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13164905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrizio%20Gollin | Fabrizio Gollin | Fabrizio Gollin (born 28 March 1975 in Camposampiero, Province of Padua) is an Italian racing driver who shared the FIA GT Championship with Luca Cappellari in 2004 while driving for BMS Scuderia Italia. He also is a winner of the Spa 24 Hours in 2004 & 2007. In 2008 he is racing for the Phoenix Carsport Team in a Chevrolet Corvette C6-R, and raced in the Daytona 24 Hours for Doran Racing in a Ford Daytona Prototype.
Racing record
Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
References
External links
Fabrizio Gollin's homepage
FIA GT Championship - Fabrizio Gollin
1975 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Camposampiero
FIA GT Championship drivers
Italian racing drivers
International Formula 3000 drivers
British Formula 3000 Championship drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
European Le Mans Series drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
Aston Martin Racing drivers
Larbre Compétition drivers
Durango drivers
Piquet GP drivers
Scuderia Coloni drivers
Phoenix Racing drivers
Nürburgring 24 Hours drivers |
13164906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frullania%20nisquallensis | Frullania nisquallensis | Frullania nisquallensis, commonly known as hanging millipede liverwort, is a reddish-brown species of liverwort in the family Frullaniaceae. It is found in western Washington and British Columbia, including Vancouver Island. The plant grows in mats, sometimes in mats that hang from tree branches (particularly those of alders, or maples), or growing close to the substrate. The leaves are small (1 mm long) and flat, with the lower leaves being slightly smaller than those growing farther up the stem.
Secondary metabolites
This species contains the tridepside compound tenuiron, and the sesquiterpenes (-)-frullanolide and costunolide, the latter of which has been shown to be damaging to DNA.
References
Frullaniaceae |
13164913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyr%20%28publisher%29 | Pyr (publisher) | Pyr was the science fiction and fantasy imprint of Prometheus Books, launched in March 2005 with the publication of John Meaney's Paradox. In November 2018 it was sold to Start Publishing.
Prometheus Books' name was derived from Prometheus, the Titan from Greek mythology who gave fire to humans. The name Pyr, the Greek word for fire, was chosen to continue this connection to fire and the liveliness of imagination.
Lou Anders served as Pyr's editorial director from its inception until 2014.
Authors published
Joe Abercrombie
Fiona Avery
Michael Blumlein
Keith Brooke
Storm Constantine
Jack Dann
Gardner Dozois
David Louis Edelman
K.D. Edwards
Charles Coleman Finlay
Alan Dean Foster
Mark Hodder
K. V. Johansen
Kay Kenyon
Alexis Glynn Latner
Scott Mackay
Ian McDonald
John Meaney
Michael Moorcock
Mike Resnick
Chris Roberson
Adam Roberts
Justina Robson
Joel Shepherd
Robert Silverberg
Martin Sketchley
Adrian Tchaikovsky
David Walton
Sean Williams
George Zebrowski
Awards and nominations
2011 John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel winner: Ian McDonald The Dervish House
2011 Hugo Award for Best Novel nominee: Ian McDonald The Dervish House
2011 Arthur C. Clarke Award nominee: Ian McDonald The Dervish House
2011 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel nominee: Ian McDonald The Dervish House
2010 Philip K. Dick Award: Mark Hodder The Strange Affair of Spring Heeled Jack
2010 British Science Fiction Award for Best Novel winner: Ian McDonald The Dervish House
2010 British Science Fiction Award for Best Novel nominee: Ken MacLeod The Restoration Game
2010 John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel nominee: Paul J. McAuley Gardens of the Sun
2010 World Fantasy Award for Best Novel nominee: James Enge Blood of Ambrose
2009 Chesley Award for Best Art Director: Lou Anders
2009 Philip K. Dick Award nominee: Ian McDonald Cyberabad Days
2009 Arthur C. Clarke Award nominee: Paul J. McAuley The Quiet War
2008 Hugo Award for Best Novel nominee: Ian McDonald Brasyl
2008 Nebula Award for Best Novel nominee: Ian McDonald Brasyl
2008 John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel nominee: Ian McDonald Brasyl
2008 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel nominee: Ian McDonald Brasyl
2008 Hugo Award for Best Editor Long Form, nominee: Lou Anders
2008 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer nominee: Joe Abercrombie
2008 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer nominee: David Louis Edelman
2008 Philip K. Dick Award nominee: Lou Anders Fast Forward 2
2007 British Science Fiction Award for Best Novel winner: Ian McDonald Brasyl
2007 Philip K. Dick Award nominee: Adam Roberts Gradisil
2007 Arthur C. Clarke Award nominee: Adam Roberts Gradisil
2007 Quill Award nominee: Ian McDonald, Brasyl
2007 Hugo Award for Best Editor Long Form nominee: Lou Anders
2007 Chesley Award for Best Art Director nominee: Lou Anders
2006 World Fantasy Award - Special Award, Professional nominee: Lou Anders
2006 John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Novel nominee: David Louis Edelman, Infoquake
2006 Independent Publisher Book Award winner: John Meaney, Paradox
2005 Philip K Dick Award nominee: Justina Robson, Silver Screen
2006 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer nominee: Chris Roberson
2005 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer nominee: Chris Roberson
2005 World Fantasy Award - Best Artist, for Pyr covers nominee: Jeremy Caniglia
Further recommendations and endorsements
Kay Kenyon, Bright of the Sky - selected as one of PW's Best Books of the Year for 2007.
Ian McDonald, Brasyl - selected as the number two title in Amazon's Best Books of 2007 - Top 10 Editors' Picks: Science Fiction & Fantasy for 2007.
Ian McDonald, Brasyl - selected as one of Amazon's Best of the Year, So Far: Hidden Gems for 2007.
Locus magazine Recommended Reading: 2006 : Joe Abercrombie - The Blade Itself, Justina Robson - Keeping It Real
Pyr Books included in the B&N Editor's Choice: Top Ten SF&F Novels of 2006: David Louis Edelman - Infoquake (#1), Sean Williams - The Crooked Letter, John Meaney - Resolution
2 Pyr Books included in Waterstone's Top Ten SF for 2006: Joel Shepherd - Crossover, Chris Roberson - Paragaea: A Planetary Romance
3 Pyr Books included in Bookgasm's Top Five SciFi Books of 2006 - Ian McDonald - River of Gods (#1), Joel Shepherd - Crossover, David Louis Edelman - Infoquake
Sean Williams, The Hanging Mountains selected as a BookSense Notable Book for July
Kay Kenyon, Bright of the Sky - one of four novels selected by ReaderCon "the con that assigns homework" for their attendees to read pre-convention
Justina Robson, Silver Screen selected for Kirkus Reviews Best SF&F Books of 2005
John Meaney, Paradox - #2 on Barnes & Noble's Editor's Choice: Top Ten SF&F Novels of 2005
References
External links
PYR website
Prometheus Books – Official website
Pyromania - the Pyr blog
WWEnd Publisher Profile for Pyr
American speculative fiction publishers
Book publishing companies based in New York (state)
Science fiction publishers
Prometheus Books
Publishing companies established in 2005 |
13164915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purang%20Town | Purang Town | Purang or Burang, known as Puhreng in Tibetan (, IPA: puʂeŋ), (Nepali:ताक्लाकोट) is a town which serves as the administrative center of Purang County, Ngari Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), China. The town lies at an altitude of 3,900m (12,795 feet) in the valley of the Karnali River. The town spans an area of , and has a permanent population 6,047 as of 2010, and a hukou population of 4,477 as of 2018. To the south are Gurla Mandhata (Mount Namonanyi) and the Abi Gamin ranges. Lake Manasarovar and Mount Kailash are to the north. This region is the mythological and actual river nexus of the Himalaya with sources of the Indus, Ganges and Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra all within of Purang.
Etymology
The Tibetan name of the town (spu hreng) is a corruption of the Zhang-zhung words pu hrang, meaning 'horse head'. Nepalese call the town Taklakot from Tibetan 'Takla Khar' (). Takla Khar means Tiger Hill Castle, which is the name of a historic Zhang-zhung fortress in the county.
Saryu Karnali River's Peacock Mouth source is glaciers on the northern slopes of the Himalaya NW of Purang. The Lion Mouth source of the Indus is east of Mount Kailash and the Elephant Mouth is the source of the Sutlej. Lake Manasarovar is just 2 km from few of the Sarayu heads, and has an ephemeral connection to Rakshastal. The Horse Mouth source of the Yarlung Tsanpo (Brahmaputra) is about 90 km. (55 mi.) SE of Lake Manasarovar.
History and religion
Purang is an ancient trading post. Indian and Nepali communities residing in the mountainous parts of India and Nepal bordering the Purang county have for many generations conducted trade with Tibetan communities at Purang. But the conditions under which this trade presently happens are significantly different from those prevailing before the mid-twentieth century. The government of Nepal issues special border area passes to its citizens who are bona-fide residents of the border district of Humla, which enables them to seek seasonal work in Purang.
On a cliff above the town was the large ancient fort of Tegla Kar (Lying Tiger Fort) and Simbiling Monastery (both totally destroyed in 1967 by Chinese artillery during the Cultural Revolution, but the monastery has since been partially restored). Beneath them is the Tsegu Gompa or the "Nine-Storey Monastery" which was probably originally a Bön establishment. Tsegu covers many terraces and may be reached by ladders, and contains many unique and ancient wall-painting, darkened from centuries of smoke. It seems that the Tegla kar (Lying Tiger fort) was built during the Zhangzhung dynasty which was conquered by the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo in the early 7th century CE. It became the main fort of the Purang Kingdom, in the 10th century under King Kori, one of the two sons of Tashi Gon, King of the Guge Kingdom. The Purang kingdom is believed to have ended in the 15th century. In addition, Purang is said to be the place where Sudhana, a previous incarnation of the Buddha, lived.
Purang is the gateway town for travel to Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar to the north. These are important destinations for Bon, Buddhist, Hindu, Jain and even New Age pilgrims. Traditional cosmology designates Mount Kailash the center of the universe. Great religious merit is attributed to parikrama around the mountain, and to bathing in Lake Manasarovar.
Administrative divisions
The town is divided into six village-level divisions:
Kyitang/Jirang Community (, )
Toyo/Doyou (, )
Rikug/Rengong (, )
Zhidé/Xide (, )
Khorchak/Kejia (, ), and
Tridé/Chide (, )
The town's government is seated in the Jirang Neighborhood Committee.
Demographics
As of 2018, the town has a hukou population of 4,477.
Per the 2010 Chinese Census, the town has a permanent population of 6,047, up from 5,026 in the 2000 Chinese Census.
A 1996 estimate placed the town's population at 4,700.
Transport
Air
Ali Pulan Airport opened in December 2023 and is a dual-use military-civilian airport that serves the town.
Road
National Road S207 starts in Purang, heading NE past Lake Rakshastal and Manasarovar to China National Highway 219.
Border crossings
Purang is near the borders with India and Nepal. A road leads some down the Karnali River to the border crossing at the village of Xie'erwa (Tibetan: Sher) into Hilsa in Nepal (Humla District, Karnali Zone) where a historic trail and now a rough motor road continuing to Simikot. There is also a border crossing into India (Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand State) over Lipulekh Pass.
Geography and climate
Purang has a cold arid climate (Köppen BWk), with long, cold winters and mild summers. The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from in January to in July, and the annual mean is . Annual precipitation is only around .
References
Bibliography
External links
Purang: a region joining Tibet, Nepal, and India (Kailashzone Charitable Foundation)
Photos of Taklakot
Populated places in Ngari Prefecture
Township-level divisions of Tibet
China–Nepal border crossings |
13164926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Nero | Pseudo-Nero | After the emperor Nero committed suicide near the villa of his freedman Phaon in June of 68 AD, various Nero impostors appeared between the autumn of 69 AD and the reign of the emperor Domitian. Most scholars set the number of Nero impostors to two or three, although St. Augustine wrote of the popularity of the belief that Nero would return in his day, known as the Nero Redivivus legend. In addition to the three documented Pseudo-Neros, Suetonius refers to imperial edicts forged in the dead Nero's name that encouraged his followers and promised his imminent return to avenge himself on his enemies.
Due to the short-lived success of the Nero impostors and Nero's incorporation into eschatological literature, the belief in Nero's imminent return lasted for centuries. Lion Feuchtwanger wrote a historical novel published in 1936 based on the second known Pseudo-Nero, Terentius Maximus, entitled Der falsche Nero.
Source of legend
Belief in Nero's survival may be attributed in part to the obscure location of his death, although, according to Suetonius, Galba's freedman Icelus saw the dead emperor's body and reported back to his master. Nero was also denied the lavish burial that was accorded to popular emperors and members of the imperial family, which may have left those plebeians who loved him dissatisfied and suspicious. Furthermore, he was not buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus with the other Julio-Claudian emperors, but in a tomb on the Pincian Hill at the family burial place of the Domitii Ahenobarbi. The postmortem popularity of Nero among the Roman plebeians inspired them to lay flowers at his tomb.
Another possible source of inspiration for those who impersonated Nero was the circulation of prophecies that predicted he would regain his kingdom in the East. One version placed his resurgence at Jerusalem. These prophecies have been tied to Nero's natal chart, which has been interpreted as pointing to a loss of his patrimony and its recovery in the East. Tacitus may have been referring to such prophecies in veiled language when he wrote of the rumors that circulated about Nero after his death, which had contributed to the belief that he had survived. The return of Nero may have inspired the author of the Book of Revelation when he wrote about the eschatological opponent called the Beast, which is mortally wounded and then miraculously heals. The number of the Beast, 666 or 616, depending on the manuscript, has been identified by some as the numerical value of the letters in Nero's name. Nero also appears more explicitly in this role in the Ascension of Isaiah and some of the books of the Sibylline Oracles. Owing to these prophecies and others, Nero was long thought to be the Antichrist.
First Impostor
The first Pseudo-Nero appeared in the autumn of 68 AD or the early winter of 69 AD in the Roman province of Achaia, today modern Greece. Nero had recently visited Greece (66–67 AD) to participate in its Panhellenic Games, and this may account for some of the support the impostor received. Tacitus attributed the whole phenomenon to the gullibility and restive nature of the Greeks, whom he seems to have disliked. The impostor, according to Tacitus, was either a slave from Pontus, or a freedman from Italy. The historian does not reveal much about the early career of the impostor, except to say that the Pseudo-Nero gathered around him a group of army deserters and then set out to sea.
The impostor's group was blown by storm to the island of Kythnos, one of the lesser islands of the Cyclades, which had only one community worthy of the appellation polis in antiquity—the city of Cythnus. Here he supposedly engaged in piracy by waylaying merchants, stealing their cargo, and arming their slaves. Cythnus was long known as a popular base for pirates. The false Nero also made appeals to bring Roman soldiers en route to Italy over to his growing armed force. Nero's successor Galba probably assigned Lucius Nonius Calpurnius Asprenas with the task of hunting down the impostor on his way to take up the governorship of the province of Galatia and Pamphylia. With information provided by naval captains that the Pseudo-Nero had attempted to seduce to his side, Asprenas ordered his soldiers to storm the ship and kill the impostor. Asprenas then sent the head of the impostor on a tour of Asia and then on to Rome.
Second Impostor
The second pseudo-Nero appeared during the reign of Titus. He was an Asiatic named Terentius Maximus and also sang to the accompaniment of the lyre and looked like Nero. He gained a great number of followers across the Euphrates to Parthia. He later fled to Parthia and tried to gain their support by claiming that they owed him some requital for the return of Armenia. Artabanus III, the Parthian King, out of anger towards Titus, both received him and made preparations to restore him to Rome. He was executed when his true identity was revealed.
Third Impostor
The third pseudo-Nero appeared twenty years after Nero's death, during the reign of Domitian. Supported by the Parthians, they hardly could be persuaded to give him up and the matter almost came to war.
Lindsey Davis wrote The Third Nero, a historical mystery, based on this episode.
See also
False Dmitry
Nero Redivivus legend
References
Impostor pretenders
Nero |
13164927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyocera%20Slider%20Sonic | Kyocera Slider Sonic | The Virgin Mobile Slider Sonic (KX5B), is a Mobile phone made by Kyocera, and the successor to the Virgin Mobile Slider. The Slider Sonic is a music-oriented phone aimed at teens.
Features include:
Music player that supports WMA and MP3 audio formats
Free embedded music videos from Seether, Submersed and Breaking Benjamin
Access to thousands of Superphonic Ringtones (real-music ringtones)
Downloadable instant messaging through AOL
Video recorder with playback
Camera phone with flash and two-way picture messaging
Exclusive *MTV content
WAP 2.0 browser
Text messaging
Kyocera SE44
The Kyocera SE44, referred to as the Kyocera Slider, is the first slider-style phone from Kyocera.
Other technical data include:
Form Factor: Slider
Extendable Antenna
Battery Life: Talk: 4 hours, Standby: 180 hours
Carriers
The phone has been distributed in North America by the following carriers:
Alltel (United States)
Bell Mobility (Canada)
Cricket Communications (United States)
US Cellular (United States)
Verizon Wireless (United States)
Virgin Mobile (United States)
Kyocera SE47
The Kyocera SE47 is the Slider model that was released as a digital only version. The SE44 was later released as a tri-mode option.
External links
Kyocera Slider Sonic official page
Kyocera Slider official page
Slider Sonic Virgin Mobile page
Kyocera mobile phones |
13164938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekend%2C%20Italian%20Style | Weekend, Italian Style | L'ombrellone or Weekend, Italian Style is a 1966 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Dino Risi. It was co-produced with Spain and France. The soundtrack is full of Italian Pop songs from the 1960s.
Plot
Ferragosto in Rome. Everybody is on holidays on the beach, except Enrico Marletti (Enrico Maria Salerno), who spends the week working. On the weekends, he drives to Rimini to meet his wife Giuliana (Sandra Milo), but she is living her dolce vita (sweet life) and her husband is out of place amidst her chic friends.
Cast
Sandra Milo: Giuliana Marletti
Enrico Maria Salerno: Enrico Marletti
Jean Sorel: Sergio
Daniela Bianchi: Isabella Dominici
Lelio Luttazzi: Conte Antonio Bellanca
Raffaele Pisu: Pasqualino
Leopoldo Trieste: professor. Ferri
Trini Alonso: Clelia Valdameri
Alicia Brandet: Vicina di stanza
Véronique Vendell: Giuliana
Pepe Calvo: Mr. Tagliaferri
Antonella Della Porta: Miss De Rossi
Solvi Stubing: Miss Marini
External links
1966 films
Films set in Italy
Films set in Rome
Films set in Emilia-Romagna
Films shot in Rome
Italian comedy-drama films
Spanish comedy-drama films
French comedy-drama films
1960s Italian-language films
1966 comedy-drama films
Commedia all'italiana
Films directed by Dino Risi
1960s Italian films
1960s French films |
13164948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Fenwick | Paul Fenwick | Paul Joseph Fenwick (born 25 August 1969) is a Canadian retired international soccer player. Born in England, he made 33 appearances for the Canada national team. He later worked as a physiotherapist with the Canada national team.
Club career
Fenwick played in Canada for Club Roma, Hamilton Steelers and Winnipeg Fury, in England for Birmingham City, and in Scotland for Dunfermline Athletic, St Mirren, Greenock Morton, Raith Rovers (on loan) and Hibernian. On 30 April 2012, he was inducted into the St. Catharines Sports Hall of Fame.
International career
Fenwick made his debut for Canada in a June 1994 friendly match against the Netherlands and went on to earn a total of 33 caps, scoring no goals. He has represented Canada in 6 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played in the 1996, 2000 and the 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cups.
His final international was a November 2003 friendly match against Ireland.
Honours
Canada
CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2000
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from London
English emigrants to Canada
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Men's association football defenders
Canadian men's soccer players
CONCACAF Gold Cup-winning players
Canada men's international soccer players
St. Catharines Roma Wolves players
Hamilton Steelers (1981–1992) players
Winnipeg Fury players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
St Mirren F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Raith Rovers F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. players
Canadian National Soccer League players
Canadian Soccer League (1987–1992) players
English Football League players
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Premier League players
1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Canadian expatriate men's soccer players
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in England
Kitchener Spirit players |
13164961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Hutchinson%20Island | North Hutchinson Island | North Hutchinson Island is a coastal barrier island in Indian River and St. Lucie counties on the east coast of Florida in the United States. The island is adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and is separated from the mainland on the west by the Indian River Lagoon. The portion of the island in Indian River County is known as Orchid Island.
Description
North Hutchinson Island is an Atlantic barrier island located on Florida's Treasure Coast approximately north of Fort Lauderdale. The island extends from the Sebastian Inlet on the north to the Fort Pierce Inlet on the south, and is about long. It has an area of .
The island was once included with the barrier island (Hutchinson Island) to the south as "Hutchinson Island", even though the Fort Pierce Inlet split it into two islands. In 1985, Indian River County renamed its portion of the island "Orchid Island", to distinguish it from the high density development occurring on Hutchinson Island in St. Lucie County.
State Road A1A is the main road for the length of the island, and four bridges provide access to the mainland. For most of its length, A-1-A is known as Atlantic Beach Boulevard. North Hutchinson Island has many county and state parks and preserves, and is one of the few areas on the east coast of Florida with several accreting (growing) beaches.
