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QRQA-10200-5-flip
Does it take more or less energy to power a bulky vehicle?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lighter, more streamlined vehicles need less energy.
QRSent-10200
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy to power", "less_effect_prop": "energy to power", "less_cause_dir": "energy to power" }
QRQA-10066-2
As gas in the plant is cooling down, Gabe notices that the particles are moving more
{ "text": [ "slowly", "faster." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If the gas is cooled, the particles will move more slowly, because they will have less energy.
QRSent-10066
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "cooled", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slowly", "less_cause_prop": "gas", "more_effect_prop": "particles moving", "less_effect_prop": "particles moving", "less_cause_dir": "particles moving" }
QRQA-10026-3-flip
If Mona creates a longitudinal wave and decreases the distance of the particles in the wave, what happens to the amplitude of that wave?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer together the particles in a longitudinal wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10026
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer together the particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "distance", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10204-1
Compared to a field represented by lines spaced every two inches on a sheet of paper, if another field were drawn at the same scale with lines spaced every inch, the second field would be
{ "text": [ "described as stronger", "described as weaker?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer the field lines are drawn together, the stronger the field being described.
QRSent-10204
{ "effect_prop": "distance between lines drawn to represent the field", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "the strength of a field being described" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "spaced every two inches", "less_effect_dir": "spaced every inch", "less_cause_prop": "field", "more_effect_prop": "lines", "less_effect_prop": "lines", "less_cause_dir": "lines" }
QRQA-10231-5
What happens when you lighten a rocket?
{ "text": [ "goes higher", "falls down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
By using multiple stages, empty fuel containers could drop away. This reduced the mass of the rocket so that it could fly higher.
QRSent-10231
{ "effect_prop": "height", "cause_dir_str": "reduced", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "goes higher", "less_effect_dir": "falls down", "less_cause_prop": "rocket", "more_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_cause_dir": "rocket" }
QRQA-10230-3
Katie wants to get light to turn to rainbow colors by using a lens to filter the light through. In order to get the most colors, Katie will use a lens that is
{ "text": [ "flat", "curved" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts the light that passes through it.
QRSent-10230
{ "effect_prop": "refracted light", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curved lens" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "most", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "lens", "more_effect_prop": "colors", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10232-1-flip
Compared to Neptune, which is the furthest planet to the Sun, would Mercury, which is the closest planet from the Sun have a
{ "text": [ "larger orbit", "smaller orbit?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The planets further from the Sun will have bigger orbits, and therefore take longer to revolve around the Sun.
QRSent-10232
{ "effect_prop": "larger orbits", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "planetary distance from the Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger orbit", "less_effect_dir": "smaller orbit", "less_cause_prop": "Mercury", "more_effect_prop": "planet", "less_effect_prop": "planet", "less_cause_dir": "planet" }
QRQA-10208-5
An object with little kinetic energy is probably
{ "text": [ "small", "large" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy.
QRSent-10208
{ "effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "little", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_cause_dir": "kinetic energy" }
QRQA-10122-3-flip
What happens to the size of a population if the number of predators for that population is decreased?
{ "text": [ "gets bigger", "gets smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An increase in predators, the emergence of a new disease, or the loss of habitat are just three possible problems that will decrease a population.
QRSent-10122
{ "effect_prop": "population", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "predators" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "predators", "more_effect_prop": "population", "less_effect_prop": "population", "less_cause_dir": "population" }
QRQA-10359-1-flip
Dean turns the current up a lot, expecting that the resistance will
{ "text": [ "shrink", "grow" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When we add resistors in parallel to each other the total resistance decreases and the current increases.
QRSent-10359
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "current" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "grow", "less_effect_dir": "shrink", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10013-5
John was watching the particles as they interacted with each other. He found that the higher the pressure, the collisions were
{ "text": [ "Higher", "Lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More particles inside the container means more collisions, and more collisions mean a higher pressure.
QRSent-10013
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "collisions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Pressure", "more_effect_prop": "Collisions", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10076-2-flip
A sound wave that has less frequency will have _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude.
