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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Suicide Tour (10 Years Later) is a 3-disc compilation of Brotha Lynch Hung songs, released by Siccmade Muzicc on October 7, 2014. It features Snoop Dogg, Bad Azz, Keak Da Sneak, Xzibit, Warren G, X-Raided, Art B., Zigg Zagg, Phonk Beta, Loki, D-Dubb, C.O.S., and the original Siccmade Muzicc family.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilation_album", "text": "compilation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brotha_Lynch_Hung", "text": "Brotha Lynch Hung", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoop_Dogg", "text": "Snoop Dogg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Azz_(rapper)", "text": "Bad Azz", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keak_Da_Sneak", "text": "Keak Da Sneak", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xzibit", "text": "Xzibit", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G", "text": "Warren G", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Raided", "text": "X-Raided", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Track listing", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Woke Mind Virus, sometimes shortened to WMV, is a term used to refer to anything which is perceived to be closely connected to \" wokeness \" and left-wing politics with particular emphasis on actions or ideas that encourage the suppression of freedom of speech and anti- meritocratic ideals.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woke", "text": "wokeness", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_politics", "text": "left-wing politics", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship", "text": "suppression", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech", "text": "freedom of speech", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy", "text": "meritocratic", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "WMV is a neologism which has gained widespread use among politically right leaning or conservative pundits and audiences, most especially in the United States and after the early 2020s.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-right_politics", "text": "right leaning", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States", "text": "conservative", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Overview", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Woke Mind Virus as a term has been widely used by politicians such as Ron DeSantis, entrepreneurs such as Elon Musk, and talk show hosts like Bill Maher. WMV as a term has been criticized as a politically charged or pejorative term that according the The New York Times, \"...Is eating away at Republicans brains...\" The term is used mostly by right leaning, conservative, Republican, libertarian, or sources other than politically left leaning sources.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_DeSantis", "text": "Ron DeSantis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk", "text": "Elon Musk", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Maher", "text": "Bill Maher", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times", "text": "The New York Times", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Terms such as \" structural racism \", \" patriarchy \", \" white privilege \", \" systemic racism \", and \" intersectionality \" are all reported buzz words that signal subscription to a \"woke mind virus\" concept.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_racism", "text": "structural racism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarchy", "text": "patriarchy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_privilege", "text": "white privilege", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_racism", "text": "systemic racism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersectionality", "text": "intersectionality", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Usage", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Elon Musk", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Woke Mind Virus term was first majorly popularized when used by Elon Musk on the X app (formerly Twitter) in December 2021. Musk has been a heavy and frequent user of the term since, including statements such as:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter", "text": "X app", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Unless it is stopped, the woke mind virus will destroy civilization and humanity will never reached Mars.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Musk has stated that he believed also that Yale University is a \"...epicenter of the woke mind virus attempting to destroy civilization.\" Musk has also attributed the homeless problem of San Francisco to the woke mind virus. The Washington Post reported that Musk partly bought twitter to \"rid of 'woke mind virus'\" Other commentators such as Bill Maher have used the WMV term as a derisive term used to describe a perceived widespread lack of critical thinking and easy or ready acceptance, primarily among youth, of far-left or progressive political ideas (at the sacrifice of humanity primacy considerations).In a April 2023 interview between Maher and Musk, Maher asked Musk, \"You have talked about this woke mind virus in really apocalyptic terms. You should explain why you don’t think it’s hyperbole to say things like it’s pushing civilization toward suicide. First of all, what is the woke mind virus?\", to which Musk responded:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-left_politics", "text": "far-left", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States", "text": "progressive", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "I think we need to be very cautious about anything that is anti-meritocratic and anything that results in the suppression of free speech. So, those are two of the aspects of the woke mind virus that I think are very dangerous—that it’s often very anti-meritocratic and you can’t question things. Even the questioning is bad. So, you know, another way to … almost synonymous would be cancel culture...", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Atlantic reported Musk and X with the label of far-right in association with the use of the WMV term. Other sources have also stated that the term is a far-right term though Musk, a major proponent of the term, denies that he is either far-right or far-left, and that the term is not either. Musk also reportedly bought X in part as a reaction to his daughter's transition as a transgender person and Musk's interpretation of her far-left political beliefs being \"infected with the woke mind virus.\" After being booed by the audience of standup comedian Dave Chappelle in 2022, Musk reupped his rhetoric stating, \"The Woke Mind Virus Is Either Defeated Or Nothing Else Matters.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic", "text": "The Atlantic", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_politics", "text": "far-right", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Chappelle", "text": "Dave Chappelle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On the Lex Fridman podcast Musk called the WMV a \"civilizational threat\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Fridman", "text": "Lex Fridman", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Other uses", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Florida Governor and former presidential candidate, Ron DeSantis has frequently used the term.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Vanity Fair has a story under the \"Woke Mind Virus\" label. USA Today said that the term \"woke\" had been \"co-opted by GOP activists\" Left-wing economist Paul Krugman has stated defended wind energy farms saying that, \"...the bigger picture, I’d argue, is that renewable energy has become a victim of the anti-woke mind virus.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)", "text": "Vanity Fair", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today", "text": "USA Today", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)", "text": "GOP", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Some sources have argued that \" red America \" has \"declared war on Corporate America\" as a result of \"wokeness\" and the \"woke mind virus.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states", "text": "red America", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Critics of Netflix streaming service claimed that \"woke mind virus\" concerns around left-wing political agendas being woven into the plot of various programs was hurting the service's reach and viewership.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix", "text": "Netflix", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "To-y2 (read as \"Toys\") is the ninth original album by Japanese boys band Kis-My-Ft2, released on March 25, 2020, by avex trax.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kis-My-Ft2", "text": "Kis-My-Ft2", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Outline", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This album is filled with the idea of \"playing together using the 'music = toy' produced by Kis-My-Ft2, sharing happiness and excitement, and enriching and coloring our lives. The entire album, including songs, videos, and special features, is full of playfulness, genre-less, and rich in variety.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kis-My-Ft2", "text": "Kis-My-Ft2", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The album was released in three formats: First edition A/B and regular edition.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The DVD included with the first pressing A includes the music video for the lead track \"To Yours,\" the jacket booklet, a making-of video closely following the shooting of the music video, and off-shot footage from \"ASIA FASHION AWARD 2019 in TAIPEI,\" the group's first overseas performance. The DVD included with the first edition B includes the original variety show \"KIS-MY-TV ~Kiss My Real Sugoroku~\". The standard edition includes the secret track \"Seeds\", and the bonus CD contains four unit songs. if you purchase all three forms at the same time, you will receive a visual card with a serial code on it on a first-come, first-served basis.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Kis-My-World \" released in 2015, \" I Scream \" released in 2016, \" Music Colosseum \" released in 2017, \" Yummy!! \" released in 2018 released in 2018, \" Free Hugs! \" released in 2019, and the initials of the title of this work \"To-y2\" are connected to form \"Kis-My-Ft2\". Hiromitsu Kitayama would leave Johnny & Associates on August 31, 2023, and this would be the last album with the seven members.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kis-My-World", "text": "Kis-My-World", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Scream_(Kis-My-Ft2_album)", "text": "I Scream", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Colosseum", "text": "Music Colosseum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yummy!!", "text": "Yummy!!", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Hugs!", "text": "Free Hugs!", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiromitsu_Kitayama", "text": "Hiromitsu Kitayama", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_&_Associates", "text": "Johnny & Associates", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Package specifications", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The album was released in three formats:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "First Edition A (CD&DVD) (AVCD-96465/B) -Newly shot jacket size booklet (26 pages)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "First Edition B (CD&DVD) (AVCD-96466/B) -Jacket size slit animation cards (7 kinds) with solo photos of each member are enclosed.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "KIS-MY-TV\" linked bonus \"Kiss Mai Sugoroku\" set is included.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Regular Edition (2CD) (AVCD-96467-8)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Chart results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The album sold 191,000 copies in the first week and ranked No. 1 on the Oricon Album Ranking for the week of April 6, 2020. It was their 10th consecutive album to reach the top spot on the chart since their first album \"Kis-My-1st\".", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Tracking List", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "CD", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Normal Edition, First Press Edition A", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "See that page for details on single songs.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "\"9th\" Overture (inst.).", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "To Yours.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Reallove.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HANDS UP (Japanese only)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Letting Go.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Positive Man.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "MAHARAJA.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Be alright.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "My Place.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Edge of Days.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Make you mine (Japanese only)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sometime....", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "memento.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "COUNT 7EVEN (read: Count Seven).", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Smilest /.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Seed.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "BONUS CD", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Regular disc only", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "NO!NO! - Yuta Tamamori, Takatsugu Nikaido", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bacteria - Hiromitsu Kitayama, Taisuke Fujigaya", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Butterflies of the Kingdom - Wataru Yokoo, Kennaga Senga", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Fate - Toshiya Miyata, Yuta Tamamori", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "DVD", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "First Edition A", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "To Yours\" MUSIC VIDEO", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Making of \"To-y2\" MUSIC VIDEO", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "ASIA FASHION AWARD 2019 in TAIPEI\" off-shot movie Everybody Go I Scream Night", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Everybody Go", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "I Scream Night", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "First Edition B", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "KIS-MY-TV -Kiss My Real Sugoroku", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Chutnification is the adoption of Indian elements into the English language or culture.The word “ chutnification ” was coined by Salman Rushdie in his novel, Midnight’s Children. Chutney is a sauce for a dry base, originating from the Indian subcontinent.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie", "text": "Salman Rushdie", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight's_Children", "text": "Midnight’s Children", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children is not the first novel to exhibit or employ chutnification. All the post-colonial writers tried this.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postcolonialism", "text": "post-colonial", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "For example, Chinua Achebe’s seminal trilogy Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, Arrow of God as well as Ngugi wa Thiong’o ’s Petals of Blood were written before Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Things_Fall_Apart", "text": "Things Fall Apart", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Longer_at_Ease", "text": "No Longer at Ease", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_God", "text": "Arrow of God", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong'o", "text": "Ngugi wa Thiong’o", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petals_of_Blood", "text": "Petals of Blood", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "\" Backslide \" is a song by American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, released on April 25, 2024, through Fueled by Ramen as the third single of their upcoming seventh studio album, Clancy. It follows previous singles “ Overcompensate ” and “ Next Semester ”.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty_One_Pilots", "text": "Twenty One Pilots", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fueled_by_Ramen", "text": "Fueled by Ramen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clancy_(album)", "text": "Clancy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overcompensate_(song)", "text": "Overcompensate", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Semester", "text": "Next Semester", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Composition", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "\"Backslide\" is a laid back hip-hop track", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip-hop", "text": "hip-hop", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Music video", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Its music video, which is the first to be directed by the band’s drummer, Josh Dun, was teased on social media leading up to its release. When we join our hero — dressed casually in black pants a bomber jacket and t-shirt, with the now-ubiquitous Clancy-era rune-covered belt visible underneath — he is pulling up to a convenience store, where he dumps an empty plastic bag into a garbage can before going in and buying another bag of hamburger buns. Not much else happens, other than a Stranger Things-style segment where Joseph appears to be transported to an alternate, dark universe where he rides his bike in a black void amid swirling leaves as well as a quick stop a child’s lemonade stand where the seemingly possessed grade schooler chants lyrics back to the singer. The bike trip ends with Joseph pulling up to Dun’s house as the drummer flips burgers on a grill, only to realize he’s out of buns and has to return to FPE to get another bag as the visual swallows its own tail and goes back to the beginning.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Dun", "text": "Josh Dun", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Hungarian resistance may refer to:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Passive Resistance (Hungary), 19th-century opposition to Austrian domination of Hungary", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_Resistance_(Hungary)", "text": "Passive Resistance (Hungary)", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hungarian resistance movement, opposition to the Axis within Hungary during World War II", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_resistance_movement", "text": "Hungarian resistance movement", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2024-04-25T17:37:02"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "\" Tropheryma whipplei \" is a bacterium that is the causative organism of Whipple's disease, and rarely, endocarditis.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria", "text": "bacterium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whipple's_disease", "text": "Whipple's disease", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocarditis", "text": "endocarditis", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "While \" T. whipplei \" is categorized with the Gram-positive Actinomycetota, the organism is commonly found to be Gram-positive or Gram-indeterminate when stained in the laboratory. Whipple himself probably observed the organisms as rod-shaped structures with silver stain in his original case.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positive", "text": "Gram-positive", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinomycetota", "text": "Actinomycetota", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positive", "text": "Gram-positive", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Hoyt_Whipple", "text": "Whipple", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History of the name", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "No name was given to the organism until 1991, when the name \" Tropheryma whippelii \" was proposed after sections of the bacterial genome were sequenced. The name was changed to \" Tropheryma whipplei \" in 2001 (correcting the spelling of Whipple's name) when the organism was deposited in bacterial collections.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome", "text": "genome", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "As of 2008, the species, genus, and family name are considered to be invalid due to irregularities in the deposition of type material, and are thus styled in quotation marks.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Genome structure", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Several strains of \" T. whipplei \" have been sequenced.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Genomes of intracellular or parasitic bacteria undergo massive reduction compared to their free-living relatives. With a genome size of less than 1 Mb, \" T. whipplei \" is a prime example of genome reduction among Actinomycetota. Other such examples include Mycoplasma for Bacillota (the low G+C content Gram-positive), Rickettsia for Alphaproteobacteria, and Wigglesworthia and Buchnera for Gammaproteobacteria.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma", "text": "Mycoplasma", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillota", "text": "Bacillota", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia", "text": "Rickettsia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphaproteobacteria", "text": "Alphaproteobacteria", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigglesworthia", "text": "Wigglesworthia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchnera_aphidicola", "text": "Buchnera", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammaproteobacteria", "text": "Gammaproteobacteria", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Some of the largest virions like Megavirus chilensis, Pandoravirus, Pithovirus and mimivirus are comparable in size to miniature bacteria like \" T. whipplei \" and Rickettsia conorii.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megavirus_chilensis", "text": "Megavirus chilensis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandoravirus", "text": "Pandoravirus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pithovirus", "text": "Pithovirus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_conorii", "text": "Rickettsia conorii", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Automatic taxobox", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "\" Tropheryma \"", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Scientific classification", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)", "text": "Scientific classification", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/\"Tropherymataceae\"", "text": "Edit this classification", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png", "width": 15, "height": 15, "alternative_text": "Edit this classification" } ] } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png", "width": 15, "height": 15, "alternative_text": "Edit this classification", "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": "Domain", "value": "Bacteria", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria", "text": "Bacteria", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Phylum", "value": "Actinomycetota", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinomycetota", "text": "Actinomycetota", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Class", "value": "Actinomycetia", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinomycetia", "text": "Actinomycetia", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Order", "value": "Micrococcales", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrococcales", "text": "Micrococcales", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Family", "value": "\"Tropherymataceae\" Nouioui et al . 2018", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/\"Tropheryma\"", "text": "\"Tropherymataceae\"", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/\"Tropheryma\"#cite_note-Nouioui-1", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Genus", "value": "\" Tropheryma \" La Scola et al . 2001", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/\"Tropheryma\"#cite_note-La_Scola_2001-2", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Species", "value": "\" T. whipplei \"", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Binomial name", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature", "text": "Binomial name", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "\" Tropheryma whipplei \" La Scola et al. 2001", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/\"Tropheryma\"#cite_note-La_Scola_2001-2", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Synonyms", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)", "text": "Synonyms", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/\"Tropheryma\"#cite_note-3", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Tropheryma whippelii Relman et al . 1992", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2022-07-17T17:25:32"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 11th Anti-Aircraft Division (11th AA Division) was an air defence formation of the British Army during the early years of the Second World War. It defended the West Midlands during The Blitz, including the notorious raid on Coventry, and the subsequent Baedeker Blitz, but only had a short career.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army", "text": "British Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War", "text": "Second World War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)", "text": "West Midlands", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blitz", "text": "The Blitz", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_Blitz", "text": "raid on Coventry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baedeker_Blitz", "text": "Baedeker Blitz", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Mobilisation", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 11th Anti-Aircraft Division was one of five new divisions created on 1 November 1940 by Anti-Aircraft Command to control the expanding anti-aircraft (AA) defences of the United Kingdom. The division was formed by separating two Territorial Army (TA) brigade areas (34th (South Midland) and 54th) from the 4th AA Division in North West England and adding a Regular Army headquarters from the (1st AA Brigade) that had recently returned from the Dunkirk evacuation.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Aircraft_Command", "text": "Anti-Aircraft Command", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_Army_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "Territorial Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_(South_Midland)_Anti-Aircraft_Brigade", "text": "34th (South Midland)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/54th_Anti-Aircraft_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "54th", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "4th AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Anti-Aircraft_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "1st AA Brigade", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation", "text": "Dunkirk evacuation", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The divisional headquarters (HQ) was at Birmingham and the first General Officer Commanding (GOC), appointed on 14 November 1940, was Major-General Sidney Archibald, who had been Major General, Royal Artillery, of Home Forces and was a former commander of the 34th (South Midland) AA Brigade. The 11th AA Division formed part of II AA Corps.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham", "text": "Birmingham", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_(South_Midland)_Anti-Aircraft_Brigade", "text": "34th (South Midland) AA Brigade", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Anti-Aircraft_Corps_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "II AA Corps", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "The Blitz", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The division's fighting units, organised into three AA Brigades, consisted of Heavy (HAA) and Light (LAA) gun regiments and Searchlight (S/L) regiments of the Royal Artillery. The HAA guns were concentrated in the Gun Defence Areas (GDAs) at Birmingham and Coventry, LAA units were distributed to defend Vulnerable Points (VPs) such as factories and airfields, while the S/L detachments were disposed in clusters of three, spaced 10,400 yards (9,500 m) apart.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Artillery", "text": "Royal Artillery", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham", "text": "Birmingham", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry", "text": "Coventry", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Coventry Blitz", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "At the time the 11th AA Division was created, the industrial towns of the UK were under regular attack by night, to which the limited AA defences replied as best they could. The West Midlands had already suffered badly, with Birmingham and Coventry receiving heavy raids in August and October. The new division was still being formed when the Luftwaffe launched a series of devastating raids, beginning with the notorious Coventry Blitz on 14/15 November.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftwaffe", "text": "Luftwaffe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_Blitz", "text": "Coventry Blitz", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Coventry raid was preceded by a dozen pathfinder aircraft of Kampfgeschwader 100 riding an X-Gerät beam to drop flares and incendiary bombs on the target. The huge fires that broke out in the congested city centre then attracted successive 40-strong waves of bombers flying at heights between 12,000 and 20,000 feet to saturate the defences. The AA Defence Commander (AADC) of 95th (Birmingham) HAA Rgt had prepared a series of concentrations to be fired using sound-locators and GL Mk. I gun-laying radar, and 128 concentrations were fired before the bombing severed all lines of communication and the noise drowned out sound-location. Some gun positions were able to fire at S/L beam intersections, glimpsed through the smoke and guessing the range. Although the Coventry guns fired 10 rounds a minute for the whole 10-hour raid, only three aircraft were shot down over the UK that night, and the city centre was gutted.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampfgeschwader_100", "text": "Kampfgeschwader 100", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Beams#X-Ger.C3.A4t", "text": "X-Gerät", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95th_(Birmingham)_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "95th (Birmingham) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GL_Mk._I_radar", "text": "GL Mk. I", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The change in enemy tactics led to HAA guns being moved from London to the West Midlands (for example, the 6th HAA Regt).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "6th HAA Regt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Birmingham Blitz", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Coventry raid was followed by three consecutive nights (19–22 November) of attacks on Birmingham and other Black Country industrial towns including West Bromwich, Dudley and Tipton were all hit. Birmingham was bombed again during December (3, 4, 11) and on 11 March 1941, but the full Birmingham Blitz came in April 1941, with heavy raids on the nights of 9/10 and 10/11 of the month, causing extensive damage and casualties.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Country", "text": "Black Country", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich", "text": "West Bromwich", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley", "text": "Dudley", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipton", "text": "Tipton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Blitz", "text": "Birmingham Blitz", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Blitz is generally held to have ended on 16 May 1941 with another attack on Birmingham. By now the HAA sites had the advantage of GL Mk I* radar with an elevation finding (E/F or 'Effie') attachment, and several attackers were turned away by accurate fire and their bombs scattered widely, some on nearby Nuneaton. The city was attacked again in July, but the Luftwaffe bombing offensive was effectively over. The West Midlands had been the hardest hit area of the UK after London and Merseyside.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GL_Mk._I_radar", "text": "GL Mk I* radar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuneaton", "text": "Nuneaton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merseyside", "text": "Merseyside", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Order of Battle 1940–41", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The division's composition during the Blitz was as follows:", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "1st AA Brigadede – HQ Crewe: responsible for Staffordshire, airfields and VPs; left by May 1941 1st HAA Rgt 106th HAA Rgt 45th LAA Rgt 63rd LAA Rgt – new regiment raised in October 1940 61st (South Lancashire) S/L Rgt 78th S/L Rgt 83rd S/L Rgt – new regiment raised in January 1941 at Crewe", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Anti-Aircraft_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "1st AA Brigadede", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crewe", "text": "Crewe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staffordshire", "text": "Staffordshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "1st HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/106th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "106th HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "45th LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/63rd_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "63rd LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_Battalion,_South_Lancashire_Regiment", "text": "61st (South Lancashire) S/L Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78th_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "78th S/L Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/83rd_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "83rd S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1st HAA Rgt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "1st HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "106th HAA Rgt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/106th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "106th HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "45th LAA Rgt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "45th LAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "63rd LAA Rgt – new regiment raised in October 1940", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/63rd_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "63rd LAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "61st (South Lancashire) S/L Rgt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_Battalion,_South_Lancashire_Regiment", "text": "61st (South Lancashire) S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "78th S/L Rgt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78th_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "78th S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "83rd S/L Rgt – new regiment raised in January 1941 at Crewe", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/83rd_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "83rd S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "34th (South Midland) AA Brigade – HQ Coventry: responsible for Birmingham and Coventry GDAs 6 HAA Regt – arrived from London 24 November 1940 60th (City of London) HAA Rgt 95th (Birmingham) HAA Rgt 110th HAA Rgt – new regiment raised in October 1940 112th HAA Rgt – new regiment raised in October 1940 22nd LAA Regt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_(South_Midland)_Anti-Aircraft_Brigade", "text": "34th (South Midland) AA Brigade", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry", "text": "Coventry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "6 HAA Regt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_(City_of_London)_Battalion,_London_Regiment", "text": "60th (City of London) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Midland_(Warwickshire)_Royal_Garrison_Artillery", "text": "95th (Birmingham) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/110th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "110th HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/112th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "112th HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22nd_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "22nd LAA Regt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 HAA Regt – arrived from London 24 November 1940", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "6 HAA Regt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "60th (City of London) HAA Rgt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_(City_of_London)_Battalion,_London_Regiment", "text": "60th (City of London) HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "95th (Birmingham) HAA Rgt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Midland_(Warwickshire)_Royal_Garrison_Artillery", "text": "95th (Birmingham) HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "110th HAA Rgt – new regiment raised in October 1940", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/110th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "110th HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "112th HAA Rgt – new regiment raised in October 1940", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/112th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "112th HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22nd LAA Regt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22nd_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "22nd LAA Regt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "54th AA Brigade – HQ Sutton Coldfield: responsible for S/L provision to West Midlands GDAs 45th (Royal Warwickshire Regiment) S/L Rgt 80th S/L Rgt – new regiment raised in October 1940", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/54th_Anti-Aircraft_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "54th AA Brigade", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield", "text": "Sutton Coldfield", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Rifles", "text": "45th (Royal Warwickshire Regiment) S/L Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/80th_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "80th S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "45th (Royal Warwickshire Regiment) S/L Rgt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Rifles", "text": "45th (Royal Warwickshire Regiment) S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "80th S/L Rgt – new regiment raised in October 1940", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/80th_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "80th S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "10th AA 'Z' Rgt – divisional Z Battery rocket unit formed January 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Anti-Aircraft_'Z'_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "10th AA 'Z' Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_Battery", "text": "Z Battery", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11th AA Divisional Signals, Royal Corps of Signals (RCS) – formed at Birmingham November–December 1940 as duplicate of 4 AA Divisional Signals", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Signals", "text": "Royal Corps of Signals", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11th AA Divisional Royal Army Service Corps (RASC) 254th and 912th Companies", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Army_Service_Corps", "text": "Royal Army Service Corps", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "254th and 912th Companies", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11th AA Divisional Company, Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Army_Medical_Corps", "text": "Royal Army Medical Corps", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11th AA Divisional Workshop Company, Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Army_Ordnance_Corps", "text": "Royal Army Ordnance Corps", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "By March 1941, the 1st AA Brigade HQ together with the Regular 1st and 6th HAA Rgts had returned to the War Office (WO) Reserve pending deployment overseas, but temporarily remained part of AA Command. By mid-May 1941, the 1st AA Brigade had handed over its units and responsibilities to a new 68th AA Brigade and left AA Command, while the 67th AA Brigade had also been created by splitting the 34th AA Brigade.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Office", "text": "War Office", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68th_Anti-Aircraft_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "68th AA Brigade", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/67th_Anti-Aircraft_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "67th AA Brigade", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Mid-War", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "By October 1941 the availability of S/L control radar was sufficient to allow AA Command's S/L sites to be 'declustered' into single-light sites spaced at 10,400 yards (9,500 m) intervals in 'Indicator Belts' in the approaches to the GDAs, and 'Killer Belts' at 6,000 yards (5,500 m) spacing to cooperate with the RAF's Night-fighters.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night-fighter", "text": "Night-fighters", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Although the Luftwaffe ' s so-called Baedeker Blitz of 1942 was mainly aimed at unprotected cities, Birmingham was hit on several occasions in June and July that year.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baedeker_Blitz", "text": "Baedeker Blitz", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Newly formed AA units joined the division, the HAA and support units increasingly becoming 'Mixed' units, indicating that women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) were fully integrated into them. At the same time, experienced units were posted away to train for service overseas. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for the invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) and the need to transfer AA units to counter the Baedeker raids and the Luftwaffe ' s hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_Territorial_Service", "text": "Auxiliary Territorial Service", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Torch", "text": "Operation Torch", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Order of Battle 1941–42", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "During this period the division was composed as follows:", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "34th AA Brigade 6th HAA Rgt – left in September 1941 for overseas service; captured in Java March 1942 55th (Kent) HAA Rgt – from 6th AA Division by December 1941; to WO Control December 1941, left February 1942 for Persia and Iraq Command (PAIFORCE) 57th (Wessex) HAA Rgt – from 1st AA Division March 1942; to 9th AA Division May 1942 60th HAA Rgt – to the 68th AA Brigade Summer 1941 65th (Manchester Regiment) HAA Rgt – from Orkney and Shetland Defences (OSDEF) June 1941; to 3rd AA Division Autumn 1941 71st (Forth) HAA Rgt – from 3rd AA Division by December 1941; to 6th AA Division May 1942 95th HAA Rgt – returned from 67th AA Brigade December 1941; left January 1942, arrived in India April 1942 107th HAA Rgt – from 4th AA Division by May 1942; to 5th AA Division June 1942 110th HAA Rgt – to OSDEF May 1941 122nd HAA Rgt – new regiment formed in February 1941; to 67th AA Brigade by December 1941 134th (Mixed) HAA Rgt – new regiment formed in September 1941 142nd (Mixed) HAA Rgt – from 67th AA Brigade June 1942 22nd LAA Rgt – returned from 67th AA Brigade by December 1941; to 54th AA Brigade June 1942 42nd LAA Rgt – left Summer 1941; to Middle East Forces by December 1941 10th AA 'Z' Rgt – to 67th AA Brigade Summer 1941; returned by December 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_Campaign", "text": "Java", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/55th_(Kent)_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "55th (Kent) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "6th AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persia_and_Iraq_Command", "text": "Persia and Iraq Command", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Wessex_Artillery", "text": "57th (Wessex) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "1st AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "9th AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Manchester_Rifles", "text": "65th (Manchester Regiment) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkney", "text": "Orkney", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland", "text": "Shetland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "3rd AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/71st_(Forth)_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "71st (Forth) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj", "text": "India", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/107th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "107th HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "5th AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/122nd_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "122nd HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/134th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "134th (Mixed) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142nd_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "142nd (Mixed) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "42nd LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Command", "text": "Middle East Forces", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "6th HAA Rgt – left in September 1941 for overseas service; captured in Java March 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_Campaign", "text": "Java", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "55th (Kent) HAA Rgt – from 6th AA Division by December 1941; to WO Control December 1941, left February 1942 for Persia and Iraq Command (PAIFORCE)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/55th_(Kent)_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "55th (Kent) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "6th AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persia_and_Iraq_Command", "text": "Persia and Iraq Command", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "57th (Wessex) HAA Rgt – from 1st AA Division March 1942; to 9th AA Division May 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Wessex_Artillery", "text": "57th (Wessex) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "1st AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "9th AA Division", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "60th HAA Rgt – to the 68th AA Brigade Summer 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "65th (Manchester Regiment) HAA Rgt – from Orkney and Shetland Defences (OSDEF) June 1941; to 3rd AA Division Autumn 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Manchester_Rifles", "text": "65th (Manchester Regiment) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkney", "text": "Orkney", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland", "text": "Shetland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "3rd AA Division", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "71st (Forth) HAA Rgt – from 3rd AA Division by December 1941; to 6th AA Division May 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/71st_(Forth)_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "71st (Forth) HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "95th HAA Rgt – returned from 67th AA Brigade December 1941; left January 1942, arrived in India April 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj", "text": "India", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "107th HAA Rgt – from 4th AA Division by May 1942; to 5th AA Division June 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/107th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "107th HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "5th AA Division", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "110th HAA Rgt – to OSDEF May 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "122nd HAA Rgt – new regiment formed in February 1941; to 67th AA Brigade by December 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/122nd_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "122nd HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "134th (Mixed) HAA Rgt – new regiment formed in September 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/134th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "134th (Mixed) HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "142nd (Mixed) HAA Rgt – from 67th AA Brigade June 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142nd_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "142nd (Mixed) HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22nd LAA Rgt – returned from 67th AA Brigade by December 1941; to 54th AA Brigade June 1942", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "42nd LAA Rgt – left Summer 1941; to Middle East Forces by December 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "42nd LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Command", "text": "Middle East Forces", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "10th AA 'Z' Rgt – to 67th AA Brigade Summer 1941; returned by December 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "54th AA Brigade 22nd LAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade June 1942; to WO Control September 1942; later to Operation Torch 111th LAA Rgt – from 2nd AA Division July 1942 128th LAA Rgt – from 67 AA Brigade June 1942; to 68 AA Brigade July 1942 30th (Surrey) S/L Rgt – from 10th AA Division by May 1942; to WO Control September 1942; later to Operation Torch 45th S/L Rgt – converted into 122nd LAA Rgt February 1942, joined 68th AA Brigade May 1942 59th S/L Rgt – to OSDEF May 1941 80th S/L Rgt 83rd S/L Rgt – from 68th AA Brigade Summer 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/111th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "111th LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "2nd AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/128th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "128th LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30th_(Surrey)_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "30th (Surrey) S/L Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "10th AA Division", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22nd LAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade June 1942; to WO Control September 1942; later to Operation Torch", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "111th LAA Rgt – from 2nd AA Division July 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/111th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "111th LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "2nd AA Division", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "128th LAA Rgt – from 67 AA Brigade June 1942; to 68 AA Brigade July 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/128th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "128th LAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "30th (Surrey) S/L Rgt – from 10th AA Division by May 1942; to WO Control September 1942; later to Operation Torch", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30th_(Surrey)_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "30th (Surrey) S/L Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "10th AA Division", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "45th S/L Rgt – converted into 122nd LAA Rgt February 1942, joined 68th AA Brigade May 1942", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "59th S/L Rgt – to OSDEF May 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "80th S/L Rgt", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "83rd S/L Rgt – from 68th AA Brigade Summer 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "67th AA Brigade 95th HAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade by May 1941, returned December 1941 122nd HAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade by December 1941; to 68th AA Brigade December 1941 138th HAA Rgt – from 9th AA Division August 1942; to 3rd AA Division September 1942 142nd (Mixed) HAA Rgt – new unit formed December 1941; to 34th AA Brigade June 1942 22nd LAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade by May 1941; returned by December 1941 79th LAA Rgt – new unit formed July 1941; to PAIFORCE by May 1942 10th AA 'Z' Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade Summer 1941; returned by December 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/138th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "138th HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/79th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "79th LAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "95th HAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade by May 1941, returned December 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "122nd HAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade by December 1941; to 68th AA Brigade December 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "138th HAA Rgt – from 9th AA Division August 1942; to 3rd AA Division September 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/138th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "138th HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "142nd (Mixed) HAA Rgt – new unit formed December 1941; to 34th AA Brigade June 1942", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22nd LAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade by May 1941; returned by December 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "79th LAA Rgt – new unit formed July 1941; to PAIFORCE by May 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/79th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "79th LAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "10th AA 'Z' Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade Summer 1941; returned by December 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "By May 1942, the 67th AA Brigade consisted only of 142nd (M) HAA Rgt; thereafter it was joined by:", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "119th HAA Rgt – from 8th AA Division June 1942; to OSDEF September 1942 143rd (Mixed) HAA Rgt – new regiment formed January 1942, joined July 1942 87th LAA Rgt – from 8th AA Division June 1942; to unbrigaded July 1942 128th LAA Rgt – converted from 87th S/L Rgt, joined May 1942; to 54th AA Brigade June 1942 135th LAA Rgt – new regiment formed in January 1942; joined July 1942; to 8th AA Division September 1942 37th (Tyne Electrical Engineers) S/L Rgt – from 9th AA Division July 1942; returned September 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "119th HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "8th AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/143rd_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "143rd (Mixed) HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/87th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "87th LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/135th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "135th LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_(Tyne_Electrical_Engineers)_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "37th (Tyne Electrical Engineers) S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "119th HAA Rgt – from 8th AA Division June 1942; to OSDEF September 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "119th HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "8th AA Division", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "143rd (Mixed) HAA Rgt – new regiment formed January 1942, joined July 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/143rd_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "143rd (Mixed) HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "87th LAA Rgt – from 8th AA Division June 1942; to unbrigaded July 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/87th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "87th LAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "128th LAA Rgt – converted from 87th S/L Rgt, joined May 1942; to 54th AA Brigade June 1942", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "135th LAA Rgt – new regiment formed in January 1942; joined July 1942; to 8th AA Division September 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/135th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "135th LAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "37th (Tyne Electrical Engineers) S/L Rgt – from 9th AA Division July 1942; returned September 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_(Tyne_Electrical_Engineers)_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery", "text": "37th (Tyne Electrical Engineers) S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In June 1942, the 67th AA Brigade transferred to the 9th AA Division, and by October 1942 it once again consisted of a single regiment (143rd (M) HAA).", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "68th AA Brigade 60th HAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade Summer 1941; to 12th AA Division by December 1941 106th HAA Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade ; to 2nd AA Division Summer 1941 115th HAA Rgt – from OSDEF September 1942 122nd HAA Rgt – from 67th AA Brigade December 1941; to unbrigaded July 1942 45th LAA Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade ; to 2nd AA Division December 1941 63rd LAA Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade ; to WO Control September 1942; later to Operation Torch 98th LAA Rgt – new unit formed by a cadre from 45th LAA Rgt December 1941; to 4th AA Division by May 1942 122nd LAA Rgt – from 87th S/L Rgt, 54th AA Brigade, May 1942; to 6th AA Division by September 1942 128th LAA Rgt – from 54th AA Brigade July 1942 38th (The King's Regiment) S/L Rgt – from OSDEF June 1941 61st S/L Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade 83rd S/L Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade ; to 54th AA Brigade Summer 1941 78th S/L Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "12th AA Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/115th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "115th HAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/98th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "98th LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(military)", "text": "cadre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Rifles", "text": "38th (The King's Regiment) S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "60th HAA Rgt – from 34th AA Brigade Summer 1941; to 12th AA Division by December 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "text": "12th AA Division", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "106th HAA Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade ; to 2nd AA Division Summer 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "115th HAA Rgt – from OSDEF September 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/115th_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "115th HAA Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "122nd HAA Rgt – from 67th AA Brigade December 1941; to unbrigaded July 1942", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "45th LAA Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade ; to 2nd AA Division December 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "63rd LAA Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade ; to WO Control September 1942; later to Operation Torch", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "98th LAA Rgt – new unit formed by a cadre from 45th LAA Rgt December 1941; to 4th AA Division by May 1942", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/98th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "98th LAA Rgt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(military)", "text": "cadre", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "122nd LAA Rgt – from 87th S/L Rgt, 54th AA Brigade, May 1942; to 6th AA Division by September 1942", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "128th LAA Rgt – from 54th AA Brigade July 1942", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "38th (The King's Regiment) S/L Rgt – from OSDEF June 1941", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Rifles", "text": "38th (The King's Regiment) S/L Rgt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "61st S/L Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "83rd S/L Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade ; to 54th AA Brigade Summer 1941", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "78th S/L Rgt – from 1st AA Brigade", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The increased sophistication of Operations Rooms and communications was reflected in the growth in support units, which attained the following organisation by May 1942:", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "11th AA Division Mixed Signal Unit HQ, RCS HQ No 1 Company 11th AA Division Mixed Signal Office Section 68th AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section 118th RAF Fighter Sector Sub-Section (RAF Atcham) 320th AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (Crewe) 344th AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (RAF Valley) 20th AA Line Maintenance Section HQ No 2 Company 40st AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (Birmingham) st1 AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 2nd AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 3rd AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 4th AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 413th AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (Coventry) – formed from 4 Sub-GOR July 1942 34th AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section 54th AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section 119th RAF Fighter Sector Sub-Section (RAF Honiley) 28th AA Line Maintenance Section 29th AA Line Maintenance Section", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Atcham", "text": "RAF Atcham", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Valley", "text": "RAF Valley", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Honiley", "text": "RAF Honiley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HQ No 1 Company 11th AA Division Mixed Signal Office Section 68th AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section 118th RAF Fighter Sector Sub-Section (RAF Atcham) 320th AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (Crewe) 344th AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (RAF Valley) 20th AA Line Maintenance Section", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Atcham", "text": "RAF Atcham", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Valley", "text": "RAF Valley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11th AA Division Mixed Signal Office Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "68th AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "118th RAF Fighter Sector Sub-Section (RAF Atcham)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Atcham", "text": "RAF Atcham", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "320th AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (Crewe)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "344th AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (RAF Valley)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Valley", "text": "RAF Valley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "20th AA Line Maintenance Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HQ No 2 Company 40st AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (Birmingham) st1 AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 2nd AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 3rd AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 4th AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 413th AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (Coventry) – formed from 4 Sub-GOR July 1942 34th AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section 54th AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section 119th RAF Fighter Sector Sub-Section (RAF Honiley) 28th AA Line Maintenance Section 29th AA Line Maintenance Section", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Honiley", "text": "RAF Honiley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "40st AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (Birmingham) st1 AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 2nd AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 3rd AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section 4th AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "st1 AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "2nd AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "3rd AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "4th AA Sub-Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Sub-Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "413th AA Gun Operations Room Mixed Signal Section (Coventry) – formed from 4 Sub-GOR July 1942", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "34th AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "54th AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "119th RAF Fighter Sector Sub-Section (RAF Honiley)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Honiley", "text": "RAF Honiley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "28th AA Line Maintenance Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "29th AA Line Maintenance Section", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HQ 11th AA Div RASC 254th, 912th Companies", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "254th, 912th Companies", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11th AA Div RAMC", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11th AA Div Workshop Company, RAOC", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11th AA Div Radio Maintenance Company, RAOC", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The RAOC companies became part of the new Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) during 1942.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Electrical_and_Mechanical_Engineers", "text": "Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Disbandment", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "A reorganisation of AA Command in October 1942 saw the AA divisions disbanded and replaced by a smaller number of AA Groups more closely aligned with the groups of RAF Fighter Command. The 11th AA Division merged with the 4th AA Division into the 4th AA Group based at Preston and cooperating with No. 9 Group RAF.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command", "text": "RAF Fighter Command", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_Anti-Aircraft_Group_(United_Kingdom)?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "4th AA Group", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire", "text": "Preston", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._9_Group_RAF", "text": "No. 9 Group RAF", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 11th AA Divisional Signals was amalgamated back into its parent 4th AA Divisional Signals as the 4th AA Group (Mixed) Signals.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "General Officer Commanding", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The following officer commanded 11th AA Division:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Major-General Sidney Archibald (11 November 1940 – 30 September 1942)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Archibald", "text": "Sidney Archibald", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "External sources", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Anti-Aircraft Command (1940) at British Military History", "links": [ { "url": "https://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk/docs-united-kingdom-1939-1940-anti-aircraft-command-1940/", "text": "Anti-Aircraft Command (1940) at British Military History", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Generals of World War II", "links": [ { "url": "http://www.generals.dk", "text": "Generals of World War II", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Royal Artillery 1939–1945", "links": [ { "url": "https://ra39-45.co.uk", "text": "Royal Artillery 1939–1945", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1898–99 Brown men's ice hockey season was the 2nd season of play for the program.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "While Brown continued to play most of their games on the road, the men's team did play their first game at home, hosting Harvard on the first of February. This was the last time Brown finished with a winning record until 1929.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men's_ice_hockey", "text": "Harvard", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Note: Brown University did not formally adopt the Bear as its mascot until the fall of 1905.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_University", "text": "Brown University", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Roster", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule and Results", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1889 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 5 November 1889.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicap_(horse_racing)", "text": "handicap", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This year was the 29th running of the Melbourne Cup. The race is best known for 1890 winner Carbine finishing second. Bravo was sired by 1880 Melbourne Cup winner Grand Flaneur.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Cup", "text": "Melbourne Cup", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_Melbourne_Cup", "text": "1880 Melbourne Cup", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Flaneur", "text": "Grand Flaneur", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This is the list of placegetters for the 1889 Melbourne Cup.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "%5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "#REDIRECT Dragon Ball GT", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Ball_GT", "text": "Dragon Ball GT", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "From an alternative language: This is a redirect from a page name in Japanese to a page name in an as yet undetermined language. These words may directly translate or they may be related words, names or phrases. This redirect leads to its target in accordance with the naming conventions for titles in other languages and can help writing and searches. However, per WP:NOTBROKEN do not replace these redirected links with a piped link unless the page is updated for another reason.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Redirects_from_alternative_languages", "text": "From an alternative language", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language", "text": "Japanese", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undetermined_language", "text": "undetermined language", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTBROKEN", "text": "WP:NOTBROKEN", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link", "text": "piped link", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "This redirect leads to its target in accordance with the naming conventions for titles in other languages and can help writing and searches. However, per WP:NOTBROKEN do not replace these redirected links with a piped link unless the page is updated for another reason.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTBROKEN", "text": "WP:NOTBROKEN", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link", "text": "piped link", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1925 Pacific Coast Conference football season was the 11th season of college football played by the member schools of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) and was a part of the 1925 college football season.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football", "text": "college football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Conference", "text": "Pacific Coast Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_college_football_season", "text": "1925 college football season", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1925 Washington Huskies football team, led by head coach Enoch Bagshaw, won the conference championship with a 10–1–1 overall record (5–0 against PCC opponents). The Huskies were undefeated in the regular season but lost to national champion Alabama by a 20–19 score in the 1926 Rose Bowl. Washington's backfield star Wildcat Wilson was a consensus pick for the 1925 All-America team. Other key players included quarterback George Guttormsen and fullback Elmer Tesreau. The Huskies led the PCC in scoring with an average of 40.0 points per game.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Washington_Huskies_football_team", "text": "1925 Washington Huskies football team", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch_Bagshaw", "text": "Enoch Bagshaw", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football_team", "text": "Alabama", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Rose_Bowl", "text": "1926 Rose Bowl", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcat_Wilson", "text": "Wildcat Wilson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Guttormsen", "text": "George Guttormsen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer_Tesreau", "text": "Elmer Tesreau", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1925 Stanford football team, led by head coach Pop Warner, finished in second place with a 7–2 overall record (4–1 against PCC opponents). Stanford's fullback Ernie Nevers was a consensus first-team All-American. Other key players included end Ted Shipkey and guard Fred H. Swan.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Stanford_football_team", "text": "1925 Stanford football team", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Warner", "text": "Pop Warner", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Nevers", "text": "Ernie Nevers", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Shipkey", "text": "Ted Shipkey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_H._Swan", "text": "Fred H. Swan", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1925 USC Trojans football team, led by first-year head coach Howard Jones, tied for third place with an 11–2 overall record (3–2 against PCC opponents). The Trojans led the PCC in scoring defense, allowing only an average of only 4.2 points per game. Key players for USC included quarterback Morley Drury, guard Brice Taylor, center Jeff Cravath, and end Hobbs Adams.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_USC_Trojans_football_team", "text": "1925 USC Trojans football team", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Jones_(American_football_coach)", "text": "Howard Jones", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morley_Drury", "text": "Morley Drury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brice_Taylor", "text": "Brice Taylor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Cravath", "text": "Jeff Cravath", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbs_Adams", "text": "Hobbs Adams", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1925 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, led by head coach, Paul J. Schissler, tied with USC for third place. The Aggies compiled a 7–2 overall record (3–2 against PCC opponents). Key players included halfback Wes Schulmerich and tackles Lewis \"Hip\" Dickerson and Jim Dixon.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Oregon_Agricultural_Aggies_football_team", "text": "1925 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Schissler", "text": "Paul J. Schissler", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Schulmerich", "text": "Wes Schulmerich", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Dixon_(American_football)", "text": "Jim Dixon", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Season overview", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Results and team statistics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Key PPG = Average of points scored per game PAG = Average of points allowed per game", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Regular season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On September 26, four PCC teams opened their seasons with five non-conference games. USC played a double-header. The five games resulted in four victories and one loss. The loss was sustained by Stanford against San Francisco's strong Olympic Club team.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Club", "text": "Olympic Club", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "September 26" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Over the weekend of October 2–3, the nine PCC teams played nine games, with Washington hosting a double-header. Only one intra-conference game was played. In eight non-conference games, the PCC compiled a record of seven wins, no losses, and one tie. The tie game was played between Oregon and the Multnomah Athletic Club of Portland.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multnomah_Athletic_Club", "text": "Multnomah Athletic Club", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon", "text": "Portland", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "October 2–3" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Over the weekend of October 9–10, the PCC teams played two intra-conference games and four non-conference games. Washington State did not play a game. The non-conference games resulted in three wins and one loss. The loss was sustained by California against the same Olympic Club team that defeated Stanford two weeks earlier.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "October 9–10" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On October 17, the PCC teams played two intra-conference games and five non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in three wins, no losses, and two ties. Washington and Nebraska played to a 6–6 tie, the only blemish on Washington's undefeated regular season. Stanford established itself in second place with a road victory over USC. California and Saint Mary's also played to a 6–6 tie.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Saint_Mary's_Gaels_football_team", "text": "Saint Mary's", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "October 17" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On October 24, the PCC teams played two intra-conference games and four non-conference games. Washington State did not play a game. The non-conference games resulted in three wins and one loss. Stanford defeated Oregon Agricultural to further establish itself in second place in the conference. The non-conference loss was sustained by Idaho in a road game against Gonzaga.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Gonzaga_Bulldogs_football_team", "text": "Gonzaga", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "October 24" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Over the weekend of October 30–31, PCC teams played four intra-conference games and one non-conference game.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "October 30–31" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On November 7, PCC teams played three intra-conference games and two-non-conference games. Oregon did not play a game. Washington defeated Stanford in a game that decided the conference championship. The two non-conference games resulted in victories.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "November 7" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On November 14, PCC teams played three intra-conference games and one non-conference game. Idaho and Washington State did not play games. In the non-conference game Stanford defeated the Southern Branch of the University of California (later renamed UCLA).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Southern_Branch_Grizzlies_football_team", "text": "Southern Branch of the University of California", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "November 14" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On November 21, the conference teams played two intra-conference games and three non-conference games. Montana and Oregon did not play games. In the annual Big Game, Stanford defeated California, 26–14, before a crowd of 74,000, the largest crowd to attend a PCC game in 1925. The non-conference games resulted in two victories and one tie. USC defeated Big Ten opponent Iowa, 18–0. Washington State and Gonzaga played to a scoreless tie.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Game_(American_football)", "text": "Big Game", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": "November 21" } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "All-Pacific Coast players", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The following players were selected by the United Press as first-team players on the 1925 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Press", "text": "United Press", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_All-Big_Ten_Conference_football_team", "text": "1925 All-Big Ten Conference football team", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bill Kelly, quarterback, Montana (College Football Hall of Fame)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Kelly_(quarterback)", "text": "Bill Kelly", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Montana_Grizzlies_football_team", "text": "Montana", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Morley Drury, halfback, USC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morley_Drury", "text": "Morley Drury", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Wildcat Wilson, halfback, Washington (College Football Hall of Fame)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcat_Wilson", "text": "Wildcat Wilson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ernie Nevers, fullback, Stanford (College and Pro Football Halls of Fame)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Nevers", "text": "Ernie Nevers", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ted Shipkey, end, Stanford", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Shipkey", "text": "Ted Shipkey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hobbs Adams, end, USC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbs_Adams", "text": "Hobbs Adams", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Walden Erickson, tackle, Washington", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_Erickson", "text": "Walden Erickson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Jim Dixon, tackle, Oregon Aggies", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Dixon_(American_football)", "text": "Jim Dixon", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Dana Carey, guard, California", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Carey", "text": "Dana Carey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Brice Taylor, guard, USC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brice_Taylor", "text": "Brice Taylor", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Jeff Cravath, center, USC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Cravath", "text": "Jeff Cravath", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "All-Americans", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Two PCC players were consensus first-team selections to the 1925 College Football All-America Team:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_College_Football_All-America_Team", "text": "1925 College Football All-America Team", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ernie Nevers of Stanford at back", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Nevers", "text": "Ernie Nevers", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Wildcat Wilson of Washington at back", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcat_Wilson", "text": "Wildcat Wilson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Other PCC players receiving first-team honors from at least one official selector included:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Brice Taylor of USC at guard (by the Football Writers Association of America)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brice_Taylor", "text": "Brice Taylor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_Writers_Association_of_America", "text": "Football Writers Association of America", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Dana Carey of California at guard (by Liberty magazine)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Carey", "text": "Dana Carey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1762 Russell, provisional designation 1953 TZ, is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, on 8 October 1953. The asteroid was named after American astronomer Henry Norris Russell.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid", "text": "asteroid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt", "text": "asteroid belt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Asteroid_Program", "text": "Indiana Asteroid Program", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_Link_Observatory", "text": "Goethe Link Observatory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell", "text": "Henry Norris Russell", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Orbit and classification", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Russell is a member of the Koronis family (605), a very large outer asteroid family with nearly co-planar ecliptical orbits. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 11 months (1,781 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 2 ° with respect to the ecliptic.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronis_family", "text": "Koronis family", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIN_tbl#605", "text": "605", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_family", "text": "asteroid family", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkwood_gap", "text": "outer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit", "text": "AU", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity", "text": "eccentricity", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination", "text": "inclination", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)", "text": "°", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic", "text": "ecliptic", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The asteroid was first identified as 1947 LM at Lowell Observatory in June 1947.The body's observation arc begins with a precovery at Goethe Link Observatory in February 1950, more than 3 years prior to its official discovery observation.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Observatory", "text": "Lowell Observatory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation_arc", "text": "observation arc", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precovery", "text": "precovery", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Physical characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Russell is an assumed stony S-type asteroid, which agrees with the overall spectral type of the Koronis family.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-type_asteroid", "text": "S-type asteroid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_type", "text": "spectral type", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Rotation period", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In April 2014, a rotational lightcurve of Russell was obtained from photometric observations at the Sonoita Research Observatory (G93) and Etscorn Campus Observatory (719). Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 12.797 hours with a brightness variation of 0.46 magnitude (U=3-).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightcurve", "text": "lightcurve", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAU_code#G93", "text": "G93", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAU_code#719", "text": "719", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_period", "text": "rotation period", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)", "text": "magnitude", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCDB_quality_code", "text": "U=3-", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Diameter and albedo", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Russell measures between 16.576 and 17.033 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.118 and 0.201.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akari_(satellite)", "text": "Akari satellite", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEOWISE", "text": "NEOWISE", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer", "text": "Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_albedo", "text": "albedo", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 and calculates a diameter of 15.61 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.2.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_magnitude", "text": "absolute magnitude", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Naming", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This minor planet was named after distinguished American astronomer Henry Norris Russell (1877–1957), noted for the H–R diagram and research on a variety of topics in fundamental astronomy, astrophysics, and the analysis of atomic spectra (see Russell–Saunders coupling).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet", "text": "minor planet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell", "text": "Henry Norris Russell", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H–R_diagram", "text": "H–R diagram", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell–Saunders_coupling", "text": "Russell–Saunders coupling", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1971 (M.P.C. 3143). Russell is also honored by both a lunar and a Martian crater.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanings_of_minor_planet_names:_1001–2000#762", "text": "naming citation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center", "text": "Minor Planet Center", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Planet_Circulars", "text": "M.P.C.", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_(lunar_crater)", "text": "a lunar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_(Martian_crater)", "text": "a Martian", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox planet", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "Discovery", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Discovered by", "value": "Indiana University (Indiana Asteroid Program)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers", "text": "Discovered by", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_(Bloomington)", "text": "Indiana University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Asteroid_Program", "text": "Indiana Asteroid Program", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discovery site", "value": "Goethe Link Obs.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes", "text": "Discovery site", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_Link_Observatory", "text": "Goethe Link Obs.", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discovery date", "value": "8 October 1953", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Designations", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "MPC designation", "value": "(1762) Russell", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor-planet_designation", "text": "MPC designation", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Named after", "value": "Henry Norris Russell (American astronomer)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell", "text": "Henry Norris Russell", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1762_Russell#cite_note-springer-2", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1762_Russell#cite_note-springer-2", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Alternative designations", "value": "1953 TZ · 1947 LM 1953 TW 2 · 1956 GF 1963 VN", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy", "text": "Alternative designations", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Minor planet category", "value": "main-belt · (outer) Koronis", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet#Populations", "text": "Minor planet category", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main-belt", "text": "main-belt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkwood_gap", "text": "outer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronis_family", "text": "Koronis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1762_Russell#cite_note-lcdb-3", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1762_Russell#cite_note-Ferret-4", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Orbital characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)", "text": "Epoch", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day", "text": "JD", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Uncertainty parameter 0", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_parameter", "text": "Uncertainty parameter", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Observation arc", "value": "69.52 yr (25,393 days)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation_arc", "text": "Observation arc", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Aphelion", "value": "3.0998 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion", "text": "Aphelion", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit", "text": "AU", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Perihelion", "value": "2.6514 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion", "text": "Perihelion", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Semi-major axis", "value": "2.8756 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes", "text": "Semi-major axis", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Eccentricity", "value": "0.0780", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity", "text": "Eccentricity", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Orbital period (sidereal)", "value": "4.88 yr (1,781 days)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period", "text": "Orbital period (sidereal)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)", "text": "yr", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Mean anomaly", "value": "21.771 °", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_anomaly", "text": "Mean anomaly", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)", "text": "°", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Mean motion", "value": "0° 12 m 7.56 s / day", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_motion", "text": "Mean motion", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Inclination", "value": "2.2793°", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination", "text": "Inclination", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Longitude of ascending node", "value": "160.64°", "links": [ { "url": 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Forefather is an English folk metal band from Surrey. They also incorporate elements of Viking metal and black metal. Since inception in 1997 the band has released seven studio albums.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_metal", "text": "folk metal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrey", "text": "Surrey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_metal", "text": "Viking metal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_metal", "text": "black metal", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Forefather was formed in September 1997 by brothers Wulfstan and Athelstan. 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1904–05 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Zora G. Clevenger, who was in his 1st year. The team played its home games at the Old Assembly Hall in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a first-time member of the Western Conference.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_(Bloomington)", "text": "Indiana University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zora_G._Clevenger", "text": "Zora G. Clevenger", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Hoosiers_men's_basketball#Facilities", "text": "Old Assembly Hall", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana", "text": "Bloomington, Indiana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference", "text": "Western Conference", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 5–12 and a conference record of 1–1.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1916 George Washington Hatchetites Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In their first season under head coach Thomas Sullivan, the team compiled a 3–3–1 record.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football", "text": "American football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University", "text": "George Washington University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_college_football_season", "text": "1916 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sullivan_(American_football)", "text": "Thomas Sullivan", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox college sports team season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1916 George Washington Hatchetites football", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Conference", "value": "Independent", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Record", "value": "3–3–1", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Head coach", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - Thomas Sullivan (1st season)\n" ], "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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{ "identifier": "42c3f83e-dc5f-4eb2-b1d0-11cbb921a843", "type": "update", "date_created": "2024-04-27T00:36:08.882511Z", "date_published": "2024-08-06T08:45:32.05237Z" }