A number of restaurants, hotels and shops are located on, or easily accessible to the island. Activities on North Hutchinson Island include fishing, snorkeling, boating, kayaking, hiking, biking, surfing, parasurfing, paddleboarding, and wildlife observation. On the northern end of the island is Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge, the nation's first refuge was established by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1903 with over of protected waters and lands. Avalon State Park located on A-1-A near the St. Lucie County line provides a number of recreational opportunities and its beach is used by visitors for swimming, snorkeling, surfing, and scuba diving. The area ecosystem provides a habitat for varied marine wildlife including manatees, dolphins, sea turtles, many species of fish, and birds.
Communities
The city of Vero Beach lies on both sides of the Indian River, with its main business and residential areas on the mainland. Two of the island's four bridges from the mainland lie within the city limits. Other communities on the island include the towns of Indian River Shores and Orchid, and the census-designated places of South Beach, Wabasso Beach and Windsor.
Parks and protected areas
Avalon State Park, north of Fort Pierce Inlet State Park.
Fort Pierce Inlet State Park
Sebastian Inlet State Park is located at the north end of Orchid Island and extends across the Sebastian Inlet into Brevard County.
Jack Island State Preserve, on the west side of A-1-A, north of Pepper Park Beachside.
Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, on the northern end of the island. The refuge was established for the protection of sea turtles.
Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge is located in the Indian River Lagoon north of Windsor.
Pepper Park Beachside, is a St. Lucie County park on the southern end of North Hutchinson Island along A-1-A. It has fishing piers and public beach access with picnic facilities.
Riverside Park is an Indian River County park located at the foot of the Merrill Barber Bridge on the island side. This location hosts the Vero Beach Art Museum, the Riverside Theatre and the Riverside Children's Theatre.
Round Island Park is an Indian River County park that abuts the county line on the south and runs from the ocean to the river.
Sites of interest
Sites of interest on/near North Hutchinson Island include:
In Sebastian Inlet State Park:
McLarty Treasure Museum
Site of camp used by survivors and salvagers of the wrecks of the 1715 Spanish Treasure Fleet.
Sebastian Fishing Museum
National Navy UDT-SEAL Museum, on the east side of A-1-A just south of Pepper Park Beachside. (3300 N A1A)
The Driftwood Inn and Waldo's Restaurant, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, at Sexton Park on the Atlantic Ocean.
Disney's Vero Beach Resort, in Wabasso Beach.
References
External links
Riverside Theatre
Atlantic Coast barrier islands of Florida
Indian River Lagoon
Islands of St. Lucie County, Florida
Beaches of St. Lucie County, Florida
Port St. Lucie metropolitan area
Islands of Florida |
13164978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%27s%2022nd%20congressional%20district | Illinois's 22nd congressional district | The 22nd congressional district of Illinois was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in Illinois. It was eliminated as a result of the 1990 census. It was last represented by Glenn Poshard who was redistricted into the 19th district.
List of members representing the district
References
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
Former congressional districts of the United States
22
1895 establishments in Illinois
Constituencies established in 1895
1993 disestablishments in Illinois
Constituencies disestablished in 1993 |
13164984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%27s%2024th%20congressional%20district | Illinois's 24th congressional district | The 24th congressional district of Illinois was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in Illinois. It was eliminated as a result of the redistricting cycle after the 1980 census. It was last represented by Paul Simon who was redistricted into the 22nd district.
List of members representing the district
Electoral history
1980 – 1972
1970 – 1962
1960 – 1952
1950 – 1942
1940 – 1932
1930 – 1922
1920 – 1912
1910 – 1902
References
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
Former congressional districts of the United States
24
1903 establishments in Illinois
Constituencies established in 1903
1983 disestablishments in Illinois
Constituencies disestablished in 1983 |
13164989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renardo%20Foster | Renardo Foster | Renardo Sontonio Foster (born July 15, 1984) is a former American football offensive tackle. He was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at Louisville.
Foster has also been a member of the New Orleans Saints and Florida Tuskers.
Professional career
As a rookie in 2007, Foster played in seven games with two starts for the Atlanta Falcons. He was placed on injured reserve on October 24, 2007, due to a knee injury. He was placed on the physically-unable-to-perform list on July 25, 2008. He was waived on June 16, 2009.
Foster was claimed off waivers by the St. Louis Rams on June 19, 2009. He was waived on September 4.
Foster was added to the Saints' practice squad on September 30, 2009. He was released on October 13 and re-signed to the practice squad on October 16. He was released again on December 23.
In 2010, Foster had another stint with the Rams, this time playing in 10 games with one start.
Personal life
Foster's younger brother Ramon Foster was a guard for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 2009 to 2019.
References
External links
Louisville Cardinals bio
1984 births
Living people
People from Ripley, Tennessee
Players of American football from Tennessee
American football offensive tackles
American football offensive guards
Louisville Cardinals football players
Atlanta Falcons players
St. Louis Rams players
New Orleans Saints players
Florida Tuskers players |
13164993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20diplomatic%20missions%20of%20Syria | List of diplomatic missions of Syria | This is a list of diplomatic missions of the Syrian Arab Republic, not including honorary consulates.
Africa
Algiers (Embassy)
Cairo (Embassy)
Tripoli (Embassy)
Benghazi (Consulate General)
Nouakchott (Embassy)
Abuja (Embassy)
Dakar (Embassy)
Pretoria (Embassy)
Khartoum (Embassy)
Dar es Salaam (Embassy)
Tunis (Embassy)
Americas
Buenos Aires (Embassy)
Brasília (Embassy)
São Paulo (Consulate-General)
Santiago de Chile (Embassy)
Havana (Embassy)
Caracas (Embassy)
Asia
Yerevan (Embassy)
Manama (Embassy)
Beijing (Embassy)
New Delhi (Embassy)
Jakarta (Embassy)
Tehran (Embassy)
Baghdad (Embassy)
Tokyo (Embassy)
Amman (Embassy)
Kuwait City (Embassy)
Beirut (Embassy)
Kuala Lumpur (Embassy)
Pyongyang (Embassy)
Muscat (Embassy)
Islamabad (Embassy)
Riyadh (Embassy)
Abu Dhabi (Embassy)
Dubai (Consulate-General)
Sanaa (Embassy)
Europe
Vienna (Embassy)
Minsk (Embassy)
Brussels (Embassy)
Sofia (Embassy)
Nicosia (Embassy)
Prague (Embassy)
Athens (Embassy)
Paris (Embassy)
Berlin (Embassy)
Budapest (Embassy)
Warsaw (Embassy)
Bucharest (Embassy)
Moscow (Embassy)
Belgrade (Embassy)
Madrid (Embassy)
Stockholm (Embassy)
Geneva (Consulate-General)
Istanbul (Consulate-General)
Multilateral organisations
Brussels (Mission to the European Union)
Cairo (Permanent Mission to the Arab League)
Geneva (Permanent Missions to the United Nations and other International Organizations)
New York City (Permanent Mission to the United Nations, also served as Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United States)
Paris (Permanent Missions to UNESCO)
Rome (Permanent Mission to the Food and Agriculture Organization)
The Hague (Permanent Representation to the OPCW)
Vienna (Permanent Mission to the United Nations)
Gallery
Non-resident diplomatic missions
See also
Foreign relations of Syria
List of diplomatic missions in Syria
Syrian passport
Visa policy of Syria
References
External links
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Syria
List of Syrian Embassies
Embassy of Syria in Canberra, Australia
Embassy of Syria in Ottawa, Canada
Embassy of Syria in London, United Kingdom
Embassy of Syria in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diplomatic missions
Syria |
13164997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%27s%2020th%20congressional%20district | Illinois's 20th congressional district | The 20th congressional district of Illinois was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in Illinois. It was eliminated as a result of the 2000 census. It was last represented by John Shimkus who was redistricted into the 19th district.
List of members representing the district
References
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
20
Former congressional districts of the United States
1883 establishments in Illinois
Constituencies established in 1883
2003 disestablishments in Illinois
Constituencies disestablished in 2003
Dick Durbin |
13165000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%27s%2021st%20congressional%20district | Illinois's 21st congressional district | The 21st congressional district of Illinois was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in Illinois. It was eliminated as a result of the 1990 census. It was last represented by Jerry Costello who was redistricted into the 12th district.
List of members representing the district
References
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
Former congressional districts of the United States
21
21st congressional district
Constituencies established in 1895
21st congressional district
Constituencies disestablished in 1993 |
13165008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%27s%2023rd%20congressional%20district | Illinois's 23rd congressional district | The 23rd congressional district of Illinois was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in Illinois. It was eliminated as a result of the redistricting cycle after the 1980 census. It was last represented by Melvin Price who was redistricted into the 21st district.
List of members representing the district
Electoral history
1920 – 1912
1910 – 1902
References
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
Former congressional districts of the United States
23
1903 establishments in Illinois
Constituencies established in 1903
1983 disestablishments in Illinois
Constituencies disestablished in 1983 |
13165024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964%E2%80%9365%20Divizia%20A | 1964–65 Divizia A | The 1964–65 Divizia A was the forty-seventh season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.
Teams
League table
Results
Positions by round
Top goalscorers
Champion squad
See also
1964–65 Divizia B
1964–65 Divizia C
1964–65 Regional Championship
1964–65 Cupa României
References
Liga I seasons
Romania
1964–65 in Romanian football |
13165030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20diplomatic%20missions%20in%20Portugal | List of diplomatic missions in Portugal | This article lists diplomatic missions resident in Portugal. At present, the capital city of Lisbon hosts 86 embassies. In addition are consulates in Porto and other major cities. As Lisbon is also the seat of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), a few of the organization's member-states maintain permanent missions to it, separate from their respective embassies.
Several countries have ambassadors accredited to Portugal, with most being resident in Paris.
This listing omits honorary consulates.
Diplomatic missions in Lisbon
Other delegations, missions and consulates-general in Lisbon
Consulates in Portugal
Permanent Missions to the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) in Lisbon
Non-resident embassies
Resident in Brussels, Belgium
Resident in London, United Kingdom
Resident in Paris, France
Resident in Rome, Italy
Resident elsewhere
(Rabat)
(The Hague)
(The Hague)
(Rabat)
(Geneva)
(Bern)
(New York City)
(Tallinn)
(Podgorica)
(Ljubljana)
(San Marino)
Closed missions
See also
Foreign relations of Portugal
List of diplomatic missions of Portugal
References
External links
Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
List
Portugal
Diplomatic missions
Community of Portuguese Language Countries |
13165036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langbourn | Langbourn | Langbourn is one of the 25 ancient wards of the City of London. It reputedly is named after a buried stream in the vicinity.
It is a small ward; a long thin area, running in a west–east direction. Historically, Lombard Street and Fenchurch Street were the principal streets, forming the cores of the ward's West and East divisions respectively. Boundary changes in 2003 and 2013 have resulted in most of the northern sides of these streets remaining in Langbourn, whilst the southern sides are now largely in the wards of Candlewick, Bridge, Billingsgate and Tower. Three changes to the boundaries of Langbourn took place in 2013; all of the southern side of Lombard Street, with the notable exception of the guild - or ward - church of St Mary Woolnoth, is in Candlewick (from 2003 to 2013 Candlewick extended only to Abchurch Lane); the ward of Walbrook now includes the northern side of Lombard Street from number 68 to Bank junction. In turn, Langbourn expanded by taking another part of Leadenhall Market, from Lime Street ward.
The ward at present borders eight other wards (Walbrook, Candlewick, Bridge, Billingsgate, Tower, Aldgate, Lime Street, and Cornhill); historically no other City ward bordered so many neighbours.
The ward encompasses a large area of Leadenhall Market and two historic churches: St. Mary Woolnoth and St. Edmund's. Historically, the ward also contained four other churches: St Nicholas Acons (destroyed in the Great Fire 1666), All Hallows Staining (demolished 1870), St. Dionis Backchurch (1878), and All Hallows Lombard Street (1939). It has its own club for ward officials, City workers and residents and newsletter.
Politics
Langbourn is one of 25 wards of the City of London, electing an alderman to the Court of Aldermen and three councilmen (the City equivalent of a councillor) to the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation. Only electors who are a freeman of the City of London are eligible to stand.
Lost River
The 1598 Survey of London records the course of the Langbourn river. The entry notes that the Langbourne had ceased to flow by the time the entry was written. "Langborne water so called of the length thereof, was a greate streame of water breaking out of the ground, in Fan Church streete [Fenchurch St], which ran downe with a swift course, west, through that streete, thwart Grastreet [Gracechurch Street] and downe Lombardestreete [Lombard Street], to the west ende of S. Mary Woolnothes Church, and then turning the course South downe Shareborne lane [Sherbourne Lane], so termed of sharing or deviding, it brake into divers rilles or rillets to the River of Thames, of this Bourne that warde tooke the name, and is till this day called Langborne warde, this Bourne also is long since stopped up at the heade and the rest of the course filled up and paved over, so that no signe thereof remaineth more then the names aforesaide."The John Stowe's 1598 Survey of London records the street name Sharebourne Lane and attributes its origin to the dividing of the stream at this point. Henry Harben's 1918 Dictionary of London asserts that Stowe's explanation "must be left out of account as a possible derivation, inasmuch as it ignores the earliest forms of the name to be found." It goes on to list "Shitteborwelane," "Shiteburn lane," "Shiteb(ur)uelane" and "Shiteburlane as forms of the name recorded around 1300 AD. Harben goes on to state that: "The first syllable " shitte," " shite," "schite," presents considerable difficulty, and it is hard to See from what A.S. [Anglo Saxon] word it can be derived, as the suggested derivation from A. S. "scir "= a share, "sciran "= to divide, seems to leave the "t" out of account. The word "borwe," "borue" suggests O.E. "burh," "burgh," "borough," rather than "burn" or "bourne," as the original form. "Burgh "= fortress, walled town, later perhaps "a mansion," "fortified house." Later commentators have made the conclusion that the modern english translation is either "Shit House Lane" or "Shite Bourne Lane" and refers to public latrines that were placed over the river.
Nicholas Barton, in his 1962 book "Lost Rivers of London" lists the Langbourn in his chapter on "Dubious Lost Rivers" for three reasons:
"It does not fit in with the contours, and actually involves the proposed stream's flowing uphill to the extent of three feet, both in the ancient and modern ground levels."
"During the construction of the Gracechurch Street sewer the builders specifically looked for it and found no traces."
"Stow more or less admits that he himself has nothing more to go on than the name."
References
External links
Map of Early Modern London: Langbourn Ward - Historical Map and Encyclopedia of Shakespeare's London (Scholarly)
Ward Club
Wards of the City of London |
13165044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20National%20Caucus | Irish National Caucus | The Irish National Caucus (INC) is an Irish-American lobby group. It was founded by Father Sean Gabriel McManus on February 6, 1974, at a meeting of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. The lobby group was formed to counterbalance British influences in the United States Congress and government, at a time when Northern Ireland was engulfed in violence. The situation was complicated, as Britain and the USA were allied in NATO during the Cold War against the Soviet Union, which collaborated with some Irish republican elements.
In the 1976 presidential race, Democratic challenger Jimmy Carter approached the INC in an effort to attract votes from a group, stating his belief that "it is a mistake for our country's government to stand quiet on the struggle of the Irish for peace, for the respect of human rights, and for unifying Ireland." On election, Carter did take a stronger position in the conflict.
One of the INC's main activities is lobbying for the MacBride Principles, a manifesto promulgated by the Caucus and written by its founder, Father McManus. The manifesto demands the cooperation of US companies doing business in Northern Ireland in fighting alleged discrimination and abuses there.
Related organizations
The Irish National Caucus also operated a registered political action committee under the name INC Irish PAC, also coordinated by Father McManus. The PAC is currently defunct; its last Federal Election Commission filings were in 2002. The PAC was relatively minor, drawing only a couple of major donors.
In September 1997, the INC formed a tax-exempt charitable organization, the Irish Peace Foundation, to support "a non-violent solution in Ireland."
The group was thought in the 1980s by the Irish and British Governments to be linked to NORAID, which was in turn thought to be the American front organisation of the Provisional IRA.
Endorsements
In the 2000 New York Senate race, INC leader Father McManus and the INC PAC endorsed then-First Lady Hillary Clinton, drawing a rebuke from New York Cardinal John O'Connor for supporting a pro-choice candidate. McManus explained that the PAC supported candidates solely based on their support for Northern Ireland (i.e., against the existence of Northern Ireland), not their other positions.
References
External links
Irish National Caucus website
Irish-American history
Lobbying organizations in the United States
Political parties and organisations of the Irish diaspora |
13165057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cawarong | Cawarong | Cawarong or Tsawarong (; ) is a township in Zayü County, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It lies at an altitude of 2,003 metres (6,574 feet). Formerly known as Tsarung, it was traditionally a southern gateway and trade route into Tibet from Yunnan, forming part of the tea-horse road ( Chá-Mǎ Gǔdào). It is a very arid area with little rainfall. An unsealed road cut into the cliffs above the Nu River links it to Bingzhongluo in Yunnan. Cawarong is a major step on the Khora of the Khawa Karpo.
Government
Its Chinese zoning code is 542626202.
Subdivisions
The town comprises 28 villages: Hongdong Village, Zharan Village, Gangzang Village, Zuobu Village, Qianzhongwa Village, Kangran Village, Songta Village, Abing Village, Zhan Village, Changxi Village, and Chuni Village, Kadi Village, Gerri Village, Laka Village, Buba Village, Babu Village, Gongka Village, Guoda Village, Muba Village, Mengzha Village, Shabu Village, LP Village, Zalang Village, Deng Xu Village, Xueba Village, Zhula Village, Wabu Village, and Gebu Village.
See also
List of towns and villages in Tibet
Notes
External links and references
Photoblog of Chawalong visit
Populated places in Nyingchi |
13165076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udo%20Lehmann | Udo Lehmann | Udo Lehmann (born 28 May 1973) is a German bobsledder who competed from 1994 to 2004. He won two medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships with a gold in 2004 and a bronze in 1995.
References
Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930
FIBT profile
1973 births
German male bobsledders
Living people |
13165081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman%2C%20Ontario | Coleman, Ontario | Coleman is a township municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is situated in the Timiskaming District of Northeastern Ontario. The township had a population of 595 in the Canada 2016 Census.
It is located along Highway 11 and 11-B.
History
The community was first formed around 1906. The township is named after geologist A. P. Coleman, who did extensive work in the region in the late 1800s. Coleman also mapped the Sudbury Basin, leading to important nickel discoveries, and proved conclusively that the area had been repeatedly glaciated. The township celebrated its first 100 years in 2006.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Coleman had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Mother tongue (2006):
English as first language: 77.0%
French as first language: 14.9%
English and French as first language: 4.6%
Other as first language: 3.5%
See also
List of townships in Ontario
List of francophone communities in Ontario
References
External links
Municipalities in Timiskaming District
Single-tier municipalities in Ontario
Township municipalities in Ontario |
13165089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%205%20Records | Category 5 Records | Category 5 Records was an independent record label based in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 2005, the label included eight different country music artists in its roster. The label was owned by Raymond Termini and was disestablished in 2009.
History
Category 5 Records was founded in January 2005 by its president, Raymond Termini. Tony Benken, formerly a promotion director of the Broken Bow Records label, was signed as vice president of promotion for Category 5. Carl Strube, formerly president of Critique Records, was the label's vice president and general manager. Portions of the label's proceeds were given to hurricane relief funds.
The first act signed to Category 5 was Craig Hand, whose debut single "Direct Connect" was released in February 2006. Other acts signed to the label included Travis Tritt, Sammy Kershaw, Donovan Chapman, and Jerrod Niemann. Tritt and Kershaw had previously been on major labels, and Chapman was previously on Curb Records. Kershaw's 2006 album Honky Tonk Boots was the label's first full album release.
In 2006, Termini was under investigation by the Connecticut Department of Social Services for allegations of neglect at a series of assisted living facilities he owned in Connecticut, as well as allegations that he improperly used assets from the facilities to fund the record label.
In 2007, Travis Tritt sued the label for breach of contract and fraud.
Roster
Donovan Chapman
Craig Hand
George Jones (courtesy of Bandit Records)
Sammy Kershaw
Jerrod Niemann
Odiss Kohn
Shauna
Travis Tritt
References
American country music record labels
American independent record labels
Record labels established in 2005
Record labels disestablished in 2009 |
13165092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-school%20Learning%20Alliance | Pre-school Learning Alliance | The Pre-school Learning Alliance (PLA) is an early-years educational registered charity
and a voluntary sector provider of childcare for young children in England.
Introduction
The Pre-school Learning Alliance (the Alliance) is the largest early years membership organisation and voluntary sector provider of quality affordable childcare and education in England. An educational charity, the Alliance represents the interests of over 14,000 member settings who deliver care and learning to over 800,000 families every year.
The Alliance employs over 2,000 national and local staff and is supported by more than 750 volunteers every year. They directly contribute towards the care and well-being of very young children and their families in England.
A registered charity, the Alliance was established by parent volunteers in 1961 and has grown significantly since then.
The Alliance believes that children learn best through play and first-hand child-led experiences, involving exploration and discovery, which encourage their development and learning.
Families are involved in every aspect of service planning and delivery and they encourage parental involvement through consultation, parent-led fundraising events, open days, outings and family learning.
