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{"Title": "A Long Observation of NGC 5548 by BeppoSAX: the High Energy Cut-off,\n Intrinsic Spectral Variability and a Truly Warm Absorber", "Authors": "F. Nicastro (1,2,3), L. Piro (1), A. De Rosa (1), M. Feroci (1), P.\n Grandi (1), F. Fiore (3), M. Elvis (2), F. Haardt (4), J. Kaastra (5), A.\n Malizia (6), L. Maraschi(7), G. Matt(8), G. C. Perola(8), P. O. Petrucci (7)\n ((1) IAS-CNR, Roma, Italy, (2) CfA, Cambridge, MA, USA, (3) Oss. Astr. di\n Roma, Monteporzio-Catone, Italy, (4) Uni. di Milano, Milano, Italy, (5) SRON,\n Utrecht, The Netherlands, (6) BeppoSAX-SDC, Rome, Italy, (7) Oss. Astr. di\n Brera, Milano, Italy, (8) Uni. degli Studi Roma-Tre, Roma, Italy)", "Abstract": " NGC 5548 was observed by BeppoSAX in a single long (8 day) observation from\n0.2 to 200 keV. We find (1) the spectral variation of the source is produced by\na change of the intrinsic power law slope; (2) a high energy cut-off at $E_c=\n115^{+39}_{-27}$ keV with a hint of change of $E_c$ with flux; (3) OVII and\nOVIII absorption K edges, and a possible blended OVII-OVIII K$\\alpha,\\beta$\nemission feature at $0.54^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ keV, inconsistent with a purely\nphotoionized gas in equilibrium. We propose that the temperature of the\nabsorbing and emitting gas is $\\sim 10^6$ K so that both collisional ionization\nand photoionization contribute.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001201"}
astro-ph/0001202
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{"Title": "Stellar-Dynamics of Young Star Clusters", "Authors": "Pavel Kroupa", "Abstract": " The stellar-dynamical evolution of bound star clusters during the first few\nMyr is dominated by binary-binary and binary-star interactions, the rapid\nsinking of the most massive stars to the centre of the clusters and mass loss\nfrom evolving stars. The consequences of these processes for the binary and\nstellar population in clusters, and for the star clusters as a whole, are\nstudied by following the evolution over 150 Myr of a library of compact cluster\nmodels containing up to 10^4 stars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001202"}
astro-ph/0001203
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{"Title": "Disc instability models for X-ray transients: evidence for evaporation\n and low alpha-viscosity ?", "Authors": "Kristen Menou, Jean-Marie Hameury, Jean-Pierre Lasota and Ramesh\n Narayan", "Abstract": " We construct time-dependent models of accretion discs around black holes and\nneutron stars. We investigate the effect of evaporating the disc inner regions\nduring quiescence on the predictions of the Disc Instability Model (DIM) for\nthese systems. We do not include irradiation of the disc in the models.\n Removing the inner, most unstable parts of the accretion disc increases the\npredicted recurrence times. However, DIMs with values of the viscosity\nparameter alpha_hot ~ 0.1 and alpha_cold ~ 0.02 (typical of applications of the\nDIM to standard dwarf nova outbursts) fail to reproduce the long recurrence\ntimes of SXTs (unless we resort to fine-tuning of the parameters) independent\nof the evaporation strength. We show that models with evaporation and a smaller\nvalue of alpha_cold (~ 0.005) do reproduce the long recurrence times and the\naccretion rates at the level of the Eddington rate observed in outburst. The\nlarge difference between the values of alpha_hot and alpha_cold, if confirmed\nwhen disc irradiation is included, suggests that several viscosity mechanisms\noperate in these accretion discs.\n For some choices of parameters our models predict reflares during the decline\nfrom outburst. They are a physical property of the model and result from a\nheating front forming in the wake of an initial cooling front and subsequent,\nmultiple front reflections. The reflares disappear in low-alpha models where\nfront reflection can not occur.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001203"}
astro-ph/0001204
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{"Title": "A large high-energy gamma-ray flare from the blazar 3C 273", "Authors": "W. Collmar, O. Reimer, K. Bennett, H. Bloemen, W. Hermsen, G.G.\n Lichti, J. Ryan, V. Schoenfelder, H. Steinle, O.R. Williams, M. Boettcher", "Abstract": " The Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) experiments EGRET and COMPTEL\nobserved the Virgo sky region continuously for 7 weeks between December 10,\n1996 and January 28, 1997. The prominent quasar 3C~273 was found to be the\nbrightest source in gamma-rays and was significantly detected by EGRET and\nCOMPTEL. The EGRET experiment observed a time-variable flux at energies above\n100 MeV, which reached in a 2-week flaring period (December 30, 1996 to January\n14, 1997) its highest flux level observed during the CGRO-era. COMPTEL,\nhowever, does not observe obvious time variability at energies below ~30 MeV\ncontemporaneous to EGRET. In particular, no flare was observed, indicating that\nthis outburst is solely a high-energy (>100 MeV) phenomenon. The energy\nspectrum between 3 MeV and 10 GeV is well represented by a simple power-law\nmodel. Below 3 MeV a spectral turnover is indicated. Performing spectral\nanalysis for different time periods, we found evidence for a spectral hardening\nduring the flaring period, which is consistent with the flare occurring mainly\nat the higher energies and with its absence at COMPTEL energies of a few MeV.\nThis may be interpreted as an indication that the emission in the EGRET energy\nrange is dominated by a different radiation mechanism than the MeV emission. We\nargue that the most likely mechanism for the high-energy flare is\ninverse-Compton scattering of reprocessed accretion-disk radiation.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001204"}
astro-ph/0001205
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{"Title": "Regular magnetic fields in the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 4449", "Authors": "K. T. Chyzy, R. Beck, S. Kohle, U. Klein and M. Urbanik", "Abstract": " We present a high-resolution VLA study of the total power and polarized radio\ncontinuum emission at 8.46 and 4.86 GHz of the irregular galaxy NGC 4449, known\nfor its weak rotation and non-systematic gas motions. We found strong\ngalaxy-scale regular magnetic fields, which is surprising because of a lack of\nordered rotation required for the dynamo action. The strength of the regular\nfield reaches 8 $\\mu$G and that of the total field 14 $\\mu$G, comparable to\nthat of the total magnetic field strength in radio-bright spirals. The magnetic\nvectors in NGC 4449 form radial ``fans'' in the central region and fragments of\na spiral pattern in the galaxy's outskirts. These structures are associated\nwith large regions of systematic Faraday rotation, implying genuine\ngalaxy-scale magnetic fields rather than random ones compressed and stretched\nby gas flows. The observed pattern of polarization B-vectors is similar to\ndynamo-type fields in normal spirals. Nonstandard, fast dynamo concepts are\nrequired to explain the observed field strengths, though it is unknown what\nkind of magnetic field geometry can be produced in slowly and chaotically\nrotating objects. The so far neglected role of magnetic fields for the dynamics\nand star formation in dwarf irregulars also needs to be revised.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001205"}
astro-ph/0001206
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{"Title": "Extended Gas in Seyfert Galaxies: Near-Infrared Observations of 15\n Active Nuclei", "Authors": "Claudia Winge (1), Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann (1), Martin J. Ward (2) and\n Andrew S. Wilson (3) ((1) IF-UFRGS, Brazil, (2) Univ. of Leicester, U.K., (3)\n Univ. of Maryland and STScI, U.S.A.)", "Abstract": " Results from an analysis of low resolution (R~250) near-IR long-slit spectra\ncovering simultaneously the I, J, H, and K bands, for a sample of 15 Seyfert\ngalaxies and the N5253 starburst nucleus, are presented. The Seyfert galaxies\nwere selected as presenting `linear' or cone-like high excitation emission line\nin the optical, most probably due to the collimation of the central source's\nradiation by a dusty molecular torus. Our goal was to look for signatures of\nthis torus, and to investigate the gaseous distribution, excitation and\nreddening. The IR emission lines are spatially extended in most cases, and we\nhave used the [FeII]/Pa(beta) ratio as a measure of the gaseous excitation in\nMrk573, N1386, and N7582. Values for this ratio between 1.5 and 6 are found,\nsuggesting excitation of [FeII] by X-rays or shock waves in some regions.\nNuclear Pa(beta) in N1365, and possibly nuclear Br(gama) in Mrk573, are broad.\n From analysis of the spatial distribution of the continuum (J-H) and (H-K)\ncolours derived from our spectra, we find redder colours for the nucleus than\nthe nearby bulge in most of the Seyfert 2s observed. Comparison with models\nincluding emission from dust and stars shows that hot (T~1000 K) dust emission\ndominates the nuclear continuum in N1365, N2110, N3281, N7582, and ESO362-G18.\nIn N1386, N5643, and N5728 the main contributor is the underlying stellar\npopulation, combined with some foreground reddening and/or cool dust emission.\nIn a few cases, the (J-H) colours on opposite sides of the nucleus differ by\n0.3-0.8 mag, an effect that we interpret as partly due to differences in the\nlocal stellar population, and possibly extinction gradients.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001206"}
astro-ph/0001207
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{"Title": "The redshift evolution of bias and baryonic matter distribution", "Authors": "P. Valageas, J. Silk, R. Schaeffer", "Abstract": " We study the distribution of baryonic and luminous matter within the\nframework of a hierarchical scenario. Using an analytical model for structure\nformation which has already been checked against observations for galaxies,\nLyman-$\\alpha$ clouds, clusters and reionization processes, we present its\npredictions for the bias of these objects. We describe its dependence on the\nluminosity (for galaxies or quasars) or the column density (for Lyman-$\\alpha$\nabsorbers) of the considered objects. We also study its redshift evolution,\nwhich can exhibit an intricate behaviour. These astrophysical objects do not\ntrace the dark matter density field, the Lyman-$\\alpha$ forest clouds being\nundercorrelated and the bright galaxies overcorrelated, while the intermediate\nclass of Lyman-limit systems is seen to sample the matter field quite well.\n We also present the distribution of baryonic matter over these various\nobjects. We show that light does not trace baryonic mass, since bright galaxies\nwhich contain most of the stars only form a small fraction of the mass\nassociated with virialized and cooled halos. We consider two cosmologies: a\ncritical density universe and an open universe. In both cases, our results\nagree with observations and show that hierarchical scenarios provide a good\nmodel for structure formation and can describe a wide range of objects which\nspans at least the seven orders of magnitude in mass for which data exist. More\ndetailed observations, in particular of the clustering evolution of galaxies,\nwill constrain the astrophysical models involved.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001207"}
astro-ph/0001208
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{"Title": "Structure of the solar core: Effect of asymmetry of peak profiles", "Authors": "S. Basu, S. Turck-Chieze, G. Berthomieu, A. S. Brun, T. Corbard, J.\n Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Provost, S. Thiery, A. H. Gabriel, P. Boumier", "Abstract": " Recent studies have established that peaks in solar oscillation power spectra\nare not Lorentzian in shape, but have a distinct asymmetry. Fitting a symmetric\nLorentzian profile to the peaks therefore produces a shift in frequency of the\nmodes. Accurate determination of low-frequency modes is essential to infer the\nstructure of the solar core by inversion of the mode frequencies. In this paper\nwe investigate how the changes in frequencies of low-degree modes obtained by\nfitting symmetric and asymmetric peak profiles change the inferred properties\nof the solar core. We use data obtained by the Global Oscillations at Low\nFrequencies (GOLF) project on board the SoHO spacecraft. Two different solar\nmodels and inversion procedures are used to invert the data to determine the\nsound speed in the solar core. We find that for a given set of modes no\nsignificant difference in the inferred sound-speed results from taking\nasymmetry into account when fitting the low-degree modes.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001208"}
astro-ph/0001209
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{"Title": "A ROSAT HRI survey of bright nearby galaxies", "Authors": "T.P. Roberts and R.S. Warwick (University of Leicester)", "Abstract": " We use the extensive public archive of ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI)\nobservations to carry out a statistical investigation of the X-ray properties\nof nearby galaxies. Specifically we focus on the sample of 486 bright (B_T <\n12.5) northern galaxies studied by Ho, Filippenko and Sargent (HFS) in the\ncontext of their exploration of the optical spectroscopic properties of nearby\ngalactic nuclei. Over 20% of HFS galaxies are encompassed in ROSAT HRI fields\nof reasonable (> 10ks) exposure. The X-ray sources detected within the optical\nextent of each galaxy are categorised as either nuclear or non-nuclear\ndepending on whether the source is positioned within or outside of a 25\narcsecond radius circle centred on the optical nucleus. A nuclear X-ray source\nis detected in over 70% of the galaxies harbouring either a Seyfert or LINER\nnucleus compared to a detection rate of only ~40% in less active systems. The\ncorrelation of the H alpha luminosity with nuclear X-ray luminosity previously\nobserved in QSOs and bright Seyfert 1 galaxies appears to extend down into the\nregime of ultra-low luminosity (L(x)~10^38 - 10^40 erg/s) active galactic\nnuclei (AGN). The inferred accretion rates for this sample of low-luminosity\nAGN are significantly sub-Eddington. In total 142 non-nuclear sources were\ndetected. In combination with published data for M31 this leads to a luminosity\ndistribution (normalised to an optical blue luminosity of L(B) = 10^10\nL(solar)) for the discrete X-ray source population in spiral galaxies of the\nform dN/dL38 = 1.0 +/- 0.2 L38^-1.8, where L38 is the X-ray luminosity in units\nof 10^38 erg/s. The implied L(x)/L(B) ratio is ~1.1 x 10^39 erg/s/(10^10\nL(solar)). The nature of the substantial number of ``super-luminous''\nnon-nuclear objects detected in the survey is discussed.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001209"}
astro-ph/0001210
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{"Title": "The stellar populations of early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster", "Authors": "Harald Kuntschner (University of Durham, UK)", "Abstract": " We have measured central line strengths for a magnitude-limited sample of\nearly-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster, comprising 11 elliptical (E) and 11\nlenticular (S0) galaxies, more luminous than MB=-17. When compared with\nsingle-burst stellar population models we find that the centres of Fornax\nellipticals follow a locus of fixed age and have metallicities varying roughly\nfrom half solar to two times solar. The centres of (lower luminosity)\nlenticular galaxies, however, exhibit a substantial spread to younger\nluminosity-weighted ages indicating a more extended star formation history.\nGalaxies with old stellar populations show tight scaling relations between\nmetal-line indices and the central velocity dispersion. Remarkably also the\nFe-lines are well correlated with sigma. Our detailed analysis of the stellar\npopulations suggests that these scaling relations are driven mostly by\nmetallicity. Galaxies with a young stellar component do generally deviate from\nthe main relation. In particular the lower luminosity S0s show a large spread.\nFurthermore we find that elliptical galaxies and the bulge of one bright S0 are\noverabundant in magnesium, where the most luminous galaxies show the strongest\noverabundances. The stellar populations of young and faint S0s are consistent\nwith solar abundance ratios or a weak Mg underabundance. (abriged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001210"}
astro-ph/0001211