QRSent-10076
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10098-2-flip
When you look at a lake before the rain the water levels are
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The water table is higher when there is a lot of rain and lower when the weather is dry.
QRSent-10098
{ "effect_prop": "water in the water table", "cause_dir_str": "lot of", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rain" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "rain", "more_effect_prop": "water levels", "less_effect_prop": "water levels", "less_cause_dir": "water levels" }
QRQA-10207-3
If Bob notices an increase in the amount of solar storms, it would mean there are _____ sunspots.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When there are more sunspots the Sun is more active and there are more solar storms and more of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth.
QRSent-10207
{ "effect_prop": "solar storms", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sunspots" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "sunspots", "more_effect_prop": "storms", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10016-4-flip
Mike wants his circuits to be able to have a lower resistance, so that the current increases. In order to do this, he will consider his resistors and
{ "text": [ "increase them", "decrease them" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
We also saw that adding resistors to a series circuit increases the total resistance of the circuit, causing the current to decrease.
QRSent-10016
{ "effect_prop": "total resistance of circuits", "cause_dir_str": "adding", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors added" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "circuit resistance", "less_cause_dir": "circuit resistance" }
QRQA-10259-3
Which planet does the sun have the most gravity effect on?
{ "text": [ "Mars", "Mercury" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Moon has a greater effect on the tides because, although it is much smaller than the Sun, it is much closer.
QRSent-10259
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "most", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Mercury", "more_effect_prop": "gravity effect", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10242-5
Rupert is evaluating the impact of factories on the natural resources of developing nations. If Nation X added 100 new factories, it will _____ demands on their natural resources.
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Developing nations will also increase demands on natural resources as they build more factories.
QRSent-10242
{ "effect_prop": "demands on natural resources", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "factories" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "demands", "less_effect_prop": "demands", "less_cause_dir": "demands" }
QRQA-10177-4-flip
A hydrocarbon with more carbon atoms will have _____ isomers.
{ "text": [ "fewer", "many" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the greater the number of isomers.
QRSent-10177
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "many", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10285-2-flip
Reid notices no change in the weather and temperature from 100 years ago. This likely was caused by _____ greenhouse gas levels.
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As greenhouse gases increase, changes will be more extreme.
QRSent-10285
{ "effect_prop": "changes", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gases" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "notices no change", "less_cause_prop": "greenhouse gas levels", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "weather and temperature from 100 years ago", "less_cause_dir": "weather and temperature from 100 years ago" }
QRQA-10222-5-flip
When we dig up rocks the shallower we stay the rocks get
{ "text": [ "older", "younger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older rocks are at the bottom and younger rocks are at the top.
QRSent-10222
{ "effect_prop": "age", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "bottom", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_cause_dir": "rocks" }
QRQA-10316-4
Ray analyzed the color of moths for a project. He notices that white moths produce more adult offspring than black ones. The white moth's traits will likely become _____ common over time.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time.
QRSent-10316
{ "effect_prop": "traits common over time", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "produce offspring" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "white moth's traits", "less_effect_prop": "white moth's traits", "less_cause_dir": "white moth's traits" }
QRQA-10404-3
Terry cuts the trees down in the forest. The air is now _____ dry.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With fewer trees, the air is drier and droughts are more common.
QRSent-10404
{ "effect_prop": "drier air", "cause_dir_str": "fewer", "effect_dir_str": "drier", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "trees" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "forest trees", "more_effect_prop": "dry air", "less_effect_prop": "dry air", "less_cause_dir": "dry air" }
QRQA-10116-2
Mona is measuring electrons and their energy levels for a school science project. Some electrons are closer to the nucleus compared to others. Do closer electrons or electrons that are further away have greater energy?
{ "text": [ "closer", "further away" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Electrons at lower energy levels, which are closer to the nucleus, have less energy.
QRSent-10116
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "closer to the nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "nucleus", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10328-5
When something gets very hot does it move
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. They are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater force.