Early days
In 1961 a reader of the Manchester Guardian, Belle Tutaev, pointed out the inadequacy of state-provided nursery education in the UK. She set up her own playgroup by co-operating with a neighbour. Her suggested Nursery School Campaign resulted the formation of the Pre-School Playgroups Association (PPA) on 16 July 1962.
The PPA received a grant that year from the Nuffield Foundation, and in 1966 from the Department of Education and Science, at which point 600 groups were affiliated. The Plowden Report of 1967 recognised the value of playgroups.
The PLA
A change of name to Pre-school Learning Alliance occurred in 1995, and followed organisational changes.
A further more recent change of name to Early Years Alliance has since taken place.
References
Nursery World article celebrating 50 years of the Alliance in 2011 http://www.nurseryworld.co.uk/nursery-world/news/1095847/analysis-pre-school-learning-alliance-happy-birthday-pla
Further reading
Brenda Crowe (1973), The Playgroup Movement
External links
PPA timeline
Early childhood education in the United Kingdom
Early childhood educational organizations
Educational charities based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in the London Borough of Islington |
13165096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu%20Yinchuan | Xu Yinchuan | Xu Yinchuan (; born 5 August 1975) is a professional Xiangqi (Chinese chess) player.
Xu was born in Huilai, Guangdong Province, China, in August 1975. He is one of a handful of grandmasters from Guangdong Province, which is notable for being the home of many famed grandmasters of Xiangqi, including Yang Guanlin, Cai Furu and Lu Qin. Xu's style is in general compared with Taiji (), which means he wins game peacefully. Xu is best in his endgame, which is nicknamed "Ghost Kongfu" (). Xu got his first championship of national Xiangqi tournament at the age of 18, the second youngest (to Hu Ronghua) ever.
Xu's major achievements in Xiangqi include the following:
Champion in Chinese National Xiangqi Individual Championship in 1993, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2006 and 2009.
Starter of the champion team of Guangdong in Chinese National Xiangqi League in 1989, 1993, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004 and 2006.
Champion in the 7th Asian Xiangqi Individual Championship.
Starter of the champion team of China in the 7th, 8th and 9th Asian Xiangqi Championship.
Champion in the 6th, 8th and 10th World Xiangqi Individual Championship.
On August 15, 2006, Xu played two games vs the Tiansuo Inspur system. In the first game, Xu played second and the situation became in Xu's disadvantage shortly after opening. However Xu succeeded to tie it. In the second game, Xu played first and this ended in a tie though Xu had some advantage.
References
1975 births
Living people
Xiangqi players
People from Jieyang
Sportspeople from Guangdong |
13165099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Ali%20District | El Ali District | El Ali () is a district in the central Hiran region of Somalia. El Ali has a population of around 120,000 inhabitants. The broader El Ali District has a total population of 543,345 residents. El Ali means (Ali's well).
El-Ali's residents largely belong to the Galje'el (or Gaaljecel) sub-clan of Dirisame.
History
The El Ali meteorite was identified by Kureym Mining and Rocks Company's staff in 2020 and trucked towards Mogadishu.
Prior to that, the rock had been celebrated for between five and seven generations, featuring in songs, folklore, dances, and poems. In 2022, the mineral elaliite was named after El Ali after being identified in the meteorite by scientists at the University of Alberta.
Location
It is situated 75 km south west of Beledweyne, the capital of the Hiiraan region.
Demographics
El Ali is predominantly inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the Dirisame sub-clan of the main Gaaljecel clan especially well represented.
References
Ceel Cali, Hiiraan Somalia
Populated places in Hiran, Somalia |
13165108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Troup | Bill Troup | Paul William "Bill" Troup III (April 2, 1951 – December 14, 2013) was a professional American football player. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. An undrafted quarterback from the University of South Carolina, Troup played in seven NFL seasons from 1974 to 1980 for 2 different teams. He saw his most extensive action for the Colts in 1978, when Bert Jones was injured and Mike Kirkland ineffective.
After being released by Baltimore, Troup went north to the Canadian Football League's Winnipeg Blue Bombers, where he served as the backup to starter Dieter Brock for the 1979 season.
References
1951 births
2013 deaths
American football quarterbacks
Baltimore Colts players
Green Bay Packers players
South Carolina Gamecocks football players
Virginia Cavaliers football players
20th-century American sportsmen |
13165113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Dellinger | Rudolf Dellinger | Rudolf Dellinger (8 July 1857 – 24 September, 1910) was a German Bohemian composer and Kapellmeister. He almost exclusively composed operettas and was considered to be among the most outstanding composers of his time.
Born into a family of Bohemian of instrument makers in Graslitz, Dellinger received musical tuition early in life. He studied at the School of Music in Prague between 1874 and 1879, and later at the Prague Conservatory, where he was taught piano by, among others, Julius Pisarowitz.
After completing his musical education, he took a position as a clarinettist in Brno in 1880, then worked as a Kapellmeister in Passau, Eger, Prague and Salzburg. In 1883, Dellinger moved to Hamburg, where he worked at the Carl-Schultze-Theater. He wrote his first operettas there, which also premiered in Hamburg.
On 2 February 1886, Dellinger married Anna Maria Eppich, an Austrian singer.
In 1893, Dellinger was employed as Kapellmeister of the Residenztheater in Dresden, where he worked until his death at the age of 53.
Works
Dellinger's oeuvre includes:
1885: Don Cesar – libretto by Otto Walther, adapted from Don César de Bazan by Philippe Dumanoir and Adolphe d'Ennery
1886: Lorraine – libretto by Oscar Walther
1889: Capitain Fracassa – libretto by F. Zell and Richard Genée after Th. Gautier
1891: Saint Cyr – libretto by Otto Walther after Alexandre Dumas Sr
1894: Die Chansonette – libretto by Victor Léon and H. v. Waldberg
1901: Jadwiga – libretto by Richard Pohl and P. Hirschberger, after Les diamants de la couronne by E. Scribe
1910: Der letzte Jonas (The last Jonas) – libretto by Richard Pohl and L. Ascher
See also
Dellinger (disambiguation)
References
External links
IMSLP
Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
1857 births
1910 deaths
People from Kraslice
German Bohemian people
19th-century classical composers
20th-century classical composers
German male conductors (music)
German opera composers
German male opera composers
German Romantic composers
20th-century German composers
19th-century German composers
20th-century German conductors (music)
20th-century German male musicians
19th-century German male musicians
Prague Conservatory alumni |
13165134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avondale%2C%20Georgia | Avondale, Georgia | Avondale is an unincorporated community in Bibb County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Macon Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The community's name is an allusion to the River Avon, in England.
References
Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Unincorporated communities in Bibb County, Georgia
Macon metropolitan area, Georgia |
13165145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prone%20pilot | Prone pilot | A prone pilot lies on their stomach rather than seated in a normal upright or reclining position.
During the 1930s, glider designer Reimar Horten began developing a prone position for his flying wing gliders. However it proved uncomfortable and he later settled on a semi-prone arrangement with the knees somewhat lowered.
During World War II it was suggested that a pilot in the prone position might be more effective in some kinds of high-speed aircraft, because it would permit the pilot to withstand a greater g-force in the upward and downward direction with respect to the plane. The fuselage could also be made shallower and therefore have reduced weight and drag. Many speculative designs of the late-war and early postwar periods featured this arrangement, and several prototypes were built or converted to test the idea. However testing revealed difficulties in maintaining a head-up attitude to see forward and in operating some controls. These problems outweighed the advantages and the position was never adopted for high-speed flight.
Many modern hang gliders, developed since the 1960s, typically offer a prone pilot position during flight, with the pilot lowering their legs and standing upright only when taking off or landing.
List of aircraft with prone pilots
Many hang gliders since the 1960s have allowed the pilot to lie prone in flight. These are not included here.
|-
| Akaflieg Berlin B9 || Germany || || || || || ||
|-
| Akaflieg Stuttgart fs17 || Germany || || || || || ||
|-
| Armstrong Whitworth AW.171 || UK || Supersonic || Experimental || 1957 || Project || 0 || Never ordered.
|-
| Beecraft Wee Bee || USA || Tractor || Private || 1948 || Prototype || 1 ||
|-
| Blohm & Voss BV 40 || Germany|| || || || || ||
|-
| DFS 228 || Germany || || || || || ||
|-
| DFS Liege-Kranich || Germany || || || || || ||
|-
| Farrar V-1 Flying Wing || USA || || || || || ||
|-
| FMA I.Ae. 37 || Argentina || || || || || ||
|-
| Gloster Meteor F8 "Prone Pilot" || UK || Jet || Experimental || 1954 || Prototype || 1 || Conversion of standard aircraft
|-
| Guerchais-Roche Émouchet || France || || || || || ||
|-
| Henschel Hs 132 || Germany || || || || || ||
|-
| Horten H.III || Germany || Glider || || || || ||
|-
| Horten H.IV || Germany || Glider || || || || ||
|-
| Horten H.VI || Germany || Glider || || || || ||
|-
| Ikarus 232 Pionr || Yugoslavia || || || || || 1 ||
|-
| Ikarus S-451 || Yugoslavia || Tractor || Experimental || 1952 || Prototype || 1 || Enlarged 232. First 451 built.
|-
| Lamson PL-1 Quark || USA || || || || || ||
|-
| Northrop XP-79 || USA || Jet || Fighter || 1945 || Prototype || 1 || Flying wing
|-
| Reid and Sigrist R.S.3 Desford || UK || || || || || ||
|-
| Savoia-Marchetti SM.93 || Italy || || || || || ||
|-
| Ultra-Efficient Products Penetrater || USA || Pusher || Ultralight || 1985 || || ||
|-
| Wright Flyer || USA || Pusher || Experimental || 1903 || Prototype || 1 ||
|-
| Wright Flyer II || USA || Pusher || Experimental || 1904 || Prototype || 1 ||
|-
| Wright Flyer III || USA || Pusher || Experimental || 1905 || Prototype || 1 || Photos also show the pilot sitting up.
|}
Bibliography
Prizeman, R.; "Getting down to it", Flight, 1953, pp.584 ff. (First page: Internet Archive).
Lists of aircraft by design configuration |
13165148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Gunn%27s%20Guide%20to%20Style | Tim Gunn's Guide to Style | Tim Gunn's Guide to Style is an American reality television series on Bravo. The series debuted on September 6, 2007 based on the self-help book A Guide to Quality, Taste and Style and is hosted by Project Runway's Tim Gunn, and co-hosted by model Veronica Webb in the first season and Gretta Monahan in the second season. Gunn and his cohost offer to make over guests following their style as long as they adhere to a set of style rules.
Format
The show's format consists of several segments. After meeting the guest and reviewing an interview tape, the show starts with the hosts reviewing and then discarding most of the guest's existing wardrobe. Another segment involves the use of OptiTex fashion design software to illustrate the appearance of different fashions on a computer simulation of the guest, followed by a solo shopping spree for "ten essential items", which the hosts then critique. The guest will also meet with specialty consultants, such as designers, hairdressers or runway coaches, for one-on-one coaching. The show ends with a revealing to the guest's friends and family to show off the changes in their style.
Episodes
Series overview
Season 1 (2007)
Season 2 (2008)
References
External links
Tim Gunn's Guide to Style official web site
Project Runway
Project Runway (American series)
2000s American reality television series
2007 American television series debuts
2007 in fashion
2008 American television series endings
2008 in fashion
American television spin-offs
Bravo (American TV network) original programming
American English-language television shows
Fashion-themed reality television series
Makeover reality television series
Reality television spin-offs
Television series by Stone Stanley Entertainment |
13165151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaz%C3%AA%20Township | Zazê Township | Cazê () is a township in Ngamring County, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It lies at an altitude of 4,787 metres (15,708 feet).
See also
List of towns and villages in Tibet
Notes
Populated places in Shigatse
Township-level divisions of Tibet |
13165170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inchnadamph | Inchnadamph | Inchnadamph is a hamlet in Assynt, Sutherland, Scotland. The name is an anglicisation of the Gaelic name Innis nan Damh meaning "meadow of the stags". Assynt is a remote area with a low population density. Inchnadamph contains a few houses, a lodge, a hotel and a historic old church, graveyard and mausoleum.
History
Bone Caves
The "Bone Caves" of Inchnadamph contain relics of Eurasian lynx, brown bear, Arctic fox, reindeer (dated to 47,000 BCE), the only evidence of polar bears so far found in Scotland, and human skeletons dated to the 3rd millennium BCE. The skeleton of a bear thought to be 11,000 years old or more was removed from the caves in 2008. The bones were found by cavers in 1995, deep in the Uamh an Claonaite system and have been examined by the National Museums Scotland to determine the age and species. It is presumed the animal died while hibernating, and that its body was later washed further into the underground network.
Ardvreck Castle
The ruins of Ardvreck Castle lie nearby on the shores of Loch Assynt. The castle was badly damaged in a thunderstorm in 1795. The Old Parish Church of Assynt is located in the village and pieces of an old Celtic cross have been found, dating from the 8th to the 11th century.
Old Parish Church
The Old Parish Church of Assynt (Church of Scotland, Listed Building LB44967), is one of the tourist sites of Inchnadamph. Local lore ascribes the origin of the church to Angus Macleod, laird of Assynt between 1436–1443. The first official notice was in 1455. Only the burial vault of the Macleods remains of the old structure, in the graveyard to the SE of the present church. The present church was built in 1741–1743 and was renovated in 1900 by William C. Joass. It is not used for worship now. The 5-bay rectangular building measures 15m x 6m and is aligned E-W. At the east end is a spire on a square base with a cross finial. The roof is graded slate with a stone ridge, the rubble walls are pebble-dashed and whitewashed. The church and graveyard occupy an area of about 32m x 26m, protected by stone boundary walls. The interior was refurbished in 1900. The pulpit is octagonal and the pews are made of pine. The churchyard and MacLeod Vault, excluding the present church building, are a Historic Environment Scotland scheduled monument SM8309.
Geology
The Moine Thrust runs through the area, which is a mecca for geologists, who can find accommodation in the Assynt Field Centre (Inchnadamph Lodge) or at Inchnadamph Hotel. Nearby there is a monument to the work of Ben Peach and John Horne whose work, culminating in their 1907 publication The Geological Structure of the North-West Highlands of Scotland, was crucial in the understanding of this, the first thrust fault to be discovered anywhere in the world. The monument's inscription reads: "To Ben N Peach and John Horne who played the foremost part in unravelling the geological structure of the North West Highlands 1883–1897. An international tribute. Erected 1930". The hotel retains a copy of the guest book signed by many prominent geologists of the day who visited during the 1912 British Association for the Advancement of Science excursion to Assynt.
See also
Geology of Scotland
Knockan Crag
Ardvreck Castle
North West Highlands Geopark
References
Populated places in Sutherland
Geology of Scotland |
13165177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlemartin%20Hundred | Castlemartin Hundred | Castlemartin was one of seven ancient hundreds in Pembrokeshire, Wales.
History
Initially created by the Marcher Lords of Pembroke in the 14th century from the western part of the pre-Norman cantref of Penfro, Castlemartin Hundred was confirmed by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542.
Samuel Lewis, in his Topographical Dictionary of Wales notes:
Lewis believed the hundred, and the parish of the same name, derived from Martin of Tours.
The ruins of an ancient fort exist at Warren, as do several other ancient British and Danish remains along the coast.
Castlemartin Training Area, an artillery range, occupies part of the former hundred.
Location and demography
The hundred's capital was at Pembroke. Since then it has been mostly English-speaking, and a part of west Wales formerly referred to as Little England beyond Wales, with the majority of its settlements retaining their English names. It comprised 21 parishes. Some of the area lies within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.
References
Further reading
Hundreds of Pembrokeshire |
13165180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico%20Dostal | Nico Dostal | Nico Dostal (full name: Nikolaus Josef Michael Dostal) (27 November 1895 – 27 October 1981) was an Austrian composer who later specialised in operetta and film music.
Life
Dostal was born in Korneuburg, Lower Austria, and was the nephew of composer Hermann Dostal. He initially studied law at the University of Vienna, but turned to studying music at the Academy for Church Music in Klosterneuburg, and made a name for himself when his Great Mass in D major premiered in Linz in 1913.
After participating in World War I, Dostal worked as the theatre Kapellmeister in Innsbruck, St. Pölten, Vienna, Chernivtsi and Salzburg, before moving to Berlin in 1924, where he turned his hand to secular music. He worked in music publishing and as a freelance arranger for Oscar Straus, Franz Lehár and Robert Stolz, among others.
Whilst working as a Kapellmeister and composer, Dostal wrote the music for the film The Emperor's Waltz (1933) and enjoyed great success with his first operetta Clivia. This was followed by Die Vielgeliebte (1934) (The Much-Loved), Die ungarische Hochzeit (1939) (The Hungarian Wedding), and numerous pieces of film music.
In 1946 Dostal moved to Vienna, then in 1954 to Salzburg, where he continued to devote himself to composition, writing there among other pieces the chamber musical So macht man Karriere (1961) (How To Make a Career). Dostal also composed church music along with operettas and film music.
In 1942 he married the opera singer Lillie Claus, by whom he had one son, Roman Dostal, later a conductor. Dostal died in Salzburg, where he is buried in a grave of honour in the main cemetery, the Salzburger Kommunalfriedhof.
Works
Operettas
Die exzentrische Frau, 1922 (The Eccentric Woman)
Lagunenzauber, 1923 (Lagoon Magic)
Clivia, 1933
Die Vielgeliebte, 1934 (The Much-Loved)
Prinzessin Nofretete, 1936 (Princess Nefertiti)
Extrablätter, 1937 (Extra Sheets)
Monika, 1937
Die ungarische Hochzeit, 1939 (The Hungarian Wedding)
Die Flucht ins Glück, 1940 (The Flight into Happiness)
Die große Tänzerin, 1942 (The Great Dancer)
Eva im Abendkleid, 1942 (Eva in Evening Dress)
Manina, 1942
Verzauberte Herzen, 1946 (Enchanted Hearts)
Ein Fremder in Venedig, 1946 (A Stranger in Venice)
Süße kleine Freundin, 1949 (Sweet Little Girlfriend)
Zirkusblut, 1950 (Circus Blood)
Der Kurier der Königin, 1950 (The Queen's Courier)
:de:Doktor Eisenbart, 1952 (Dr. Eisenbarth)
:de:Der dritte Wunsch, 1954 (The Third Wish)
Liebesbriefe Operette, 1955 (Love Letters Operetta)
So macht man Karriere, 1961 (How To Make A Career)
Rhapsodie der Liebe, 1963 (Rhapsody of Love)
Der goldene Spiegel (The Golden Mirror)
Don Juan und Figaro oder Das Lamm des Armen, 1990 (Don Juan and Figaro, or the Lamb of the Poor)
Film music
Everybody Wins (1930)
Three Days Confined to Barracks (1930)
Headfirst into Happiness (1931)
The Emperor's Waltz (1933)
The Cabbie's Song (1936)
Der Optimist, 1938, with Theo Lingen (The Optimist)
Mordsache Holm, 1938 (The Holm Murder Case)
Thirteen Chairs (1938)
Heimatland, 1939, with Wolf Albach-Retty (Homeland)
Das Lied der Wüste, 1939, with Zarah Leander, Gustav Knuth (The Desert Song)
The Vulture Wally (1940)
Black on White (1943)
Glück bei Frauen, 1944, with Johannes Heesters (Luck/Happiness with Women)
Child of the Danube (1950)
Spring on Ice (1951)
, 1951 (The Heart of a Woman)
Starfish (1952)
A Night in Venice (1953)
Die Ungarische Hochzeit, 1969, with Maria Schell (The Hungarian Wedding)
References
See also
List of composers
1895 births
1981 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Austrian classical composers
Austrian film score composers
Austrian male film score composers
Austrian opera composers
Austrian male opera composers
People from Korneuburg
Musicians from Lower Austria
University of Vienna alumni
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
20th-century male musicians |
13165185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklinton%2C%20Georgia | Franklinton, Georgia | Franklinton is an unincorporated community in Bibb County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Macon Metropolitan Statistical Area.
References
Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Unincorporated communities in Bibb County, Georgia
Macon metropolitan area, Georgia |
13165194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daddy%20Stovepipe | Daddy Stovepipe | Johnny Watson (April 12, 1867 – November 1, 1963), known as Daddy Stovepipe, was an American blues singer, guitarist and harmonica player, best known for his recordings. Watson also recorded as Jimmy Watson, Sunny Jim and Rev. Alfred Pitts. He may have been the earliest-born blues performer to record.
Many of his recordings were jug band duets with his wife, Sarah Watson, who was usually credited as Mississippi Sarah.
Life
Watson was born in Mobile, Alabama. His career began before 1900 in Mexico as a twelve-string guitarist in early mariachi bands. He then established himself as an entertainer with the Rabbit's Foot Minstrels touring around the southern states.
By the 1920s, he was working as a one-man band on Maxwell Street in Chicago, where he acquired the name "Daddy Stovepipe" from the characteristic top hat he wore. He first recorded in 1924, in Richmond, Indiana, recording "Sundown Blues" which is regarded as one of the most primitive blues on record. In 1927 he made more recordings, this time in Birmingham, Alabama for Gennett Records, as one half of the duo "Sunny Jim and Whistlin' Joe".