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{"Title": "The 1996 outburst of GRO J1655-40: disc irradiation and enhanced mass\n transfer", "Authors": "A.A. Esin (Caltech), J.-P. Lasota (IAP) and R.I. Hynes (Southampton)", "Abstract": " We show that the 1996 outburst of the X-ray binary transient system GRO\nJ1655-40 can be explained by the standard dwarf-nova type disc instability,\nfollowed by an episode of enhanced mass transfer from the secondary if the mass\ntransfer rate in GRO J1655-40 is within a factor < 10 of the stability limit.\nWe argue that irradiation of the secondary during the onset of the outburst\ndriven by the thermal instability in the outer disc can increase the mass\ntransfer rate above the minimum value required for stable accretion. This will\nthen produce the period of near-constant X-ray emission seen in this system.\nThis scenario can also explain the observed anti-correlation between the\noptical and X-ray fluxes. It is generally accepted that optical emission in\nlow-mass X-ray binaries is produced by irradiation of the outer disc by X-rays.\nThere is also strong circumstantial evidence that in order for the outer disc\nto see the irradiating flux, it must be warped. Depending on the warp\npropagation mechanism, either a burst of mass from the secondary or viscous\ndecay are likely to decrease the degree of warping, thereby causing the\ndecrease in the observed optical flux while the X-ray flux remains constant or\neven increases, exactly as observed in GRO J1655-40. Finally, the decrease of\nthe disc warping and, therefore, irradiation will cause the disc to become\nunstable once again, terminating the outburst.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001211"}
astro-ph/0001212
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{"Title": "The triple degenerate star WD1704+481", "Authors": "P. F. L. Maxted (1), T. R. Marsh (1), C. K. J. Moran (1) and Z. Han\n (2) ((1) University of Southampton, (2) Yunnan Observatory, China)", "Abstract": " WD1704+481 is a visual binary in which both components are white dwarfs. We\npresent spectra of the H-alpha line of both stars which show that one component\n(WD1704+481.2 = Sanduleak B = GR 577) is a close binary with two white dwarf\ncomponents. Thus, WD1704+481 is the first known triple degenerate star. From\nradial velocity measurements of the close binary we find an orbital period of\n0.1448d, a mass ratio, q=Mbright/Mfaint of q=0.70+-0.03 and a difference in the\ngravitational redshifts of 11.5+-2.3km/s. The masses of the close pair of white\ndwarfs predicted by the mass ratio and gravitational redshift difference\ncombined with theoretical cooling curves are 0.39+-0.05 solar mass and\n0.56+-0.07 solar masses. WD1704+481 is therefore also likely to be the first\nexample of a double degenerate in which the less massive white dwarf is\ncomposed of helium and the other white dwarf is composed of carbon and oxygen.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001212"}
astro-ph/0001213
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{"Title": "Superconducting cosmic strings as gamma ray burst engines", "Authors": "V. Berezinsky, B. Hnatyk, and A. Vilenkin", "Abstract": " Cusps of superconducting strings can serve as GRB engines. A powerful beamed\npulse of electromagnetic radiation from a cusp produces a jet of accelerated\nparticles, whose propagation is terminated by the shock responsible for GRB. A\nsingle free parameter, the string scale of symmetry breaking $\\eta \\sim 10^{14}\nGeV$, together with reasonable assumptions about the magnitude of cosmic\nmagnetic fields and the fraction of volume that they occupy, explains the GRB\nrate, duration and fluence, as well as the observed ranges of these quantities.\nThe wiggles on the string can drive the short-time structures of GRB. This\nmodel predicts that GRBs are accompanied by strong bursts of gravitational\nradiation which should be detectable by LIGO, VIRGO and LISA detectors.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001213"}
astro-ph/0001214
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{"Title": "ISO Spectroscopy of Young Intermediate-Mass Stars in the BD+40 4124\n Group", "Authors": "M.E. van den Ancker, P.R. Wesselius and A.G.G.M. Tielens", "Abstract": " We present the results of ISO SWS and LWS grating scans towards the three\nbrightest members of the BD+40 4124 group in the infrared: BD+40 4124 (B2Ve),\nLkHalpha 224 (A7e) and the embedded source LkHalpha 225. Emission from the pure\nrotational lines of H_2, from ro-vibrational transitions of CO, from PAHs, from\nH I recombination lines and from the infrared fine structure lines of [Fe II],\n[Si II], [S I], [O I], [O III] and [C II] was detected. These emission lines\narise in the combination of a low-density (approx 10^2 cm^-3) H II region with\na clumpy PDR in the case of BD+40 4124. The lower transitions of the infrared H\nI lines observed in BD+40 4124 are optically thick; most likely they arise in\neither a dense wind or a circumstellar disk. This same region is also\nresponsible for the optical H I lines and the radio continuum emission. In the\nlines of sight towards LkHalpha 224 and LkHalpha 225, the observed emission\nlines arise in a non-dissociative shock produced by a slow (approx 20 km/s)\noutflow arising from LkHalpha 225. Toward LkHalpha 225 we also observe a\ndissociative shock, presumably located closer to the outflow source than the\nnon-dissociative shock. In the line of sight towards LkHalpha 225 we observed\nabsorption features due to solid water ice and amorphous silicates, and due to\ngas-phase H_2O, CO and CO_2. No solid CO_2 was detected towards LkHalpha 225,\nmaking this the first line of sight where the bulk of the CO_2 is in the\ngas-phase.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001214"}
astro-ph/0001215
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{"Title": "H_3^(2+) molecular ion in a strong magnetic field: a triangular\n configuration", "Authors": "J. C. Lopez V", "Abstract": " The bound state in the system of three protons and an electron (pppe) under a\nhomogeneous strong magnetic field where the protons are situated in the\nvertices of an equilateral triangle perpendicular to the magnetic field lines\nis found. It is shown that for magnetic fields B = 10^11 - 4.414x10^13 G the\npotential energy curves as a function of the internuclear distance R have an\nexplicit minimum. For all magnetic fields studied, the binding energy of the\ntriangular configuration is less than the binding energy of the linear parallel\nconfiguration (A. Turbiner et al. JETP Lett. 69, p. 844). In the contrary to\nthe linear case, the binding energy decreases with a magnetic field growth,\nwhile the equilibrium internuclear distance slowly increases.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001215"}
astro-ph/0001216
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{"Title": "A New Model for the Spiral Structure of the Galaxy. Superposition of\n 2+4-armed patterns", "Authors": "J.R.D.Lepine (Instituto Astronomico e Geofisico da USP, Brazil),\n Yu.N.Mishurov, S.Yu.Dedikov (Rostov State University, Russia)", "Abstract": " We investigate the possibility of describing the spiral pattern of the Milky\nWay in terms of a model of superposition 2- and 4-armed wave harmonics (the\nsimplest description, besides pure modes). Two complementary methods are used:\na study of stellar kinematics, and direct tracing of positions of spiral arms.\nIn the first method, the parameters of the galactic rotation curve and the free\nparameters of the spiral density waves were obtained from Cepheid kinematics,\nunder different assumptions. To turn visible the structure corresponding to\nthese models, we computed the evolution of an ensemble of N-particles,\nsimulating the ISM clouds, in the perturbed galactic gravitational field. In\nthe second method, we present a new analysis of the longitude-velocity (l-v)\ndiagram of the sample of galactic HII regions, converting positions of spiral\narms in the galactic plane into locii of these arms in the l-v diagram. Both\nmethods indicate that the ``self-sustained'' model, in which the 2-armed and\n4-armed mode have different pitch angles (6 arcdeg and 12 arcdeg, respectively)\nis a good description of the disk structure. An important conclusion is that\nthe Sun happens to be practically at the corotation circle. As an additional\nresult of our study, we propose an independent test for localization of the\ncorotation circle in a spiral galaxy: a gap in the radial distribution of\ninterstellar gas has to be observed in the corotation region.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001216"}
astro-ph/0001217
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{"Title": "Comparison of Star Formation Rate estimations from $H_{\\alpha}$, FIR and\n radio data", "Authors": "D. V. Bizyaev (Sternberg Astronomical Institute)", "Abstract": " We used three indicators of massive star formation: $H_{\\alpha}$, FIR and\nnon-thermal radio luminosities, to compare estimations of Star Formation Rate\n(SFR) for the sample of 34 spiral galaxies. To adjust SFR values, obtained from\ndifferent indicators, we considered the slope $\\alpha$ and/or upper mass limit\n$M_{up}$ of Initial Mass Function (IMF) as free parameters. The best agreement\nbetween these indicators reaches for $M_{up} \\approx 60 - 100 ~M_{\\odot}$ and\n$\\alpha \\approx -3.1 $ in the high mass end of IMF ($M > 10 ~M_{\\odot}$).\nParallel with SFR we also estimated FIR excess $X_{FIR}$ defined as a fraction\nof the observed FIR which is not related to young massive stars directly.\n$X_{FIR}$ is found to be well correlated with types of spiral galaxies and\ntheir colors (B-V): the redder a galaxy the higher is its FIR excess. We\nconclude that for any parameters of IMF the observed FIR flux of early type\nspiral galaxies needs the additional source of energy but the massive star\nradiation.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001217"}
astro-ph/0001218
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{"Title": "Gravitational waves from inspiralling compact binaries with magnetic\n dipole moments", "Authors": "Kunihito Ioka and Keisuke Taniguchi", "Abstract": " We investigate the effects of the magnetic dipole-dipole coupling and the\nelectromagnetic radiation on the frequency evolution of gravitational waves\nfrom inspiralling binary neutron stars with magnetic dipole moments. This study\nis motivated by the discovery of the superstrongly magnetized neutron stars,\ni.e., magnetar. We derive the contributions of the magnetic fields to the\naccumulated cycles in gravitational waves as $N_{mag} \\sim 6 \\times 10^{-3}\n(H/10^{16}{\\rm G})^{2}$, where $H$ denotes the strength of the polar magnetic\nfields of each neutron star in the binary system. It is found that the effects\nof the magnetic fields will be negligible for the detection and the parameter\nestimation of gravitational waves, if the upper limit for magnetic fields of\nneutron stars are less than $\\sim 10^{16}$G, which is the maximum magnetic\nfield observed in the soft gamma repeaters and the anomalous X-ray pulsars up\nto date. We also discuss the implications of electromagnetic radiation from the\ninspiralling binary neutron stars for the precursory X-ray emission prior to\nthe gamma ray burst observed by the Ginga satellite.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001218"}
astro-ph/0001219
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{"Title": "Disc galaxy evolution models in a hierarchical formation scenario:\n structure and dynamics", "Authors": "C. Firmani (1,2), V. Avila-Reese (1) ((1) Instituto de Astronomia,\n UNAM, Mexico (2) Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Italy)", "Abstract": " We predict the structure and dynamics of disc galaxies using galaxy evolution\nmodels within a hierarchical formation scenario The halo mass aggregation\nhistories, for a Lambda CDM model, were generated and used to calculate the\nvirialization of dark matter (DM) haloes. A diversity of halo density profiles\nwere obtained, the most typical one being close to the NFW profile. We modeled\nthe formation of discs in centrifugal equilibrium within the evolving DM haloes\nusing gas accretion rates proportional to the halo mass aggregation rates, and\nassuming detailed angular momentum conservation. We calculated the\ngravitational interactions between halo and disc, and the hydrodynamics, star\nformation, and evolution of the galaxy discs. We found that the slope and\nzero-point of the infrared Tully-Fisher relations (TFR) may be explained as a\ndirect consequence of the cosmological initial conditions. This relation is\nalmost independent of the assumed disc mass fraction. The rms scatter of the\nTFR originates mainly from the scatter in the DM halo structure and, to a minor\nextension, from the dispersion of the primordial spin parameter. The scatter\nobtained does not disagree with the observational estimates. Our models allow\nus to understand why the residuals of the TFR do not correlate significantly\nwith disc size or surface brightness (SB), and why low and high SB galaxies\nhave the same TFR. The correlations between gas fraction and SB, and between\nscale length and V_max agree with those observed. The discs present nearly\nexponential SB distributions. The shape of the rotation curves changes with the\nSB and is nearly flat for most cases. The rotation curve decompositions show a\ndominance of DM down to very small radii. The introduction of shallow cores in\nthe DM halo attenuates this difficulty.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001219"}
astro-ph/0001220
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{"Title": "Probing the Site for r-Process Nucleosyntheis with Abundances of Barium\n and Magnesium in Extremely Metal-Poor Stars", "Authors": "Takuji Tsujimoto, Toshikazu Shigeyama, Yuzuru Yoshii", "Abstract": " We suggest that if the astrophysical site for r-process nucleosynthesis in\nthe early Galaxy is confined to a narrow mass range of Type II supernova (SN\nII) progenitors, with a lower mass limit of Mms = 20 Msun, a unique feature in\nthe observed distribution of [Ba/Mg] vs.[Mg/H] for extremely metal-poor stars\ncan be adequately reproduced. We associate this feature, a bifurcation of the\nobserved elemental ratios into two branches in the Mg abundance interval -2.7 <\n[Mg/H] < -2.3, with two distinct processes. The first branch, which we call the\n``y''-branch, is associated with the production of Ba and Mg from individual\nmassive supernovae. We conclude that SNe II with Mms = 20 Msun are the dominant\nsource of r-process nucleosynthesis in the early Galaxy. An SN-induced chemical\nevolution model with this Mms-dependent Ba yield creates the y-branch,\nreflecting the different nucleosynthesis yields of [Ba/Mg] for each SN II with\nMms > 20 Msun. The second branch, which we call the ``i''-branch, is associated\nwith the elemental abundance ratios of stars which were formed in the dense\nshells of the interstellar medium swept up by SNe II with Mms < 20 Msun that do\nnot synthesize r-process elements, and applies to stars with observed Mg\nabundances in the range [Mg/H] < -2.7. The Ba abundances in these stars reflect\nthose of the interstellar gas at the (later) time of their formation. The\nexistence of a [Ba/Mg] i-branch strongly suggests that SNe II which are\nassociated with stars of progenitor mass Mms < 20 Msun are infertile sources\nfor the production of r-process elements. We predict the existence of this\ni-branch for other r-process elements, such as europium (Eu), to the extent\nthat their production site is in common with Ba.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001220"}
astro-ph/0001221
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{"Title": "Electromagnetic showers in a strong magnetic field", "Authors": "V. Anguelov and H. Vankov (INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria)", "Abstract": " We present the results concerning the main shower characteristics in a strong\nmagnetic field obtained through shower simulation. The processes of magnetic\nbremsstrahlung and pair production were taken into account for values of the\nparameter $\\chi \\gg 1$. We compare our simulation results with a recently\ndeveloped cascade theory in a strong magnetic field.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001221"}
astro-ph/0001222
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{"Title": "Rings in the Planetesimal Disk of Beta Pic", "Authors": "P. Kalas, J. Larwood, and B.A. Smith, and A. Schultz", "Abstract": " The nearby main sequence star Beta Pictoris is surrounded by an edge-on disk\nof dust produced by the collisional erosion of larger planetesimals. Here we\nreport the discovery of substructure within the northeast extension of the disk\nmidplane that may represent an asymmetric ring system around Beta Pic. We\npresent a dynamical model showing that a close stellar flyby with a quiescient\ndisk of planetesimals can create such rings, along with previously unexplained\ndisk asymmetries. Thus we infer that Beta Pic's planetesimal disk was highly\ndisrupted by a stellar encounter in the last hundred thousand years.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001222"}