QRSent-10328
{ "effect_prop": "faster", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "move", "less_effect_prop": "move", "less_cause_dir": "move" }
QRQA-10349-4
If Milo is holding two oranges 5 feet apart and he moves them so they are 2 feet apart, what happens to the gravitational pull between the objects?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer objects are, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10349
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational pull between them", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "oranges", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational pull" }
QRQA-10033-1
If a person should descend from the thermosphere to the ground, would the air temperature
{ "text": [ "increase or", "decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the thermosphere, temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10033
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "thermosphere", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10305-3
John was looking at some chemicals in the chemistry lab. He saw that the higher the ph value was, the base became
{ "text": [ "Larger", "Smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the pH value is, the stronger the base.
QRSent-10305
{ "effect_prop": "base", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ph value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Larger", "less_effect_dir": "Smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "the base", "less_effect_prop": "the base", "less_cause_dir": "the base" }
QRQA-10211-2-flip
Barry is connecting new wires to his speakers. His new wires are thicker than the old ones, therefore, he should expect that the electrical current will display _____ resistance than his older, thinner ones.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The thinner the wire, the more resistance it offers.
QRSent-10211
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wire" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wires", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10232-5-flip
Louis notices that Neptune is farther from the sun than Mercury. Which planet will take a shorter time to rotate around the sun?
{ "text": [ "Mercury", "Neptune" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The planets further from the Sun will have bigger orbits, and therefore take longer to revolve around the Sun.
QRSent-10232
{ "effect_prop": "time for revolution", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from the sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "take a shorter time", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "rotate around the sun", "less_cause_dir": "rotate around the sun" }
QRQA-10064-2
DJ has a solution that he adds particles to. The solution is now a _____ concentration.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher concentrations, particles of reactants are crowded closer together, so they are more likely to collide and react.
QRSent-10064
{ "effect_prop": "particles crowded closer together", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentrations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "adds", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "concentration", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10378-3
What happens to water when it absorbs salt?
{ "text": [ "lower density", "Higher Density" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water becomes more dense when it is colder and when it has more salt.
QRSent-10378
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "more salt", "effect_dir_str": "more dense", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "salt" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "density", "less_effect_prop": "density", "less_cause_dir": "density" }
QRQA-10341-2-flip
If Milo's engine is running hot, how will draining the oil affect friction?
{ "text": [ "increase", "reduce" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
To reduce friction, oil is added to the engine.
QRSent-10341
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "added", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "oil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "reduce", "less_cause_prop": "oil", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10382-1
At the beach, Sean noticed that the wind was picking up, and got out of the water to avoid the waves that were
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The faster, longer, and farther the wind blows, the bigger the waves are.
QRSent-10382
{ "effect_prop": "waves are", "cause_dir_str": "faster, longer, and farther", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind blows" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10380-4-flip
If Jim stop exercising his muscles, would the strength of them
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Exercising muscles increases their size, and bigger muscles have greater strength.
QRSent-10380
{ "effect_prop": "strength", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Exercising muscles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase strength", "less_effect_dir": "decrease strength", "less_cause_prop": "Jim", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10156-3
Derek's dad was now at a greater risk of getting a cardiovascular disease, even though nothing about his lifestyle or diet changed. The thing that did change is that his dad is now a
{ "text": [ "larger age", "smaller age" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The older a person is, the greater their chance of developing a cardiovascular disease.
QRSent-10156
{ "effect_prop": "chance of cardiovascular diseasse", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "age", "more_effect_prop": "risk of getting a cardiovascular disease", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10016-5
When you put your finger over the tip of a hose the rate of flow
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
We also saw that adding resistors to a series circuit increases the total resistance of the circuit, causing the current to decrease.
QRSent-10016
{ "effect_prop": "current", "cause_dir_str": "adding", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rate of flow", "less_effect_prop": "rate of flow", "less_cause_dir": "rate of flow" }
QRQA-10069-2-flip
If a surface were to be scratched up, it should encounter _____ friction.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Rougher surfaces have more friction between them than smoother surfaces.
QRSent-10069
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "rougher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "roughness of a surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10133-2-flip
Dana draws a few field lines on the chart. The field she is representing is likely
{ "text": [ "strong", "weak" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more field lines that are drawn, the stronger the field.