He made more recordings back in Chicago in 1931 for the Vocalion label with his wife, "Mississippi Sarah", a singer and jug player. The couple's humorous banter made their recordings unique. They recorded together again in 1935 for Bluebird Records, by which time they were living in Greenville, Mississippi, but Sarah's death in 1937 sent her husband back out on the road. He then worked for a while around Texas, playing in cajun bands and, again, with Mexican mariachi bands.
By 1948 he had returned to work as a street musician in Chicago, and was recorded in 1960, aged 93, with his repertoire having widened to include traditional popular music tunes such as "The Tennessee Waltz". He died in Chicago in 1963, from bronchial pneumonia after a gall bladder operation, aged 96.
On May 5, 2012, the fifth annual White Lake Blues Festival took place at the Howmet Playhouse Theater in Whitehall, Michigan. The event was organized by Steve Salter of the nonprofit organization Killer Blues to raise monies to honor Watson's unmarked grave with a headstone. The concert was a success, and a headstone was placed in July 2012.
References
External links
Illustrated Daddy Stovepipe discography
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues harmonica players
American blues singers
American male singers
Songwriters from Alabama
Cajun musicians
Country blues musicians
Deaths from pneumonia in Illinois
Gennett Records artists
Harmonica blues musicians
Jug band musicians
Mariachi musicians
Musicians from Mobile, Alabama
Traditional pop music singers
Vocalion Records artists
1867 births
1963 deaths
Songwriters from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Guitarists from Alabama
Guitarists from Louisiana
American male songwriters
Burials at Restvale Cemetery |
13165227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie%27s%20Backseat%20Traveling%20Web%20Show | Natalie's Backseat Traveling Web Show | Natalie's Backseat Traveling Web Show was a television series consisting of 3-minute shorts on Nickelodeon in the mid to late 1990s.
Development and production
The series was developed by Karen Fowler and Parker Reilly and directed by Mark Foster for Nickelodeon's Creative Labs. The website was written by Caitilin McAdoo and Carmen Morais, with web design and programming by Fusebox, Inc. The original scores were composed by Michael Aharon.
Premise
The series followed a preteen girl named Natalie who managed a live web diary while her family traveled across the United States while in the backseat of the family van. The character Natalie's web site, which later became Nick.com, would also contain games, photos, audio, and video clips along with written words about the character's thoughts and musings. The website and television shorts launched simultaneously in 1996, as both correlated with the other. The show was created before weblogs, audioblogs, photo blogs, and vlogs rose in popularity in the 2000s.
See also
iCarly
External links
Cybergiants See The Future--And It's Jack And Jill BusinessWeek, April 14, 1997
1990s Nickelodeon original programming |
13165236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garret%20Kusch | Garret Kusch | Garret Andrew Kusch (born 26 September 1973) is a Canadian former soccer player who played at both professional and international levels as a striker. After retiring as a player, Kusch became a Chiropractor.
Club career
Born in Richmond, British Columbia, Kusch started his career at local side Vancouver 86ers and then played successfully in a Belgian lower division with Mons. Injury-hit, he then only featured twice for Mechelen in the Belgian First Division in the 1999/2000 season. He revived his career after a foot injury at Swedish second division side Mjällby only to finish the first of his two years-contract at Norwegian second division outfit Hønefoss to quit professional soccer aged just 28 in 2001 to continue his studies.
Kusch briefly came out of retirement in 2007 to play for Columbus Clan FC; earning a silver medal in the Open Canada Cup.
International career
Kusch made his debut for Canada in an April 1997 FIFA World Cup qualification match against El Salvador in Vancouver and earned a total of 21 caps, scoring 1 goal in a 2001 friendly against Iran. He represented Canada in five FIFA World Cup qualification matches and participated in the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup, where he played his final international against Cameroon.
Personal life
Kusch currently works for the Canada national team as a chiropractor.
References
External links
(archive)
1973 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Richmond, British Columbia
Canadian people of German descent
Men's association football forwards
Soccer people from British Columbia
Canadian men's soccer players
Canadian expatriate men's soccer players
Canada men's youth international soccer players
Canada men's under-23 international soccer players
Canada men's international soccer players
CONCACAF Gold Cup-winning players
2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Vancouver Whitecaps (1986–2010) players
R.A.E.C. Mons (1910) players
K.V. Mechelen players
Hønefoss BK players
Mjällby AIF players
ICSF Columbus FC players
A-League (1995–2004) players
Belgian Pro League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Association football physiotherapists
Simon Fraser Red Leafs men's soccer players
Simon Fraser University alumni |
13165242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%AAngdo | Cêngdo | Cêngdo () is a township in Markam County, Chamdo Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
It lies at an altitude of 4,042 metres (13,264 feet).
See also
List of towns and villages in Tibet
Notes
Populated places in Chamdo
Township-level divisions of Tibet |
13165244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downieville%2C%20Colorado | Downieville, Colorado | Downieville is a small unincorporated community situated along Clear Creek in Clear Creek County, Colorado, United States. Downieville is a part of the Downieville-Lawson-Dumont census-designated place.
Geography
Downieville is located at (39.766927,-105.615124).
See also
Denver-Aurora Metropolitan Statistical Area
Denver-Aurora-Boulder Combined Statistical Area
Front Range Urban Corridor
List of cities and towns in Colorado
References
Unincorporated communities in Clear Creek County, Colorado
Unincorporated communities in Colorado
Denver metropolitan area |
13165252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20games%20played%20between%20NBA%20and%20international%20teams | List of games played between NBA and international teams | The following is a history of the list of games played between NBA and international teams. Teams from the National Basketball Association (NBA) have played numerous basketball games against various international teams from around the world. NBA teams, from both the United States and Canada, have played many games against international clubs from various different professional basketball leagues, as well as against some league all-star teams and senior national teams.
History
One of the first basketball games between an NBA and an international team was held in 1978, in Tel Aviv, Israel. Maccabi Tel Aviv of the EuroLeague and Israeli League surprisingly beat the defending NBA champions, the Washington Bullets, by a score of 98–97.
Since then, six other EuroLeague teams have defeated an NBA franchise: Barcelona, Málaga and Real Madrid from the Spanish League, CSKA Moscow of the Russian top-tier level VTB United League, Fenerbahçe from the Turkish League, and Alba Berlin from the German League.
In addition to defeating the Washington Bullets in 1978, Maccabi Tel Aviv also beat the New Jersey Nets and Phoenix Suns in 1984, in Israel, and beat the Toronto Raptors, 103–105, in Toronto in 2005. This was the first loss of an NBA team on North American soil.
The first Barcelona and CSKA wins came during the 2006 NBA Europe Live Tour, where Barcelona beat the Philadelphia 76ers 104–99, and the Moscow team won by 19 over the Los Angeles Clippers (94–75), being the widest victory so far of any international team.
During the 2007 NBA Europe Live Tour, Málaga defeated Memphis Grizzlies 102–99, and Real Madrid overcame Toronto by a narrow 104–103. In 2010, Barcelona and CSKA Moscow again, beat NBA teams, by narrow margins. More recent EuroLeague victories came during the 2012 NBA Europe Live Tour, when Fenerbahçe defeated the Boston Celtics, by a score of 97–91, and Barcelona beat the Dallas Mavericks, by a score of 99–85. In 2013, CSKA beat the Minnesota Timberwolves by a score of 108–106, and in 2014, Alba Berlin beat the San Antonio Spurs by a score of 94–93. In 2016, Real Madrid beat the Oklahoma City Thunder in overtime, by a score of 142–137.
Many of these games were initially played as part of the now-defunct McDonald's Championship, which NBA teams winn all of the editions. After 2006, they were mostly played during the NBA Europe Live Tour and the EuroLeague American Tour. In addition to the EuroLeague teams that have beaten NBA teams, one senior men's European national team, the Soviet Union, beat the Atlanta Hawks, by a score of 132–123, in an exhibition game in Moscow, in 1988.
So far, only one non-European team has beaten an NBA team (Israeli teams participate in European competitions). The Adelaide 36ers, a team from the NBL, which is the top-tier professional league of Australia and New Zealand, beat the Phoenix Suns, by a score 134–124, in 2022.
NBA vs. international teams
1970s
1980s
1990s
Games played under NBA rules:
2000s
2010s
2020s
NBA vs. EuroLeague games involving the league champions
Team, league, and country records
NBA teams
International teams
By countries (international teams)
See also
NBA Global Games
NBA Canada Series
NBA versus EuroLeague games
McDonald's Championship
EuroLeague American Tour
Naismith Cup
NBA records
References
External links
History of Games Played by NBA Teams in Europe
Previous exhibition games European clubs vs. NBA
List of games at Spanish League forums
NBA vs. FIBA games
National Basketball League (Australia) |
13165258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Should%20Be%20Sleeping | I Should Be Sleeping | "I Should Be Sleeping" is a song written by Shaye Smith and Lisa Drew, and recorded by Canadian country music group Emerson Drive. It was released in October 2001 as their first single from their debut self-titled album, Emerson Drive. The song reached the Top 5 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, reaching a peak of number 4. It also peaked at number 35 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, making it their first crossover hit.
Music video
The music video was directed by Thom Oliphant and premiered in late 2001.
Chart positions
"I Should Be Sleeping" debuted at number 57 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the chart week of November 10, 2001.
Year-end charts
References
2001 singles
Emerson Drive songs
Song recordings produced by James Stroud
DreamWorks Records singles
Songs written by Shaye Smith
Song recordings produced by Julian King (recording engineer)
2001 songs |
13165259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Gilfillan | Joseph Gilfillan | Joseph Alexander Gilfillan (1838 – November 18, 1913) was an Episcopal missionary to Native Americans of the Ojibwa Tribe on White Earth Reservation in northern Minnesota during 35 years from 1873 until 1908.
Biography
Joseph Alexander Gilfillan was born October 23, 1838, in Gorticross, County Londonderry, Ireland to Alexander Gilfillan and his wife Margaret. He married Harriet Woodbridge Cook April 19, 1877. He graduated from the General Theological Seminary, New York, in 1869. From 1869 until 1873 he was rector successively of two English churches in Minnesota. From June, 1873, until, September, 1908, he served as missionary to the Ojibwas at White Earth.
He worked diligently and earnestly to learn the Ojibwe language, to ascertain and record the origins of place names in the areas where he worked, to perform accurate and worthy translations of the Ojibwe place names into English, and to encourage that the names so recorded continue to be used in one form or another after settlement.
Gilfillan's work was cited frequently by Warren Upham in his remarkable history of place names in Minnesota, "Minnesota Place Names, A Geographical Encyclopedia." Upham characterized Gilfillan's paper "Minnesota Geographical Names Derived from the Chippewa Language" as one of the two "most important resources of information on Minnesota geographic terms of Indian origin."
His wife Harriet considered life at White Earth a hardship, and often spent winters socializing in New York, occasionally in Europe.
Gilfillan retired in 1908 and went to Washington, D.C. He was the chief editor of the 1911 Ojibwa edition of the Book of Common Prayer entitled "Iu Wejibuewisi Mamawi Anamiawini Mazinaigun" ("Iw Wejibwewizi Maamawi-anami'aawini Mazina'igan").
Gilfillan died in New York City on November 18, 1913, after a year's illness.
The Minnesota Historical Society keeps a vast inventory of articles and reminiscences by Gilfillan and his wife Harriet on their missionary work; Gilfillan's translations of Ojibwe personal and place names and legends; letters (1883–1893) in Ojibwe from Ojibwe ministers and missionaries, with Gilfillan's translations; miscellaneous letters and memorabilia on Ojibwe language and culture and on church affairs; family and genealogical data; information on the erection of a monument to Gilfillan in Itasca State Park (1940); and articles by Harriet describing her work as a teacher of weaving among the Navaho Indians in 1875 and a trip on the Cumberland Canal.
A Gilfillan article on the culture of Ojibwe, both Christian and non-Christian and with an emphasis on the Red Lake band, was published in Volume 9 of the Minnesota Historical Society Collections.
References
1838 births
1913 deaths
Anglican missionaries in the United States
Irish Anglican missionaries
White Earth Band of Ojibwe
People from County Londonderry |
13165270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin%20Yo%C4%9Furt%C3%A7u | Hüseyin Yoğurtçu | Hüseyin Yoğurtçu (born 30 June 1983) is a Turkish football coach and a former player. He is the manager of amateur side İnegöl Kafkas Gençlikspor.
References
1983 births
Footballers from Bursa
Living people
Turkish men's footballers
Turkey men's youth international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers
Yozgatspor footballers
Manisaspor footballers
Yalovaspor footballers
Boluspor footballers
Kayseri Erciyesspor footballers
Mersin Talim Yurdu footballers
Kasımpaşa S.K. footballers
İnegölspor footballers
Süper Lig players
TFF First League players
Turkish football managers |
13165272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlemartin%2C%20Pembrokeshire | Castlemartin, Pembrokeshire | Castlemartin () is a village and parish in the community of Stackpole and Castlemartin, Pembrokeshire, Wales, in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.
The village is on a sandstone ridge, southwest of Pembroke, southeast of Angle, and reached on the B4319 road.
Geography
In chronostratigraphy, the British sub-stage of the Carboniferous period, the 'Arundian' derives its name from Hobbyhorse Bay in the Castlemartin communityarundo being the Latin for hobby horse. Castlemartin has of coastline, much of it consisting of spectacular limestone cliffs characterised by large sea caves, natural arches and stacks.
History
The village of Castlemartin was in the ancient Hundred of the same name, once centred on a prominent Norman motte-and-bailey castle giving, with the church dedicated to St Martin, the origin of the name. Like other places in southern Pembrokeshire, Castlemartin has been mainly English-speaking for 900 years or more.
A 1583 map in the British Library shows Castlemartin parish as Castlemerten.
The census population of Castlemartin was 496 (1801): 528 (1851): 460 (1901): 243 (1951): 147 (2001).
During the 20th century, much of the land in the community area was cleared by the government for use as an artillery range: Castlemartin Training Area, with its base at Merrion, in Warren. Here, the Pembrokeshire Coast Path has to run inland; by-passing many interesting sections of cliff, although sometimes access may be offered to Flimston. In 2011, the MoD opened up a special diversionary route which was safer for walkers by protecting them from the range fire and preventing them for having to negotiate narrow country roads with fast moving traffic.
Castlemartin community amalgamated with Stackpole community in 2012, forming Stackpole and Castlemartin community.
Parish church
The parish church of St Michael is a Grade I listed building. It contains a cross-inscribed stone pillar of the 7th century-9th century. Currently, the church is closed. The church was declared redundant and vested with the Friends of Friendless Churches in 2016.
References
Further reading
External links
Further historical information and links on GENUKI
Public Information on Army Range
Joint Nature Conservation Committee
Photographs of Castlemartin and surrounding area on Geograph
Castlemartin at HistoryofWales.com
Villages in Pembrokeshire
Former communities in Pembrokeshire |
13165279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9lus | Thélus | Thélus () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It is located southeast of the Canadian National Vimy Memorial dedicated to the Battle of Vimy Ridge and the missing First World War Canadian soldiers with no known grave; the Memorial is also the site of two Canadian cemeteries.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
External links
Nine Elms CWGC cemetery
Zivy Crater CWGC cemetery
Lichfield Crater CWGC cemetery
Bois-Carré CWGC cemetery
The CWGC military cemetery at Thélus
The communal cemetery
Communes of Pas-de-Calais |
13165284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedwig%20of%20France%2C%20Countess%20of%20Mons | Hedwig of France, Countess of Mons | Hedwig of France (c. 970 – after 1013), also called Avoise, Hadevide or Haltude, was Countess of Mons. She was the daughter of Hugh Capet, the first Capetian king of France, and his wife, Adelaide of Aquitaine.
Family
In 996 Hedwig married Reginar IV of Hainaut (947–1013). Their children were:
Reginar V, Count of Mons
Gisèle (998-1049), who married Wautier III d'Olhain
Lambert
Beatrix, who married Ebles I, Count of Rheims and Roucy
Ermentrude, died at the age of two or three; buried in the Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude in Nivelles, Belgium. The burial came to light during an excavation. A lead cross, inscribed with her name and that of her parents, was found in the tomb.
Death
Following the death of her first husband, Hedwig remarried to Hugh de Dagsbourg. She died after 1013.
References
Sources
970s births
1013 deaths
Hedwig
French princesses
French countesses
County of Hainaut
Place of birth unknown
Place of death unknown
10th-century French nobility
10th-century French women
11th-century French nobility
11th-century French women
11th-century French people
Daughters of kings |
13165289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyno%2C%20Kirov%20Oblast | Loyno, Kirov Oblast | Loyno () is a rural locality (a selo) in Verkhnekamsky District of Kirov Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Kirov along the Kama River. Postal code: 612834; dialing code: (+7) 83339.
External links
Loyno in the World City Database
Rural localities in Kirov Oblast
Slobodskoy Uyezd |
13165301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zouafques | Zouafques | Zouafques (; ; Picard: Zuave) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
Zouafques is located 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Saint-Omer, at the D217 road junction with the A26 autoroute, in the valley of the small river Hem.
Population
Places of interest
The church of St.Martin, dating from the nineteenth century.
A watermill.
An eighteenth century dovecote.
Transport
The Chemin de fer d'Anvin à Calais opened a railway station at Zouafques in 1881. The railway was closed in 1955.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Sources
External links
Official website
Communes of Pas-de-Calais |
13165304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Storm%20%28Travis%20Tritt%20album%29 | The Storm (Travis Tritt album) | The Storm is the tenth studio album by American country music artist Travis Tritt. It was also his only album for the Category 5 Records label. In 2013, Travis Tritt re-released the album under the new title "The Calm After" via his own Post Oak Records label. The re-release features two new songs consisting of classic covers.
History
Five of this album's tracks are covers: "Should've Listened" was originally recorded by Canadian rock band Nickelback on their The Long Road album, "I Don't Know How I Got By" was originally recorded by Edwin McCain for the soundtrack of the film The Family Man, "You Never Take Me Dancing" was previously recorded by Richard Marx on his album Flesh and Bone, "Somehow, Somewhere, Someway" was written/recorded by Kenny Wayne Shepherd from his 1997 album, Trouble Is..., and "The Pressure Is On" is the title cut of a 1981 album release by Hank Williams, Jr. "You Never Take Me Dancing" was released as a single from this album, reaching number 27 on the Hot Country Songs charts in 2007. It was followed by "Something Stronger Than Me", which failed to chart. Category 5 closed soon afterward.
In 2013, Tritt acquired the rights to the album in order to re-release it via his own Post Oak Records under the title The Calm After... The re-release includes a cover of the Patty Smyth and Don Henley duet "Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough" with his daughter, Tyler Reese, and a cover of Faces' "Stay with Me". The Calm After... sold more than 2.000 copies in its opening week and entered the Country Albums chart at number 31.
Track listing
Personnel ("The Storm")
Kenny Aronoff - drums
Michael Atwood - cello
Sherree Ford Brown - background vocals
Paul Bushnell - bass guitar
Caroline Campbell - violin
Vinnie Colaiuta - drums
Luis Conte - percussion
Charlie Daniels - fiddle
Tabitha Fair - background vocals
Storm L. Gardner - background vocals
Siedah Garrett - background vocals
Sharlotte Gibson - background vocals
James Harrah - acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Joel Pargman - viola
Matt Rollings - piano, Wurlitzer
Kenny Wayne Shepherd - electric guitar
Cameron Stone - violin
Travis Tritt - acoustic guitar, gut string guitar, lead vocals, background vocals
Patrick Warren - string arrangements
Gabe Witcher - fiddle
Jimmie Wood - harmonica
Track listing (The Calm After)
"Mudcat Moan (Prelude)"/"You Never Take Me Dancing" - 5:29
"(I Wanna) Feel Too Much" - 4:03
"Doesn't the Good Outweigh the Bad" - 4:23
"Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough" (Patty Smyth, Glen Burtnik) — 4:50
"What If Love Hangs On" - 4:02
"Rub Off on Me" - 4:40
"Stay with Me" (Rod Stewart, Ronnie Wood) — 4:41
"Something Stronger Than Me" - 3:39
"The Storm" - 4:42
"I Don't Know How I Got By" - 3:45
"The Pressure Is On" - 3:54
"Should've Listened" - 3:30
"High Time for Gettin' Down" - 2:43
"Somehow, Somewhere, Someday" - 5:42
Personnel ("The Calm After")
Rusty Anderson - electric guitar
Kenny Aronoff - drums
Michael Atwood - cello
Sherree Ford Brown - background vocals
Paul Bushnell - bass guitar
Caroline Campbell - violin
Vinnie Colaiuta - drums
Luis Conte - percussion
Jim Cox - Hammond B-3 organ
Charlie Daniels - fiddle
Tabitha Fair - background vocals
Mike Finnigan - Hammond B-3 organ, piano
Storm L. Gardner - background vocals
Siedah Garrett - background vocals
Sharlotte Gibson - background vocals
James Harrah - acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Greg Leisz - pedal steel guitar
Joel Pargman - viola
Matt Rollings - piano, Wurlitzer
Kenny Wayne Shepherd - electric guitar
Cameron Stone - violin
Michael Thompson - acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Travis Tritt - acoustic guitar, gut string guitar, lead vocals, background vocals
Tyler Reese Tritt - vocals on "Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough"
Patrick Warren - string arrangements
Gabe Witcher - fiddle
Jimmie Wood - harmonica
Chart performance
The Storm
The Calm After...