astro-ph/0001223
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{"Title": "Deconvolving the Beam in Small Angular Scale CMB Experiments", "Authors": "J.V. Arnau and D. Saez", "Abstract": " This paper is concerned with experiments which measure CMB anisotropies on\nsmall angular scales. A certain coverage, a beam structure and a level of\nuncorrelated noise define each experiment. We focus our atention on the\nreversion of the beam average. In each experiment, we look for the best\npixelization for reversion, namely, for the pixelization that -after reversion-\nleads to good maps containing right spectra for the most wide range of angular\nscales. Squared pixels having different sizes \"smaller\" than the beam radius\nare considered. For a given size, the following question arises: How well can\nwe assign a temperature to each pixel? Various mathematical methods are used to\nshow that, in practice, this assignation -beam reversion or deconvolution- only\nleads to right spectra for pixel sizes greater than a certain lower limit close\nto the half of the beam radius. This limit is estimated for negligible and\nrelevant levels of noise and also for spherically symmetric and asymmetric\nbeams. After this general study, we focus our attention on two feasible\ndetectors (which have been proposed to be on board of PLANCK satellite). For\neach of them, we estimate the size of the most appropriate pixelization\ncompatible with beam reversion, difraction, observational strategy et cetera\nand, then, we answer the following question: Which is the part of the angular\npower spectrum which can be extracted from appropriately pixelized maps after\ndeconvolution?\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001223"}
astro-ph/0001224
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{"Title": "Error analysis for stellar population synthesis as an inverse problem", "Authors": "J. Moultaka, D. Pelat", "Abstract": " Stellar population synthesis can be approached as an inverse problem.\n The physical information is extracted from the observations through an\ninverse model.\n The process requires the transformation of the observational errors into\nmodel errors.\n A description is given for the error analysis to obtain objectively the\nerrors in the model. Finding a solution for overdetermined and under-determined\ncase was the purpose of two preceding papers. This new one completes the\nproblem of stellar populations synthesis by means of a data base, by providing\npractical formul\\ae defining the set of acceptable solutions. All solutions\nwithin this set are compatible, at a given confidence level, with the\nobservations.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001224"}
astro-ph/0001225
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{"Title": "Spectra of High Redshift Galaxies using a Cluster as a Gravitational\n Telescope", "Authors": "D. Mehlert (1), S. Seitz (2), R.P. Saglia (2), T.L. Hoffmann (2), I.\n Appenzeller (1), R. Bender (2), U, Hopp (2), R.-P. Kudritzki (2) A.W.A.\n Pauldrach (2) ((1) Landessternwarte Heidelberg, (2) Universitaetssternwarte\n Muenchen)", "Abstract": " Using the Focal Reducer Spectrograph (FORS) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT)\nduring the FORS commissioning time in December 1998 we took long slit spectra\nof the gravitational arc visible on images of the galaxy cluster 1E 0657 (z =\n0.296). This cluster is one of the hottest (massive) cluster known so far and\nhence perfectly acts as a gravitational telescope magnifying the flux of\nbackground sources up to a factor of 17. Here we present the spectra of the\ngravitational arc (z = 3.23) and 4 additional high redshift objects (z=2.35 to\n3.09), that also fall on the slit by chance coincidence. We briefly discuss the\nstellar contents of these galaxies and show first models of the observed\nspectra. Furthermore we point out the effectivity of using FORS in combination\nwith available gravitational telescopes.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001225"}
astro-ph/0001226
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{"Title": "Wind properties of Wolf-Rayet stars at low metallicity: Sk41 (SMC)", "Authors": "Paul A. Crowther (University College London)", "Abstract": " The stellar properties of Sk41 (AB4, WN5h), the only known single Wolf-Rayet\nstar in the SMC, are derived from ultraviolet (IUE), optical (AAT) and near-IR\n(NTT) spectroscopy. Contrary to expectations, the stellar properties of Sk41\nare typical of equivalent WN stars in the Galaxy and LMC, with T=42kK,\nlog(L/Lo)=5.7, v_inf=1300 km/s, Mdot/sqrt(f)=3x10^-5 Mo/yr and H/He=2 by\nnumber, where f is the volume filling factor. The stellar luminosity of Sk41 is\n50% below the minimum value predicted by single star evolutionary models at the\nmetallicity of the SMC.\n Emission line luminosities of HeII 4686A and CIV 5801-12A in SMC WR stars are\nnot systematically lower than their Galactic and LMC counterparts. From 43\nlate-type and 59 early-type WN stars, log L(HeII)=36.0 erg/s and 35.8 erg/s\nrespectively, while log L(CIV)=36.5 erg/s from 25 early-type WC stars. This new\ncalibration has application in deriving WR populations in young starburst\ngalaxies.\n Synthetic WN models are calculated with identical parameters except that\nmetal abundances are varied. Following the Smith et al. WN classification\nscheme, CNO equilibrium models reveal that earlier spectral types are predicted\nat lower metallicity, i.e. WN3--4 at 0.04 Z(solar) versus WN6 at 1.0 Z(solar).\nThis provides an explanation for the trend towards earlier WN spectral types at\nlow metallicity.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001226"}
astro-ph/0001227
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{"Title": "Irradiation of the secondary star in X-ray Nova Scorpii 1994 (=GRO\n J1655--40)", "Authors": "T. Shahbaz (Oxford), P. Groot (Amsterdam), S.N. Phillips (Oxford), J.\n Casares (IAC), P.A. Charles (Oxford), J. van Paradijs (Amsterdam)", "Abstract": " We have obtained intermediate resolution optical spectra of the black-hole\ncandidate Nova Sco 1994 in June 1996, when the source was in an X-ray/optical\nactive state (R~15.05). We measure the radial velocity curve of the secondary\nstar and obtain a semi-amplitude of 279+/-10 km/s; a value which is 30 per cent\nlarger than the value obtained when the source is in quiescence. Our large\nvalue for K_2 is consistent with 60 +9,-7 per cent of the secondary star's\nsurface being heated; compared to 35 per cent, which is what one would expect\nif only the inner face of the secondary star were irradiated. Effects such as\nirradiation-induced flows on the secondary star may be important in explaining\nthe observed large value for K_2.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001227"}
astro-ph/0001228
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{"Title": "Quantitative analysis of WC stars: Constraints on neon abundances from\n ISO/SWS spectroscopy", "Authors": "Luc Dessart (UCL), Paul A. Crowther (UCL), D. John Hillier\n (Pittsburgh) Allan J. Willis (UCL), Patrick W. Morris (Amsterdam), Karel A.\n van der Hucht (Utrecht)", "Abstract": " Neon abundances are derived in four Galactic WC stars -- gamma Vel (WR11,\nWC8+O7.5III), HD156385 (WR90, WC7), HD192103 (WR135, WC8), and WR146 (WC5+O8) -\nusing mid-infrared fine structure lines obtained with ISO/SWS. Stellar\nparameters for each star are derived using a non-LTE model atmospheric code\n(Hillier & Miller 1998) together with ultraviolet (IUE), optical (INT, AAT) and\ninfrared (UKIRT, ISO) spectroscopy. In the case of gamma Vel, we adopt results\nfrom De Marco et al. (2000), who followed an identical approach.\n ISO/SWS datasets reveal the [NeIII] 15.5um line in each of our targets, while\n[NeII] 12.8um, [SIV] 10.5um and [SIII] 18.7um are observed solely in gamma Vel.\nUsing a method updated from Barlow et al. (1988) to account for clumped winds,\nwe derive Ne/He=3-4x10^-3 by number, plus S/He=6x10^-5 for gamma Vel. Neon is\nhighly enriched, such that Ne/S in gamma Vel is eight times higher than cosmic\nvalues. However, observed Ne/He ratios are a factor of two times lower than\npredictions of current evolutionary models of massive stars. An imprecise\nmass-loss and distance were responsible for the much greater discrepancy in\nneon content identified by Barlow et al.\n Our sample of WC5--8 stars span a narrow range in T* (=55--71kK), with no\ntrend towards higher temperature at earlier spectral type, supporting earlier\nresults for a larger sample by Koesterke & Hamann (1995). Stellar luminosities\nrange from 100,000 to 500,000 Lo, while 10^-5.1 < Mdot/(Mo/yr) < 10^-4.5,\nadopting clumped winds, in which volume filling factors are 10%. In all cases,\nwind performance numbers are less than 10, significantly lower than recent\nestimates. Carbon abundances span 0.08 < C/He < 0.25 by number, while oxygen\nabundances remain poorly constrained.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001228"}
astro-ph/0001229
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{"Title": "Ages, Distances, and the Initial Mass Functions of Stellar Clusters", "Authors": "J. R. Stauffer (1), R. D. Jeffries (2), E. L. Martin (3), and D. M.\n Terndrup (4) ((1) Center for Astrophysics, (2) Department of Physics, Keele\n University, (3) Planetary Sciences Division, Caltech, (4) Department of\n Astronomy, Ohio State University)", "Abstract": " We provide a review of the current status of several topics on the ages,\ndistances, and mass functions of open clusters, with a particular emphasis on\nilluminating the areas of uncertainty. Hipparcos has obtained parallaxes for\nnearby open clusters that have expected accuracies much better than has been\npreviously achievable. By using the lithium depletion boundary method and\nisochrone fitting based on much improved new theoretical evolutionary models\nfor low mass stars, it is arguable that we will soon have have much better age\nscales for clusters and star-forming regions. With improved optical and near-IR\ncameras, we are just now beginning to extend the mass function of open clusters\nlike the Pleiades into the regime below the hydrogen burning mass limit.\nMeanwhile, observations in star-forming regions are in principle capable of\nidentifying objects down to of order 10 Jupiter masses.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001229"}
astro-ph/0001230
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{"Title": "7Li in Metal-Poor Stars: The Spread of the Li Plateau", "Authors": "Sean G. Ryan", "Abstract": " A highly homogeneous study of 23 halo field dwarf stars has achieved a Li\nabundance accuracy of 0.033 dex per star. The work shows that the intrinsic\nspread of the Li abundances of these stars at a given metallicity is <0.02 dex,\nand consistent with zero. That is, the Spite Li plateau for halo field dwarfs\nis incredibly thin. The thinness rules out depletion by more than 0.1 dex by a\nrotational-induced extra-mixing mechanism. Despite the thinness of the plateau,\nan increase of Li with [Fe/H] is seen, interpreted as evidence of Galactic\nchemical evolution (GCE) of Li, primarily due to Galactic cosmic ray (GCR)\nspallation reactions in the era of halo formation. The rate of Li evolution is\nconcordant with: (1) observations of spallative 6Li in halo dwarfs; (2) GCE\nmodels; and (3) data on Li in higher metallicity halo stars. New data have also\nrevealed four new ultra-Li-deficient halo dwarfs, doubling the number known.\nBased on their propensity to cluster at the halo main sequence turnoff and also\nto exist redward of the turnoff, we hypothesise that they are the products of\nbinary mergers that ultimately will become blue stragglers. We explain their\nlow Li abundances by normal pre-main-sequence (and possibly main-sequence)\ndestruction in the low mass stars prior to their merging. If this explanation\nis correct, then such stars need no longer be considered an embarrassment to\nthe existence of negligible Li destruction in the majority of field halo\ndwarfs.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001230"}
astro-ph/0001231
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{"Title": "A search for precursors of Ultracompact HII Regions in a sample of\n luminous IRAS sources. III: Circumstellar Dust Properties", "Authors": "Sergio Molinari, Jan Brand, Riccardo Cesaroni, Francesco Palla", "Abstract": " The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope has been used to obtain submillimeter and\nmillimeter continuum photometry of a sample of 30 IRAS sources previously\nstudied in molecular lines and centimeter radio continuum. All the sources have\nIRAS colours typical of very young stellar objects (YSOs) and are associated\nwith dense gas. In spite of their high luminosities (L>10000 solar units), only\nten of these sources are also associated with a radio counterpart. In 17 cases\nwe could identify a clear peak of millimeter emission associated with the IRAS\nsource, while in 9 sources the millimeter emission was extended or faint and a\nclear peak could not be identified; upper limits were found in 4 cases only.\n Using simple greybody fitting model to the observed SED, we derive global\nproperties of the circumstellar dust. The dust temperature varies from 24 K to\n45 K, while the exponent of the dust emissivity vs frequency power-law spans a\nrange 1.56<beta<2.38, characteristic of silicate dust; total circumstellar\nmasses range up to more than 500 solar masses.\n We find that for sources with comparable luminosities, the total column\ndensities derived from the dust masses do not distinguish between sources with\nand without radio counterpart. We interpret this result as an indication that\ndust does not play a dominant role in inhibiting the formation of the HII\nregion. We examine several scenarios for their origin in terms of newborn ZAMS\nstars and although most of these fail to explain the observations, we cannot\nexclude that these sources are young stars already on the ZAMS with modest\nresidual accretion that quenches the expansion of the HII region. Finally, we\nconsider the possibility that the IRAS sources are high-mass pre-ZAMS (or\npre-H-burning) objects deriving most of the emitted luminosity from accretion.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001231"}
astro-ph/0001232
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{"Title": "Morphology vs. physical properties: some comments and questions", "Authors": "Romano L.M. Corradi (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna,\n Tenerife, Spain)", "Abstract": " Some of the correlations between morphological and other physical properties\nof planetary nebulae (PNe) are reviewed. In particular, the finding that\nbipolar (b) PNe have more massive progenitors than the other morphological\nclasses is discussed in detail. Earlier results are confirmed; including all\nthe various sources of uncertainty, the Galactic distribution of objects\nindicate that b PNe are formed by stars with initial masses >1.3 solar masses,\nwhile elliptical (e) PNe by progenitors with masses <1.3 solar masses. Recent\nresults for the chemical abundances of b and e PNe and their orientation within\nthe Galaxy are also presented. Finally, the key role in the discussion of the\nformation of b PNe played by detached binary systems such as symbiotic stars is\nbriefly discussed.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001232"}
astro-ph/0001233
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{"Title": "Signatures for a Cosmic Flux of Magnetic Monopoles", "Authors": "Stuart D. Wick, Thomas W. Kephart, Thomas J. Weiler, and Peter L.\n Biermann", "Abstract": " Any early universe phase transition occurring after inflation has the\npotential to populate the universe with relic magnetic monopoles. Observations\nof galactic magnetic fields, as well as observations matched with models for\nextragalactic magnetic fields, lead to the conclusion that monopoles of mass\n$\\lsim 10^{15}$ GeV are accelerated in these fields to relativistic velocities.\nWe explore the possible signatures of a cosmic flux of relativistic monopoles\nimpinging on the earth. The electromagnetically-induced signatures of monopoles\nare reliable. The hadronically-induced signatures are highly model-dependent.\nAmong our findings are (i) the electromagnetic energy losses of monopoles\ncontinuously initiate a protracted shower of small intensity; (ii) monopoles\nmay traverse the earth's diameter, making them a probe of the earth's interior\nstructure; (iii) in addition to the direct monopole Cherenkov signal presently\nemployed, a very attractive search strategy for monopoles is detection of their\nradio-Cherenkov signal produced by the coherent charge-excess in the $e^+-e^-$\nshower - in fact, Cherenkov-detectors have the potential to discover a monopole\nflux (or limit it) several orders of magnitude below the theoretical Parker\nlimit of $10^{-15}/\\rm{cm}^2$/s/sr; (iv) it is conceivable (but not compelling)\nthat bound states of colored monopoles may be the primary particles initiating\nthe air showers observed above the GZK cutoff.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001233"}