QRSent-10133
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the field", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "field lines drawn" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strong", "less_effect_dir": "weak", "less_cause_prop": "field lines", "more_effect_prop": "field", "less_effect_prop": "field", "less_cause_dir": "field" }
QRQA-10068-4
When everyone in a country can afford a car do they use more or less energy?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
People in the richer nations of the world use far more energy, especially energy from fossil fuels, than people in the poorer nations do.
QRSent-10068
{ "effect_prop": "energy used", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wealth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "use more", "less_effect_dir": "use less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10177-3-flip
If Jim is comparing hydrocarbons and he finds one that has less carbon atoms, the number of isomers that hydrocarbon contains is
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the greater the number of isomers.
QRSent-10177
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "number of isomers", "less_effect_prop": "number of isomers", "less_cause_dir": "number of isomers" }
QRQA-10064-4-flip
Mike is watching how particles of reactants function, and sees that they are very far apart. Considering that the concentration of them is very low, the chance of them colliding together is
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher concentrations, particles of reactants are crowded closer together, so they are more likely to collide and react.
QRSent-10064
{ "effect_prop": "chance of collision", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentrations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "chance of colliding", "less_effect_prop": "chance of colliding", "less_cause_dir": "chance of colliding" }
QRQA-10177-1-flip
Compared to a hydrocarbon with 10 carbon atoms, would a hydrocarbon with a single carbon atom have
{ "text": [ "a greater number of isomers", "fewer isomers?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the greater the number of isomers.
QRSent-10177
{ "effect_prop": "number of isomers in the hydrocarbon", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater number", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atom", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10247-3
Mona is a puppy. As she grows older and her bones get bigger, what happens to her ability to take care of herself?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As animals grow their bones get longer and bigger, they grow more hair, and are able to take care of themselves by getting food, shelter, and water.
QRSent-10247
{ "effect_prop": "able to take care of themselves", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "bones get longer" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "ability to take care of herself", "less_effect_prop": "ability to take care of herself", "less_cause_dir": "ability to take care of herself" }
QRQA-10190-2
Will drops a ball from 100 feet at the same time that Tony drops a ball from 50 feet. Whose ball has more potential energy?
{ "text": [ "Will's", "Tony's" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
So the higher an object is above a surface, the more potential energy it has.
QRSent-10190
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy it has", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher the object is above a surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "ball", "more_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10224-3
In modern times, there is better medicine. This means there is a _____ death rate.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More recently, the death rate has fallen because of the availability of more food and medical advances.
QRSent-10224
{ "effect_prop": "death rate", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "fallen", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "medical advances" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_cause_dir": "death rate" }
QRQA-10153-2
The reason that the sun has so much energy is because of it has a
{ "text": [ "high temperature", "low temperature" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster.
QRSent-10153
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "much", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10255-1
If Milo adds mass to an object, what will happen to the force of gravity that object generates?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity.
QRSent-10255
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravity" }
QRQA-10051-4
If there are less crests coming through, there will be _____ wave frequency.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests or compressions that pass the point in 1 second or other time period. The higher the number is, the greater is the frequency of the wave.
QRSent-10051
{ "effect_prop": "wave frequency", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed of crests" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "crests coming", "more_effect_prop": "wave frequency", "less_effect_prop": "wave frequency", "less_cause_dir": "wave frequency" }
QRQA-10270-1
Compared to a marble, would the planet Earth have
{ "text": [ "greater inertia", "less inertia?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects with greater mass have greater inertia.
QRSent-10270
{ "effect_prop": "inertia of an object", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of an object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_effect_prop": "intertia", "less_cause_dir": "intertia" }
QRQA-10176-1
If Mona is generating microwaves while defrosting her meat and she increases the frequency of them, what happens to the amount of energy she is generating?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Higher-frequency waves have more energy.
QRSent-10176
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher-frequency", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Higher-frequency waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10018-1
Drake goes to the gym every day and works out. The more time that Drake spends exercising, his muscles will be
{ "text": [ "smaller", "bigger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Anaerobic exercises cause muscles to get bigger and stronger.
