished with an 8–0–1 record and were considered ISFA co-champions along with Penn State. It was the 72nd season of a soccer club represented by the university playing.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University", "text": "Princeton University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_ISFA_season?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "1940 ISFA season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_men's_soccer", "text": "Penn State", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1949 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University (BYU) as a member of the Skyline Six Conference during the 1949 college football season In their first season under head coach Chick Atkinson, the Cougars compiled an overall record of 0–11 with a mark of 0–5 against confernece opponents, finished last in the Skyline Six, and were outscored by a total of 372 to 105.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football", "text": "American football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigham_Young_University", "text": "Brigham Young University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyline_Conference_(1938–1962)", "text": "Skyline Six Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_college_football_season", "text": "1949 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick_Atkinson", "text": "Chick Atkinson", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Providers is a Danish hip hop, R&B and pop song production team made up of Jeppe Federspiel and Rasmus Stabell.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark", "text": "Danish", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop", "text": "hip hop", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R&B", "text": "R&B", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music", "text": "pop", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Jeppe Federspiel and Rasmus Stabell started as musicians playing drums. Years later, they joined forces to form Providers, an urban production team. They are best known for having produced Medina 's album Velkommen til Medina and the double platinum-selling hit single from the album \" Kun for mig \" (translated as Only for me) that reached the top of the Danish Singles Chart Tracklisten staying for 7 weeks at #1 and selling +60,000 copies totalling 63 weeks in the Danish charts. It was released in its English version as \"You and I\" and was a Top 40 hit in UK Singles Chart and reached #3 in Bulgaria and at #10 in Germany.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina_(singer)", "text": "Medina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velkommen_til_Medina", "text": "Velkommen til Medina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kun_for_mig", "text": "Kun for mig", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracklisten", "text": "Tracklisten", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_and_I_(Medina_song)", "text": "\"You and I\"", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Moreover, Providers have written and produced for a number of well-known artists such as:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Medina", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina_(singer)", "text": "Medina", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Jay Sean", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Sean", "text": "Jay Sean", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Szhirley", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "L.O.C.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.O.C._(rapper)", "text": "L.O.C.", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Outlandish", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlandish", "text": "Outlandish", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ataf Khawaja", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataf_Khawaja", "text": "Ataf Khawaja", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Burhan G", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhan_G", "text": "Burhan G", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rasmus Seebach", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasmus_Seebach", "text": "Rasmus Seebach", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Majid", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majid_(rapper)", "text": "Majid", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Remee", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remee", "text": "Remee", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Terri Bjerre", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terri_Bjerre", "text": "Terri Bjerre", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Boyo", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Charlie Sachs", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Sachs?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Charlie Sachs", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Kenisha Pratt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenisha_Pratt", "text": "Kenisha Pratt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2009, they produced the single \" Natteravn \" (vs. Providers) from Rasmus Seebach's same name album, the second biggest selling album of Denmark in 2009. The single \"Natteravn\" was a hit in Danish charts and reached #6 in Sweden.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natteravn", "text": "Natteravn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasmus_Seebach_(album)", "text": "same name", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Jeppe Federspiel and Rasmus Stabell operate together with Thomas Borresen record company Labelmade, which has artists like Medina and Svenstrup & Vendelboe", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 130th Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantry", "text": "infantry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiment", "text": "regiment", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Army", "text": "Union Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War", "text": "American Civil War", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Service", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 130th Indiana Infantry was organized at Kokomo, Indiana beginning in December 1863 and mustered in March 12, 1864 under the command of Colonel Charles Sherman Parrish.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokomo,_Indiana", "text": "Kokomo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana", "text": "Indiana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)", "text": "Colonel", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio, to June 1864. 4th Brigade, 2nd Division, XXIII Corps, to August 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XXIII Corps, to December 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio, to February 1865, and Department of North Carolina to August 1865. Department of North Carolina to December 1865.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXIII_Corps_(Union_Army)", "text": "XXIII Corps", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Ohio", "text": "Army of the Ohio", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_North_Carolina", "text": "Department of North Carolina", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 130th Indiana Infantry mustered out of service December 2, 1865 at Charlotte, North Carolina.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina", "text": "Charlotte", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina", "text": "North Carolina", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Detailed service", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Left Indiana for Nashville, Tenn., March 16. Marched to Charleston, Tenn., April 5–24, 1864. Atlanta Campaign May 1 to September 8. Demonstrations on Dalton, Ga., May 8–13. Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Movement on Dallas May 18–25. Operations on Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 25 – June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10 – July 2. Lost Mountain June 15–17. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes Creek June 19. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Nickajack Creek July 2–5. Ruff's Mills July 3–4. Chattahoochie River July 5–17. Siege of Atlanta July 22 – August 25. Utoy Creek August 5–7. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25–30. Lovejoy's Station September 2–6. Operations against Hood in northern Georgia and northern Alabama September 29 – November 3. Nashville Campaign November–December. In front of Columbia November 24–27. Centreville November 27. Battle of Franklin November 30. Battle of Nashville December 15–16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17–28. At Clifton, Tenn., until January 15, 1865. Movement to Washington, D.C.; then to Morehead City, N.C., January 15 – February 24. Carolinas Campaign March 1 – April 26. Advance on Kinston and Goldsboro March 1–21. Battle of Wyse Fork March 6–8. Kinston March 14. Occupation of Goldsboro March 21. Advance on Raleigh April 10–14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. Duty at Charlotte, N.C., May 8 to December 2.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Casualties", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The regiment lost a total of 185 men during service; 2 officers and 36 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 146 enlisted men died of disease.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Commanders", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Colonel Charles Sherman Parrish", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Events from the year 1213 in Ireland.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Incumbent", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord: John", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_Ireland", "text": "Lord", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England", "text": "John", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Henry de Loundres (died 1228) became Archbishop of Dublin", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_de_Loundres", "text": "Henry de Loundres", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1228_in_Ireland", "text": "1228", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Dublin", "text": "Archbishop of Dublin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 16th and 25th Consolidated Louisiana Infantry Regiment was a unit of volunteers recruited in Louisiana that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It served only in the Western Theater. The unit was created in November 1862 by combining the veteran 16th Louisiana and 25th Louisiana Infantry Regiments to form the consolidated regiment. The new unit served at Stones River, Jackson, Chickamauga, and Missionary Ridge in 1863. The unit fought at Resaca, New Hope Church, Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesborough, and Nashville in 1864. The consolidation was dissolved in February 1865 and the 16th and 25th Infantry Regiments were re-consolidated with other units", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana", "text": "Louisiana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army", "text": "Confederate States Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War", "text": "American Civil War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War", "text": "Western Theater", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Louisiana_Infantry_Regiment", "text": "16th Louisiana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Louisiana_Infantry_Regiment", "text": "25th Louisiana Infantry Regiments", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River", "text": "Stones River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Expedition", "text": "Jackson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga", "text": "Chickamauga", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Missionary_Ridge", "text": "Missionary Ridge", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Resaca", "text": "Resaca", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_New_Hope_Church", "text": "New Hope Church", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Atlanta", "text": "Atlanta", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ezra_Church", "text": "Ezra Church", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jonesborough", "text": "Jonesborough", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville", "text": "Nashville", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox Military Unit", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "16th and 25th Consolidated Louisiana Infantry Regiment", "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": "The newly-formed regiment suffered crippling losses while attacking at the Battle of Stones River, shown here in a somewhat fanciful print.