"2023-12-18T13:38:05"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This article is about the particular significance of the year 1762 to Wales and its people.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales", "text": "Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_people", "text": "its people", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Incumbents", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey – Sir Nicholas Bayly, 2nd Baronet", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Anglesey", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Nicholas_Bayly,_2nd_Baronet", "text": "Sir Nicholas Bayly, 2nd Baronet", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire and Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire – Thomas Morgan", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Brecknockshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Monmouthshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morgan_(judge_advocate)", "text": "Thomas Morgan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire - Thomas Wynn", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Caernarvonshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wynn,_1st_Baron_Newborough", "text": "Thomas Wynn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Wilmot Vaughan, 3rd Viscount Lisburne (until 27 July); Wilmot Vaughan, 1st Earl of Lisburne (from 27 July)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Cardiganshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmot_Vaughan,_3rd_Viscount_Lisburne", "text": "Wilmot Vaughan, 3rd Viscount Lisburne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmot_Vaughan,_1st_Earl_of_Lisburne", "text": "Wilmot Vaughan, 1st Earl of Lisburne", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – George Rice", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Carmarthenshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Rice_(died_1779)", "text": "George Rice", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire – Richard Myddelton", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Denbighshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Myddelton_(1726–1795)", "text": "Richard Myddelton", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire – Sir Roger Mostyn, 5th Baronet", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Flintshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Roger_Mostyn,_5th_Baronet", "text": "Sir Roger Mostyn, 5th Baronet", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Other Windsor, 4th Earl of Plymouth", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Glamorgan", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other_Windsor,_4th_Earl_of_Plymouth", "text": "Other Windsor, 4th Earl of Plymouth", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire – William Vaughan", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Merionethshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vaughan_(MP)", "text": "William Vaughan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Montgomeryshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Powis", "text": "Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – Sir William Owen, 4th Baronet", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Pembrokeshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Owen,_4th_Baronet", "text": "Sir William Owen, 4th Baronet", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – Howell Gwynne", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Radnorshire", "text": "Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howell_Gwynne_(MP)", "text": "Howell Gwynne", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop of Bangor – John Egerton", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Bangor", "text": "Bishop of Bangor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Egerton_(bishop)", "text": "John Egerton", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop of Llandaff – Richard Newcome (until 9 July); John Ewer (from 28 December)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Llandaff", "text": "Bishop of Llandaff", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Newcome", "text": "Richard Newcome", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ewer", "text": "John Ewer", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop of St Asaph – Robert Hay Drummond (until June) Richard Newcome (from 9 July)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_St_Asaph", "text": "Bishop of St Asaph", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hay_Drummond", "text": "Robert Hay Drummond", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Newcome", "text": "Richard Newcome", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bishop of St Davids – Anthony Ellys (until 16 January) Samuel Squire (from 24 March)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_St_Davids", "text": "Bishop of St Davids", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Ellys", "text": "Anthony Ellys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Squire", "text": "Samuel Squire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis, leaves the Whig party.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Powis", "text": "Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Whig_Party", "text": "Whig", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Silvanus Bevan is elected a member of the Cymmrodorion.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvanus_Bevan", "text": "Silvanus Bevan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymmrodorion", "text": "Cymmrodorion", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Arts and literature", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "New books", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Thomas Edwards (Twm o'r Nant) – Tri Chydymaith Dyn", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edwards_(Twm_o'r_Nant)", "text": "Thomas Edwards (Twm o'r Nant)", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Oliver Goldsmith – The Life of Richard Nash", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Goldsmith", "text": "Oliver Goldsmith", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beau_Nash", "text": "Richard Nash", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "William Williams Pantycelyn – Pantheologia, neu Hanes Holl Grefyddau’r Byd", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Williams_Pantycelyn", "text": "William Williams Pantycelyn", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Music", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "William Williams Pantycelyn – Mor o Wydr (including \"Gweddi am Nerth i fyned trwy anialwch y Byd\", the Welsh original of the hymn \" Cwm Rhondda \")", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Williams_Pantycelyn", "text": "William Williams Pantycelyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwm_Rhondda", "text": "Cwm Rhondda", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "12 August – George, Prince of Wales, later King George IV (died 1830)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_August", "text": "12 August", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom", "text": "George, Prince of Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1830_in_Wales", "text": "1830", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11 October – David Charles, hymn-writer (died 1834)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_October", "text": "11 October", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Charles_(hymn-writer)", "text": "David Charles", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1834_in_Wales", "text": "1834", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown Samuel Homfray, iron-master (died 1822) William Jones, bookseller, religious writer, and member of the Scotch Baptist church in Finsbury, London. (died 1846) John Williams, evangelical cleric (died 1802)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Homfray", "text": "Samuel Homfray", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1822_in_Wales", "text": "1822", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jones_(1762–1846)", "text": "William Jones", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_Baptist", "text": "Scotch Baptist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsbury", "text": "Finsbury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1846_in_Wales", "text": "1846", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Williams_(evangelical_cleric)", "text": "John Williams", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1802_in_Wales", "text": "1802", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Samuel Homfray, iron-master (died 1822)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Homfray", "text": "Samuel Homfray", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1822_in_Wales", "text": "1822", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "William Jones, bookseller, religious writer, and member of the Scotch Baptist church in Finsbury, London. (died 1846)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jones_(1762–1846)", "text": "William Jones", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_Baptist", "text": "Scotch Baptist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsbury", "text": "Finsbury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1846_in_Wales", "text": "1846", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "John Williams, evangelical cleric (died 1802)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Williams_(evangelical_cleric)", "text": "John Williams", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1802_in_Wales", "text": "1802", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "3 February – Beau Nash, leader of fashion, 87", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_February", "text": "3 February", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beau_Nash", "text": "Beau Nash", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "2 May – John Salusbury, diarist, 54", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_May", "text": "2 May", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Salusbury_(diarist)", "text": "John Salusbury", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "2 May – Margaret Lloyd, Moravian worker and activist, 53", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_May", "text": "2 May", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Lloyd_(Moravian)", "text": "Margaret Lloyd", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Year in Wales header", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": null, "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1761_in_Wales", "text": "1761", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1760_in_Wales", "text": "1760", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1759_in_Wales", "text": "1759", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1758_in_Wales", "text": "1758", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1757_in_Wales", "text": "1757", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1762", "text": "1762", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales", "text": "Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1763_in_Wales", "text": "1763", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1764_in_Wales", "text": "1764", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1765_in_Wales", "text": "1765", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766_in_Wales", "text": "1766", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1767_in_Wales", "text": "1767", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_map_of_Wales.svg/80px-Flag_map_of_Wales.svg.png", "width": 80, "height": 80, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "← 1761 1760 1759 1758 1757 1762 in Wales → 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1761_in_Wales", "text": "1761", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1760_in_Wales", "text": "1760", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1759_in_Wales", "text": "1759", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1758_in_Wales", "text": "1758", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1757_in_Wales", "text": "1757", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1762", "text": "1762", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales", "text": "Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1763_in_Wales", "text": "1763", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1764_in_Wales", "text": "1764", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1765_in_Wales", "text": "1765", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766_in_Wales", "text": "1766", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1767_in_Wales", "text": "1767", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_map_of_Wales.svg/80px-Flag_map_of_Wales.svg.png", "width": 80, "height": 80, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "name": "Centuries", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - 16th\n - 17th\n - 18th\n - 19th\n - 20th\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Decades", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - 1740s\n - 1750s\n - 1760s\n - 1770s\n - 1780s\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "See also", "value": "List of years in Wales Timeline of Welsh history", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_years_in_Wales", "text": "List of years in Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wales", "text": "Timeline of Welsh history", "images": null } ], "values": [ " - 1762 in\n - Great Britain\n", " - \n - Scotland\n - Elsewhere\n" ], "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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{ "identifier": "b72bc2ef-e344-4efc-ad94-9b2b34623343", "type": "update", "date_created": "2024-04-23T02:50:21.851991Z", "date_published": "2024-08-06T08:45:24.61816Z" }

"2009-03-14T18:07:41"

"2024-04-23T02:50:21"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Ningbo incident (Chinese: 寧波之亂; Japanese: 寧波の乱) was a 1523 brawl between trade representatives of two Japanese daimyō clans — the Ōuchi and the Hosokawa — in the Ming Chinese city of Ningbo. The Ōuchi pillaged and harmed local residents, causing massive damage. The turmoil resulted in the interruption of the Ming-Japanese trade and led to a surge in piratical (wokou) activity on the Chinese coast. The episode is also known by the names Ningbo tribute conflict (寧波争貢事件), Mingzhou incident (明州之亂), or the Sōsetsu incident (宗設之亂).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language", "text": "Chinese", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language", "text": "Japanese", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyō", "text": "daimyō", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ōuchi_clan", "text": "Ōuchi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosokawa_clan", "text": "Hosokawa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty", "text": "Ming Chinese", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningbo", "text": "Ningbo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wokou", "text": "wokou", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Ming China considered Japan a tributary state in its Sinocentric world order. Under the Ming tributary system, Japan could present tribute to the Chinese imperial court and be rewarded in the form of gifts by the emperor. This was essentially an exchange of Japanese products for Chinese goods, and, being the only legal form of trade between China and Japan during the Ming's maritime prohibitions, was extremely profitable. The Japanese were assigned the city of Ningbo as their port of entry into China, and only those with tallies granted by the emperor were officially allowed to travel and trade within the boundaries of China. Hence, the Ming-Japan trade was called the \"tally trade\" (勘合貿易, kangō bōeki in Japanese and kānhé màoyì in Chinese).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinocentric", "text": "Sinocentric", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Chinese_tributary_system", "text": "tributary system", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haijin", "text": "maritime prohibitions", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tally_stick", "text": "tallies", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The handling of the tally trade on the Japanese side was the responsibility of the \"King of Japan\", as the Chinese called the Ashikaga shōgun. However, after the Ōnin War broke out in Japan in 1467, the Ashikaga shōguns were reduced to such powerlessness that control of the lucrative China trade became contested between the nominal Ashikaga vassals the Hosokawa clan in Kyoto and the Ōuchi clan of Yamaguchi.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate", "text": "Ashikaga shōgun", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ōnin_War", "text": "Ōnin War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto", "text": "Kyoto", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaguchi_Prefecture", "text": "Yamaguchi", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "The tribute conflict", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In May 1523, trade fleets from both the Hosokawa and the Ōuchi clans arrived in Ningbo. The Ōuchi delegation, led by Kendō Sōsetsu (謙道宗設), carried the most up-to-date tally from the Zhengde Emperor and reached Ningbo before the Hosokawa delegation led by Rankō Zuisa (鸞岡端佐) and Song Suqing, who carried the outdated tallies of Zhengde's predecessor Hongzhi. Despite this, Song Suqing was able to use his connections to bribe the head eunuch of the Office of Shipping Trade (市舶司), Lai En (賴恩), so the Hosokawa party was received first and got preferential treatment. Enraged, the Ōuchi party went up in arms, killed Rankō Zuisa, burned the Hosokawa ship, and chased Song Suqing to the walls of Shaoxing. Failing to find Song Suqing there, the armed band burned and plundered their way back to Ningbo. They kidnapped a garrison commander Yuan Jin (袁璡) and made off to sea on commandeered ships. A Ming flotilla gave chase under the command of Liu Jin (劉錦), the Regional Commissioner against the Wo (備倭都指揮), but the Ōuchi party defeated them in battle and killed the commander.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhengde_Emperor", "text": "Zhengde Emperor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Suqing", "text": "Song Suqing", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongzhi_Emperor", "text": "Hongzhi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaoxing", "text": "Shaoxing", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Aftermath", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "One of Kendō Sōsetsu's ships was blown to the coast of Joseon Korea by storm during their escape. Joseon Korea, being an ally of Ming China, killed 30 of the crew and captured two prisoners, Nakabayashi (中林) and Magotaro (望古多羅), who were handed over to China. In China, Nakabayashi and Magotaro were subjected to investigation along with Song Suqing. Song Suqing claimed that the Ōuchi had stolen their tallies, leaving them no choice but to use the outdated tallies; however, the Ministry of Rites deemed Song Suqing's words untrustworthy. In 1525, all three were sentenced to death, but they had all languished and died in prison before the sentence was carried out. A Ryukyu envoy was instructed to relay a message to Japan urging the rendition of Kendō Sōsetsu and the return of Yuan Jin and other captive coastal inhabitants, otherwise China would close its ports to Japan and consider a punitive expedition.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_Korea", "text": "Joseon Korea", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Rites", "text": "Ministry of Rites", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyu", "text": "Ryukyu", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Chinese investigation also uncovered the extent of the corruption involving foreign trade by Lai En and his henchmen. For these reasons, the port of Ningbo was closed to foreign trade, but Lai En retained his post until 1527 and actually had his powers expanded to deal with military emergencies. Although Japan continued to send tributary fleets to Ningbo, only two more (sent by the Ōuchi) were received in 1540 and 1549, after which the downfall of the Ōuchi family ended the official Ming-Japan trade. The cessation of foreign trade at Ningbo turned local merchants wishing to trade with the Japanese and other foreigners to engage in illicit trading on the offshore islands like Shuangyu. Some Chinese merchants and influential families began to owe the foreigners huge sums of debt as a result of this unregulated trade, which they would try to clear by informing the authorities to militarily clamp down on the illegal trade centers. To protect their goods and recover their losses, the participants of the foreign trade armed themselves against the Ming military and engaged in piratical and smuggling activities. This led to the widespread Jiajing wokou raids that terrorized the coast of China in the 1550s.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tainei-ji_incident", "text": "downfall of the Ōuchi family", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuangyu", "text": "Shuangyu", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiajing_wokou_raids", "text": "Jiajing wokou raids", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2023-02-21T21:59:03"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 27 September 1906, electing the country's first Parliament. The result was a victory for the People's Party, the first political group in Montenegro, which won 51 seats.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro", "text": "Montenegro", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Party_(Montenegro,_1906)", "text": "People's Party", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Electoral system", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The elections were held under the electoral law passed on 24 June. The new National Assembly of Montenegro (parliament) consisted of 62 elected members (6 from small towns and 56 from captaincies) and 14 appointees.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro", "text": "National Assembly of Montenegro", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy", "text": "captaincies", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Aftermath", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The newly elected Parliament met for the first time in Cetinje on 31 October. Šako Petrović-Njegoš was elected as the first President of the Parliament.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetinje", "text": "Cetinje", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Šako_Petrović-Njegoš", "text": "Šako Petrović-Njegoš", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Parliament_of_Montenegro", "text": "President", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Following the elections, the People's Party formed the first party-led government with Marko Radulović as Prime Minister. In February 1907, Andrija Radović, also a People's Party member, replaced Radulović as the head of the government.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marko_Radulović_(politician)", "text": "Marko Radulović", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro", "text": "Prime Minister", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija_Radović", "text": "Andrija Radović", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2023-08-10T14:15:04"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1841.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport", "text": "rail transport", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "March events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 1 – Opening throughout of the Manchester and Leeds Railway, the first to cross the Pennines of England (via Summit Tunnel).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_and_Leeds_Railway", "text": "Manchester and Leeds Railway", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennines", "text": "Pennines", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England", "text": "England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summit_Tunnel", "text": "Summit Tunnel", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 29 – The Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway opened between Glasgow Bridge Street railway station and Greenock.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow,_Paisley_and_Greenock_Railway", "text": "Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow_Bridge_Street_railway_station", "text": "Glasgow Bridge Street railway station", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "May events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "May – James Bowen succeeds Eleazer Lord as president of the Erie Railroad.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bowen_(railroad_executive)", "text": "James Bowen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleazer_Lord", "text": "Eleazer Lord", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Railroad", "text": "Erie Railroad", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "June events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 14 – The first section of the Bristol and Exeter Railway 's main line is opened between Bristol and Bridgwater in England.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_and_Exeter_Railway", "text": "Bristol and Exeter Railway", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol", "text": "Bristol", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgwater", "text": "Bridgwater", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 30 – Great Western Railway of England completed throughout between London and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, including Box Tunnel.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Western_Railway", "text": "Great Western Railway", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England", "text": "England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London", "text": "London", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Temple_Meads_railway_station", "text": "Bristol Temple Meads railway station", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_Tunnel", "text": "Box Tunnel", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "July events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 5 – Thomas Cook arranges his first excursion, taking 570 temperance campaigners on the Midland Counties Railway from Leicester to a rally in Loughborough, England.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cook", "text": "Thomas Cook", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperance_movement", "text": "temperance", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland_Counties_Railway", "text": "Midland Counties Railway", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester", "text": "Leicester", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loughborough", "text": "Loughborough", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England", "text": "England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 7 – Opening of the railway from Bordeaux to La Teste in France.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux", "text": "Bordeaux", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "September events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 19 – Inauguration of first international railway line (between Strasbourg (France) and Basel (Switzerland), but with a terminus in Basel; first continuous line October 15, 1843, between Antwerp (Belgium) and Köln (Germany)).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg", "text": "Strasbourg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel", "text": "Basel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland", "text": "Switzerland", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 21 – The London and Brighton Railway is opened throughout, 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Cuphead is a title character from the 2017 video game Cuphead. He alongside his brother Mugman served as the main protagonists in which they lose a game of dice against the devil and they made a deal with the Devil. He was created by Chad Moldenhaiuer to replace their placeholder character in which Chad and Jared Moldenhauer has brainstormed and sketch lots of character ideas.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_character", "text": "title character", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game", "text": "video game", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuphead", "text": "Cuphead", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deal_with_the_Devil", "text": "a deal with the Devil", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Cuphead has generally positively received, with one of the critics comparing him and his brother to Mario and Luigi. Cuphead would also appeared in other games including Super Smash Bros. Ultimate.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario", "text": "Mario", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi", "text": "Luigi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros._Ultimate", "text": "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Conception and characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "During the early development of the game, Studio MDHR needed a main character to replace a “little weird green guy” with a hat they been using as a placeholder according to Jared Moldenhauer. The team brainstormed lots of 1930's-themed concepts while his brother Chad Moldenhauer started paying attention to the backgrounds in the old cartoons, instead of the characters. Moldenhauer also designed few concept sketches of the character which started with simple ideas based on people and animals, but soon realized that these designs were common in classic animation works. Chad and Jared Moldenhauer began designing the character's head look like a light bulb, a cactus, and a fishbowl and existing characters from retro video games and old cartoons as inspiration. Chad elaborated during the brainstorming process, jested to draw something like an anvil for a head however, the two couldn't remember the exact object of inspiration. Chad randomly tried drawing a character with a cup as it head and Jared found the design was \"a lot skinnier and spindlier.\" Once him and Jared Moldenhauer came up with the character, they knew that they had something special.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cactus", "text": "cactus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvil", "text": "anvil", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Cuphead's gloves are coloured white while sometimes, it was yellow due of characters from the golden age of American animation such as Mickey Mouse also having his gloves sometimes white and yellow according to TheGamer writer Sean Murray. Tru Valentino got the audition from his agent to voiced Cuphead for The Cuphead Show. Since the character doesn't speak in the original game, in an interview with Valentino alongside with Frank Todaro and CBR writer Sam Stone, who he asked the two if have the benefit of having a relatively blank canvas however, Valentino said that it had to be an East Coast kind of vibe.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_age_of_American_animation", "text": "golden age of American animation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Mouse", "text": "Mickey Mouse", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cuphead_Show!", "text": "The Cuphead Show", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources", "text": "CBR", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Appearances", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Cuphead first appeared in 2017 video game Cuphead as the main protagonist and player character who him and his brother Mugman lose a game of dice against the Devil and have to saved their own souls by collecting soul contracts from bosses. By the end of the game, the two manages to complete their goals by defeated all of the bosses and their soul contacts. In Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, Cuphead appeared as a costume for the playable Mii Gunner character which was released as downloadable content on January 28, 2020. He also appeared in 2020 video game Fall Guys as one of the player's costume. Cuphead has appeared in the animated televison series The Cuphead Show.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuphead", "text": "Cuphead", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros._Ultimate", "text": "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mii", "text": "Mii", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downloadable_content", "text": "downloadable content", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_Guys", "text": "Fall Guys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cuphead_Show!", "text": "The Cuphead Show", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Reception", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Cuphead has received generally positive reception, with Nintendo Life writer Jim Norman noting like other video game characters, Cuphead was immortalised into a Nendoroid figure. Screen Rant writer Kayla Singleton described Cuphead as \"playful riffraff\" and noticed that his sense of right and wrong is a \"bit blurry\" to him. Despite of his reckless action, he will do anything to protect his family. Cuphead alongside with Mugman has share a lot in common with Mario and Luigi from the Mario franchise according to Game Rant writer Carlos Zotomayor from both of them are brothers, their behaviors, aesthetics, gameplay, and lore significance. He wrote on the article that Cuphead's influence of Mario and Luigi helped make him stand out from other video game protagonists.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Life", "text": "Nintendo Life", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nendoroid", "text": "Nendoroid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Rant", "text": "Screen Rant", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario", "text": "Mario", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi", "text": "Luigi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_(franchise)", "text": "Mario franchise", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Game Informer writer Ben Hanson wrote that the game's co-creator Jared Moldenhauer jested in an interview with Nintendo 's manager Kirk Scott about how badly he wanted to see Cuphead and Mugman in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. Moldenhauer has dreamed of the game and acknowledged that \" belong in there. So basically if fans want it, He couldn’t see how Nintendo wouldn’t want the fans to get what they wanted.\" Scott asked Moldenhauer of which characters would most likely to go against Cuphead in the game and he answered Ice Climbers.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Informer", "text": "Game Informer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo", "text": "Nintendo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros._Ultimate", "text": "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Climber", "text": "Ice Climbers", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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Italian noble (d. 1508)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_12", "text": "February 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_II_Bentivoglio", "text": "Giovanni II Bentivoglio", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1508", "text": "1508", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 23 – Matthias Corvinus, of Hungary (d. 1490)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_23", "text": "February 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus", "text": "Matthias Corvinus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1490", "text": "1490", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 17 – Edmund, Earl of Rutland, brother of Kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (d. 1460)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_17", "text": "May 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland", "text": "Edmund, Earl of Rutland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England", "text": "Edward IV of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England", "text": "Richard III of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1460", "text": "1460", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 29 – Victor, Duke of Münsterberg, Reichsgraf, Duke of Münsterberg and Opava, Count of Glatz (d. 1500)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_29", "text": "May 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor,_Duke_of_Münsterberg", "text": "Victor, Duke of Münsterberg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1500", "text": "1500", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 31 or 1441 – Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, English noble, mother of King Henry VII, grandmother of King Henry VIII of England (d. 1509)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_31", "text": "May 31", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1441", "text": "1441", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Beaufort,_Countess_of_Richmond_and_Derby", "text": "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1509", "text": "1509", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 29 – Anthony Browne, English knight (d. 1506)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_29", "text": "June 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Browne_(died_1506)", "text": "Anthony Browne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1506", "text": "1506", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 9 – Muhammad Jaunpuri (d. 1505)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_9", "text": "September 9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Jaunpuri", "text": "Muhammad Jaunpuri", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1505", "text": "1505", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 10 – Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, Germany noble (d. 1511)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_10", "text": "November 10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_III_of_Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein", "text": "Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1511", "text": "1511", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 1 – Magdalena of France, French princess and regent of Navarre (d. 1495)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1", "text": "December 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_of_France", "text": "Magdalena of France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1495", "text": "1495", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 5 – Pope Julius II (d. 1513)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_5", "text": "December 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Julius_II", "text": "Pope Julius II", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1513", "text": "1513", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "probable Piero del Pollaiuolo, Italian painter (d. 1496) Ygo Gales Galama, Frisian warlord and freedom fighting rebel (d. 1492)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_del_Pollaiuolo", "text": "Piero del Pollaiuolo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1496", "text": "1496", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ygo_Gales_Galama", "text": "Ygo Gales Galama", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492", "text": "1492", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Piero del Pollaiuolo, Italian painter (d. 1496)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_del_Pollaiuolo", "text": "Piero del Pollaiuolo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1496", "text": "1496", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ygo Gales Galama, Frisian warlord and freedom fighting rebel (d. 1492)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ygo_Gales_Galama", "text": "Ygo Gales Galama", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492", "text": "1492", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 16 – Erasmo of Narni, Italian mercenary (b. 1370)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_16", "text": "January 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmo_of_Narni", "text": "Erasmo of Narni", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 28 – Robert le Maçon, Chancellor of France", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_28", "text": "January 28", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_le_Maçon", "text": "Robert le Maçon", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February – Guidantonio da Montefeltro, count of Urbino (b. 1377)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidantonio_da_Montefeltro", "text": "Guidantonio da Montefeltro", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 24 – James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas (b. 1371)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_24", "text": "March 24", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Douglas,_7th_Earl_of_Douglas", "text": "James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 12 – Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_12", "text": "April 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Chichele", "text": "Henry Chichele", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury", "text": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May – John II, Count of Nassau-Siegen", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_II,_Count_of_Nassau-Siegen", "text": "John II, Count of Nassau-Siegen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 9 – Niccolò Albergati, Italian cardinal and diplomat (b. 1373)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_9", "text": "May 9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccolò_Albergati", "text": "Niccolò Albergati", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 5 – Ferdinand the Holy Prince of Portugal (b. 1402)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_5", "text": "June 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_the_Holy_Prince", "text": "Ferdinand the Holy Prince", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 16 – Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1434)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_16", "text": "August 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshikatsu", "text": "Ashikaga Yoshikatsu", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 18 – Lewis of Luxembourg, Archbishop of Rouen", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_18", "text": "September 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_of_Luxembourg", "text": "Lewis of Luxembourg", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown – Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal Jelena Balšić, Serbian duchess (b. 1366)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogo,_Constable_of_Portugal", "text": "Diogo, Constable of Portugal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena_Balšić", "text": "Jelena Balšić", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Jelena Balšić, Serbian duchess (b. 1366)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena_Balšić", "text": "Jelena Balšić", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "probable – Zeami Motokiyo, Japanese actor and playwright (b. 1363)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeami_Motokiyo", "text": "Zeami Motokiyo", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Year nav", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Millennium", "value": "2nd millennium", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia", "text": "Millennium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_millennium", "text": "2nd millennium", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Centuries", "value": "14th century 15th century 16th century", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia", "text": "Centuries", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century", "text": "14th century", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century", "text": "15th century", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century", "text": "16th century", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Decades", "value": "1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s 1460s", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia", "text": "Decades", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1420s", "text": "1420s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1430s", "text": "1430s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1440s", "text": "1440s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1450s", "text": "1450s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1460s", "text": "1460s", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Years", "value": "1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_years", "text": "Years", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1440", "text": "1440", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1441", "text": "1441", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1442", "text": "1442", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1443", "text": "1443", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1444", "text": "1444", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1445", "text": "1445", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1446", "text": "1446", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "infobox", "name": "C15 year in topic", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Gregorian calendar", "value": "1443 MCDXLIII", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar", "text": "Gregorian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Ab urbe condita", "value": "2196", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita", "text": "Ab urbe condita", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Armenian calendar", "value": "892 ԹՎ ՊՂԲ", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_calendar", "text": "Armenian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Assyrian calendar", "value": "6193", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_calendar", "text": "Assyrian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Balinese saka calendar", "value": "1364–1365", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar", "text": "Balinese saka calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Bengali calendar", "value": "850", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_calendar", "text": "Bengali calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Berber calendar", "value": "2393", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_calendar", "text": "Berber calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "English Regnal year", "value": "21 Hen. 6 – 22 Hen. 6", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_monarchs", "text": "English Regnal year", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England", "text": "Hen. 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England", "text": "Hen. 6", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Buddhist calendar", "value": "1987", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_calendar", "text": "Buddhist calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Burmese calendar", "value": "805", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_calendar", "text": "Burmese calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Byzantine calendar", "value": "6951–6952", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendar", "text": "Byzantine calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Chinese calendar", "value": "壬戌 年 (Water Dog) 4140 or 3933 — to — 癸亥年 (Water Pig) 4141 or 3934", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar", "text": "Chinese calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle", "text": "壬戌", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)", "text": "Dog", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)", "text": "Pig", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Coptic calendar", "value": "1159–1160", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_calendar", "text": "Coptic calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discordian calendar", "value": "2609", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discordian_calendar", "text": "Discordian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Ethiopian calendar", "value": "1435–1436", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar", "text": "Ethiopian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Hebrew calendar", "value": "5203–5204", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar", "text": "Hebrew calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Hindu calendars", "value": "Hindu calendars", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_calendar", "text": "Hindu calendars", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "- Vikram Samvat", "value": "1499–1500", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikram_Samvat", "text": "Vikram Samvat", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "- Shaka Samvat", "value": "1364–1365", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_national_calendar", "text": "Shaka Samvat", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "- Kali Yuga", "value": "4543–4544", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Yuga", "text": "Kali Yuga", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Holocene calendar", "value": "11443", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_calendar", "text": "Holocene calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Igbo calendar", "value": "443–444", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_calendar", "text": "Igbo calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Iranian calendar", "value": "821–822", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_calendars", "text": "Iranian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Islamic calendar", "value": "846–847", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendar", "text": "Islamic calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Japanese calendar", "value": "Kakitsu 3 (嘉吉３年)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_calendar", "text": "Japanese calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakitsu", "text": "Kakitsu", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Javanese calendar", "value": "1358–1359", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_calendar", "text": "Javanese calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Julian calendar", "value": "1443 MCDXLIII", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar", "text": "Julian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Korean calendar", "value": "3776", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_calendar", "text": "Korean calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Minguo calendar", "value": "469 before ROC 民前469年", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minguo_calendar", "text": "Minguo calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912–1949)", "text": "ROC", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Nanakshahi calendar", "value": "−25", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar", "text": "Nanakshahi calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Thai solar calendar", "value": "1985–1986", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar", "text": "Thai solar calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Tibetan calendar", "value": "阳水狗年 (male Water- Dog) 1569 or 1188 or 416 — to — 阴水猪年 (female Water- Pig) 1570 or 1189 or 417", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_calendar", "text": "Tibetan calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)", "text": "Dog", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)", "text": "Pig", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Smuggling of fentanyl from China has been a major contributor to the opioid epidemic in the United States since the 1990s. While China has relatively low domestic drug usage due to stricter drug laws, regulations around the production and export of drug precursors like fentanyl remain relatively lax. The Chinese government has long denied it is the main source of fentanyl to the United States, blaming the U.S. market's role in driving opioid demand, and rebuffing US's attempts for it to enforce regulations, saying it is a US domestic issue. The issue has put a major strain in China–United States relations.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl", "text": "fentanyl", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States", "text": "opioid epidemic in the United States", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl", "text": "fentanyl", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid", "text": "opioid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China–United_States_relations", "text": "China–United States relations", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "China as a source", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "For years, China has been the primary source of fentanyl and its derivatives imported into the United States. A March 2019 investigative report by the Washington Post titled \"The Fentanyl Failure\" found that the Obama administration failed to grasp the role Chinese producers played in the fentanyl crisis and the magnitude of the epidemic itself. According to Canadian authorities, Fentanyl importers have been linked to a Chinese mainland criminal gang known as the Big Circle Boys, which reportedly corrupts officials in Southern China.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl", "text": "fentanyl", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_administration", "text": "Obama administration", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Circle_Boys", "text": "Big Circle Boys", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2018, deputy head of China's National Narcotics Commission Liu Yuejin criticized the U.S. market's role in driving opioid demand.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Trump administration efforts", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In September 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump said he would ask Chinese leader Xi Jinping, in their planned December 1st meeting at the G20 summit, for China to add fentanyl to a \"restricted category\" of drugs. In their meeting, President Xi reportedly pledged to designate fentanyl a controlled substance in China, in what was described as an unprecedented move signaling China's willingness to cooperate with the United States on restricting the flow of the synthetic drugs. Trump declared it a \"game changer\". and US treasury secretary Steve Mnuchin called it a \"very, very big deal.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump", "text": "Donald Trump", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_G20_Buenos_Aires_summit", "text": "G20 summit", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_substance", "text": "controlled substance", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Mnuchin", "text": "Steve Mnuchin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "After a dinner at the 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit that also led to a temporary truce in the ongoing trade war between the two nations, President Donald Trump praised Chinese President Xi Jinping's pledge to strengthen China's efforts to curb fentanyl exports to the U.S. In a subsequent statement, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi detailed that the agreement includes stricter supervision and regulatory revisions concerning fentanyl, alongside improved collaboration with U.S. law enforcement.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_G20_Buenos_Aires_summit", "text": "2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Six months later, China said it would place a blanket ban on fentanyl-related substances and variants May 1st, and U.S. and Chinese negotiators met in Beijing and Washington to hammer out a deal to present to Presidents Xi and Trump.In a press conference announcing the new regulations, Liu Yuejin of the China National Narcotics Control Commission (NNCC) said the U.S. concerns about unregulated production and export were \"resolved, all resolved\", reiterating the Chinese government's long-standing position that U.S. drug culture and overprescription by doctors were to blame for the crisis, saying that contrary to U.S. law enforcement allegations, opioid shipments from China to the United States were \"extremely limited\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Narcotics_Control_Commission?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "China National Narcotics Control Commission", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In August 2019, Trump accused Xi of failing to meet his promise to stop the sale of fentanyl to the United States, after months of praising Xi for his pledges, and announcing a new round of tariffs after failed U.S.-China trade talks. In September 2019, Liu Yuejin of the NNCC that China and the United States had only \"limited\" cooperation in stopping fentanyl smuggling, reiterating previous denials that China is the primary source of fentanyl smuggled into the United States, saying \"what Trump said is completely groundless and untrue\".", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In November 2019, the NNCC held a press conference about a joint operation between US and Chinese authorities cracking down on fentanyl smugglers.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "According to a 2020 report from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, fentanyl shipments into the U.S. dropped since the ban.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Drug_Enforcement_Administration", "text": "United States Drug Enforcement Administration", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Shift to Mexico", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In a report published by The Wire China, the redirection of fentanyl production to Latin America, particularly Mexico, marked a significant evolution in drug trafficking dynamics. According to a 2020 DEA intelligence report on fentanyl flow to the United States, China has strategically shifted its opiate smuggling operations to South America in recent years, capitalizing on the region's extensive networks and porous borders. This move comes as a response to heightened global scrutiny and crackdowns on drug trafficking originating from China. Leveraging its economic and diplomatic ties with various South American countries, China has established clandestine routes and partnerships with local criminal organizations to facilitate the transportation of opiates, including heroin and synthetic opioids, to international markets. This shift not only allows China to evade detection and law enforcement efforts targeting its traditional smuggling routes but also enables it to diversify its illicit activities while maintaining a significant presence in the global drug trade.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On May 6, 2023, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced that Mexico has evidence of fentanyl shipments from China, following the interception of a container at the Pacific port of Lázaro Cárdenas, and reiterated requests for Chinese cooperation to halt these illegal deliveries.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrés_Manuel_López_Obrador", "text": "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On October 3, 2023, roadside banners in Sinaloa, allegedly signed by Los Chapitos, the sons of former drug lord Joaquin \"El Chapo\" Guzman, declared a ban on the production, sale, and transportation of fentanyl within the state, although analysts remained skeptical of the group's commitment to ceasing such a lucrative trade.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinaloa", "text": "Sinaloa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_\"El_Chapo\"_Guzman", "text": "Joaquin \"El Chapo\" Guzman", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "US sanctions Chinese and Mexican companies", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On May 30, 2023, The U.S. US Treasury Department imposed sanctions on over a dozen Chinese and Mexican companies, accusing them of providing equipment for manufacturing counterfeit fentanyl-laced pills, a key factor in America's opioid crisis.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On June 23, 2023, the U.S. Justice Department initiated criminal proceedings against four Chinese chemical manufacturing companies and eight individuals, accusing them of illegally trafficking the precursor chemicals necessary for producing fentanyl. This marked the first instance where the U.S. sought to legally address the role of Chinese suppliers in the fentanyl epidemic. The charges, outlined by Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco, represented a pivotal shift in U.S. strategy, focusing on disrupting the supply chain of precursor chemicals at its source, amid broader efforts to combat the synthetic opioid crisis.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On October 3, 2023, the U.S. Treasury imposed sanctions on 25 Chinese individuals and entities linked to fentanyl production and distribution, alongside sanctions against Canadian entities involved in importing drug-making chemicals. These actions, coupled with a series of indictments by the Department of Justice against Chinese groups and executives, highlight a concerted U.S. strategy to dismantle the global supply chain of synthetic opioids, particularly fentanyl. China criticised the sanctions as detrimental to bilateral anti-narcotics collaboration, amid broader geopolitical tensions affecting negotiations.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Biden administration era and Blinken, Yellen visits to China", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In a report on July 7 2013, the Biden administration was said to be intensifying efforts to engage China in combating the fentanyl crisis affecting the U.S., amidst broader geopolitical strains that have hindered collaborative drug interdiction efforts.Despite previous cooperation and China's 2019 ban on all fentanyl variants, geopolitical tensions over issues such as trade, human rights, and regional security have stalled progress, with the U.S. accusing China of inadequate control over fentanyl precursor chemicals.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden", "text": "Biden administration", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On a visit to Beijing on June 18, 2023, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken reportedly sought China's cooperation in curbing the production of fentanyl precursors during discussions that touched on various contentious issues. Blinken's diplomatic outreach aimed to restart cooperation, which had stalled due to geopolitical tensions and disagreements over drug trafficking responsibilities.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In a subsequent visit on July 6-9, US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen to Beijing aimed at stabilising the strained economic relations between the U.S. and China, building on the diplomatic groundwork laid by Secretary of State Antony Blinken in June. During her visit, Yellen engaged in discussions on key global challenges, aiming to responsibly manage bilateral tensions and reaffirm the U.S.'s commitment to not seeking economic advantages or decoupling from China, despite ongoing concerns over national security and human rights. Her agenda focused on fostering direct communication and cooperation on challenges such as climate change and international debt crises, highlighting the importance of a balanced economic relationship and mutual economic prosperity.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On July 24, 2023 The Biden administration reportedly considered lifting sanctions on a Chinese police forensics institute implicated in human rights abuses to regain Beijing's cooperation in addressing the fentanyl crisis. During a July 2023 visit, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken had proposed creating a working group to revive discussions on fentanyl, but Chinese officials insisted that the U.S. first remove sanctions on the institute as a prerequisite for resuming joint narcotics control efforts.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In November 22023, China and the US were to reported to be set to finalize a deal to crack down on the export of chemicals used to make fentanyl at an upcoming summit between Presidents Joe Biden and Xi Jinping, marking a significant move in efforts to curb the opioid crisis in the US. After their meeting in California, President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping announced a new agreement whereby China will instruct its chemical companies to reduce shipments of materials used to produce fentanyl, a step recognized as significant but not sufficient to solve the U.S. overdose crisis.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "2024 U.S. House Panel report", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In a report published on April 16, 2024, the US Select Committee on the CCP accused China of exacerbating the fentanyl crisis in America by subsidising the production of precursor chemicals used in making the drug, intended for sale outside China, which contributes significantly to U.S. overdose deaths. The report highlights discrepancies between China's stated cooperation on narcotics and its actions, including tax rebates to producers of specific fentanyl precursors and the Chinese government's alleged interference with U.S. investigations by alerting potential targets.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Strategic_Competition_between_the_United_States_and_the_Chinese_Communist_Party", "text": "US Select Committee on the CCP", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2023-11-09T17:08:39"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1926–27 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season was the 24th season of play for the program. The team was coached by Ray Marchand in his 4th season.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Marchand", "text": "Ray Marchand", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "With more than half of the previous year's team having graduated, coach Marchand had his work cut out for him in rebuilding the team. With 12 games on the schedule, Army was hoping to improve upon their poor record from '26, however, the weather was particularly harsh this season. High temperatures and inclement conditions, including snow, rain and hail, ruined what could have been a decent season for the Cadets. In the end, Army had to cancel 8 games.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "With so many new faces, Army was outplayed in their first game of the season and soundly beaten by MIT, 0–7. Delays and cancellations forced the team to the sidelines for over three weeks before their next match but even through the difficulties, they performed well against one of the top teams in the country. While the ice was soft, the Cadets weren't and Army recovered from an early 1–3 deficit to tie Clarkson by the end of the second period. McNamara gave the team a lead in the final frame but they couldn't stop Tech from equaling and the two needed overtime to settle the match. The two fought furiously to score for the first 4 minutes of the extra period, unfortunately it was Clarkson who netted a goal. The Greens then pulled back and played defense for the final 6 minutes, preventing Army from getting a good shot at tying the game. Amherst arrived in town a few weeks later and the two played an even game. they were so equally matched that after 2 overtime periods neither could net a winner so they had to settle for a tie.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Engineers", "text": "MIT", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_men's_ice_hockey", "text": "Clarkson", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "For Army's final game of the year, they travelled north to Kingston to face the Royal Military College Paladins. Their Canadian counterparts kept their series winning streak alive with another easy victory, though Army did play better than the final score would indicate.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario", "text": "Kingston", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Military_College_Paladins", "text": "Royal Military College Paladins", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This season had one of the fewest number of games for Army's hockey team in its history and would serve as an impetus for the academy to build a more permanent home for the program.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Joseph Cox served as the team's manager with John Oakes as his assistant.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Roster", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule and Results", "has_parts": null } ]