QRSent-10018
{ "effect_prop": "muscle", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "bigger and stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10041-4-flip
A wave with a shorter wavelength will have a _____ frequency
{ "text": [ "longer", "shorter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through space, a wave with a shorter wavelength must have a higher frequency, and vice versa.
QRSent-10041
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelength size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "longer", "less_effect_dir": "shorter", "less_cause_prop": "wavelength", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10362-3-flip
Will's pupils grew smaller as the day grew brighter. This happens to let _____ light in.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10362
{ "effect_prop": "light in", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pupil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "smaller", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10200-3
Joe drives a hybrid while Jim drives a large truck. Who uses less energy when driving?
{ "text": [ "Joe", "Jim" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lighter, more streamlined vehicles need less energy.
QRSent-10200
{ "effect_prop": "need energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "streamlined vehicles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "truck", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10035-3
Milo was playing around with water by changing the pH level. If he lowered the pH what would happen to the acidity of the solution?
{ "text": [ "it would decrease", "it would increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Acids have pH values below 7. The lower the pH value, the more strongly acidic the substance.
QRSent-10035
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "pH", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10313-4-flip
Eric adds gas to a 20ml container and Rita adds gas to a 10ml container. Which container holds less gas particles?
{ "text": [ "Rita", "Eric" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In the larger container we will still have the same number of gas particles, but now they are filling a much larger space.
QRSent-10313
{ "effect_prop": "number of gas particles", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "container" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "container", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_cause_dir": "gas particles" }
QRQA-10146-2
If Milo is making a circuit and he adds more resistors to it, will the strength of the current
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As more resistors are added in parallel, the total current strength increases.
QRSent-10146
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "strength", "less_effect_prop": "strength", "less_cause_dir": "strength" }
QRQA-10118-1
Would it require less strength for a construction worker to move a heavy load of bricks with a pulley that used
{ "text": [ "1 rope segment?", "10 rope segments" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more rope segments on a pully that are helping to do the lifting work, the less force that is needed for the job.
QRSent-10118
{ "effect_prop": "force required to move an object with a pulley", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "number of rope segments" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "rope segments", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "strength", "less_cause_dir": "strength" }
QRQA-10365-2-flip
If Mona is performing a science experiment involving chemicals and she decreases the temperature in her lab, what will happen to the amount of chemical weathering she experiences?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Chemical weathering increases as: Temperature increases: Chemical reactions proceed more rapidly at higher temperatures.
QRSent-10365
{ "effect_prop": "Chemical weathering", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "chemical weathering", "less_effect_prop": "chemical weathering", "less_cause_dir": "chemical weathering" }
QRQA-10247-4-flip
A kitten and her mother were lying on the floor. Because the kitten was younger and had undergone less growth, as compared to her mother she would have
{ "text": [ "more hair", "less hair)." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As animals grow their bones get longer and bigger, they grow more hair, and are able to take care of themselves by getting food, shelter, and water.
QRSent-10247
{ "effect_prop": "hair", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "grow" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "kitten", "more_effect_prop": "hair", "less_effect_prop": "hair", "less_cause_dir": "hair" }
QRQA-10125-4
Eric went outside in the summer. He is _____ likely to give off heat than if it was winter.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
On a hot day, an endotherm may give off more heat by increasing blood flow to the surface of the body.
QRSent-10125
{ "effect_prop": "endotherm heat", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hot day" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "heat", "less_effect_prop": "heat", "less_cause_dir": "heat" }
QRQA-10110-2
When you have air pressures change a lot what happens to the wind?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Differences in air pressure over the surface of the Earth result in wind. The greater the differences in air pressures, the stronger the wind.
QRSent-10110
{ "effect_prop": "wind", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air pressure difference" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "wind", "less_effect_prop": "wind", "less_cause_dir": "wind" }
QRQA-10300-3
Molly was viewing electromagnetic waves and noticed a wave with a wavelength of 20nm and another with 10nm. Which likely has more energy?
{ "text": [ "the 20nm wave", "the 10nm wave" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies and more energy.
QRSent-10300
{ "effect_prop": "higher frequencies and more energy.", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "electromagnetic wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "electromagnetic waves", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10162-2
Milo loves to dive deep into the ocean. Does he experience more pressure diving at 10 meters or at 100 meters?