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_and_25th_Consolidated_Louisiana_Infantry_Regiment#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergeron1989114-1", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Rosecrans_at_Stones_River.jpg/280px-Rosecrans_at_Stones_River.jpg", "width": 280, "height": 280, "alternative_text": null, "caption": "The newly-formed regiment suffered crippling losses while attacking at the Battle of Stones River,[1] shown here in a somewhat fanciful print." } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": "Active", "value": "30 Nov. 1862 – February 1865", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Country", "value": "Confederate States of America", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America", "text": "Confederate States of America", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": "Allegiance", "value": "Louisiana", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana", "text": "Louisiana", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Louisiana_%28February_1861%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Louisiana_%28February_1861%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": "Branch", "value": "Confederate States Army", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army", "text": "Confederate States Army", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America.svg/17px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America.svg.png", "width": 17, "height": 17, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": "Type", "value": "Infantry", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantry", "text": "Infantry", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Size", "value": "Regiment (1,078 men, Nov. 1862)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_and_25th_Consolidated_Louisiana_Infantry_Regiment#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergeron1989114-1", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Part of", "value": "Adams', Gibson's Brigade", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Weisiger_Adams", "text": "Adams'", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_L._Gibson", "text": "Gibson's", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Engagements", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - American Civil War\n - Battle of Stones River (1862–63)\n - Jackson Expedition (1863)\n - Battle of Chickamauga (1863)\n - Battle of Missionary Ridge (1863)\n - Battle of Resaca (1864)\n - Battle of New Hope Church (1864)\n - Battle of Atlanta (1864)\n - Battle of Ezra Church (1864)\n - Battle of Jonesborough (1864)\n - Battle of Nashville (1864)\n", " - Battle of Stones River (1862–63)\n - Jackson Expedition (1863)\n - Battle of Chickamauga (1863)\n - Battle of Missionary Ridge (1863)\n - Battle of Resaca (1864)\n - Battle of New Hope Church (1864)\n - Battle of Atlanta (1864)\n - Battle of Ezra Church (1864)\n - Battle of Jonesborough (1864)\n - Battle of Nashville (1864)\n" ], "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Commanders", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Notable commanders", "value": "Stuart W. Fisk", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Free Officers Movement (Arabic: حركة الضباط الأحرار) was a group of Arab nationalist and Nasserist officers in the Libyan Army that planned and carried out the 1969 Libyan coup d'état, which overthrew the Senussi monarchy of King Idris I, ending the Libyan monarchy. It was led by a twelve-member cabinet known as the Revolutionary Command Council, whose chairman was Muammar Gaddafi, which came to govern the Libyan Arab Republic.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language", "text": "Arabic", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_nationalism", "text": "Arab nationalist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasserism", "text": "Nasserist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Army_(1951–2011)", "text": "Libyan Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Libyan_coup_d'état", "text": "1969 Libyan coup d'état", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya", "text": "Senussi monarchy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris_of_Libya", "text": "King Idris I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya", "text": "Libyan monarchy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Revolutionary_Command_Council", "text": "Revolutionary Command Council", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi", "text": "Muammar Gaddafi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Republic", "text": "Libyan Arab Republic", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Since Libyan independence, King Idris's rule was unpopular due to the widespread corruption of his government, regional favoritism, and perceived preference of foreign interests over those of Libyans. The kingdom made little effort in attempting to unite the country and poorly managed Libya's internal affairs. The discovery of significant oil reserves in 1959 and subsequent income from petroleum sales caused the poor nation of Libya to establish a wealthy state, however the nation's wealth was increasingly concentrated in the hands of King Idris and the elite. This led to many Libyans supporting Muammar Gaddafi's coup.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Gaddafi established the Free Officers Movement at the Libyan Royal Military Academy in Benghazi in 1964, a revolutionary group which met secretly. After the Arab defeat in the Six-Day War in 1967, the Free Officers were convinced that the monarchy had to be replaced. They became one of the several groups plotting against the monarchy, succeeding in 1969.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi_Military_University_Academy", "text": "Libyan Royal Military Academy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War", "text": "Six-Day War", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "By 1969, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was expecting parts of the Libyan Armed Forces to launch a coup. Although they claimed that they knew of Gaddafi's Free Officers Movement, they have since ignored it, stating that they were instead monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi 's Black Boots revolutionary group.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency", "text": "Central Intelligence Agency", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_Shalhi?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Abdul Aziz Shalhi", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Coup d'état", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to Turkey and Greece during widespread rumors of a coup by the Shalhi brothers on 5 September. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy before the Shalhi brothers, initiating \"Operation Jerusalem\".", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On 1 September 1969, a group of about 70 young army officers from the Free Officers Movement and enlisted men mostly assigned to the Signal Corps upsurped the government and abolished the Kingdom of Libya. The coup started in Benghazi and was completed in two hours. Army units quickly reassembled in support of the coup and established military control over Tripoli and in other places across the country within a few days.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_communications", "text": "Signal Corps", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya", "text": "Kingdom of Libya", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi", "text": "Benghazi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya", "text": "Tripoli", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Free Officers occupied airports, police depots, radio stations, and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi captured the Barqa barracks in Benghazi, Umar Muhayshi took over Tripoli barracks and Jalloud seized the city's anti-aircraft batteries. Khweldi Hameidi captured the Tripoli radio station and was sent to arrest crown prince Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi and force him to give up his claim to the throne. The coup was popular among the civilian population, especially younger people. There was no resistance in Cyrenaica and Fezzan and no deaths or injuries were reported.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Muhayshi", "text": "Umar Muhayshi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khweldi_Hameidi", "text": "Khweldi Hameidi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_as-Senussi", "text": "Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrenaica", "text": "Cyrenaica", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fezzan", "text": "Fezzan", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Free Officers Movement was headed by a twelve-member cabinet that called itself the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). This body formed the government after the coup d'état. In its proclamation on 1 September, the Revolutionary Command Council declared the country to be an independent and sovereign state with the name of the Libyan Arab Republic, which would continue \"in the path of freedom, unity, and social justice, guaranteeing the right of equality to its citizens, and opening before them the doors of honourable work.\" They characterised the rule of the Turks and Italians and the \"reactionary\" government which were overthrown as belonging to \"dark ages\", from which Libyans were called to move forward as \"free brothers\" to a new age of prosperity, equality, and honour.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Revolutionary_Command_Council", "text": "Revolutionary Command Council", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state", "text": "sovereign state", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Republic", "text": "Libyan Arab Republic", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Ideology", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Free Officers were republicans and were hostile to the monarchy and King Idris because of their social marginalization to many lower and middle-class Libyans. They strongly rejected the policies and principles of King Idris for his corruption and close links with Western nations. After the Six-Day War in 1967, the Free Officers demanded \"total political and economic independence from any kind of foreign (non-Arab) influence, direction, control or constraint. They introduced policies that called for social justice, self-determination, Arab nationalism and anti-imperialism. They strongly supported Pan-Arabism and support for Arabs everywhere, as well as Arab socialism. They were also in support of Islamist values and Shari'a.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism", "text": "republicans", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_exclusion", "text": "social marginalization", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world", "text": "Western nations", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War", "text": "Six-Day War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice", "text": "social justice", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination", "text": "self-determination", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_nationalism", "text": "Arab nationalism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-imperialism", "text": "anti-imperialism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arabism", "text": "Pan-Arabism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs", "text": "Arabs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_socialism", "text": "Arab socialism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia", "text": "Shari'a", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Composition", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Free Officers Movement was composed of lower and middle-class Libyans from less prominent tribes who were not affiliated with the Senussi family or other powerful families of Cyrenaica. All but one of them studied at the military academy and did not go to university. The formation of the Free Officers Movement was taken from Gamal Abdel Nasser 's example of the Egyptian Free Officers.