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"2023-08-16T04:23:16"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1906 Montana football team represented the University of Montana in the 1906 college football season. They were led by second-year head coach Frederick Schule, and finished the season with a record of two wins and four losses (2–4).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Montana", "text": "University of Montana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_college_football_season", "text": "1906 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Schule", "text": "Frederick Schule", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2023-07-02T09:59:24"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 3 and 4 October 1925. The Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party remained the largest party, winning 32 of the 100 seats.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia", "text": "Latvia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Social_Democratic_Workers'_Party", "text": "Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Electoral system", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "For the elections the country was divided into five constituencies, electing a total of 97 MPs using proportional representation. The three remaining seats were awarded to the parties with the highest vote totals that had failed to win a seat in any of the five constituencies.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The list system used was made flexible, as voters were able to cross out candidates' names and replace them with names from other lists. However, only 26.03% of voters made any changes to the lists. To register a list for the election parties needed only collect 100 signatures. A total of 141 lists were registered, although only 93 competed.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox legislative election", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1925 Latvian parliamentary election", "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": null, "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia", "text": "Latvia", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png", "width": 50, "height": 50, "alternative_text": "Latvia" } ] } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png", "width": 50, "height": 50, "alternative_text": "Latvia", "caption": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "3–4 October 1925", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "3–4 October 1925", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "All 100 seats in the Saeima 51 seats needed for a majority", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeima", "text": "Saeima", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Turnout", "value": "74.88%", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Social_Democratic_Workers'_Party", "text": "LSDSP", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jānis_Pliekšāns", "text": "Jānis Pliekšāns", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Farmers'_Union", "text": "LZS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kārlis_Ulmanis", "text": "Kārlis Ulmanis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latgalian_Christian_Peasant_and_Catholic_Party", "text": "LKZKP", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jāzeps_Rancāns?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Jāzeps Rancāns", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_the_German_Baltic_Parties", "text": "ADP", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Schiemann", "text": "Paul Schiemann", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Centre_(Latvia)", "text": "Democratic Centre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Social_Democrats_–_Mensheviks_and_Rural_Workers", "text": "SDML", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marģers_Skujenieks", "text": "Marģers Skujenieks", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Union_(Latvia)", "text": "National Union", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arveds_Bergs", "text": "Arveds Bergs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Believers_(Latvia)", "text": "Old Believers", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meletijs_Kaļistratovs?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Meletijs Kaļistratovs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latgalian_Progressive_Party?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "LPP", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Farmers'_Union", "text": "JS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oto_Nonācs?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Oto Nonācs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Catholic_Latvian_Union_of_Poles", "text": "ZPwŁ", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Wierzbicki?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Jan Wierzbicki", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latgalian_Farmer-Labour_Party", "text": "LDP", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezups_Trasuns?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Jezups Trasuns", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_National_Union_(Latvia)", "text": "KNS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavs_Reinhards?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Gustavs Reinhards", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Farmers-Small_Landowners_Party", "text": "LJSP", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ādolfs_Bļodnieks", "text": "Ādolfs 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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionist_Organization_Mizrachi", "text": "Mizrachi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordechai_Nurock", "text": "Mordechai Nurock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_of_the_Orthodox", "text": "Party of the Orthodox", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jānis_Pommers", "text": "Jānis Pommers", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Destroyed_Areas?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "IAKAS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latgalian_Non-Partisan_Union?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "LBS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceire_Cion", "text": "Ceire Cion", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Lazerson", "text": "Max Lazerson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/\"Bund\"_in_Latvia", "text": "Bund", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah_Meisel", "text": "Noah Meisel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Celmiņš", "text": "Hugo Celmiņš", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Farmers'_Union", "text": "LZS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kārlis_Ulmanis", "text": "Kārlis Ulmanis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Farmers'_Union", "text": "LZS", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Party Leader % Seats +/–", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "LSDSP Jānis Pliekšāns 31.37 32 +2", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Social_Democratic_Workers'_Party", "text": "LSDSP", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jānis_Pliekšāns", "text": "Jānis Pliekšāns", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1935 Calgary municipal election was held on November 20, 1935, to elect a Mayor and six Aldermen to sit on Calgary City Council. Along with positions on Calgary City Council, three trustees for the Public School Board, and three trustees for the Separate School Board were elected. Nominations closed on November 4, 1935.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Calgary", "text": "Mayor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary_City_Council", "text": "Calgary City Council", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary_Board_of_Education", "text": "Public School Board", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary_Catholic_School_District", "text": "Separate School Board", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Calgary City Council governed under \" Initiative, Referendum and Recall \" which is composed of a Mayor, Commissioner and twelve Aldermen all elected to staggered two year terms. Mayor Andrew Davison and six Aldermen: Douglas Cunnington, Frank Roy Freeze, William Ayer Lincoln, Robert Henry Parkyn, and Aylmer John Eggert Liesemer elected in 1934 continued in their positions.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_initiative", "text": "Initiative", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum", "text": "Referendum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_election", "text": "Recall", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staggered_elections", "text": "staggered", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Calgary", "text": "Mayor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Davison", "text": "Andrew Davison", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Cunnington", "text": "Douglas Cunnington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Parkyn", "text": "Robert Henry Parkyn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aylmer_Liesemer", "text": "Aylmer John Eggert Liesemer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Calgary_municipal_election", "text": "1934", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The election was held under the Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR) with the term for candidates being two years.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_transferable_vote", "text": "Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR)", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "W. R. Herbert contested the Mayor's seat for the Social Credit Party, which successfully swept the Legislative Assembly months earlier in the 1935 Alberta general election. Social Credit Premier William Aberhart had previously stated that he did not favour the Social Credit party entering municipal politics. During the campaign it came to light that Herbert's business \"Herbert Pain and Varnish Co., Ltd.\" was in three years in arrears for business tax and water service, however, Herbert was not disqualified.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta_Social_Credit_Party", "text": "Social Credit Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Alberta_general_election", "text": "1935 Alberta general election", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Aberhart", "text": "William Aberhart", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Alderman Fred J. White resigned halfway through his two-year term to content the Mayor's seat.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_J._White", "text": "Fred J. White", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Results from Calgary Daily Herald.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Mayor", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Least popular candidates were eliminated, their votes transferred, and Davison eventually accumulated a majority of votes to win the seat.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Council", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Quota for election was 3,313.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Public School Board", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The quota was 3,053", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2024-01-02T15:41:03"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 9 June 1935. The result was a victory for the People's Party – National Radical Party alliance, which won 287 of the 300 seats in Parliament.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece", "text": "Greece", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Party_(Greece)", "text": "People's Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Greece)", "text": "National Radical Party", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The elections were held in a climate of tension between the liberal Republicans, represented by the Venizelist parties, and the pro- royalist People's Party, following the failed Venizelist coup attempt in March. In protest at the execution of two prominent Venizelist generals, the continued function of special courts, and at the new electoral law, which they had not approved, all Venizelist parties decided not to participate. Without opponents, the right-wing parties had no problem in dominating the Parliament, whose role would be to adopt a new constitution and decide about the restoration of monarchy in the person of the exiled King George II.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism", "text": "Republicans", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchism", "text": "royalist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_coup_attempt_of_1935", "text": "coup attempt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venizelism", "text": "Venizelist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament", "text": "Parliament", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Greece", "text": "constitution", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Greece", "text": "George II", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2006-01-15T21:52:52"

"2024-04-23T17:51:10"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The booting process of Windows NT is the process run to start Windows NT. The process has been changed between releases, with the biggest changes being made with Windows Vista. In versions before Vista, the booting process begins when the BIOS loads the Windows NT bootloader, NTLDR. Starting with Vista, the booting process begins with either the BIOS or UEFI loading the Windows Boot Manager, which replaces NTLDR as the bootloader. Next, the bootloader starts the kernel, which starts the session manager, which begins the login process. Once the user is logged in, File Explorer, the graphical user interface used by Windows NT, is started.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT", "text": "Windows NT", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vista", "text": "Windows Vista", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS", "text": "BIOS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootloader", "text": "bootloader", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTLDR", "text": "NTLDR", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS", "text": "BIOS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFI", "text": "UEFI", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager", "text": "Windows Boot Manager", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntoskrnl.exe", "text": "kernel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_Manager_Subsystem", "text": "session manager", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winlogon", "text": "login process", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Explorer", "text": "File Explorer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface", "text": "graphical user interface", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT", "text": "Windows NT", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Windows Vista introduces a complete overhaul of the Windows operating system loader architecture. The earliest known reference to this revised architecture is included within PowerPoint slides distributed by Microsoft during the Windows Hardware Engineering Conference of 2004, when the operating system was codenamed as \"Longhorn\". This documentation mentions that the Windows operating system loader would be undergoing a significant restructuring in order to support EFI and to \"do some major overhaul of legacy code\". The new boot architecture completely replaces the NTLDR architecture used in previous versions of Windows NT.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPoint", "text": "PowerPoint", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft", "text": "Microsoft", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Engineering_Conference", "text": "Windows Hardware Engineering Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Firmware_Interface", "text": "EFI", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTLDR", "text": "NTLDR", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT", "text": "Windows NT", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Most of the steps that follow the NT kernel being loaded, including kernel initialization and user-space initialization, are kept the same as in earlier NT systems. Refactoring in Winlogon resulted in GINA being completely replaced by Credential Providers and graphical components in Windows Vista and later.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winlogon", "text": "Winlogon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_identification_and_authentication", "text": "GINA", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "BIOS/UEFI", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On systems with a BIOS, the BIOS invokes MBR boot code from a hard disk drive at startup. The MBR boot code and the VBR boot code are OS-specific. In Microsoft Windows, the MBR boot code tries to find an active partition (the MBR is only 512 bytes), then executes the VBR boot code of an active partition. The VBR boot code tries to find and execute NTLDR for Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 and earlier, or the Windows Boot Manager for Windows Vista and later, from an active partition.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS", "text": "BIOS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_Boot_Record", "text": "MBR", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive", "text": "hard disk drive", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_partition", "text": "active partition", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_boot_record", "text": "VBR", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTLDR", "text": "NTLDR", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager", "text": "Windows Boot Manager", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On systems with a UEFI, the UEFI invokes bootmgfw.efi from an EFI system partition at startup, starting the Windows Boot Manager.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFI", "text": "UEFI", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFI_system_partition", "text": "EFI system partition", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Boot loader phase", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Windows NT startup process starts when the computer finds a Windows boot loader, a portion of the Windows operating system responsible for finding Microsoft Windows and starting it up. Prior to Windows Vista, the boot loader was NTLDR. Microsoft has also released operating systems for Intel Itanium processors which use IA-64 architecture. The boot loader of these editions of Windows is IA64ldr.efi (later referred as simply IA64ldr). It is an Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) program. Windows Vista and later use the Windows Boot Manager (bootmgr).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTLDR", "text": "NTLDR", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Itanium", "text": "Intel Itanium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IA-64", "text": "IA-64", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Firmware_Interface", "text": "Extensible Firmware Interface", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Operating system selection", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The boot loader, once executed, searches for Windows operating systems. Windows Boot Manager does so by reading Boot Configuration Data (BCD), a complex firmware-independent database for boot-time configuration data. Its predecessor, NTLDR, does so by reading the simpler boot.ini. If the boot.ini file is missing, the boot loader will attempt to locate information from the standard installation directory. For Windows NT and 2000 machines, it will attempt to boot from C:\\WINNT. For machines running Windows XP, 2003, and later, it will boot from C:\\WINDOWS.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_Configuration_Data", "text": "Boot Configuration Data", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot.ini", "text": "boot.ini", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Both databases may contain a list of installed Microsoft operating systems that may be loaded from the local hard disk drive or a remote computer on the local network. NTLDR supports operating systems installed on disks whose file system is NTFS or FAT file systems, CDFS (ISO 9660) or UDFS. Windows Boot Manager also supports operating systems installed inside a VHD file, stored on an NTFS disk drive.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network", "text": "local network", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS", "text": "NTFS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table", "text": "FAT", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format", "text": "UDFS", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_(file_format)", "text": "VHD", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In Windows 2000 or in later versions of Windows in which hibernation is supported, the Windows boot loader starts the search for operating systems by searching for hiberfil.sys. NTLDR looks into the root folder of the default volume specified in boot.ini. Windows Boot Manager looks up the location of hiberfil.sys in BCD. If this file is found and an active memory set is found in it, the boot loader loads the contents of the file (which is a compressed version of a physical memory dump of the machine) into memory and restores the computer to the state that it was in prior to hibernation by running winresume.exe.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernation_(computing)", "text": "hibernation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_directory", "text": "root folder", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Next, the boot loader looks for a list of installed operating system entries. If more than one operating system is installed, the boot loader shows a boot menu and allow the user to select an operating system. If a non NT-based operating system such as Windows 98 is selected (specified by an MS-DOS style of path, e.g. C:\\), then the boot loader loads the associated \"boot sector\" file listed in boot.ini or BCD (by default, this is bootsect.dos if no file name is specified) and passes execution control to it.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi_boot", "text": "more than one operating system is installed", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_98", "text": "Windows 98", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS", "text": "MS-DOS", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Otherwise, the boot process continues. For Windows Vista and after, this is done through a separate program, winload.exe.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Loading the Windows NT kernel", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The operating system starts when certain basic drivers flagged as \"Boot\" are loaded into memory. The appropriate file system driver for the partition type (NTFS, FAT, or FAT32) which the Windows installation resides in is amongst them. At this point in the boot process, the boot loader clears the screen and displays a textual progress bar (which is often not seen due to the initialization speed); Windows 2000 also displays the text \"Starting Windows...\" underneath.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "If the user presses F8 during this phase, the advanced options menu is displayed, containing various special boot modes including Safe mode, with the Last Known Good Configuration, with debugging enabled, and (in the case of Server editions) Directory Services Restore Mode. Starting with Windows Vista, this menu was changed significantly. Once a boot mode has been selected (or if F8 was never pressed) booting continues.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting_process_of_Windows_NT#Advanced_options", "text": "advanced options menu", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_mode", "text": "Safe mode", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_Services_Restore_Mode", "text": "Directory Services Restore Mode", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Hardware information about the computer is gathered by NTDETECT.COM in Windows XP and earlier or by winload.exe in later versions. This information is stored in the HKLM\\HARDWARE\\DESCRIPTION key in the Windows Registry.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntdetect.com", "text": "NTDETECT.COM", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry", "text": "Windows Registry", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Next the Windows NT kernel (Ntoskrnl.exe), the Hardware Abstraction Layer (hal.dll), kdcom.dll (Kernel Debugger HW Extension DLL), bootvid.dll (the Windows logo and side-scrolling bar), and config\\system (one of the registry hives) are loaded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntoskrnl.exe", "text": "Ntoskrnl.exe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_Abstraction_Layer", "text": "Hardware Abstraction Layer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal.dll", "text": "hal.dll", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "For Windows XP and earlier, if multiple hardware configurations are defined in the Registry, the user is prompted at this point to choose one.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "With the kernel in memory, boot-time device drivers are loaded (but not yet initialized). The required information (along with information on all detected hardware and Windows Services) is stored in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM portion of the registry, in a set of registry keys collectively called a Control Set. In Windows XP and earlier, multiple control sets are kept, in the event that the settings contained in the currently-used one prohibit the system from booting. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM contains control sets labeled ControlSet001, ControlSet002, etc. Windows uses CurrentControlSet to read and write information, but the key is merely a synthesized link to one of the sets defined by HKLM\\System\\Select\\Control; it does not exist in the Hive file.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Windows now picks the \"real\" control set being used based on the values set in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\Select registry key:", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Default will be the boot loader's choice if nothing else overrides it.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "If the value of the Failed key matches Default, then the boot loader displays an error message, indicating that the last boot failed, and gives the user the option to try booting anyway, or to use the \"Last Known Good Configuration\".", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "If the user chooses (or has chosen) Last Known Good Configuration, the control set indicated by the LastKnownGood key is used instead of Default.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "When a control set is chosen, the Current key gets set accordingly. The Failed key is also set to the same as Current until the end of the boot process. LastKnownGood is also set to Current if the boot process completes successfully.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Which services are started and the order which each group is started in are provided by the following keys:", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\ServiceGroupOrder", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "For the purposes of booting, a driver may be one of the following:", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "A \"Boot\" driver that is loaded by the boot loader prior to starting the kernel. \"Boot\" drivers are almost exclusively drivers for hard-disk controllers and file systems (ATA, SCSI, file system filter manager, etc.); in other words, they are the absolute minimum that the kernel will need to get started with loading other drivers, and the rest of the operating system.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT_Attachment", "text": "ATA", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI", "text": "SCSI", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "A \"System\" driver which is loaded and started by the kernel after the boot drivers. \"System\" drivers cover a wider range of core functionality, including the display driver, CD-ROM support, and the TCP/IP stack.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "An \"Automatic\" driver which is loaded much later when the GUI already has been started.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "With this finished, control is then passed from the boot loader to the kernel.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Kernel phase", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The initialization of the kernel subsystem and the Windows Executive subsystems is done in two phases.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "During the first phase, basic internal memory structures are created, and each CPU's interrupt controller is initialized. The memory manager is initialized, creating areas for the file system cache, paged and nonpaged pools of memory. The Object Manager is initialized, and creates the initial security token for assignment to the first process on the system, and the Process Manager itself. The System idle process as well as the System process are created at this point.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_controller", "text": "interrupt controller", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paging", "text": "paged", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Manager_(Windows)", "text": "Object Manager", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_(Windows_NT_architecture)", "text": "security token", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)", "text": "process", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_idle_process", "text": "System idle process", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The second phase involves initializing the device drivers which were identified by NTLDR as being system drivers.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTLDR", "text": "NTLDR", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Through the process of loading device drivers, a \"progress bar\" is visible at the bottom of the display on Windows 2000 systems; in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, this was replaced by an animated bar which does not represent actual progress. Prior to Windows XP, this part of the boot process took significantly longer; this is because the drivers would be initialized one at a time. On Windows XP and Server 2003, the drivers are all initialized asynchronously.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Session manager", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Once all the Boot and System drivers have been loaded, the kernel (system thread) starts the Session Manager Subsystem (smss.exe). The Session Manager stores its configuration at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager. The exact operation of most of these items is based on the configuration set in the registry.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_Manager_Subsystem", "text": "Session Manager Subsystem", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Session Manager creates the environment variables located at the registry entry HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\Environment. It also creates additional paging files with configuration data from HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\Memory Management.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Session Manager Subsystem is then responsible starting the Win32 subsystem. It starts the kernel-mode side of the subsystem implemented by win32k.sys. Once this is done, Windows is able to switch into graphical mode as there is now enough infrastructure in place. The user-mode side of the subsystem, Client/Server Runtime Subsystem (csrss.exe), is also started. This makes the Win32 subsystem available to user-mode applications.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem", "text": "Client/Server Runtime Subsystem", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Session Manager Subsystem is also responsible for doing any operations that are requested to be done at the start of a session. Commands listed in HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\BootExecute, such as autochk and convert, are executed. These commands are run before services are loaded by later steps of the booting process. Any rename operations queued at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\PendingFileRenameOperations. This is used to allow previously in-use files (e.g. drivers) to be replaced as part of a reboot.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "autochk mounts all drives and checks them one at a time to see whether or not they were cleanly unmounted. If autochk determines one or more volumes are dirty, it will automatically run chkdsk and provides the user with a short window to abort the repair process by pressing a key within 10 seconds (introduced in Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 4; earlier versions would not allow the user to abort chkdsk). Since Windows 2000, XP and 2003 show no text screen at that point (unlike NT 3.1 to 4.0, which displayed a blue text screen), the user will see a different background picture holding a mini-text-screen in the center of the screen and show the progress of chkdsk there.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Starting with Windows Vista, the Session Manager Subsystem creates a temporary instance of itself that launches the Windows Startup Application (wininit.exe) and a second Client/Server Runtime Subsystem (csrss.exe) for Session 0, a session decided to system processes. From here, the Windows Startup Application starts the Service Control Manager (services.exe), which starts all the Windows services that are set to \"Auto-Start\" and sets the LastKnownGood to the current control set. The application also starts the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (lsass.exe). Before Windows Vista, these processes were started by Windows Logon instead of the Windows Startup Application, which didn't exist. The dedicated session for system processes also didn't exist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_Control_Manager", "text": "Service Control Manager", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service", "text": "Local Security Authority Subsystem Service", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winlogon", "text": "Windows Logon", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Session Manager Subsystem now starts Winlogon (Windows Logon Application), which is responsible for handling interactive logons to a Windows system, either local or remote.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winlogon", "text": "Winlogon", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Authentication", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The authentication process is implemented by Winlogon. This program is responsible for responding to the secure attention sequence (SAS), loading the user profile on logon, and optionally locking the computer when a screensaver is running.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_attention_key", "text": "secure attention sequence", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screensaver", "text": "screensaver", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Winlogon checks if automatic logon is enabled, and if so, logs in to the specified account automatically. If there is not automatic logon enabled, Winlogon starts the process to allow the user to logon. Before Windows Vista this was done by GINA, but starting with Vista this is done by LogonUI. If configured, both of these programs display a prompt for the user to enter the Secure Attention Sequence (SAS) (Control-Alt-Delete). They then display the login dialog which prompts the user to enter their credentials. Once the user submits these credentials, they are passed to LSASS and any other additional network credential providers. This allows multiple network providers to authenticate the user at once during normal logon.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_identification_and_authentication", "text": "GINA", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-Alt-Delete", "text": "Control-Alt-Delete", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "LSASS first tries to use cached data in the LSA database, the SECURITY hive of the registry. If there is none, LSASS determines which account protocol is to be used by using the security packages listed in the key HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa. There are two standard packages, msv1_0.dll, which implements the NTLM protocols, and Kerberos.dll, which provides remote login by using Active Directory. msv1_0.dll is used in stand-alone systems and domain-member systems for backward compatibility. If the user is trying to log into the local host then msv1_0.dll uses the Security Account Manager database located at HKLM/SAM. If the user is trying to log into another host then the NetLogon service is used to carry the data with the following sequence:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTLM", "text": "NTLM", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Directory", "text": "Active Directory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Account_Manager", "text": "Security Account Manager", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_service", "text": "service", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "After the user is authenticated, LSASS enforces the local security policy (checking user permissions, creating audit trails, doling out security tokens, etc.) and passes control pack to Winlogon. Winlogon creates and opens an interactive windows station, WinSta0, and creates three desktops, Winlogon, Default and ScreenSaver. Winlogon switches from the Winlogon desktop to the Default desktop when the shell indicates that it is ready to display something for the user, or after thirty seconds, whichever comes first. The system switches back to the Winlogon desktop if the user presses Control-Alt-Delete or when a User Account Control prompt is shown. Winlogon now starts the program specified in the Userinit value which defaults to userinit.exe. This value supports multiple executables.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-Alt-Delete", "text": "Control-Alt-Delete", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Account_Control", "text": "User Account Control", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Shell", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Userinit is the first program that runs with the user credentials. It is responsible to start all the other programs that compose the user shell environment.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The shell program (typically Explorer.exe) is started from the registry entry Shell= pointed to by the same registry entry in key HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\IniFileMapping\\system.ini\\Boot; its default value is SYS:Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon, which evaluates to HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Userinit starts by loading the user profile. There are a few types of user profiles and it can be local or remote. This process can be very slow if the user profile is of the \"roaming\" type. User and Computer Group Policy settings are then applied and user scripts, machine scripts, and proquota.exe are run. Startup programs are started and then the shell configured in registry, which defaults to explorer.exe. Now Userinit exits and the shell program continues running without a parent process.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_Policy", "text": "Group Policy", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Userinit runs startup programs from the following locations:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows\\Load", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows\\Run", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup\\ (this path is localized on non-English versions of Windows before Vista)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "%USERPROFILE%\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup\\ (this path is localized on non-English versions of Windows before Vista)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Advanced options", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "With the advent of the new boot manager in Windows Vista, many components have been changed; one is the Advanced Boot Options menu that provides options for advanced boot modes (e.g., Safe Mode). Due to the implementation of fast startup in Windows 8 and up, access to the Advanced Boot Options menu has been disabled by default. However, access is still possible with a BCD modification. 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Intended in case the user changed the resolution to an unusable level (i.e. 320×200 at low refresh rates <24 Hz, 60 Hz>)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGA", "text": "VGA", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Last Known Good Configuration - Loads configuration based on the last successful boot process. Intended for Registry corruptions. This mode is removed in Windows 8 and later versions of Windows.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry", "text": "Registry", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Directory Services Restore Mode - Boot mode used to reboot the Domain Controller in case it is not working as intended.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_Services_Restore_Mode", "text": "Directory Services Restore Mode", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Controller", "text": "Domain Controller", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Debugging Mode - Boots while loading the kernel debugger.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Disable automatic restart on system failure - Disables the auto-reboot function after a Blue Screen of Death is experienced.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Screen_of_Death", "text": "Blue Screen of Death", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Disable early launch anti-malware driver - ELAM prechecks boot required drivers for signatures and tampering. Disabling ELAM is intended to allow booting on false positive driver checks but could also allow a tampered driver to load.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Disable Driver Signature Enforcement - Disables the kernel setting that prohibits unsigned drivers from loading.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Start Windows Normally", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The ABO menu is accessible by rapidly pressing or holding the F8 key before Windows boots. 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "12 teams took part in the league with CSKA Moscow winning the championship.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFC_CSKA_Moscow", "text": "CSKA Moscow", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "League standings", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Top scorers", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Aleksandr Ponomarev (Torpedo Moscow)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Ponomarev", "text": "Aleksandr Ponomarev", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Vasili Kartsev (Dynamo Moscow)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili_Kartsev", "text": "Vasili Kartsev", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sergei Solovyov (Dynamo Moscow)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Solovyov_(footballer)", "text": "Sergei Solovyov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Valentin Nikolayev (CDKA Moscow)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Nikolayev_(footballer)", "text": "Valentin Nikolayev", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Boris Paichadze (Dinamo Tbilisi)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Paichadze", "text": "Boris Paichadze", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Grigory Fedotov (CDKA Moscow)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Fedotov", "text": "Grigory Fedotov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Yevgeni Arkhangelsky (Dynamo Leningrad)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeni_Arkhangelsky?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Yevgeni Arkhangelsky", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Viktor Panyukov (Dinamo Tbilisi)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Panyukov?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Viktor Panyukov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Vasili Lotkov (Dynamo Leningrad)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili_Lotkov?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Vasili Lotkov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sergei Salnikov (Spartak Moscow)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Salnikov", "text": "Sergei Salnikov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Vasili Trofimov (Dynamo Moscow)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili_Trofimov", "text": "Vasili Trofimov", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox football league season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "Soviet Top League", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Season", "value": "1946", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "← 1945 1947 →", "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1953 Torneio Rio São Paulo was the 7th edition of the Torneio Rio-São Paulo. It was disputed between 4 April to 4 June.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torneio_Rio-São_Paulo", "text": "Torneio Rio-São Paulo", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Format", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The tournament were disputed in a single round-robin format, with the club with most points conquered being the champions.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin_tournament", "text": "round-robin", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox football league season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "Torneio Rio-São Paulo", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Season", "value": "1953", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_in_Brazilian_football", "text": "1953", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Champions", "value": "Corinthians (2nd title)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC_Corinthians", "text": "Corinthians", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Matches played", "value": "45", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Goals scored", "value": "164 (3.64 per match)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Top goalscorer", "value": "Vasconcelos (Santos) – 8 goals", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasconcelos_(footballer)", "text": "Vasconcelos", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Biggest home win", "value": "Corinthians 6–0 Flamengo (3 May)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "← 1952 1954 →", "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1963 season was the Hawthorn Football Club 's 39th season in the Victorian Football League and 62nd. This was the second time Hawthorn were the minor premiers. Hawthorn qualified for their second Grand Final appearance, however they suffered their first Grand Final defeat losing to Geelong 60–109. Following the defeat John Kennedy Sr. stepped down as coach.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_VFL_season", "text": "1963 season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorn_Football_Club", "text": "Hawthorn Football Club", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League_(1897–1989)", "text": "Victorian Football League", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_VFL_Grand_Final", "text": "Grand Final", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club", "text": "Geelong", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kennedy_Sr._(footballer)", "text": "John Kennedy Sr.", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Fixture", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Ladder", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Rules for classification: 1. premiership points; 2. percentage; 3. points for Average score: 73.1 Source: AFL Tables", "links": [ { "url": "https://afltables.com/afl/seas/1963.html#lad", "text": "AFL Tables", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox AFL club season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1963 season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "President", "value": "Dr. A.S. Ferguson", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Coach", "value": "John Kennedy, Sr.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kennedy_Sr._(footballer)", "text": "John Kennedy, Sr.", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Captain(s)", "value": "Graham Arthur", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Arthur", "text": "Graham Arthur", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Home ground", "value": "Glenferrie Oval", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenferrie_Oval", "text": "Glenferrie Oval", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "VFL season", "value": "13–4–1 (1st)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_VFL_season", "text": "VFL season", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Finals series", "value": "Grand Final (lost to Geelong 60–109)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_VFL_Grand_Final", "text": "Grand Final", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club", "text": "Geelong", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Best and fairest", "value": "Ian Law", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Crimmins_Medal", "text": "Best and fairest", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Law", "text": "Ian Law", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Leading goalkicker", "value": "John Peck (75)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Peck_(Australian_rules_footballer)", "text": "John Peck", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Highest home attendance", "value": "91,471 (Semi-final vs. Geelong)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club", "text": "Geelong", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Lowest home attendance", "value": "10,500 (Round 12 vs. Fitzroy)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitzroy_Football_Club", "text": "Fitzroy", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Average home attendance", "value": "33,601", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "← 1962 1964 →", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "← 1962", "value": "1964 →", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Hawthorn_Football_Club_season", "text": "1962", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Hawthorn_Football_Club_season", "text": "1964", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1931–32 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1931–32 college men's basketball season.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kansas", "text": "University of Kansas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931–32_NCAA_men's_basketball_season", "text": "1931–32", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Roster", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Paul Randall Harrington", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Randall_Harrington", "text": "Paul Randall Harrington", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "William Johnson", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinny_Johnson", "text": "William Johnson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Theodore O'Leary", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Leland Page", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Elmer Schaake", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer_Schaake", "text": "Elmer Schaake", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ernest Vanek", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Per the January 4, 1932 Lawrence Daily Journal World the first two Kansas State College games were not part of the Big 6 Conference schedule, so they are not counted as conference games.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Aimee Diane Walker Sapp is an American academic administrator and communication professor serving as the provost of William Woods University since 2013. She is the incoming president of Meredith College.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Woods_University", "text": "William Woods University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meredith_College", "text": "Meredith College", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Life", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Sapp earned a B.S. in sociology from William Woods College. She completed a master's degree in speech communication from the University of Northern Colorado. Sapp received a Ph.D. in communication from the University of Missouri. Her 2002 dissertation was titled, The Impact of Innovative Technology on Students' Communication Behavior and Perceptions of Teacher Immediacy. Michael W. Kramer was her doctoral advisor.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Woods_College", "text": "William Woods College", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Northern_Colorado", "text": "University of Northern Colorado", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Missouri", "text": "University of Missouri", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_W._Kramer?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Michael W. Kramer", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 1998, Sapp joined William Woods University as an assistant professor of communication. She was promoted to full professor. In 2013, Sapp became the provost and chief academic officer. In March 2024, she was announced as the incoming ninth president of Meredith College, succeeding Jo Allen.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meredith_College", "text": "Meredith College", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Allen_(academic_administrator)", "text": "Jo Allen", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1951–52 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 11th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_(Bloomington)", "text": "Indiana University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_McCracken", "text": "Branch McCracken", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildermuth_Intramural_Center", "text": "The Fieldhouse", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana", "text": "Bloomington, Indiana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference", "text": "Big Ten Conference", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 16–6 and a conference record of 9–5, finishing 4th in the Big Ten Conference. Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox NCAA team season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1951–52 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Conference", "value": "Big Ten Conference", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference", "text": "Big Ten Conference", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Ranking", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Coaches", "value": "No. 20", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Record", "value": "16–6 (9–5 Big Ten)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Head coach", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - Branch McCracken (11th season)\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Assistant coaches", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - Ernie Andres\n - Lou Watson\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Home arena", "value": "The Fieldhouse", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildermuth_Intramural_Center", "text": "The Fieldhouse", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1903–04 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team represented the University of Cincinnati during the 1903–04 collegiate men's basketball season. The head coach was Anthony Chez, coaching his second season with the Bearcats.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati", "text": "University of Cincinnati", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1967 LPGA Tour was the 18th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from March 16 to November 19. The season consisted of 28 official money events. Kathy Whitworth won the most tournaments, eight. She also led the money list with earnings of $32,937.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LPGA_Tour", "text": "LPGA Tour", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Whitworth", "text": "Kathy Whitworth", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "There were two first-time winners in 1967: Catherine Lacoste from France and Margie Masters from Australia. They were the first winners from the continents of Europe and Australia, respectively. This season also saw the last playing of the Women's Western Open, an LPGA major.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Lacoste", "text": "Catherine Lacoste", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margie_Masters", "text": "Margie Masters", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "text": "Australia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe", "text": "Europe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_Western_Open", "text": "Women's Western Open", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_major_golf_championships", "text": "LPGA major", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The tournament results and award winners are listed below.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Tournament results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The following table shows all the official money events for the 1967 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_major_golf_championships", "text": "Majors", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "am - amateur * - non-member at time of win", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox golf season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1967 LPGA Tour season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Duration", "value": "March 16, 1967 – November 19, 1967", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Number of official events", "value": "28", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Most wins", "value": "8 Kathy Whitworth", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States", "text": "United States", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "United States" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Whitworth", "text": "Kathy Whitworth", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "United States", "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": "Money leader", "value": "Kathy Whitworth", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States", "text": "United States", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "United States" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Whitworth", "text": "Kathy Whitworth", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "United States", "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": "Player of the Year", "value": "Kathy Whitworth", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States", "text": "United States", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "United States" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Whitworth", "text": "Kathy Whitworth", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "United States", "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": "Rookie of the Year", "value": "Sharron Moran", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada", "text": "Canada", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Canada" } ] } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Canada", "caption": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "← 1966 1968 →", "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2023-08-12T15:24:37"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1924 North Dakota Agricultural Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota Agricultural College (now known as North Dakota State University) in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1924 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Stanley Borleske, the team compiled a 5–3 record (3–3 against NCC opponents) and finished in fourth place out of nine teams in the NCC. The team played its home games at Dacotah Field in Fargo, North Dakota.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football", "text": "American football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota_State_University", "text": "North Dakota State University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Central_Conference", "text": "North Central Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_college_football_season", "text": "1924 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Borleske", "text": "Stanley Borleske", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacotah_Field", "text": "Dacotah Field", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota", "text": "Fargo, North Dakota", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2023-08-17T02:30:52"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1951–52 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1951–52 NCAA college basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by fifth-year head coach Charles Finley and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Idaho", "text": "University of Idaho", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Conference", "text": "Pacific Coast Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_Vandals_men's_basketball", "text": "Vandals", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Finley_(coach)", "text": "Charles Finley", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Gymnasium_(University_of_Idaho)", "text": "Memorial Gymnasium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow,_Idaho", "text": "Moscow, Idaho", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Vandals were 19–13 overall and 9–7 in conference play.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In early January, Idaho upset the third-ranked Washington Huskies at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Huskies_men's_basketball", "text": "Washington Huskies", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hec_Edmundson_Pavilion", "text": "Hec Edmundson Pavilion", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle", "text": "Seattle", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2024-04-10T03:25:37"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1/38 National Guard Command \"Bizani\" (Greek: 1/38 Διοίκηση Ταγμάτων Εθνοφυλακής «ΜΠΙΖΑΝΙ», 1/38 ΔΤΕ) is an infantry unit of the Hellenic Army, based in Rhodes island as part of the 95th National Guard Higher Command. It carries on the traditions of the elite 1/38 Evzone Regiment (1/38 Σύνταγμα Ευζώνων, 1/38 ΣΕ).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language", "text": "Greek", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Army", "text": "Hellenic Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes", "text": "Rhodes", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95th_National_Guard_Higher_Command_(Greece)", "text": "95th National Guard Higher Command", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1/38 Evzone Regiment was formed in Karditsa, Thessaly, as the 1st Evzone Regiment (1° Σύνταγμα Ευζώνων) shortly before the outbreak of the Balkan Wars, from the 8th and 9th independent Evzone battalions. It participated in the Balkan Wars, initially as part of the 6th Infantry Division, fighting in the battles of Sarantaporos, Giannitsa, Bizani (where it played a distinguished role under Major Ioannis Velissariou), Kilkis–Lachanas and Kresna–Djumaya (where the regiment lost almost half its strength and all three of its battalion commanders).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karditsa", "text": "Karditsa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaly", "text": "Thessaly", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars", "text": "Balkan Wars", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evzone", "text": "Evzone", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(Greece)", "text": "6th Infantry Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sarantaporos", "text": "Sarantaporos", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Giannitsa", "text": "Giannitsa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bizani", "text": "Bizani", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis_Velissariou", "text": "Ioannis Velissariou", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kilkis–Lachanas", "text": "Kilkis–Lachanas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kresna_Gorge", "text": "Kresna–Djumaya", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "After the Balkan Wars, the regiment was based in Larissa. In May 1917, during the National Schism, the French Army, in support of the Venizelist Provisional Government of National Defence at Thessaloniki, entered Thessaly and ordered the disarmament of the Greek military units in the region, still loyal to the royal government in Athens. The regiment refused to obey the command to surrender its weapons, and retreated west towards the mountains. The French launched a pursuit of the unit, encircling it and forcing it to surrender. The unit was disbanded and most of its officers were imprisoned until August, when, after the exile of King Constantine I and the assumption of the government by Venizelos, Greece formally entered World War I on the side of the Entente.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larissa", "text": "Larissa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Schism", "text": "National Schism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venizelist", "text": "Venizelist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_National_Defence", "text": "Provisional Government of National Defence", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaloniki", "text": "Thessaloniki", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_occupation_of_Thessaly", "text": "entered", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaly", "text": "Thessaly", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece", "text": "Constantine I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I", "text": "World War I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Entente", "text": "Entente", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1/38 Regiment was re-formed at Larissa as part of the 1st Infantry Division, and participated in the Macedonian front operations in 1918, recapturing the city of Serres. The regiment subsequently fought in the Asia Minor Campaign from the Greek landing at Smyrna on 2 May 1919 until its final retreat from Asia Minor on 1 September 1922. On 10 November 1921, the regiment was awarded the highest Greek military distinction, the Commander's Cross of the Cross of Valour, for its performance in the field. After its return from Asia Minor, the regiment demobilized and returned to its peacetime garrison at Larissa. It remained there, under the 1st Infantry Division, until the Army reorganization of 1929, when it was disbanded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(Greece)", "text": "1st Infantry Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_front", "text": "Macedonian front", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serres", "text": "Serres", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Minor_Campaign", "text": "Asia Minor Campaign", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_landing_at_Smyrna", "text": "Greek landing at Smyrna", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_of_Valour_(Greece)", "text": "Cross of Valour", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In December 1975, the 121st Special Covering Regiment (121 ΕΣΠ) at Ano Kalamonas in Rhodes, was renamed into the 38th Hellenic Gendarmerie Command (38η Διοίκηση Ταγμάτων Ελληνικής Χωροφυλακής, 38 ΔΤΕΧ), reviving the traditions of the 1/38. This connection was further emphasized in September 2000, when the unit received its current name, 1/38 National Guard Command \"Bizani\" (1/38 Διοίκηση Ταγμάτων Εθνοφυλακής «ΜΠΙΖΑΝΙ»).", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Order of battle", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Until 2005", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "211 Infantry Battalion (211 ΤΠ)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "299 Infantry Battalion (299 ΤΠ)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "548 National Guard Battalion (548 ΤΕ)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ano Kalamonas National Guard Battalion", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Tilos Island Defence Command (ΔΑΝ Τήλου), added in 2004", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilos", "text": "Tilos", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Since 2005", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "211 Mechanized National Guard Battalion (211 Μ/Κ ΤΕ)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "542 Mechanized National Guard Battalion (548 Μ/Κ ΤΕ)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ano Kalamonas National Guard Battalion", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Tilos Island Defence Command (ΔΑΝ Τήλου)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2023-10-17T19:52:00"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1936", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz", "text": "Jazz", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "A book called Bud not Buddy is a great recourse for this topic.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Duke Ellington Band makes the classical recording of Caravan.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ellington", "text": "Duke Ellington Band", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravan_(1936_song)", "text": "Caravan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "27 – Mike Bernard, ragtime pianist (born 1875).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Bernard_(musician)", "text": "Mike Bernard", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "5 – Mitja Nikisch, German pianist and band leader (born 1899).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitja_Nikisch", "text": "Mitja Nikisch", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sam Morgan, New Orleans jazz trumpet player and bandleader (born 1895).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Morgan_(musician)", "text": "Sam Morgan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans", "text": "New Orleans", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "1 – Sonny Greenwich, Canadian guitarist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Greenwich", "text": "Sonny Greenwich", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "3 – Joe Haider, German pianist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Haider", "text": "Joe Haider", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "7 – Eldee Young, American upright bass and cello player (died 2007).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldee_Young", "text": "Eldee Young", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_in_jazz", "text": "2007", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "19 – Hod O'Brien, American pianist (died 2016).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hod_O'Brien", "text": "Hod O'Brien", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_in_jazz", "text": "2016", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "20 – Erwin Helfer, American pianist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Helfer", "text": "Erwin Helfer", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "21 – Snooks Eaglin, American guitarist and singer (died 2009).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snooks_Eaglin", "text": "Snooks Eaglin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_jazz", "text": "2009", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "24 – Bobby Wellins, Scottish tenor saxophonist (died 2016).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Wellins", "text": "Bobby Wellins", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_in_jazz", "text": "2016", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "31 – Garnett Brown, American trombonist (died 2021).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garnett_Brown", "text": "Garnett Brown", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_in_jazz", "text": "2021", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "4 – Claude Nobs, Swiss founder and general manager of the Montreux Jazz Festival (died 2013).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Nobs", "text": "Claude Nobs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_jazz", "text": "2013", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "5 – June Tyson, American singer (died 1992).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Tyson", "text": "June Tyson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_in_jazz", "text": "1992", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "13 – Takashi Furuya, Japanese saxophonist and vocalist (died 2020).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takashi_Furuya", "text": "Takashi Furuya", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_in_jazz", "text": "2020", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "26 – Colin Purbrook, English pianist, upright bassist, and trumpeter (died 1999).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Purbrook", "text": "Colin Purbrook", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_in_jazz", "text": "1999", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "2 – Buell Neidlinger, American upright bassist and cellist (died 2018).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buell_Neidlinger", "text": "Buell Neidlinger", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_in_jazz", "text": "2018", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "4 – Eric Allandale, Dominican-English trombonist, songwriter, and bandleader (died 2001).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Allandale", "text": "Eric Allandale", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_in_jazz", "text": "2001", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "8 – Gábor Szabó, Hungarian guitarist (died 1982).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gábor_Szabó", "text": "Gábor Szabó", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_in_jazz", "text": "1982", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "19 – Amancio D'Silva, Indian guitarist and composer (died 1996).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amancio_D'Silva", "text": "Amancio D'Silva", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_in_jazz", "text": "1996", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "20 – Harold Mabern, American pianist and composer (died 2019).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Mabern", "text": "Harold Mabern", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_in_jazz", "text": "2019", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "21 Brian Dee, British pianist. Mike Westbrook, English pianist and composer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dee", "text": "Brian Dee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Westbrook", "text": "Mike Westbrook", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Brian Dee, British pianist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dee", "text": "Brian Dee", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mike Westbrook, English pianist and composer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Westbrook", "text": "Mike Westbrook", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "24 – Kalaparusha Maurice McIntyre, American tenor saxophonist (died 2013).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaparusha_Maurice_McIntyre", "text": "Kalaparusha Maurice McIntyre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_jazz", "text": "2013", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "25 – Larry Gales, American upright bassist (died 1996).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Gales", "text": "Larry Gales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_in_jazz", "text": "1996", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "27 – Jan Ptaszyn Wróblewski, Polish saxophonist, composer, and arranger.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Ptaszyn_Wróblewski", "text": "Jan Ptaszyn Wróblewski", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "3 Harold Vick, American saxophonist and flautist (died 1987). Jimmy McGriff, American organist (died 2008). Luiz Eça, Brazilian pianist (died 1992). Scott LaFaro, American upright bassist (died 1961).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Vick", "text": "Harold Vick", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_in_jazz", "text": "1987", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_McGriff", "text": "Jimmy McGriff", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_in_jazz", "text": "2008", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Eça", "text": "Luiz Eça", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_in_jazz", "text": "1992", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_LaFaro", "text": "Scott LaFaro", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_in_jazz", "text": "1961", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Harold Vick, American saxophonist and flautist (died 1987).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Vick", "text": "Harold Vick", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_in_jazz", "text": "1987", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Jimmy McGriff, American organist (died 2008).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_McGriff", "text": "Jimmy McGriff", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_in_jazz", "text": "2008", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Luiz Eça, Brazilian pianist (died 1992).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Eça", "text": "Luiz Eça", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_in_jazz", "text": "1992", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Scott LaFaro, American upright bassist (died 1961).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_LaFaro", "text": "Scott LaFaro", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_in_jazz", "text": "1961", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 – Manfred Schoof, German trumpeter.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Schoof", "text": "Manfred Schoof", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "13 – Stan Robinson, English tenor saxophonist (died 2017).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Robinson", "text": "Stan Robinson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_in_jazz", "text": "2017", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "20 Beaver Harris, American drummer (died 1991). Billy James, American drummer (died 2009).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_Harris", "text": "Beaver Harris", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_in_jazz", "text": "1991", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_James_(musician)", "text": "Billy James", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_jazz", "text": "2009", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Beaver Harris, American drummer (died 1991).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_Harris", "text": "Beaver Harris", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_in_jazz", "text": "1991", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Billy James, American drummer (died 2009).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_James_(musician)", "text": "Billy James", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_jazz", "text": "2009", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22 – Don Menza, American saxophonist, arranger, and composer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Menza", "text": "Don Menza", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "' 28 – John Tchicai, Danish saxophonist (died 2012).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tchicai", "text": "John Tchicai", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_in_jazz", "text": "2012", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "11 – Carla Bley, American composer, pianist, organist and bandleader (died 2023).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla_Bley", "text": "Carla Bley", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_in_jazz", "text": "2023", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "12 – Klaus Doldinger, German saxophonist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Doldinger", "text": "Klaus Doldinger", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "13 – Manfredo Fest, Brazilian pianist and keyboardist (died 1999).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfredo_Fest", "text": "Manfredo Fest", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_in_jazz", "text": "1999", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "14 – Bobby Darin, American singer (died 1973).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Darin", "text": "Bobby Darin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_in_jazz", "text": "1973", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "20 – Rufus Harley, American saxophonist (died 2006).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_Harley", "text": "Rufus Harley", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_in_jazz", "text": "2006", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "26 – Charles Turner, American trumpeter (died 2006).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Turner_(musician)", "text": "Charles Turner", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_in_jazz", "text": "2006", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "4 – Alan Branscombe, English pianist, vibraphonist, and alto saxophonist (died 1986).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Branscombe", "text": "Alan Branscombe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_in_jazz", "text": "1986", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 – Maysa Matarazzo, Brazilian singer (died 1977).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maysa_Matarazzo", "text": "Maysa Matarazzo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_in_jazz", "text": "1977", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "12 – Marcus Belgrave, American trumpet player (died 2015).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Belgrave", "text": "Marcus Belgrave", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_in_jazz", "text": "2015", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "14 – Wilson das Neves, Brazilian bossa nova singer and percussionist (died 2017).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_das_Neves", "text": "Wilson das Neves", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_in_jazz", "text": "2017", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "15 – Jan Byrczek, Polish upright bassist, jazz critic, and jazz magazine editor (died 2019).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Byrczek", "text": "Jan Byrczek", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_in_jazz", "text": "2019", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "16 – Lin Halliday, American saxophonist (died 2000).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Halliday", "text": "Lin Halliday", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_in_jazz", "text": "2000", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22 – Hermeto Pascoal, Brazilian flautist, composer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeto_Pascoal", "text": "Hermeto Pascoal", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "30 – Dave Van Ronk, American singer (died 2002).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Van_Ronk", "text": "Dave Van Ronk", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_in_jazz", "text": "2002", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "3 – Corky Hale, American harpist, pianist, flautist, and singer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corky_Hale", "text": "Corky Hale", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "5 – Tommy LiPuma, American music producer (died 2017).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_LiPuma", "text": "Tommy LiPuma", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_in_jazz", "text": "2017", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 – Chris White, American upright bassist (died 2014).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_White_(bassist)", "text": "Chris White", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_in_jazz", "text": "2014", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "13 – Albert Ayler, American saxophonist, singer and composer (died 1970).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ayler", "text": "Albert Ayler", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_in_jazz", "text": "1970", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "17 – Nick Brignola, American baritone saxophonist (died 2002).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Brignola", "text": "Nick Brignola", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_in_jazz", "text": "2002", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "19 – Carmell Jones, American trumpet player (died 1996).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmell_Jones", "text": "Carmell Jones", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_in_jazz", "text": "1996", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22 – Don Patterson, American organist (died 1988).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Patterson_(organist)", "text": "Don Patterson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_in_jazz", "text": "1988", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "28 – Jim Galloway, Scottish clarinetist and saxophonist (died 2014).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Galloway", "text": "Jim Galloway", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_in_jazz", "text": "2014", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "3 – Jack Wilson, American pianist and composer (died 2007).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Wilson_(jazz_pianist)", "text": "Jack Wilson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_in_jazz", "text": "2007", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 – Joe Diorio, American guitarist (died 2022).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Diorio", "text": "Joe Diorio", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_in_jazz", "text": "2022", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "10 – Chuck Israels, American composer, arranger, and upright bassist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Israels", "text": "Chuck Israels", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22 – Lex Humphries, American drummer (died 1994).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Humphries", "text": "Lex Humphries", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_in_jazz", "text": "1994", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 – Clifford Thornton, American trumpeter and trombonist (died 1989).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Thornton", "text": "Clifford Thornton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_in_jazz", "text": "1989", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "17 – Rolv Wesenlund, Norwegian comedian, singer, clarinetist, and saxophonist (died 2013).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolv_Wesenlund", "text": "Rolv Wesenlund", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_jazz", "text": "2013", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "21 – Sunny Murray, American drummer (died 2017).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunny_Murray", "text": "Sunny Murray", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_in_jazz", "text": "2017", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "27 – Lars Erstrand, Swedish vibraphonist (died 2009).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Erstrand", "text": "Lars Erstrand", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_jazz", "text": "2009", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "28 – Emmett Chapman, American guitar and Chapman Stick player (died 2021).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmett_Chapman", "text": "Emmett Chapman", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_in_jazz", "text": "2021", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "7 – Sonny Bravo, Afro-Cuban pianist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Bravo", "text": "Sonny Bravo", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "11 – Billy Higgins, American drummer (died 2001).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Higgins", "text": "Billy Higgins", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_in_jazz", "text": "2001", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "12 – Melvin Rhyne, American organist (died 2013).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Rhyne", "text": "Melvin Rhyne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_jazz", "text": "2013", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "13 Shirley Bunnie Foy, American singer, songwriter, and percussionist (died 2016). Tom Vaughn, American pianist (died 2011).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Bunnie_Foy", "text": "Shirley Bunnie Foy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_in_jazz", "text": "2016", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Vaughn_(musician)", "text": "Tom Vaughn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_in_jazz", "text": "2011", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Shirley Bunnie Foy, American singer, songwriter, and percussionist (died 2016).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Bunnie_Foy", "text": "Shirley Bunnie Foy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_in_jazz", "text": "2016", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Tom Vaughn, American pianist (died 2011).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Vaughn_(musician)", "text": "Tom Vaughn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_in_jazz", "text": "2011", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "17 – Sathima Bea Benjamin, South African vocalist (died 2013).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathima_Bea_Benjamin", "text": "Sathima Bea Benjamin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_jazz", "text": "2013", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "18 – J. C. Moses, American drummer (died 1977).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._Moses", "text": "J. C. Moses", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_in_jazz", "text": "1977", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "25 – Alfredo Rodríguez, Cuban pianist (died 2005).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Rodríguez", "text": "Alfredo Rodríguez", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_in_jazz", "text": "2005", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "18 – Don Cherry, American trumpeter (died 1995).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Cherry_(jazz)", "text": "Don Cherry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_in_jazz", "text": "1995", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "28 – Roy McCurdy, American drummer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_McCurdy", "text": "Roy McCurdy", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 – Bill Ashton, British saxophonist and composer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ashton_(jazz_musician)", "text": "Bill Ashton", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "7 Arthur Jenkins, American keyboardist and percussionist (died 2009). Sonny Phillips, American keyboardist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Jenkins_(percussionist)", "text": "Arthur Jenkins", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_jazz", "text": "2009", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Phillips", "text": "Sonny Phillips", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Arthur Jenkins, American keyboardist and percussionist (died 2009).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Jenkins_(percussionist)", "text": "Arthur Jenkins", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_jazz", "text": "2009", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sonny Phillips, American keyboardist.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Phillips", "text": "Sonny Phillips", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "10 John Boudreaux, American drummer (died 2017). Martha Mier, American pianist, piano teacher, and composer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boudreaux", "text": "John Boudreaux", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_in_jazz", "text": "2017", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Mier", "text": "Martha Mier", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "John Boudreaux, American drummer (died 2017).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boudreaux", "text": "John Boudreaux", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_in_jazz", "text": "2017", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Martha Mier, American pianist, piano teacher, and composer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Mier", "text": "Martha Mier", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "15 – Eddie Palmieri, Puerto Rican-American pianist and bandleader.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Palmieri", "text": "Eddie Palmieri", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "17 – Tommy Banks, Canadian pianist (died 2018).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Banks_(musician)", "text": "Tommy Banks", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_in_jazz", "text": "2018", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "23 – Muhammad Ali, American drummer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_(drummer)", "text": "Muhammad Ali", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "24 – Chris McGregor, South African pianist, bandleader and composer (died 1990).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_McGregor", "text": "Chris McGregor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_in_jazz", "text": "1990", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "27 – Mike Barone, American trombonist and big band leader.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Barone", "text": "Mike Barone", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Byrdie Green, American singer (died 2008).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrdie_Green", "text": "Byrdie Green", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_in_jazz", "text": "2008", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cynthia Crane, American singer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia_Crane", "text": "Cynthia Crane", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Salah Ragab, Egyptian drummer and called the founder Egyptian jazz (died 2008).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah_Ragab", "text": "Salah Ragab", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_in_jazz", "text": "2008", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1956 Kategoria e Dytë was the 11th season of a second-tier association football league in Albania. The season had started in March and ended in August. Even the Second Division begins to take on a fixed formula, moving in 1956 to the seven single-group teams. Spartaku Tiranë wins league and promotion title by outperforming opponents, while Spartaku Pogradec was the first team to officially relegated to the regional divisions, from which Puna Peshkopi was advanced. This season was followed by the 1957 season.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategoria_e_Parë", "text": "Kategoria e Dytë", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football", "text": "association football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania", "text": "Albania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KF_Spartaku_Tiranë", "text": "Spartaku Tiranë", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KF_Pogradeci", "text": "Spartaku Pogradec", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korabi_Peshkopi", "text": "Puna Peshkopi", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "League table", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1960 Bathurst 100 was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 18 April 1960. It was contested over 26 laps, a total distance of approximately 100 miles. The race, which was promoted by the Australian Racing Drivers Club Ltd., was Round 2 of the 1960 Australian Drivers' Championship.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Panorama_Circuit", "text": "Mount Panorama Circuit", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst,_New_South_Wales", "text": "Bathurst", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales", "text": "New South Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "text": "Australia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Australian_Drivers'_Championship", "text": "1960 Australian Drivers' Championship", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The race was won by Alec Mildren driving a Cooper T51 Maserati.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Mildren", "text": "Alec Mildren", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooper_T51", "text": "Cooper T51", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maserati", "text": "Maserati", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "DNF = Did not finish", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "DNS = Did Not Start", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1957 VFL Night Premiership Cup was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in August, September and October of the 1957 VFL Premiership Season. This was the second edition that the VFL Night Series had existed with the competition expanding to feature all twelve teams. The games were being played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_League", "text": "Victorian Football League", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_VFL_season", "text": "1957 VFL Premiership Season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFL_Night_Series", "text": "VFL Night Series", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Oval", "text": "Lake Oval", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Park,_Victoria", "text": "Albert Park", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Swans", "text": "South Melbourne", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In the final, South Melbourne took out their second night series cup, defeating Geelong by 51 points (15.13.103 to 8.4.52). This would later be the only edition until 1977 to feature all twelve teams at the time.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Swans", "text": "South Melbourne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club", "text": "Geelong", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_VFL_Night_Series", "text": "1977", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Games", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1949 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament 's 29th term. It saw the governing Labour Party defeated by the opposition National Party. This marked the end of the 14-year First Labour government and the beginning of the First National government.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament", "text": "New Zealand Parliament", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/29th_New_Zealand_Parliament", "text": "29th term", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party", "text": "Labour Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party", "text": "National Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand", "text": "First Labour government", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_National_Government_of_New_Zealand", "text": "First National government", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Labour Party had formed its first ministry after winning the 1935 election, and had remained in power (with gradually decreasing majorities) since then. The National Party, formed by a merger of the parties which Labour had originally ousted, gradually increased its power in Parliament; the ineffectual Adam Hamilton was replaced by Sidney Holland, and internal disputes were gradually resolved. The Prime Minister, Peter Fraser, was increasingly weary. Ongoing shortages after World War II also eroded public support for the government. The National Party's decision not to repeal Labour's social welfare policies also increased its appeal.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party", "text": "Labour Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_(collective_executive)", "text": "ministry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election", "text": "1935 election", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party", "text": "National Party", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Hamilton", "text": "Adam Hamilton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland", "text": "Sidney Holland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand", "text": "Prime Minister", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Fraser", "text": "Peter Fraser", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II", "text": "World War II", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "MPs retiring in 1949", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Two Labour MPs and one National MP intended to retire at the end of the Parliament.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "The election", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The date for the main elections was a Wednesday 30 November. Elections to the four Māori electorates were held the day before—the 1949 elections were the last in which Māori voted on a different day. 1,113,852 people were registered to vote, although rolls for the Māori electorates were \"woefully inadequate.\" Voter turnout for the elections is disputed, given the problems with the Māori roll—some sources place it at 93.5 percent, while others estimate 92.9 percent. Regardless, the turnout was relatively high for the time. The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Māori_electorates", "text": "Māori electorates", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout", "text": "Voter turnout", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Election results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Party standings", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1949 election saw the governing Labour Party defeated by a twelve-seat margin. It has previously held a four-seat majority. Labour won a total of 34 seats, as opposed to National's 46. The popular vote was considerably closer—Labour won 47.2 percent to National's 51.9 percent. No seats were won by minor party candidates or by independents.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party", "text": "Labour Party", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "John A. Lee stood for Grey Lynn as the sole Democratic Labour candidate and got 2,627 votes, coming third.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_A._Lee", "text": "John A. Lee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Lynn_(New_Zealand_electorate)", "text": "Grey Lynn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(New_Zealand)", "text": "Democratic Labour", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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Party National Labour Leader since 26 November 1940 4 April 1940 Leader's seat Fendalton Brooklyn Last election 38 seats, 48.4% 42 seats, 51.3% Seats won 46 34 Seat change 8 8 Popular vote 556,805 506,073 Percentage 51.9% 47.2% Swing 3.5% 4.1%", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Holland", "text": "Sidney Holland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Fraser", "text": "Peter Fraser", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party", "text": "National", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party", "text": "Labour", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election", "text": "26 November 1940", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election", "text": "4 April 1940", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fendalton_(New_Zealand_electorate)", "text": "Fendalton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_(New_Zealand_electorate)", "text": "Brooklyn", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg/144px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg", "width": 144, "height": 144, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Peter_Fraser.jpg/146px-Peter_Fraser.jpg", "width": 146, "height": 146, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png", "width": 11, "height": 11, "alternative_text": "Increase", "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png", "width": 11, "height": 11, "alternative_text": "Decrease", "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png", "width": 11, "height": 11, "alternative_text": "Increase", "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png", "width": 11, "height": 11, "alternative_text": "Decrease", "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": null, "links": null, "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg/144px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281951%29.jpg", "width": 144, "height": 144, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Peter_Fraser.jpg/146px-Peter_Fraser.jpg", "width": 146, "height": 146, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": 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"2024-03-01T18:51:00"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1952–53 season was the fifty-first season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division A, where the club would finish in 7th place.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundee_F.C.", "text": "Dundee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland", "text": "Scottish", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Division_A", "text": "Division A", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. Dundee would become the first Scottish team to win the League Cup in consecutive seasons, with a late Bobby Flavell double giving them a 2–0 win over Kilmarnock and winning them their third major honour. They would not see this success replicated in the Scottish Cup, losing at home against Rangers. The attendance for this game, 43,024, is an all-time attendance record at Dens Park.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Cup", "text": "Scottish Cup", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup", "text": "Scottish League Cup", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Flavell_(Scottish_footballer)", "text": "Bobby Flavell", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmarnock_F.C.", "text": "Kilmarnock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_F.C.", "text": "Rangers", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dens_Park", "text": "Dens Park", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "At the beginning of the season, Dundee would try out a unique navy-and-white quartered home kit per the request of manager George Anderson, but proved highly unpopular with both players and fans. When Anderson took ill in September 1952 and his assistant Reg Smith took over coaching duties temporarily, the team agreed to switch back to their traditional navy shirt, with the addition of navy stripes on the shorts and red socks.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Anderson_(footballer,_born_1887)", "text": "George Anderson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reg_Smith", "text": "Reg Smith", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Scottish Division A", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Statistics provided by Dee Archive.", "links": [ { "url": "http://www.deearchive.co.uk/matches.php?", "text": "Dee Archive", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "League table", "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Scottish League Cup", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Statistics provided by Dee Archive.", "links": [ { "url": "http://www.deearchive.co.uk/matches.php?", "text": "Dee Archive", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Group 4", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": "Group 4 table" } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Scottish Cup", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Statistics provided by Dee Archive.", "links": [ { "url": "http://www.deearchive.co.uk/matches.php?", "text": "Dee Archive", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Player statistics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Statistics provided by Dee Archive", "links": [ { "url": "https://deearchive.co.uk/players.php?", "text": "Dee Archive", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Top goalscorer", "value": "League: Bobby Flavell (14) All: Bobby Flavell (25)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Flavell_(Scottish_footballer)", "text": "Bobby Flavell", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": null, "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_(association_football)", "text": "Home colours", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kit_left_arm.svg/31px-Kit_left_arm.svg.png", "width": 31, "height": 31, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Kit_body_collarwhite.png", "width": 38, "height": 38, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kit_body.svg/38px-Kit_body.svg.png", "width": 38, "height": 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In April 2024, the IHH (Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief), a Turkish government backed GONGO is planning to launch a convoy of ships to Gaza. IHH is part of the ttilaf al-Khair foundation, an Islamic charity organization that backs the militant group Hamas and the Union of good. In April 2024, IHH organised a shipment of equipment and aid for Hamas run Gaza Strip. IHH according to Jean-Louis Bruguiere, who was the head of the France’s anti terrorism unit and coordinator for the European Union in a terrorism finance tracking program jointly run with the United States, has ties to Al Qaeda and terror plots in the United States. IHH has also been accused of trafficking arms in Libya. IHH had organised a shipment of aid in 2010 which was intercepted by the Israeli Navy during which 10 Turkish IHH activists were killed after clashing with the IDF.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHH_(Turkish_NGO)", "text": "IHH", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_government", "text": "Turkish government", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khair_Foundation", "text": "al-Khair", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_good?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Union of good", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas", "text": "Hamas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip", "text": "Gaza Strip", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis_Bruguiere", "text": "Jean-Louis Bruguiere", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union", "text": "European Union", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_Finance_Tracking_Program", "text": "terrorism finance tracking program", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States", "text": "United States", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda", "text": "Al Qaeda", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States", "text": "United States", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya", "text": "Libya", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces", "text": "IDF", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 2024 shipment included ships from Lebanon, Libya and Turkey. The Turkish government backed shipment occurred after earlier in April the Turkish parliament called “ Death to Israel ” and Turkish president Erdogan said Israel was worse than Nazi Germany.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon", "text": "Lebanon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey", "text": "Turkey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel", "text": "Death to Israel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany", "text": "Nazi Germany", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "IHH has ties to Al Qaeda, including plots such as the attempted Al Qaeda bombing of Los Angeles international airport in 1999 according to NBC. IHH has been accused of trafficking arms in Libya. IHH is supported by the Turkish government. In the 1990s, IHH members joined combatants in Bosnia and Chechnya.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda", "text": "Al Qaeda", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_government", "text": "Turkish government", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia", "text": "Bosnia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechnya", "text": "Chechnya", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Jean-Louis Bruguiere, an investigative judge who led France’s anti terrorism unit for almost 20 years and then was the coordinator for the European Union in a terrorism finance tracking program jointly run with the United States told the Associated Press in a telephone interview that IHH has long standing ties to terrorism and Jihad. The judge said IHH assisted Al Qaeda when Osama Bin Laden wished to strike American targets. Several members had direct ties to Al Qaeda, pointing to members of the Fateh Kamel cell who worked in IHH. IHH denies ties to organizations deemed terror organisations by the United States and the European Union.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union", "text": "European Union", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press", "text": "Associated Press", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism", "text": "terrorism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad", "text": "Jihad", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda", "text": "Al Qaeda", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_Bin_Laden", "text": "Osama Bin Laden", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateh_Kamel", "text": "Fateh Kamel", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 1998 a French and Turkish police raid in Istanbul on IHH offices found weapons and incriminating documents. US terrorism expert Evan F. Kohlmann said in a 2006 report that it was suspected the IHH chief Bulent Yildrim was “recruiting for Jihad”. Al khair foundation, (the organization to which IHH pertains) following the October 7th attack had done crowdfunding for Hamas.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Kohlmann", "text": "Evan F. Kohlmann", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "IHH is of interest to several security intelligence agencies due to linkage with terror groups according to the Guardian. Former British commander of British forces in Afghanistan, Richard Kemp described the activists in an IHH mission as “violent activists”.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian", "text": "the Guardian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan", "text": "Afghanistan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kemp", "text": "Richard Kemp", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2008 the organization was outlawed by then Israeli defense minister Ehud Barak due to its membership in the \" Union of Good ” a muslim brotherhood organization of multiple charities that was sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasurey due to it’s funding of Hamas. The IHH had established close relations with Erdogan’s AKP party that had formed the Turkish government during most of the 21st century and had assisted Erdogan in attaining Muslim conservative support in elections.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Barak", "text": "Ehud Barak", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Good", "text": "Union of Good", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury", "text": "United States Department of the Treasurey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan", "text": "Erdogan’s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)", "text": "AKP", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "IHH had organised a shipment of aid to Hamas run Gaza Strip in 2010 without coordination and permission from Israel. The shipment was intercepted by the Israeli Navy during which several IHH activists were killed after clashing with the IDF. In 2011 the United Nations Palmer report found that Israeli action was legal and in 2016 Turkey withdraw legal action against Israeli officers involved in the action. The IHH was accused of weapons trafficking in Libya and of advancing Turkish interests in the Syrian civil war.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip", "text": "Gaza Strip", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Navy", "text": "Israeli Navy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations", "text": "United Nations", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya", "text": "Libya", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 2010, IHH offices were closed in Germany for supporting and providing funds for Hamas.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany", "text": "Germany", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas", "text": "Hamas", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In September 2023, Israel intercepted 16 tons of explosives from Turkey to Gaza.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Turkish government backed shipment was planend to set out after earlier in April 2024 the Turkish parliament called “Death to Israel” and Turkish president Erdogan said Israel was worse than Nazi Germany. The Turkish president said it will host the leader of Hamas, considered a terrorist organization in the United States and the European Union, in Turkey. Turkish president Erdogan in the same event blamed Zionist operators for orchestrating coups in Turkey since the 1980s.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany", "text": "Nazi Germany", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States", "text": "United States", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Events from the year 1442 in Ireland.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Incumbent", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Lord: Henry VI", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_Ireland", "text": "Lord", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England", "text": "Henry VI", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gilla Dubh Ó Flaithbheartaigh, Lord of Iar Connacht and Chief of the Name", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilla_Dubh_Ó_Flaithbheartaigh", "text": "Gilla Dubh Ó Flaithbheartaigh", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iar_Connacht", "text": "Iar Connacht", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name", "text": "Chief of the Name", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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{ "identifier": "362d2921-8c53-4d54-9629-c917f824f471", "type": "update", "date_created": "2024-04-27T00:36:03.122379Z", "date_published": "2024-08-06T08:45:26.207712Z" }