astro-ph/0001234
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{"Title": "Symbiotic Miras can do it", "Authors": "R.L.M. Corradi (1), M. Livio (2), H.E. Schwarz (3) & U. Munari (4)\n ((1) Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Spain (2) Space Telescope Science\n Institute, USA (3) Nordic Optical Telescope, Spain (4) Osservatorio\n Astronomico di Padova, Italy)", "Abstract": " Symbiotic Miras give a nice practical demonstration of the formation of\nbipolar and highly aspherical nebulae as a consequence of interaction in\ndetached binaries. We believe that these binary systems are among the most\npromising candidates for the progenitors of bipolar planetary nebulae. We\npresent a list of the optically extended nebulae known to date around symbiotic\nMiras, and illustrate their properties using recent HST and ESO-NTT [NII]\nimages of He 2-104 and He 2-147.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001234"}
astro-ph/0001235
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{"Title": "Abundances in Very Metal-Poor Stars", "Authors": "Sean G. Ryan", "Abstract": " Metal-poor stars provide information on the characteristics and chemical\nevolution of the halo population of the Galaxy, the first epoch of star\nformation and Galaxy formation (not just locally but with relevance to\nhigh-redshift objects), and big bang nucleosynthesis. This review looks at\nrecent developments in this subject.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001235"}
astro-ph/0001236
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{"Title": "The Galaxy Distribution: Homogeneous, Fractal, or Neither", "Authors": "J. L. McCauley", "Abstract": " From the standpoint of theoretical physics we can treat Newtonian cosmology\nas a problem in nonlinear dynamics. The attempt to average the density, in\nsearch of a method of making contact between theory and observation, is\nreplaced by the more systematic idea of coarsegraining. I also explain in this\ncontext why two previous attempts at the construction of hierarchical models of\nthe universe are not useful in data analysis. The main ideas behind two older\ncompeting data analyses purporting to show evidence from galaxy statistics for\neither a homogeneous and isotropic universe in one case, and for a mono-fractal\nuniverse in the other, are presented and discussed. I also present the method\nand results of a newer data analysis that shows that visible matter provides no\nevidence that would allow us to claim that the cosmological principle holds, or\nthat the universe is fractal (or multifractal). In other words, observational\ndata provides us with no evidence that the universe is either homogeneous and\nisotropic, or monofractal.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001236"}
astro-ph/0001237
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{"Title": "A Novel Supernova Detector", "Authors": "David B. Cline", "Abstract": " We discuss the prospects for detecting nu_{mu,tau} and nu_{tau}neutrinos from\nType II supernovas using the novel detector at the Supernova Burst Observatory\n(SNBO) or OMNIS that is being designed for an underground laboratory in the\nUSA. This detector would collect ~2000 flavor selected events from a Galactic\nsupernova and could probe neutrino mass down to a few eV, as well as the\ndynamics of the supernova process. We believe this is essential to further our\nunderstanding of the neutrino section of elementary particle physics.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001237"}
astro-ph/0001238
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{"Title": "CCD photometry in the region of NGC 6994: the remains of an old open\n cluster", "Authors": "L. P. Bassino (1), S. Waldhausen (1), R. E. Martinez (1) ((1)\n Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina)", "Abstract": " We present the results of BV(RI)_KC CCD photometry down to V=21 mag in the\nregion of NGC 6994. To our knowledge, no photometry has previously been\nreported for this object and we find evidences that it is a poor and sparse old\nopen cluster, with a minimum angular diameter of 9 arcmin, i.e. larger than the\n3 arcmin originally assigned to it. We obtain a color excess E(B-V) = 0.07 +/-\n0.02 mag by means of the BVI_(C) technique. Based on the theoretical isochrones\nfrom VandenBergh (1985) that are in better agreement with our data, we estimate\nfor this cluster a distance from the Sun of 620 pc (Vo-Mv = 9 +/- 0.25 mag) and\nan age lying within the range of 2 - 3 Gyr, adopting solar metallicity. Thus,\nthe corresponding cluster's Galactocentric distance is 8.1 kpc and is placed at\nabout 350 pc below the Galactic plane. According to this results, NGC 6994\nbelongs to the old open cluster population located in the outer disk and at\nlarge distances from the Galactic plane, and must have suffered significant\nindividual dynamical evolution, resulting in mass segregation and evaporation\nof low mass stars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001238"}
astro-ph/0001239
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{"Title": "Modeling the X-ray - UV Correlations in NGC 7469", "Authors": "Andrew J. Berkley, Demosthenes Kazanas and Jonathan Ozik", "Abstract": " We model the correlated X-ray - UV observations of NGC 7469, for which well\nsampled data in both these bands have been obtained recently in a\nmultiwavelength monitoring campaign. To this end we derive the transfer\nfunction in wavelength \\ls and time lag \\t, for reprocessing hard (X-ray)\nphotons from a point source to softer ones (UV-optical) by an infinite plane\n(representing a cool, thin accretion disk) located at a given distance below\nthe X-ray source, under the assumption that the X-ray flux is absorbed and\nemitted locally by the disk as a black body of temperature appropriate to the\nincident flux. Using the observed X-ray light curve as input we have computed\nthe expected continuum UV emission as a function of time at several wavelengths\n(\\l \\l 1315 \\AA, \\l \\l 6962 \\AA, \\l \\l 15000 \\AA, \\l \\l 30000 \\AA) assuming\nthat the X-ray source is located one \\sc radius above the disk plane, with the\nmass of the black hole $M$ and the latitude angle $\\theta$ of the observer\nrelative to the disk plane as free parameters. We have searched the parameter\nspace of black hole masses and observer azimuthal angles but we were unable to\nreproduce UV light curves which would resemble, even remotely, those observed.\nWe also explored whether particular combinations of the values of these\nparameters could lead to light curves whose statistical properties (i.e. the\nautocorrelation and cross correlation functions) would match those\ncorresponding to the observed UV light curve at \\l \\l 1315 \\AA. Even though we\nconsidered black hole masses as large as $10^9$ M$_{\\odot}$ no such match was\npossible. Our results indicate that some of the fundamental assumptions of this\nmodel will have to be modified to obtain even approximate agreement between the\nobserved and model X-ray - UV light curves.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001239"}
astro-ph/0001240
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{"Title": "Probing The Gravity Induced Bias with Weak Lensing: Test of Analytical\n results Against Simulations", "Authors": "Dipak Munshi (MPA)", "Abstract": " Future weak lensing surveys will directly probe the density fluctuation in\nthe universe. Recent studies have shown how the statistics of the weak lensing\nconvergence field is related to the statistics of collapsed objects. Extending\nearlier analytical results on the probability distribution function of the\nconvergence field we show that the bias associated with the convergence field\ncan directly be related to the bias associated with the statistics of\nunderlying over-dense objects. This will provide us a direct method to study\nthe gravity induced bias in galaxy clustering. Based on our analytical results\nwhich use the hierarchical {\\em ansatz} for non-linear clustering, we study how\nsuch a bias depends on the smoothing angle and the source red-shift. We compare\nour analytical results against ray tracing experiments through N-body\nsimulations of four different realistic cosmological scenarios and found a very\ngood match. Our study shows that the bias in the convergence map strongly\ndepends on the background geometry and hence can help us in distinguishing\ndifferent cosmological models in addition to improving our understanding of the\ngravity induced bias in galaxy clustering.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001240"}
astro-ph/0001241
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{"Title": "Low Mass Density Wide Field Far-IR/Submillimeter Telescope Systems", "Authors": "Mark Dragovan", "Abstract": " Fundamentally new technology is described for constructing low areal mass\ndensity (1kg/m^2), high precision (< 10micron RMS) reflectors scalable to large\napertures (10 to 20 meters) for use as the primary element of a telescope\nsystem. A large reduction in mass is achieved by minimizing the mass of the\nreflective surface using a high reflectivity metallic membrane. A wide field\ndiffraction limited telescope system can be constructed using the primary\nreflector in conjunction with secondary and tertiary optics.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001241"}
astro-ph/0001242
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{"Title": "Models of the Time Variability of BHC: Light Curves, PSD, Lags", "Authors": "Demosthenes Kazanas", "Abstract": " We present a model for the aperiodic variablity of accreting Black Hole\nCandidates (BHC) along with model light curves. According to the model this\nvariability is the combined outcome of random (Poisson) injection of soft\nphotons near the center of an extended {\\sl inhomogeneous} distribution of hot\nelectrons (similar to those advocated by the ADAF or ADIOS flows) and the\nstochastic nature of Compton scattering which converts these soft photons into\nthe observed high energy radiation. Thus, the timing properties (PSD, lags,\ncoherence) of the BHC light curves reflect, to a large extent, the properties\nof the scattering medium (which in this approximation acts as a combination of\na {\\sl linear} amplifier/filter) and they can be used to probe its structure,\nmost notably the density profile of the scattering medium. The model accounts\nwell for the observed PSDs and lags and also the reduction in the RMS\nvariability and the increase in the characteristic PSD frequencies with\nincreasing source luminosity. The electron density profiles obtained to date\nare consistent mainly with those of ADIOS but also with pure ADAF flows.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001242"}
astro-ph/0001243
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{"Title": "A WIMP Detector with Two-Phase Liquid Xenon", "Authors": "David B. Cline", "Abstract": " We describe the liquid-xenon dark-matter detector program of the UCLA-Torino\nteam. A two-phase detector, ZEPLIN II, for the Boulby Mine is a good match for\nthe current search for WIMP dark matter.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001243"}
astro-ph/0001244
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{"Title": "New Models for X-Ray Synchrotron Radiation from the Remnant of Supernova\n 1006 AD", "Authors": "K.K. Dyer, S.P. Reynolds, K.J. Borkowski", "Abstract": " Galactic cosmic rays up to energies of around 10^15 eV are assumed to\noriginate in supernova remnants (SNRs). The shock wave of a young SNR like SN\n1006 AD can accelerate electrons to energies greater than 1 TeV, where they can\nproduce synchrotron radiation in the X-ray band. A new model (SRESC) designed\nto model synchrotron X-rays from Type Ia supernovae can constrain values for\nthe magnetic-field strength and electron scattering properties, with\nimplications for the acceleration of the unseen ions which dominate the\ncosmic-ray energetics. New observations by ASCA, ROSAT, and RXTE have provided\nenormously improved data, which now extend to higher X-ray energies. These data\nallow much firmer constraints. We will describe model fits to these new data on\nSN 1006 AD, emphasizing the physical constraints that can be placed on SNRs and\non the cosmic-ray acceleration process.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001244"}
astro-ph/0001245
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{"Title": "Probing the Neutron Star Interior with Glitches", "Authors": "Bennett Link (1,2), Richard I. Epstein (2) and James M. Lattimer (3)\n ((1) Montana State University, (2) Los Alamos National Laboratory, (3) State\n University of New York, Stony Brook)", "Abstract": " With the aim of constraining the structural properties of neutron stars and\nthe equation of state of dense matter, we study sudden spin-ups, glitches,\noccurring in the Vela pulsar and in six other pulsars. We present evidence that\nglitches represent a self-regulating instability for which the star prepares\nover a waiting time. The angular momentum requirements of glitches in Vela\nindicate that at least 1.4% of the star's moment of inertia drives these\nevents. If glitches originate in the liquid of the inner crust, Vela's\n`radiation radius' $R_\\infty$ must exceed ~12 km for a mass of 1.4 solar\nmasses. The isolated neutron star RX J18563-3754 is a promising candidate for a\ndefinitive radius measurement, and offers to further our understanding of dense\nmatter and the origin of glitches.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001245"}
astro-ph/0001246
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{"Title": "The Chandrasekhar limit for quark stars", "Authors": "Shibaji Banerjee, Sanjay K. Ghosh and Sibaji Raha", "Abstract": " The Chandrasekhar limit for quark stars is evaluated from simple energy\nbalance relations, as proposed by Landau for white dwarfs or neutron stars. It\nhas been found that the limit for quark stars depends on, in addition to the\nfundamental constants, the Bag constant.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001246"}
astro-ph/0001247
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{"Title": "Suppressing Linear Power on Dwarf Galaxy Halo Scales", "Authors": "Martin White and Rupert A.C. Croft", "Abstract": " Recently is has been suggested that the dearth of small halos around the\nMilky Way arises due to a modification of the primordial power spectrum of\nfluctuations from inflation. Such modifications would be expected to alter the\nformation of structure from bottom-up to top-down on scales near where the\nshort-scale power has been suppressed. Using cosmological simulations we study\nthe effects of such a modification of the initial power spectrum. While the\nhalo multiplicity function depends primarily on the linear theory power\nspectrum, most other probes of power are more sensitive to the non-linear power\nspectrum. Collapse of large-scale structures as they go non-linear regenerates\na ``tail'' in the power spectrum, masking small-scale modifications to the\nprimordial power spectrum except at very high-z. Even the small-scale\n(k>2h/Mpc) clustering of the Ly-alpha forest is affected by this process, so\nthat CDM models with sufficient power suppression to reduce the number of 10^10\nMsun halos by a factor of about 5 give similar Ly-alpha forest power spectrum\nresults. We conclude that other observations that depend more directly on the\nnumber density of collapsed objects, such as the number of damped Ly-alpha\nsystems, or the redshift of reionization may provide the most sensitive tests\nof these models.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001247"}
astro-ph/0001248
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{"Title": "The Observations of Type Ia Supernovae", "Authors": "Nicholas B. Suntzeff (Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory)", "Abstract": " The past ten years have seen a tremendous increase in the number of Type Ia\nsupernovae discovered and in the quality of the basic data presented. The\ncosmological results based on distances to Type Ia events have been\nspectacular, leading to statistically accurate values of the Hubble constant,\nOmega_M, and Omega_Lambda. However, in spite of the recent advances, a number\nof mysteries continue to remain in our understanding of these events. In this\nshort review, I will concentrate on unresolved problems and curious\ncorrelations in the data on Type Ia SNe, whose resolution may lead to a deeper\nunderstanding of the physical mechanism of the Type Ia supernova explosions.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001248"}