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senusiyya", "text": "Senussi family", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrenaica", "text": "Cyrenaica", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser", "text": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Officers_Movement_(Egypt)", "text": "Egyptian Free Officers", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Membership", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Major officers of the movement include:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Muammar Gaddafi", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi", "text": "Muammar Gaddafi", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abdessalam Jalloud", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdessalam_Jalloud", "text": "Abdessalam Jalloud", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Umar Muhayshi", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Muhayshi", "text": "Umar Muhayshi", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Khweldi Hameidi", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khweldi_Hameidi", "text": "Khweldi Hameidi", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bashir Saghir Hawadi", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashir_Saghir_Hawadi", "text": "Bashir Saghir Hawadi", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu-Bakr_Yunis_Jabr", "text": "Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mustafa Kharoubi", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kharoubi", "text": "Mustafa Kharoubi", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abdel Moneim al-Houni", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_al-Houni", "text": "Abdel Moneim al-Houni", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mohammed Najm", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Najm", "text": "Mohammed Najm", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abdul Fatah Younis", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Fatah_Younis", "text": "Abdul Fatah Younis", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Khalifa Haftar", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar", "text": "Khalifa Haftar", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Omar El-Hariri", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_El-Hariri", "text": "Omar El-Hariri", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Awad Ali Hamza", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mukhtar Abdullah al-Qarawi", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sayyid Gaddaf al-Dam", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid_Gaddaf_al-Dam", "text": "Sayyid Gaddaf al-Dam", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mohammed Abu Bakr Al-Magariaf", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1937 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent during the 1937 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Gil Dobie, the Eagles compiled a record of 4–4–1. Boston College played home games at Alumni Field in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, and Fenway Park in Boston.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_College", "text": "Boston College", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937_college_football_season", "text": "1937 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Dobie", "text": "Gil Dobie", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut_Hill,_Massachusetts", "text": "Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenway_Park", "text": "Fenway Park", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston", "text": "Boston", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "A constitutional referendum was held in Uruguay on 25 November 1917. Amongst the changes to the system of government, the new constitution would create a National Council of Administration (known as the colegiado) alongside the presidency. The National Council of Administration would have nine members; six from the winning party and three from the runner-up party. The proposals were approved by 95% of voters. The result was confirmed by the Senate on 18 December, and the new constitution came into force on 1 March 1919.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay", "text": "Uruguay", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Uruguay_of_1918", "text": "new constitution", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_of_Administration", "text": "National Council of Administration", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_Uruguay", "text": "Senate", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The colegiado system had been first proposed by President José Batlle y Ordóñez in 1913, with the aim of creating an executive body similar to the Swiss Federal Council. Batlle had been opposed to the presidential system, believing that a collegiate body would lower the risk of a dictatorship emerging. Although the proposal was defeated in 1916, Batlle negotiated a compromise with the National Party to include the system in a new constitution.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Batlle_y_Ordóñez", "text": "José Batlle y Ordóñez", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)", "text": "Swiss Federal Council", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Party_(Uruguay)", "text": "National Party", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "New constitution", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "As well as introducing the colegiado system, the new constitution determined that presidents could only serve a single term in office. It provided for a bicameral General Assembly with a term of four years, and introduced universal male suffrage. It also provided for the separation of church and state and allowed for constitutional amendments to be made with a two-thirds majority in both chambers of the General Assembly.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay", "text": "General Assembly", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Events from the year 1780 in the United States.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Incumbents", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "President of the Second Continental Congress: Samuel Huntington", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress", "text": "President", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress", "text": "Second Continental Congress", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)", "text": "Samuel Huntington", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "January–March", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a Spanish fleet.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1780)", "text": "Battle of Cape St. Vincent", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Brydges_Rodney,_1st_Baron_Rodney", "text": "Admiral Sir George Rodney", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 3 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Young's House", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Young's_House", "text": "Battle of Young's House", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 1 – Pennsylvania is the first American state to abolish slavery.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania", "text": "Pennsylvania", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 29–May 12 – American Revolutionary War: Siege of Charleston", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Charleston", "text": "Siege of Charleston", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "April–June", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 14 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Monck's Corner", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Monck's_Corner", "text": "Battle of Monck's Corner", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 6 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Lenud's Ferry", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lenud's_Ferry", "text": "Battle of Lenud's Ferry", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 12 – American Revolutionary War: Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina", "text": "Charleston, South Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain", "text": "British", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 13 – Cumberland Compact signed by American settlers in the Cumberland Valley of Tennessee.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_Compact", "text": "Cumberland Compact", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 19 – New England's Dark Day: An unaccountable darkness spreads over New England, regarded by some observers as a fulfillment of Bible prophecy.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England's_Dark_Day", "text": "New England's Dark Day", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England", "text": "New England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible", "text": "Bible", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 25–August 4 – American Revolutionary War: Bird's invasion of Kentucky", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird's_invasion_of_Kentucky", "text": "Bird's invasion of Kentucky", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 29 – American Revolutionary War: Waxhaw Massacre: Loyalist forces under Col. Banastre Tarleton kill surrendering American soldiers.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Waxhaws", "text": "Waxhaw Massacre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)", "text": "Loyalist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banastre_Tarleton", "text": "Banastre Tarleton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)", "text": "American", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 7 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Connecticut Farms", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Connecticut_Farms", "text": "Battle of Connecticut Farms", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 10 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Mobley's Meeting House", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mobley's_Meeting_House", "text": "Battle of Mobley's Meeting House", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 20 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Ramsour's Mill", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ramsour's_Mill", "text": "Battle of Ramsour's Mill", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 23 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Springfield: The American victory at Springfield effectively ends British ambitions in New Jersey.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Springfield_(1780)", "text": "Battle of Springfield", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_Township,_Union_County,_New_Jersey", "text": "Springfield", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey", "text": "New Jersey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "July–September", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 11 – Expédition Particulière: French soldiers arrive in Newport, Rhode Island to reinforce colonists in the American Revolutionary War.