"2023-10-17T02:19:37"

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{ "identifier": "en" }

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Year 1011 (MXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian Calendar.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals", "text": "MXI", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Monday", "text": "common year starting on Monday", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Calendar", "text": "Julian Calendar", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "By place", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 11 – Lombard Revolt: Mahmoud the Fat of Bari rises up against the Lombard rebels, led by Melus, and delivers the city to Basil Mesardonites, Byzantine governor (catepan) of the Catepanate of Italy. Melus is forced to flee to Salerno, and his brother-in-law Dattus escapes to Monte Cassino, but their families are taken captive, and carted off to Constantinople.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_11", "text": "June 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy#Lombard_revolt,_1009–1022", "text": "Lombard Revolt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari", "text": "Bari", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardy", "text": "Lombard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melus_of_Bari", "text": "Melus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_Mesardonites", "text": "Basil Mesardonites", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katepano", "text": "catepan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy", "text": "Catepanate of Italy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salerno", "text": "Salerno", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dattus", "text": "Dattus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Cassino", "text": "Monte Cassino", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople", "text": "Constantinople", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Autumn – Basil Mesardonites visits Guaimar III of Salerno to secure his cooperation. Melus is forced to flee again. Basil proceeds to Monte Cassino – and persuades Abbot Atenulf to expel Dattus. Pope Sergius IV supports Dattus with papal troops, to garrison the tower on the Garigliano River, a fortified complex in the territory of the Duchy of Gaeta.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaimar_III_of_Salerno", "text": "Guaimar III of Salerno", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenulf_(abbot_of_Montecassino)", "text": "Atenulf", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sergius_IV", "text": "Sergius IV", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garigliano", "text": "Garigliano River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Gaeta", "text": "Duchy of Gaeta", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "King Henry II enfeoffs Adalbero with Carinthia (including the rule over the March of Verona) after the death of Duke Conrad I.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "text": "Henry II", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbero,_Duke_of_Carinthia", "text": "Adalbero", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia", "text": "Carinthia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_of_Verona", "text": "March of Verona", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_I,_Duke_of_Carinthia", "text": "Conrad I", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Grand Prince of Kyiv and ruler of Kievan Rus' Vladimir the Great laid the first foundations of Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus'", "text": "Kievan Rus'", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_the_Great", "text": "Vladimir the Great", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_Kyiv", "text": "Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Europe" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 29 – Siege of Canterbury: Danish Viking raiders led by Thorkell the Tall pillage Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterbury, as a prisoner.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_29", "text": "September 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Canterbury", "text": "Siege of Canterbury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings", "text": "Viking", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorkell_the_Tall", "text": "Thorkell the Tall", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury", "text": "Canterbury", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ælfheah_of_Canterbury", "text": "Ælfheah", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Byrhtferth, Benedictine monk of Ramsey Abbey, writes his Manual (Enchiridion) on the divine order of the universe and time.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrhtferth", "text": "Byrhtferth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monk", "text": "monk", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey_Abbey", "text": "Ramsey Abbey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time", "text": "time", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "England" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), an Arab scientist working in Egypt, feigns madness for fear of angering Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, and is kept under house arrest. During this time he begins writing his influential Book of Optics.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham", "text": "Ibn al-Haytham", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world", "text": "scientist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages", "text": "Egypt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah", "text": "Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_arrest", "text": "house arrest", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Optics", "text": "Book of Optics", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Baghdad Manifesto is ordered by Caliph Al-Qadir of the Abbasid Caliphate in response to the growth of the Fatimid -supporting Ismaili sect of Islam within his borders.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Manifesto", "text": "Baghdad Manifesto", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qadir", "text": "Al-Qadir", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate", "text": "Abbasid Caliphate", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate", "text": "Fatimid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma'ilism", "text": "Ismaili", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam", "text": "Islam", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Middle East" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Emperor Ichijō abdicates the throne and dies later after a 25-year reign. He is succeeded by his cousin Sanjō as the 67th emperor of Japan.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Ichijō", "text": "Ichijō", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Sanjō", "text": "Sanjō", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan", "text": "Japan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Asia" } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Jōjin, Japanese Tendai monk (d. 1081)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jōjin", "text": "Jōjin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendai", "text": "Tendai", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1081", "text": "1081", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ralph the Staller, English nobleman (d. 1068)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_the_Staller", "text": "Ralph the Staller", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobility", "text": "nobleman", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1068", "text": "1068", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Robert I (the Old), duke of Burgundy (d. 1076)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I,_Duke_of_Burgundy", "text": "Robert I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy", "text": "Burgundy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1076", "text": "1076", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Shao Yong, Chinese philosopher and cosmologist (d. 1077)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shao_Yong", "text": "Shao Yong", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology", "text": "cosmologist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1077", "text": "1077", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Yaghi Siyan, Seljuk governor of Antioch (d. 1098)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yağısıyan", "text": "Yaghi Siyan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antakya", "text": "Antioch", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1098", "text": "1098", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 9 – Bernard I, German nobleman", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_9", "text": "February 9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_I,_Duke_of_Saxony", "text": "Bernard I", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 23 – Willigis, archbishop of Mainz", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_23", "text": "February 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willigis", "text": "Willigis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Mainz", "text": "Mainz", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 25 – Ichijō, emperor of Japan (b. 980)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_25", "text": "July 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Ichijō", "text": "Ichijō", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan", "text": "Japan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/980", "text": "980", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 5 – Mathilde, German abbess (b. 949)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_5", "text": "November 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathilde,_Abbess_of_Essen", "text": "Mathilde", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbess", "text": "abbess", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/949", "text": "949", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 21 – Reizei, emperor of Japan (b. 950)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_21", "text": "November 21", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Reizei", "text": "Reizei", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/950", "text": "950", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz, Buyid general", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Ustadh-Hurmuz", "text": "Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Albert I, count of Namur (approximate date)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_I,_Count_of_Namur", "text": "Albert I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Namur", "text": "Namur", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Anna Porphyrogenita, Grand Princess of Kiev", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Porphyrogenita", "text": "Anna Porphyrogenita", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus'", "text": "Kiev", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Boniface, Italian nobleman (approximate date)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boniface,_Count_of_Bologna", "text": "Boniface", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Conrad I, duke of Carinthia (approximate date)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_I,_Duke_of_Carinthia", "text": "Conrad I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia", "text": "Carinthia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Mahendradatta, queen of Bali (b. 961)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahendradatta", "text": "Mahendradatta", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali", "text": "Bali", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/961", "text": "961", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Muhammad ibn Suri, Ghurid ruler (malik)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Suri", "text": "Muhammad ibn Suri", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik", "text": "malik", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sumbat III, Georgian prince of Tao-Klarjeti", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumbat_III_of_Klarjeti", "text": "Sumbat III", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Tao-Klarjeti", "text": "Tao-Klarjeti", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Uma no Naishi, Japanese waka poet (b. 949)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma_no_Naishi", "text": "Uma no Naishi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waka_(poetry)", "text": "waka", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/949", "text": "949", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Sources", "has_parts": null } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Year nav", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Millennium", "value": "2nd millennium", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia", "text": "Millennium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_millennium", "text": "2nd millennium", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Centuries", "value": "10th century 11th century 12th century", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia", "text": "Centuries", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_century", "text": "10th century", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_century", "text": "11th century", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century", "text": "12th century", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Decades", "value": "990s 1000s 1010s 1020s 1030s", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia", "text": "Decades", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/990s", "text": "990s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000s_(decade)", "text": "1000s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1010s", "text": "1010s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1020s", "text": "1020s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1030s", "text": "1030s", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Years", "value": "1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_years", "text": "Years", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1008", "text": "1008", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1009", "text": "1009", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1010", "text": "1010", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1011", "text": "1011", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1012", "text": "1012", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1013", "text": "1013", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1014", "text": "1014", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "infobox", "name": "C11 year in topic", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Gregorian calendar", "value": "1011 MXI", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar", "text": "Gregorian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Ab urbe condita", "value": "1764", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita", "text": "Ab urbe condita", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Armenian calendar", "value": "460 ԹՎ ՆԿ", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_calendar", "text": "Armenian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Assyrian calendar", "value": "5761", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_calendar", "text": "Assyrian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Balinese saka calendar", "value": "932–933", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar", "text": "Balinese saka calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Bengali calendar", "value": "418", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_calendar", "text": "Bengali calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Berber calendar", "value": "1961", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_calendar", "text": "Berber calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "English Regnal year", "value": "N/A", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_monarchs", "text": "English Regnal year", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Buddhist calendar", "value": "1555", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_calendar", "text": "Buddhist calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Burmese calendar", "value": "373", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_calendar", "text": "Burmese calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Byzantine calendar", "value": "6519–6520", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendar", "text": "Byzantine calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Chinese calendar", "value": "庚戌 年 (Metal Dog) 3708 or 3501 — to — 辛亥年 (Metal Pig) 3709 or 3502", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar", "text": "Chinese calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle", "text": "庚戌", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)", "text": "Dog", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)", "text": "Pig", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Coptic calendar", "value": "727–728", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_calendar", "text": "Coptic calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discordian calendar", "value": "2177", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discordian_calendar", "text": "Discordian calendar", 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"name": "Korean calendar", "value": "3344", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_calendar", "text": "Korean calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Minguo calendar", "value": "901 before ROC 民前901年", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minguo_calendar", "text": "Minguo calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912–1949)", "text": "ROC", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Nanakshahi calendar", "value": "−457", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar", "text": "Nanakshahi calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Seleucid era", "value": "1322/1323 AG", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_era", "text": "Seleucid era", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Graecorum", "text": "AG", 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 16th World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), also known as Solacon, was held on 29 August–1 September 1958 at the Alexandria Hotel in Los Angeles, California, United States.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldcon", "text": "Worldcon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_Hotel", "text": "Alexandria Hotel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California", "text": "Los Angeles, California", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Solacon's chair was Anne S. Moffatt.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Participants", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Attendance was 322.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Guests of Honor", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Richard Matheson", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Matheson", "text": "Richard Matheson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Anthony Boucher (toastmaster)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Boucher", "text": "Anthony Boucher", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Awards", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The World Science Fiction Society administers and presents the Hugo Awards, the oldest and most noteworthy award for science fiction. Selection of the recipients is by vote of the Worldcon members. Categories include novels and short fiction, artwork, dramatic presentations, and various professional and fandom activities.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Award", "text": "Hugo Awards", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom", "text": "fandom", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Other awards may be presented at Worldcon at the discretion of the individual convention committee. This has often included the national SF awards of the host country, such as the Japanese Seiun Awards as part of Nippon 2007, and the Prix Aurora Awards as part of Anticipation in 2009. The Astounding Award for Best New Writer and the Sidewise Award, though not sponsored by the Worldcon, are usually presented, as well as the Chesley Awards, the Prometheus Award, and others.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiun_Award", "text": "Seiun Awards", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_2007", "text": "Nippon 2007", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Aurora_Awards", "text": "Prix Aurora Awards", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticipation_(convention)", "text": "Anticipation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer", "text": "Astounding Award for Best New Writer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History", "text": "Sidewise Award", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesley_Awards", "text": "Chesley Awards", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus_Award", "text": "Prometheus Award", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1958 Hugo Awards", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "For the 1958 Hugos, Solacon presented engraved Hugo Award plaques instead of the nickel-plated Hugo rockets mounted on wooden bases, like those presented at the previous Worldcons in 1953, 1955, 1956, and 1957 (no awards were given in 1954).", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The winners were:", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Best Novel / Novelette: The Big Time, by Fritz Leiber", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel", "text": "Best Novel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novelette", "text": "Novelette", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Time_(novel)", "text": "The Big Time", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Leiber", "text": "Fritz Leiber", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Best Short Story: \" Or All the Seas with Oysters \", by Avram Davidson", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story", "text": "Best Short Story", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or_All_the_Seas_with_Oysters", "text": "Or All the Seas with Oysters", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avram_Davidson", "text": "Avram Davidson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Best Professional Magazine: The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, edited by Anthony Boucher and Robert P. Mills", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Professional_Magazine", "text": "Best Professional Magazine", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_&_Science_Fiction", "text": "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Boucher", "text": "Anthony Boucher", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_P._Mills", "text": "Robert P. Mills", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Outstanding Movie: The Incredible Shrinking Man, directed by Jack Arnold; screenplay by Richard Matheson", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation", "text": "Outstanding Movie", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Incredible_Shrinking_Man", "text": "The Incredible Shrinking Man", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Arnold_(director)", "text": "Jack Arnold", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Matheson", "text": "Richard Matheson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Outstanding Artist: Frank Kelly Freas", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Professional_Artist", "text": "Outstanding Artist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Kelly_Freas", "text": "Frank Kelly Freas", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Outstanding Actifan: Walt Willis", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other_Hugo_Awards#Outstanding_Actifan", "text": "Outstanding Actifan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Willis", "text": "Walt Willis", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1924 North Texas State Teachers Eagles football team was an American football team that represented the North Texas State Teachers College (now known as the University of North Texas) during the 1924 college football season as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA). In their fifth year under head coach Theron J. Fouts, the team compiled an overall record of 5–3–1 with a mark of 4–1–1 in conference play, placing second in the TIAA.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football", "text": "American football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_North_Texas", "text": "University of North Texas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_college_football_season", "text": "1924 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association", "text": "Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theron_J._Fouts", "text": "Theron J. Fouts", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1905 Barcelona City Council election was held on Sunday, 12 November 1905, to elect half of the Barcelona City Council. 26 out of 50 seats were up for election (1 was a by-election for a vacant seat).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona", "text": "Barcelona", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Council", "text": "City Council", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-election", "text": "by-election", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Electoral system", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The number of seats of each council was determined by the population count, according to the 1877 Municipal Law. As Barcelona had more than 200,000 inhabitants, the number of seats composing the city council was 50. The municipal law also established that half of the seats had to be renewed every two years. Therefore, in these elections 25 seats had to be renewed. Additionally, any vacant seat would also be renewed. The municipality was divided in 10 multi-member constituencies, corresponding to the city districts. Seats were elected using limited partial block voting. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected. In districts electing.Voting was on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, which comprised all national males over twenty-five, having at least a two-year residency in a municipality and in full enjoyment of their civil rights.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona", "text": "Barcelona", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Barcelona", "text": "city districts", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_vote", "text": "limited", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurality_at_large", "text": "partial block voting", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurality_(voting)", "text": "plurality", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Municipal Law allowed the King of Spain to elect directly the Mayor of Barcelona.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Spain", "text": "King of Spain", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": null } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1947 Chicago White Sox season was the White Sox's 47th season in the major leagues, and their 48th season overall. They finished with a record of 70–84, good enough for sixth place in the American League, 27 games behind the first place New York Yankees.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox", "text": "Chicago White Sox", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_League", "text": "American League", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947_New_York_Yankees_season", "text": "New York Yankees", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Offseason", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 13, 1947: Frankie Hayes was released by the White Sox.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_Hayes", "text": "Frankie Hayes", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Prior to 1947 season: Tod Davis was acquired by the White Sox from the Hollywood Stars as part of a minor league working agreement.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tod_Davis", "text": "Tod Davis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Stars", "text": "Hollywood Stars", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Regular season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 5: In a game against the White Sox, Larry Doby of the Cleveland Indians became the first black player to appear in an American League game. Doby appeared in the seventh inning and struck out.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Doby", "text": "Larry Doby", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Indians", "text": "Cleveland Indians", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_League", "text": "American League", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Record vs. opponents", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Notable transactions", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 23, 1947: Gus Zernial was purchased by the White Sox from the Cleveland Indians.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus_Zernial", "text": "Gus Zernial", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Indians", "text": "Cleveland Indians", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 1947: Pete Wojey was acquired by the White Sox from the Hot Springs Bathers.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Wojey", "text": "Pete Wojey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Springs_Bathers", "text": "Hot Springs Bathers", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Player stats", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Batting", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Pitching", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Farm system", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Waterloo", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1918 Camp Lewis football team represented the United States Army 's 13th Division stationed Camp Lewis in Tacoma, Washington, during the 1918 college football season. The team compiled a 7–2 record.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army", "text": "United States Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_Division_(United_States)", "text": "13th Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lewis_(Washington)", "text": "Camp Lewis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington", "text": "Tacoma, Washington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_college_football_season", "text": "1918 college football season", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1917 Camp Lewis football team was made up from members of the Army's 91st Division. However, the 91st Division was deployed to France, and the 1918 team was made up of entirely different personnel from the 13th Division.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917_Camp_Lewis_football_team", "text": "1917 Camp Lewis football team", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/91st_Division_(United_States)", "text": "91st Division", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Ray Selph of the 1918 Camp Lewis team was selected by Walter Camp as the second-team center on the 1918 All-Service football team.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Camp", "text": "Walter Camp", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_All-Service_football_team", "text": "1918 All-Service football team", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2023-11-30T21:47:21"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1938 Walker Cup, the 10th Walker Cup Match, was played on 3 and 4 June 1938, on the Old Course at St Andrews, Scotland. Great Britain and Ireland won by 7 matches to 4 with one match halved. It was their first victory in the Walker Cup.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker_Cup", "text": "Walker Cup", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Course_at_St_Andrews", "text": "Old Course at St Andrews", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland", "text": "Scotland", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Great Britain & Ireland took a one-point lead after the first day foursomes. On the second day they won 5 of the 8 singles matches. They took a winning 6–4 lead when Alex Kyle beat Fred Haas, later increased to 7–4 when Cecil Ewing beat Ray Billows on the final green.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Kyle", "text": "Alex Kyle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Haas", "text": "Fred Haas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Ewing?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Cecil Ewing", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Billows?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Ray Billows", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Format", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Four 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Teams", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The United States selected a team of 8 and a non-playing captain in January. Great Britain and Ireland selected their captain, John Beck, in February, initially as a non-player. 8 members of the British team were selected in early May, at which time Beck was given the option of playing himself if he chose. Cecil Ewing was selected as the final member of the team in late May, after reaching the final of the Amateur Championship. In the end, Beck did not select himself for any matches. Ewing did not play in the foursomes but replaced Harry Bentley in the singles.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beck_(golfer)", "text": "John Beck", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Ewing?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Cecil Ewing", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_Championship", "text": "Amateur Championship", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Bentley_(golfer)", "text": "Harry Bentley", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Great Britain & Ireland", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "& Playing captain: John Beck", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom", "text": "United Kingdom", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/70px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png", "width": 70, "height": 70, "alternative_text": "United Kingdom" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland", "text": "Republic of Ireland", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/70px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png", "width": 70, "height": 70, "alternative_text": "Republic of Ireland" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England", "text": "England", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "England" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beck_(golfer)", "text": "John Beck", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Harry Bentley", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England", "text": "England", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "England" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Bentley_(golfer)", "text": "Harry Bentley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Jimmy Bruen", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland", "text": "Republic of Ireland", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Republic of Ireland" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Bruen", "text": "Jimmy Bruen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Leonard Crawley", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England", "text": "England", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "England" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Crawley", "text": "Leonard Crawley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Cecil Ewing", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland", "text": "Republic of Ireland", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Republic of Ireland" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Ewing?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Cecil Ewing", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Alex Kyle", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland", "text": "Scotland", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Scotland" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Kyle", "text": "Alex Kyle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Frank Pennink", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England", "text": "England", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "England" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pennink", "text": "Frank Pennink", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Gordon Peters", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland", "text": "Scotland", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "Scotland" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Peters_(golfer)?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Gordon Peters", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Charlie Stowe", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England", "text": "England", "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": "England" } ] }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Stowe?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Charlie Stowe", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hector Thomson", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland", "text": "Scotland", "images": [ { "content_url": 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Reigning champion Laurence Doherty defeated Frank Riseley 6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 in the challenge round to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1906 Wimbledon Championships. Riseley had defeated Arthur Gore in the All Comers' Final.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Doherty", "text": "Laurence Doherty", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Riseley", "text": "Frank Riseley", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Gore_(tennis)", "text": "Arthur Gore", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Draw", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Key", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Q = Qualifier", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Qualifier", "text": "Qualifier", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "WC = Wild card", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Wild_Card", "text": "Wild card", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "LL = Lucky loser", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Lucky_Loser", "text": "Lucky loser", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Alt = Alternate", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Alternate", "text": "Alternate", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "SE = Special exempt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Special_Exempt", "text": "Special exempt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "PR = Protected ranking", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Protected_Ranking", "text": "Protected ranking", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "ITF = ITF entry", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#ITF", "text": "ITF entry", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "JE = Junior exempt", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Junior_exempt", "text": "Junior exempt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "w/o = Walkover", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Walkover", "text": "Walkover", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "r = Retired", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Retirement", "text": "Retired", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "d = Defaulted", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Default", "text": "Defaulted", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "SR = Special ranking", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms#Special_ranking", "text": "Special ranking", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Top half", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Bottom half", "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "\" 100 in a 55 \" is a song by rock band Pop Evil. The song is the second single from the band from Lipstick on the Mirror, the debut studio album from the band.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Evil", "text": "Pop Evil", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipstick_on_the_Mirror", "text": "Lipstick on the Mirror", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_album", "text": "studio album", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Premise", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "According to Pop Evil lead vocalist Leigh Kakty, the song is similar to recuperation, as it is about focusing on what is optimal for an individual and those close to them. It is about holding one's ground, and asking one's self whether or not they would like to be someone important in the international community. Kakaty goes on to state that the composition touches on viewing one's reflection and combating the demon that one created.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1750s (pronounced \"seventeen-fifties\") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1750, and ended on December 31, 1759. The 1750s was a pioneering decade. Waves of settlers flooded the New World (specifically the Americas) in hopes of re-establishing life away from European control, and electricity was a field of novelty that had yet to be merged with the studies of chemistry and engineering. Numerous discoveries of the 1750s forged the basis for contemporary scientific consensus. The decade saw the end of the Baroque period.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World", "text": "New World", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americas", "text": "the Americas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe", "text": "European control", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity", "text": "electricity", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry", "text": "chemistry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering", "text": "engineering", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensus", "text": "scientific consensus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_period", "text": "Baroque period", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1750", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 13 – The Treaty of Madrid between Spain and Portugal authorizes a larger Brazil than had the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, which originally established the boundaries of the Portuguese and Spanish territories in South America.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_13", "text": "January 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(13_January_1750)", "text": "Treaty of Madrid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain", "text": "Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal", "text": "Portugal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil", "text": "Brazil", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas", "text": "Treaty of Tordesillas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1494", "text": "1494", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 24 – A fire in Istanbul destroys 10,000 homes.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_24", "text": "January 24", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul", "text": "Istanbul", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 15 – After Spain and Portugal agree that the Uruguay River will be the boundary line between the two kingdoms' territory in South America, the Spanish Governor orders the Jesuits to vacate seven Indian missions along the river (San Angel, San Nicolas, San Luis, San Lorenzo, San Miguel, San Juan and San Borja).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_15", "text": "February 15", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_River", "text": "Uruguay River", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 5 – The Murray-Kean Company, a troupe of actors from Philadelphia, gives the first performance of a play announced in advance in a newspaper, presenting Richard III at New York City's Nassau Street Theatre.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_5", "text": "March 5", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 20 – The first number of Samuel Johnson 's The Rambler appears.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_20", "text": "March 20", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson", "text": "Samuel Johnson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rambler", "text": "The Rambler", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 7 – Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone, a polygar in Tamil Nadu raise slogans launches a rebellion against Company rule in India due to his opposition to the East India Company 's tax collection policies.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_7", "text": "April 7", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maveeran_Alagumuthu_Kone", "text": "Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygar", "text": "polygar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu", "text": "Tamil Nadu", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_rule_in_India", "text": "Company rule in India", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company", "text": "East India Company", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 13 – Dr. Thomas Walker and five other men (Ambrose Powell, Colby Chew, William Tomlinson, Henry Lawless and John Hughes) cross through the Cumberland Gap, a mountain pass through the Appalachian Mountains, to become the first white people to venture into territories that had been inhabited exclusively by various Indian tribes. On April 17, Walker's party continues through what is now Kentucky and locates the Cumberland River, which Walker names in honor of Prince William, Duke of Cumberland.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_13", "text": "April 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Walker_(explorer)", "text": "Dr. Thomas Walker", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_Gap", "text": "Cumberland Gap", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains", "text": "Appalachian Mountains", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky", "text": "Kentucky", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_River", "text": "Cumberland River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cumberland", "text": "Prince William, Duke of Cumberland", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 14 A group of West African slaves, bound for the Americas, successfully overpowers the crew of the British slave ship Snow Ann, imprisons the survivors, and then navigates the vessel back to Cape Lopez in Gabon. Upon regaining their freedom, the rebels leave the survivors on the Gabonese coast. The Viceroy of New Spain, Juan Francisco de Güemes, issues a notice to the missionaries in Nuevo Santander (which includes parts of what are now the U.S. state of Texas, including San Antonio, and the Mexican state of Tamaulipas) to work peacefully to convert the indigenous Karankawa people to Roman Catholicism.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_14", "text": "April 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Lopez", "text": "Cape Lopez", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon", "text": "Gabon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroy_of_New_Spain", "text": "Viceroy of New Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Francisco_de_Güemes,_1st_Count_of_Revillagigedo", "text": "Juan Francisco de Güemes", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_Santander", "text": "Nuevo Santander", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas", "text": "Texas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio", "text": "San Antonio", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaulipas", "text": "Tamaulipas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karankawa_people", "text": "Karankawa people", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "A group of West African slaves, bound for the Americas, successfully overpowers the crew of the British slave ship Snow Ann, imprisons the survivors, and then navigates the vessel back to Cape Lopez in Gabon. Upon regaining their freedom, the rebels leave the survivors on the Gabonese coast.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Lopez", "text": "Cape Lopez", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon", "text": "Gabon", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Viceroy of New Spain, Juan Francisco de Güemes, issues a notice to the missionaries in Nuevo Santander (which includes parts of what are now the U.S. state of Texas, including San Antonio, and the Mexican state of Tamaulipas) to work peacefully to convert the indigenous Karankawa people to Roman Catholicism.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroy_of_New_Spain", "text": "Viceroy of New Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Francisco_de_Güemes,_1st_Count_of_Revillagigedo", "text": "Juan Francisco de Güemes", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_Santander", "text": "Nuevo Santander", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas", "text": "Texas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio", "text": "San Antonio", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaulipas", "text": "Tamaulipas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karankawa_people", "text": "Karankawa people", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 25 – The Acadian settlement in Beaubassin, Nova Scotia, is burnt by the French army, and the population is forcibly relocated, after France and Great Britain agree that the Missaguash River should be the new boundary between peninsular British Nova Scotia and the mainland remnant of French Acadia (now New Brunswick)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_25", "text": "April 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadian", "text": "Acadian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaubassin", "text": "Beaubassin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia", "text": "Nova Scotia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missaguash_River", "text": "Missaguash River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick", "text": "New Brunswick", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 16 – Two weeks after police in Paris arrest six teenagers for gambling in the suburb of Saint-Laurent, rioting breaks out when a rumor spreads that plainclothes policemen are hauling off small children between the ages of five to ten years old, in order to provide blood to an ailing aristocrat. Over the next two weeks, rioting breaks out in other sections of Paris. Police are attacked, including one who is beaten to death by the mob, until order is restored and police reforms are announced.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_16", "text": "May 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Laurent,_Paris", "text": "Saint-Laurent", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 19 – At a time when mountain climbing is still relatively uncommon, Eggert Ólafsson and Bjarni Pálsson scale their first peak, the 4,892 foot (1,491 m) high Icelandic volcano, Hekla.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_19", "text": "June 19", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggert_Ólafsson", "text": "Eggert Ólafsson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hekla", "text": "Hekla", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 24 – Parliament passes Britain's Iron Act, designed to restrict American manufactured goods by prohibiting additional ironworking businesses from producing finished goods. At the same time, import taxes on raw iron from America are lifted in order to give British manufacturers additional material for production. By 1775, the North American colonies have surpassed England and Wales in iron production and have become the world's third largest producer of iron.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_24", "text": "June 24", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Act", "text": "Iron Act", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 29 – An attempt in Lima to begin a native uprising against Spanish colonial authorities in the Viceroyalty of Peru is discovered and thwarted. One of the conspirators, Francisco Garcia Jimenez, escapes to Huarochirí and kills dozens of Spaniards on July 25.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_29", "text": "June 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima", "text": "Lima", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru", "text": "Viceroyalty of Peru", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huarochirí_District", "text": "Huarochirí", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 9 – Traveller Jonas Hanway leaves St. Petersburg to return home, via Germany and the Netherlands. Later the same year, Hanway reputedly becomes the first Englishman to use an umbrella (a French fashion).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_9", "text": "July 9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Hanway", "text": "Jonas Hanway", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire", "text": "Germany", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic", "text": "Netherlands", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella", "text": "umbrella", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 11 – Halifax, Nova Scotia is almost completely destroyed by fire.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_11", "text": "July 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_(former_city)", "text": "Halifax", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia", "text": "Nova Scotia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 31 – José I takes over the throne of Portugal from his deceased father, João V. King José Manuel appoints the Marquis of Pombal as his Chief Minister, who then strips the Inquisition of its power.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_31", "text": "July 31", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal", "text": "José I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire", "text": "Portugal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquis_of_Pombal", "text": "Marquis of Pombal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisition", "text": "Inquisition", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 8 – In advance of the Province of Georgia changing in status from a corporate-owned American settlement to a British colony, Royal Assent is given to an act that lifts the province's ban on slavery; effective January 1, \"it shall and may be lawful to import or bring Black Slaves or Negroes in to the Province of Georgia of America and to keep and to use the same therein\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_8", "text": "August 8", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Georgia", "text": "Province of Georgia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 20 – French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, by way of the Foreign Minister, the Marquis de Puisieulx and Netherlands ambassador to Paris Mattheus Lestevenon, sends a letter that ultimately persuades the States-General of the Dutch Republic to allow and partially finance Lacaille's stellar trigonometry mission to the Cape of Good Hope. The expedition departs Lorient on October 21", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_20", "text": "August 20", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas-Louis_de_Lacaille", "text": "Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Philogène_Brûlart,_vicomte_de_Puisieulx", "text": "Marquis de Puisieulx", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris", "text": "Paris", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattheus_Lestevenon", "text": "Mattheus Lestevenon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope", "text": "Cape of Good Hope", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorient", "text": "Lorient", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 30 – Crispus Attucks, an African-American slave who will later become the first person killed in the Boston Massacre of 1770, escapes from the Framingham, Massachusetts estate of slaveowner William Brown. In an unsuccessful attempt to recapture the fugitive, Brown runs an advertisement on October 2 in the Boston Gazette, but Attucks eludes recapture.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_30", "text": "September 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crispus_Attucks", "text": "Crispus Attucks", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Massacre", "text": "Boston Massacre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts", "text": "Framingham, Massachusetts", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "July – September" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 5 – Treaty of Madrid: Spain and Great Britain sign a treaty temporarily eliminating their hostility over their colonies in North and South America. In addition to both sides dropping their claims for damages against each other, Spain agrees to pay the South Sea Company £100,000 for damage claims.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_5", "text": "October 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(5_October_1750)", "text": "Treaty of Madrid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain", "text": "Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain", "text": "Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sea_Company", "text": "South Sea Company", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 14 – The Louvre Museum is created in Paris four years after art critic Lafond de Saint-Yenne calls on the King to allow the display of the royal art collection to the general public. Abel-François Poisson, the Marquis de Marigny, arranges for the display of 110 of the Crown's paintings at the Palais du Luxembourg.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_14", "text": "October 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvre_Museum", "text": "Louvre Museum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris", "text": "Paris", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel-François_Poisson", "text": "Abel-François Poisson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_du_Luxembourg", "text": "Palais du Luxembourg", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 11 – A riot breaks out in Lhasa after the murder of the regent of Tibet.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_11", "text": "November 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasa_riot_of_1750", "text": "riot breaks out", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)", "text": "Lhasa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet", "text": "Tibet", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 18 – Westminster Bridge is officially opened in London.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_18", "text": "November 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Bridge", "text": "Westminster Bridge", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London", "text": "London", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 3 – What is described later as \"The first documented presentation of a musical in New York\" takes place one block east of Broadway, at the Nassau Street Theatre, when a resident company of actors stages The Beggar's Opera.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_3", "text": "December 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_theatre", "text": "musical", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)", "text": "Broadway", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau_Street_(Manhattan)", "text": "Nassau Street", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beggar's_Opera", "text": "The Beggar's Opera", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 25 – Prussia and Russia break off diplomatic relations after the Russians refuse to stop assisting the Electorate of Saxony. Five years later, the two Empires fight the Seven Years' War.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_25", "text": "December 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia", "text": "Prussia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia", "text": "Russia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony", "text": "Electorate of Saxony", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 29 – Two physicians in Jamaica, Dr. John Williams and Dr. Parker Bennet, fight a duel \"with swords and pistols\" after having had an argument the day before about the treatment of bilious fever. Both are mortally wounded during the fight.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_29", "text": "December 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica", "text": "Jamaica", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilious_fever", "text": "bilious fever", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "October – December" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hannah Snell reveals her sex to her Royal Marines compatriots.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_Snell", "text": "Hannah Snell", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines", "text": "Royal Marines", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The King of Dahomey has income of 250,000 pounds from the overseas export of slaves.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahomey", "text": "Dahomey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Maruyama Okyo paints The Ghost of Oyuki.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maruyama_Okyo", "text": "Maruyama Okyo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ghost_of_Oyuki", "text": "The Ghost of Oyuki", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Britain produces c. 2% of the entire world's output of industrial goods, before the Industrial Revolution begins.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution", "text": "Industrial Revolution", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Galley slavery is abolished in Europe.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galley_slave", "text": "Galley slavery", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "World population: 791,000,000 Africa: 106,000,000 Asia: 502,000,000 Europe: 163,000,000 Latin-America: 16,000,000 Northern America: 2,000,000 Oceania: 2,000,000", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population", "text": "World population", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa", "text": "Africa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia", "text": "Asia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe", "text": "Europe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-America", "text": "Latin-America", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_America", "text": "Northern America", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania", "text": "Oceania", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Africa: 106,000,000", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa", "text": "Africa", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Asia: 502,000,000", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia", "text": "Asia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Europe: 163,000,000", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe", "text": "Europe", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Latin-America: 16,000,000", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-America", "text": "Latin-America", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Northern America: 2,000,000", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_America", "text": "Northern America", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Oceania: 2,000,000", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania", "text": "Oceania", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Date unknown" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1751", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 1 – As the Province of Georgia undergoes the transition from a trustee-operated territory to a Crown colony, the prohibition against slavery is lifted by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America. At the time, the Black population of Georgia is approximately 400 people, who had been kept in slavery in violation of the law. By 1790, the enslaved population of Georgia increases to over 29,000 and to 462,000 by 1860.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1", "text": "January 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Georgia", "text": "Province of Georgia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trustee_Georgia", "text": "trustee-operated territory", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_colony", "text": "Crown colony", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trustees_for_the_Establishment_of_the_Colony_of_Georgia_in_America", "text": "Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 7 – The University of Pennsylvania, conceived 12 years earlier by Benjamin Franklin and its other trustees to provide non-denominational higher education \"to train young people for leadership in business, government and public service\". rather than for the ministry, holds its first classes as \"The Academy and Charitable School in the Province of Pennsylvania\" in Philadelphia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_7", "text": "January 7", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania", "text": "University of Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin", "text": "Benjamin Franklin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia", "text": "Philadelphia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 13 – For the first time, the American colony in Georgia has an elected legislature after having been administered by a corporate Board of Trustees since its founding in 1732. The original Georgia Assembly meets in Savannah with 16 representatives as the colony prepares to become a British colonial province. After electing Francis Harris as the Speaker of the unicameral Assembly, the delegates successfully ask the Trustees not to surrender control of Georgia to the neighboring Province of South Carolina.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_13", "text": "January 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)", "text": "Georgia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia", "text": "Savannah", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina", "text": "Province of South Carolina", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 18 – In the aftermath of the Lhasa riot of 1750, Chinese General Ban Di arrives at the capital of Tibet on behalf of the Qianlong Emperor and the seven imprisoned leaders of the rebellion are turned over to his custody by the 7th Dalai Lama, Keizang Gyatzo. General Ban Di guides the interrogation under torture of rebel leader Lobsang Trashi and, after five days orders the beheading and dismemberment of the seven rebels.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_18", "text": "January 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasa_riot_of_1750", "text": "Lhasa riot of 1750", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet", "text": "Tibet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor", "text": "Qianlong Emperor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Dalai_Lama", "text": "7th Dalai Lama", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 14 – At Lakkireddipalle in southeastern India, the new Nizam of Hyderabad, Subhadar Muzaffar Jang, leads an invasion of cavalry against the small kingdom of Kurnool and is confronted by its monarch, the Nawab Bahadur Khan. The Subhadar and the Nawab order their soldiers to stand down and then engage in hand-to-hand combat, during which the Nawab \"thrust a spear into the Subhadar's brain\" before he is \"himself hacked to pieces.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_14", "text": "February 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakkireddipalle", "text": "Lakkireddipalle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India", "text": "India", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad", "text": "Nizam of Hyderabad", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhyi_ad-Din_Muzaffar_Jang_Hidayat", "text": "Subhadar Muzaffar Jang", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurnool", "text": "Kurnool", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawab", "text": "Nawab", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 16 – English poet Thomas Gray first publishes Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, anonymously in The Magazine of Magazines. The poem becomes more popularly known as \"Gray's Elegy\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_16", "text": "February 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gray", "text": "Thomas Gray", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elegy_Written_in_a_Country_Churchyard", "text": "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 18 – As the Governor of French Louisiana, Pierre de Rigaud, the Marquis de Vaudreuil, issues the first police regulations for New Orleans in an attempt to combat crime in that city.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_18", "text": "February 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)", "text": "French Louisiana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Rigaud_de_Vaudreuil", "text": "Marquis de Vaudreuil", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans", "text": "New Orleans", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 25 – For the last time, New Year's Day is legally on March 25, in England and Wales and \"in all his Majesty's Dominions in Europe, Asia, Africa and America\" due to the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750. The months of January 1751, February 1751 and most of March 1751 did not exist in British territories: those months were recorded as the last three of 1750 according to the Old Style dating system; the equivalent months a year later were recorded as the first three of 1752 under the New Style system.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_25", "text": "March 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year's_Day", "text": "New Year's Day", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England", "text": "England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales", "text": "Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750", "text": "Calendar (New Style) Act 1750", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates", "text": "Old Style dating system", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 31 – Frederick, Prince of Wales, heir-apparent to the British throne, dies of a pulmonary embolism at the age of 44 after a game of cricket. His 12-year-old son, Prince George, becomes the heir-apparent and will later become King George III. Frederick's widow Augusta of Saxe-Gotha becomes Dowager Princess of Wales.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_31", "text": "March 31", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales", "text": "Frederick, Prince of Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heir-apparent", "text": "heir-apparent", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom", "text": "King George III", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_of_Saxe-Gotha", "text": "Augusta of Saxe-Gotha", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowager", "text": "Dowager", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_of_Wales", "text": "Princess of Wales", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 5 – Sweden 's King Frederick I dies at the age of 74 (March 25 on the Julian calendar, which remains in effect in Sweden and Finland until 1753), after a reign of 31 years, bringing an end to the rule of Sweden by the House of Hesse because he has no legitimate heirs. Prince Adolf Frederick of the House of Holstein-Gottorp, who had been elected as the crown prince in 1743, becomes the new King.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_5", "text": "April 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden", "text": "Sweden", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Sweden", "text": "King Frederick I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hesse", "text": "House of Hesse", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Frederick,_King_of_Sweden", "text": "Prince Adolf Frederick", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Holstein-Gottorp_(Swedish_line)", "text": "House of Holstein-Gottorp", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 19 – the Qianlong Emperor of China visits the southern capital of Nanjing for the first time, bringing with him 3,000 staff and 6,690 horses and stays for four days", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_19", "text": "April 19", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor", "text": "Qianlong Emperor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing", "text": "Nanjing", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 20 – A month after the death of his father, 12-year old Prince George William Frederick is formally invested as the new Prince of Wales Nine years later, Prince George becomes King George III upon the death of his grandfather, King George II.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_20", "text": "April 20", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales", "text": "Prince of Wales", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 29 – The sport of cricket is first played in the American colonies, as a team of New Yorkers plays against a team of Englishmen and defeats them, 167 to 80, in a match in Greenwich Village", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_29", "text": "April 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket", "text": "cricket", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 11 – The Pennsylvania Hospital, first hospital in the American colonies, is chartered in Philadelphia by the Pennsylvania legislature, which grants the right to Benjamin Franklin and to Dr. Thomas Bond.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_11", "text": "May 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hospital", "text": "Pennsylvania Hospital", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia", "text": "Philadelphia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania", "text": "Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin", "text": "Benjamin Franklin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bond_(American_physician)", "text": "Dr. Thomas Bond", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 27 (May 13 Old Style) – Adoption of the Gregorian calendar: Royal assent is given to An Act for Regulating the Commencement of the Year; and for Correcting the Calendar now in Use (the \"Calendar Act\") passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, introducing the Gregorian Calendar, correcting the eleven-day difference between Old Style and New Style dates and making 1 January legally New Year's Day from 1752 in the British Empire. It is largely promoted by George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_27", "text": "May 27", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style", "text": "Old Style", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar", "text": "Adoption of the Gregorian calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_assent", "text": "Royal assent", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750", "text": "An Act for Regulating the Commencement of the Year; and for Correcting the Calendar now in Use", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Parliament of Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar", "text": "Gregorian Calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates", "text": "Old Style and New Style dates", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_January", "text": "1 January", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year's_Day", "text": "New Year's Day", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1752", "text": "1752", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Parker,_2nd_Earl_of_Macclesfield", "text": "George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 14 – The colony of South Carolina reverses a 10-year-old law that had imposed a tax of 100 pounds sterling on the purchase of imported African slaves, and reduces the tax to £10. The move effectively restores the slave trade to the colony.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_14", "text": "June 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina", "text": "South Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery", "text": "slave trade", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 28 – The first volume of Denis Diderot 's Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, often referred to as le Encyclopédie, is published", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_28", "text": "June 28", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Diderot", "text": "Denis Diderot", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopédie", "text": "Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 28 – Battle of Kirkhbulakh: The Kingdom of Kartli defeats a large army of the Tabriz Khanate, under Erekle II.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_28", "text": "July 28", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkhbulakh", "text": "Battle of Kirkhbulakh", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli_(1484–1762)", "text": "Kingdom of Kartli", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabriz_Khanate", "text": "Tabriz Khanate", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erekle_II", "text": "Erekle II", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 31 – Fire destroys 1,000 houses in Stockholm.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_31", "text": "July 31", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm", "text": "Stockholm", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 13 – The Academy and College of Philadelphia, predecessor to the private University of Pennsylvania, opens its doors, with Benjamin Franklin as president.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_13", "text": "August 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Academy_and_College_of_Philadelphia", "text": "The Academy and College of Philadelphia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania", "text": "University of Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin", "text": "Benjamin Franklin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 13 – Kalvária Banská Štiavnica in the Kingdom of Hungary is completed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13", "text": "September 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalvária_Banská_Štiavnica", "text": "Kalvária Banská Štiavnica", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary", "text": "Kingdom of Hungary", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "July – September" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 22 – William V, Prince of Orange, the three-year-old son of the late William IV, becomes the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic. During his minority, his mother, Princess Anne, acts as regent until her death in 1759. Upon becoming of age in 1766, he will have a corrupt reign as the Republic's head of state until the office is abolished on February 23, 1785.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_22", "text": "October 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_V,_Prince_of_Orange", "text": "William V, Prince of Orange", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtholder", "text": "Stadtholder", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic", "text": "Dutch Republic", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal_and_Princess_of_Orange", "text": "Princess Anne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent", "text": "regent", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 27 – The Hōreki period begins in Japan.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_27", "text": "October 27", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hōreki", "text": "Hōreki", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan", "text": "Japan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 14 – The 50-day long siege of the British fort of Trichinopoly (now Tiruchirappalli) in southern India is broken when the defenders use musket fire to force a stampede of the elephants of the French-backed troops of Chanda Sahib.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_14", "text": "November 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Trichinopoly_(1751–52)", "text": "siege of the British fort", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinopoly", "text": "Trichinopoly", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanda_Sahib", "text": "Chanda Sahib", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 17 Future United States President George Washington becomes seriously ill with smallpox while he and his older brother Lawrence are visiting the island of Barbados during an epidemic Washington, 19 years old, survives the virus but is bedridden for almost a month. The Pima Revolt begins in the area that now includes the Mexican state of Sonora and the U.S. state of Arizona, as Pima Indian leader Luis Oacpicagigua carries out the massacre of 18 Spanish settlers at Oacpicagigua's home in Sáric. The rebellion, which takes the lives of more than 100 Spaniards, is ended on March 18 after Governor Diego Ortiz Parilla permits the rebels to surrender for imprisonment.