References
2007 albums
Travis Tritt albums
Category 5 Records albums
Albums produced by Randy Jackson |
13165320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965%E2%80%9366%20Divizia%20A | 1965–66 Divizia A | The 1965–66 Divizia A was the forty-eighth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.
Teams
League table
Results
Top goalscorers
Champion squad
See also
1965–66 Divizia B
1965–66 Divizia C
1965–66 Regional Championship
1965–66 Cupa României
References
Liga I seasons
Romania
1965–66 in Romanian football |
13165329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarr%2C%20Georgia | Smarr, Georgia | Smarr is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Monroe County, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The 2020 census listed a population of 218.
History
Smarr was established in 1838 when the railroad was extended to that point, and named for the founder.
Variant names were "Smarrs" and "Smarrs Station". A post office called Smarr's Station was established in 1872, and the name was shortened to Smarrs in 1895.
Geography
Smarr is in central Monroe County on U.S. Route 41, which leads northwest to Forsyth, the county seat, and southeast to Macon.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Smarr CDP has an area of , all land.
Demographics
Smarr was first listed as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.
References
Census-designated places in Monroe County, Georgia
Macon metropolitan area, Georgia |
13165334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofkee%2C%20Georgia | Sofkee, Georgia | Sofkee is an unincorporated community in Bibb County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Macon Metropolitan Statistical Area. The main road through Sofkee is US 129/SR 247 (Hawkinsville Road).
History
A post office called Sofkee was established in 1912, and remained in operation until 1930. The community derives its name from Tobesofkee Creek.
References
Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Unincorporated communities in Bibb County, Georgia
Macon metropolitan area, Georgia |
13165336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%A1n%20McManus%20%28priest%29 | Seán McManus (priest) | Seán Gabriel McManus (born 1944 in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland) is an American human rights, justice, peace campaigner and Roman Catholic priest.
Birth and family
McManus was born in the parish of Kinawley, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. He is a brother of Frank McManus, former Unity MP, and Patrick McManus, a member of the IRA who was killed in an explosion in 1958 during the IRA's "Border Campaign".
Activism
In 1971, McManus was a Redemptorist Father in Perth, Scotland. In August 1971, he was arrested in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, after a demonstration, because he intervened to stop the police beating up a young boy. The police stopped beating the boy and arrested him instead. In the following court proceedings, he was sentenced to a fine of £20 and proclaimed:
"I refused to recognize the Court because it has no legitimate authority. But that is only the “tip of the iceberg. I do not, I never have and I never will recognize the colonial State of British Occupied Ireland. This State exists because of a morally and politically criminal action. It was illegally imposed by force, and it is illegally sustained by force, against the will of the Irish people. Therefore, its institutions, its laws, and its legal and political expressions are invalid.”
However, he subsequently supported the Good Friday Agreement, which states:
"that while a substantial section of the people in Northern Ireland share the legitimate wish of a majority of the people of the island of Ireland for a united Ireland, the present wish of a majority of the people of Northern Ireland, freely exercised and legitimate, is to maintain the Union and, accordingly, that Northern Ireland’s status as part of the United Kingdom reflects and relies upon that wish; and that it would be wrong to make any change in the status of Northern Ireland save with the consent of a majority of its people"
In 1972, McManus was sent to serve as a priest in the United States. In 1974, he founded the Irish National Caucus (INC), a group formed to lobby the United States Congress on behalf of the cause of justice and peace in Northern Ireland. McManus formed the organization around principles promulgated by the 1971 Synod of Bishops in their document "Justice in the World" which states: "Action on behalf of justice ... [is] a constitutive dimension of the preaching of the Gospel ... and [a constitutive of dimension] of the Church's mission for the redemption of the human race and [for] its liberation from every oppressive situation."
The INC has developed a solid reputation within Congress, with Ben Gilman, former Chairman of the House International Relations Committee, stating, "No one has done more than Father McManus to keep the U.S. Congress on track regarding justice and peace in Ireland. Indeed, I believe historians will record that no one since John Devoy (1842 – 1928) has done more to organize American pressure for justice in Ireland. The only difference being that Father McManus – in keeping with his priestly calling – is committed to nonviolence."
In 2011, McManus was chosen to serve on the World Peace Prize Awarding Council, The South Korea-based Council consists of twelve international and interfaith members. and in 2013, was selected to be their chief judge.
The MacBride Principles
The MacBride Principles – a corporate code of conduct for American companies doing business in Northern Ireland – was launched by the Irish National Caucus on November 4, 1984. The MacBride Principles both symbolized and effectuated the Caucus’ major campaign to stop the U.S. dollars subsidizing anti-Catholic discrimination in Northern Ireland. The Principles became law in 18 U.S. states and numerous towns and cities. In October 1998, the MacBride Principles were passed by both the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into the U.S. law. Chairman Gilman took to the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives to welcome this singular achievement, saying: "I want to make a special note regarding Father Sean McManus. No one has fought harder against discrimination in Northern Ireland. Father Sean single-handedly brought the MacBride fair employment principles to ... enactment."
References
Further reading
External links
Irish National Caucus
Living people
Christian clergy from County Fermanagh
American Roman Catholic priests
British emigrants to the United States
Redemptorists
1944 births |
13165356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%20Ronghua | Hu Ronghua | Hu Ronghua (, born 1945), a native of Shanghai, is one of the strongest players of xiangqi, or Chinese chess. Hu Ronghua has been referred to as the Bobby Fischer of Chinese chess.
Xiangqi career
Hu Ronghua first won the Chinese National Xiangqi Championship in 1960, at age 15, the youngest record ever. Hu went on to win the next nine consecutive national championships, which gave him a 10-championship streak from 1960 to 1979 (due to the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese National Xiangqi Competition was not held annually during that period).
In the 1980s, Hu Ronghua won the national xiangqi championship in 1983 and 1985. By the mid-1990s, people thought that he was past his prime, and that younger generations of top players would eventually replace him. However, Ronghua won yet again in 1997 and 2000.
Hu Ronghua holds the record for the greatest number of national xiangqi titles (14), the youngest champion (age 15 in 1960) and the oldest champion (age 55 in 2000) in the history of the game.
Contributing developments to xiangqi
Hu Ronghua has been advocating for a revival of xiangqi. In 2011 he launched a reality show called Let's Play Chess to find a new personal apprentice.
Hu Ronghua has made great additions to xiangqi theory, including pioneer work on the elephant opening (飞相局) and the Back-Palace-Knight (反宫马) opening. He also devised a new xiangqi rule: the chance of playing black is obtained by auctions of two players. The player who offers less time wins the auction. If the xiangqi game finally ends in a draw, black wins. The Hu Rule is aimed at eliminating "negative draw games" and making xiangqi more spectator-friendly. However, the Hu Rule was boycotted by other professional players, one year after its birth.
In 2022, Hu Ronghua made grandmaster live commentary at a major exposition of advanced Artificial Intelligence algorithms, applied directly to xiangqi.
Other interests
In his early years, Hu Ronghua was trained for a short period in weiqi (Go). He also plays a game called daguailuzi(大怪路子)，a popular local game of Shanghai.
Titles
1982: Grandmaster
1988: International Grandmaster of Chinese Chess.
Publications
XIANGQI Grandmaster Hu RongHua and his Elephant Openings (English publication 2017)
References and notes
Xiangqi
Xiangqi players
Chinese chess players
Sportspeople from Shanghai
21st-century Chinese people
Chinese people
Lists of Chinese people
1945 births
Living people |
13165366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden%2C%20Georgia | Walden, Georgia | Walden is an unincorporated community in Bibb County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Macon Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
A post office called Walden was established in 1878, and remained in operation until 1954. The name may be borrowed from Walden is a book by Henry David Thoreau.
References
Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Unincorporated communities in Bibb County, Georgia
Macon metropolitan area, Georgia |
13165370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Niang | Mohamed Niang | Mohamed Niang (born 1976 in Dakar, Senegal) is a retired professional basketball player, who lastly played for British Basketball League rookies Everton Tigers, with whom he signed for in 2007.
College career
After attending the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne in France from 1994 to 1996, the 6 ft 10 in Centre then moved to the U.S. and to the University of Delaware, where from 1996 to 1999 he played on the university's Blue Hens basketball team.
In his first season, he played 12 games, scoring five points and pulled 10 rebounds. The 1997–98 season saw him feature in 11 games, scoring nine points, pulling six rebounds and blocking two shots.
Professional career
Mohamed was a fifth round pick for the Huntsville Flight in the 2001-02 inaugural draft of the National Basketball Development League (Now called NBA D-League).
Niang most recently played in Denmark for Aalborg in 2004, averaging 22.5 pts, 9 rebounds, 2 blocks and 1.4 assists. He coached the team the following season while recovering from ACL injury and signed up to be a player/coach for Everton Tigers during the summer of 2007.
Sources
National Basketball Development League Announces Inaugural Draft Results
Mohamed Niang - Sæson 2003- 2004 - Grundspillet
Mohamed Niang er ny cheftræner hos AaB Basket
Living people
Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball players
University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne alumni
Mersey Tigers players
Phoenix Hagen players
Senegalese men's basketball players
Senegalese expatriate basketball people in Denmark
Senegalese expatriate basketball people in the United Kingdom
Senegalese expatriate basketball people in the United States
Basketball players from Dakar
1976 births
Centers (basketball)
Power forwards
Senegalese expatriates in France
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in England |
13165396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Pignatiello | Tony Pignatiello | Tony Pignatiello (born 29 April 1968) is a retired Canadian soccer player who played at both professional and international levels as a midfielder.
Career
Pignatiello played club football for Toronto Italia, York Lions, North York Rockets, Toronto Blizzard and Nova Scotia Clippers.
Pignatiello represented Canada at the 1987 Pan American Games and at the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship.
Pignatiello earned twelve caps for the Canadian national side in 1988, scoring one goal.
References
1968 births
Living people
Soccer players from Toronto
Canada men's international soccer players
Canadian Soccer League (1987–1992) players
Canadian men's soccer players
Toronto Italia players
North York Rockets players
Toronto Blizzard (1986–1993) players
Nova Scotia Clippers players
Canada men's youth international soccer players
Canadian National Soccer League players
Men's association football midfielders
Pan American Games competitors for Canada
Footballers at the 1987 Pan American Games
Hamilton Steelers (1981–1992) players |
13165420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Only%20God%20%28Could%20Stop%20Me%20Loving%20You%29 | Only God (Could Stop Me Loving You) | "Only God (Could Stop Me Loving You)" is a song written by Robert John "Mutt" Lange that has been recorded by multiple artists. It was first recorded by American country music artist Billy Ray Cyrus for his third studio album Storm in the Heartland (1994). It was then recorded by Chris Ward for his only studio album One Step Beyond (1996). Lari White would also record a version, this time as a duet with Toby Keith, for her fourth studio album Stepping Stone (1998).
The first artist to release it as a single was Canadian band Emerson Drive. Their version was released on March 17, 2003, as the third and final single from their self-titled major label debut album (third album overall). It was not as successful as the previous singles, peaking at number 23 on the US Hot Country Songs chart.
Music video
The music video was directed by Steven Goldmann and premiered in mid-2003.
Charts
Emerson Drive's version peaked at number 23 on the US Hot Country Songs chart, spending twenty-four weeks on that chart.
Single chart usages for Billboardbubbling100
Single chart called without song
Year-end charts
References
1994 songs
2003 singles
Emerson Drive songs
Billy Ray Cyrus songs
Lari White songs
Toby Keith songs
Male–female vocal duets
Songs written by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Song recordings produced by James Stroud
Music videos directed by Steven Goldmann
DreamWorks Records singles
Song recordings produced by Julian King (recording engineer) |
13165422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Thomson%20%28footballer%2C%20fl.%201912%E2%80%931928%29 | James Thomson (footballer, fl. 1912–1928) | James Thomson (born in Dumbarton) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an outside left. During his career, he played for a number of clubs, including short spells at Clydebank Juniors, Renton, Manchester United, Dumbarton Harp and Clyde, followed by 11 years with St Mirren.
During his time at Manchester United, he made six appearances, scoring one goal, during the 1913–14 Football League season. He was part of the St Mirren team which won the Scottish Cup in 1926, beating Celtic (he had scored the winning goal in their semi-final victory over Rangers).
References
19th-century births
Year of death missing
Scottish men's footballers
Footballers from Dumbarton
Men's association football outside forwards
Clydebank Juniors F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
St Mirren F.C. players
Clyde F.C. players
Dumbarton Harp F.C. players
Dumbarton F.C. players
English Football League players
Scottish Football League players
Renton F.C. players |
13165431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawson%2C%20Colorado | Lawson, Colorado | Lawson is a small unincorporated community situated along Clear Creek in Clear Creek County, Colorado, United States. Lawson is a part of the Downieville-Lawson-Dumont census-designated place.
History
A post office called Lawson was established in 1877, and remained in operation until 1966. The community was named for Alexander Lawson, the proprietor of a local inn.
Geography
Lawson is located at (39.76395,-105.623674).
See also
Denver-Aurora Metropolitan Statistical Area
Denver-Aurora-Boulder Combined Statistical Area
Front Range Urban Corridor
List of cities and towns in Colorado
References
Unincorporated communities in Clear Creek County, Colorado
Unincorporated communities in Colorado
Denver metropolitan area |
13165463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelion%3A%202.0%20You%20Can%20%28Not%29%20Advance | Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance | is a 2009 Japanese animated science fiction action film written and chiefly directed by Hideaki Anno. It is the second of a tetralogy of films released in the Rebuild of Evangelion. The tetralogy is based on the original anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion. It was produced and co-distributed by Hideaki Anno's Studio Khara in partnership with Gainax.
The film continues the story of Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone, with Shinji Ikari continuing his role as a pilot of one of the gigantic Evangelion as part of NERV's ongoing fight against the mysterious creatures known as Angels. While replicating many scenes and plot elements from the original series, the film also introduces new ones, including newly designed creatures and new characters, such as Mari Illustrious Makinami, and integrates newly available 3D CG technology. Its ending paves the way for the significant storyline departures from the original series in Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo.
Plot
The Third Angel escapes its confinement and tries to break out of NERV's arctic Bethany Base, but Mari Illustrious Makinami, a new pilot, launches Evangelion Provisional Unit-05 and destroys the Angel by self-destructing the EVA and safely ejecting at the last moment.
Meanwhile, Shinji Ikari and his father Gendo visit mother and wife Yui's grave. Shortly after, the Seventh Angel attacks, but is quickly dispatched by the newly arrived Unit-02 and its headstrong pilot, Asuka Langley Shikinami. Ryoji Kaji delivers to Gendo a suitcase containing the mysterious "Key of Nebuchadnezzar" and notes that the destruction of Unit-05 went as planned. Gendo and Kozo Fuyutsuki then visit NERV's lunar compound, Tabgha Base, to view the construction of Evangelion Mark.06, which is noted as being different from the other EVAs. They are denied permission to land, but briefly see Kaworu Nagisa sitting in space without a space suit. During Gendo's absence, the Eighth Angel attacks Tokyo-3. Shinji, Asuka, and Rei kill it in an improvised plan devised by Misato Katsuragi. Both Unit-00 and Unit-01 are damaged. Gendo returns and asks to have them both repaired, but SEELE only allows the repair of Unit-01.
In an attempt to heal the relationship between Gendo and Shinji, Rei prepares a dinner party. At the same time, Mari arrives in Tokyo-3. Later, Unit-04 and NERV's U.S. branch are destroyed during an experiment, prompting the U.S. government to send Unit-03 to Tokyo-3. Due to an international agreement that allows no more than three functioning Evangelions per country at a time, NERV seals away Unit-02 and schedules a test of Unit-03 on the same day as Rei's dinner party; Asuka volunteers to take Rei's place as the test pilot, to prevent the party from getting cancelled. Once Asuka activates Unit-03, the Ninth Angel possesses the EVA and goes on a rampage. Shinji pilots Unit-01, but refuses to fight the Angel for fear of harming Asuka, who is still trapped inside. Gendo orders the activation of the Dummy System, which makes Unit-01 autonomous, and allows it to savagely destroy Unit-03, crushing the cockpit in its teeth. Emotionally wounded by his father's cold decision, Shinji leaves NERV.
Asuka survives, but is grievously injured and placed in quarantine for fear of mental contamination by the Angel. Shinji heads out of the city, but the Tenth Angel attacks, so he flees to an emergency shelter. Gendo fails to activate Unit-01 without Shinji, so Mari hijacks Unit-02 and heads out to fight the Angel alone. She removes Unit-02's limiters and launches an all-out attack, but the Angel severely damages Unit-02. Rei joins the fight with the damaged Unit-00 and charges at the Angel with a missile. The missile detonates, but fails to destroy the Angel. The Angel consumes Unit-00 and integrates it with its own body, allowing it to bypass NERV's defenses.
Upon seeing Rei consumed along with Unit-00, Shinji rushes to Gendo and asks to pilot Unit-01 again. Shinji fends off the Angel, but before he can defeat it, Unit-01 runs out of power and shuts down. Unit-01 reactivates in berserk mode in response to Shinji's rage at the loss of Rei. It easily takes down the Angel, and Shinji uses the EVA to reach inside the Angel's core to save Rei. Unit-01 then starts transcending its physical boundaries to grant Shinji's wish. At the moment Shinji retrieves Rei, Unit-01 pulls Unit-00's core out of the Angel. As they embrace, Shinji thanks Rei for her attempt to reconcile him with Gendo. She apologizes that it was not realized, but Shinji assures her it was okay. The Angel explodes and its remains, along with Unit-00's core, are absorbed into Unit-01, fusing them all into one being. Unit-01 then sprouts giant wings of light, and Misato, who has been watching the battle, sees that they are identical to the ones she saw during Second Impact. Ritsuko realizes that the EVA has become a divine being, triggering Third Impact and declares this to be the end of the world.
In a post-credits scene, a spear shoots down from the Moon and impales Unit-01 in the middle of its apotheosis, neutralizing it and stopping Third Impact. Kaworu then descends from the Moon in Mark.06, saying that this time, he will show Shinji true happiness.
Cast
Production
In September 2006, it was confirmed the second film produced as part of the Rebuild of Evangelion series, with a release date tentatively set for January 2008 and a 90-minute running time. In November 2006, the December edition of the Japanese anime magazine Newtype confirmed the second film was written during post-production on the first film. Anno stated the introduction of new characters and Evangelion units would begin from the second film onwards. The release date was pushed back several times from the original announcement of January 2008: first, to a December 2008 release before an update on the official website on October 6, 2008 announced the official English title and an "early summer 2009" release date. A final postponement revealed that the film would be released on June 27, 2009.
Music
In May 2009, Hikaru Utada returned to the series and provided the theme song for the film, "Beautiful World (Planitb Acoustica Mix)". Utada previously released "Beautiful World" for Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone in 2007. A soundtrack album featuring the film's score by Shirō Sagisu was released on July 8, 2009 in both the regular and special editions. The special edition contains a bonus disc featuring score selections not edited to fit into the film. The film also inserted popular Japanese folk songs, "Tsubasa o Kudasai" and "Kyō no Hi wa Sayōnara", performed by Megumi Hayashibara.
Release
The film's initial teaser trailer, shown after the end credits of Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone in the style of the "next episode" previews in the original TV series, hinted at the adoption of Unit-02 and its pilot Asuka Langley Shikinami and showed scenes inspired by the original series (the disappearance of Unit-04 upon the startup of its S2 engine, the possession of Unit-03 by Bardiel, Evangelion Units 01 and 02 fighting Zeruel) as well as new material (the newly designed Units 05 and 06 and the unintroduced new character of Mari Makinami). A full trailer was released on April 2, 2009. The character Makinami Mari Illustrious, teased in the teaser trailer and appearing in the Nintendo DS game as a character picture prize with the name of and the simple description of "Mysterious girl", was introduced in the April 18 EVA-EXTRA01 paper magazine by her full name, following the Evangelion naval naming convention, with Maaya Sakamoto as her voice actress. Similarly, theatrical posters revealed that the character Asuka's family name would be changed from Sohryu to Shikinami.
Evangelion 2.0 made its International/US premiere at the Hawaii International Film Festival on October 24, 2009. The film made its Canadian premiere at Waterloo Festival for Animated Cinema on November 21, 2009. On December 3, 2009, the film was released in Hong Kong and South Korea. In Australia, the film made its premiere at the Reel Anime Festival in September 2010. The film premiered in Ireland on March 20, 2010 as a part of the Irish Film Institute Anime Weekend. The film screened on July 10, 2010 as a part of the Fantasia Film Festival in Montreal. The film made its European premiere at Lucca Comics & Games 2009 on November 1, 2009 and was screened at the Asia Filmfest in Munich on November 6, 2009. Despite former announcements, Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance was not screened at the Animotion festival in Bonn because of licensing problems. The film also competed in the Sitges Film Festival in Catalonia, Spain on October 4, 2009 in the Anima't category. In North America, Cinema Asia Releasing, Eleven Arts and Funimation announced that Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance would premiere in the United States in January 2011. It was originally planned to premiere in 70–100 theaters. However, Funimation released a statement in December 2010 confirming that it would be released in 22 theatres.
Singapore: November 12, 2009 at The Cathay/The Picturehouse.
South Korea: December 3, 2009.
Hong Kong: December 3, 2009.