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expédition_Particulière", "text": "Expédition Particulière", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 12 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Williamson's Plantation", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huck's_Defeat", "text": "Battle of Williamson's Plantation", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 21 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Colson's Mill", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Colson's_Mill", "text": "Battle of Colson's Mill", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 1 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Rocky Mount", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rocky_Mount", "text": "Battle of Rocky Mount", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 6 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Hanging Rock", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hanging_Rock", "text": "Battle of Hanging Rock", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 8 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Piqua", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Piqua", "text": "Battle of Piqua", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 16 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Camden: British troops inflict heavy losses on a Patriot army at Camden, South Carolina.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Camden", "text": "Battle of Camden", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden,_South_Carolina", "text": "Camden, South Carolina", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 18 American Revolutionary War: Battle of Fishing Creek American Revolutionary War: Battle of Musgrove Mill", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fishing_Creek", "text": "Battle of Fishing Creek", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Musgrove_Mill", "text": "Battle of Musgrove Mill", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "American Revolutionary War: Battle of Fishing Creek", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fishing_Creek", "text": "Battle of Fishing Creek", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "American Revolutionary War: Battle of Musgrove Mill", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Musgrove_Mill", "text": "Battle of Musgrove Mill", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 28 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Black Mingo", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Black_Mingo", "text": "Battle of Black Mingo", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 21 American Revolutionary War: Battle of Wahab's Plantation Benedict Arnold gives detailed plans of West Point to Major John André. Three days later, André is captured with papers revealing that Arnold was planning to surrender West Point to the British.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wahab's_Plantation", "text": "Battle of Wahab's Plantation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold", "text": "Benedict Arnold", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Point,_New_York", "text": "West Point", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_André", "text": "John André", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "American Revolutionary War: Battle of Wahab's Plantation", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wahab's_Plantation", "text": "Battle of Wahab's Plantation", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Benedict Arnold gives detailed plans of West Point to Major John André. Three days later, André is captured with papers revealing that Arnold was planning to surrender West Point to the British.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold", "text": "Benedict Arnold", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Point,_New_York", "text": "West Point", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_André", "text": "John André", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 25 – Benedict Arnold flees to British-held New York.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold", "text": "Benedict Arnold", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)", "text": "New York", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 26 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Charlotte", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Charlotte", "text": "Battle of Charlotte", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "October–December", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 2 – American Revolutionary War: In Tappan, New York, British spy John André is hanged by American forces.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tappan,_New_York", "text": "Tappan, New York", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain", "text": "British", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_André", "text": "John André", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 7 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Kings Mountain: Patriot militia forces annihilate a Loyalists under British Major Patrick Ferguson at Kings Mountain in South Carolina.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kings_Mountain", "text": "Battle of Kings Mountain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)", "text": "Patriot", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)", "text": "Loyalists", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Ferguson", "text": "Patrick Ferguson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 9 – Great Hurricane of 1780: The deadliest Atlantic Hurricane in recorded history", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 16 – American Revolutionary War – Royalton Raid", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalton_raid", "text": "Royalton Raid", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 17 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Shallow Ford", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shallow_Ford", "text": "Battle of Shallow Ford", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 19 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Klock's Field", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Klock's_Field", "text": "Battle of Klock's Field", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 25 American Revolutionary War – Battle of Tearcoat Swamp John Hancock is sworn in as the first governor of Massachusetts.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tearcoat_Swamp", "text": "Battle of Tearcoat Swamp", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock", "text": "John Hancock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts", "text": "governor of Massachusetts", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "American Revolutionary War – Battle of Tearcoat Swamp", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tearcoat_Swamp", "text": "Battle of Tearcoat Swamp", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "John Hancock is sworn in as the first governor of Massachusetts.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock", "text": "John Hancock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts", "text": "governor of Massachusetts", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 9 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Fishdam Ford", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fishdam_Ford", "text": "Battle of Fishdam Ford", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 20 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Blackstock's Farm", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Blackstock's_Farm", "text": "Battle of Blackstock's Farm", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Undated", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Woodford Reserve bourbon whiskey distillery begins operation in Kentucky.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodford_Reserve", "text": "Woodford Reserve", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey", "text": "bourbon whiskey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation", "text": "distillery", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky", "text": "Kentucky", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Ongoing", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War", "text": "American Revolutionary War", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 14 – Henry Baldwin, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S. from 1830 to 1844 (died 1827)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Baldwin_(judge)", "text": "Henry Baldwin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1827_in_the_United_States", "text": "1827", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 30 – Israel Pickens, U.S. Senator from Alabama from 1821 to 1825 (died 1827)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Pickens", "text": "Israel Pickens", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1827_in_the_United_States", "text": "1827", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 1 – David Porter, naval officer (died 1843)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Porter_(naval_officer)", "text": "David Porter", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1843_in_the_United_States", "text": "1843", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 19 – Richard McCarty, politician (died 1844)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_McCarty_(U.S._politician)", "text": "Richard McCarty", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1844_in_the_United_States", "text": "1844", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 1 – Oliver C. Comstock, U.S. representative from New York (died 1860)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_C._Comstock", "text": "Oliver C. Comstock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_in_the_United_States", "text": "1860", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 6 – Lucy Barnes, religious writer (died 1809)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Barnes_(writer)", "text": "Lucy Barnes", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809_in_the_United_States", "text": "1809", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 20 – Thomas Metcalfe, U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1848 to 1849 (died 1855)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Metcalfe_(Kentucky_politician)", "text": "Thomas Metcalfe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1855_in_the_United_States", "text": "1855", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 25 – Joseph Ritner, politician (died 1869)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ritner", "text": "Joseph Ritner", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1869_in_the_United_States", "text": "1869", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 4 – Edward Hicks, painter (died 1849)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Hicks", "text": "Edward Hicks", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_in_the_United_States", "text": "1849", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 7 – William Ellery Channing, influential Unitarian theologian and minister (died 1842)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ellery_Channing", "text": "William Ellery Channing", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1842_in_the_United_States", "text": "1842", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 1 – John McKinley, U.S. Senator from Alabama from 1826 to 1831 and in 1837; Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S. from 1837 to 1852 (died 1852)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McKinley", "text": "John McKinley", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852_in_the_United_States", "text": "1852", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 21 – Martin D. Hardin, U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1816 to 1817 (died 1823)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_D._Hardin", "text": "Martin D. Hardin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1823_in_the_United_States", "text": "1823", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 9 – Ephraim Bateman, U.S. Senator from New Jersey from 1826 to 1829 (died 1829)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephraim_Bateman", "text": "Ephraim Bateman", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829_in_the_United_States", "text": "1829", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 20 – William Woodbridge, Governor of Michigan from 1840 to 1841 and U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1841 to 1847 (died 1861)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Woodbridge", "text": "William Woodbridge", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861_in_the_United_States", "text": "1861", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 