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_17", "text": "November 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington", "text": "George Washington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox", "text": "smallpox", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718–1752)", "text": "Lawrence", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados", "text": "Barbados", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pima_Revolt", "text": "Pima Revolt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Oacpicagigua", "text": "Luis Oacpicagigua", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sáric_Municipality", "text": "Sáric", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Future United States President George Washington becomes seriously ill with smallpox while he and his older brother Lawrence are visiting the island of Barbados during an epidemic Washington, 19 years old, survives the virus but is bedridden for almost a month.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington", "text": "George Washington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox", "text": "smallpox", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718–1752)", "text": "Lawrence", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados", "text": "Barbados", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Pima Revolt begins in the area that now includes the Mexican state of Sonora and the U.S. state of Arizona, as Pima Indian leader Luis Oacpicagigua carries out the massacre of 18 Spanish settlers at Oacpicagigua's home in Sáric. The rebellion, which takes the lives of more than 100 Spaniards, is ended on March 18 after Governor Diego Ortiz Parilla permits the rebels to surrender for imprisonment.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pima_Revolt", "text": "Pima Revolt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Oacpicagigua", "text": "Luis Oacpicagigua", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sáric_Municipality", "text": "Sáric", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 26 – Adolf Frederick is formally crowned as the King of Sweden. The coronation ceremony takes place almost eight months after he assumed the throne.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_26", "text": "November 26", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Frederick,_King_of_Sweden", "text": "Adolf Frederick", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Sweden", "text": "King of Sweden", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 29 – The Cherokee nation signs a treaty with British colonial authorities at the close of the two-week Charlestown Conference in Charleston, South Carolina, with Governor James Glen signing an agreement with Cherokee war chiefs led by the \"Old Skiagunsta \" of Keowee, the Raven of Hiwasee, Old Caesar of Chatuga and Kittagusta of Joree.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_29", "text": "November 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee", "text": "Cherokee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina", "text": "Charleston, South Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_South_Carolina", "text": "Governor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Glen", "text": "James Glen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiagusta", "text": "Skiagunsta", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 3 – Battle of Arnee in India (Second Carnatic War): A British East India Company –led force under Robert Clive defeats and routs a much larger Franco-Indian army, under the command of Raza Sahib, at Arni.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_3", "text": "December 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arnee", "text": "Battle of Arnee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India", "text": "India", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Carnatic_War", "text": "Second Carnatic War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Company", "text": "British East India Company", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clive", "text": "Robert Clive", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arani,_Chennai", "text": "Arni", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 14 – The Theresian Military Academy is founded in Wiener Neustadt, Austria.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_14", "text": "December 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresian_Military_Academy", "text": "Theresian Military Academy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt", "text": "Wiener Neustadt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "October – December" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "In the University of Glasgow (Scotland): Adam Smith is appointed professor of logic. The Medical School is founded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Glasgow", "text": "University of Glasgow", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith", "text": "Adam Smith", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Glasgow_Medical_School", "text": "Medical School", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Adam Smith is appointed professor of logic.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith", "text": "Adam Smith", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Medical School is founded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Glasgow_Medical_School", "text": "Medical School", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ferdinando Galiani publishes the first modern economic analysis, Della Moneta.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_Galiani", "text": "Ferdinando Galiani", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Della_Moneta", "text": "Della Moneta", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus publishes his Philosophia Botanica, the first textbook of descriptive systematic botanical taxonomy, and the first appearance of his binomial nomenclature.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedes", "text": "Swedish", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus", "text": "Carl Linnaeus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophia_Botanica", "text": "Philosophia Botanica", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematics", "text": "systematic", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)", "text": "taxonomy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature", "text": "binomial nomenclature", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Maria Theresa thaler is minted; it becomes an international currency.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa_thaler", "text": "Maria Theresa thaler", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1751 – 1775 – 13 per cent of appointees to audiencias in the Spanish Empire are Creoles.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1775", "text": "1775", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiencia_Real", "text": "audiencias", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empire", "text": "Spanish Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_peoples", "text": "Creoles", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Date unknown" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1752", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 1 – The British Empire (except Scotland, which had changed New Year's Day to January 1 in 1600) adopts today as the first day of the year as part of adoption of the Gregorian calendar, which is completed in September: today is the first day of the New Year under the terms of last year's Calendar Act of the British Parliament.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1", "text": "January 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire", "text": "British Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar", "text": "Gregorian calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750", "text": "Calendar Act", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 10 – Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in the United States, and the first to offer medical treatment to the mentally ill, admits its first patients at a temporary location in Philadelphia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_10", "text": "February 10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hospital", "text": "Pennsylvania Hospital", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital", "text": "hospital", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia", "text": "Philadelphia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 23 – Messier 83 (M83), the \" Southern Pinwheel Galaxy \" and the first to be cataloged outside the \" Local Group \" of galaxies nearest to Earth's galaxy, the Milky Way, is discovered by French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille. Lacaille, who observes M83 during a research voyage in the Southern Hemisphere, is the first to identify the body as a nebulous object rather than a star. M83, 15 million light-years away, is the most distant object to be identified up to that time.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_23", "text": "February 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_83", "text": "Messier 83", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pinwheel_Galaxy", "text": "Southern Pinwheel Galaxy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group", "text": "Local Group", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy", "text": "galaxies", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way", "text": "Milky Way", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas-Louis_de_Lacaille", "text": "Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year", "text": "light-years", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 27 – The Virginia Assembly passes a law making maiming a felony, in response to the practice of gouging.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_27", "text": "February 27", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly", "text": "Virginia Assembly", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutilation", "text": "maiming", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felony", "text": "felony", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouging_(fighting_style)", "text": "gouging", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 29 – Alaungpaya, a village chief in Upper Burma, founds the Konbaung Dynasty; by the time of his death 8 years later, he will have unified the whole country.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_29", "text": "February 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaungpaya", "text": "Alaungpaya", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Burma", "text": "Upper Burma", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konbaung_Dynasty", "text": "Konbaung Dynasty", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 14 – Shō Kei, the ruler of Okinawa Island and the Ryukyu Kingdom, dies at the age of 41 after a reign that began when he was 13 years old. He is succeeded by his 12-year-old son, Shō Boku, who reigns for 42 years.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_14", "text": "March 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shō_Kei", "text": "Shō Kei", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Island", "text": "Okinawa Island", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom", "text": "Ryukyu Kingdom", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shō_Boku", "text": "Shō Boku", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 18 – The electors of the Republic of Venice (which includes not only a large part of northern Italy around the city of Venice, but portions of Eastern Europe along the Adriatic Sea) elect Francesco Loredan as their new executive, the Doge. Loredan's election comes 11 days after the death of the previous Doge, Pietro Grimani, but is not announced until after Easter Sunday.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_18", "text": "March 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Venice", "text": "Republic of Venice", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice", "text": "Venice", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Sea", "text": "Adriatic Sea", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Loredan", "text": "Francesco Loredan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge_of_Venice", "text": "Doge", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Grimani", "text": "Pietro Grimani", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 23 The Halifax Gazette, the first Canadian newspaper, is published. Ava, capital of the Kingdom of Burma, is sacked by Hanthawaddy Kingdom, led by King Binnya Dala.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_23", "text": "March 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_Gazette", "text": "Halifax Gazette", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwa", "text": "Ava", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restored_Hanthawaddy_Kingdom", "text": "Hanthawaddy Kingdom", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnya_Dala", "text": "Binnya Dala", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Halifax Gazette, the first Canadian newspaper, is published.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_Gazette", "text": "Halifax Gazette", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Ava, capital of the Kingdom of Burma, is sacked by Hanthawaddy Kingdom, led by King Binnya Dala.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwa", "text": "Ava", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restored_Hanthawaddy_Kingdom", "text": "Hanthawaddy Kingdom", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnya_Dala", "text": "Binnya Dala", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 6 – Spanish Governor Tomás Vélez Cachupín of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, a province that now comprises most of the American state of New Mexico, begins the first peace negotiations with the indigenous Comanche tribe after inviting tribal representatives to his home in Taos. As a sign of good faith, he unconditionally releases the four Comanche prisoners of war held at Taos. One of the released Comanches reports to his father, Chief Guanacante, about the hospitality extended to him during his imprisonment, and more meetings take place in July and in the autumn.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_6", "text": "April 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomás_Vélez_Cachupín", "text": "Tomás Vélez Cachupín", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_México", "text": "Santa Fe de Nuevo México", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico", "text": "New Mexico", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche", "text": "Comanche", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico", "text": "Taos", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 12 The Kingdom of Afghanistan, under the rule of Ahmad Shah Durrani, recaptures the city of Lahore four years after its capture by the Sikhs of Punjab. The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Spain's Royal Academy of the Fine Arts, is formally established in Spain, eight years after first being proposed to King Fernando VI by Jeronimo Antonio Gil as a small school in Madrid. The foundation of the Royal Academy is considered by historians to be \"an essential step in modernizing Spain\" during the Spanish Enlightenment.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_12", "text": "April 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan", "text": "Afghanistan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani", "text": "Ahmad Shah Durrani", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore", "text": "Lahore", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhs", "text": "Sikhs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando", "text": "Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain", "text": "Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid", "text": "Madrid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Enlightenment", "text": "Spanish Enlightenment", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Kingdom of Afghanistan, under the rule of Ahmad Shah Durrani, recaptures the city of Lahore four years after its capture by the Sikhs of Punjab.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan", "text": "Afghanistan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani", "text": "Ahmad Shah Durrani", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore", "text": "Lahore", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhs", "text": "Sikhs", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Spain's Royal Academy of the Fine Arts, is formally established in Spain, eight years after first being proposed to King Fernando VI by Jeronimo Antonio Gil as a small school in Madrid. The foundation of the Royal Academy is considered by historians to be \"an essential step in modernizing Spain\" during the Spanish Enlightenment.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando", "text": "Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain", "text": "Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid", "text": "Madrid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Enlightenment", "text": "Spanish Enlightenment", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 13 – The oldest property insurance company in the United States, \" Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire\", holds its organizational meeting at the courthouse in Philadelphia to elect a board of directors, largely through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin. Franklin's newspaper, The Pennsylvania Gazette, has been advertising the meeting since February 18, with a notice that \"All persons inclined to subscribe to the articles of insurance of houses from fire, in or near this city, are desired to appear at the Court-house, where attendance will be given, to take in their subscriptions, every seventh day of the week, in the afternoon, until the 13th of April next, being the day appointed by the said articles for electing twelve directors and a treasurer.\" The property insurance company is still in existence more than 250 years later.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_13", "text": "April 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Contributionship", "text": "Philadelphia Contributionship", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin", "text": "Benjamin Franklin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pennsylvania_Gazette", "text": "The Pennsylvania Gazette", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 22 – Adam Smith, appointed the year before as a professor of logic, is unanimously elected by the faculty of the University of Glasgow to be the new Professor of Moral Philosophy \"on the express condition that he would content himself with the emoluments of the Logic Professorship until 10 October\", in that the 1751-1752 salary budgeted for the job has already been distributed to faculty members who had substituted for the previous moral philosophy professor, Thomas Craigie; from April to October, Smith's remuneration for teaching moral philosophy is limited to fees paid directly to him by his students (a half guinea per semester for the public class, and a guinea per semester for the private class). Smith's lectures on ethics are first published in 1759 in his work The Theory of Moral Sentiments.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_22", "text": "April 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith", "text": "Adam Smith", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Glasgow", "text": "University of Glasgow", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_guinea", "text": "half guinea", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_(coin)", "text": "guinea", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Moral_Sentiments", "text": "The Theory of Moral Sentiments", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 10 – At Marly-la-Ville in France, physicist Thomas-François Dalibard successfully conducts the kite experiment proposed by Benjamin Franklin in the 1750 book Franklin's Experiments and Observations on Electricity.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_10", "text": "May 10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marly-la-Ville", "text": "Marly-la-Ville", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas-François_Dalibard", "text": "Thomas-François Dalibard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite_experiment", "text": "kite experiment", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin", "text": "Benjamin Franklin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June – Benjamin Franklin reportedly carries out his famous kite experiment, duplicating experiments that show that lightning and electricity are the same. According to Franklin, lightning strikes the kite that he is flying during a thunderstorm and produces sparks identical to what he has previously generated artificially in a Leyden jar. However, the report of his experiment is not made until October 19, in Franklin's newspaper, The Pennsylvania Gazette, leading 20th century researchers to doubt that he conducted the experiment, if at all, until sometime after September 28, when he had written in the Gazette about other such experiments, and that he was making a claim that he had conceived the experiment independently.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June", "text": "June", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin", "text": "Benjamin Franklin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite_experiment", "text": "kite experiment", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning", "text": "lightning", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity", "text": "electricity", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyden_jar", "text": "Leyden jar", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 3 – A fire destroys 13,000 houses in Moscow in the Russian Empire, only 11 days after a May 23 fire destroyed 5,000 homes; by June 6, two-thirds of the city has been damaged or destroyed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_3", "text": "June 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow", "text": "Moscow", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire", "text": "Russian Empire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 13 – The Treaty of Logstown is signed by representatives of the Iroquois Confederation, Lenape and Shawnee leaders, and commissioners from Virginia, headed by Joshua Fry. Christopher Gist and William Trent represent the Ohio Company. The treaty grants control over lands south and east of the Ohio River to the English, along with permission to build a fort on the site of what is now Pittsburgh.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_13", "text": "June 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logstown#Treaty_of_Logstown,_1752", "text": "Treaty of Logstown", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois_Confederation", "text": "Iroquois Confederation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenape", "text": "Lenape", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnee", "text": "Shawnee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Fry", "text": "Joshua Fry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Gist", "text": "Christopher Gist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Trent", "text": "William Trent", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Company", "text": "Ohio Company", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh", "text": "Pittsburgh", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 21 – Pickawillany (now Piqua, Ohio), the capital of the Miami Indian nation, is attacked and burned by Odawa, Ojibwe and French soldiers under the command of Odawa War Chief Charles Michel de Langlade.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_21", "text": "June 21", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickawillany", "text": "Pickawillany", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piqua,_Ohio", "text": "Piqua, Ohio", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_people", "text": "Miami Indian nation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odawa", "text": "Odawa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwe", "text": "Ojibwe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "French", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Michel_de_Langlade", "text": "Charles Michel de Langlade", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 1 – In Istanbul, Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha is dismissed from his position as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire by the Ottoman Sultan, Mahmud I. The Sultan appoints Çorlulu Ali Pasha as the new Grand Vizier.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1", "text": "July 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul", "text": "Istanbul", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divitdar_Mehmed_Emin_Pasha", "text": "Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire", "text": "Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I", "text": "Mahmud I", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 30 – The first of the Kronstadt canals, conceived by Peter the Great and designed to link two of the harbors of the Russian city, is completed and opened to maritime traffic.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_30", "text": "July 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronstadt", "text": "Kronstadt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_the_Great", "text": "Peter the Great", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 3 – Edward Cornwallis, the British Governor of Nova Scotia, is recalled to Britain after being unsuccessful in pressuring Nova Scotia's Acadian population to take an oath of allegiance to the Crown or to face expulsion. His replacement, Peregrine Hopson, is more lenient with the Acadians but is reassigned less than two years later.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_3", "text": "August 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Cornwallis", "text": "Edward Cornwallis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Nova_Scotia", "text": "Governor of Nova Scotia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrine_Hopson", "text": "Peregrine Hopson", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 21 – A group of Scottish Presbyterians who had fled to America from Scotland held the first Covenanter communion in the 13 American colonies, meeting in New Kingstown, Pennsylvania.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_21", "text": "August 21", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenanter", "text": "Covenanter", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Kingstown,_Pennsylvania", "text": "New Kingstown, Pennsylvania", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 25 – The first group of the United Brethren church, commonly called the Moravians, leaves Bethlehem, Pennsylvania on a mission to find 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) of land on which to build \"Villages of the Lord\" for German emigres to settle upon in America; after a 450-mile (720 km) journey, they arrive in Edenton, North Carolina on September 10 and eventually purchase the Wachovia Tract, a set of lands in the western North Carolina colony.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_25", "text": "August 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehem,_Pennsylvania", "text": "Bethlehem, Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edenton,_North_Carolina", "text": "Edenton, North Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachovia_Tract", "text": "Wachovia Tract", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina", "text": "North Carolina", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 2 of Julian calendar (Wednesday) (September 13 \" New Style \") – Great Britain and the British Empire use the Julian calendar for the last time and adopt the Gregorian calendar, making the next day Thursday, September 14 in the English-speaking world. A newspaper at the time notes the next day that \"Altho' we have more than once, for the Information of our Readers, publish'd some Accounts of the Alteration of the Style, which took Place this Day, agreeable to a late Act of Parliament, in all his Majesty's Dominions in Europe, Asia, Africa and America\" and notes that \"The Supputation of the Year began on the first Day of January last, and for the future the first Day of that Month will be stiled the first Day of every Year in all Accounts whatsoever, which Supputation or Reckoning never took Place before this Year in any Courts of Law until the 25th Day of March\", and adds, \"This Day, had not this Act passed, would have been the 3rd of September, but is now reckoned the 14th, eleven nominal Days being omitted.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2", "text": "September 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar", "text": "Julian calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates", "text": "New Style", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire", "text": "British Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar", "text": "Gregorian calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750", "text": "a late Act of Parliament", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "July – September" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 19 — In his Philadelphia newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette, Benjamin Franklin first describes the performance, in Philadelphia of the kite experiment that he had proposed in his 1750 book. Although the original account makes no claim that he was the first to do the experiment (which had been done by other scientists (including Thomas-François Dalibard in May), nor that he conducted the test, and it does not give a date for the experiment, it becomes embellished as the story that Franklin \"discovered electricity\"; in 1766, the story first circulates that Franklin flew the kite in June, 1752, without specifying a date (as Franklin had done in other scientific accounts).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_19", "text": "October 19", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Gazette", "text": "Pennsylvania Gazette", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin", "text": "Benjamin Franklin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia", "text": "Philadelphia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite_experiment", "text": "kite experiment", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 3 – A hurricane destroys the Spanish settlement on Florida's Santa Rosa Island, leaving only two buildings standing; the remaining residents decide to move from the barrier island on the Gulf of Mexico and to start a settlement on the nearby mainland and construct the Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola, which later forms the nucleus of the city of Pensacola, Florida.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_3", "text": "November 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Island_(Florida)", "text": "Santa Rosa Island", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrier_island", "text": "barrier island", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida", "text": "Pensacola, Florida", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 8 – British Governor Hopson of Nova Scotia and French Governor General of New France, the Marquis Duquesne, agree to a free exchange of deserters from each other's armies in Canada, with the understanding that neither side will execute a deserter once returned.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_8", "text": "November 8", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia", "text": "Nova Scotia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_France", "text": "Governor General of New France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel-Ange_Duquesne_de_Menneville", "text": "Marquis Duquesne", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 22 – \" Father Le Loutre's War \", the war between the British Canadian colonists of Nova Scotia and the indigenous Mi'kmaq (Micmac) tribe halts temporarily when a peace treaty is signed between the warring parties at Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia. Governor Hopson, accompanied by former Governor Cornwallis, signs on behalf of the British and Chief Kopit (Jean-Baptiste Cope), the Sakamaw of the Mi'kmaq, signs on behalf of his people.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_22", "text": "November 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Le_Loutre's_War", "text": "Father Le Loutre's War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia", "text": "Nova Scotia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi'kmaq", "text": "Mi'kmaq", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_1752", "text": "peace treaty", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shubenacadie,_Nova_Scotia", "text": "Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Cope", "text": "Jean-Baptiste Cope", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 5 – The first presentation of a Shakespearean play in America is performed when a company of players stages The Merchant of Venice in Williamsburg, Virginia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_5", "text": "December 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice", "text": "The Merchant of Venice", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia", "text": "Williamsburg, Virginia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "October – December" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1753", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 3 – King Binnya Dala of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom orders the burning of Ava, the former capital of the Kingdom of Burma.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_3", "text": "January 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnya_Dala", "text": "Binnya Dala", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restored_Hanthawaddy_Kingdom", "text": "Hanthawaddy Kingdom", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwa", "text": "Ava", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 29 – After a month's absence, Elizabeth Canning returns to her mother's home in London and claims that she was abducted; the following criminal trial causes an uproar.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_29", "text": "January 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Canning", "text": "Elizabeth Canning", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 17 – The concept of electrical telegraphy is first published in the form of a letter to Scots' Magazine from a writer who identifies himself only as \"C.M.\". Titled \"An Expeditious Method of Conveying Intelligence\", C.M. suggests that static electricity (generated by 1753 from \"frictional machines\") could send electric signals across wires to a receiver. Rather than the dot and dash system later used by Samuel F.B. Morse, C.M. proposes that \"a set of wires equal in number to the letters of the alphabet, be extended horizontally between two given places\" and that on the receiving side, \"Let a ball be suspended from every wire\" and that a paper with a letter on it be underneath each wire.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_17", "text": "February 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_telegraph", "text": "electrical telegraphy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity", "text": "static electricity", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 1 – Sweden adopts the Gregorian calendar, by skipping the 11 days difference between it and the Julian calendar, and letting February 17 be followed directly by March 1.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1", "text": "March 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden", "text": "Sweden", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar", "text": "Gregorian calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar", "text": "Julian calendar", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 16 – The Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753 is passed by Britain's House of Lords, permitting Jewish immigrants to England to become naturalized citizens \"without receiving the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper\". The bill, introduced by George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, passes the House of Commons on May 22.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_16", "text": "April 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Naturalisation_Act_1753", "text": "Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lords", "text": "House of Lords", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Montagu-Dunk,_2nd_Earl_of_Halifax", "text": "George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom", "text": "House of Commons", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 1 – Species Plantarum is published by Linnaeus (adopted by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature as the formal start date of the scientific classification of plants).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1", "text": "May 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_Plantarum", "text": "Species Plantarum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus", "text": "Linnaeus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Botanical_Nomenclature", "text": "International Code of Botanical Nomenclature", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_classification", "text": "scientific classification", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant", "text": "plants", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 22 – The Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753 passes the House of Commons and later receives royal assent from King George II.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_22", "text": "May 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Naturalisation_Act_1753", "text": "Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom", "text": "House of Commons", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain", "text": "King George II", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 6 – The Parliament of Great Britain passes Lord Hardwicke 's Marriage Act \"for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage\" in England and Wales. King George II adjourns Parliament the next day; the act comes into effect on March 25, 1754.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_6", "text": "June 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Parliament of Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Hardwicke", "text": "Lord Hardwicke", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_Act_1753", "text": "Marriage Act", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_and_Wales", "text": "England and Wales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1754", "text": "1754", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 7 – The British Museum is established in London, by Act of Parliament.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_7", "text": "June 7", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum", "text": "British Museum", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 7 – The Parliament of Great Britain's Jewish Naturalization Act receives royal assent, allowing naturalization to Jews; it is repealed in 1754.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_7", "text": "July 7", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Naturalization_Act_1753", "text": "Jewish Naturalization Act", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_assent", "text": "royal assent", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalization", "text": "naturalization", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew", "text": "Jews", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1754", "text": "1754", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 6 – Russian scientist Georg Richmann becomes the first person to be electrocuted by his own equipment after he uses an insulated, but improperly grounded, lightning rod in an attempt to gather data on a thunderstorm. Richmann also becomes the first victim of ball lightning during his scientific experiment, in an attempt to replicate the experiments of American Benjamin Franklin.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_6", "text": "August 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Richmann", "text": "Georg Richmann", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_lightning", "text": "ball lightning", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin", "text": "Benjamin Franklin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 7 – The Unity of Brethren, a branch of the Moravian Church, receives a grant the Wachovia Tract, 99,985 acres (404.62 km) of land (approximately 157 square miles), in western North Carolina, for the benefit of German-speaking immigrants to America. The area now includes Winston-Salem, North Carolina.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_7", "text": "August 7", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church", "text": "Unity of Brethren", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachovia_Tract", "text": "Wachovia Tract", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina", "text": "North Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina", "text": "Winston-Salem, North Carolina", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 21 – After receiving a series of warnings about incursions into land claimed by the Crown Colony of Virginia (from the colony's Lieutenant Governor, Robert Dinwiddie), the cabinet of British Prime Minister Henry Pelham votes to send a warning to Britain's colonial governors \"to prevent, by Force, These and any such attempts\" to encroach on their lands \"that may be made by the French, or by the Indians in the French interest.\" Britain's Secretary of State for the Southern Department, the Earl of Holderness, sends the circular order on August 28.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_21", "text": "August 21", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dinwiddie", "text": "Robert Dinwiddie", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Pelham", "text": "Henry Pelham", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Darcy,_4th_Earl_of_Holderness", "text": "Earl of Holderness", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 3 – Tanacharison, a chief of the Oneida people tribe that is one of the \"Six Nations\" of the Iroquois Confederacy, meets with French officers who have come into the Ohio and Allegheny region and warns them not to advance further into the Iroquois territory.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_3", "text": "September 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanacharison", "text": "Tanacharison", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida_people", "text": "Oneida people", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois_Confederacy", "text": "Iroquois Confederacy", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 18 – Britain's Board of Trade sends a directive to the colonial and provincial governors of Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania ordering them to send delegates to a summit meeting with the Iroquois Confederacy. The message instructs the governors that King George II has ordered \"a Sum of Money to be issued for Presents to the Six Nations of Indians\" and ordering New York's Governor George Clinton \"to hold an Interview with them for delivering these Presents, for burying the Hatchet, and for renewing the Covenant Chain with them.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_18", "text": "September 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Trade", "text": "Board of Trade", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Clinton_(Royal_Navy_officer)", "text": "George Clinton", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "July – September" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 31 – Virginia Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie commissions 21-year-old militia Major George Washington to dissuade the French from occupying the Ohio Country.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_31", "text": "October 31", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia", "text": "Virginia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington", "text": "George Washington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_France", "text": "French", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Country", "text": "Ohio Country", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 12 – Spain 's King Fernando VI issues a set of 25 regulations and restrictions for theatrical performances, including a requirement that the directors of the acting troupes \"take the greatest care that the necessary modesty is preserved\" and that the actors should be reminded that chastity requires that \"indecent and provocative\" dances should be avoided.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_12", "text": "November 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain", "text": "Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain", "text": "King Fernando VI", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 12 – A fire destroys the Emperor's Palace in Moscow.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_12", "text": "November 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow", "text": "Moscow", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 24 – José Alfonso Pizarro completes more than four years as the Spanish Viceroy of New Granada (which comprises modern-day Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador) and is succeeded by José Solís Folch de Cardona.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_24", "text": "November 24", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Alfonso_Pizarro", "text": "José Alfonso Pizarro", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Viceroys_of_New_Granada", "text": "Viceroy of New Granada", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Solís_Folch_de_Cardona", "text": "José Solís Folch de Cardona", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 25 – The Russian Academy of Sciences announces a competition among chemists and physicists to provide \"the best explanation of the true causes of electricity including their theory\", with a deadline of June 1, 1755 (on the Julian calendar used in Russia, June 12 on the Gregorian calendar used in Western Europe and the New World).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_25", "text": "November 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences", "text": "Russian Academy of Sciences", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 11 – Major George Washington and British guide Christopher Gist arrive at Fort Le Boeuf (near modern-day Waterford, Pennsylvania and the city of Erie), a French fortress built in territory claimed by the British Crown Colony of Virginia. Washington presents the fort's commander, French Army Captain Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, a message from Virginia's Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie advising that \"The lands upon the Ohio River are so notoriously known to be the property of the Crown of Great Britain that it is a matter of equal concern and surprise... to hear that a body of French fortresses and making settlements upon that river, within His Majesty's dominions,\" adding that \"It becomes my duty to require your peaceable departure.\" Captain Legardeur provides a reply for Washington to take to Dinwiddie, declaring that the rights of France's King Louis XV to the land \"are incontestable\", and refuses to back down, leading to beginning of the French and Indian War in 1754.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_11", "text": "December 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Gist", "text": "Christopher Gist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Le_Boeuf", "text": "Fort Le Boeuf", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterford,_Pennsylvania", "text": "Waterford, Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania", "text": "Erie", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Legardeur_de_Saint-Pierre", "text": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France", "text": "King Louis XV", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "October – December" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "James Lind writes A Treatise of the Scurvy.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lind", "text": "James Lind", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Robert Wood publishes The ruins of Palmyra; otherwise Tedmor in the desart in English and French, making the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra known to the West.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wood_(antiquarian)", "text": "Robert Wood", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language", "text": "English", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language", "text": "French", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria", "text": "Syrian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra", "text": "Palmyra", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Cramer family starts a brewing operation at Warstein in North Rhine-Westphalia, originating the Warsteiner brand.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warstein", "text": "Warstein", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsteiner", "text": "Warsteiner", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Date unknown" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1754", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 28 – Horace Walpole, in a letter to Horace Mann, coins the word serendipity.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_28", "text": "January 28", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Walpole", "text": "Horace Walpole", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serendipity", "text": "serendipity", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 22 – Expecting an attack by Portuguese-speaking militias in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, the indigenous Guarani people residing in the Misiones Orientales stage an attack on a small Brazilian Portuguese settlement on the Rio Pardo in what is now the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The attack by 300 Guarani soldiers from the missions at San Luis, San Lorenzo and San Juan Bautista is repelled with a loss of 30 Guarani and is the opening of the Guarani War", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_22", "text": "February 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_Río_de_la_Plata", "text": "Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_people", "text": "Guarani people", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misiones_Orientales", "text": "Misiones Orientales", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardo_River_(Rio_Grande_do_Sul)", "text": "Rio Pardo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul", "text": "Rio Grande do Sul", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_War", "text": "Guarani War", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 25 – Guatemalan Sergeant Major Melchor de Mencos y Varón departs the city of Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala with an infantry battalion to fight British pirates that are reportedly disembarking on the coasts of Petén (modern-day Belize), and sacking the nearby towns.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_25", "text": "February 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala", "text": "Guatemalan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize", "text": "Belize", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 16 – Ten days after the death of British Prime Minister Henry Pelham, his brother Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, forms a government as the new Prime Minister of Great Britain.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_16", "text": "March 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Pelham", "text": "Henry Pelham", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle", "text": "Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Prime Minister of Great Britain", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 25 – The Clandestine Marriages Act of 1753 comes into force in England and Wales, placing marriage in that jurisdiction on a statutory basis for the first time.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_25", "text": "March 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clandestine_Marriages_Act", "text": "Clandestine Marriages Act", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1753", "text": "1753", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_and_Wales", "text": "England and Wales", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 30 – Battle of San Felipe and the Cobá Lagoon: Guatemalan Sergeant Mayor Melchor de Mencos y Varón and his troops defeat the British pirates.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_30", "text": "April 30", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 14 – The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews is founded in Scotland.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_14", "text": "May 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_and_Ancient_Golf_Club_of_St_Andrews", "text": "The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland", "text": "Scotland", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 28 – French and Indian War: Battle of Jumonville Glen – The war begins when George Washington, 22, leads a company of militia from the Colony of Virginia, in an ambush on a force of 35 French Canadians.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_28", "text": "May 28", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen", "text": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington", "text": "George Washington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia_(United_States)", "text": "militia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia", "text": "Colony of Virginia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Canadian", "text": "French Canadians", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 19 – The Albany Congress of seven northern colonies proposes an American Union.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_19", "text": "June 19", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Congress", "text": "Albany Congress", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States", "text": "American Union", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 3 – French and Indian War – Battle of Fort Necessity: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French Capt. Louis Coulon de Villiers.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_3", "text": "July 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity", "text": "Battle of Fort Necessity", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington", "text": "George Washington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Necessity_National_Battlefield", "text": "Fort Necessity", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Coulon_de_Villiers", "text": "Louis Coulon de Villiers", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 10 – The Albany Plan of Union is given official approval by the delegates from New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Massachusetts, with Connecticut opposing. The plan approved at the meeting in Albany, New York is based on Benjamin Franklin 's suggestions of \"a general union of the British colonies on the continent\" for a common defense policy. As amended at the assembly, the proposed union calls for the British Parliament to approve the arrangement, which would encompass all of the British North American colonies except for Georgia and Nova Scotia. The plan, to be considered by the individual colonies for ratification, provides for an inter-colonial legislature (the Grand Council) composed of between two and seven representatives for each colony, depending on population. It also provides for a \"President General\" who can veto Grand Council legislation, a common defense budget with colonies contributing proportionately to their representation, and an inter-colonial army whose officers would be selected by the Grand Council.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_10", "text": "July 10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Plan_of_Union", "text": "Albany Plan of Union", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany,_New_York", "text": "Albany, New York", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin", "text": "Benjamin Franklin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)", "text": "Georgia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia", "text": "Nova Scotia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 17 – Classes begin at Columbia University, founded on October 31 as King's College by royal charter of King George II of Great Britain. The college is originally located in Lower Manhattan in the Province of New York. Instruction is suspended in 1776, and the school reopens in 1784 as Columbia College. With the college's growth in the 19th Century, it is renamed Columbia University in 1896.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_17", "text": "July 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University", "text": "Columbia University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_charter", "text": "royal charter", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain", "text": "George II of Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_New_York", "text": "Province of New York", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776", "text": "1776", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1784", "text": "1784", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896", "text": "1896", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 6 – The British North American Province of Georgia is created. Originally established in 1732 as a place for impoverished English citizens and debt prison parolees to make a new life, is given its first royal government. Administered for 22 years by the Board of Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America, chaired by philanthropist James Oglethorpe, the colony is transferred by the Trustees to the British crown's Board of Trade and Plantations. King George II, for whom the colony was named, follows the Board's recommendation by proclaiming Georgia a royal province, and appointing Royal Navy Captain John Reynolds as the first Royal Governor. Reynolds arrives in Savannah on October 29 to take office.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_6", "text": "August 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Georgia", "text": "Province of Georgia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1732", "text": "1732", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trustees_for_the_Establishment_of_the_Colony_of_Georgia_in_America", "text": "Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Oglethorpe", "text": "James Oglethorpe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Trade_and_Plantations", "text": "Board of Trade and Plantations", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain", "text": "King George II", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reynolds_(Royal_Navy_officer)", "text": "John Reynolds", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia", "text": "Savannah", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 17 – Pennsylvania becomes the first of the British colonies to address Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan for an inter-colonial union. With Franklin absent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania's House of Representatives votes against to not consider the Plan at all, and to not refer it to the next legislative session for debate.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_17", "text": "August 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Plan", "text": "Albany Plan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia", "text": "Philadelphia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania#Government", "text": "Pennsylvania's House of Representatives", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 19 – Lieutenant Colonel George Washington is forced to confront his first mutiny as 25 members of his Virginia militia refuse to obey orders from their officers. Washington, who is attending church services at the time, quickly suppresses the rebellion and the mutineers are imprisoned before more join.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_19", "text": "August 19", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington", "text": "George Washington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiny", "text": "mutiny", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 30 – New Hampshire settlers Susannah Willard Johnson and her family are taken hostage by the Abenaki Indians during an attack near Charlestown. Nine months pregnant at the time of their capture, Johnson gives birth two days later to a child, whom she names Elizabeth Captive Johnson. For the next two years, the family is held for ransom in Canada before she is released. In 1796, she will recount the story in a popular memoir, A Narrative of the Captivity of Mrs. Johnson.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_30", "text": "August 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire", "text": "New Hampshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susannah_Willard_Johnson", "text": "Susannah Willard Johnson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenaki", "text": "Abenaki", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlestown,_New_Hampshire", "text": "Charlestown", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 2 – A powerful earthquake strikes Constantinople shortly after 9 o'clock in the evening. A Scottish physician, Mordach Mackenzie, reports in a letter that the tremor damaged or destroyed numerous buildings and comments, \"Some say there were 2000 people destroyed by this calamity, in the town and suburbs; some 900; and others reduce them to 60, who, by what I have seen, are nearer the truth.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2", "text": "September 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake", "text": "earthquake", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople", "text": "Constantinople", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 11 – Anthony Henday, an English explorer, becomes the first white man to reach the Canadian Rockies, after climbing a ridge above the Red Deer River near what is now Innisfail, Alberta.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11", "text": "September 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Henday", "text": "Anthony Henday", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Rockies", "text": "Canadian Rockies", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Deer_River", "text": "Red Deer River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innisfail,_Alberta", "text": "Innisfail, Alberta", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "July – September" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 24 – China 's Qianlong Emperor reverses a longstanding policy that barred Chinese subjects from ever returning to China if they remained out of the country for more than three years.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_24", "text": "October 24", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China", "text": "China", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor", "text": "Qianlong Emperor", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 31 – What will become Columbia University is chartered as \"a College in the Province of New York... in the City of New York in America... named King's College\", with the charter submitted by New York's colonial governor, James De Lancey.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_31", "text": "October 31", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University", "text": "Columbia University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_De_Lancey", "text": "James De Lancey", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 28 – Denmark establishes the Renteskirverkontor, an office within the Chamber of Finance, to oversee the colonial affairs of the Danish West Indies (Dansk Vestindien). Peder Mariager, who had been a minor official of the Danish West Indies Company, becomes the first administrator. The colony, consisting of the islands of Saint Thomas, Saint John and Saint Croix later is purchased by the United States from Denmark and is now the U.S. Virgin Islands.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_28", "text": "November 28", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_West_Indies", "text": "Danish West Indies", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Virgin_Islands", "text": "U.S. Virgin Islands", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 29 – Karim Khan Zand, the King of Persia (now Iran) recaptures the city of Shiraz from Afghan warlord Azad Khan Afghan, who had taken control of much of central Iran since 1749.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_29", "text": "November 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim_Khan_Zand", "text": "Karim Khan Zand", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia", "text": "King of Persia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran", "text": "Iran", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz", "text": "Shiraz", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan", "text": "Afghan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Khan_Afghan", "text": "Azad Khan Afghan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 13 – Osman III succeeds his brother Mahmud I as Ottoman Emperor; he will rule until his death in 1757.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_13", "text": "December 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_III", "text": "Osman III", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I", "text": "Mahmud I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Emperor", "text": "Ottoman Emperor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1757", "text": "1757", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 26 – Massachusetts becomes the third colony (after Pennsylvania and Connecticut) to reject the Albany Plan for an inter-colonial union, voting 48 to 31 to postpone consideration of the union question indefinitely.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_26", "text": "December 26", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Plan", "text": "Albany Plan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "October – December" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Surveyor William Churton lays out what will become the seat of Orange County, North Carolina. The town is named Corbin Town for Francis Corbin, a member of the North Carolina governor's council. Corbin Town is renamed Childsburgh in 1759, and finally Hillsborough in 1766.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Churton", "text": "William Churton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_North_Carolina", "text": "Orange County", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Colony_of_North_Carolina", "text": "North Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1759", "text": "1759", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillsborough,_North_Carolina", "text": "Hillsborough", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766", "text": "1766", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "St. Florian's Martyr Greek Catholic Church, Budapest is built.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Florian's_Martyr_Greek_Catholic_Church,_Budapest", "text": "St. Florian's Martyr Greek Catholic Church, Budapest", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Marian apparition at Las Lajas in Colombia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_apparition", "text": "Marian apparition", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Lajas_Shrine", "text": "Las Lajas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia", "text": "Colombia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Date unknown" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1755", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 23 (O. S. January 12, Tatiana Day, nowadays celebrated on January 25) – Moscow University is established.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_23", "text": "January 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatiana_Day", "text": "Tatiana Day", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University", "text": "Moscow University", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 13 – Treaty of Giyanti: The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating the sultanate of Yogyakarta and the sunanate of Surakarta.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_13", "text": "February 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Giyanti", "text": "Treaty of Giyanti", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataram_Sultanate", "text": "Mataram", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java", "text": "Java", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate", "text": "Yogyakarta", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta_Sunanate", "text": "Surakarta", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 12 – A steam engine is used in the American colonies for the first time as New Jersey copper mine owner Arent Schuyler installs a Newcomen atmospheric engine to pump water out of a mineshaft.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_12", "text": "March 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey", "text": "New Jersey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine", "text": "Newcomen atmospheric engine", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 22 – Britain's House of Commons votes in favor of £1,000,000 of appropriations to expand the British Army and Royal Navy operations in North America.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_22", "text": "March 22", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 26 – General Edward Braddock and 1,600 British sailors and soldiers arrive at Alexandria, Virginia on transport ships that have sailed up the Potomac River. Braddock, sent to take command of the British forces against the French in North America, commandeers taverns and private homes to feed and house the troops.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_26", "text": "March 26", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock", "text": "Edward Braddock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia", "text": "Alexandria, Virginia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac_River", "text": "Potomac River", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 2 – A naval fleet, led by Commodore William James of the East India Company, captures Tulaji Angre's fortress Suvarnadurg from the Marathas.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2", "text": "April 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_James,_1st_Baronet", "text": "William James", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company", "text": "East India Company", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvarnadurg", "text": "Suvarnadurg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire", "text": "Marathas", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 15 – A Dictionary of the English Language is published by Samuel Johnson (he had begun the work nine years earlier, in 1746).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_15", "text": "April 15", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language", "text": "A Dictionary of the English Language", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson", "text": "Samuel Johnson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1746", "text": "1746", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 3 – France dispatches 3,600 troops to protect its Canadian colonies in Quebec from a British invasion, dispatching 2,400 to Quebec city and 1,200 to Louisbourg in Nova Scotia, unaware that a squadron of 11 fully armed warships from Britain's Royal Navy had sailed toward Canada on April 27.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_3", "text": "May 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec", "text": "Quebec", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisbourg", "text": "Louisbourg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia", "text": "Nova Scotia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 17 – Spanish missionary Tomas Sanchez and three families establish a settlement on the north side of the Rio Grande in New Spain. Sanchez names it Villa de Laredo. The new settlement is the northernmost part of the colony of Nuevo Santander, founded by José de Escandón, 1st Count of Sierra Gorda, which now comprises parts of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas and the U.S. state of Texas. The portion of Villa de Laredo north of the river later becomes Laredo, Texas; the remaining portion south of the river is later renamed Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_17", "text": "May 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande", "text": "Rio Grande", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Spain", "text": "New Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laredo,_Texas", "text": "Villa de Laredo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_Santander", "text": "Nuevo Santander", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_de_Escandón,_1st_Count_of_Sierra_Gorda", "text": "José de Escandón, 1st Count of Sierra Gorda", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaulipas", "text": "Tamaulipas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas", "text": "Texas", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 19 – General Braddock hosts Iroquois leaders Scaroyady, Kaghswaghtaniunt and Silver Heels at Fort Cumberland, the British Army base in the colony of Maryland. The three chiefs pledge their alliance with the British in advance of Braddock's expedition into the Ohio Country.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_19", "text": "May 19", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Cumberland_(Maryland)", "text": "Fort Cumberland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland", "text": "Maryland", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 22 – The Province of Massachusetts Bay sends 2,000 troops to supplement other British Army and colonial forces in Acadia; the troops anchor at Chignecto Bay on June 1.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_22", "text": "May 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay", "text": "Province of Massachusetts Bay", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chignecto_Bay", "text": "Chignecto Bay", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 24 – France completes the construction of Fort Duquesne, its new base to the west of the British colony of Pennsylvania. The British capture the fort during the French and Indian War and rename it Fort Pitt. The site, at the junction of the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River, is now Pittsburgh.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_24", "text": "May 24", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Duquesne", "text": "Fort Duquesne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania)", "text": "Fort Pitt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh", "text": "Pittsburgh", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 30 – General Braddock's troops begin a difficult trek across the heavily wooded Allegheny Mountains from western Maryland into the Ohio country.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_30", "text": "May 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains", "text": "Allegheny Mountains", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 5 Scottish chemist Joseph Black describes his discovery of carbon dioxide (fixed air) and magnesium, in a paper to the Medical Society of Edinburgh. The paper is published in 1756 with the title Experiments upon Magnesia alba, Quicklime, and some other alkaline Substances. At the entrance of the Saint Lawrence River, a squadron of Royal Navy ships, under the command of British Admiral Edward Boscawen, intercepts the nine French ships dispatched to save Canada; seven of the nine ships are concealed by fog and are able to reach their destination; another of the transports escapes.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_5", "text": "June 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Black", "text": "Joseph Black", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide", "text": "carbon dioxide", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium", "text": "magnesium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh", "text": "Medical Society of Edinburgh", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River", "text": "Saint Lawrence River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy", "text": "Royal Navy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Boscawen", "text": "Edward Boscawen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Scottish chemist Joseph Black describes his discovery of carbon dioxide (fixed air) and magnesium, in a paper to the Medical Society of Edinburgh. The paper is published in 1756 with the title Experiments upon Magnesia alba, Quicklime, and some other alkaline Substances.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Black", "text": "Joseph Black", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide", "text": "carbon dioxide", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium", "text": "magnesium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh", "text": "Medical Society of Edinburgh", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "At the entrance of the Saint Lawrence River, a squadron of Royal Navy ships, under the command of British Admiral Edward Boscawen, intercepts the nine French ships dispatched to save Canada; seven of the nine ships are concealed by fog and are able to reach their destination; another of the transports escapes.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River", "text": "Saint Lawrence River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy", "text": "Royal Navy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Boscawen", "text": "Edward Boscawen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 16 – After a two-week siege, the French commander of Fort Beauséjour in North America surrenders to the British, marking the end of \" Father Le Loutre's War \".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_16", "text": "June 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Beauséjour", "text": "two-week siege", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Beauséjour", "text": "Fort Beauséjour", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Le_Loutre's_War", "text": "Father Le Loutre's War", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 23 – Most of the French troops dispatched to Canada arrive at Quebec, along with the new Governor General of New France, Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_23", "text": "June 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_France", "text": "Governor General of New France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Rigaud,_Marquis_de_Vaudreuil-Cavagnial", "text": "Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 27 – Iyoas I becomes the new Emperor of Ethiopia upon the death of his father, Iyasu II", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_27", "text": "June 27", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyoas_I", "text": "Iyoas I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia", "text": "Emperor of Ethiopia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyasu_II", "text": "Iyasu II", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 9 – French and Indian War – Braddock Expedition: British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat inflicted by French and Indian forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_9", "text": "July 9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braddock_Expedition", "text": "Braddock Expedition", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain", "text": "British", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_France", "text": "French", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock", "text": "Edward Braddock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington", "text": "George Washington", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 17 – In a convoy of ships from Great Britain, returning to India for the East India Company, the lead ship Doddington (on her third voyage) wrecks in Algoa Bay near modern-day Port Elizabeth in South Africa, losing 247 of its 270 passengers and crew, together with a chest of gold coins from Robert Clive worth £33,000. In 1998, 1,400 coins from the wreck site are offered for sale, and in 2002 a portion is given to the South African government. Around twenty survivors of the wreck are eventually able to make safety after an open boat voyage.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_17", "text": "July 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company", "text": "East India Company", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doddington_(East_Indiaman)", "text": "Doddington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algoa_Bay", "text": "Algoa Bay", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Elizabeth", "text": "Port Elizabeth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clive", "text": "Robert Clive", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998", "text": "1998", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002", "text": "2002", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 25 – The decision to deport the Acadians is made, during meetings of the Nova Scotia Council meeting in Halifax. From September 1755-June 1763, the vast majority of Acadians are deported to one of the following British Colonies in America: Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Contrary to popular belief, no Acadians are sent to Louisiana. Those sent to Virginia are refused and then sent on to Liverpool, Bristol, Southampton and Penryn in England. In 1758 the Fortress of Louisbourg falls and all of the civilian population of Isle Royal (Cape Breton Island) and Isle St. Jean (Prince Edward Island) are repatriated to France. Among them were several thousand Acadians, who had escaped the deportation by fleeing into those areas. Very few Acadians successfully escape the deportation and do so only by fleeing into some of the northern sections of present day New Brunswick. The event inspires Longfellow to write the epic poem Evangeline.