Malaysia: March 4, 2010 at The Cathay Cineplex e@Curve and TGV at Sunway (after fans' petition in the forum and Facebook).
Belgium: Anima: Brussels Animation Film Festival 2010. February 13 and 20, 2010.
United Kingdom: Glasgow Film Festival on February 15, 2010 at 5:45pm.
Estonia: 4.JAFF (Japanese Animation Film Festival) in Tallinn and Tartu on April 4, 2010
Indonesia: screening nationwide, beginning from July 16, 2010, only at Blitz Megaplex theaters. Distribution rights held by Pratama Film.
Evangelion 2.0 was broadcast on Nippon TV on August 26, 2011 under the name Evangelion 2.02. Simultaneously, the TV edition was played in 5 Japanese theaters; the TV broadcast of 2.0 received higher ratings than did 1.0. At the end of the broadcast, a trailer for Evangelion 3.0 was included, with an official release date of Fall 2012.
Home media
The DVD and Blu-ray release in Japan took place on May 26, 2010; unlike the 2 DVD versions of 1.0, it was released as 2.22 with "readjustments". Universum Film's German release was on September 17, 2010. The Japanese release set an Amazon.co.jp record for pre-orders, with more than 88,000, and ultimately over 800,000 pre-orders in general; upon release, it set first-day sales records (124,000 DVDs and 195,000 Blu-ray discs), topping Blu-ray sales for 4 weeks.
At Otakon 2010, North American anime distributor Funimation announced that they had licensed Evangelion 2.0 and would plan a theatrical release followed by a DVD and Blu-ray release on April 5, 2011. The release date was later brought forward to March 29, 2011 for the United States, but the original release date was retained for Canada. The film grossed over in DVD and Blu-ray sales in the United States.
In May 2010, British anime distributor Manga Entertainment had announced plans to release Evangelion 2.0 in the U.K. and were waiting on Funimation to announce production dates; in December 2010, the release dates for the Blu-ray and DVD of 2.22 were announced to be June 2011. Later, the date was changed for an early release on May 30, but then finally pushed back to the original month, on June 20. Australian distributor Madman Entertainment released Evangelion 2.22 on Blu-ray and DVD on June 15, 2011 under exclusive license from NTV & Manga Entertainment. This time, Madman's DVD included all special features on the one disc, unlike its DVD release of 1.11, which came with one disc (whereas the North American DVD releases of both movies have two discs) and missing some special features (the Blu-ray came with all intact).
In 2021, Amazon Studios acquired the streaming rights to all of the Rebuild of Evangelion films. The 2.22 version of the film became available on the streaming service on August 13, 2021. It featured full re-dubbings of all Rebuild films, including several voice actors from the A.D. Vision and Manga Entertainment localizations of the original series and films, in place of the mostly new cast used in the Funimation adaptations of the Rebuild series and Netflix's adaptation of the series. Like Netflix's release, it also included a full re-translation by Khara's in-house translator, Dan Kanemitsu.
Merchandise
Character designer Yoshiyuki Sadamoto designed three Be@rbrick figures of Asuka, Rei, and Mari, which went on sale on March 14, 2009 and were also available as a bundle with advance film ticket purchases. NTT DoCoMo and Sharp released a production model of the "SH-06A NERV" phone featured in the film, which Hideaki Anno and Studio Khara supervised in designing. The phone, only available in Japan between June and July 2009, was originally set for 20,000 pre-order units and 10,000 for retail sales. After selling out all pre-orders in only five hours, NTT docomo announced they would be manufacturing an additional 7,500 units to meet all orders. In August 2009, ABC-Mart, King Records, and Achilles released sneakers based on the design of Evangelion Unit-01 as part of "The Footstep Instrumentality Project." Ueshima Coffee Co., as with Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone, released coffee cans decorated with Evangelion characters and their Evangelion units. Medicon released "Real Action Heroes" action figures of Shinji, Rei, Asuka, and Kaworu in restyled plugsuits in August, September, and November 2009 and May 2010, while Bandai released its own line of action figures with Mari Illustrious Makinami and two separate sets of Gashapon figures in May and July 2009. Bandai also released several action figures from their Robot Damashii line of Unit-00 (Tamashii exclusive), Unit-01 (regular and night combat version) Unit-02 (regular and beast mode), and Unit-03. Lawson released Asuka, Rei, and Pen2 PuchiEva figures to be sold with advance ticket purchases. Revoltech introduced several other action figures, including Unit-01 (normal and berserker modes), Unit-02, and Unit-05 (normal and repainted) as well as special exclusives available from magazine inserts (Unit-03) and 7-Elevens (Unit-00).
The 320-page art book for 2.0, Groundwork of Evangelion 2.0, was released May 28, 2011 for ¥3,675.
Reception
Box office
In its opening weekend in Japan, the film reached number-one at the box office with a revenue of . The film subsequently grossed () at the Japanese box office in 2009, making it the year's second highest-grossing anime film. A 2020 Japan re-release grossed $433,850, totaling grossed in Japan.
The film's North American box office take was over $130,000, an improvement over 1.0. The film grossed $858,409 overseas by 2011, and a further $47,103 in Australia and New Zealand in 2017, for an overseas total of , bringing the film's worldwide box office gross to .
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, Evangelion 2.0 has an 82% with an average score of 6.4/10, based on 11 reviews. On Metacritic, the movie has a score of 45 based on 4 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Justin Sevakis of Anime News Network praised the new character interactions and development, stating "Evangelion 2.0 feels as though the project has been put on mood stabilizers: it's not any happier, but it's more stable and certainly more focused. And in the end, it's a vast improvement."<ref>See also Time Out Chicagos review : "...more screen time is given to the characters' personal lives and professional agendas than in the first film. Lead character Shinji's emotional struggles in particular add some welcome human depth to a confounding and still-unfolding plotline..."</ref> Reviewing the US Blu-ray release for ANN, Theron Martin wrote that 2.0'''s Asuka is "distinct from the get-go, too, as she is less bratty and more aggressively antisocial than the first one. She may have initially seemed to be the most socially adjusted Eva pilot in the TV series, but here she makes no pretenses about liking anyone – not even Kaji, whom she hopelessly mooned over in the TV series but doesn't give a second thought here – and seems motivated as much by establishing herself in a future career path in NERV as she is by her personal pride" and praised Anno's technique where "the peak moments of the most gruesome [scene] are set to a gentle, vocalized children's song which, paradoxically, makes the scenes all the more horrific."
Mania.com reviewer Chris Beveridge wrote that "watching the second installment of Evangelion is more rewarding and more difficult than the first. It's more rewarding because you're seeing this interpretation taking on its own life fully, from the way Asuka is introduced, the new character of Mari and the larger scope of how the world works with Evangelion units...They go big here with a lot of changes, changes that could annoy and irk the faithful, but it's an interpretation that is doing something different at this point and it does it well, giving it all the kind of smoothness it needs, even if it does feel rushed sometimes when there are so many Angel fights throughout it." Many reviews praised the action scenes (the Boston Globe criticizing their aesthetic as "exhausting"); The Toronto Star writes: "Sparing no time to get newbies up to speed, Evangelion 2.0 will undoubtedly confound some viewers with its jam-packed narrative and jargon-heavy dialogue but the intricately designed, hyper-kinetic visuals more than compensate, especially when seen at the scale they deserve."See also the Los Angeles Times review : "Trying to comprehend the jargon-rife storylines and high-minded philosophical talk is a demanding task when the pace is so unforgiving, which suggests that this new concentrated "Evangelion" might best be appreciated by those who remember the psychological nuances of the small-screen version. Amid the eye-popping bursts of spirographic CGI imagery there are dramatically interesting kernels, though, like the character of gung-ho pilot Asuka, and dehumanizing issues surrounding high-tech warfare." The Chicago Sun-Times likewise praised the action, but criticized the soundtrack for being "a weird array of elevator-style music."The Kansas City Star's reviewer wrote "The peripheral characters are hard to keep track of, and a medieval theologian would be weirded out by all the mystical gibberish", but also praised the "terrific battle scenes and gorgeous animation. Those elements don't compensate for every shortcoming, but they make a challenging genre much easier for novices to enjoy." NAW: "Having introduced Mari so vividly, though, the film forgets about her for about 40 minutes....She doesn't reappear until halfway through the film. And her purpose remains elusive." Fort Worth Weeklys reviewer, on the other hand, praised the mystical gibberish and otaku references: "this movie trafficks in Judeo-Christian symbolism and references that often lean toward the obscure. This, along with its meta-commentary on anime itself and the ways its fans relate to it, helps set the movie apart from its fellows."
Accolades
The film won first place in the Animation category of the French Lyon Asian Film Festival, narrowly beating Symphony in August in an audience vote. It won the award for Excellent Animation of the Year by being nominated for the Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year in 2010. Stills and draft materials from 2.0 by Hideaki Anno were exhibited at in Germany as part of the Proto Anime Cut exhibition in January–March 2011, with a European tour planned in summer 2012.
Sequel
The next film in the series, Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo, was previewed in a post-credits trailer, continuing the story with Shinji and Rei still frozen within Unit-01, Tokyo-3 and the Geofront being abandoned, "NERV personnel [being] held in confinement," "Eva Mark-06 descend[ing] on Dogma," "the quickening Eva Unit-08 and its pilot," and the assembling of "the children chosen by fate." The film was released in Japan on November 17, 2012, but with a radically different plotline compared to the one teased in the preview. It was released on Blu-ray and DVD in Japan on April 24, 2013 with the title Evangelion: 3.33 You Can (Not) Redo. On June 12, 2021, the final film of the tetralogy, Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time, received a re-release called 3.0+1.01, that included a prequel manga set during the events 3.0 called Evangelion 3.0 (-120 min.)'', written by co-director Kazuya Tsurumaki at Hideaki Anno's initiative.
References
Text was copied/adapted from Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance at EvaGeeks wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license
External links
The Evangelion 2.0 Complete Records Collection -(; production interviews with Hideaki Anno, Kazuya Tsurumaki, etc.)
2009 anime films
2009 films
2000s monster movies
Animated films set in the 2010s
Animated films set in the future
Anime films composed by Shirō Sagisu
Films directed by Hideaki Anno
Films directed by Kazuya Tsurumaki
Films set in 2015
Films with screenplays by Hideaki Anno
Khara
Funimation
Japanese science fiction action films
2000s Japanese-language films
Mecha anime and manga
Neon Genesis Evangelion films
Kaiju films
Giant monster films |
13165468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocumatidae | Pseudocumatidae | Pseudocumatidae is a family of crustaceans of the order Cumacea. Its members have a small, free telson. The uropods bear endopods (interior branch) on one segment. The males have two pairs of rather rudimentary pleopods and the flagella of the second antenna reach far beyond the pereon. In females the second antenna is much smaller than the first antenna.
References
External links
Cumacea
Malacostraca families |
13165475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonum%20sane | Bonum sane | is a motu proprio on Saint Joseph written by Pope Benedict XV and delivered on July 25, 1920.
In 1870 Pope Pius IX issued the decree "Quemadmodum Deus", proclaiming Saint Joseph Patron of the Church. In commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the proclamation, in 1920 Pope Benedict XV issued a motu proprio, "".
Description
In it Benedict takes notes of the economic hardship and moral laxity occasioned by the recent World War, and cautions about "the advent of a universal republic, which is based on the absolute equality of men and the communion of goods, and in which there is no longer any distinction of nationality, does not recognize the authority of the father upon the children, nor the public authorities and citizens, nor of God on the men in civilian consortium. All things which, if implemented, would lead to terrible social convulsions, like that already happening now in no small part of Europe."
He proposed that instead of being drawn to socialism, "the sworn enemy of Christian principles", working men should follow Saint Joseph as their guide and special patron.
Benedict quoted his predecessor, Leo XIII:
He emphasized that the family is the "core and basis" of human society, and encouraged families to be guided by the example of the Holy Family. Benedict affirmed that strengthening the domestic society with purity, harmony and fidelity, would not only effect an improvement in private morals, but also in the life of the community.
Referencing the practices of honoring St. Joseph during the month of March, and on Wednesdays, he called on the bishops to promote veneration of Saint Joseph.
Notes
External links
Bonum Sane (nl)
Pope Benedict XV, Bonum sane, June 25, 1920, Copyright Libreria Editrice Vaticana
"Quemadmodum Deus"
1920 in Christianity
1920 documents
20th-century Christian texts
Latin words and phrases
Motu proprio of Pope Benedict XV |
13165500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20P222 | HMS P222 | HMS P222 was a third-batch S-class submarine built for the Royal Navy during World War II. Commissioned in 1942, the boat had an uneventful first war patrol in the Alboran Sea. She intercepted the Vichy French merchant ship SS Mitidja in July, then provided protection for an Allied convoy to Malta in Operation Pedestal the next month. The navy intended that she was to be sighted on the surface by enemy aircraft to discourage potential attacks by surface warships. Though P222 did not encounter enemy forces, the convoy arrived at its destination on 15 August after sustaining severe losses. She then reconnoitred along the coast of Algeria in advance of Operation Torch, and was attacked by a French patrol ship, but sustained no damage.
On 30 November, P222 departed Gibraltar to patrol off Naples, Italy, but failed to return at Algiers. The claimed to have sunk a submarine with depth charges on 12 December, south-east of Capri. This remains the most probable cause of her loss, although the sinking has never been confirmed.
Design and description
The S-class submarines were intended to patrol the restricted waters of the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The third batch were slightly enlarged and improved over the preceding second batch of the S class. The submarines had a length of overall, a beam of and a draught of . They displaced on the surface and submerged. The S-class submarines had a crew of 48 officers and ratings. They had a diving depth of .
For surface running, the boats were powered by two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a electric motor. They could reach on the surface and underwater. On the surface, the third-batch boats had a range of at and at submerged.
P222 was armed with six 21-inch torpedo tubes in the bow. She carried six reload torpedoes for the bow tubes for a grand total of a dozen torpedoes. Twelve mines could be carried in lieu of the torpedoes. The boat was also equipped with a 3-inch (76 mm) deck gun. The third-batch S-class boats were fitted with either a Type 129AR or 138 ASDIC system and a Type 291 or 291W early-warning radar.
Construction and career
Ordered on 4 April 1940 as part of the 1940 Naval Programme, P222 was laid down on 10 August by Vickers Armstrong at their shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness. She was launched on 20 September 1941. On 2 May 1942, she shifted from the builder's yard to Holy Loch, where she was commissioned two days later. The submarine was lost before a name could be given to her, she is known as "P222", her pennant number. After undergoing training, P222 arrived at Elderslie on 25 May, then sailed for Kames Bay on 1 June. From 2 to 12 June, she conducted exercises off the Clyde River area, then sailed to Gibraltar along with , arriving there on 23 June.
On 29 and 30 June, she conducted training exercises off Gibraltar with several other British ships. P222 then departed on 2 July for her first war patrol, in the Alboran Sea. She returned to port on 10 July, having sighted no enemy ships. After additional exercises, she departed Gibraltar again on 18 July with orders to patrol off the west coast of Sardinia. Her orders were changed on 23 July to intercept the Vichy French merchant ship off Cape Palos, Spain. Three days later, P222 successfully intercepted and boarded her target, which was then escorted to Gibraltar by . On 28 July, the boat returned to port, ending her second war patrol.
P222 departed Gibraltar on 2 August for a patrol in the Sicilian Channel, with additional orders to provide cover for Operation Pedestal, a British convoy to carry supplies to Malta. On 13 August, along with seven other Royal Navy submarines, she accompanied the convoy on the surface; the intent was that the submarines would be sighted by enemy aircraft and discourage potential attacks from enemy warships. Though the boat did not encounter enemy forces, the convoy operation was a British strategic success, and P222 returned to Gibraltar on 22 August.
After an uneventful patrol from 1 to 19 September, the boat was ordered to conduct reconnaissance along landing beaches east of Oran, in preparation for the Allied landings in North Africa. On 8 November, she was attacked by a Vichy French , which dropped several depth charges but caused no damage. P222 returned to port on 19 November 1942.
P222 left Gibraltar to patrol off Naples on 30 November. She sent a number of messages on 7 December, but after that date no further communication was received. She failed to arrive at Algiers on her due date and was reported overdue on 21 December. The claimed to have sunk a submarine with depth charges on 12 December, south-east of Capri. This remains the most probable cause of the submarine's loss, but there has been no confirmation. Her wreck was claimed to have been found off Cape Negro, Tunisia, by a Belgian amateur diver, but that has not been confirmed. This last claim can be dismissed as signals to and from the submarine clearly show she was following a route that skirted the coast of southern Sardinia and thus could not have strayed in Tunisian waters.
Notes
References
External links
HMS P222 at Uboat.net
SUBMARINE LOSSES 1904 TO PRESENT DAY
British S-class submarines (1931)
Royal Navy ship names
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
1941 ships
World War II submarines of the United Kingdom
Lost submarines of the United Kingdom
Warships lost in combat with all hands
Missing submarines of World War II
Maritime incidents in December 1942
Submarines sunk by Italian warships |
13165502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%201995%20box%20office%20number-one%20films%20in%20the%20United%20States | List of 1995 box office number-one films in the United States | This is a list of films which have placed number one at the weekend box office in the United States during 1995.
Number-one films
Highest-grossing films
Calendar Gross
Highest-grossing films of 1995 by Calendar Gross
In-Year Release
See also
List of American films — American films by year
Lists of box office number-one films
References
Chronology
1995
United States
1995 in American cinema |
13165508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisela%20of%20France%2C%20Countess%20of%20Ponthieu | Gisela of France, Countess of Ponthieu | Gisèle of France (c. 968 – 1002) was the daughter of Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine. She married Count Hugh I of Ponthieu around 994. Gisela's children by Hugh included:
Enguerrand I of Ponthieu
Giselberthe de Encre (c. 990-1041)
Alexis de Bernâtre (c. 1000-1057)
Guy of Ponthieu
References
Sources
French princesses
French countesses
960s births
1002 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
10th-century French women
11th-century French women
11th-century French people
10th-century French nobility
11th-century French nobility
Daughters of kings |
13165529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defuser | Defuser | The Defuser is a superhero created and originally portrayed by Austin, Texas police detective Jarrett Crippen on the reality television series Who Wants to Be a Superhero?. As a result of winning the show in its second season, his character is the subject of a Dark Horse Comics comic book written by Jeremy Barlow with art by Kajo Baldisimo and appeared in a Sci Fi Channel original movie entitled Lightning Strikes in 2009.
Fictional character biography
The Defuser is an expert paramilitary superhero who uses non-lethal weaponry and gadgets to stop villains. He has the unique ability to function at 110 percent (this boosts his speed, strength, agility, reflexes, hearing, and eyesight) making him slightly more formidable than virtually any single foe. He has a night vision to a range of 60 feet. The Defuser is susceptible to bright light (he must wear protective eyewear or he risks being blinded). He does not harm his foes severely with weapons. His archenemies are drug dealers. His catchphrase is, "When the Defuser's around, the bad guys are going down!"
In The Defuser's Dark Horse comic, he fought a plane full of hijackers hand-to-hand to save the passengers, which included his wife Norma. He also, with the help of a sympathetic robot cop, disabled an artificial intelligence determined to preserve its own existence by destroying him.
Jarrett Crippen
Jarrett Crippen is also the director and founder of SCARE for a CURE, a non-profit charity and interactive haunted adventure modeled after, and using many of the same talented volunteers, as Richard Garriott's Britannia Manor and Wild Basin's Haunted Trails. Scare for a Cure started as a haunted house that Jarrett put on in his back yard, asking for donations of canned food for local food banks. It grew year by year, with help from the drama troupes of local high schools. In 2007, shortly after winning the Who Wants to Be a Superhero reality show, Jarrett moved his production to the Austin Elk's lodge. That was when he was joined by many of the volunteers who had done Britannia Manor and Haunted Trails in years past. Props and costumes stored at the Wild Basin wilderness preserve were also given to SCARE for a CURE.
The resulting interactive haunted adventure raised close to $10,000 for breast cancer charities and Elk's club sponsored scholarships in 2007, and awarded four $2500 scholarships to deserving students adversely affected by cancer in 2008. In 2009, SCARE went back to its roots. With Richard Garriott's blessing, it relocated to his partially built (and never finished) Britannia Manor Mark 2. SCARE was held at that location for 2 years. The 2009 haunt logged over 12,000 volunteer hours from nearly 300 volunteers. In 2011, the interactive haunt re-located to the Ghost Town in Manor, Texas, 14219 Littig Road, where it has operated every year since, with the exception of 2020. In 2020, it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. SCARE now primarily supports the Breast Cancer Resource Center of Texas (BCRC) along with other charities. They raised $45,000 for BCRC in 2019. The all-volunteer crew has included teams from Sony Online Entertainment, Office Max, Americorp, Austin Art Institute, and students from Austin Sunshine Camps and Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired/Criss Cole Rehabilitation Center.
The same organization also put on epic fantasy interactive adventures in the spring called "Quest Night" from 2012 to the present, although the 2021 event was cancelled due to COVID-19. This included a Dungeons & Dragons style of play where patrons became fighters and magic users and clerics, and fights with monsters in this live action interactive theater experience were often decided by the roll of dice.