29 – Richard Rush, U.S. Attorney General under James Madison; U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under John Q. Adams (died 1859)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Rush", "text": "Richard Rush", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General", "text": "U.S. Attorney General", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury", "text": "U.S. Secretary of the Treasury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_in_the_United_States", "text": "1859", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 8 – George Troup, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1816 to 1818 and from 1829 to 1833 (died 1856)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Troup", "text": "George Troup", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_in_the_United_States", "text": "1856", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 17 – Richard Mentor Johnson, U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1819 to 1829 and 9th vice president of the United States from 1837 to 1841 (died 1850)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson", "text": "Richard Mentor Johnson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_United_States", "text": "vice president of the United States", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_in_the_United_States", "text": "1850", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 22 – John Forsyth, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1818 to 1819 and from 1829 to 1834 (died 1841)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Forsyth_(Georgia)", "text": "John Forsyth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1841_in_the_United_States", "text": "1841", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 25 Philip Hone, Mayor of New York City from 1826 to 1827 (died 1851) Freeman Walker, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1819 to 1821 (died 1827)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hone", "text": "Philip Hone", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City", "text": "Mayor of New York City", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1851_in_the_United_States", "text": "1851", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Walker", "text": "Freeman Walker", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1827_in_the_United_States", "text": "1827", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Philip Hone, Mayor of New York City from 1826 to 1827 (died 1851)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hone", "text": "Philip Hone", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City", "text": "Mayor of New York City", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1851_in_the_United_States", "text": "1851", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Freeman Walker, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1819 to 1821 (died 1827)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Walker", "text": "Freeman Walker", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1827_in_the_United_States", "text": "1827", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 8 – Samuel A. Foote, Governor of Connecticut from 1834 to 1835; U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1827 to 1833 (died 1846)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_A._Foot", "text": "Samuel A. Foote", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1846_in_the_United_States", "text": "1846", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 31 – Gideon Tomlinson, U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1831 to 1837 (died 1854)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Tomlinson", "text": "Gideon Tomlinson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_in_the_United_States", "text": "1854", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "William Cardell, grammarian and story writer for boys (died 1828)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cardell", "text": "William Cardell", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1828_in_the_United_States", "text": "1828", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 31 – Jonathan Carver, explorer (born 1710)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Carver", "text": "Jonathan Carver", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1710", "text": "1710", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 3 – Thomas Hutchinson, last governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (born 1711)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)", "text": "Thomas Hutchinson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1711", "text": "1711", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 19 – Johann de Kalb, Franconian-French major general in the Continental Army, mortally wounded in Battle of Camden (born 1721 in Principality of Bayreuth)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_de_Kalb", "text": "Johann de Kalb", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army", "text": "Continental Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1721", "text": "1721", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 8 – Enoch Poor, brigadier general in the Continental Army (born 1736)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch_Poor", "text": "Enoch Poor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1736", "text": "1736", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 2 – John André, British Army officer, hanged as a spy by the Continental Army (born 1750 in Great Britain)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_André", "text": "John André", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1750_in_Great_Britain", "text": "1750 in Great Britain", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Joseph Green, poet, satirist and clergyman (born 1706)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Green_(poet)", "text": "Joseph Green", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1706", "text": "1706", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Yearbox US", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": null, "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1779_in_the_United_States", "text": "1779", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1778_in_the_United_States", "text": "1778", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1777_in_the_United_States", "text": "1777", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1780", "text": "1780", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States", "text": "the United States", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1781_in_the_United_States", "text": "1781", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782_in_the_United_States", "text": "1782", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1783_in_the_United_States", "text": "1783", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Betsy_Ross_flag.svg/90px-Betsy_Ross_flag.svg.png", "width": 90, "height": 90, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "← 1779 1778 1777 1780 in the United States → 1781 1782 1783", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1779_in_the_United_States", "text": "1779", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1778_in_the_United_States", "text": "1778", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1777_in_the_United_States", "text": "1777", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1780", "text": "1780", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States", "text": "the United States", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1781_in_the_United_States", "text": "1781", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782_in_the_United_States", "text": "1782", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1783_in_the_United_States", "text": "1783", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Betsy_Ross_flag.svg/90px-Betsy_Ross_flag.svg.png", "width": 90, "height": 90, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "name": "Decades", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ "\n - 1770s\n - 1780s\n - 1790s\n - 1800s\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "See also", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - History of the United States (1776–1789)\n - Timeline of the American Revolution\n - List of years in the United States\n" ], "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1951–1952 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1951–52 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his fourth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference. The Terriers played their home games at the Bulter Street Gymnasium in their Cobble Hill, Brooklyn campus and at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Francis_College", "text": "St. Francis College", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951–52_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", "text": "1951–52 NCAA Division I men's basketball season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Lynch_(basketball)", "text": "Daniel Lynch", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobble_Hill,_Brooklyn", "text": "Cobble Hill, Brooklyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Regiment_Armory,_Brooklyn", "text": "II Corps Artillery Armory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Slope,_Brooklyn", "text": "Park Slope, Brooklyn", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On February 2, 1952, against Seton Hall, the Terriers played in the first quadruple overtime game in New York City history, both collegiate and professional. The Terriers triumphed 82–70.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "National Catholic Invitation Tournament", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "St. Francis, the defending champions was selected as the 4th seed in the NCIT. The tournament took place at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Field House in Troy, New York, from March 15 to March 22.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute", "text": "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Field_House", "text": "Field House", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy,_New_York", "text": "Troy, New York", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Awards", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Vernon Stokes", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1968 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Västerås, Sweden from January 23 to 27. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Figure_Skating_Championships", "text": "European Figure Skating Championships", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Västerås", "text": "Västerås", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden", "text": "Sweden", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skaters", "text": "figure skaters", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Skating_Union", "text": "ISU", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_skating", "text": "men's singles", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_skating", "text": "ladies' singles", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_skating", "text": "pair skating", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_dancing", "text": "ice dancing", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "hap Inc. is an independent Japanese video game developer best known for the Mom Hid My Game! series. The company is well-known for its \"poorly\" English-translated titles.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_video_game", "text": "independent", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_developer", "text": "video game developer", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "hap inc. released their first game, 10 Dice, on July 3, 2012, an app where the user rolled dice. On August 8, 2016, hap inc. released Mom Hid My Game! for the iOS and Android, which would be the first installment in the series with the same name. Later on January 3, 2017, a sequel to Mom Hid My Game! was released, titled Hidden my game by mom 2, and a third installment, Hidden my game by mom 3, was later released on July 17, 2018.