astro-ph/0001249
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{"Title": "A Unified Scaling Law in Spiral Galaxies", "Authors": "Jin Koda, Yoshiaki Sofue (IoA, U.Tokyo), Keiichi Wada (NAO, Japan)", "Abstract": " We investigate the origin of a unified scaling relation in spiral galaxies.\nObserved spiral galaxies are spread on a plane in the\nthree-dimensionallogarithmic space of luminosity L, radius R and rotation\nvelocity V. The plane is expressed as $L \\propto (V R)^{\\alpha}$ in I-passband,\nwhere $\\alpha$ is a constant. On the plane, observed galaxies are distributed\nin an elongated region which looks like the shape of a surfboard. The\nwell-known scaling relations, L-V (Tully-Fisher relation), V-R (also the\nTully-Fisher relation) and R-L (Freeman's law), can be understood as oblique\nprojections of the surfboard-like plane into 2-D spaces. This unified\ninterpretation of the known scaling relations should be a clue to understand\nthe physical origin of all the relations consistently. Furthermore, this\ninterpretation can also explain why previous studies could not find any\ncorrelation between TF residuals and radius.\n In order to clarify the origin of this plane, we simulate formation and\nevolution of spiral galaxies with the N-body/SPH method, including cooling,\nstar formation and stellar feedback. Initial conditions are set to isolated 14\nspheres with two free parameters, such as mass and angular momentum. The CDM\n(h=0.5, $\\Omega_0=1$) cosmology is considered as a test case. The simulations\nprovide the following two conclusions: (a) The slope of the plane is well\nreproduced but the zero-point is not. This zero-point discrepancy could be\nsolved in a low density ($\\Omega_0<1$) and high expansion (h>0.5) cosmology.\n(b) The surfboard-shaped plane can be explained by the control of galactic mass\nand angular momentum.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001249"}
astro-ph/0001250
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{"Title": "Extragalactic H2 and its variable relation to CO", "Authors": "F.P. Israel (Sterrewacht Leiden)", "Abstract": " A steep metallicity dependence of the CO-to-H2 conversion factor X of the\nform log X = 12.2 - 2.5 log[O]/[H], based on a sample of 20 (extra)galactic\ndeterminations, is presented and discussed. The apparently less steep\ndependence found from millimeter interferometer observations is explained\nwithin the context of photon-dominated regions.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001250"}
astro-ph/0001251
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{"Title": "A problem of hypothetical emerging of cosmic background radiation\n photons on horizon in the standard model of universe", "Authors": "V. Skalsky", "Abstract": " The present temperature of cosmic background radiation and the present number\ndensity of photons of cosmic background radiation in the observed expansive and\nisotropic relativistic Universe is in the standard model of universe explained\nby the assumption of emergence of the photons of cosmic background radiation on\nthe horizon (of the most remote visibility). However, the physical analysis\nshows unambiguously that this assumption contradicts the special theory of\nrelativity and the quantum mechanics.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001251"}
astro-ph/0001252
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{"Title": "On the numerical analysis of triplet pair production cross-sections and\n the mean energy of produced particles for modelling electron-photon cascade\n in a soft photon field", "Authors": "V. Anguelov (1), S. Petrov (1), L. Gurdev (2), J. Kourtev (2)\n ((1)INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria, (2)IE, Sofia, Bulgaria)", "Abstract": " The double and single differential cross-sections with respect to positron\nand electron energies as well as the total cross-section of triplet production\nin the laboratory frame are calculated numerically in order to develop a Monte\nCarlo code for modelling electron-photon cascades in a soft photon field. To\navoid numerical integration irregularities of the integrands, which are\ninherent to problems of this type, we have used suitable substitutions in\ncombination with a modern powerful program code Mathematica allowing one to\nachieve reliable higher-precission results. The results obtained for the total\ncross-section closely agree with others estimated analytically or by a\ndifferent numerical approach. The results for the double and single\ndifferential cross-sections turn out to be somewhat different from some\nreported recently. The mean energy of the produced particles, as a function of\nthe characteristic collisional parameter (the electron rest frame photon\nenergy), is calculated and approximated by an analytical expression that\nrevises other known approximations over a wide range of values of the argument.\nThe primary-electron energy loss rate due to triplet pair production is shown\nto prevail over the inverse Compton scattering loss rate at several ($\\sim$2)\norders of magnitude higher interaction energy than that predicted formerly.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001252"}
astro-ph/0001253
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{"Title": "The influence of nova nucleosynthesis on the chemical evolution of the\n Galaxy", "Authors": "Donatella Romano (1) and Francesca Matteucci (2, 1) ((1) SISSA/ISAS,\n Italy, (2) Dipartimento di Astronomia, Univ. di Trieste, Italy)", "Abstract": " We adopt up-to-date yields of 7Li, 13C, 15N from classical novae and use a\nwell tested model for the chemical evolution of the Milky Way in order to\npredict the temporal evolution of these elemental species in the solar\nneighborhood. In spite of major uncertainties due to our lack of knowledge of\nmetallicity effects on the final products of explosive nucleosynthesis in nova\noutbursts, we find a satisfactory agreement between theoretical predictions and\nobservations for 7Li and 13C. On the contrary, 15N turns out to be overproduced\nby about an order of magnitude.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001253"}
astro-ph/0001254
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{"Title": "Co Detection of the Extremely Red Galaxy HR10", "Authors": "Paola Andreani (1,2) Andrea Cimatti (3), Laurent Loinard (4), Huub\n Roettgering (5) ((1) Osservatorio Astronomico, Padova, Italy, (2) MPI f.\n Extr. Phys. Garching, Germany, (3) Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri,\n Italy, (4) IRAM, Grenoble, France, (5) Sterrenwacht, Leiden, The Netherlands)", "Abstract": " CO J = 5 - 4 and J = 2 - 1 emission lines were detected towards the extremely\nred galaxy (ERG) HR10 (J164502+4626.4) at z=1.44. The CO intensities imply a\nmolecular gas mass M(H2) of 1.6 x 10^{11} h^{-2}_50 solar masses, and, combined\nwith the intensity of the dust continuum, a gas-to-dust mass ratio around\n200-400 (assuming galactic values for the conversion factors). The peak of the\nCO lines are at the same redshift as the [O II]3727 line, but blue- shifted by\n430 km s^{-1} from the Halpha line. These CO detections confirm the previous\nresults that HR10 is a highly obscured object with a large thermal far-infrared\nluminosity and a high star-formation rate. The overall properties of HR10 (CO\ndetection, L_FIR to L'_CO ratio, and FIR to radio flux ratio) clearly favour\nthe hypothesis that its extreme characteristics are related to star-formation\nprocesses rather than to a hidden AGN.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001254"}
astro-ph/0001255
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{"Title": "Metric Perturbations and Inflationary Phase Transitions", "Authors": "D. Cormier and R. Holman", "Abstract": " We study the out of equilibrium dynamics of inflationary phase transitions\nand compute the resulting spectrum of metric perturbations relevant to\nobservation. We show that simple single field models of inflation may produce\nan adiabatic perturbation spectrum with a blue spectral tilt and that the\nprecise spectrum depends on initial conditions at the outset of inflation.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001255"}
astro-ph/0001256
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{"Title": "Radio Properties of the Shapley Concentration. III. Merging Clusters in\n the A3558 Complex", "Authors": "T. Venturi (1), S. Bardelli (2), R. Morganti (1), R. W. Hunstead (3)\n ((1) IRA-CNR, Bologna, Italy, (2) Osservatorio Astronomico, Bologna, Italy,\n (3) School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia)", "Abstract": " We present the results of a 22 cm radio survey carried out with the A3558\ncomplex, a chain formed by the merging ACO clusters A3556-A3558-A3562 and\nthetwo groups SC1327-312 and SC1323-313, located in the central region of the\ncomplex, a chain formed by the merging ACO clusters A3556-A3558-A3562 and the\ntwo groups SC1327-312 and SC1323-313, located in the central region of the\nShapley Concentration. The purpose of our survey is to study the effects of\ncluster mergers on the statistical properties of radio galaxies and to\ninvestigate the connection between mergers and the presence of radio halos and\nrelic sources. We found that the radio source counts in the A3558 complex are\nconsistent with the background source counts. Furthermore, we found that no\ncorrelation exists between the local density and the radio source power, and\nthat steep spectrum radio galaxies are not segregated in denser optical\nregions. The radio luminosity function for elliptical and S0 galaxies is\nsignificantly lower than that for cluster type galaxies and for those not\nselected to be in clusters at radio powers logP(1.4) > 22.5, implying that the\nprobability of a galaxy becoming a radio source above this power limit is lower\nin the Shapley Concentration compared with any other environment. The detection\nof a head-tail source in the centre of A3562, coupled with careful inspection\nof the 20 cm NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) and of 36 cm MOST observations, allowed\nus to spot two extended sources in the region between A3562 and SC1329-313,\ni.e. a candidate radio halo at the centre of A3562, and low brightness extended\nemission around a 14.96 magnitude Shapley galaxy.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001256"}
astro-ph/0001257
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{"Title": "Identification of the Coronal Sources of the Fast Solar Wind", "Authors": "S. Giordano, E. Antonucci, G. Noci, M. Romoli, J.L. Kohl", "Abstract": " The present spectroscopic study of the ultraviolet coronal emission in a\npolar hole, detected on April 6-9, 1996 with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph\nSpectrometer aboard the SOHO spacecraft, identifies the inter-plume lanes and\nbackground coronal hole regions as the channels where the fast solar wind is\npreferentially accelerated. In inter-plume lanes, at heliocentric distance 1.7\n\\rsun, the corona expands at a rate between 105 km/s and 150 km/s, that is,\nmuch faster than in plumes where the outflow velocity is between 0 km/s and 65\nkm/s. The wind velocity is inferred from the Doppler dimming of the O VI\n$\\lambda\\lambda$ 1032, 1037 \\AA lines, within a range of values, whose lower\nand upper limit corresponds to anisotropic and isotropic velocity distribution\nof the oxygen coronal ions, respectively.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001257"}
astro-ph/0001258
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{"Title": "Probing The Structure of Space-Time with Cosmic Rays", "Authors": "R. Aloisio (Univ. Aq and INFN-LNGS), P. Blasi (FNAL), P.L. Ghia (CNR\n and INFN Turin), A.F. Grillo (INFN-LNGS)", "Abstract": " The study of the interactions of Cosmic Rays (CR's) with universal diffuse\nbackground radiation can provide very stringent tests of the validity of\nSpecial Relativity. The interactions we consider are the ones characterized by\nwell defined energy thresholds whose energy position can be predicted on the\nbasis of Special Relativity. We argue that the experimental confirmation of the\nexistence of these thresholds can in principle put very stringent limits on the\nscale where Special Relativity and/or continuity of space-time may possibly\nbreak down.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001258"}
astro-ph/0001259
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{"Title": "Could merged star-clusters build up a small galaxy?", "Authors": "Michael Fellhauer (ARI), Pavel Kroupa (MPIA/ITA)", "Abstract": " We investigate the behaviour of a cluster of young massive star clusters\n(hereafter super-cluster) in the tidal field of a host galaxy with a\nhigh-resolution particle-mesh code, Superbox. Specifically we want to establish\nif and how such super star-clusters merge and carry out a detailed study of the\nresulting merger-object. This merger-object shows either the properties of a\ncompact spherical object or the elongated (`fluffy') shape of dSph-galaxies\ndepending on the initial concentration of the super-cluster.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001259"}
astro-ph/0001260
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{"Title": "Evidence for Stellar Streaming in the Cores of Elliptical Galaxies: A\n Kinematic Signature of Mergers?", "Authors": "Michael J. Pierce (Indiana Univ.) and Robert C. Berrington (Indiana\n Univ.)", "Abstract": " We present evidence for non-Gaussian velocity fields within the cores of\nluminous elliptical galaxies. This evidence is based upon high signal-to-noise,\nmedium-resolution spectroscopy of the cores of early-type members of the Virgo\nand Coma clusters obtained with the WIYN 3.5-m telescope. The Virgo data were\nacquired using an integral-field unit (DensePak) allowing the velocity field to\nbe sampled over a variety of spatial scales. The Coma data were obtained\nthrough single, 2-arcsec diameter fibers. The cross-correlation profiles of\nluminous ellipticals show considerable structure, often having several features\nwith amplitudes as high as 10% that of the cross-correlation peak itself. This\nstructure is most obvious within a radius of 1.5 arcsec (at Virgo), or < 100\npc, and is nearly undetectable when the data are binned over R < 15 arcsec, or\n< 1 kpc. Similar features are found in the single-fiber spectra of the luminous\nellipticals in the Coma Cluster suggesting they are ubiquitous to giant\nellipticals. Interesting, only the most luminous elliptical galaxies show this\nphenomena; the central regions of lower luminosity ellipticals have regular,\nGaussian-like profiles. We interpret this kinematic structure as ``stellar\nstreaming'' and suggest that this phenomena could be a relic signature of the\nmerger history of luminous elliptical galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001260"}
astro-ph/0001261
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{"Title": "Search for Relic Neutrinos and Supernova Bursts", "Authors": "David B. Cline", "Abstract": " We describe the current situation concerning methods to search for relic\nneutrinos from the Big Bang and from all past supernovae (SNs). The most\npromising method for Big Bang neutrinos is by the interaction of ultra-high-\nenergy (UHE) neutrinos. For supernova neutrinos, both Super Kamiokande- and\nICARUS-type detectors will be important to study both nubar_{e} and nu_{e}\nfluxes. We also discuss a dedicated supernova burst observatory (OMNIS) being\nplanned for three sites in the world. We also describe the possible analysis of\nthe supernova type-II (SNII) neutrinos, including flavor mixing, that might be\ncarried out in the future.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001261"}
astro-ph/0001262
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{"Title": "Electron Firehose instability and acceleration of electrons in solar\n flares", "Authors": "Gunnar Paesold and Arnold O. Benz", "Abstract": " An electron distribution with a temperature anisotropy T_par/T_perp > 1 can\nlead to the Electron Firehose instability (Here par and perp denote directions\nrelative to the background magnetic field B_0). Since possible particle\nacceleration mechanisms in solar flares exhibit a preference of energizing\nparticles in parallel direction, such an anisotropy is expected during the\nimpulsive phase of a flare. The properties of the excited waves and the\nthresholds for instability are investigated by using linearized kinetic theory.\nThese thresholds were connected to the pre-flare plasma parameters by assuming\nan acceleration model acting exclusively in parallel direction. For usually\nassumed pre-flare plasma conditions the electrons become unstable during the\nacceleration process and lefthand circularly polarized waves with frequencies\nof about the proton gyrofrequency are excited at parallel propagation.\nIndications have been found, that the largest growth rates occur at oblique\npropagation and the according frequencies lie well above the proton\ngyrofrequency.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001262"}