Since 2010, Crippen has served as emcee, panel moderator, and public speaker for Wizard World and other comic conventions across the country. He was known for always wearing a colorful bow tie, and doing a lot of special panels and costume contests for children. He was also frequently a general aid and frequent interview panel moderator for the late Stan Lee who was hard of hearing. Crippen has a deep, clear voice making it easier for Mr. Lee to hear and answer questions he was asked, and they knew each other from Who Wants to Be a Superhero. Crippen continued to emcee comic conventions periodically until 2018.
Crippen used to make amateur movies with friends who also tried out for Who Wants to Be a Superhero, making mini-movies of The Defuser and sidekicks Gravnos and XSeven, with enemy the Punk that could be seen on YouTube and on the Defuser's Myspace page.
He was an active member of the Champion's server chat forum, and co-founder of the Megaforce supergroup for the online game City of Heroes. Since its resurrection as a free-to-play game, he has again become an avid City of Heroes player.
In 2017, Crippen retired as an Austin Police officer with the rank of Master Detective after 25 years of service in the APD, including teaching as an Austin Police Academy instructor.
References
External links
The Defuser on Myspace
Austin Chronicle article with picture of The Defuser and Richard Garriott in Gen British uniform
Newsday.com article with picture of The Defuser with Stan Lee
Podcast interview with Jarrett Crippen
www.scareforacure.org
The Defuser comic from Dark Horse
Dark Horse Comics superheroes
Fictional characters with superhuman strength
Fictional police officers in comics
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Participants in American reality television series
Fictional private military members
Reality show winners |
13165544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20station%20%28Amtrak%29 | Eugene station (Amtrak) | Eugene station (alternately Eugene–Springfield station) is a train station in Eugene, Oregon, United States. It is served by Amtrak's Coast Starlight passenger train and is the southern terminus of the Amtrak Cascades corridor. The station is also served by the Cascades POINT bus service.
History
The station was built in 1908 by the Southern Pacific Railroad and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Southern Pacific Passenger Depot in 2007.
The current station is the third passenger depot built at this location. Built of masonry, it is one of five masonry depots that still exist along the original Southern Pacific West Coast line. The other depots are in Albany, Medford, Roseburg and Salem.
When Amtrak took over intercity rail operations in 1971, it cut back service to a single train through Eugene, what eventually became the Coast Starlight. A brief attempt at corridor service began in 1980 with the Willamette Valley, but ended in 1981. For the next 13 years, the only intercity service through Eugene was the Coast Starlight, which arrived northbound at lunchtime and southbound during the afternoon rush. However, in 1994, Amtrak extended the Seattle-Portland Mount Rainier to Eugene on a trial basis. This proved successful enough that the train was renamed the Cascadia in 1995. The Cascadia was merged into Amtrak Cascades along with all of Amtrak's other Pacific Northwest services in 1998, and a Portland-Eugene round trip was added in 2000.
Southern Pacific sold the building to the Jenova Land Company in 1993, and ten years later the city of Eugene bought the depot as part of a plan to develop a regional transportation center. In 2004, the city oversaw a $4.5 million restoration project. Workers restored the exterior brickwork and trim and gutted and renovated the interior. New tile floors, oak and fir trim, covered ceilings, wooden benches and expanded bathrooms were installed.
See also
Southern Pacific Railroad Passenger Station and Freight House — another former Southern Pacific station in Springfield on the NRHP
Oregon Electric Railway Passenger Station — adjacent former interurban railway station on the NRHP
References
External links
Waymarking.com gallery with old postcard images
National Register nomination
Amtrak Stations Database
Amtrak stations in Oregon
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1908
Former Southern Pacific Railroad stations in Oregon
Buildings and structures in Eugene, Oregon
Transportation in Eugene, Oregon
National Register of Historic Places in Eugene, Oregon
1908 establishments in Oregon
Transportation buildings and structures in Lane County, Oregon |
13165547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20One%20Standing%20%28Emerson%20Drive%20song%29 | Last One Standing (Emerson Drive song) | "Last One Standing" is a song by the Canadian country music group Emerson Drive. It was produced and co-written by American musician Richard Marx, with extra writing from Fee Waybill. It was released on January 19, 2004, as the second single to their fourth studio album (second as Emerson Drive) What If? (2004).
It reached a peak position of number 21 on the US Hot Country Songs chart, becoming their fourth top-30 hit. It also briefly charted at number 89 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 25 on the Radio & Records Canada Country chart.
Music video
Trey Fanjoy, who directed the video for "Fall into Me", directed the video for "Last One Standing". It debuted to CMT on January 25, 2004.
Track listing
Charts
Single chart usages for Billboardcountrysongs
Single chart called without song
Year-end charts
References
2004 singles
2004 songs
Emerson Drive songs
Songs written by Richard Marx
Songs written by Fee Waybill
DreamWorks Records singles |
13165548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narberth%20Hundred | Narberth Hundred | The Hundred of Narberth was a hundred in Pembrokeshire, Wales. An administrative and legal division, it was formed by the Act of Union of 1536 from parts of the pre-Norman cantrefs of Penfro (the commote of Coedrath) and Cantref Gwarthaf (the commote of Efelfre).
Name
It derived its Welsh name, Arberth, from the town and district of the same name, which means "(district) by the wood" (i.e. the forest of Coedrath), and which was the headquarters of the hundred.
Region
The hundred spanned the linguistic boundary, with the parishes of Velfrey being identified by George Owen as Welsh-speaking, and the southern coastal part being English-speaking, part of Little England beyond Wales. The area in 1887 was .
Demographics
The hundred incorporated twenty two parishes. The parliamentary election polling book for 1812 is held at the National Library of Wales. The 1821 census provided detailed demographics for the hundred. The total population was 11,321, living in 2,249 properties. At the 1831 census, the hundred had a population of 11,942 in 2,343 houses. The population was quoted as 11,469 in an 1887 gazetteer.
Land tax assessments for 1857 to 1949 are held at Pembrokeshire Archives.
Discontinuation
The hundred courts declined from the 17th century, and most of their powers were extinguished with the establishment of county courts in 1867. Until 1974 Wales was divided into civil parishes, which to some extent coincided with ecclesiastical parishes, and in 1975 it was divided into communities.
The jurisdiction of hundred courts was finally curtailed by the Administration of Justice Act 1977.
References
Hundreds of Pembrokeshire
Narberth, Pembrokeshire |
13165608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Litovchenko | Alexander Litovchenko | Alexander Dmitrievich Litovchenko (; ; – ) was a Russian painter. He specialized in depicting Muscovite Russia of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Biography
Litovchenko attended the Imperial Academy of Arts and, although criticised by his peers for rather stilted compositions, was awarded a lesser gold medal for his rendering of Charon transporting the souls of the dead across the Styx. Along with several other young painters, he challenged the spirit of academism that was prevalent at the Academy and in 1863 left it to become a freelance painter, joining the Peredvizhniki movement in 1876.
In 1868, Litovchenko was recognized as an academician for his picture of a falconer serving at the court of Tsar Alexis (one of his several versions of the subject). Among his larger paintings, Ivan the Terrible Showing His Treasures to Jerome Horsey (1875) was purchased by the Tsar for the Alexander III Museum in St. Petersburg, and Tsar Alexis and Archbishop Nikon Venerating the Relics of Patriarch Philip (1886) was acquired by Pavel Tretyakov for his collection in Moscow (as were the finest of his portraits).
Litovchenko is also remembered as the author of seven murals in the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow and a set of icons for the Crimean War memorial in Sevastopol.
References
Further reading
External links
1835 births
1890 deaths
People from Kremenchuk
People from Poltava Governorate
19th-century painters from the Russian Empire
Male painters from the Russian Empire
People from the Russian Empire of Ukrainian descent
Ukrainian male painters
Russian history painters
Peredvizhniki
19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg) |
13165619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Murray%20%28English%20footballer%29 | Jimmy Murray (English footballer) | James Robert Murray (11 October 1935 – 27 September 2008) was an English footballer, who spent the majority of his league career with Wolverhampton Wanderers.
Career
Murray was signed up by Wolves as a youngster and turned professional in November 1953. He spent a few seasons in the reserves before he finally made his league debut on 12 November 1955 in a 2–0 win over Charlton Athletic.
He quickly established himself within the team that season, scoring 11 goals, and remained a prolific scorer for the club over the following seasons. In 1957/58, he was the leading goalscorer as the club captured the league title, which they retained the next season. Murray also won an FA Cup winners medal in 1960, as he played in the 3–0 final win over Blackburn Rovers.
His time at Molineux also saw him appearing in European games, and scoring against the likes of Barcelona. He finally left for Manchester City for £27,000 in November 1963 after scoring a total of 166 goals in 299 senior games, ending as leading goalscorer in three seasons.
At Maine Road, the striker was part of the side that won promotion back to the top flight in 1965/66, before ending his league career at Third Division Walsall. He finished his playing days with two seasons at non-league Telford United, where he reached two successive FA Trophy finals (one victoriously).
After ending his playing career, Murray ran a greengrocers in Tamworth and later worked for a contract car company. He died in Lichfield, where he had resided, on 27 September 2008 from prostate cancer, aged 72.
Honours
Wolverhampton Wanderers
FA Cup: 1959–60
References
External links
Obituary
1935 births
2008 deaths
Sportspeople from Dover, Kent
Footballers from Kent
English men's footballers
England men's under-23 international footballers
English Football League players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Deaths from prostate cancer in England
Men's association football forwards
English Football League representative players
Telford United F.C. players |
13165627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian%20Railways | Armenian Railways | Armenian Railways () was a rail operator in Armenia.
Main information
The , gauge network is electrified at 3 kV DC. Now the railways in Armenia are operated by South Caucasus Railway of Russian Railways.
The railway operating environment in Armenia sharply deteriorated following the collapse of the Soviet Union. According to the World Bank, Armenian Railways was in dramatic need of major investment, including the replacement of rolling stock, rehabilitation of the main line between Yerevan and the Georgian border, renewal of electrification, and bridge reconstruction. Rail transport was slow and unreliable, and traffic remained low compared to European countries with similar sized networks, amounting to only 2.6 million tons of freight and 0.85 million passengers in 2004.
At present the only preexisting rail connection between Armenia and Iran is the line which passes through the autonomous region of Nakhchivan, an exclave of Azerbaijan. However, because the border between the two countries is closed, the line from Yerevan is operational only as far as Yeraskh.
Armenian Railways Concession to Russian Railways
In 2007, the government of Armenia conducted a tender process for the modernization and operation of Armenian Railways, with the intention of awarding a concession in 2008. RITES and Russian Railways qualified to bid but RITES, an Indian Railways company, later withdrew. Russian Railways was the only bidder and established South Caucasus Railway CJSC as a wholly owned subsidiary to run the former Armenian Railways.
On 1 June 2008, South Caucasus Railway officially commenced its modernization and operation program and, as part of the concession agreement, received assets owned by Armenian Railways consisting of 2,000 freight cars, 58 passenger coaches, 85 locomotives and 30 electric trains. All 4,300 personnel formerly employed by Armenian Railways retained their jobs. The concession agreement was concluded for 30 years, with a right of extension for another 20 years after the first 20 years of operation.
Armenia-Iran Railway Concession to Rasia FZE (Southern Armenia Railway or North-South Railway Corridor)
On July 28, 2012, a concession agreement was awarded to Dubai-based Rasia FZE (a Rasia Group investment company) for the feasibility, design, financing, construction and operation of a new railway link between Armenia and Iran having an operating period of 30 years, with a right of extension for another 20 years. The Armenia-Iran railway is called the Southern Armenia Railway project, which forms the key missing link in the International North-South Transport Corridor between the Black Sea and the Persian Gulf. Prior to the feasibility study being completed, the Southern Armenia Railway was anticipated to be a 316 km railway linking Gavar, 50 km east of Yerevan near Lake Sevan, with the Iranian border near Meghri.
On 24 January 2013, during an announcement and press conference, the Chairman of Rasia Group, Joseph K. Borkowski, announced the previously signed Southern Armenia Railway concession agreement as well as the concession agreement for the southern section of the North-South Road Corridor. A separate tripartite memorandum of understanding was signed in Yerevan by Rasia FZE, Russian Railways (RZD) subsidiary South Caucasus Railway, and the government of the Republic of Armenia concerning technical cooperation, investment, and the future operation of the Southern Armenia Railway. Rasia FZE announced its appointment of China Communications Construction Company as the "lead member of the development consortium" for the project and the commencement of the feasibility study.
Following a meeting on 3 September 2013 with Serzh Sargsyan, the President of Armenia, President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation stated that Russian Railways can invest about RUB 15 billion in the development of the Armenian Railway.
In mid-September 2013, Rasia FZE announced in a meeting with Armenian Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan the achievement of a key milestone for the Southern Armenia Railway, including the release of a highly favorable feasibility study and the recommended railway design route from China Communications Construction Company. Having reached this key milestone, Rasia FZE moved to secure essential regional cooperation for the financing, construction and operation stages of the project. The feasibility study results indicated that the Southern Armenia Railway would cost approximately US$3.5 billion to construct, have a length of 305 kilometers from Gagarin to Agarak, and provide a base operating capacity of 25 million tons per annum. The railway will have 84 bridges spanning 19.6 kilometers and 60 tunnels of 102.3 kilometers, comprising 40% of the total project length.
As the key missing link in the International North-South Transport Corridor, the Southern Armenia Railway would create the shortest transportation route from the ports of the Black Sea to the ports of the Persian Gulf. The Southern Armenia Railway would establish a major commodities transit corridor between Europe and the Persian Gulf region, based on traffic volume forecasts of 18.3 million tons per annum. At completion of railway construction and commencement of operations, transport costs and times for the region are expected to improve substantially, fostering greater regional trade and economic growth with extraordinary direct benefits for the Armenian economy including an alleviation of the economic pressures caused by the illegal border blockade against Armenia by Turkey and Azerbaijan.
On 24 October 2013, the Armenia-Iran railway was brought up for public discussion for the first time by the Armenian National Security Council on grounds of regional security and it was recently declared a priority project. Arthur Baghdasaryan, Secretary of the Armenian National Security Council, added that the project for the construction of the railway to Iran, as well as the reopening of the railway to Abkhazia represent strategic elements of the Armenian Security Plan 2014–2017.
South Caucasus Railway
South Caucasus Railway elaborated on the work already completed in Armenia in support of a North-South Transport Corridor including, during the period between 2008 and 2012, an investment program exceeding US$225 million, which was allocated by Russian Railways. During this time, as a part of the infrastructure modernization program, more than 300 km of track, 160 technological objects, 33 artificial structures, 130 km of contact network, and 140 km of power lines were repaired. In 2012, three major railway bridges that were built in 1898 were commissioned including the Zamanlinsky bridge, the Satanikamurj bridge, and the bridge on the Kober-Tumanian span. Infrastructure improvements over the past four years have now allowed for the increase of substantial traffic volumes. Expansion of the railway network of Armenia and increased mining activity in Armenia are creating new jobs, economic growth, and increases in traffic volume.
During the calendar year 2013, South Caucasus Railway transported 3.2752 million tons of cargo and 415.4 thousand passengers. The cargo volumes comprised 0.456 million tons of exports, 1.2607 million tons of imports, and 1.5585 million tons of local traffic. This cargo comprised 1.3 million tons of non-ferrous ore, 0.455 million tons of grain, 0.2768 million tons of oil loads, 0.1335 million tons of building materials, and 0.1102 million tons of cement.
According to preliminary data from Russian Railways, freight traffic at South Caucasus Railway is expected to increase to up to 30 million tons per annum. The company plans to promote cooperation with Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Ukraine and other countries.
International links
Azerbaijan – closed – same gauge
Georgia – open – same gauge
Iran – via Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan enclave – closed – break of gauge – /
Turkey -Akhuryan/Doğukapı, closed since 1993 – break of gauge -/
Except with Georgia, all international railway links between Armenia and its neighbors have been closed since 1993 due to the blockade against the country by Turkey and Azerbaijan due to conflict in Nagorno Karabagh.
Timeline
1899
Kars–Gyumri–Tbilisi railway opens.
1902
Branch from Gyumri to Yerevan opens.
1993
The border with Turkey closes, cutting the Kars–Gyumri link.
2008
Russian Railways wins tender to manage Armenian Railways on concessionary basis for 30 years, extendable for another 20 years.
2012
Dubai-based investment company Rasia FZE (Rasia Group) awarded 30-year concession for constructing and operating the Southern Armenia Railway (also known as the Armenia-Iran Railway and the missing link in the North-South Transport Corridor) between the operating railway networks of the Republic of Armenia and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
2013
The Government of Armenia, Russian Railways, and Rasia FZE sign trilateral memorandum of understanding on cooperation related to the Southern Armenia Railway.
Rasia FZE announces that the $US 3.5 billion Southern Armenia Railway project is feasible and it will proceed with financing and construction together with the lead member of its consortium China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) for the railway construction and its planned railway operating partner Russian Railways.
Routes
South Caucasus Railway currently operates the following services:
Yerevan to Tbilisi sleeper
Yerevan to Araks / Gyumri
Yerevan to Ararat / Yeraskh
Stations
Rolling Stock
Due to a lack of investment, Soviet-made rolling stock is still in use. This includes elektrichka type electric multiple units for suburban services.
See also
Armenia
Transcaucasus Railway
Transport in Armenia
North-South Transport Corridor
References
External links
South Caucasus Railway Website
Rasia Group Website
China Communications Construction Company Website
Russian Railways Website
Rail transport in Armenia
Railway companies of the Soviet Union
Railway companies established in 1992
Railway companies disestablished in 2008 |
13165636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Roberson%20%28author%29 | Chris Roberson (author) | John Christian Roberson (born August 25, 1970), known professionally as Chris Roberson, is an American science fiction author and publisher who is best known for alternate history novels and short stories.
Early life
Roberson grew up near Dallas, Texas, and attended the University of Texas at Austin. After graduating with a degree in English literature and a minor in history, he leaned towards becoming a literary, post-modernist writer and penned a couple of novels in that style, which went unpublished as Roberson realized that he "wasn't depressed enough for that line of work". In the 1990s, Roberson wrote a couple of mystery novels but the end results turned out to be a mix of mystery and science fiction genres, so the publishers specializing in either of those rejected them. Ultimately, Roberson settled on writing science fiction, citing his upbringing in the 1970s and 1980s as the major inspiration, since the genre was particularly commonplace in America at that time:
"Everything from Saturday-morning cartoons to comic books to late-night B-movies to pulp novel reprints to blockbuster summer movies--it was all science fiction, in one form or another."
During this period, Roberson had a variety of day jobs, such as a product support engineer for Dell computers, a position he held for seven years and quit in 2003 to concentrate on his work as a writer and publisher.
Career
Between 1998 and 2002, Roberson was part of the writer's collective Clockwork Storybook, alongside comic book creators Bill Willingham (of Elementals and, later, Fables fame), Lilah Sturges (who would go on to co-write Jack of Fables with Willingham and relaunch House of Mystery for Vertigo) and Mark Finn (also a Robert E. Howard scholar and playwright). Starting as a writing group, Clockwork Storybook developed into a monthly online anthology, then a publishing imprint of the same name. The collective attempted to capitalize on the growing trend of print on demand and launched with four print titles in early 2001. Roberson produced four novels for Clockwork Storybook, three of which were subsequently expanded and reprinted: Voices of Thunder (Feb. 2001) was revised to become Book of Secrets (Angry Robot, 2009), Set the Seas on Fire (Dec. 2001) was expanded for its 2007 release by Solaris, while Any Time at All (Sep. 2002) became Here, There and Everywhere (Pyr, 2005).
After the dissolution of Clockwork Storybook, Roberson decided to focus on his career as a writer and soon after made his first professional sale with the short story for the Live without a Net anthology, edited by Lou Anders and published by Roc. The book was published in 2003 and paved the way for future sales to Asimov's Science Fiction and other anthologies such as Tales of the Shadowmen, Postscripts, Black October Magazine, Fantastic Metropolis, RevolutionSF, Twilight Tales, Opi8, Alien Skin, Electric Velocipede, Subterranean Magazine and Lone Star Stories. The following year, Anders, whom Roberson considered "something of a personal patron", was hired as an editorial director at Prometheus Books' new science fiction imprint Pyr and bought Roberson's Here, There and Everywhere, the first novel in his Bonaventure-Carmody series.
In 2003, Roberson also started up his own small-press publishing house MonkeyBrain, having "discovered <...> in the few years of helping run the CWSB imprint, that [he] really enjoyed being a publisher." Roberson, who runs MonkeyBrain along with his business partner and spouse Allison Baker, decided early on that the company would deal exclusively in "traditional offset trade-paperbacks and hardcovers," distributed internationally, rather than printed on demand. In November, 2005, Roberson edited the first volume in a projected annual series of Adventure anthologies, comprising "original fiction in the spirit of early twentieth-century pulp fiction magazines" across the genres, featuring contributions from Lou Anders, Mark Finn, Paul Di Filippo, Michael Moorcock and Kim Newman.
At the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con, it was announced that Roberson was set to write a comic book mini-series set in the universe of the Vertigo series Fables, which was created by fellow former Clockwork Storybook author Bill Willingham. The mini-series, titled Cinderella: From Fabletown with Love and illustrated by Shawn McManus, was described by Roberson as featuring "spies, sex, and shoes." In late 2010, Roberson was selected by DC Comics to complete the "Grounded" story arc in the Superman ongoing series, which he worked on alongside his creator-owned Vertigo series iZombie and the Cinderella: From Fabletown with Love sequel mini-series, subtitled Fables are Forever. In 2012, Roberson announced he would no longer write for DC Comics due to their unethical treatment of creators. That same year, MonkeyBrain launched a new publishing arm for creator-owned comics that would focus solely on digital distribution through Comixology.