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dice", "text": "dice", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mom_Hid_My_Game!", "text": "Mom Hid My Game!", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS", "text": "iOS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)", "text": "Android", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Products", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "10 Dice - 2012", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Handris! - 2013", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Crazy Freekick - 2014", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Crazy Pitcher - 2014", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Toast Girl - 2014", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Crazy Horizontal bar - 2014", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Crazy Batting Center - 2015", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Vice captain - 2015", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Nyardle - 2015", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hide & Dance! - 2016", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hide_&_Dance!", "text": "Hide & Dance!", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mom Hid My Game! - 2016", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mom_Hid_My_Game!", "text": "Mom Hid My Game!", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hidden my game by mom 2 - 2017", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "My brother ate my pudding - 2017", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Tokimeter - 2017", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hidden my game by mom 3 - 2018", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mr Success - 2018", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Home Runtaro - 2019", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Home Fighter - 2020", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 1 November 1899. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council", "text": "Liverpool City Council", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Eleven of the thirty-one seats (29 wards, with a new ward of Sefton Park East electing three new councillors) were uncontested.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "After the election, the composition of the council was:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Ward results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "* - Retiring Councillor seeking re-election", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Comparisons are made with the 1896 election results, as the retiring councillors were elected in that year.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "West Derby", "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "By-elections", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "No. 24 Sefton Park West, November 1899", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The resignation of Councillor Francis Henderson (Conservative, Sefton Park West, elected 1 November 1898) was reported to the Council on 9 November 1899.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "No. 17, St. Anne's, November 1899", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The resignation of Councillor Jacob Reuben Grant (Liberal, St. Anne's, elected 1 November 1897) was reported to the Council on 9 November 1899.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "No.19, St. Peter's, November 1899", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The resignation of Alderman Henry Hugh Hornby(Liberal Unionist, elected by the council 9 November 1898) was reported to the Council on 9 November 1899.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Councillor William Henry Watts (Liberal, St. Peter's, elected 1897) was elected as an alderman by the council on 9 November 1899.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "No.23 Prince's Park, November 1899", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On the addition of No. 24a Sefton Park East ward, Councillor William James Burgess (Conservative, Prince's Park, elected 1 November 1897) was elected as an alderman by the council on 9 November 1899.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "No. 4, Fairfield ward, 15 May 1900", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Caused by the resignation of Councillor Frank John Leslie (Conservative, Fairfield, elected 1 November 1899).", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "\" 1/3 no Junjō na Kanjō \" (1 / 3 の純情な感情, \"1/3 Pure Heart Emotion\") is a song by the Japanese rock band Siam Shade, released in 1997. The song was first released as their sixth single on November 27, 1997, and also featured on their fourth studio album Siam Shade IV - Zero, released on January 21, 1998.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siam_Shade", "text": "Siam Shade", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "It is the band's best known work and best-selling single, reaching number three on the Oricon Singles Chart, and was the 31st best-selling single of 1998 with 698,520 copies sold. By 2016, this number had grown to over 800,000 copies. The title song was used as the sixth ending theme of the Rurouni Kenshin anime series. The single was reissued in the standard 12 cm CD format on November 14, 2007.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oricon_Singles_Chart", "text": "Oricon Singles Chart", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurouni_Kenshin_(TV_series)", "text": "Rurouni Kenshin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime", "text": "anime", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Track listing", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "All songs written and composed by Siam Shade. Arranged by Masao Akashi.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siam_Shade", "text": "Siam Shade", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Originally the title track's lyrics were written by Hideki, while the music was written by Daita.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Flow version", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Flow recorded a cover version of \"1/3 no Junjō na Kanjō\" for release as their twenty first single on March 9, 2011. The recording features Siam Shade's lead guitarist Daita and was included on their 2011 compilation album Anime Best. The single reached number 20 on the Oricon chart and charted for 4 weeks.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_(Japanese_band)", "text": "Flow", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime_Best", "text": "Anime Best", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Written and composed by Siam Shade. Arranged by Flow and Daita.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Other cover versions", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2010, \"1/3 no Junjō na Kanjō\" was covered by Mikuni Shimokawa for her album Replay! Shimokawa Mikuni Seishun Anison Cover III. Heavy metal musician Eizo Sakamoto covered it for his Super Anime Song Legend of the 1990s album in October. That same month it was covered by both Jani Lane and Acid Black Cherry for the tribute album Siam Shade Tribute, the former being an English-language version.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikuni_Shimokawa", "text": "Mikuni Shimokawa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replay!_Shimokawa_Mikuni_Seishun_Anison_Cover_III", "text": "Replay! Shimokawa Mikuni Seishun Anison Cover III", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eizo_Sakamoto", "text": "Eizo Sakamoto", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_Lane", "text": "Jani Lane", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_Black_Cherry", "text": "Acid Black Cherry", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2011, it was covered by Nogod on the compilation Crush! -90's V-Rock Best Hit Cover Songs-, which was released on January 26 and features current visual kei bands covering songs from bands that were important to the '90s visual kei movement. Pop trio Buono! covered it for their album Partenza in August 2011. A cover by Venus appears in the November 2011 rhythm video game Reflec Beat Limelight.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogod", "text": "Nogod", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_kei", "text": "visual kei", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buono!", "text": "Buono!", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partenza_(EP)", "text": "Partenza", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_game", "text": "rhythm video game", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflec_Beat_Limelight", "text": "Reflec Beat Limelight", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2012, the song was covered by both Mr. Big singer Eric Martin and Megamasso singer Inzargi for their respective cover albums. It was also covered that year by Fest Vainqueur for the compilation album Counteraction - V-Rock covered Visual Anime songs Compilation-, which was released on May 23, 2012, and features covers of songs by visual kei bands that were used in anime.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Big_(American_band)", "text": "Mr. Big", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Martin_(musician)", "text": "Eric Martin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megamasso", "text": "Megamasso", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Japanese American singer Kylee recorded an English-language version for her 2013 Japan-only Crazy for You EP. \"1/3 no Junjō na Kanjō\" was covered by Animetal the Second in 2016 for their second album Blizzard of Animetal the Second. In 2021, fictional visual kei band Fantôme Iris covered the song for the video game Argonavis from BanG Dream AAside.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylee", "text": "Kylee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animetal_the_Second", "text": "Animetal the Second", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard_of_Animetal_the_Second", "text": "Blizzard of Animetal the Second", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonavis_from_BanG_Dream_AAside", "text": "Argonavis from BanG Dream AAside", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "the book about my idle plot on a vague anxiety is the first studio album released by the Japanese math rock band toe.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math_rock", "text": "math rock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toe_(band)", "text": "toe", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Track listing", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "142 may refer to:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "142 (number), an integer", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142_(number)", "text": "142 (number)", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "AD 142, a year of the Julian calendar", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_142", "text": "AD 142", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "142 BC, a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142_BC", "text": "142 BC", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "142 Polana, a main-belt asteroid", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142_Polana", "text": "142 Polana", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 12th edition of Systema Naturae was the last edition of Systema Naturae to be overseen by its author, Carl Linnaeus. It was published by Laurentius Salvius in Holmia (Stockholm) in three volumes, with parts appearing from 1766 to 1768. It contains many species not covered in the previous edition, the 10th edition which was the starting point for zoological nomenclature.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_Naturae", "text": "Systema Naturae", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus", "text": "Carl Linnaeus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm", "text": "Holmia (Stockholm)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae", "text": "10th edition", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_nomenclature", "text": "zoological nomenclature", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Starting point", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Only five editions of Systema Naturae were written by Linnaeus himself, namely the first, second, sixth, tenth and twelfth. When a \"starting point\" for zoological nomenclature was first considered, in the Strickland Code of 1843, the 12th edition of Systema Naturae was chosen, so that any names which Linnaeus had altered from previous editions would be recorded in their final state. It was later replaced by the 10th edition as the starting point for most zoological nomenclature. The starting point for most names in botanical nomenclature is the 1753 work Species Plantarum.