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_25", "text": "July 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadians", "text": "Acadians", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_(former_city)", "text": "Halifax", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay", "text": "Massachusetts", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Colony", "text": "Connecticut", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_New_York", "text": "New York", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania", "text": "Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Maryland", "text": "Maryland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia", "text": "Virginia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina", "text": "North Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina", "text": "South Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Georgia", "text": "Georgia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)", "text": "Louisiana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool", "text": "Liverpool", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol", "text": "Bristol", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southampton", "text": "Southampton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penryn,_Cornwall", "text": "Penryn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick", "text": "New Brunswick", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeline", "text": "Evangeline", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 10 – The Expulsion of the Acadians begins, with the Bay of Fundy Campaign.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_10", "text": "August 10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians", "text": "Expulsion of the Acadians", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy_Campaign_(1755)", "text": "Bay of Fundy Campaign", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 2 – A powerful hurricane strikes the east coast of the British colony of North Carolina, killing 150 people and sinking five British and colonial merchant ships at Portsmouth Island.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2", "text": "September 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina", "text": "North Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth,_North_Carolina", "text": "Portsmouth Island", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 6 – The Russian Academy of Sciences awards its prize for \"the best explanation of the true causes of electricity including their theory\" to Switzerland's Johann Euler for his paper Disquisitio de causa physica electricitatis.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_6", "text": "September 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences", "text": "Russian Academy of Sciences", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Euler", "text": "Johann Euler", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 8 – French and Indian War – Battle of Lake George: French Army troops, led by Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau, and Canadian colonists, led by Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, drive south into Britain's New York province. They are met by British Army troops under General William Johnson being supplemented by 200 Mohawk troops led by the Mohawk war chief, Theyanoguin. After Theyanouguin and other Mohawks are killed in the battle, the clan matrons of the Mohawk nation forbid the men from participating in the war against the French until a French defeat seems certain.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_8", "text": "September 8", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_George", "text": "Battle of Lake George", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Erdman,_Baron_Dieskau", "text": "Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Legardeur_de_Saint-Pierre", "text": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Johnson,_1st_Baronet", "text": "General William Johnson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_Theyanoguin", "text": "Theyanoguin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haudenosaunee_Clan_Mother", "text": "clan matrons", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 16 – Sir Charles Hanbury-Williams, the new British Minister to Russia, secures an alliance signed by Empress Catherine the Great. The Russian Empire agrees to provide up to 55,000 troops to defend the Electorate of Hanover against invasion by Prussia. At the time, King George II of Great Britain is also the ruler of the German duchy; the Russian troops are provided in return for an annual payment of £600,000.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_16", "text": "September 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electorate_of_Hanover", "text": "Electorate of Hanover", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia", "text": "Prussia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain", "text": "George II of Great Britain", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 17 – Jean-Marc Vacheron founds his watch-making company Vacheron Constantin on September 17, 1755. To this day, Vacheron Constantin is the oldest watchmaker in the world with an uninterrupted watchmaking history since its foundation.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_17", "text": "September 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacheron_Constantin", "text": "Vacheron Constantin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 18 – Two slaves, Mark and Phyllis, are publicly executed for the poisoning murder of their master, John Codman in front of a large crowd outside the Middlesex County Courthouse in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Phyllis is burned to death. Mark's execution by hanging is made as an example to other African slaves in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. His body is transported to Charlestown Common in what is now Somerville and displayed on a gibbet for more than 20 years. In 1798, Paul Revere mentions in his memoir that his famous ride of April 18, 1775, started when he first spotted British Army officers at a site \"nearly opposite where Mark was hung in chains\", I saw two men on Horse back, under a Tree\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_18", "text": "September 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts#Role_in_the_Revolutionary_War", "text": "Two slaves, Mark and Phyllis, are publicly executed for the poisoning murder of their master, John Codman", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts", "text": "Cambridge, Massachusetts", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_by_burning", "text": "burned to death", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Massachusetts", "text": "African slaves in the Province of Massachusetts Bay", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts", "text": "Somerville", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbeting", "text": "displayed on a gibbet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Revere", "text": "Paul Revere", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1775", "text": "1775", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "July – September" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 11 – In west Africa, officials of the Dutch West India Company sign a peace agreement with officials of the Ashanti Empire at Elmina p108. In return for an annual tribute in gold, the Ashanti maintain peaceful relations with the Europeans in the Dutch Gold Coast colony and the Dutch maintain their settlement at Fort Coenraadsburg. The area is now part of the Central Region of Ghana.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_11", "text": "October 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company", "text": "Dutch West India Company", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashanti_Empire", "text": "Ashanti Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmina", "text": "Elmina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast", "text": "Dutch Gold Coast", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Coenraadsburg", "text": "Fort Coenraadsburg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Region_(Ghana)", "text": "Central Region", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana", "text": "Ghana", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 12 – Having completed the Expulsion of the Acadians from St. John's Island (now Prince Edward Island), the British colonial Governor of Nova Scotia, Charles Lawrence, issues a proclamation that his office will receive proposals from English settlers \"for the peopling and cultivating as well of the lands vacated by the French, as every other part of this valuable province.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_12", "text": "October 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians", "text": "Expulsion of the Acadians", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island", "text": "St. John's Island", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia", "text": "Nova Scotia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lawrence_(British_Army_officer)", "text": "Charles Lawrence", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 16 – The Penn's Creek massacre is carried out against white settlers who have moved into the Susquehanna Valley in the Pennsylvania colony, in territory also claimed by the Delaware Indians. The Delawares attack the Penn's Creek village, located near what is now Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, and kill 25 of the 26 men, women and children living there.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_16", "text": "October 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn's_Creek_massacre", "text": "Penn's Creek massacre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehanna_Valley", "text": "Susquehanna Valley", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania", "text": "Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_people", "text": "Delaware Indians", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selinsgrove,_Pennsylvania", "text": "Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 17 – The Mount Katla volcano erupts in Iceland and continues ejecting ash for the next 120 days, finally ceasing on February 13. An estimated 1.5 cubic kilometers (1.5 billion cubic meters or 53 billion cubic feet) of tephra is discharged by the volcano.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_17", "text": "October 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katla_(volcano)", "text": "Mount Katla", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland", "text": "Iceland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephra", "text": "tephra", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 25 – Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha becomes the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, the fifth person to serve as the Empire's Vizier in 1755.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_25", "text": "October 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yirmisekizzade_Mehmed_Said_Pasha", "text": "Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire", "text": "Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 1 – More than 40,000 people are killed by the 8.5 magnitude earthquake in Lisbon, Portuguese Empire. The tremor begins at 9:40 in the morning local time off of the Atlantic coast of Portugal and sends a tsunami that strikes the coasts of Portugal, Spain and Morocco.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_1", "text": "November 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake", "text": "earthquake in Lisbon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire", "text": "Portuguese Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami", "text": "tsunami", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 18 The Corsican Constitution is adopted by Corsican representatives, at the Consulta generale di Corte. The 1755 Cape Ann earthquake occurs in the vicinity of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, causing extensive damage.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_18", "text": "November 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican_Constitution", "text": "Corsican Constitution", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Cape_Ann_earthquake", "text": "1755 Cape Ann earthquake", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Ann", "text": "Cape Ann", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts", "text": "Massachusetts", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Corsican Constitution is adopted by Corsican representatives, at the Consulta generale di Corte.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican_Constitution", "text": "Corsican Constitution", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The 1755 Cape Ann earthquake occurs in the vicinity of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, causing extensive damage.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Cape_Ann_earthquake", "text": "1755 Cape Ann earthquake", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Ann", "text": "Cape Ann", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts", "text": "Massachusetts", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 25 – King Ferdinand VI of Spain grants the Religious of the Virgin Mary in the Philippines royal protection.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_25", "text": "November 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain", "text": "Ferdinand VI of Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_of_the_Virgin_Mary", "text": "Religious of the Virgin Mary", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Philippines", "text": "Philippines", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 2 – The second Eddystone Lighthouse off the coast of England is destroyed by fire.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2", "text": "December 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddystone_Lighthouse", "text": "Eddystone Lighthouse", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 17 – Anton, Patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church, is dismissed by his opponents on the Ecclesiastical Council and briefly imprisoned for 18 months before being allowed to move to Russia; in 1764, Anton is again made the Georgian Orthodox Church's leader.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_17", "text": "December 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_I_of_Georgia", "text": "Anton", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_Georgian_Orthodox_Church", "text": "Patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "October – December" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Wolsey, the clothes manufacturer, is established in Leicester, England; the business celebrates its 250th anniversary in 2005.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolsey_(clothing)", "text": "Wolsey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester", "text": "Leicester", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005", "text": "2005", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Construction of the Puning Temple complex in Chengde, China is completed, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puning_Temple_(Hebei)", "text": "Puning Temple", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengde", "text": "Chengde", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor", "text": "Qianlong Emperor", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Construction of St Ninian's Church, Tynet, Scotland, the country's oldest surviving post-Reformation Roman Catholic clandestine church, is completed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Ninian's_Church,_Tynet", "text": "St Ninian's Church, Tynet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland", "text": "Scotland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic", "text": "Roman Catholic", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clandestine_church", "text": "clandestine church", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The brine shrimp Artemia salina is first described, in Linnaeus ' Systema Naturæ.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_shrimp", "text": "brine shrimp", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia_salina", "text": "Artemia salina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus", "text": "Linnaeus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_Naturae", "text": "Systema Naturæ", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Date unknown" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1756", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 16 – The Treaty of Westminster is signed between Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Electorate of Hanover, controlled by King George II of Great Britain.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_16", "text": "January 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Prussian_alliance_(1756)#Treaty", "text": "Treaty of Westminster", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia", "text": "Prussia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electorate_of_Hanover", "text": "Electorate of Hanover", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain", "text": "George II of Great Britain", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 27 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_27", "text": "January 27", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "text": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg", "text": "Salzburg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria", "text": "Austria", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 7 – Guaraní War: The leader of the Guaraní rebels, Sepé Tiaraju, is killed in a skirmish with Spanish and Portuguese troops.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7", "text": "February 7", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaraní_War", "text": "Guaraní War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaraní_people", "text": "Guaraní", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepé_Tiaraju", "text": "Sepé Tiaraju", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 10 – The massacre of the Guaraní rebels in the Jesuit reduction of Caaibaté takes place in Brazil after their leader, Noicola Neenguiru, defies an ultimatum to surrender by 2:00 in the afternoon. On February 7, Neenguiru's predecessor Sepé Tiaraju has been killed in a brief skirmish. As two o'clock arrives, a combined force of Spanish and Portuguese troops makes an assault on the first of the Seven Towns established as Jesuit missions. Defending their town with cannons made out of bamboo, the Guaraní suffer 1,511 dead, compared to three Spaniards and two Portuguese killed in battle.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_10", "text": "February 10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaraní_people", "text": "Guaraní", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_reduction", "text": "Jesuit reduction", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil", "text": "Brazil", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepé_Tiaraju", "text": "Sepé Tiaraju", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo", "text": "bamboo", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 14 – Battle of Vijaydurg: The Maratha Navy, that has controlled the western coast of India for the Maratha Empire for more than a century, is destroyed by British attackers fighting for the East India Company. On orders of Royal Navy Admiral Charles Watson, the British capture a Maratha ship (the former British warship HMS Restoration), set it on fire, and then float the burning vessel into the Vijaydurg Port where most of Maratha Admiral Tulaji Angre's ships are anchored. The fire soon spreads to the other ships, destroying one large warship armed with 74 cannons, eight gurabs of 200 tonnes apiece, and sixty galbat ships.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_14", "text": "February 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vijaydurg", "text": "Battle of Vijaydurg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Navy", "text": "Maratha Navy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India", "text": "India", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire", "text": "Maratha Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company", "text": "East India Company", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy", "text": "Royal Navy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Watson_(Royal_Navy_officer)", "text": "Charles Watson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijaydurg_Port", "text": "Vijaydurg Port", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grab_(ship)", "text": "gurabs", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 17 – St. Patrick's Day is celebrated in New York City for the first time (at the Crown and Thistle Tavern).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_17", "text": "March 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Patrick's_Day", "text": "St. Patrick's Day", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City", "text": "New York City", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 1 – Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha resigns as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He is replaced by Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha, who has been Grand Vizier from 1752 to 1755.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_1", "text": "April 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yirmisekizzade_Mehmed_Said_Pasha", "text": "Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire", "text": "Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 12 – Siege of Fort St Philip begins when the French under Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu, land near Port Mahón on Menorca and besiege the British garrison here in a prelude to the Seven Years' War.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_12", "text": "April 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_St_Philip_(1756)", "text": "Siege of Fort St Philip", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis", "text": "Armand de Vignerot du Plessis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahón", "text": "Mahón", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menorca", "text": "Menorca", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 17 – The Seven Years' War formally begins, when Great Britain declares war on France.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_17", "text": "May 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_France", "text": "France", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 20 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Minorca – The British fleet under John Byng is defeated by the French under Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_20", "text": "May 20", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Minorca_(1756)", "text": "Battle of Minorca", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Byng", "text": "John Byng", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland-Michel_Barrin_de_La_Galissonière", "text": "Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 20 – A garrison of the British Army in India is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_20", "text": "June 20", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrison", "text": "garrison", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army", "text": "British Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India", "text": "India", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta", "text": "Black Hole of Calcutta", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 22 – The Coup of 1756, an attempted coup d'état planned by Queen Louisa Ulrika of Sweden, to abolish the rule of the Riksdag of the Estates and reinstate absolute monarchy in Sweden with the support of the Hovpartiet, is exposed and subdued.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_22", "text": "June 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_of_1756", "text": "Coup of 1756", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d'état", "text": "coup d'état", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisa_Ulrika_of_Prussia", "text": "Queen Louisa Ulrika", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden", "text": "Sweden", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates", "text": "Riksdag of the Estates", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_monarchy", "text": "absolute monarchy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovpartiet", "text": "Hovpartiet", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 25 – The Marine Society is founded in London, the world's oldest seafarers' charity.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_25", "text": "June 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Marine_Society", "text": "The Marine Society", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London", "text": "London", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 29 – Seven Years' War: Siege of Fort St Philip at Port Mahón: The British garrison in Menorca surrenders to the French after two months' siege by the Duke of Richelieu.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_29", "text": "June 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_St_Philip_(1756)", "text": "Siege of Fort St Philip", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahón", "text": "Mahón", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menorca", "text": "Menorca", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 30 – Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly built Catherine Palace at Tsarskoye Selo to Empress Elizabeth of Russia and her court.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_30", "text": "July 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli", "text": "Bartolomeo Rastrelli", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Palace", "text": "Catherine Palace", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoye_Selo", "text": "Tsarskoye Selo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Russia", "text": "Elizabeth of Russia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 14 – Seven Years' War: French and Indian War – Fort Oswego falls to the French.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_14", "text": "August 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Oswego", "text": "Fort Oswego", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 29 – Frederick II of Prussia invades Saxony, beginning the Third Silesian War within the Seven Years' War on the European continent.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_29", "text": "August 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia", "text": "Frederick II of Prussia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony", "text": "Saxony", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Silesian_War", "text": "Third Silesian War", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 2 – Abu l-Hasan Ali I, Bey of Tunis is forcibly removed after 23 years as the ruler of the North African emirate by his cousins, who are avenging the overthrow and execution of their father, Husayn in 1735. Hasan Ali surrenders to the rebels and is imprisoned in Algiers, then executed on September 22 on orders of the new Bey of Tunis, Muhammad I ar-Rashid.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2", "text": "September 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_l-Hasan_Ali_I", "text": "Abu l-Hasan Ali I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Beys_of_Tunis", "text": "Bey of Tunis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Husayn_I_ibn_Ali", "text": "Husayn", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers", "text": "Algiers", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_I_ar-Rashid", "text": "Muhammad I ar-Rashid", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "July – September" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 1 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Lobositz – Frederick defeats an Austrian army under Marshal Maximilian Ulysses, Reichsgraf von Browne.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1", "text": "October 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lobositz", "text": "Battle of Lobositz", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria", "text": "Austrian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_Ulysses_Browne", "text": "Maximilian Ulysses, Reichsgraf von Browne", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 14 – An \"Agreement of Friendship and Trade\" is signed by Sultan Osman III and King Frederick V. Denmark appoints an extraordinary representative to the Ottoman Empire.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_14", "text": "October 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan", "text": "Sultan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_III", "text": "Osman III", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King", "text": "King", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark", "text": "Frederick V", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire", "text": "Ottoman Empire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 16 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, the Duke of Newcastle, is forced to resign as Prime Minister of Great Britain after the British lose the Battle of Minorca to the French. The office of Prime Minister remains vacant for eight months with William Pitt and the Duke of Devonshire leading the cabinet.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_16", "text": "November 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle", "text": "Thomas Pelham-Holles", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Prime Minister of Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Minorca_(1756)", "text": "Battle of Minorca", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitt–Devonshire_ministry", "text": "remains vacant for eight months", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham", "text": "William Pitt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cavendish,_4th_Duke_of_Devonshire", "text": "the Duke of Devonshire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Militias of the Royal Colony of North Carolina build a fort on the province's western frontier to protect it against natives allied with the French. The fort is named Fort Dobbs in honor of North Carolina Governor Arthur Dobbs, who persuaded the North Carolina legislature to fund the construction a year earlier.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December", "text": "December", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Colony_of_North_Carolina", "text": "Royal Colony of North Carolina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Dobbs_(North_Carolina)", "text": "Fort Dobbs", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Dobbs", "text": "Arthur Dobbs", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 14 – The play Douglas is performed for the first time in Edinburgh, with overwhelming success, in spite of the opposition of the local church presbytery, who summon Alexander Carlyle to answer for having attended its representation. However, it fails in its early promise to set up a new Scottish dramatic tradition.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_14", "text": "December 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(play)", "text": "Douglas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh", "text": "Edinburgh", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbytery_(church_polity)", "text": "presbytery", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Carlyle", "text": "Alexander Carlyle", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "October – December" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Frederick II of Prussia forces his country's peasants to grow the unpopular and obscure potato.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia", "text": "Frederick II of Prussia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasant", "text": "peasants", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato", "text": "potato", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The first chocolate-candy factory begins operations in Germany.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire", "text": "Germany", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The town of Gus-Khrustalny is established in Russia, with the setting up of a crystal glass factory.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus-Khrustalny_(town)", "text": "Gus-Khrustalny", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire", "text": "Russia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_glass", "text": "crystal glass", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Leopold Mozart publishes his book on his method for learning to play the violin, Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Mozart", "text": "Leopold Mozart", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin", "text": "violin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versuch_einer_gründlichen_Violinschule", "text": "Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Date unknown" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1757", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2", "text": "January 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clive", "text": "Robert Clive", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata", "text": "Calcutta", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Louis XV of France, who is slightly wounded by the knife attack. On March 28 Damiens is publicly executed by burning and dismemberment, the last person in France to suffer this punishment.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_5", "text": "January 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert-François_Damiens", "text": "Robert-François Damiens", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France", "text": "Louis XV of France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_28", "text": "March 28", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 12 – Koca Ragıp Pasha becomes the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, and administers the office for seven years until his death in 1763.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12", "text": "January 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koca_Ragıp_Pasha", "text": "Koca Ragıp Pasha", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire", "text": "Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 1 – King Louis XV of France dismisses his two most influential advisers. His Secretary of State for War, the Comte d'Argenson and the Secretary of the Navy, Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville, are both removed from office at the urging of the King's mistress, Madame de Pompadour.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_1", "text": "February 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France", "text": "Louis XV of France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Antoine_René_de_Voyer", "text": "Comte d'Argenson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Machault_d'Arnouville", "text": "Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour", "text": "Madame de Pompadour", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 2 – At Versailles in France, representatives of the Russian Empire and the Austrian Empire enter into an alliance against Prussia, with each nation pledging 80,000 troops. Other clauses to the treaty, not disclosed to the public, commit Austria to pay Russia one million rubles per year during the war to pay for the expenses of 24,000 of the Russian troops, and two million rubles upon the conquest of Silesia (a Prussian province that had been seized from Austria in 1746).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2", "text": "February 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles", "text": "Versailles", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruble", "text": "rubles", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silesia", "text": "Silesia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 3 – French artist Robert Picault begins the rescue of the frescoes at the King's Chamber of the Palace of Fontainebleau before architect Ange-Jacques Gabrel begins renovations.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_3", "text": "February 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresco", "text": "frescoes", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau", "text": "Palace of Fontainebleau", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 5 – The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, leads an attempt to retake Calcutta from the British. With just 1,900 soldiers and sailors, but superior cannon power, General Robert Clive forces the Nawab's much larger force into a retreat. The British sustain 194 casualties, but the Bengalis suffer 1,300.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_5", "text": "February 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawab_of_Bengal", "text": "Nawab of Bengal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah", "text": "Siraj ud-Daulah", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 9 – The Nawab and General Clive sign the Treaty of Alinagar, with Bengal compensating the British East India Company for its losses and pledging respect for British control of India.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_9", "text": "February 9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Alinagar", "text": "Treaty of Alinagar", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 22 – King Frederick V of Denmark issues an order to create a Lutheran mission for African slaves at the Danish West Indies (now the United States Virgin Islands) at St. Croix.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_22", "text": "February 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark", "text": "Frederick V of Denmark", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_West_Indies", "text": "Danish West Indies", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands", "text": "United States Virgin Islands", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Croix", "text": "St. Croix", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 23 – A revolt against the government of King Joseph I of Portugal takes place in the city of Oporto. After the riot's suppression, King Joao's minister, the Marquis of Pombal (Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo), orders a harsh punishment against the perpetrators. Of 478 people arrested, 442 of them (including 50 women and young boys) are condemned to various sentences carried out in October.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_23", "text": "February 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal", "text": "Joseph I of Portugal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oporto", "text": "Oporto", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquis_of_Pombal", "text": "Marquis of Pombal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastião_José_de_Carvalho_e_Melo", "text": "Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 14 – British Royal Navy Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad on board ship after his court martial conviction for failing in the Battle of Minorca (1756) to save British troops who had been besieged by a numerically superior French force in the Siege of Fort St Philip (1756). General Edward Cornwallis, the ranking British Army officer at the battle, is exonerated of charges of dereliction of duty, but his career is ruined. Byng's execution is the origin of the phrase \"In this country, it is wise to kill an admiral from time to time to encourage the others\", coined by Voltaire in his novel Candide.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_14", "text": "March 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Byng", "text": "John Byng", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Minorca_(1756)", "text": "Battle of Minorca (1756)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_St_Philip_(1756)", "text": "Siege of Fort St Philip (1756)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Minorca_(1756)#Aftermath", "text": "phrase", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire", "text": "Voltaire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 21 – Sweden signs an alliance treaty with France and Austria in the multinational effort to remove King Frederick the Great, even though Queen Consort Ulrika of Sweden is Frederick's sister. Sweden agrees to contribute 25,000 troops to the French and Austrian force.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_21", "text": "March 21", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden", "text": "Sweden", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria", "text": "Austria", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_the_Great", "text": "Frederick the Great", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 23 – The British East India Company takes control of Chandannagar and forces out the French Indian administrators.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_23", "text": "March 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company", "text": "East India Company", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandannagar", "text": "Chandannagar", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 28 – Robert François Damiens is burned to death in public for his January 5 assassination attempt on King Louis XV of France.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_28", "text": "March 28", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 30 – The Rigshospitalet, national hospital of Denmark, is founded at Copenhagen.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_30", "text": "March 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigshospitalet", "text": "Rigshospitalet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark", "text": "Denmark", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen", "text": "Copenhagen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 6 – William Pitt is dismissed from the government, following several military reverses in Britain's fight against France in America. After a public outcry, Pitt is called back to conduct Britain's foreign and military affairs and given greater control.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_6", "text": "April 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham", "text": "William Pitt", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 16 The works of astronomer Galileo Galilei espousing heliocentrism are removed (with the approval of Pope Benedict XIV) from the Index Librorum Prohibitorum list of books banned by Roman Catholic Church, along with \"all books teaching the earth's motion and the sun's immobility\". Other works of heliocentrists Galileo, Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Diego de Zúñiga and Paolo Foscarini remain on the list. In the wake of public unrest in France, the King's Council issues a decree that bars anyone from writing, printing anything that would tend toward émouvoir les esprits (stir up popular sentiment) against the government, with violations punishable by death.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_16", "text": "April 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei", "text": "Galileo Galilei", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrism", "text": "heliocentrism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV", "text": "Pope Benedict XIV", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum", "text": "Index Librorum Prohibitorum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church", "text": "Roman Catholic Church", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus", "text": "Nicolaus Copernicus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler", "text": "Johannes Kepler", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_de_Zúñiga", "text": "Diego de Zúñiga", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The works of astronomer Galileo Galilei espousing heliocentrism are removed (with the approval of Pope Benedict XIV) from the Index Librorum Prohibitorum list of books banned by Roman Catholic Church, along with \"all books teaching the earth's motion and the sun's immobility\". Other works of heliocentrists Galileo, Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Diego de Zúñiga and Paolo Foscarini remain on the list.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei", "text": "Galileo Galilei", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrism", "text": "heliocentrism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV", "text": "Pope Benedict XIV", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum", "text": "Index Librorum Prohibitorum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church", "text": "Roman Catholic Church", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus", "text": "Nicolaus Copernicus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler", "text": "Johannes Kepler", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_de_Zúñiga", "text": "Diego de Zúñiga", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "In the wake of public unrest in France, the King's Council issues a decree that bars anyone from writing, printing anything that would tend toward émouvoir les esprits (stir up popular sentiment) against the government, with violations punishable by death.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 17 – The Spanish mission of Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá is founded by Spanish missionary families on the banks of the San Saba River near present day Menard, Texas. Less than two years later, the European settlement is destroyed by the native Comanche Indians who live in the area.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_17", "text": "April 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_(station)", "text": "mission", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Santa_Cruz_de_San_Sabá", "text": "Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Saba_River", "text": "San Saba River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menard,_Texas", "text": "Menard, Texas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche", "text": "Comanche", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 29 – Inside a house at Stratford-upon-Avon in England, a bricklayer, identified only as \"Mosely\", discovers the testament of John Shakespeare, father of William Shakespeare, more than 150 years after the elder's death. The finding, done while Mosely is re-tiling the roof of what is now called Shakespeare's Birthplace, starts \"what remains one of the most controversial topics in Shakespeare studies\" because of disagreements over its authenticity.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_29", "text": "April 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon", "text": "Stratford-upon-Avon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Shakespeare", "text": "John Shakespeare", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare", "text": "William Shakespeare", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare's_Birthplace", "text": "Shakespeare's Birthplace", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 1 – France and Austria sign a second treaty of alliance at Versailles, committing France to sending an additional 105,000 troops to the war against Prussia, and to pay expenses to Austria at the rate of 12 million florins annually.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1", "text": "May 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria", "text": "Austria", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 6 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Prague: Frederick the Great defeats an Austrian army, and begins to besiege the city.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_6", "text": "May 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Prague_(1757)", "text": "Battle of Prague", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_the_Great", "text": "Frederick the Great", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria", "text": "Austrian", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 18 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Kolín: Frederick is defeated by an Austrian army under Marshal Daun, forcing him to evacuate Bohemia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_18", "text": "June 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kolín", "text": "Battle of Kolín", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Leopold_Joseph_von_Daun", "text": "Marshal Daun", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemia", "text": "Bohemia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 23 – Battle of Plassey: 3,000 troops serving with the British East India Company under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army under Siraj ud-Daulah with the help of Mir Jafar, at Plassey, India, marking the first victory of the East India Company over India Which lasts until 1857.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_23", "text": "June 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey", "text": "Battle of Plassey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company", "text": "East India Company", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clive", "text": "Robert Clive", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah", "text": "Siraj ud-Daulah", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plassey", "text": "Plassey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company", "text": "East India Company", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India", "text": "India", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1857", "text": "1857", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 25 The Duke of Devonshire resigns as Prime Minister of Great Britain after being unable to conduct governmental affairs without William Pitt. The 1755 rebellion against the Chinese Empire by Mongolian Oirat Prince Amursana is met by a Chinese army of 10,000 attackers against Amursana's 2,500 man force at their capital at Bor Tal. The rebels are able to hold out for 17 days before being routed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_25", "text": "June 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cavendish,_4th_Duke_of_Devonshire", "text": "Duke of Devonshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Prime Minister of Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_dynasty", "text": "Chinese Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oirats", "text": "Oirat", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amursana", "text": "Amursana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang", "text": "Bor Tal", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The Duke of Devonshire resigns as Prime Minister of Great Britain after being unable to conduct governmental affairs without William Pitt.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cavendish,_4th_Duke_of_Devonshire", "text": "Duke of Devonshire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Prime Minister of Great Britain", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The 1755 rebellion against the Chinese Empire by Mongolian Oirat Prince Amursana is met by a Chinese army of 10,000 attackers against Amursana's 2,500 man force at their capital at Bor Tal. The rebels are able to hold out for 17 days before being routed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_dynasty", "text": "Chinese Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oirats", "text": "Oirat", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amursana", "text": "Amursana", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang", "text": "Bor Tal", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 2 – The Duke of Newcastle is asked to form a new government and fills the office of Prime Minister of Great Britain, after his forced resignation eight months earlier.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2", "text": "July 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle", "text": "Duke of Newcastle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain", "text": "Prime Minister of Great Britain", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 17 – Amursana's Mongolian rebellion against the Chinese Empire is crushed after a battle of 17 days, and the survivors flee to Russia, where Amursana unsuccessfully seeks Russian aid.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_17", "text": "July 17", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 26 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Hastenbeck: An Anglo-Hanoverian army under the Duke of Cumberland is defeated by the French under Louis d'Estrées, and forced out of Hanover.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_26", "text": "July 26", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastenbeck", "text": "Battle of Hastenbeck", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cumberland", "text": "Duke of Cumberland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_d'Estrées", "text": "Louis d'Estrées", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover", "text": "Hanover", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 3 – 9 – French and Indian War: A French army under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm forces the English to surrender Fort William Henry. The French army's Indian allies slaughter the surviving men, women and children.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_3", "text": "August 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_9", "text": "9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_William_Henry", "text": "Fort William Henry", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_William_Henry_massacre", "text": "slaughter", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 11 – In the Battle of Delhi, the capital city of the Mughal Empire is retaken by Maratha Empire leader Raghunathrao from Najib ad-Dawlah, who flees to refuge in the royal palace, the Red Fort.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_11", "text": "August 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1757)", "text": "Battle of Delhi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire", "text": "Mughal Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire", "text": "Maratha Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunathrao", "text": "Raghunathrao", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_ad-Dawlah", "text": "Najib ad-Dawlah", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Fort", "text": "Red Fort", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 30 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf: A Prussian army under Hans von Lehwaldt is defeated by the Russian army of Marshal Stepan Apraksin.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_30", "text": "August 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gross-Jägersdorf", "text": "Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_von_Lehwaldt", "text": "Hans von Lehwaldt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire", "text": "Russian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Fyodorovich_Apraksin", "text": "Stepan Apraksin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 6 – The life of Najib ad-Dawlah is spared by Raghunathrao upon the intercession of General Malhar Rao Holkar. Najib and his family are permitted to leave the Fort along with most of their property, and the Emperor Alamgir II is restored to the Mughal throne as a nominal ruler.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_6", "text": "September 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_ad-Dawlah", "text": "Najib ad-Dawlah", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunathrao", "text": "Raghunathrao", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malhar_Rao_Holkar", "text": "Malhar Rao Holkar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgir_II", "text": "Alamgir II", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 8 – The Convention of Klosterzeven is signed at the Lower Saxony town of Bremervörde by the Duke of Cumberland following his defeat at the July 26 Battle of Hastenbeck by the French Army Marshal, the Duke of Richelieu. The treaty provides for the Army of the Electorate of Hanover to be reduced to a token force and for the French Army to occupy Hanover and most of northwest Germany. At the time, King George II of Great Britain is also the Elector of Hanover, and it is later said that \"The terms proved worse than either George or his ministers had wanted or expected.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_8", "text": "September 8", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_of_Klosterzeven", "text": "Convention of Klosterzeven", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremervörde", "text": "Bremervörde", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cumberland", "text": "Duke of Cumberland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastenbeck", "text": "Battle of Hastenbeck", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis", "text": "the Duke of Richelieu", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electorate_of_Hanover", "text": "Electorate of Hanover", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany", "text": "Germany", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain", "text": "George II of Great Britain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elector_of_Hanover", "text": "Elector of Hanover", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 13 – Pomeranian War: a column of troops from Sweden begins the surprise invasion of Prussia, setting up a pontoon bridge across the Peene River that marks the boundary between Swedish Pomerania and northern Prussia. After crossing at Loitz in the early morning hours, the troops march 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and begin the occupation of the undefended Prussian town of Demmin. Hours later, another Swedish infantry regiment charges across the border into the Prussian town of Anklam, where the city gate had been left open.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13", "text": "September 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomeranian_War", "text": "Pomeranian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden", "text": "Sweden", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia", "text": "Prussia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontoon_bridge", "text": "pontoon bridge", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peene", "text": "Peene", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Pomerania", "text": "Swedish Pomerania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loitz", "text": "Loitz", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demmin", "text": "Demmin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anklam", "text": "Anklam", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 23 – The \" Raid on Rochefort \" is carried out as a pre-emptive strike by Great Britain to neutralize France's Arsenal de Rochefort before the French Navy can carry out plans to invade England. Led by Royal Navy Admiral Edward Hawke, HMS Neptune and six other vessels sail in and capture the Île-d'Aix and its battery of cannons, effectively blocking the departure of any ships from the mouth of the Charante river.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_23", "text": "September 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid_on_Rochefort", "text": "Raid on Rochefort", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenal_de_Rochefort", "text": "Arsenal de Rochefort", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy", "text": "Royal Navy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Hawke,_1st_Baron_Hawke", "text": "Admiral Edward Hawke", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Neptune_(1757)", "text": "HMS Neptune", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Île-d'Aix", "text": "Île-d'Aix", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charente_(river)", "text": "Charante river", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "July – September" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 4 – Bearing British flags, two French privateers sail up the Gambia River and attempt to capture the British fort on James Island, but their ruse is discovered the next day before they can stage their attack. The two ships are captured by the Royal Navy after retreating", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_4", "text": "October 4", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privateer", "text": "privateers", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambia_River", "text": "Gambia River", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunta_Kinteh_Island", "text": "James Island", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 14 – Of the 442 men, women and children who are convicted for their roles in the Oporto riot in February, 13 men and one woman are hanged; afterward, their bodies are then quartered and the severed limbs are publicly displayed on spikes. Another 49 men and 10 women are exiled at Portuguese colonies in Africa and India, and the others are either flogged, imprisoned or pressed into service rowing galley ships.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_14", "text": "October 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oporto", "text": "Oporto", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galley", "text": "galley", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 16 – Seven Years' War: Hungarian raiders plunder Berlin, Prussia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_16", "text": "October 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1757_raid_on_Berlin", "text": "plunder Berlin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia", "text": "Prussia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 24 – 1757 Hajj caravan raid: Led by Bedouin warriors of the Beni Sakhr tribe conducts a massive assault against a caravan of thousands of Muslim travelers who are on their way back to Damascus after the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca. The attack, made at Hallat Ammar after the group has been resupplied at Tabuk, leads to the annihilation of 20,000 of the pilgrims. Those who are not killed outright die later in the desert from thirst and starvation. According to one Arabic source, the largest attack takes place on 10 Safar 1171 A.H. (October 24, 1757)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_24", "text": "October 24", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1757_Hajj_caravan_raid", "text": "1757 Hajj caravan raid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedouin", "text": "Bedouin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beni_Sakhr", "text": "Beni Sakhr", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus", "text": "Damascus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj", "text": "Hajj", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca", "text": "Mecca", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabuk,_Saudi_Arabia", "text": "Tabuk", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 30 – Osman III dies, and is succeeded as Ottoman Sultan by Mustafa III.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_30", "text": "October 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_III", "text": "Osman III", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire", "text": "Ottoman", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan", "text": "Sultan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_III", "text": "Mustafa III", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 31 – News of the massacre of Muslim pilgrims first reaches Damascus; the officials who had been in charge of protecting the pilgrimage are executed by beheading.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_31", "text": "October 31", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1757_Hajj_caravan_raid", "text": "massacre of Muslim pilgrims", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus", "text": "Damascus", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 5 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Rossbach: Frederick defeats the French-Imperial army under the Duc de Soubise and Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen, forcing the French to withdraw from Saxony.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_5", "text": "November 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rossbach", "text": "Battle of Rossbach", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Joseph_of_Saxe-Hildburghausen", "text": "Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxony", "text": "Saxony", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 10 – King Abdallah IV of Morocco dies and is succeeded by his son, who takes the throne as King Mohammed III and reigns until 1790.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_10", "text": "November 10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_of_Morocco", "text": "King Abdallah IV", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco", "text": "Morocco", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_ben_Abdallah", "text": "Mohammed III", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Breslau: An Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine defeats the Prussian army of Wilhelm of Brunswick-Bevern, and forces the Prussians behind the Oder.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_22", "text": "November 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Breslau_(1757)", "text": "Battle of Breslau", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Charles_Alexander_of_Lorraine", "text": "Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oder", "text": "Oder", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 5 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Leuthen: Frederick defeats Prince Charles's Austrian army, in what is generally considered the Prussian king's greatest tactical victory.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_5", "text": "December 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen", "text": "Battle of Leuthen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 6 – In Buddhist tradition, Jigme Lingpa discovers the Longchen Nyingthig terma through a meditative vision, which brings him to Boudhanath. The Longchen Nyingtig is a popular cycle of teachings in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_6", "text": "December 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigme_Lingpa", "text": "Jigme Lingpa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longchen_Nyingthig", "text": "Longchen Nyingthig", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terma_(religion)", "text": "terma", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudhanath", "text": "Boudhanath", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingma", "text": "Nyingma", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism", "text": "Tibetan Buddhism", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 14 – Battle of Khresili: King Solomon I of Imereti defeats the Ottoman army and an allied faction of nobles, in what is now western Georgia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_14", "text": "December 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khresili", "text": "Battle of Khresili", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_I_of_Imereti", "text": "Solomon I of Imereti", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire", "text": "Ottoman", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)", "text": "Georgia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 30 – James Abercrombie replaces James Mure-Campbell, 5th Earl of Loudoun as supreme commander in the American colonies. Abercrombie is replaced himself, after failing to take the fort at Ticonderoga.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_30", "text": "December 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Abercrombie_(British_Army_general)", "text": "James Abercrombie", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mure-Campbell,_5th_Earl_of_Loudoun", "text": "James Mure-Campbell, 5th Earl of Loudoun", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_America", "text": "American", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticonderoga,_New_York", "text": "Ticonderoga", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "October – December" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Nam tiến, the southward expansion of the territory of Vietnam into the Indochina Peninsula, is concluded.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_tiến", "text": "Nam tiến", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam", "text": "Vietnam", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina", "text": "Indochina", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Robert Wood publishes The ruins of Balbec, otherwise Heliopolis in Coelosyria in English and French, making the ancient city of Baalbek, Syria known to the West.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wood_(antiquarian)", "text": "Robert Wood", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalbek", "text": "Baalbek", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria", "text": "Syria", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Emanuel Swedenborg claims to have witnessed the Last Judgment occurring in the spiritual world.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg", "text": "Emanuel Swedenborg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Judgment", "text": "Last Judgment", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Date unknown" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1758", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (Animalia) of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, the starting point of modern zoological nomenclature, introducing binomial nomenclature for animals to his established system of Linnaean taxonomy. Among the first examples of his system of identifying an organism by genus and then species, Linnaeus identifies the lamprey with the name Petromyzon marinus. He introduces the term Homo sapiens. (Date of January 1 assigned retrospectively.)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1", "text": "January 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus", "text": "Carl Linnaeus", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae", "text": "10th edition of Systema Naturae", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_nomenclature", "text": "zoological nomenclature", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature", "text": "binomial nomenclature", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy", "text": "Linnaean taxonomy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamprey", "text": "lamprey", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens", "text": "Homo sapiens", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 20 – At Cap-Haïtien in Haiti, former slave turned rebel François Mackandal is executed by the French colonial government by being burned at the stake.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_20", "text": "January 20", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap-Haïtien", "text": "Cap-Haïtien", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti", "text": "Haiti", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Mackandal", "text": "François Mackandal", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 22 – Russian troops under the command of William Fermor invade East Prussia and capture Königsberg with 34,000 soldiers; although the city is later abandoned by Russia after the Seven Years' War ends, the city again comes under Russian control in 1945 during World War II and is now named Kaliningrad.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_22", "text": "January 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia", "text": "Russian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fermor", "text": "William Fermor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia", "text": "Prussia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Königsberg", "text": "Königsberg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad", "text": "Kaliningrad", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 22 – A fleet of 158 British Royal Navy warships, under the command of Admiral Edward Boscawen, departs from Plymouth toward North America in an effort to conquer the French Canadian territories of New France. Many of the sailors die of nutritional deficiencies along the way, including the scurvy that kills 26 of the crew of HMS Pembroke, captained by future world explorer James Cook on his first long voyage.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_22", "text": "February 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Boscawen", "text": "Edward Boscawen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth", "text": "Plymouth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_France", "text": "New France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy", "text": "scurvy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Pembroke_(1757)", "text": "HMS Pembroke", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook", "text": "James Cook", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 23 – Jonathan Edwards, the famed English theologian who had assumed the presidency of what is now Princeton University only a week earlier, sets an example for students and faculty by publicly receiving an inoculation against smallpox. Unfortunately, the vaccine contains live smallpox; Edwards develops the disease and dies on March 22 at the age of 54.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_23", "text": "February 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)", "text": "Jonathan Edwards", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University", "text": "Princeton University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculation", "text": "inoculation", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox", "text": "smallpox", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 16 – Members of the Comanche Nation loot and destroy the Spanish Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá (near modern-day Menard, Texas) and kill eight of the people there, including the mission leader, Father Alonso Giraldo de Terreros.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_16", "text": "March 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche", "text": "Comanche", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Santa_Cruz_de_San_Sabá", "text": "Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menard,_Texas", "text": "Menard, Texas", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 29 – Battle of Cuddalore: A British fleet under Sir George Pocock engages the French fleet of Anne Antoine, Comte d'Aché indecisively near Madras.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_29", "text": "April 29", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cuddalore_(1758)", "text": "Battle of Cuddalore", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pocock", "text": "Sir George Pocock", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Antoine,_Comte_d'Aché", "text": "Anne Antoine, Comte d'Aché", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras", "text": "Madras", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 21 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Mary Campbell is abducted from her home in Pennsylvania by members of the Lenape Nation.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_21", "text": "May 21", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Campbell_(colonial_settler)", "text": "Mary Campbell", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania", "text": "Pennsylvania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenape", "text": "Lenape", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 8 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg: James Wolfe 's attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, commences.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_8", "text": "June 8", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Louisbourg_(1758)", "text": "Siege of Louisbourg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe", "text": "James Wolfe", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisbourg,_Nova_Scotia", "text": "Louisbourg, Nova Scotia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 9 – 10 – Spanish-Barbary Wars – Battle of Cape Palos: a Spanish squadron of three ships of the line defeats a Barbary squadron made up of a ship of the line and a frigate.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_9", "text": "June 9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_10", "text": "10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Palos_(1758)", "text": "Battle of Cape Palos", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 23 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Krefeld: Anglo-Hanoverian forces under Ferdinand of Brunswick defeat the French.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_23", "text": "June 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Krefeld", "text": "Battle of Krefeld", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Brunswick", "text": "Ferdinand of Brunswick", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 30 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Domstadtl: Austrian forces under Ernst Gideon von Laudon and Joseph von Siskovits rout an enormous convoy with supplies for the Prussian army, guarded by strong troops of Hans Joachim von Zieten.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_30", "text": "June 30", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Domstadtl", "text": "Battle of Domstadtl", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gideon_von_Laudon", "text": "Ernst Gideon von Laudon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia", "text": "Prussian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Joachim_von_Zieten", "text": "Hans Joachim von Zieten", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 6 Pope Clement XIII succeeds Pope Benedict XIV, as the 248th pope. Seven Years' War – Battle of Bernetz Brook: British troops defeat the French.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_6", "text": "July 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIII", "text": "Pope Clement XIII", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV", "text": "Pope Benedict XIV", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope", "text": "pope", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bernetz_Brook", "text": "Battle of Bernetz Brook", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Pope Clement XIII succeeds Pope Benedict XIV, as the 248th pope.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIII", "text": "Pope Clement XIII", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV", "text": "Pope Benedict XIV", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope", "text": "pope", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Seven Years' War – Battle of Bernetz Brook: British troops defeat the French.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bernetz_Brook", "text": "Battle of Bernetz Brook", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 8 – Seven Years' War: French and Indian War: French forces hold Fort Carillon against the British at Ticonderoga, New York.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_8", "text": "July 8", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Carillon", "text": "Fort Carillon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticonderoga,_New_York", "text": "Ticonderoga, New York", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 25 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: The island battery at Fortress Louisbourg is silenced, and all French warships are destroyed or taken.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_25", "text": "July 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_Louisbourg", "text": "Fortress Louisbourg", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 3 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Negapatam: Off the coast of India, Admiral Pocock again engages d'Aché's French fleet, this time with more success.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_3", "text": "August 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Negapatam_(1758)", "text": "Battle of Negapatam", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 25 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Zorndorf: Frederick halts the Russian army of Count Wilhelm Fermor near the Oder.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_25", "text": "August 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Zorndorf", "text": "Battle of Zorndorf", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire", "text": "Russian", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oder", "text": "Oder", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 27 – Seven Years' War – British troops under the command of Colonel John Bradstreet capture Fort Frontenac (near the site of what is now Kingston, Ontario) from the French.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_27", "text": "August 27", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bradstreet", "text": "John Bradstreet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Frontenac", "text": "Fort Frontenac", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario", "text": "Kingston, Ontario", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 3 – Távora affair: Joseph I of Portugal survives an assassination attempt.