{ "text": [ "10 meters", "100 meters" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A fluid exerts pressure in all directions, but the pressure is greater at greater depth.
QRSent-10162
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "meters", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10300-4-flip
If Mona is manipulating the wavelengths of her microwave, what happens when she makes the wavelengths longer?
{ "text": [ "energy decreases", "energy increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies and more energy.
QRSent-10300
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "shorter wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "wavelengths", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10265-2
A very efficient pair of solar panels will produce
{ "text": [ "little energy", "a lot of energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more efficient a device is, the greater the percentage of usable energy it produces.
QRSent-10265
{ "effect_prop": "energy produced", "cause_dir_str": "more efficient", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "efficiency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "a lot", "less_effect_dir": "little", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10102-5-flip
Jimmy found a fossil on the beach. He compared it to a fossil in the museum that was much older. Which fossil resembles modern organisms the least?
{ "text": [ "beach fossil", "museum fossil" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In general, fossils in older rocks are less similar to modern organisms.
QRSent-10102
{ "effect_prop": "similar to modern organisms", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "fossils in older rocks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "resembles least", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "older", "less_cause_dir": "older" }
QRQA-10264-3
Boris was tasked with developing a hypersonic rocket. He built two prototypes that were identical except that they have different gas velocities out of the nozzle. Which rocket was likely the fastest?
{ "text": [ "the rocket with highest gas velocity", "the rocket with lowest gas velocity" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The rocket goes upwards because the hot gases shoot downwards out of the nozzle. The faster the gases go downwards, the faster the rocket goes upwards.
QRSent-10264
{ "effect_prop": "rocket velocity", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gas velocity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "fastest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "gas velocity", "more_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10046-4-flip
Annette took temperature readings of two different stars far off in the Milky Way galaxy. Star B produced half the energy of Star A, so _____ was seen to have the higher temperature.
{ "text": [ "Star A", "Star B" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bigger stars produce more energy, so their surfaces are hotter.
QRSent-10046
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "hotter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10211-1-flip
Which wire likely has the lowest amount of resistance?
{ "text": [ "a bridge suspension cable", "a paper clip" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The thinner the wire, the more resistance it offers.
QRSent-10211
{ "effect_prop": "Offered resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Wire thickness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lowest", "less_cause_prop": "thickness", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10256-1-flip
Sarah ate a salad for dinner, Sarah's levels of toxic metals have
{ "text": [ "decreased.", "increased or" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher up a food chain that humans eat, the greater the levels of toxic metals they take in.
QRSent-10256
{ "effect_prop": "toxic metals ingested", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "animals eaten" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "salad", "more_effect_prop": "toxic metals", "less_effect_prop": "toxic metals", "less_cause_dir": "toxic metals" }
QRQA-10286-2-flip
When we have a few blocks we can make
{ "text": [ "many arrangements", "few arrangements" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A: The more carbon atoms there are, the greater the number of possible arrangements of carbon atoms.
QRSent-10286
{ "effect_prop": "possible arrangements", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "many", "less_effect_dir": "few", "less_cause_prop": "blocks", "more_effect_prop": "arrangements", "less_effect_prop": "arrangements", "less_cause_dir": "arrangements" }
QRQA-10068-1
Mike lives in the USA while Mosha lives in Nigeria; which likely uses more energy on a daily basis?
{ "text": [ "Mike", "Mosha" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
People in the richer nations of the world use far more energy, especially energy from fossil fuels, than people in the poorer nations do.
QRSent-10068
{ "effect_prop": "energy consumption", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wealth of country" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "uses more energy", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "on a daily basis", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10121-2
If Mona is creating a membrane to filter out some dirty water and she creates more folds in the membrane, what happens to the total surface area of that membrane?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The folds present in the membrane increase the surface area allowing more ribosomes to be present on the ER, thereby allowing greater protein production.
QRSent-10121
{ "effect_prop": "surface area", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "folds present in the membrane" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "total surface area", "less_effect_prop": "total surface area", "less_cause_dir": "total surface area" }
QRQA-10388-1-flip
Gina has longer fingernails than John. Who has less cells on their nails?