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_nomenclature", "text": "zoological nomenclature", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strickland_Code?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Strickland Code", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae", "text": "10th edition", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature", "text": "botanical nomenclature", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_Plantarum", "text": "Species Plantarum", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Format", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Linnaeus divided the 12th edition into three volumes, the first of which was published in two parts. 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1866 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on October 18, 1866. Incumbent Democrat Jonathan Worth defeated National Union nominee Alfred Dockery with 75.87% of the vote.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)", "text": "Democrat", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Worth_(governor)", "text": "Jonathan Worth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)", "text": "National Union", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Dockery", "text": "Alfred Dockery", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "General election", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Candidates", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Jonathan Worth, Democratic", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Alfred Dockery, National Union", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "' Bout Soul is an album by American saxophonist Jackie McLean recorded in 1967 and released on the Blue Note label. It features McLean in a quintet with trumpeter Woody Shaw, pianist LaMont Johnson, bassist Scotty Holt and drummer Rashied Ali. Trombonist Grachan Moncur III guests on three tracks, and Barbara Simmons recites the words on “Soul”.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_McLean", "text": "Jackie McLean", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Note_Records", "text": "Blue Note", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Shaw", "text": "Woody Shaw", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMont_Johnson", "text": "LaMont Johnson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotty_Holt", "text": "Scotty Holt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashied_Ali", "text": "Rashied Ali", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grachan_Moncur_III", "text": "Grachan Moncur III", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Reception", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The AllMusic review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllMusic", "text": "AllMusic", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This is intensely cerebral music that is nevertheless played with a fiery passion. Although the music was all composed, it is played as if it was invented on the spot. Fans of McLean's straight-ahead hard bop, or even of his adventurous mid-'60s sessions, might find this a little off-putting at first, but ' Bout Soul rewards close listening. 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Perry Ray Robinson", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 10 kilometres race walk, or 10-kilometer racewalk, is a racewalking event. The event is competed as a road race. Athletes must always keep in contact with the ground and the supporting leg must remain straight until the raised leg passes it. 10 kilometers is 6.2 miles.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racewalking", "text": "racewalking", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "It was introduced at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm for men, and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona for women. It is no longer an Olympic event, having been changed to 20 km after 1952 for men and in 1999 for women, though it is still run in some international competitions.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics", "text": "1912 Summer Olympics", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics", "text": "1992 Summer Olympics", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_kilometres_race_walk", "text": "20 km", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_10_kilometres_walk", "text": "1952", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "World records", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On May 28, 2000, Roman Rasskazov of Russia set a new 10-km race walk world record in Saransk in a time of 37:11. The all-time women's 10-km race-walk record is held by Yelena Nikolayeva of Russia, at 41:04.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Rasskazov", "text": "Roman Rasskazov", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Nikolayeva_(racewalker)", "text": "Yelena Nikolayeva", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "All-time top 25", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Men", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Correct as of February 2024.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Women", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Correct as of October 2020.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Medalists", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Season's bests", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1905 Australasian Championships was a tennis tournament played on Grass courts in Melbourne, Australia at Warehouseman's Cricket Ground. The tournament took place from 21 November through 25 November 1905. It was the inaugural edition of the Australasian Championships and consisted of a men's singles and men's doubles competition. The men's singles event had a field of 17 players and was won by Australian Rodney Heath.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Open", "text": "Australasian Championships", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis", "text": "tennis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass_court", "text": "Grass courts", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne", "text": "Melbourne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Cricket_Ground", "text": "Warehouseman's Cricket Ground", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_Heath", "text": "Rodney Heath", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Finals", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Singles", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Rodney Heath defeated Albert Curtis, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "text": "Australia", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Australia" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_Heath", "text": "Rodney Heath", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "text": "Australia", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Australia" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Curtis_(tennis)", "text": "Albert Curtis", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Doubles", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Randolph Lycett / Tom Tachell defeated E.T. Barnard / Basil Spence, 11–9, 8–6, 1–6, 4–6, 6–1", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland", "text": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randolph_Lycett", "text": "Randolph Lycett", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "text": "Australia", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Australia" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Tachell", "text": "Tom Tachell", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "text": "Australia", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Australia" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "text": "Australia", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%281903%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Australia" } ] } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The discography of 100 gecs, an American hyperpop duo, includes two studio albums, two extended plays (EPs) and one remix album. Formed in 2015, the band consists of Dylan Brady and Laura Les. They self-released their debut studio album, 1000 gecs, in 2019 to positive reviews, followed by a companion remix album, 1000 gecs and the Tree of Clues, in 2020. They released their second studio album, 10,000 gecs, in 2023.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discography", "text": "discography", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_gecs", "text": "100 gecs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpop", "text": "hyperpop", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_album", "text": "studio albums", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_play", "text": "extended plays", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix_album", "text": "remix album", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Brady", "text": "Dylan Brady", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Les", "text": "Laura Les", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_gecs", "text": "1000 gecs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_gecs_and_the_Tree_of_Clues", "text": "1000 gecs and the Tree of Clues", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10,000_gecs", "text": "10,000 gecs", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Albums", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "No. 652 Squadron RAF was a unit of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and afterwards in Germany.Numbers 651 to 663 Squadrons of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. A further three of these squadrons, 664, 665 and 666, were AOP units of the Royal Canadian Air Force manned by Canadian and British personnel. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Air_Force", "text": "Royal Air Force", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II", "text": "Second World War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany", "text": "Germany", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_observation_post", "text": "air observation post", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_army", "text": "Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force", "text": "Royal Canadian Air Force", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "Army Air Corps", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Formation and World War II", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "No. 652 Squadron was formed at RAF Old Sarum, Wiltshire, on 1 May 1942 and went into action in Normandy on 7 June 1944 in support of the British Second Army and the Operation Overlord landings. Most of its pilots and observers came from the British Army, while maintenance was carried out by RAF personnel. The squadron moved with the Second Army through France, Belgium and the Netherlands into Germany.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Old_Sarum", "text": "RAF Old Sarum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire", "text": "Wiltshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy", "text": "Normandy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Army_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "British Second Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Overlord", "text": "Operation Overlord", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium", "text": "Belgium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Netherlands", "text": "the Netherlands", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany", "text": "Germany", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Claim to fame", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "'C' Flight, No. 652 Squadron RAF has been credited with firing the last British shots of the war in Europe while directing artillery fire at the siege of Dunkirk on 7 May 1945, sharing in this action with No. 665 Squadron RCAF.