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_3", "text": "September 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Távora_affair", "text": "Távora affair", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal", "text": "Joseph I of Portugal", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 14 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Battle of Fort Duquesne: A British attack on Fort Duquesne (modern-day Pittsburgh) is defeated.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_14", "text": "September 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Duquesne", "text": "Battle of Fort Duquesne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Duquesne", "text": "Fort Duquesne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh", "text": "Pittsburgh", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "July – September" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 14 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Hochkirch: Frederick loses a hard-fought battle against the Austrians under Marshal Leopold von Daun, who besieges Dresden.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_14", "text": "October 14", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hochkirch", "text": "Battle of Hochkirch", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Leopold_Joseph_von_Daun", "text": "Leopold von Daun", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden", "text": "Dresden", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 25 – Seven Years' War: French and Indian War: French forces abandon Fort Duquesne to the British, who then name the area Pittsburgh.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_25", "text": "November 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Duquesne", "text": "Fort Duquesne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh", "text": "Pittsburgh", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 13 – The ship Duke William sinks in the North Atlantic, with the loss of over 360 lives, while deporting Acadians from Prince Edward Island to France.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_13", "text": "December 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_William_(ship)", "text": "Duke William", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadians", "text": "Acadians", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island", "text": "Prince Edward Island", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "December 25 – Halley's Comet appears for the first time, after Halley's identification of it.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_25", "text": "December 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet", "text": "Halley's Comet", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "October – December" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "The French build the first European settlement in what becomes Erie County, New York, at the mouth of Buffalo Creek.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York", "text": "Erie County, New York", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_River_(New_York)", "text": "Buffalo Creek", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rudjer Boscovich publishes his atomic theory, in Theoria philosophiae naturalis redacta ad unicam legem virium in nalura existentium.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudjer_Boscovich", "text": "Rudjer Boscovich", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_theory", "text": "atomic theory", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "A fire destroys parts of Christiania, Norway.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo", "text": "Christiania", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway", "text": "Norway", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Marquis Gabriel de Lernay, a French officer captured during the Seven Years' War, establishes a military lodge in Berlin, with the help of Baron de Printzen, master of The Three Globes Lodge at Berlin, and Philipp Samuel Rosa, a disgraced former pastor.", "links": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Okadaya (岡田屋), predecessor of AEON, a multiple retailer group, founded in Yokkaichi, Japan.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEON_(company)", "text": "AEON", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailer", "text": "retailer group", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokkaichi", "text": "Yokkaichi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan", "text": "Japan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "J. R. Geigy, predecessor of Novartis, a global pharmaceutical brand, founded in Basel, Switzerland.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novartis", "text": "Novartis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical", "text": "pharmaceutical", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel", "text": "Basel", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland", "text": "Switzerland", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "Date unknown" } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "1759", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 6 – George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6", "text": "January 6", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington", "text": "George Washington", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Dandridge_Custis", "text": "Martha Dandridge Custis", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 11 – In Philadelphia, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_11", "text": "January 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia", "text": "Philadelphia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_insurance", "text": "life insurance", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 13 – Távora affair: The Távora family is executed, following accusations of the attempted regicide of Joseph I of Portugal.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_13", "text": "January 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Távora_affair", "text": "Távora affair", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal", "text": "Joseph I of Portugal", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 15 The British Museum opens at Montagu House in London after six years of development. Voltaire 's satire Candide is published simultaneously in five countries.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_15", "text": "January 15", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum", "text": "British Museum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury", "text": "Montagu House", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire", "text": "Voltaire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candide", "text": "Candide", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "The British Museum opens at Montagu House in London after six years of development.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum", "text": "British Museum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury", "text": "Montagu House", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Voltaire 's satire Candide is published simultaneously in five countries.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire", "text": "Voltaire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candide", "text": "Candide", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "January 27 – Battle of Río Bueno: Spanish forces, led by Juan Antonio Garretón, defeat indigenous Huilliches of southern Chile.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_27", "text": "January 27", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Río_Bueno_(1759)", "text": "Battle of Río Bueno", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Garretón", "text": "Juan Antonio Garretón", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huilliche_people", "text": "Huilliches", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 12 – Ali II ibn Hussein becomes the new Ruler of Tunisia upon the death of his brother, Muhammad I ar-Rashid. Ali reigns for 23 years until his death in 1782.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_12", "text": "February 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_II_ibn_Hussein", "text": "Ali II ibn Hussein", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bey_of_Tunis", "text": "Ruler of Tunisia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_I_ar-Rashid", "text": "Muhammad I ar-Rashid", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 16 – The Comte de Lally (Thomas Lally) ends the French Army's two-month siege of the British Indian fort at Madras and retreats.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_16", "text": "February 16", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Arthur,_comte_de_Lally", "text": "Comte de Lally", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras", "text": "Madras", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 17 – \"The greatest fleet that had ever put out for America\" departs from Portsmouth with 250 ships (including 49 Royal Navy warships under the command of Vice Admiral Charles Saunders, on a mission to capture French-controlled Quebec. The ships bring 14,000 sailors, marines and British Army troops under the command of Major General James Wolfe, along with another 7,000 men in merchant service.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_17", "text": "February 17", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth", "text": "Portsmouth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy", "text": "Royal Navy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Saunders_(Royal_Navy_officer)", "text": "Vice Admiral Charles Saunders", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec", "text": "Quebec", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army", "text": "British Army", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe", "text": "James Wolfe", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "March 4 – November 20 – Étienne de Silhouette serves as Controller-General of France and attempts major financial reforms.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_4", "text": "March 4", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_20", "text": "November 20", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Étienne_de_Silhouette", "text": "Étienne de Silhouette", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "January – March" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 13 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Bergen: A French army defeats Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick in Hesse.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_13", "text": "April 13", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bergen_(1759)", "text": "Battle of Bergen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick", "text": "Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 1 – Josiah Wedgwood founds the Wedgwood pottery in England.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1", "text": "May 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah_Wedgwood", "text": "Josiah Wedgwood", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedgwood", "text": "Wedgwood", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 10 – The Macedonian Hussar Regiment is formed and starts to assist the Russian Empire in the Seven Years' War.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_10", "text": "May 10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_Hussar_Regiment", "text": "Macedonian Hussar Regiment", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 4 – After arriving at Canada, the Royal Navy fleet sails out of British-controlled Halifax toward the St. Lawrence River to prepare the invasion of French Quebec.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_4", "text": "June 4", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia", "text": "Halifax", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence_River", "text": "St. Lawrence River", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 15 – The first vascular surgery in history is performed by a Dr. Hallowell (whose first name has been lost) at Newcastle upon Tyne in England, who uses suture repair rather than a tying off with a ligature to repair an aneurysm on a patient's brachial artery. The case is reported in 1761 by Dr. Richard Lambert in the paper \"A new technique of treating an aneurysm\", published in the journal Medical Observations and Inquiries. The new procedure of reconstructing a damaged artery replaces the practice of ligation that had risked the amputation of a limb or organ failure.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_15", "text": "June 15", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_surgery", "text": "vascular surgery", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne", "text": "Newcastle upon Tyne", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_(medicine)", "text": "ligature", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_artery", "text": "brachial artery", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1761", "text": "1761", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 26 – After their fleet finishes navigation of the St. Lawrence and arriving at the Île d'Orléans, British troops go ashore on France's North American territory and begin the siege of Quebec City.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_26", "text": "June 26", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Île_d'Orléans", "text": "Île d'Orléans", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City", "text": "Quebec City", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null } ], "name": "April – June" }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 19 – The Great Stockholm Fire 1759 breaks out at Södermalm in Stockholm, Sweden.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_19", "text": "July 19", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Stockholm_Fire_1759", "text": "Great Stockholm Fire 1759", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Södermalm", "text": "Södermalm", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm", "text": "Stockholm", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden", "text": "Sweden", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 25 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War): In Canada, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_25", "text": "July 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Niagara", "text": "Fort Niagara", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Rouillé", "text": "Fort Rouillé", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 26 – 27 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) – Battle of Ticonderoga: At the southern end of Lake Champlain, French forces withdraw from Fort Carillon, which is taken by the British under General Amherst, and renamed Fort Ticonderoga.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_26", "text": "July 26", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_27", "text": "27", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "text": "Seven Years' War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War", "text": "French and Indian War", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ticonderoga_(1759)", "text": "Battle of Ticonderoga", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Champlain", "text": "Lake Champlain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Carillon", "text": "Fort Carillon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst", "text": "General Amherst", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga", "text": "Fort Ticonderoga", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 1 – Battle of Minden: Anglo–Hanoverian forces under Ferdinand of Brunswick defeat the French army of the Duc de Broglie, but due to the disobedience of the English cavalry commander Lord George Sackville, the French are able to withdraw unmolested.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_1", "text": "August 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Minden", "text": "Battle of Minden", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Brunswick", "text": "Ferdinand of Brunswick", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor-François,_2nd_duc_de_Broglie", "text": "Duc de Broglie", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Germain,_1st_Viscount_Sackville", "text": "Lord George Sackville", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 10 – Ferdinand VI of Spain dies, and is succeeded by his half-brother Charles III. Charles resigns the thrones of Naples and Sicily to his third son, Ferdinand IV.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_10", "text": "August 10", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain", "text": "Ferdinand VI of Spain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain", "text": "Charles III", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples", "text": "Naples", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily", "text": "Sicily", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies", "text": "Ferdinand IV", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null } ], "name": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 12 – Battle of Kunersdorf: Frederick the Great is rebuffed in bloody assaults, by the combined Austro–Russian army of Pyotr Saltykov and Ernst von Laudon. This is one of Frederick's greatest defeats.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_12", "text": "August 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kunersdorf", "text": "Battle of Kunersdorf", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_the_Great", "text": "Frederick the Great", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Saltykov", "text": "Pyotr Saltykov", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gideon_von_Laudon", "text": "Ernst von Laudon", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 18 – Battle of Lagos: The British fleet of Edward Boscawen defeats a French force under Commodore Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran off the Portuguese coast.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_18", "text": "August 18", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lagos", "text": "Battle of Lagos", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Boscawen", "text": "Edward Boscawen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 10 – Battle of Pondicherry: An inconclusive naval battle is fought off the coast of India, between the French Admiral d'Aché and the British under George Pocock. 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"2024-01-01T17:29:08"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1931–32 La Liga season started November 22, 1931, and finished April 3, 1932. As the Spanish Second Republic was established preceding the season, all the applicable clubs dropped the Royal patronage from their names and remove the crowns from their crests.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Liga", "text": "La Liga", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Second_Republic", "text": "Spanish Second Republic", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Athletic Bilbao was the defending champion. Madrid FC won its first title after finishing the season unbeaten. Valencia took part for the first time.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_Bilbao", "text": "Athletic Bilbao", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Madrid_CF", "text": "Madrid FC", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia", "text": "Valencia", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Team information", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Top scorers", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Pichichi Trophy", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Note: This list is the alternative top scorers list provided by newspaper Diario Marca, it differs from the one above which is based on official match reports", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox football league season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "Primera División", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Season", "value": "1931–32", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Champions", "value": "Madrid FC (1st title)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Madrid_C.F.", "text": "Madrid FC", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Relegated", "value": "Union Club", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Unión", "text": "Union Club", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Matches played", "value": "90", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Goals scored", "value": "351 (3.9 per match)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Top goalscorer", "value": "Guillermo Gorostiza (12)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_Gorostiza", "text": "Guillermo Gorostiza", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Biggest home win", "value": "Donostia 7–0 Arenas", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Sociedad", "text": "Donostia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenas_Club_de_Getxo", "text": "Arenas", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Biggest away win", "value": "Union Club 1–5 Athletic Bilbao", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Unión", "text": "Union Club", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_Bilbao", "text": "Athletic Bilbao", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Highest scoring", "value": "Valencia 6–4 Racing Santander", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia_CF", "text": "Valencia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racing_de_Santander", "text": "Racing Santander", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Longest winning run", "value": "5 matches Madrid FC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Madrid_C.F.", "text": "Madrid FC", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Longest unbeaten run", "value": "18 matches Madrid FC", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Madrid_C.F.", "text": "Madrid FC", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Longest winless run", "value": "6 matches Alavés Racing Santander Valencia", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportivo_Alavés", "text": "Alavés", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racing_de_Santander", "text": "Racing Santander", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia_CF", "text": "Valencia", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Longest losing run", "value": "5 matches Alavés", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportivo_Alavés", "text": "Alavés", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "← 1930–31 1932–33 →", "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2024-03-29T05:17:55"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1935 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University at Buffalo as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach George Van Bibber, the team compiled a 2–6 record. The team played its home games at Rotary Field in Buffalo, New York.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football", "text": "American football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_at_Buffalo", "text": "University at Buffalo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_college_football_season", "text": "1935 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Van_Bibber", "text": "George Van Bibber", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York", "text": "Buffalo, New York", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2024-04-26T16:36:19"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Bragadin may refer to:", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bragadin family, an old aristocratic Venetian family", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragadin_family", "text": "Bragadin family", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Bragadin-class submarine, submarine built for the Regia Marina", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragadin-class_submarine", "text": "Bragadin-class submarine", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Marco Antonio Bragadin (1523–1571), a Venetian lawyer and military officer of the Republic of Venice", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Antonio_Bragadin", "text": "Marco Antonio Bragadin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "1927 Suvanto, provisional designation 1936 FP, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 March 1936, by Finnish astronomer Rafael Suvanto at the Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. The asteroid was posthumously named in honor of the discoverer.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid", "text": "asteroid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt", "text": "asteroid belt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Suvanto", "text": "Rafael Suvanto", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku_Observatory", "text": "Turku Observatory", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Orbit and classification", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Suvanto is a member of the Eunomia family, the most prominent family in the intermediate main-belt, which mostly consists of stony S-type asteroids. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.3–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,577 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 13 ° with respect to the ecliptic.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunomia_family", "text": "Eunomia family", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-type_asteroid", "text": "S-type", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit", "text": "AU", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity", "text": "eccentricity", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination", "text": "inclination", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)", "text": "°", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic", "text": "ecliptic", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Physical characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "It will pass 0.048 AU (7,200,000 km) from 2 Pallas on 24 May 2074, which will allow a refinement to the known mass of Pallas.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Pallas", "text": "2 Pallas", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Photometric observations of Suvanto collected during 2004–2005 show a rotation period of 8.163 hours with a brightness variation of 0.60 magnitude.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photometry_(astronomy)", "text": "Photometric", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_period", "text": "rotation period", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)", "text": "magnitude", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Naming", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This minor planet was named in memory of Rafael Suvanto (credited discoverer), assistant of Yrjö Väisälä. Suvanto died during the last days of the Finnish Winter War of in the Battle of Summa (also see naming of asteroid 1928 Summa). The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1980 (M.P.C. 5450).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet", "text": "minor planet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Suvanto", "text": "Rafael Suvanto", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yrjö_Väisälä", "text": "Yrjö Väisälä", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Summa", "text": "Battle of Summa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Summa", "text": "1928 Summa", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center", "text": "Minor Planet Center", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Planet_Circulars", "text": "M.P.C.", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox planet", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1927 Suvanto", "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": "Lightcurve -based 3D-model of Suvanto", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightcurve", "text": "Lightcurve", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/1927Suvanto_%28Lightcurve_Inversion%29.png/290px-1927Suvanto_%28Lightcurve_Inversion%29.png", "width": 290, "height": 290, "alternative_text": null, "caption": "Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Suvanto" } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Discovery", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Discovered by", "value": "R. Suvanto", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers", "text": "Discovered by", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Suvanto", "text": "R. Suvanto", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discovery site", "value": "Turku Obs.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes", "text": "Discovery site", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso-Heikkilä_Observatory", "text": "Turku Obs.", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discovery date", "value": "18 March 1936", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Designations", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "MPC designation", "value": "(1927) Suvanto", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor-planet_designation", "text": "MPC designation", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Named after", "value": "Rafael Suvanto (discoverer; posthumous)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Suvanto", "text": "Rafael Suvanto", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-springer-2", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Alternative designations", "value": "1936 FP · 1930 XN", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy", "text": "Alternative designations", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Minor planet category", "value": "main-belt · Eunomia", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet#Populations", "text": "Minor planet category", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main-belt", "text": "main-belt", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunomia_family", "text": "Eunomia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-lcdb-3", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Orbital characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)", "text": "Epoch", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day", "text": "JD", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Uncertainty parameter 0", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_parameter", "text": "Uncertainty parameter", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Observation arc", "value": "86.21 yr (31,487 days)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation_arc", "text": "Observation arc", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Aphelion", "value": "3.0392 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion", "text": "Aphelion", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit", "text": "AU", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Perihelion", "value": "2.2631 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion", "text": "Perihelion", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Semi-major axis", "value": "2.6512 AU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes", "text": "Semi-major axis", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Eccentricity", "value": "0.1464", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity", "text": "Eccentricity", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Orbital period (sidereal)", "value": "4.32 yr (1,577 days)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period", "text": "Orbital period (sidereal)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)", "text": "yr", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Mean anomaly", "value": "352.49 °", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_anomaly", "text": "Mean anomaly", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)", "text": "°", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Mean motion", "value": "0° 13 m 41.88 s / day", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_motion", "text": "Mean motion", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Inclination", "value": "13.372°", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination", "text": "Inclination", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Longitude of ascending node", "value": "27.146°", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node", "text": "Longitude of ascending node", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Argument of perihelion", "value": "95.875°", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis", "text": "Argument of perihelion", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Physical characteristics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Dimensions", "value": "11.55 km (calculated) 11.841 ± 0.188 km 12.42 ± 1.28 km 12.494 ± 0.155 km", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-lcdb-3", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-Masiero-2014-4", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-Masiero-2012-5", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": 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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-Masiero-2014-4", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-WISE-6", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-Masiero-2012-5", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-lcdb-3", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Spectral type", "value": "S", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types", "text": "Spectral type", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-type_asteroid", "text": "S", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-lcdb-3", "text": null, "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Suvanto#cite_note-Veres-2015-9", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1917 Mare Island Marines football team represented the United States Marine Corps stationed at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard in Vallejo, California, during the 1917 college football season. The team compiled an 8–0 record, won the 1918 Rose Bowl, shut out six opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 200 to 10.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps", "text": "United States Marine Corps", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Island_Naval_Shipyard", "text": "Mare Island Naval Shipyard", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallejo,_California", "text": "Vallejo, California", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917_college_football_season", "text": "1917 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_Rose_Bowl", "text": "1918 Rose Bowl", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2024-02-08T21:41:30"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The following is a list of events, births, and deaths in 1937 in Switzerland.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland", "text": "Switzerland", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Incumbents", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Federal Council: Giuseppe Motta (president) Hermann Obrecht Philipp Etter Johannes Baumann Marcel Pilet-Golaz Albert Meyer Rudolf Minger", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Council", "text": "Federal Council", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta", "text": "Giuseppe Motta", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Obrecht", "text": "Hermann Obrecht", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Etter", "text": "Philipp Etter", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Baumann", "text": "Johannes Baumann", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Pilet-Golaz", "text": "Marcel Pilet-Golaz", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Meyer_(politician)", "text": "Albert Meyer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Minger", "text": "Rudolf Minger", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Giuseppe Motta (president)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta", "text": "Giuseppe Motta", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Hermann Obrecht", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Obrecht", "text": "Hermann Obrecht", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Philipp Etter", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Etter", "text": "Philipp Etter", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Johannes Baumann", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Baumann", "text": "Johannes Baumann", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Marcel Pilet-Golaz", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Pilet-Golaz", "text": "Marcel Pilet-Golaz", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Albert Meyer", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Meyer_(politician)", "text": "Albert Meyer", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Rudolf Minger", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Minger", "text": "Rudolf Minger", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "1936–37 Nationalliga, won by FC Lugano", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936–37_Nationalliga", "text": "1936–37 Nationalliga", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Lugano", "text": "FC Lugano", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1937 Swiss Grand Prix, won by Rudolf Caracciola", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937_Swiss_Grand_Prix", "text": "1937 Swiss Grand Prix", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Caracciola", "text": "Rudolf Caracciola", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1937–38 Nationalliga, won by Grasshopper Club Zürich", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937–38_Nationalliga", "text": "1937–38 Nationalliga", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshopper_Club_Zürich", "text": "Grasshopper Club Zürich", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Nyon Conference, which addresses attacks on shipping in the Spanish Civil War", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyon_Conference", "text": "Nyon Conference", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Allianz, a group of Swiss artists, is founded", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allianz_(arts)", "text": "Allianz", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "1937 Swiss freemasonry referendum", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937_Swiss_freemasonry_referendum", "text": "1937 Swiss freemasonry referendum", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Literature", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "An Answer from the Silence, a novel by Max Frisch, is published in Swiss", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Answer_from_the_Silence", "text": "An Answer from the Silence", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Frisch", "text": "Max Frisch", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "3 February – Billy Meier, prophet", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Meier", "text": "Billy Meier", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "9 March – Niele Toroni, painter", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niele_Toroni", "text": "Niele Toroni", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "18 May – Peter Bolliger, rower", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Bolliger", "text": "Peter Bolliger", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "21 May – Hansjörg Hirschbühl, bobsleigher", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansjörg_Hirschbühl", "text": "Hansjörg Hirschbühl", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "2 June – Pierre Favre, musician", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Favre_(musician)", "text": "Pierre Favre", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "30 June – Fritz Egli, motorcycle racer", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Egli", "text": "Fritz Egli", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 July – Joseph Payne, musician", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Payne_(musician)", "text": "Joseph Payne", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "12 July – Fritz Kehl, association footballer", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Kehl", "text": "Fritz Kehl", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "21 December – Hansruedi Führer, association footballer", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansruedi_Führer", "text": "Hansruedi Führer", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Attilio Moresi, cyclist", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attilio_Moresi", "text": "Attilio Moresi", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Sandro del Prete, painter", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro_del_Prete", "text": "Sandro del Prete", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "7 April – Hans Steffen, German geographer (born 1936 in Germany)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Steffen", "text": "Hans Steffen", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_in_Germany", "text": "1936 in Germany", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "9 May – Walter Mittelholzer, pilot, photographer, and travel writer (born 1894)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Mittelholzer", "text": "Walter Mittelholzer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_writer", "text": "travel writer", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894_in_Switzerland?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "1894", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "2 September – Pierre de Coubertin, French historian and founder of the International Olympic Committee (born 1863 in France)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin", "text": "Pierre de Coubertin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee", "text": "International Olympic Committee", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863_in_France", "text": "1863 in France", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Year in Switzerland", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "image", "name": null, "value": null, "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_in_Switzerland", "text": "1936", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_in_Switzerland", "text": "1935", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_in_Switzerland", "text": "1934", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1937", "text": "1937", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland", "text": "Switzerland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_in_Switzerland", "text": "1938", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_in_Switzerland", "text": "1939", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_in_Switzerland", "text": "1940", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png", "width": 90, "height": 90, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "← 1936 1935 1934 1937 in Switzerland → 1938 1939 1940", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_in_Switzerland", "text": "1936", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_in_Switzerland", "text": "1935", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_in_Switzerland", "text": "1934", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1937", "text": "1937", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland", "text": "Switzerland", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_in_Switzerland", "text": "1938", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_in_Switzerland", "text": "1939", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_in_Switzerland", "text": "1940", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png", "width": 90, "height": 90, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "list", "name": "Decades", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - 1910s\n - 1920s\n - 1930s\n - 1940s\n - 1950s\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "See also", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - History of Switzerland\n - Timeline of Swiss history\n - List of years in Switzerland\n" ], "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2024-03-13T17:15:57"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Events from the year 1869 in France.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "text": "France", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Incumbents", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Monarch – Napoleon III", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs", "text": "Monarch", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France", "text": "Napoleon III", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "2 May - Folies Bergère opens in Paris as the Folies Trévise.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folies_Bergère", "text": "Folies Bergère", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "23 May - Legislative election held.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1869_French_legislative_election", "text": "Legislative election", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 June - Legislative election held to elect the fourth legislature of the French Second Empire.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1869_French_legislative_election", "text": "Legislative election", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Second_Empire", "text": "French Second Empire", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "15 July - Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès files a patent for margarine.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyte_Mège-Mouriès", "text": "Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarine", "text": "margarine", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "7 March - Paul Émile Chabas, painter (died 1937)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Émile_Chabas", "text": "Paul Émile Chabas", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937_in_France", "text": "1937", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "8 April - Charles Binet, Archbishop of Besançon and Cardinal (died 1936)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Binet", "text": "Charles Binet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Besançon", "text": "Archbishop of Besançon", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)", "text": "Cardinal", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_in_France", "text": "1936", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "12 April - Henri Désiré Landru, serial killer (executed 1922)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Désiré_Landru", "text": "Henri Désiré Landru", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922_in_France", "text": "1922", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "23 April - Louise Compain, feminist author (died 1941)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Compain", "text": "Louise Compain", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_in_France", "text": "1941", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "29 July - Paul Aymé, tennis player (died 1962)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Aymé", "text": "Paul Aymé", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_in_France", "text": "1962", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "22 November - André Gide, author and winner of Nobel Prize in literature in 1947 (died 1951)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Gide", "text": "André Gide", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Author", "text": "author", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize", "text": "Nobel Prize", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_in_France", "text": "1951", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "31 December - Henri Matisse, artist (died 1954)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Matisse", "text": "Henri Matisse", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_in_France", "text": "1954", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "8 January - Joseph Jean Baptiste Xavier Fournet, geologist and metallurgist (born 1801)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jean_Baptiste_Xavier_Fournet", "text": "Joseph Jean Baptiste Xavier Fournet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologist", "text": "geologist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy", "text": "metallurgist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1801_in_France", "text": "1801", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "8 March - Hector Berlioz, composer (born 1803)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Berlioz", "text": "Hector Berlioz", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1803_in_France", "text": "1803", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "31 March - Allan Kardec, founder of Spiritism (born 1804)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Kardec", "text": "Allan Kardec", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism", "text": "Spiritism", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1804_in_France", "text": "1804", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "8 June - Felix-Joseph Barbelin, Jesuit influential in the development of the Catholic community in Philadelphia (born 1808)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix-Joseph_Barbelin", "text": "Felix-Joseph Barbelin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit", "text": "Jesuit", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia", "text": "Philadelphia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1808_in_France", "text": "1808", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "6 September - Jean-Pierre Dantan, sculptor (born 1800)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Dantan", "text": "Jean-Pierre Dantan", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800_in_France", "text": "1800", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "7 September - Auguste Simon Paris, notary and entomologist (born 1794)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Simon_Paris", "text": "Auguste Simon Paris", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_notary", "text": "notary", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologist", "text": "entomologist", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1794_in_France", "text": "1794", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "13 October - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, literary critic (born 1804)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Augustin_Sainte-Beuve", "text": "Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1804_in_France", "text": "1804", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "15 October - 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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1958 Sun Bowl (December) was a college football postseason bowl game between the Wyoming Cowboys and the Hardin–Simmons Cowboys. This was the 25th Sun Bowl, and the first edition to be held in December; all prior Sun Bowls had been played on January 1 or January 2.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football", "text": "college football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_game", "text": "bowl game", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Wyoming_Cowboys_football_team", "text": "Wyoming Cowboys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardin–Simmons_Cowboys_football", "text": "Hardin–Simmons Cowboys", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Bowl", "text": "Sun Bowl", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Wyoming was champion of the Mountain States Conference for the third time in the 1950s and Hardin–Simmons was champion of the Border Conference for the third time in 16 years.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_States_Conference", "text": "Mountain States Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Conference", "text": "Border Conference", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Game summary", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Though both teams were stingy on defense, two turnovers in the second quarter led to Hardin–Simmons' downfall. Pete Hart fumbled the ball and Wyoming's Pat Smyth recovered on the 19 of Hardin. Two plays later, Bud Snyder ran for 22 yards to the end zone to give Wyoming a 7–0 lead. After the kickoff, Hardin–Simmons was at their own 21 yard line. After a seven-yard loss on the first play, an interception of Harold Stephens' pass by Leonard Kuczewski led to another Snyder touchdown run. Stephens cut the lead on a touchdown pass to Benji, but after the failed conversion attempt, Hardin–Simmons failed to reach the end zone after that. Though Wyoming was limited to 188 total yards compared to Hardin-Simmons' 235 yards of total offense, Wyoming forced four turnovers while Hardin-Simmons failed to utilize their rushing attack for more points.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Aftermath", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Wyoming won three more conference titles, but was not invited to any more bowl games during the rest of Devaney's tenure. This was the last bowl game for Hardin–Simmons.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1951 Omloop Het Volk was the seventh edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 11 March 1951. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Jean Bogaerts.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omloop_Het_Nieuwsblad", "text": "Omloop Het Volk", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghent", "text": "Ghent", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bogaerts", "text": "Jean Bogaerts", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox cycling race report", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "Race details", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Dates", "value": "11 March 1951", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Stages", "value": "1", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Distance", "value": "204 km (126.8 mi)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Omloop_Het_Volk#cite_note-BRI-1", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Winning time", "value": "5h 35' 10\"", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Winner", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bogaerts", "text": "Jean Bogaerts", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Van_Brabant", "text": "Lionel Van Brabant", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Impanis", "text": "Raymond Impanis", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null }, { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Winner", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bogaerts", "text": "Jean Bogaerts", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Second", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Van_Brabant", "text": "Lionel Van Brabant", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Third", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Impanis", "text": "Raymond Impanis", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": [ { "content_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png", "width": 23, "height": 23, "alternative_text": null, "caption": null } ] } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The meridian 124° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Meridian", "text": "Greenwich", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude", "text": "longitude", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pole", "text": "North Pole", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean", "text": "Arctic Ocean", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America", "text": "North America", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean", "text": "Pacific Ocean", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Ocean", "text": "Southern Ocean", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica", "text": "Antarctica", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole", "text": "South Pole", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 124th meridian west forms a great circle with the 56th meridian east.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_circle", "text": "great circle", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/56th_meridian_east", "text": "56th meridian east", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "From Pole to Pole", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 124th meridian west passes through:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pole", "text": "North Pole", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole", "text": "South Pole", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1959 PGA Tour was the 44th season of the PGA Tour, the main professional golf tour in the United States.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGA_Tour", "text": "PGA Tour", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_golf_tour", "text": "professional golf tour", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Schedule", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The following table lists official events during the 1959 season.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Unofficial events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The following events were sanctioned by the PGA Tour, but did not carry official money, nor were wins official.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Money list", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The money list was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This is a list of Belgian television related events from 1964.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_television", "text": "Belgian television", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Networks and services", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "28 September - Andrea Croonenberghs, actress & singer", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Croonenberghs?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "Andrea Croonenberghs", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "25 October - Peter Van Den Begin, actor", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Van_Den_Begin", "text": "Peter Van Den Begin", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "21 December - Kris Wauters, co-host of Idool", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris_Wauters", "text": "Kris Wauters", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idool_(TV_series)", "text": "Idool", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": null } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Year nav topic5", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "List of years in Belgian television", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_years_in_Belgian_television", "text": "List of years in Belgian television", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "… 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 …", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Years_in_Belgian_television?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "…", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_in_Belgian_television?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "1954", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955_in_Belgian_television?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "1955", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1956", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_in_Belgian_television?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "1957", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1958", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1959", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1960", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1961", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1962", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1963", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1964", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1965", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1966", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1967", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1968", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1969", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1970", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1971", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1972", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_in_Belgian_television", "text": "1973", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_in_Belgian_television?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "1974", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Years_in_Belgian_television?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "…", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": null, "value": "Art Archaeology Architecture Literature Music Philosophy Science +...", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_in_art", "text": "Art", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_in_archaeology", "text": "Archaeology", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_in_architecture", "text": "Architecture", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_in_literature", "text": "Literature", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_in_music", "text": "Music", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_in_philosophy", "text": "Philosophy", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_in_science", "text": "Science", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1964", "text": "+...", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 189th Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the U.S. Army. It was probably formed in the late 1980s.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1st Battalion is part of the 34th Infantry Division, and administratively supervised while under state control by the 95th Troop Command of the Montana Army National Guard.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)", "text": "34th Infantry Division", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95th_Troop_Command?action=edit&redlink=1", "text": "95th Troop Command", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana_Army_National_Guard", "text": "Montana Army National Guard", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Structure", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "1st Battalion (General Support) Company B (CH-47F) at Army Aviation Support Facility, Reno Stead Airport (NV ARNG) Company C (UH-60M) Company F (MN ARNG) Company G (UH-60M) (OR ARNG) Detachment 1 (HI ARNG) at Army Aviation Support Facility #1 at Kaneohe Airfield", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno_Stead_Airport", "text": "Reno Stead Airport", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Guard", "text": "NV ARNG", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Army_National_Guard", "text": "MN ARNG", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Army_National_Guard", "text": "OR ARNG", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii_Army_National_Guard", "text": "HI ARNG", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Hawaii", "text": "Kaneohe Airfield", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Company B (CH-47F) at Army Aviation Support Facility, Reno Stead Airport (NV ARNG)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno_Stead_Airport", "text": "Reno Stead Airport", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Guard", "text": "NV ARNG", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Company C (UH-60M)", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Company F (MN ARNG)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Army_National_Guard", "text": "MN ARNG", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Company G (UH-60M) (OR ARNG) Detachment 1 (HI ARNG) at Army Aviation Support Facility #1 at Kaneohe Airfield", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Army_National_Guard", "text": "OR ARNG", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii_Army_National_Guard", "text": "HI ARNG", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Hawaii", "text": "Kaneohe Airfield", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Detachment 1 (HI ARNG) at Army Aviation Support Facility #1 at Kaneohe Airfield", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii_Army_National_Guard", "text": "HI ARNG", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Hawaii", "text": "Kaneohe Airfield", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2024-03-06T14:13:21"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1733 Polish–Lithuanian royal election was an election to decide on the new candidate for the Polish–Lithuanian throne.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth", "text": "Polish–Lithuanian", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "History", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On February 1, 1733, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Augustus II the Strong died in Warsaw, leaving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth without a monarch. Another royal election was necessary. This time, the Polish – Lithuanian nobility firmly opposed a foreign candidate, such as Portuguese Infante Manuel, Count of Ourem, who was supported by the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Empire (see Treaty of the Three Black Eagles).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong", "text": "Augustus II the Strong", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw", "text": "Warsaw", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth", "text": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_elections_in_Poland", "text": "royal election", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlachta", "text": "nobility", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infante_Manuel,_Count_of_Ourem", "text": "Infante Manuel, Count of Ourem", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire", "text": "Russian Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy", "text": "Habsburg Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Three_Black_Eagles", "text": "Treaty of the Three Black Eagles", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "During the Convocation Sejm (June 1733), the Primate of Poland, interrex Teodor Potocki suggested that no foreign candidacy should even be considered in the election. This motion was accepted by two most powerful magnate families: the Potocki family and the Czartoryski family. Furthermore, the conservative Roman Catholic nobility banned Protestants from all public offices. In the light of these events, former King Stanisław I Leszczyński emerged as the most obvious candidate. Leszczyński himself was not well-remembered in the Commonwealth, as during his reign (1704–1709) he was a puppet of the Swedish Empire, and left the Commonwealth after the Battle of Poltava. In 1725, his daughter Marie married Louis XV of France, and became Queen consort of France and Navarre. As a result of this marriage, Leszczyński’s popularity among the Polish nobility was widespread, as there were hopes that his election would elevate the international position of Poland, and end internal arguments within the Commonwealth. At the same time, courts in Vienna, St. Petersburg and Berlin opposed the pro-French Leszczyński, fearing that it would strengthen the Kingdom of France.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_elections_in_Poland#Procedure", "text": "Sejm", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrex", "text": "interrex", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodor_Andrzej_Potocki", "text": "Teodor Potocki", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnate", "text": "magnate", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potocki_family", "text": "Potocki family", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czartoryski_family", "text": "Czartoryski family", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanisław_I", "text": "Stanisław I Leszczyński", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Empire", "text": "Swedish Empire", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Poltava", "text": "Battle of Poltava", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Leszczynska", "text": "Marie", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France", "text": "Louis XV of France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_consort_of_France_and_Navarre", "text": "Queen consort of France and Navarre", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna", "text": "Vienna", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg", "text": "St. Petersburg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin", "text": "Berlin", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_France", "text": "Kingdom of France", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In July 1733, Leszczyński appeared in Versailles, and soon afterwards, France assembled a naval force, which was to transport the Pole from Brest to Gdańsk. These preparations, however, were a ruse of Cardinal Andre-Hercule de Fleury, who did not want to risk a conflict with England. Therefore, Leszczyński, disguised as a merchant named Ernest Bromback, accompanied by French Army officer Dandelot, reached Poland by land, after a trip through Germany.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles", "text": "Versailles", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_France", "text": "Brest", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gdańsk", "text": "Gdańsk", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre-Hercule_de_Fleury", "text": "Andre-Hercule de Fleury", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "On September 12, 1733, the nobility, gathered in Wola near Warsaw, elected Leszczyński new king of Poland. In the popular vote, he received the support of 13,500 electors. This news was received in Paris with joy, but soon after the election, the new king had to flee to Gdańsk, where he awaited French military assistance. Leszczyński feared a 30,000 strong Russian army, which entered the Commonwealth in early August. The Russians organized a separate royal election (October 5), with only 1,000 electors, who voted for Augustus III, the son of Augustus II the Strong. These events marked the beginning of a major European conflict, known as War of the Polish Succession.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wola", "text": "Wola", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris", "text": "Paris", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland", "text": "Augustus III", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession", "text": "War of the Polish Succession", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "A civil war also broke out in the Commonwealth. Russian army captured Kraków, where Augustus III was crowned on January 17, 1734. Eventually, Russian and Saxon armies defeated the supporters of Leszczyński (see Siege of Danzig (1734)), and in 1736, the Pacification Sejm confirmed the accession of Augustus III to the Polish throne.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraków", "text": "Kraków", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1734)", "text": "Siege of Danzig (1734)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacification_Sejm_(1736)", "text": "Pacification Sejm", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Sources", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "U. Augustyniak, Historia Polski 1572–1795, Warszawa 2008", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "M. Markiewicz, Historia Polski 1494–1795, Kraków 2002", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2023-12-19T15:05:26"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1913 Toronto Argonauts season was the 30th season for the team since the franchise's inception in 1873. The team finished in third place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 3–3 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_in_Canadian_football", "text": "1913", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts", "text": "Toronto Argonauts", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interprovincial_Rugby_Football_Union", "text": "Interprovincial Rugby Football Union", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Regular season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Standings", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Schedule", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "(*) The October 18 game versus Ottawa that ended in a tie was replayed on Nov 15 and did not count towards the standings.", "links": null, "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox NFL season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1913 Toronto Argonauts season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Head coach", "value": "Ross Binkley", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Binkley", "text": "Ross Binkley", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_Toronto_Argonauts_season#cite_note-1", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Home field", "value": "Rosedale Field", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosedale_Field", "text": "Rosedale Field", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_Toronto_Argonauts_season#cite_note-2", "text": null, "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Record", "value": "3–3", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Division place", "value": "3rd, IRFU", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interprovincial_Rugby_Football_Union", "text": "IRFU", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Playoff finish", "value": "Did not qualify", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2023-11-02T18:43:22"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The Constitution Alteration (Social Services) Bill 1946, was a successful proposal to alter the Australian Constitution to give the Commonwealth power over a range of social services. The question was put to a referendum in the 1946 Australian referendum with two other (unrelated) questions. It was carried and inserted into section 51 of the Australian Constitution.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Constitution", "text": "Australian Constitution", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_services", "text": "social services", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendums_in_Australia", "text": "referendum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_Australian_referendum", "text": "1946 Australian referendum", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_51_of_the_Australian_Constitution", "text": "section 51 of the Australian Constitution", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Question", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Social Services) 1946'?", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Section 51 of the Australian Constitution grants the commonwealth legislative power. Prior to this amendment the only social services provision was s51(xxiii) that gave power to legislate for invalid and old-age pensions. The proposal was to introduce s51(xxiiiA), which reads:", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_51_of_the_Australian_Constitution", "text": "Section 51 of the Australian Constitution", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "(xxiiiA) the provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorize any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family allowances;", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Background", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Federal legislation already existed on a number of these issues despite the lack of a clear constitutional basis: child endowment payments were introduced in 1941, widow's pensions in 1942, and unemployment benefits in 1945. These payments were based on the spending power (s81). However, in the first Pharmaceutical Benefits Case constitutional questions were raised about the validity of Commonwealth social security legislation based on s81. The High Court held that the Pharmaceutical Benefits Act 1944, which sought to introduce a scheme of subsidised medications, was unconstitutional because it was not supported by a section 51 head of power and could not be supported by s81.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_81_of_the_Australian_Constitution", "text": "spending power (s81)", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney-General_(Victoria);_Ex_rel_Dale_v_Commonwealth", "text": "first Pharmaceutical Benefits Case", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_51_of_the_Australian_Constitution", "text": "section 51", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The amendment was therefore intended to clarify and enshrine the existence of a power that was already being exercised and received bipartisan support. This perhaps explains why this amendment was carried, given that it was already accepted as an area of Commonwealth activity. In addition, a \"no\" vote could have ended welfare programs from which voters were benefiting.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Civil conscription", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Compulsory military service had existed in Australia since the passage of the Defence Act 1903, however this was restricted to times of war and to service within Australia. Thus the proposal in the 1916 and 1917 conscription referendums were that the parliament exercise the power to conscript civilians for military service outside Australia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_Australian_conscription_referendum", "text": "1916", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917_Australian_conscription_referendum", "text": "1917 conscription referendums", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "In 1920 the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the Emergency Powers Act 1920 which stated that the regulations could not impose \"any form of compulsory military service or industrial conscription\". The exclusion of \"industrial conscription\" was picked up in Australia in the Public Safety Preservation Act 1923 (Vic), the Section 5 of the National Security Act 1939 (Cth) and the National Emergency Act 1941 (NSW).", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom", "text": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Powers_Act_1920", "text": "Emergency Powers Act 1920", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The exclusion of conscription was not part of the government bill, unlike the Constitution Alteration (Industrial Employment) Bill which excluded \"any form of industrial conscription\". The Leader of the Opposition, Robert Menzies, criticised the social services proposal as including the power to nationalize the medical and dental professions \"by making all doctors and dentists members of one government service which had a monopoly of medical and dental treatment\". 4 days later Menzies proposed that the words \"(but not so as to authorize any form of civil conscription)\" be added to the bill, stating that he had borrowed the form of words from the Industrial Employment Bill, and the amendment was accepted by the government as protecting the medical and dental professions from conscription.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_Australian_referendum_(Industrial_Employment)", "text": "Constitution Alteration (Industrial Employment) Bill", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)", "text": "Leader of the Opposition", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzies", "text": "Robert Menzies", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Discussion", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "This was the fourth of eight referendum questions which have been passed as of October 2021.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "After the amendment the Social Services Consolidation Act 1947 was passed. In addition the Pharmaceutical Benefits scheme, held unconstitutional in the Pharmaceutical Benefits case, was reintroduced and passed as the Pharmaceutical Benefits Act 1947.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Subsequent consideration", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The meaning of the exception of \"civil conscription\" was considered by the High Court in General Practitioners Society v Commonwealth where Justice Gibbs took a narrow view of the exception, holding that civil conscription, in the context of medical and dental services, \"refers to any sort of compulsion to engage in practice as a doctor or a dentist or to perform particular medical or dental services\" and distinguished that from the permissible \"regulation of the manner in which a service is performed\" if the benefit is to be obtained\".", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Gibbs", "text": "Justice Gibbs", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null }, { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The High Court conducted an extensive review of what amounts to civil conscription in Wong v Commonwealth, holding that the Medicare system did not amount to civil conscription of doctors \"because doctors do not compulsorily provide service for the Commonwealth, or for other bodies on the Commonwealth’s behalf. The Act does not force doctors to treat or not treat particular patients. Doctors are free to choose where and when they practise\".", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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"2023-02-08T15:32:25"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Statistics of Allsvenskan in season 1943/1944.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allsvenskan", "text": "Allsvenskan", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Overview", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The league was contested by 12 teams, with Malmö FF winning the championship.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malmö_FF", "text": "Malmö FF", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "League table", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Results", "has_parts": null } ]