{ "text": [ "John", "Gina" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the nail grows, more cells are added at the nail bed.
QRSent-10388
{ "effect_prop": "cells", "cause_dir_str": "grows", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "nail" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "cells", "less_cause_dir": "cells" }
QRQA-10290-3-flip
When light travels slower, the light refracting bends
{ "text": [ "more", "less." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In refraction of light, the greater the change in speed, the more light bends.
QRSent-10290
{ "effect_prop": "light bending", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "light travels", "more_effect_prop": "light refracting bends", "less_effect_prop": "light refracting bends", "less_cause_dir": "light refracting bends" }
QRQA-10284-3
If Milo is exploring underground and he goes deeper into the Earth, does he feel more or less pressure?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the rocks move deeper into the Earth, temperature and pressure increase.
QRSent-10284
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper into the Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10176-3-flip
Andy is noticing that all of the waves in the area are lower-frequency waves. Andy can then deduce that these waves have energy that is
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Higher-frequency waves have more energy.
QRSent-10176
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher-frequency", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10283-1-flip
A person takes a deep breath and wants to know if the air outside their lungs is stronger than the air outside. The air outside the body, compared to the air in their chest, when they have a large chest, will be
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
During inhalation, because the chest volume is larger, the air pressure inside the lungs is lower than the air pressure outside.
QRSent-10283
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure inside", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "chest volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "lower", "less_effect_dir": "higher", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }
QRQA-10321-1-flip
Will lives in England and Tony lives in Ethiopia. Whose country likely produces less hazardous waste?
{ "text": [ "Tony", "Will" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Countries with more industry produce more hazardous wastes than those with little industry.
QRSent-10321
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous waste production", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry in a country" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "country", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_cause_dir": "hazardous waste" }
QRQA-10122-2-flip
If there are very few wolves the deer population will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An increase in predators, the emergence of a new disease, or the loss of habitat are just three possible problems that will decrease a population.
QRSent-10122
{ "effect_prop": "population", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "predators" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "wolves", "more_effect_prop": "population", "less_effect_prop": "population", "less_cause_dir": "population" }
QRQA-10387-4-flip
Rich works out every day. Paul does not work out at all. Whose heart expels less blood per contraction, resulting in lower BPM?
{ "text": [ "Rich", "Paul" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When a person exercises regularly, and is fit, the heart undergoes certain long-term adaptations. The heart muscle gets stronger, and expels more blood with each contraction.
QRSent-10387
{ "effect_prop": "expels more blood with each contraction", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stronger heart muscle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "blood expels", "less_cause_dir": "blood expels" }
QRQA-10033-1-flip
If a person should ascend into the thermosphere from the ground, would the air temperature
{ "text": [ "increase or", "decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In the thermosphere, temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10033
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10005-4-flip
John was looking at the materials being manipulated. He saw that the more it was compressed the force
{ "text": [ "Increased", "Decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The elastic force increases the more the material is stretched or compressed.
QRSent-10005
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "compression" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Increased", "less_effect_dir": "Decreased", "less_cause_prop": "compressed", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10194-2-flip
Christy is in lab measuring the pH values of some substances. The first substance she measures has a pH value of 9. The second substance has a pH value of 8. Compared to the first, the second substance can be said to be _____ basic.
{ "text": [ "less.", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bases have pH values above 7. The higher the pH value, the more strongly basic the substance.
QRSent-10194
{ "effect_prop": "basic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH values" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "pH", "more_effect_prop": "basic", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10132-2
Two friends are headed to the beach, Mike and John. Mike is white, and John is black. Both want to make the same amount of vitamin D through sun exposure. The person who will take longer to make the amount of vitamin D is
{ "text": [ "Mike", "John" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Pigments in the skin act like a filter that can prevent the skin from making vitamin D. As a result, people with darker skin need more time in the sun than people with lighter skin to make the same amount of vitamin D.
QRSent-10132
{ "effect_prop": "time in the sun to make vitamin D", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "dark skin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "longer", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "skin", "more_effect_prop": "time", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10109-1
Would a diesel powered submarine release more pollution if it were running on
{ "text": [ "its diesel engine", "its battery backup power?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Plug-in hybrids run for a longer time on electricity and so are less polluting than regular hybrids.