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._665_Squadron_RCAF", "text": "No. 665 Squadron RCAF", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Post war service", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "After the German surrender it remained as part of the British Air Forces of Occupation, later of the 2nd Tactical Air Force.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Air_Forces_of_Occupation", "text": "British Air Forces of Occupation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Tactical_Air_Force", "text": "2nd Tactical Air Force", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "No. 1902 Air Observation Post Flight was formed within 652 Squadron previously 'A' Flight also No. 1903 Air Observation Post Flight which was formed within 652 Squadron previously 'B' Flight No. 1904 Air Observation Post Flight was formed within 652 Squadron previously 'C' Flight No. 1905 Air Observation Post Flight was formed within 652 Squadron", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The unit was disbanded in September 1957, when it was merged into the Army Air Corps. It will be a Wildcat OCU Squadron in the future.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "Army Air Corps", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The original squadron is represented today by 652 Squadron of 1 Regiment Army Air Corps", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._652_Squadron_AAC", "text": "652 Squadron", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Regiment_Army_Air_Corps", "text": "1 Regiment Army Air Corps", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1263 Varsavia, provisional designation 1933 FF, is an asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 March 1933, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at Uccle Observatory in Belgium. It is named for the city of Warsaw.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid", "text": "asteroid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt", "text": "asteroid belt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvain_Arend", "text": "Sylvain Arend", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uccle_Observatory", "text": "Uccle Observatory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw", "text": "Warsaw", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Orbit and classification", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Varsavia orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,589 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 29 ° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made, the body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Uccle in 1933.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkwood_gap", "text": "central", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit", "text": "AU", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity", "text": "eccentricity", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination", "text": "inclination", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)", "text": "°", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic", "text": "ecliptic", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precoveries", "text": "precoveries", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation_arc", "text": "observation arc", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Physical characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Varsavia is an X-type asteroid in the Tholen taxonomy. In the SMASS classification, it is a Xc-type, that transitions to the carbonaceous C-type asteroids.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-type_asteroid", "text": "X-type asteroid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholen_classification", "text": "Tholen taxonomy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMASS_classification", "text": "SMASS classification", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-type_asteroids", "text": "C-type asteroids", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Rotation period", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In April 2003, the first rotational lightcurve of Varsavia was obtained by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Station in Colorado. Revised data gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.1639 hours with a brightness variation of 0.15 magnitude (U=3).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightcurve", "text": "lightcurve", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_D._Warner", "text": "Brian Warner", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_period", "text": "rotation period", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)", "text": "magnitude", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCDB_quality_code", "text": "U=3", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Another well defined period of 7.1680 hours (Δ0.15 mag) was derived from photometric observations taken by Australian astronomer Julian Oey at Leura Observatory in February 2011 (U=3). Concurring results were also obtained by Robert Stephens in April 2003 (7.231 h; Δ0.15 mag; U=2), from the Palomar Transient Factory in June 2012 (7.1659 h; Δ0.28 mag; U=2), and by the \"Spanish Photometric Asteroid Analysis Group\" (OBAS) in May 2016 (7.163 h; Δ0.12 mag; U=3-). Observations made with the TESS space telescope in 2018 gave a period of 7.1615 hours with an amplitude of 0.05 magnitude (U=2).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCDB_quality_code", "text": "U=3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D._Stephens", "text": "Robert Stephens", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palomar_Transient_Factory", "text": "Palomar Transient Factory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCDB_quality_code", "text": "U=3-", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TESS", "text": "TESS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCDB_quality_code", "text": "U=2", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Diameter and albedo", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Varsavia measures between 34.15 and 51.44 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.042 and 0.10. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0874 and adopts a diameter of 41 kilometers, obtained from modeled data and a directly observed minor planet occultation of a star.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS", "text": "IRAS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akari_(satellite)", "text": "Akari", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer", "text": "Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEOWISE", "text": "NEOWISE", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_albedo", "text": "albedo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occultation#Occultations_by_asteroids", "text": "minor planet occultation", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On July 18, 2003, a stellar occultation by 1263 Varsavia was observed at multiple sites. The measured chords yielded an equivalent diameter of 41 ± 8 km. The profile best matched a spin vector of (λ, β) = (341°, −14°) in elliptical coordinates.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_coordinates", "text": "elliptical coordinates", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Naming", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This minor planet was named by Tadeusz Banachiewicz after the Latin name of the city of Warsaw, capital of Poland. The naming citation includes a note of thanks for the support given by the city's observatory. Naming citation was first published in German by Astronomisches Rechen-Institut (RI 843).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet", "text": "minor planet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Banachiewicz", "text": "Tadeusz Banachiewicz", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw", "text": "Warsaw", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomisches_Rechen-Institut", "text": "Astronomisches Rechen-Institut", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox planet", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1263 Varsavia", "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": "Lightcurve -based 3D-model of Varsavia", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightcurve", "text": "Lightcurve", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1263Varsavia_%28Lightcurve_Inversion%29.png/290px-1263Varsavia_%28Lightcurve_Inversion%29.png", "width": 290, "height": 290, "alternative_text": null, "caption": "Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Varsavia" } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Discovery", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Discovered by", "value": "S. Arend", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers", "text": "Discovered by", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvain_Arend", "text": "S. Arend", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discovery site", "value": "Uccle Obs.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes", "text": "Discovery site", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Observatory_of_Belgium", "text": "Uccle Obs.", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discovery date", "value": "23 March 1933", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Designations", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "MPC designation", "value": "(1263) Varsavia", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor-planet_designation", "text": "MPC designation", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Pronunciation", "value": "/ v ɑːr ˈ s eɪ v i ə /", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English", "text": "/ v ɑːr ˈ s eɪ v i ə /", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Named after", "value": "Warsaw (Polish capital)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw", "text": "Warsaw", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1263_Varsavia#cite_note-springer-2", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Alternative designations", "value": "1933 FF · 1948 PB 1", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy", "text": "Alternative designations", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Minor planet category", "value": "main-belt · (middle)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet#Populations", "text": "Minor planet category", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main-belt", "text": "main-belt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkwood_gap", "text": "middle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1263_Varsavia#cite_note-lcdb-3", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Orbital characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)", "text": "Epoch", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day", "text": "JD", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Uncertainty parameter 0", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_parameter", "text": "Uncertainty parameter", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Observation arc", "value": "84.28 yr (30,784 days)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation_arc", "text": "Observation arc", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Aphelion", "value": "3.1673 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion", "text": "Aphelion", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit", "text": "AU", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Perihelion", "value": "2.1617 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion", "text": "Perihelion", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Semi-major axis", "value": "2.6645 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes", "text": "Semi-major axis", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Eccentricity", "value": "0.1887", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity", "text": "Eccentricity", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": 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