astro-ph/0001263
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{"Title": "Warm Absorbers in Active Galactic Nuclei", "Authors": "Stefanie Komossa (MPE Garching)", "Abstract": " We first provide a review of the properties of warm absorbers concentrating\non what we have learned from ROSAT and ASCA. This includes dusty and dust-free\nwarm absorbers, non-X-ray emission and absorption features of warm absorbers,\nand the possible warm absorber interpretation of the peculiar 1.1 keV features.\n We then discuss facets of warm absorbers by a more detailed investigation of\nindividual objects: In a first part, we discuss several candidates for dusty\nwarm absorbers. In a second part, we review and extend our earlier study of a\npossible relation between warm absorber and CLR in NGC 4051, and confirm that\nboth components are of different origin (the observed coronal lines are\nunderpredicted by the models, the warm absorber is too highly ionized). We then\nsuggest that a potential overprediction of these lines in more lowly ionized\nabsorbers can be avoided if these warm absorbers are dusty. In a third part, we\npresent first results of an analysis of a deep ROSAT PSPC observation of the\nquasar MR2251-178, the first one discovered to host a warm absorber. Finally,\nwe summarize our scrutiny under which conditions a warm absorber could account\nfor the dramatic spectral variability of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy\nRXJ0134-4258.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001263"}
astro-ph/0001264
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{"Title": "The giant X-ray outbursts from nearby, non-active galaxies: tidal\n disruption flares ?", "Authors": "Stefanie Komossa (MPE Garching)", "Abstract": " One efficient method to probe the direct vicinity of SMBHs in nearby galaxies\nis to make use of the detection of flares from tidally disrupted stars (e.g.,\nLidskii & Ozernoi 1979, Rees 1988). The first few excellent candidates for the\noccurrence of this process in non-active galaxies have emerged recently. Here,\nwe present a review of these observations, compare with variability in AGN, and\ndiscuss theoretical implications. We concentrate on the cases of NGC 5905 and\nRXJ1242-1119, and report results from a systematic search for further X-ray\nflares from a sample of >100 nearby galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001264"}
astro-ph/0001265
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{"Title": "Dynamics of the X-ray clusters Abell 222, Abell 223 and Abell 520", "Authors": "D.Proust (1), H. Cuevas (2), H.V. Capelato (3), L. Sodre Jr. (2), B.\n Tome Lehodey (3), O. Le Fevre (4) and A. Mazure (4). ((1) DAEC, CNRS,\n Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, France, (2) Departamento de Astronomia IAG/USP,\n Brazil, (3) Divisao de Astrofisica INPE/MCT, Brazil, (4) Laboratoire\n d'Astronomie Spatiale, France)", "Abstract": " We present the results of a dynamical analysis of three rich, X-ray luminous\ngalaxy clusters, Abell 222, Abell 223 and Abell 520, that are at intermediate\nredshifts. Our study is based on radial velocities for 71 cluster members,\nrespectively 30 for A222, 20 for A223 and 21 for A520, measured from spectra\nobtained at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, the European Southern\nObservatory, and the Pic du Midi Observatory, and supplemented with radial\nvelocities from the literature. A222 galaxies have slightly higher velocities\nthan those of A223, with bi-weighted mean velocity of V_{bi} = 64242 +/- 194\nkm/s for A222, and of V_{bi} = 63197 +/- 266 km/s for A223. The velocity\ndispersions of the two clusters are about the same: sigma_{bi} = 1013 +/- 150\nkm/s and sigma_{bi} = 1058 +/- 160 km/s for A222 and A223, respectively. For\nA520 we obtain V_{bi} = 60127 +/- 284 km/s with sigma_{bi} = 1250 +/- 189 km/s.\nWe also give mass and mass-luminosities ratio estimates for each cluster\nseparately. We argue that these clusters are presently undergoing strong\ndynamical evolution and that A222 and A223 will probably merge in the future.\nWe have applied a Principal Component Analysis to a sample of 51 CFHT spectra\nto produce a spectral classification for these galaxies. This classification\nhas allowed us to show that the morphological and kinematical segregations were\nalready established in these intermediate redshift clusters.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001265"}
astro-ph/0001266
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{"Title": "The red giant branches of Galactic globular clusters in the [(V-I)o,Mv]\n plane: metallicity indices and morphology", "Authors": "Ivo Saviane (1), Alfred Rosenberg (2 and 3), Giampaolo Piotto (1)\n Antonio Aparicio (4) ((1) Universita' di Padova, Italy (2) TNG, Padova,\n Italy, (3) Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Italy, (4) Instituto de\n Astrofisica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain)", "Abstract": " The purpose of this study is to carry out a thorough investigation of the\nchanges in morphology of the red giant branch (RGB) of Galactic globular\nclusters (GGC) as a function of metallicity, in the V,I bands. To this aim, two\nkey points are developed in the course of the analysis.\n (a) Using our photometric V,I database for Galactic globular clusters (the\nlargest homogeneous data sample to date; Rosenberg et al. 1999) we measure a\ncomplete set of metallicity indices, based on the morphology and position of\nthe red-giant branch. In particular, we provide here the first calibration of\nthe S, DV_(1.1) and DV_(1.4) indices in the (V-I,V) plane. We show that our\nindices are internally consistent, and we calibrate each index in terms of\nmetallicity, both on the Zinn & West (1984) and the Carretta & Gratton (1997)\nscales. Our new calibrations of the (V-I)o,g, DV_(1.2), (V-I)_(-3.0) and\n(V-I)_(-3.5) indices are consistent with existing relations.\n (b) Using a grid of selected RGB fiducial points, we define a function in the\n{(V-I)o,Mi,[Fe/H]} space which is able to reproduce the whole set of GGC giant\nbranches in terms of a single parameter (the metallicity). As a first test, we\nshow that the function is able to predict the correct trend of our observed\nindices with metallicity.\n The usage of this function will improve the current determinations of\nmetallicity and distances within the Local Group, since it allows to easily map\n[(V-I)o,Mi] coordinates into {[Fe/H],Mi} ones. To this aim the ``synthetic''\nRGB distribution is generated both for the currently used Lee et al. (1990)\ndistance scale, and for the most recent results on the RR Lyr distance scale.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001266"}
astro-ph/0001267
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{"Title": "Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Surveys: Analytic treatment of cluster detection", "Authors": "James G. Bartlett", "Abstract": " Thanks to advances in detector technology and observing techniques, true\nSunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) surveys will soon become a reality. This opens up a new\nwindow into the Universe, in many ways analogous to the X-ray band and\ninherently well-adapted to reaching high redshifts. I discuss the nature,\nabundance and redshift distributions of objects detectable in ground-based\nsearches with state-of-the-art technology. An advantage of the SZ approach is\nthat the total SZ flux density depends only on the thermal energy of the\nintracluster gas and not on its spatial or temperature structure, in contrast\nto the X-ray luminosity. Because ground-based surveys will be characterized by\narcminute angular resolution, they will resolve a large fraction of the cluster\npopulation. I quantify the resulting consequences for the cluster selection\nfunction; these include less efficient cluster detection compared to idealized\npoint sources and corresponding steeper integrated source counts. This implies,\ncontrary to expectations based on a point source approximation, that deep\nsurveys are better than wide ones in terms of maximizing the number of detected\nobjects. At a given flux density sensitivity and angular resolution, searches\nat millimeter wavelengths (bolometers) are more efficient than centimeter\nsearches (radio), due to the form of the SZ spectrum. Possible ground-based\nsurveys could discover up to $\\sim 100$ clusters per square degree at a\nwavelength of 2 mm and $\\sim 10$/sq. deg. at 1 cm, modeling clusters as a\nsimple self-similar population.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001267"}
astro-ph/0001268
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{"Title": "High Resolution Simulation of Galaxy Formation with Feedback", "Authors": "R. J. Thacker, H. M. P. Couchman", "Abstract": " We present results from a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) simulation of\ngalaxy formation that exceeds the minimum resolution requirement suggested by\nSteinmetz & Muller (1993) of 3*10^4 SPH particles per galaxy. Using the\nmultiple mass technique an effective resolution of a little over one billion\nparticles is attained within a 48 Mpc cube. We find that even with an SPH mass\nresolution of 1.5*10^6 solar masses and a plausible feedback algorithm, the\ncooling catastrophe continues to be a problem for Einstein-de Sitter CDM\ncosmologies. Increasing resolution also appears to exacerbate the core-halo\nangular momentum transport problem.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001268"}
astro-ph/0001269
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{"Title": "Chandra Observation of Abell 2142: Survival of Dense Subcluster Cores in\n a Merger", "Authors": "M. Markevitch, T. J. Ponman, P. E. J. Nulsen, M. W. Bautz, D. J.\n Burke, L. P. David, D. Davis, R. H. Donnelly, W. R. Forman, C. Jones, J.\n Kaastra, E. Kellogg, D.-W. Kim, J. Kolodziejczak, P. Mazzotta, A. Pagliaro,\n S. Patel, L. VanSpeybroeck, A. Vikhlinin, J. Vrtilek, M. Wise, P. Zhao", "Abstract": " We use Chandra data to map the gas temperature in the central region of the\nmerging cluster A2142. The cluster is markedly nonisothermal; it appears that\nthe central cooling flow has been disturbed but not destroyed by a merger. The\nX-ray image exhibits two sharp, bow-shaped, shock-like surface brightness edges\nor gas density discontinuities. However, temperature and pressure profiles\nacross these edges indicate that these are not shock fronts. The pressure is\nreasonably continuous across these edges, while the entropy jumps in the\nopposite sense to that in a shock (i.e. the denser side of the edge has lower\ntemperature, and hence lower entropy). Most plausibly, these edges delineate\nthe dense subcluster cores that have survived a merger and ram pressure\nstripping by the surrounding shock-heated gas.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001269"}
astro-ph/0001270
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{"Title": "Helium Emission in the Type Ic SN 1999cq", "Authors": "Thomas Matheson, Alexei V. Filippenko, Ryan Chornock, Douglas C.\n Leonard, and Weidong Li (Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley)", "Abstract": " We present the first unambiguous detection of helium emission lines in\nspectra of Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic). The presence of He I lines, with full\nwidth at half maximum ~ 2000 km/s, and the distinct absence of any other\nintermediate-width emission (e.g., Halpha), implies that the ejecta of SN Ic\n1999cq are interacting with dense circumstellar material composed of almost\npure helium. This strengthens the argument that the progenitors of SNe Ic are\ncore-collapse events in stars that have lost both their hydrogen and helium\nenvelopes, either through a dense wind or mass-transfer to a companion. In this\nway, SN 1999cq is similar to supernovae such as SN 1987K and SN 1993J that\nhelped firmly establish a physical connection between Type Ib and Type II\nsupernovae. The light curve of SN 1999cq is very fast, with an extremely rapid\nrise followed by a quick decline. SN 1999cq is also found to exhibit a high\nlevel of emission at blue wavelengths (< 5500 A), likely resulting from either\nan unusually large amount of iron and iron-group element emission or\nuncharacteristically low reddening compared with other SNe Ic.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001270"}
astro-ph/0001271
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{"Title": "Probing the Cosmic Dark Age in X-rays", "Authors": "Zoltan Haiman (Princeton University, Fermilab)", "Abstract": " Empirical studies of the first generation of stars and quasars will likely\nbecome feasible within the next decade in several different wavelength bands.\nMicrowave anisotropy experiments, such as MAP or Planck, will set constraints\non the ionization history of the intergalactic medium due to these sources. In\nthe infrared, the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) will be able to\ndirectly detect sub-galactic objects at redshifts z>10. In the optical, data\nfrom the Hubble Deep Field already places a constraint on the abundance of\nhigh-redshift quasars. However, the epoch of the first quasars might be first\nprobed in X-ray bands, by instruments such as the Chandra X-ray Observatory\n(CXO) and the X-ray Multi-mirror Mission (XMM). In a 500 Ksec integration, CXO\nreaches a sensitivity of 2x10-16 erg/s cm^2. Based on simple hierarchical CDM\nmodels, we find that at this flux threshold approx. 100 quasars might be\ndetectable from redshifts z>5, and approx. 1 quasar at z=10, in each 17x17\narcmin field. Measurement of the power spectrum of the unresolved soft X-ray\nbackground will further constrain models of faint, high-redshift quasars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001271"}
astro-ph/0001272
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{"Title": "The MACHO Project: Microlensing Results from 5.7 Years of LMC\n Observations", "Authors": "The MACHO collaboration: C. Alcock, R.A. Allsman, D.R. Alves, T.S.\n Axelrod, A.C. Becker, D.P. Bennett, K.H. Cook, N. Dalal, A.J. Drake, K.C.\n Freeman, M. Geha, K. Griest, M.J. Lehner, S.L. Marshall, D. Minniti, C.A.\n Nelson, B.A. Peterson, P. Popowski, M.R. Pratt, P.J. Quinn, C.W. Stubbs, W.\n Sutherland, A.B. Tomaney, T. Vandehei, and D. Welch", "Abstract": " We report on our search for microlensing towards the Large Magellanic Cloud\n(LMC). Analysis of 5.7 years of photometry on 11.9 million stars in the LMC\nreveals 13 - 17 microlensing events. This is significantly more than the $\\sim$\n2 to 4 events expected from lensing by known stellar populations. The\ntimescales ($\\that$) of the events range from 34 to 230 days. We estimate the\nmicrolensing optical depth towards the LMC from events with $2 < \\that < 400$\ndays to be 1.2 ^{+0.4}_ {-0.3} \\ten{-7}$, with an additional 20% to 30% of\nsystematic error. The spatial distribution of events is mildly inconsistent\nwith LMC/LMC disk self-lensing, but is consistent with an extended lens\ndistribution such as a Milky Way or LMC halo. Interpreted in the context of a\nGalactic dark matter halo, consisting partially of compact objects, a maximum\nlikelihood analysis gives a MACHO halo fraction of 20% for a typical halo model\nwith a 95% confidence interval of 8% to 50%. A 100% MACHO halo is ruled out at\nthe 95% C.L. for all except our most extreme halo model. Interpreted as a\nGalactic halo population, the most likely MACHO mass is between $ 0.15 \\msun$\nand $ 0.9 \\msun$, depending on the halo model, and the total mass in MACHOs out\nto 50 kpc is found to be 9+4-3 10^{10} msun, independent of the halo model.\nThese results are marginally consistent with our previous results, but are\nlower by about a factor of two. Besides a larger data set, this work also\nincludes an improved efficiency determination, improved likelihood analysis,\nand more thorough testing of systematic errors, especially with respect to the\ntreatment of potential backgrounds to microlensing, such as supernovae in\ngalaxies behind the LMC. [Abridged]\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001272"}
astro-ph/0001273
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{"Title": "Thermodynamic properties of nuclear \"pasta\" in neutron star crusts", "Authors": "Gentaro Watanabe, Kei Iida, Katsuhiko Sato (U. of Tokyo)", "Abstract": " Equilibrium phase diagrams for neutron star matter at subnuclear densities\nare obtained at zero temperature. Spherical, rod-like and slab-like nuclei as\nwell as spherical and rod-like nuclear bubbles are taken into account by using\na compressible liquid-drop model. This model is designed to incorporate\nuncertainties in the nuclear surface tension and in the proton chemical\npotential in a gas of dripped neutrons. The resultant phase diagrams show that\nfor typical values of these quantities, the phases with rod-like nuclei and\nwith slab-like nuclei occur in the form of Coulomb lattice at densities below a\npoint where the system becomes uniform. Thermal fluctuations leading to\ndisplacements of such nuclei from their equilibrium positions are considered\nthrough explicit evaluations of their elastic constants; these fluctuations can\nbe effective at destroying the layered lattice of slab-like nuclei in the\ntemperature region typical of matter in the neutron star crust.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001273"}