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{ "identifier": "516bacbb-4118-4ae4-a82e-157154c2cd62", "type": "update", "date_created": "2024-04-27T00:36:19.091888Z", "date_published": "2024-08-06T08:45:27.300396Z" }

"2022-12-05T21:08:59"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1951–52 Sheffield Shield season was the 50th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheffield_Shield", "text": "Sheffield Shield", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-class_cricket", "text": "first-class", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket", "text": "cricket", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales_cricket_team", "text": "New South Wales", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Statistics", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Most Runs", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Phil Ridings 533", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Ridings", "text": "Phil Ridings", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Most Wickets", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Geff Noblet 39", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geff_Noblet", "text": "Geff Noblet", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox cricket tournament", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1951–52 Sheffield Shield season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Cricket format", "value": "First-class", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-class_cricket", "text": "First-class", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Tournament format(s)", "value": "Double round-robin", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin_tournament", "text": "Double round-robin", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Champions", "value": "New South Wales (25th title)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales_cricket_team", "text": "New South Wales", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Participants", "value": "5", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Matches", "value": "16", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2023-12-27T21:42:28"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1949 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1949 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Bob Woodruff, the Bears compiled an 8–2 record (6–1 against conference opponents), finished in second place in the conference, were ranked No. 20 in the final AP Poll, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 232 to 126. They played their home games at Municipal Stadium in Waco, Texas. Don Mouser was the team captain.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baylor_University", "text": "Baylor University", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Conference", "text": "Southwest Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_college_football_season", "text": "1949 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Woodruff_(American_football)", "text": "Bob Woodruff", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Poll", "text": "AP Poll", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Stadium_(Waco)", "text": "Municipal Stadium", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waco,_Texas", "text": "Waco, Texas", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox college sports team season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1949 Baylor Bears football", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Conference", "value": "Southwest Conference", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Conference", "text": "Southwest Conference", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Ranking", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "AP", "value": "No. 20 (tie)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Record", "value": "8–2 (4–2 SWC)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Head coach", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - Bob Woodruff (3rd season)\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Captain", "value": "Don Mouser", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Home stadium", "value": "Municipal Stadium", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Stadium_(Waco)", "text": "Municipal Stadium", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2023-10-23T16:02:59"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "Year 1420 (MCDXX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals", "text": "MCDXX", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Monday", "text": "leap year starting on Monday", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar", "text": "Julian calendar", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Events", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "January – December", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "March – The Çelebi Sultan Mehmed Mosque in Didymoteicho is inaugurated.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March", "text": "March", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çelebi_Sultan_Mehmed_Mosque", "text": "Çelebi Sultan Mehmed Mosque", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didymoteicho", "text": "Didymoteicho", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 21 – Treaty of Troyes: With the Burgundian faction dominant in France, King Charles VI of France acknowledges Henry V of England as his heir, and as virtual ruler of most of France.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_21", "text": "May 21", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes", "text": "Treaty of Troyes", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France", "text": "Charles VI of France", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England", "text": "Henry V of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "May 25 – Henry the Navigator is appointed Grand Master of the Military Order of Christ.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25", "text": "May 25", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator", "text": "Henry the Navigator", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Order_of_Christ", "text": "Military Order of Christ", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 2 – Catherine of Valois marries King Henry V of England.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2", "text": "June 2", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois", "text": "Catherine of Valois", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England", "text": "Henry V of England", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 7 – Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine after a long siege, ending the independence of the Patriarchal State of Friuli, run by the Patriarch of Aquileia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_7", "text": "June 7", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Venice", "text": "Republic of Venice", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udine", "text": "Udine", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarchal_State_of_Friuli", "text": "Patriarchal State of Friuli", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_of_Aquileia", "text": "Patriarch of Aquileia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 7 – Construction of the dome of Florence Cathedral is started, after Filippo Brunelleschi wins the commission for his \"double shell\" design.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_7", "text": "August 7", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Cathedral", "text": "Florence Cathedral", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi", "text": "Filippo Brunelleschi", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 31 – a 9.4 M -strong earthquake shakes Chile's Atacama Region causing tsunamis in Chile as well as Hawaii and Japan.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_31", "text": "August 31", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1420_Caldera_earthquake", "text": "a 9.4 M -strong earthquake", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacama_Region", "text": "Atacama Region", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami", "text": "tsunamis", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii", "text": "Hawaii", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan", "text": "Japan", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 22 – Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh, an envoy of the embassy sent by the Timurid ruler of Persia, Mirza Shahrukh (r. 1404–1447), to the Ming Dynasty of China during the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424), records his sight and travel over a large floating pontoon bridge at Lanzhou (constructed earlier in 1372) as he crosses the Yellow River on this day. He writes that it was: \"...composed of twenty three boats, of great excellence and strength attached together by a long chain of iron as thick as a man's thigh, and this was moored on each side to an iron post as thick as a man's waist extending a distance of ten cubits on the land and planted firmly in the ground, the boats being fastened to this chain by means of big hooks. There were placed big wooden planks over the boats so firmly and evenly that all the animals were made to pass over it without difficulty.\"", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_22", "text": "October 22", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghiyāth_al-dīn_Naqqāsh", "text": "Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_dynasty", "text": "Timurid", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persia", "text": "Persia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahrukh_Mirza", "text": "Mirza Shahrukh", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynasty", "text": "Ming Dynasty", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor", "text": "Yongle Emperor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontoon_bridge", "text": "pontoon bridge", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanzhou", "text": "Lanzhou", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1372", "text": "1372", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River", "text": "Yellow River", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 28 – Beijing is officially designated the capital of the Ming Dynasty, during the same year that the Forbidden City, the seat of government, is completed.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_28", "text": "October 28", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing", "text": "Beijing", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynasty", "text": "Ming Dynasty", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_City", "text": "Forbidden City", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "November 1 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Vyšehrad: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, fails and is ejected from Bohemia.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_1", "text": "November 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussite_Wars", "text": "Hussite Wars", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vyšehrad", "text": "Battle of Vyšehrad", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "text": "Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia", "text": "Bohemia", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] }, { "type": "section", "value": null, "links": null, "name": "Date unknown", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "Henry V of England commences construction of the ship Grace Dieu.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England", "text": "Henry V of England", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Dieu_(ship)", "text": "Grace Dieu", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Tang Saier starts a rebellion against the emperor of China, and takes two cities with her rebel army, before she is defeated.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Saier", "text": "Tang Saier", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Construction begins on the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China, while the palace complex of the Forbidden City is completed. In this year the Yongle Emperor confers the title \"Beijing\" (\"Northern Capital\") for the Ming Dynasty 's new capital city, replacing Nanjing.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven", "text": "Temple of Heaven", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing", "text": "Beijing", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China", "text": "China", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_City", "text": "Forbidden City", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor", "text": "Yongle Emperor", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynasty", "text": "Ming Dynasty", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing", "text": "Nanjing", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Radu II Praznaglava, supported by the Ottomans, and Dan II, with Hungarian help, start a seven-years-long struggle for the throne of Wallachia, after Mihail I is killed in a battle. The throne of Wallachia will switch from one to another about four times until 1427, when Radu II dies.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radu_II_of_Wallachia", "text": "Radu II Praznaglava", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_II_of_Wallachia", "text": "Dan II", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallachia", "text": "Wallachia", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_I_of_Wallachia", "text": "Mihail I", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1427", "text": "1427", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Alexandru cel Bun defends Moldavia against the first incursion by the Ottomans, at Cetatea Albă.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Moldavia", "text": "Alexandru cel Bun", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetatea_Albă", "text": "Cetatea Albă", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ], "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Births", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "February 9 – Dorothea of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg (d. 1491)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_9", "text": "February 9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea_of_Brandenburg,_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg", "text": "Dorothea of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1491", "text": "1491", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "April 23 – George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia (d. 1471)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_23", "text": "April 23", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_of_Poděbrady", "text": "George of Poděbrady", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1471", "text": "1471", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 5 – Anna of Saxony, Landgravine of Hesse, German royalty (d. 1462)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_5", "text": "June 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_of_Saxony,_Landgravine_of_Hesse", "text": "Anna of Saxony, Landgravine of Hesse", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1462", "text": "1462", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "July 19 – William VIII, Marquess of Montferrat (d. 1483)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_19", "text": "July 19", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_VIII,_Marquess_of_Montferrat", "text": "William VIII, Marquess of Montferrat", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1483", "text": "1483", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "October 1 – Elisabeth of Cleves, Countess of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, German noble (d. 1488)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1", "text": "October 1", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Cleves,_Countess_of_Schwarzburg-Blankenburg", "text": "Elisabeth of Cleves, Countess of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1488", "text": "1488", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown Jean Fouquet, French painter (d. 1481) Nicolas Jenson, French engraver (d. 1480) Antoinette de Maignelais, mistress of Charles VII of France (d. 1474) Tomás de Torquemada, first grand inquisitor of Spain (d. 1490)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Fouquet", "text": "Jean Fouquet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481", "text": "1481", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Jenson", "text": "Nicolas Jenson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1480", "text": "1480", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoinette_de_Maignelais", "text": "Antoinette de Maignelais", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1474", "text": "1474", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomás_de_Torquemada", "text": "Tomás de Torquemada", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1490", "text": "1490", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Jean Fouquet, French painter (d. 1481)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Fouquet", "text": "Jean Fouquet", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1481", "text": "1481", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Nicolas Jenson, French engraver (d. 1480)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Jenson", "text": "Nicolas Jenson", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1480", "text": "1480", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Antoinette de Maignelais, mistress of Charles VII of France (d. 1474)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoinette_de_Maignelais", "text": "Antoinette de Maignelais", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1474", "text": "1474", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Tomás de Torquemada, first grand inquisitor of Spain (d. 1490)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomás_de_Torquemada", "text": "Tomás de Torquemada", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1490", "text": "1490", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "section", "name": "Deaths", "has_parts": [ { "type": "list", "value": null, "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 11 – John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg (b. c. 1369)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_11", "text": "June 11", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_III,_Burgrave_of_Nuremberg", "text": "John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "June 12 – Adolf I, Count of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1362)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_12", "text": "June 12", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_I,_Count_of_Nassau-Siegen", "text": "Adolf I, Count of Nassau-Siegen", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August – Mihail I, ruler of Wallachia (killed in battle)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_I_of_Wallachia", "text": "Mihail I", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "August 9 – Pierre d'Ailly, French theologian and cardinal (b. 1351)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_9", "text": "August 9", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_d'Ailly", "text": "Pierre d'Ailly", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1351", "text": "1351", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "September 3 – Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, regent of Scotland", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_3", "text": "September 3", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Duke_of_Albany", "text": "Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "date unknown Andrew of Wyntoun, Scottish chronicler (b. 1350) Marina Galina, Dogaressa of Venice Epiphanius the Wise, Russian saint King Lukeni lua Nimi of the Kingdom of Kongo (b. 1380)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_of_Wyntoun", "text": "Andrew of Wyntoun", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1350", "text": "1350", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Galina", "text": "Marina Galina", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphanius_the_Wise", "text": "Epiphanius the Wise", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukeni_lua_Nimi", "text": "Lukeni lua Nimi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo", "text": "Kingdom of Kongo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1380", "text": "1380", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Andrew of Wyntoun, Scottish chronicler (b. 1350)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_of_Wyntoun", "text": "Andrew of Wyntoun", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1350", "text": "1350", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Marina Galina, Dogaressa of Venice", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Galina", "text": "Marina Galina", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "Epiphanius the Wise, Russian saint", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphanius_the_Wise", "text": "Epiphanius the Wise", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null }, { "type": "list_item", "value": "King Lukeni lua Nimi of the Kingdom of Kongo (b. 1380)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukeni_lua_Nimi", "text": "Lukeni lua Nimi", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo", "text": "Kingdom of Kongo", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1380", "text": "1380", "images": null } ], "has_parts": null, "name": null } ] } ] } ]

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{ "type": "field", "name": "Decades", "value": "1400s 1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia", "text": "Decades", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1400s_(decade)", "text": "1400s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1410s", "text": "1410s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1420s", "text": "1420s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1430s", "text": "1430s", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1440s", "text": "1440s", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Years", "value": "1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_years", "text": "Years", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1417", "text": "1417", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1418", "text": "1418", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1419", "text": "1419", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1420", "text": "1420", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1421", "text": "1421", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1422", "text": "1422", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1423", "text": "1423", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] }, { "type": "infobox", "name": "C15 year in topic", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": null, "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Gregorian calendar", "value": "1420 MCDXX", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar", "text": "Gregorian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Ab urbe condita", "value": "2173", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita", "text": "Ab urbe condita", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Armenian calendar", "value": "869 ԹՎ ՊԿԹ", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_calendar", "text": "Armenian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Assyrian calendar", "value": "6170", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_calendar", "text": "Assyrian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Balinese saka calendar", "value": "1341–1342", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar", "text": "Balinese saka calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Bengali calendar", "value": "827", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_calendar", "text": "Bengali calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Berber calendar", "value": "2370", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_calendar", "text": "Berber calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "English Regnal year", "value": "7 Hen. 5 – 8 Hen. 5", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_monarchs", "text": "English Regnal year", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England", "text": "Hen. 5", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England", "text": "Hen. 5", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Buddhist calendar", "value": "1964", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_calendar", "text": "Buddhist calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Burmese calendar", "value": "782", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_calendar", "text": "Burmese calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Byzantine calendar", "value": "6928–6929", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendar", "text": "Byzantine calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Chinese calendar", "value": "己亥 年 (Earth Pig) 4117 or 3910 — to — 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 4118 or 3911", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar", "text": "Chinese calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle", "text": "己亥", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)", "text": "Pig", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)", "text": "Rat", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Coptic calendar", "value": "1136–1137", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_calendar", "text": "Coptic calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Discordian calendar", "value": "2586", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discordian_calendar", "text": "Discordian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Ethiopian calendar", "value": "1412–1413", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar", "text": "Ethiopian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Hebrew calendar", "value": "5180–5181", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar", "text": "Hebrew calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Hindu calendars", "value": "Hindu calendars", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_calendar", "text": "Hindu calendars", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "- Vikram Samvat", "value": "1476–1477", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikram_Samvat", "text": "Vikram Samvat", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "- Shaka Samvat", "value": "1341–1342", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_national_calendar", "text": "Shaka Samvat", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "- Kali Yuga", "value": "4520–4521", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Yuga", "text": "Kali Yuga", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Holocene calendar", "value": "11420", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_calendar", "text": "Holocene calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Igbo calendar", "value": "420–421", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_calendar", "text": "Igbo calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Iranian calendar", "value": "798–799", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_calendars", "text": "Iranian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Islamic calendar", "value": "822–823", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendar", "text": "Islamic calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Japanese calendar", "value": "Ōei 27 (応永２７年)", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_calendar", "text": "Japanese calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ōei", "text": "Ōei", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Javanese calendar", "value": "1334–1335", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_calendar", "text": "Javanese calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Julian calendar", "value": "1420 MCDXX", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar", "text": "Julian calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Korean calendar", "value": "3753", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_calendar", "text": "Korean calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Minguo calendar", "value": "492 before ROC 民前492年", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minguo_calendar", "text": "Minguo calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912–1949)", "text": "ROC", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Nanakshahi calendar", "value": "−48", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar", "text": "Nanakshahi calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Thai solar calendar", "value": "1962–1963", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar", "text": "Thai solar calendar", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Tibetan calendar", "value": "阴土猪年 (female Earth- Pig) 1546 or 1165 or 393 — to — 阳金鼠年 (male Iron- Rat) 1547 or 1166 or 394", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_calendar", "text": "Tibetan calendar", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)", "text": "Pig", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)", "text": "Rat", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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"2023-08-17T02:37:43"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The 1953 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1953 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled an 8–2 record (4–2 against Border Conference opponents), finished third in the conference, defeated Southern Miss in the 1954 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 257 to 144.", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football", "text": "American football", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_El_Paso", "text": "University of Texas at El Paso", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Conference", "text": "Border Conference", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_college_football_season", "text": "1953 college football season", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Brumbelow", "text": "Mike Brumbelow", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Miss_Golden_Eagles_football", "text": "Southern Miss", "images": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Sun_Bowl", "text": "1954 Sun Bowl", "images": null } ], "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

[ { "type": "infobox", "name": "Infobox college sports team season", "has_parts": [ { "type": "section", "name": "1953 Texas Western Miners football", "has_parts": null }, { "type": "section", "name": "Sun Bowl, W 37–14 vs. Mississippi Southern", "has_parts": [ { "type": "field", "name": "Conference", "value": "Border Conference", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Conference", "text": "Border Conference", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Record", "value": "8–2 (4–2 Border)", "links": null, "values": null, "images": null }, { "type": "list", "name": "Head coach", "value": null, "links": null, "values": [ " - Mike Brumbelow (4th season)\n" ], "images": null }, { "type": "field", "name": "Home stadium", "value": "Kidd Field", "links": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidd_Field", "text": "Kidd Field", "images": null } ], "values": null, "images": null } ] } ] } ]

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{ "identifier": "5af52135-4145-44c7-85c1-fa5f845e0c52", "type": "update", "date_created": "2024-04-27T00:36:17.359618Z", "date_published": "2024-08-06T08:45:29.463591Z" }

"2022-07-10T16:42:36"

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[ { "type": "section", "name": "Abstract", "has_parts": [ { "type": "paragraph", "value": "The following is an overview of the events of 1943 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "links": null, "name": null, "has_parts": null } ] } ]

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