QRSent-10109
{ "effect_prop": "emission of pollution", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "time running on battery power" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "battery backup power", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10173-4-flip
When you use a 1 horsepower drill instead of a 2 horsepower drill it is
{ "text": [ "more powerful", "less powerful" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Compared with a less powerful device, a more powerful device can either do more work in the same time or do the same work in less time.
QRSent-10173
{ "effect_prop": "work", "cause_dir_str": "more powerful", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "power" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "horsepower", "more_effect_prop": "powerful", "less_effect_prop": "powerful", "less_cause_dir": "powerful" }
QRQA-10205-4
Sarah is looking at layers of rock on a cliff face. She can see that the rock at the very top of the cliff are
{ "text": [ "older", "younger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The upper rock layers are much younger.
QRSent-10205
{ "effect_prop": "younger", "cause_dir_str": "upper", "effect_dir_str": "younger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "upper" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rock", "less_effect_prop": "rock", "less_cause_dir": "rock" }
QRQA-10193-2-flip
Bigger waves have _____ energy than smaller ones.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bigger waves have more energy.
QRSent-10193
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10295-5
If an object loses its charge, it will _____ electrostatic force.
{ "text": [ "lose", "gain" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more charged the objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force between them.
QRSent-10295
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "charged the objects are" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "gain", "less_effect_dir": "lose", "less_cause_prop": "charge", "more_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10123-2
When there is less fluid in a tube the pressure in the tube
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If blood volume in the body decreases, blood pressure decreases.
QRSent-10123
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "fluid", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10043-5
Evan was drinking water with pH 7. He also had bleach in his house of pH 12. Which liquid is more basic?
{ "text": [ "water", "bleach" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer to pH 14, the more strongly basic the solution.
QRSent-10043
{ "effect_prop": "strongly basic the solution", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to pH 14" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "with pH 7", "more_effect_prop": "basic", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10193-2
Small waves have _____ energy than bigger ones.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bigger waves have more energy.
QRSent-10193
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10216-4-flip
Eric has a 4in diameter cable. Rita has a 1in diameter cable. Electrons would likely move slower through
{ "text": [ "Eric's cable", "Rita's cable" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A thinner wire is more difficult for electrons to move through than a thicker wire.
QRSent-10216
{ "effect_prop": "difficult for electrons to move", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "thinner wire" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move slower", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "cable", "more_effect_prop": "electrons", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10076-2
A sound wave that has more frequency will have _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude.
QRSent-10076
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10136-5-flip
If Mona increases the temperature of her stove while cooking a roast, what happens to the amount of energy being used?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The temperature of matter increases with the added energy.
QRSent-10136
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "added", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of matter" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "temperature of her stove", "more_effect_prop": "amount of energy", "less_effect_prop": "amount of energy", "less_cause_dir": "amount of energy" }
QRQA-10090-4
Mary melts a 1 pound chocolate bar and 1 pound of chocolate chips in two pots. Which melts first?
{ "text": [ "bar", "chips" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
It would be hard to get a big chunk of chocolate to dissolve in your milk or hot water. Maybe you could make hot chocolate from some smaller pieces like chocolate chips, but it is much easier to add a powder to your milk. This is because the smaller the pieces are, the more surface area they have.
QRSent-10090
{ "effect_prop": "surface area", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pieces" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "first", "less_cause_prop": "bar", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "melts", "less_cause_dir": "melts" }
QRQA-10118-2-flip
Bob decreased the rope segments on his pully; this means he will need to use _____ force on it.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more rope segments on a pully that are helping to do the lifting work, the less force that is needed for the job.
QRSent-10118
{ "effect_prop": "force needed", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "rope segments on a pully" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "rope segments", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10131-5
When we add more cars to the road the pollution levels
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Greater use of oil and other fossil fuels causes more pollution.
QRSent-10131
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fossil fuel burning" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pollution levels", "less_effect_prop": "pollution levels", "less_cause_dir": "pollution levels" }