astro-ph/0001274
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{"Title": "Neutrino decay and the thermochemical equilibrium of the interstellar\n medium", "Authors": "Nestor Sanchez and Neyda Anez", "Abstract": " We calculate the thermochemical equilibrium of the diffuse interstellar\nmedium, including ionization by a photon flux F_{nu} from neutrino decay. The\nmain heating mechanism considered is photoelectrons from grains and PAHs. For\nthe studied range of F_{nu} values, there always exists two regions of\nstability (a warm and a cold phase) that can coexist in equilibrium if the\nthermal interstellar pressure is between a maximum value P_{max} and a minimum\nvalue P_{min}. High F_{nu} values (~10^4-10^5 cm^{-2} s^{-1}) can be consistent\nwith observed interstellar pressures only if more efficient sources are heating\nthe gas. It is shown that a neutrino flux increase (due, for example, to an\nincrease in the supernova explosion rate) may stimulate the condensation of\ncold gas by decreasing P_{max} below the interstellar pressure value.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001274"}
astro-ph/0001275
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{"Title": "Dust in the 55 Cancri planetary system", "Authors": "Ray Jayawardhana (CfA), Wayne S. Holland, Jane S. Greaves (JAC,\n Hawaii), William R. F. Dent (ROE), Geoffrey W. Marcy (UC Berkeley), Lee W.\n Hartmann, Giovanni G. Fazio (CfA)", "Abstract": " The presence of debris disks around $\\sim$ 1-Gyr-old main sequence stars\nsuggests that an appreciable amount of dust may persist even in mature\nplanetary systems. Here we report the detection of dust emission from 55\nCancri, a star with one, or possibly two, planetary companions detected through\nradial velocity measurements. Our observations at 850$\\mu$m and 450$\\mu$m imply\na dust mass of 0.0008-0.005 Earth masses, somewhat higher than that in the the\nKuiper Belt of our solar system. The estimated temperature of the dust grains\nand a simple model fit both indicate a central disk hole of at least 10 AU in\nradius. Thus, the region where the planets are detected is likely to be\nsignificantly depleted of dust. Our results suggest that far-infrared and\nsub-millimeter observations are powerful tools for probing the outer regions of\nextrasolar planetary systems.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001275"}
astro-ph/0001276
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{"Title": "Implementing Feedback in Simulations of Galaxy Formation: A Survey of\n Methods", "Authors": "R. J. Thacker, H. M. P. Couchman", "Abstract": " We present a detailed investigation of different approaches to modeling\nfeedback in simulations of galaxy formation. Gas-dynamic forces are evaluated\nusing Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) while star formation and supernova\nfeedback are included using a three parameter model which determines the star\nformation rate normalization, feedback energy and lifetime of feedback regions.\nThe star formation rate is calculated using a Lagrangian Schmidt Law for all\ngas particles which satisfy temperature, density and convergent flow criteria.\nFeedback is incorporated as thermal heating of the ISM. We compare the effects\nof distributing this energy over the smoothing scale or depositing it on a\nsingle particle. Radiative losses are prevented from heated particles by\nadjusting the density used in radiative cooling. We test the models on the\nformation of galaxies from cosmological initial conditions and also on isolated\nMilky Way and dwarf galaxies. Extremely violent feedback is necessary to\nproduce a gas disk with angular momentum remotely close to that of observed\ndisk galaxies. This is a result of the extreme central concentration of the\ndark halos in the sCDM model, and the pervasiveness of the core-halo angular\nmomentum transport mechanism. We emphasize that the disks formed in\nhierarchical simulations are partially a numerical artifact produced by the\nminimum mass scale of the simulation acting as a highly efficient `support'\nmechanism. Disk formation is strongly affected by the treatment of dense\nregions in SPH, which along with the difficulty of representing the\nhierarchical formation process, means that realistic simulations of galaxy\nformation require far higher resolution than currently used.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001276"}
astro-ph/0001277
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{"Title": "High Resolution Rotation Curves of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies", "Authors": "R.A. Swaters, B.F. Madore, M. Trewhella", "Abstract": " High resolution Halpha rotation curves are presented for five low surface\nbrightness galaxies. These Halpha rotation curves have shapes different from\nthose previously derived from HI observations, probably because of the higher\nspatial resolution of the Halpha observations. The Halpha rotation curves rise\nmore steeply in the inner parts than the HI rotation curves and reach a flat\npart beyond about two disk scale lengths. With radii expressed in optical disk\nscale lengths, the rotation curves of the low surface brightness galaxies\npresented here and those of HSB galaxies have almost identical shapes. Mass\nmodeling shows that the contribution of the stellar component to the rotation\ncurves may be scaled to explain most of the inner parts of the rotation curves,\nalbeit with high stellar mass-to-light ratios. On the other hand, well fitting\nmass models can also be obtained with lower contributions of the stellar disk.\nThese observations suggest that the luminous mass density and the total mass\ndensity are coupled in the inner parts of these galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001277"}
astro-ph/0001278
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{"Title": "The optical-ultraviolet continuum of Seyfert 2 galaxies", "Authors": "M. Contini (1), S.M. Viegas (2) ((1) School of Physics and Astronomy,\n Tel Aviv University, (2) Instituto Astronomico e Geofisico, USP)", "Abstract": " This paper aims to understand the continuum of Seyfert 2 galaxies. By fitting\nthe single galaxies in the sample of Heckman et al. (1995) with composite\nmodels (shock+ photoionization from the active center), we show that five main\ncomponents characterize the SED of the continuum. Shocks play an important role\nsince they produce a high temperature zone where soft X-rays are emitted.\n We show that in the optical-UV range, the slope of the NLR emission\nreproduces the observed values, and may be the main component of the\nfeatureless continuum. The presence of star forming regions cannot be excluded\nin the circumnuclear region of various Seyfert galaxies. An attempt is made to\nfind their fingerprints in the observed AGN spectra. Finally, it is\ndemonstrated that multi-cloud models are necessary to interpret the spectra of\nsingle objects, even in the global investigation of a sample of galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001278"}
astro-ph/0001279
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{"Title": "The Fractional Kinetic Equation and Thermonuclear Functions", "Authors": "H.J. Haubold (UN, Austria) and A.M. Mathai (McGill University, C\n anada)", "Abstract": " The paper discusses the solution of a simple kinetic equation of the type\nused for the computation of the change of the chemical composition in stars\nlike the Sun. Starting from the standard form of the kinetic equation it is\ngeneralized to a fractional kinetic equation and its solutions in terms of\nH-functions are obtained. The role of thermonuclear functions, which are also\nrepresented in terms of G- and H-functions, in such a fractional kinetic\nequation is emphasized. Results contained in this paper are related to recent\ninvestigations of possible astrophysical solutions of the solar neutrino\nproblem.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001279"}
astro-ph/0001280
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{"Title": "Analytical Study of Thermonuclear Reaction Probability Integrals", "Authors": "M.A. Chaudhry (King Fahd University, Saudi Arabia), H.J. Haubold (UN,\n Austria), and A.M. Mathai (McGill University, Canada)", "Abstract": " An analytic study of the reaction probability integrals corresponding to the\nvarious forms of the slowly varying cross-section factor $S(E)$ is attempted.\nExact expressions for reaction probability integrals are expressed in terms of\nthe extended gamma functions.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001280"}
astro-ph/0001281
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{"Title": "Solar-Like Cycle in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars", "Authors": "Noam Soker (Univ. of Haifa)", "Abstract": " I propose that the mechanism behind the formation of concentric semi-periodic\nshells found in several planetary nebulae (PNs) and proto-PNs, and around one\nasymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, is a solar-like magnetic activity cycle in\nthe progenitor AGB stars. The time intervals between consecutive ejection\nevents is about 200-1,000 years, which is assumed to be the cycle period (the\nfull magnetic cycle can be twice as long, as is the 22-year period in the sun).\nThe magnetic field has no dynamical effects; it regulates the mass loss rate by\nthe formation of magnetic cool spots. The enhanced magnetic activity at the\ncycle maximum results in more magnetic cool spots, which facilitate the\nformation of dust, hence increasing the mass loss rate. The strong magnetic\nactivity implies that the AGB star is spun up by a companion, via a tidal or\ncommon envelope interaction. The strong interaction with a stellar companion\nexplains the observations that the concentric semi-periodic shells are found\nmainly in bipolar PNs.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001281"}
astro-ph/0001282
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{"Title": "Analysis of The Hipparcos Measurements of HD10697 - A Mass Determination\n of a Brown-Dwarf Secondary", "Authors": "Shay Zucker and Tsevi Mazeh (Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel)", "Abstract": " HD10697 is a nearby main-sequence star around which a planet candidate has\nrecently been discovered by means of radial-velocity measurements (Vogt et al.\n1999, submitted to ApJ). The stellar orbit has a period of about three years,\nthe secondary minimum mass is 6.35 Jupiter masses and the minimum semi-major\naxis is 0.36 milli-arc-sec (mas). Using the Hipparcos data of HD10697 together\nwith the spectroscopic elements of Vogt et al. (1999) we found a semi-major\naxis of 2.1 +/- 0.7 mas, implying a mass of 38 +/- 13 Jupiter masses for the\nunseen companion. We therefore suggest that the secondary of HD10697 is\nprobably a brown dwarf, orbiting around its parent star at a distance of 2 AU.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001282"}
astro-ph/0001283
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{"Title": "Induction of supernova-like explosions by gamma-ray bursts in close\n binary systems", "Authors": "Mordehai Milgrom and Vladimir V. Usov (Weizmann Institute)", "Abstract": " We propose that a gamma-ray burst in one member of a binary may induce a\nsupernova-like explosion of a close, white-dwarf companion. Such an explosion\nmight be brought about in rather light companions, which cannot undergo the\nstandard accretion-induced explosion. This would give some GRB-associated\nsupernova an appearance rather unlike that of the typical Type I. GRB 980425,\nif indeed associated with SN 1998bw, is too weak to have produced it through\nour proposed mechanism.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001283"}
astro-ph/0001284
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{"Title": "The Spectroscopic Orbit of the Planetary Companion Transiting HD209458", "Authors": "T. Mazeh, D. Naef, G. Torres, D. W. Latham, M. Mayor, J.-L. Beuzit, T.\n M. Brown, L. Buchhave, M. Burnet, B. W. Carney, D. Charbonneau, G. A.\n Drukier, J. B. Laird, F. Pepe, C. Perrier, D. Queloz, N. C. Santos, J.-P.\n Sivan, S. Udry and S. Zucker", "Abstract": " We report a spectroscopic orbit with period P = 3.52433 +/- 0.00027 days for\nthe planetary companion that transits the solar-type star HD209458. For the\nmetallicity, mass, and radius of the star we derive [Fe/H] = 0.00 +/- 0.02, M =\n1.1 +/- 0.1 solar masses, and R = 1.3 +/- 0.1 solar radii. This is based on a\nnew analysis of the iron lines in our HIRES template spectrum, and also on the\nabsolute magnitude and color of the star, and uses isochrones from four\ndifferent sets of stellar evolution models. Using these values for the stellar\nparameters we reanalyze the transit data and derive an orbital inclination of i\n= 85.2 +/- 1.4 degrees. For the planet we derive a mass of Mp = 0.69 +/- 0.05\nJupiter masses, a radius of Rp = 1.54 +/- 0.18 Jupiter radii, and a density of\n0.23 +/- 0.08 grams per cubic cm.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001284"}
astro-ph/0001285
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{"Title": "The INT Wide Field Imaging Survey(WFS)", "Authors": "Richard G. McMahon (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK), N.A.\n Walton(Isaac Newton Group, LaPalma, Spain) M.J. Irwin(Institute of Astronomy,\n Cambridge, UK), J.R. Lewis(Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK), P.S.\n Bunclark(Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK), D.H.P. Jones(Institute of\n Astronomy, Cambridge, UK), R.G. Sharp(Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK)", "Abstract": " The 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope(INT) is currently being used to carry out a\nmajor multi-colour, multi-epoch, CCD based wide field survey over an area of\n100 square degrees. The survey parameters have been chosen to maximise\nscientific return over a wide range of scientific areas and to complement other\nsurveys being carried out elsewhere. Unique aspects of the survey is that it\nconcentrates on regions of sky that are easily accessible from telescopes in\nboth Northern and Southern terrestrial hemispheres and that it the first public\nsurvey to use filters similar to that being used by the Sloan Digital Sky\nSurvey. A major aim of the the INT Wide Field Survey program is to bridge the\ngap between the all-sky photographic 2 and 3 band surveys such as the Palomar\nand UK Schmidt sky surveys and the ultra-deep keyhole surveys such as the\nHubble Deep Field.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001285"}
astro-ph/0001286
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{"Title": "Starbursts in barred spiral galaxies IV: On young bars and the formation\n of abundance gradients", "Authors": "S. Considere, R. Coziol, T. Contini, E. Davoust", "Abstract": " The oxygen (O/H) and N/O abundance ratios along the bar of 16 barred spiral\nstarburst galaxies are determined using long-slit spectroscopy. The abundance\ngradients and the spatial distribution of the ionized gas along the bar are\nused to understand the role of bars in starburst galaxies.\n The oxygen abundance gradients are steeper than in normal barred galaxies,\nwhile the intersects are low. This excludes the possibility that these are\nchemically evolved galaxies rejuvenated by the effect of a bar. The\nnitrogen-to-oxygen abundance gradients are flatter than the oxygen ones. But\nN/O intersects are high, which rules out the possibility that a large quantity\nof gas was recently funneled by a bar toward the center of a young galaxy.\nBars, therefore, cannot be at the origin of the bursts in the nuclei of our\nsample galaxies.\n The oxygen and N/O abundance gradients are generally stronger in the bar than\nin the disk and are linked together by a linear relation. This can be fully\nexplained in terms of star formation history: the gradients build up from the\ninside out, becoming stronger as the oxygen and N/O abundances increase in the\nbulge while staying low in the disk.\n In many of the sample galaxies, star formation occurs at one or both ends of\nthe bar. The low level of chemical enrichment in these regions suggests that\nthey recently experienced bar-triggered star formation: this is the only\nvisible effect of bars. Our analysis shows that bars probably appeared very\nrecently (a few 10^7 years) in the starburst galaxies, which are relatively\n\"young\" galaxies still in the process of formation.(Abridged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001286"}
astro-ph/0001287
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{"Title": "The formation of bars and disks in Markarian starburst galaxies", "Authors": "R. Coziol, S. Considere, E. Davoust, T. Contini", "Abstract": " We have proposed in a companion paper (Considere et al. 2000) that bars\nappeared recently in massive starburst nucleus galaxies. We now test this\nhypothesis on an extended sample of barred and unbarred Markarian starburst\ngalaxies, using several samples of normal galaxies as control samples.\n In support of this hypothesis, we show that the proportion of barred galaxies\nis much lower in Markarian starburst galaxies than in normal galaxies. In\naddition to this deficiency of bars, we find that Markarian starburst galaxies\nhave smaller disks than normal galaxies, and that the disks of unbarred\nstarburst galaxies are smaller, on average, than barred ones. Finally, we show\nthat the Markarian starburst galaxies do not seem to follow the local\nTully--Fisher relation.\n Various alternatives are examined to explain the deficiency of bars and the\nsmall disk dimensions in Markarian starburst galaxies. One possibility, which\nis in agreement with the young bar hypothesis, is that the formation of disks\nhappens after the formation of bulges and that bars appear only later, when\nenough gas has been accreted in the disk.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001287"}
astro-ph/0001288
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{"Title": "Dark Matter Halos Simulated with Million Particles", "Authors": "Y.P. Jing (NAO, Tokyo) and Yasushi Suto (RESCEU, Tokyo)", "Abstract": " We report a series of high-resolution N-body simulations designed to examine\nthe internal physical properties of dark matter halos. A total of fifteen\nhalos, each represented by $\\sim 1$ million particles within the virial radius,\nhave been simulated covering the mass range of $2\\times10^{12}\\sim\n5\\times10^{14} h^{-1}{\\rm M_\\odot}$. As the first application of these\nsimulations, we have examined the density profiles of the halos. We found a\nclear systematic correlation between the halo mass and the slope of the density\nprofile at one percent of the virial radius, in addition to the variations of\nthe slope among halos of the similar mass. More specifically, the slope is\n$\\sim - 1.5$, -1.3, and -1.1 for galaxy, group, and cluster mass halos,\nrespectively. Thus we conclude that the dark matter density profiles,\nespecially in the inner region, are not universal.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001288"}
astro-ph/0001289
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{"Title": "Optical Identification of the ASCA Large Sky Survey", "Authors": "M.Akiyama, K.Ohta, T.Yamada, N.Kashikawa, M.Yagi, W.Kawasaki,\n M.Sakano, T.Tsuru, Y.Ueda, T.Takahashi, I.Lehmann, G.Hasinger, W.Voges", "Abstract": " We present results of optical identification of the X-ray sources detected in\nthe ASCA Large Sky Survey. Optical spectroscopic observations were done for 34\nX-ray sources which were detected with the SIS in the 2-7 keV band above 3.5\nsigma. The sources are identified with 30 AGNs, 2 clusters of galaxies, and 1\ngalactic star. Only 1 source is still unidentified. The flux limit of the\nsample corresponds to 1 x 10^{-13} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} in the 2-10 keV band.\n Based on the sample, the paper discusses optical and X-ray spectral\nproperties of the AGNs, contribution of the sources to the Cosmic X-ray\nBackground, and redshift and luminosity distributions of the AGNs. An\ninteresting result is that the redshift distribution of the AGNs suggests a\ndeficiency of high-redshift (0.5 < z < 2) and luminous (Lx(2-10 keV) > 10^{44}\nerg s^{-1}) absorbed narrow-line AGNs (so called type 2 QSOs).\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001289"}
astro-ph/0001290
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{"Title": "Combined color indexes and photometric structure of galaxies NGC 834 and\n NGC 1134", "Authors": "D.Bizyaev, A.Zasov (Sternberg Astronomical Institute) and S.Kajsin\n (Special Astrophysical Observatory of RAS)", "Abstract": " We present the results of BVRI photometry of two galaxies with active star\nformation: NGC 834 and NGC 1134. Combined color index Q_{BVI} was used to\ninvestigate the photometrical structure of the galaxies. Index Q_{BVI} is not\naffected by internal extinction and is sensitive to the presence of blue stars.\n Ring-like region with active star formation at 15\" from the center reveals\nitself in the Q_{BVI} map of NGC 834. Three-arm spiral structure is well-seen\non the Q_{BVI} map of NGC 1134.\n We propose to use the combined indexes Q_{BVI} and similarly defined indices\nas a tracers of Star Formation activity and structure of dusty galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001290"}
astro-ph/0001291
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{"Title": "CADIS deep star counts: Galactic structure and the stellar luminosity\n function", "Authors": "S. Phleps (1), K. Meisenheimer (1), B. Fuchs (2), C. Wolf (1) ((1)\n Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astronomie, Heidelberg, (2) Astronomisches\n Recheninstitut, Heidelberg)", "Abstract": " In this paper we present the first results of deep star counts carried out\nwithin the Calar Alto Deep Imaging Survey, CADIS (Meisenheimer 1998). Although\nCADIS was designed as an extragalactic survey, it also attempts to identify the\nstars in the fields in order to avoid confusion with quasars and compact\ngalaxies. We have identified a sample of about 300 faint stars 15.5< R < 23),\nwhich are well suited to study the structure of the Galaxy. The stars lie in\ntwo fields, hereafter 16h and 9h field, respectively. The stars have been\nseparated from galaxies by a classification scheme based on photometric spectra\nand morphological criteria. Distances were derived by photometric parallaxes.\nWe are able to find stars up to distances of approximately 25 kpc above the\nGalactic plane. The vertical density distribution of the stars shows the\ncontribution of the thin disk, the stellar halo and the ``thick disk'' of the\nGalaxy. We give quantitative descriptions of the components in terms of\nexponential disks and a de Vaucouleurs spheroid. For the disk stars we derive\nthe luminosity function. It is equal within the errors to the local luminosity\nfunction and continues to rise out to at least M_V = 13. Implications for the\nmass function are briefly discussed.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001291"}
astro-ph/0001292
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{"Title": "VSL theories and the Doppler peak", "Authors": "P. P. Avelino, C. J. A. P. Martins and G. Rocha", "Abstract": " We discuss constraints on so-called `varying speed of light theories' coming\nfrom the physics of the early universe. Specifically, we consider the position\nof the first acoustic peak of the CMB angular power spectrum, showing that the\nrecent determination of its position by various CMB experiments, in particular\nBOOMERanG/NA, can be used to constrain the value of the speed of light $c$\nafter the epoch of last scattering. Specifically, we find that for a flat\nuniverse and a standard density of baryonic matter a variation in $c$ of up to\n4% is consistent with the current observations. The position of the Doppler\npeak is fairly sensitive to changes in $c$, and future observations should\ndramatically improve this bound. On the other hand, we also find that the\nmaximum baryonic density allowed in VSL theories is about $\\Omega_B h^2\\sim\n0.06\\Omega_0$. We comment on the significance of these results.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001292"}
astro-ph/0001293
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{"Title": "Solar cycle variation in solar f-mode frequencies and radius", "Authors": "H. M. Antia, Sarbani Basu, J. Pintar, B. Pohl", "Abstract": " Using data from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) covering the\nperiod from 1995 to 1998, we study the change with solar activity in solar\nf-mode frequencies. The results are compared with similar changes detected from\nthe Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) data. We find variations in f-mode\nfrequencies which are correlated with solar activity indices. If these changes\nare due to variation in solar radius then the implications are that the solar\nradius decreases by about 5 km from minimum to maximum activity.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001293"}
astro-ph/0001294
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{"Title": "Solar cycle variations of large scale flows in the Sun", "Authors": "Sarbani Basu and H. M. Antia", "Abstract": " Using data from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on board the\nSolar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), we study the large-scale velocity\nfields in the outer part of the solar convection zone using the ring diagram\ntechnique. We use observations from four different times to study possible\ntemporal variations in flow velocity. We find definite changes in both the\nzonal and meridional components of the flows. The amplitude of the zonal flow\nappears to increase with solar activity and the flow pattern also shifts\ntowards lower latitude with time.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001294"}
astro-ph/0001295
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{"Title": "Comprehensive analytic formulae for stellar evolution as a function of\n mass and metallicity", "Authors": "J.R. Hurley, O.R. Pols, C.A. Tout", "Abstract": " We present analytic formulae that approximate the evolution of stars for a\nwide range of mass and metallicity. Stellar luminosity, radius and core mass\nare given as a function of age, M and Z, for all phases from the zero-age\nmain-sequence up to, and including, the remnant stages. For the most part we\nfind continuous formulae accurate to within 5% of detailed models. These\nformulae are useful for purposes such as population synthesis that require very\nrapid but accurate evaluation of stellar properties, and in particular for use\nin combination with N-body codes. We describe a mass loss prescription that can\nbe used with these formulae and investigate the resulting stellar remnant\ndistribution.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001295"}
astro-ph/0001296
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{"Title": "H2 emission as a diagnostic of physical processes in starforming\n galaxies", "Authors": "Paul P. van der Werf", "Abstract": " Observations and interpretation of extragalactic rotational and rovibrational\nH2 emission are reviewed. Direct observations of H2 lines do not trace bulk H2\nmass, but excitation rate. As such, the H2 lines are unique diagnostics, if the\nexcitation mechanism can be determined, which generally requires high-quality\nspectroscopy and suitable additional data. The diagnostic power of the H2 lines\nis illustrated by two cases studies: H2 purely rotational line emission from\nthe disk of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC891 and high resolution imaging and\nspectroscopy of H2 vibrational line emision from the luminous merger NGC6240.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001296"}
astro-ph/0001297
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{"Title": "Are HVCs Produced in Galactic Fountains?", "Authors": "Miguel A. de Avillez", "Abstract": " Three-dimensional simulations of the disk-halo interaction show the formation\nof a thick HI and HII gas disk with different scale heights. The thick HI disk\nprevents the disk gas from expanding freely upwards, unless some highly\nenergetic event such as chimneys occurs, whereas the thick HII disk acts as a\ndisk-halo interaction region from where the hot ionized gas flows freely into\nthe halo.\n The upflowing gas reaches the maximum height at $z\\sim 9.3\\pm 1$ kpc becoming\nthermally unstable due to radiative losses, and condenses into HI clouds.\nBecause the major fraction of the gas is gravitationally bound to the Galaxy,\nthe cold gas returns to the disk. The descending clouds will have at some\nheight high velocities. In a period of 200 Myr of fountain evolution, some 10\npercent of the total number of clouds are HVCs.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001297"}
astro-ph/0001298
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{"Title": "Direct Distance Measurements to Superluminal Radio Sources", "Authors": "D. C. Homan and J. F. C. Wardle (Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA)", "Abstract": " We present a new technique for directly measuring the distances to\nsuperluminal radio sources. By comparing the observed proper motions of\ncomponents in a parsec scale radio jet to their measured Doppler factors, we\ncan deduce the distance to the radio source independent of the standard rungs\nin the cosmological distance ladder. This technique requires that the jet angle\nto the line of sight and the ratio of pattern to flow velocities are\nsufficiently constrained. We evaluate a number of possibilities for\nconstraining these parameters and demonstrate the technique on a well defined\ncomponent in the parsec scale jet of the quasar 3C279 (z = 0.536). We find an\nangular size distance to 3C279 of greater than 1.8 (+0.5,-0.3) n^{1/8} Gpc,\nwhere n is the ratio of the energy density in the magnetic field to the energy\ndensity in the radiating particles in that jet component. For an Einstein-de\nSitter Universe, this measurement would constrain the Hubble constant to be H <\n65 n^{-1/8} km/s/Mpc at the two sigma level. Similar measurements on higher\nredshift sources may help discriminate between cosmological models.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001298"}
astro-ph/0001299
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{"Title": "The X-ray Properties of z>4 Quasars", "Authors": "Shai Kaspi, W. N. Brandt and Donald P. Schneider (Pennsylvania State\n University)", "Abstract": " We report on a search for X-ray emission from quasars with redshifts greater\nthan four using the ROSAT public database. Our search has doubled the number of\nz>4 quasars detected in X-rays from 6 to 12. Most of those known prior to this\nwork were radio-loud and X-ray selected sources; our study increases the number\nof X-ray detected, optically selected z>4 quasars from one to seven. We present\ntheir basic X-ray properties and compare these to those of lower redshift\nquasars. We do not find any evidence for strong broad-band spectral differences\nbetween optically selected z>4 quasars and those at lower redshifts.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001299"}
astro-ph/0001300
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{"Title": "The Unique Potential of SKA Radio Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts", "Authors": "T.J. Galama (1) and A.G. De Bruyn (2,3)((1) Caltech, (2) Kapteyn\n Astronomical Institute, (3) NFRA)", "Abstract": " Radio observations with the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) provide the agility,\nsensitivity, and spectral coverage to trace the evolution of the size, shape\nand spectra of gamma-ray burst (GRB) remnants from the earliest moments on. In\nthe first hours to days after the burst a major, and unique tool, will be\nprovided through the study of dynamically evolving radio spectra, caused by\ndiffractive and refractive scintillation in the local ISM. Simultaneous\nobservations from optically thin to optically thick frequencies will provide\nstrong constraints on any model for the GRB remnant. SKA will also allow for\nextremely rapid (within minutes, if not seconds) follow-up observations by\nelectronic steering of the array. SKA observations have the sensitivity to\ndetect GRB afterglows out to redshifts of 10 or greater. They therefore allow\nstudies of the high redshift universe, and measure the massive star formation\n(and massive star death rate!) history of the universe, unbiased by optical\nobscuration. Wide field surveys may detect thousands of GRBs within a few days\nof observing (depending on the amount of collimation, the width of the GRB\nluminosity function, the number of GRBs like GRB 980425/SN 1998bw). There would\nbe new ones, but many more would be old, fading afterglows, allowing the\ndetermination of the multi-variate GRB-optical-radio luminosity function of\nGRBs. This should elucidate the relation of the `faint' ones, like GRB 980425,\nto the luminous ones like GRB 970508. Such surveys will also tell us whether\nGRB fireballs (and which ones) are collimated into jets.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001300"}