Personal life
Roberson lives in Portland, Oregon, with his wife and daughter.
Awards and nominations
Roberson is a four-time nominee for the World Fantasy Award: as a writer in 2004, an editor and a publisher in 2006 and again a publisher in 2008. He was also nominated for the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer on two occasions. In 2009, Roberson won the Sidewise Award for Alternate History in the "Long Form" category for The Dragon's Nine Sons. He has also been nominated twice in the "Short Form" category, winning in 2004 with his story "O One". Roberson's novel Paragaea was included in Waterstone's "Top Ten Science Fiction" list in 2006.
Bibliography
Clockwork Storybook
Novels published during Roberson's time as part of Clockwork Storybook:
Voices of Thunder (sc, 322 pages, 2001, )
Cybermancy, Incorporated (sc, 356 pages, 2001, )
Set the Seas on Fire (sc, 272 pages, 2001, )
Any Time at All (sc, 212 pages, 2002, )
Bonaventure-Carmody
Tales of the Bonaventure-Carmody clan, which Roberson first started developing for his Clockwork Storybook novels, continued with a number of short stories:
The series was subsequently expanded with several revised editions of his Clockwork Storybook novels as well as two newly written entries:
Here, There and Everywhere (hc, 282 pages, Pyr, 2005, ; sc, 2005, )
Revised and expanded reprint of Any Time at All (2002)
Paragaea: A Planetary Romance (hc, 400 pages, Pyr, 2006, ; sc, 2006, )
Set the Seas on Fire (sc, 380 pages, Solaris, 2007, )
Revised and expanded reprint of Set the Seas on Fire (2001)
End of the Century (sc, 485 pages, Pyr, 2009, )
Book of Secrets (sc, 384 pages, Angry Robot, 2009, )
Revised and expanded reprint of Voices of Thunder (2001)
Celestial Empire
Roberson's alternate history series Celestial Empire began with a number of short stories, which can be sorted in internal chronological order or the publication order:
The series was further expanded with one novella and three full-length novels:
The Voyage of Night Shining White (hc, 84 pages, PS Publishing, 2006, ; sc, 2006, )
The Dragon's Nine Sons (sc, 416 pages, Solaris, 2008, )
Iron Jaw and Hummingbird (hc, 368 pages, Viking, 2008, )
Three Unbroken (sc, 416 pages, Solaris, 2009, )
Serialized online via Solaris' website between 2007 and 2008.
Miscellaneous works
Short stories
Novels
Comics
DC Comics
Vertigo:
House of Mystery vol. 2 #13: "13th Time's the Charm" (with Neal Adams and Josh Adams, co-feature, 2009)
Collected in House of Mystery: The Space Between (tpb, 128 pages, 2010, )
Fables:
Jack of Fables #36: "Jack 'n' Apes" (with Tony Akins, 2009)
Collected in Jack of Fables: The New Adventures of Jack and Jack (tpb, 128 pages, 2010, )
Collected in Jack of Fables: The Deluxe Edition Volume 3 (hc, 400 pages, 2020, )
Cinderella (with Shawn McManus):
Cinderella: From Fabletown with Love #1–6 (2010) collected as Cinderella: From Fabletown with Love (tpb, 144 pages, 2010, )
Cinderella: Fables are Forever #1–6 (2011) collected as Cinderella: Fables are Forever (tpb, 160 pages, 2012, )
Another six-issue Cinderella story by Roberson and McManus was supposed to be published as part of the Fairest anthology series.
After Roberson cut ties with DC, the story was eventually published in Fairest #21–26 with script by Marc Andreyko and art by McManus.
iZombie (with Mike Allred, Gilbert Hernandez (#12), Jay Stephens (#18), J. Bone (#21) and Jim Rugg (#24), 2010–2012) collected as:
Dead to the World (collects #1–5, tpb, 144 pages, 2011, )
Includes the "Trick or Treat!" short story (art by Mike Allred) from House of Mystery Halloween Annual #1 (2009)
uVampire (collects #6–12, tpb, 168 pages, 2011, )
Includes the "Devil's Lake" short story (art by Mike Allred) from House of Mystery Halloween Annual #2 (2010)
Six Feet Under and Rising (collects #13–18, tpb, 128 pages, 2012, )
Repossession (collects #19–28, tpb, 224 pages, 2012, )
Omnibus (collects #1–28 and the short stories from House of Mystery Halloween Annual #1–2, hc, 656 pages, 2015, )
Superman/Batman #79–80: "World's Finest" (with Jesús Merino, 2011)
Collected in Superman/Batman: Sorcerer Kings (hc, 160 pages, 2011, ; tpb, 2012, )
Collected in DC One Million Omnibus (hc, 1,080 pages, 2013, )
Superman #707–711, 713–714: "Grounded" (with Allan Goldman (#707 and 709), Eddy Barrows, Travel Foreman (#710), Diogenes Neves (#713) and Jamal Igle (#713–714), 2011)
Roberson picked up the writing duties after J. Michael Straczynski left the title in the middle of the storyline; Straczynski is credited as a co-writer on all of Roberson's issues.
The story originally intended for publication in issue #712 (written by Roberson, art by Eddy Barrows) was cancelled on the day of release despite being fully drawn and lettered.
A previously unpublished story, unrelated to the "Grounded" storyline (written by Kurt Busiek, drawn by Rick Leonardi), was released as issue #712 instead.
All eight issues are collected as Superman: Grounded Volume 2 (hc, 168 pages, 2011, ; tpb, 2012, )
Boom! Studios
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?: Dust to Dust (with Robert Adler, 2010) collected as:
Volume 1 (collects #1–4, tpb, 112 pages, 2010, )
Volume 2 (collects #5–8, tpb, 112 pages, 2011, )
Starborn (co-created by Roberson and Stan Lee; written by Roberson, art by Khary Randolph and Matteo Scalera (#10), 2010–2011) collected as:
Volume 1 (collects #1–4, tpb, 128 pages, 2011, )
Volume 2 (collects #5–8, tpb, 128 pages, 2011, )
Volume 3 (collects #9–12, tpb, 128 pages, 2012, )
Elric: The Balance Lost (with Francesco Biagini, 2011–2012) collected as:
Volume 1 (collects #1–4, tpb, 128 pages, 2012, )
Volume 2 (collects #5–8, tpb, 128 pages, 2012, )
Volume 3 (collects #9–12, tpb, 128 pages, 2012, )
Adventure Time #5: "Ice King Dumb" (co-written by Roberson and his daughter Georgia, art by Lucy Knisley, co-feature, KaBOOM!, 2012)
Collected in Adventure Time: Sugary Shorts Volume 1 (hc, 128 pages, 2013, ; tpb, 2014, )
Dynamite Entertainment
Masks #1–8 (with Alex Ross (#1) and Dennis Calero, 2012–2013) collected as Masks (tpb, 200 pages, 2013, )
The Shadow:
The Shadow vol. 5 (with Giovanni Timpano and Andrea Mutti (#19), 2013–2014) collected as:
The Light of the World (collects #13–18, tpb, 168 pages, 2014, )
Bitter Fruit (collects #19–25, tpb, 180 pages, 2014, )
The Shadow #100 (with Ivan Rodriguez — both creators are uncredited; untitled 8-page story in the anthology special, 2015)
Codename: Action #1–5 (with Jonathan Lau, 2013–2014) collected as Codename: Action (tpb, 128 pages, 2014, )
Doc Savage:
Doc Savage vol. 6 #1–8 (with Bilquis Evely, 2013–2014) collected as Doc Savage Omnibus (tpb, 240 pages, 2015, )
Doc Savage: The Spider's Web #1–5 (with Cezar Razek, 2015–2016) collected as Doc Savage: The Spider's Web (tpb, 120 pages, 2016, )
Dark Horse Comics
Prometheus: The Complete Fire and Stone (hc, 480 pages, 2015, ) includes:
Dark Horse Presents vol. 3 #2: "Aliens: Field Report" (with Paul Lee, anthology, 2014)
Aliens: Fire and Stone #1–4 (with Patric Reynolds, 2014) also collected as Aliens: Fire and Stone (tpb, 112 pages, 2015, )
Hellboy Universe (with all stories co-written by Roberson and Mike Mignola):
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.:
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1952–1954 (hc, 440 pages, 2021, ) includes:
Hellboy Winter Special 2016: "Wandering Souls" (with Michael Walsh, anthology, 2016)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1953 — Beyond the Fences #1–3 (with Paolo Rivera, 2016)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1954 — Black Sun #1–2 (with Stephen Green, 2016)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1954 — The Unreasoning Beast (with Patric Reynolds, one-shot, 2016)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1954 — Ghost Moon #1–2 (with Brian Churilla, 2017)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1955 (tpb, 144 pages, 2018, ) collects:
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1955 — Secret Nature (with Shawn Martinbrough, one-shot, 2017)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1955 — Occult Intelligence #1–3 (with Brian Churilla, 2017)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1955 — Burning Season (with Paolo Rivera, one-shot, 2018)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1956 (tpb, 168 pages, 2019, ) collects:
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1956 #1–3 (with Yishan Li, Mike Norton and Michael Avon Oeming, 2018–2019)
Hellboy vs. Lobster Johnson: The Ring of Death (with Mike Norton and Paul Grist, one-shot, 2019)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1957 (tpb, 152 pages, 2023, ) collects:
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1957 — Family Ties (with Laurence Campbell, one-shot, 2021)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1957 — Forgotten Lives (with Stephen Green, one-shot, 2022)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1957 — Falling Sky (with Shawn Martinbrough, one-shot, 2022)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1957 — Fearful Symmetry (with Alison Sampson, one-shot, 2023)
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1957 — From Below (with Mike Norton, one-shot, 2023)
B.P.R.D.:
B.P.R.D.: Hell on Earth #140–142 (with Mike Norton, 2016) collected in B.P.R.D.: Hell on Earth Volume 4 (hc, 416 pages, 2019, ; tpb, 2022, )
Rise of the Black Flame #1–5 (with Christopher Mitten, 2016–2017) collected as Rise of the Black Flame (tpb, 144 pages, 2017, )
Witchfinder:
Witchfinder: City of the Dead #1–5 (with Ben Stenbeck, 2016) collected as Witchfinder: City of the Dead (tpb, 144 pages, 2017, )
Witchfinder: The Gates of Heaven #1–5 (with D'Israeli, 2018) collected as Witchfinder: The Gates of Heaven (tpb, 144 pages, 2019, )
Witchfinder: The Reign of Darkness #1–5 (with Christopher Mitten, 2019–2020) collected as Witchfinder: The Reign of Darkness (tpb, 144 pages, 2020, )
The Visitor: How and Why He Stayed (tpb, 144 pages, 2017, ) collects:
The Visitor: How and Why He Stayed #1–5 (with Paul Grist, 2017)
Hellboy Winter Special 2017: "God Rest Ye Merry" (with Paul Grist, anthology, 2017)
Rasputin: The Voice of the Dragon #1–5 (with Christopher Mitten, 2017) collected as Rasputin: The Voice of the Dragon (tpb, 136 pages, 2018, )
The House of Lost Horizons: A Sarah Jewell Mystery (hc, 144 pages, 2022, ) collects:
Hellboy Winter Special 2019: "The Longest Night" (with Leila del Duca, anthology, 2020)
The House of Lost Horizons: A Sarah Jewell Mystery #1–5 (with Leila del Duca, 2021)
Hellboy: The Silver Lantern Club #1–5 (with Ben Stenbeck and Christopher Mitten, 2021–2022) collected as Hellboy: The Silver Lantern Club (hc, 136 pages, 2022, )
British Paranormal Society: Time Out of Mind #1–4 (with Andrea Mutti, 2022) collected as British Paranormal Society: Time Out of Mind (hc, 112 pages, 2023, )
Panya: The Mummy's Curse #1–4 (with Christopher Mitten, 2023) collected as Panya: The Mummy's Curse (hc, 112 pages, 2024, )
Firefly: Legacy Edition Book Two (tpb, 336 pages, Boom! Studios, 2019, ) includes:
Free Comic Book Day 2016: Serenity: "The Warrior and the Wind" (with Stephen Byrne, co-feature in one-shot, 2016)
Serenity: Firefly Class 03-K64 — No Power in the 'Verse #1–6 (with Georges Jeanty, 2016–2017)
God of War (with Tony Parker):
God of War vol. 2 #0–4 (2018–2019) collected as God of War (tpb, 120 pages, 2019, )
God of War: Fallen God #1–4 (2021) collected as God of War: Fallen God (tpb, 96 pages, 2021, )
Stranger Things Winter Special (with Abel, 2021) collected in Stranger Things Holiday Specials (tpb, 128 pages, 2022, )
Other publishers
IDW Publishing:
Star Trek/Legion of Super-Heroes #1–6 (with Jeff Moy, 2011–2012) collected as Star Trek/Legion of Super-Heroes (hc, 152 pages, 2012, ; tpb, 2013, )
Memorial (with Rich Ellis):
Memorial #1–6 (2011–2012) collected as Memorial (hc, 148 pages, 2012, )
Memorial: Imaginary Fiends #1–9 (digital, 2012–2013) published in print as Memorial: Imaginary Fiends #1–3 (2013)
Edison Rex (with Dennis Culver):
Edison Rex #1–18 (self-published digitally via MonkeyBrain, 2012–2016) partially collected in print by IDW Publishing as:
Into the White! (collects #1–6, tpb, 120 pages, 2013, )
Heir Apparent (collects #7–12, tpb, 120 pages, 2014, )
Defend Comics: "The Amendment That Made a Right Out of 'Wrong'" (anthology one-shot, 2014)
Rise: Comics Against Bullying #1: "Be Yourself" (anthology, Northwest Press, 2015)
Image:
Liberty Annual '12: "Sasquatch" (with Roger Langridge, anthology, 2012) collected in CBLDF Presents: Liberty (hc, 216 pages, 2014, ; tpb, 2016, )
Sovereign #1–5 (with Paul Maybury, 2014) collected as Sovereign (tpb, 136 pages, 2014, )
The Mysterious Strangers #1–6 (with Scott Kowalchuk, Oni Press, 2013) collected as The Mysterious Strangers: Strange Ways (tpb, 152 pages, 2014, )
Black Bag #1–6 (with J. B. Bastos, Legendary, 2015–2016) collected as Black Bag (tpb, 144 pages, 2016, )
Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 — The Official Comic Collection (hc, 240 pages, 2019, ) includes:
Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 (free digital comics, Activision, 2018):
"Ruin" (with Débora Caritá, in #1)
"Seraph" (with Tony Shasteen, in #8)
References
External links
Living people
1970 births
American comics writers
American science fiction writers
21st-century American novelists
Place of birth missing (living people)
American male novelists
Sidewise Award winners
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni
21st-century American male writers |
13165643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20Sacchi | Louise Sacchi | Louise Sacchi (April 15, 1913 – March 22, 1997) was an American aviator and author who flew numerous times across the world's oceans, often solo, ferrying single and multi-engine planes. As the first international woman ferry pilot, she piloted planes across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans over 340 times, more than any other non-airline pilot.
Records and Races
On June 28, 1971, she set a women's speed record by flying a single-engine land plane from New York to London in 17 hours and 10 minutes, a record that still stands today. Following the New York to London flight on July 1, 1971 she departed Abingdon, England, on the first leg of a seven-day air race to Victoria, B.C., Canada. She finished 2nd in class and tied with Race 31 for overall eighth.
Legacy
Sacchi won numerous awards in her career, which spanned over 40 years, and was the first woman to win the prestigious Godfrey L. Cabot Award for distinguished service to aviation.
Publications
Ocean Flying, McGraw-Hill, 1979,
The Happy Commuter - Autobiographical Sketches, 1996, Louise Sacchi.
References
External links
Explorers Archive Louise Sacchi Biography
Sacchi Avenue, Gander, Newfoundland
American aviators
1913 births
1997 deaths
American aviation record holders
American women aviation record holders
20th-century American women
20th-century American people
Aircraft ferrying |
13165650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Yakeleya | Norman Yakeleya | Norman Yakeleya (born March 13, 1959) is a Canadian territorial level politician from Northwest Territories, Canada.
Political career
Yakeleya first began his political career on the municipal level as a city councillor for the Yellowknife City Council from 1987 until 1990. He then served as Chief of the Tulita Dene Band and Chairman of the Sahtu tribal Council.
Yakeleya was first elected to the Northwest Territories Legislature in the 2003 Northwest Territories general election defeating four other candidates to win his first term in office. He was re-elected to his second term in office in the 2007 Northwest Territories general election by acclamation.
References
External links
Norman Yakeleya Legislature biography
1959 births
Living people
20th-century First Nations people
21st-century members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
21st-century First Nations people
Dene people
First Nations politicians
Yellowknife city councillors |
13165682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Then%20%26%20Now%20%28Asia%20album%29 | Then & Now (Asia album) | Then & Now is a compilation album by British rock supergroup Asia, released on 14 August 1990 by Geffen Records. It consists of two parts titled as Then and Now. Then comprises songs from the band's first two albums, Asia and Alpha, which featured the band's original line-up of Geoff Downes, Steve Howe, Carl Palmer, and John Wetton. Now comprises songs recorded by the band after Howe's departure (including "Voice of America" from the band's third album, Astra).
Reception
Then & Now has received negative reception from music critics. Greg Sandow in his review for Entertainment Weekly gave the album a rating of C. He wrote that the old hits such as "Heat of the Moment" and "Don't Cry" "are empty symphonic rock, full of strings and predictable melodic hooks", while the new songs "aren’t as lush", "hit the beat a little harder, but in essence [they’re] just as bland". Tom Demalon has given the compilation a retrospective rating of one-and-a-half stars out of five on AllMusic. He has noted that Asia were not able to repeat their early success with the new material, which has been described as "flaccid musically and insipid lyrically". "Days Like These", written by Steve Jones (the past leader for The Unforgiven), has been singled out as an exception, "which nearly matches the band's strong debut material".
The album only peaked at number 114 on the Billboard 200 and did not reach UK Albums Chart at all. However, it sold steadily over years and was certified gold on 23 July 1998 for over half a million copies shipped in the United States, where remains the group's third best selling album, trailing Asia and Alpha. To promote Then & Now, "Days Like These" was released as a single. The song gained substantial airplay during the summer of 1990 and was a number two hit on the Mainstream Rock chart. Despite this, the single stumbled at number 64 on the Billboard Hot 100 and has been the last to date chart entry for Asia in the United States.
Track listing
Personnel
Asia
Geoff Downes – keyboards; producer (tracks 9, 10)
John Wetton – lead vocals, backing vocals, bass; producer (tracks 7, 9)
Steve Howe – guitar (tracks 1–5)
Mandy Meyer – guitar (tracks 8, 10)
Carl Palmer – drums, percussion
Guest musicians
Steve Lukather – guitar (track 6)
Ron Komie – guitar (track 7)
Scott Gorham – guitar (track 9)
Michael Sturgis - drums (track 9)
Technical personnel
Mike Stone – producer (tracks 1–5, 8, 10), engineer (tracks 1–5, 8), mixing engineer (tracks 9, 10)
Paul Northfield – engineer (tracks 4, 5)
Frank Wolf – producer and engineer (track 6), mixing engineer (track 7), additional engineer (track 9)
Sue Shifrin – producer (track 7)
David Cassidy – producer (track 7)
Guy Roche – producer (track 7)
Greg Ladanyi – mixing engineer (track 10)
Alan Douglas – mixing engineer (track 10)
Dan Hersch – mastering engineer (at DigiPrep, Los Angeles)
Gabrielle Raumberger – art direction
Janet Wolsborn – design
Caroline Greyshock – photography
Jean-Francois Podevin – illustration
Roger Dean – images from previous albums
Charts
Certifications
References
Asia (band) albums
1990 compilation albums
Geffen Records compilation albums |
13165683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Cleghorn | William Cleghorn | William Cleghorn (1718 – August 1754) was a British philosopher. He was born to a successful Scottish brewer, Hugh Cleghorn, and Jean Hamilton, and died in 1754, aged 36. William Cleghorn held the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh from 1745 until his death in 1754. Four volumes of notes on Cleghorn's lectures on moral philosophy from 1746 to 1747 are stored at the University of Edinburgh library.
Cleghorn: David Hume's rival
Cleghorn is primarily remembered for being a rival of the more famous philosopher David Hume. In 1744 and 1745, Hume and Cleghorn were competing candidates for the position of Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. Hume was arguably the better of the two candidates. However, the town council appointed Cleghorn to the position on 5 June 1745. Hume was an atheist, and it is known that many of the ministers of Edinburgh opposed his appointment to the chair's position, and petitioned the town council, describing Hume as amoral, an atheist, and a sceptic. It has been suggested that a clique of people who disliked Hume's personal beliefs arranged for Cleghorn to be given the chair's position at the university. However, some historians believe that Cleghorn was appointed to the position, not because of rivalry based on personal beliefs, but rather because of rivalry between two competing schools of thought on moral philosophy.
Cleghorn and Adam Ferguson
Cleghorn was a friend, and probably also teacher, of Adam Ferguson. It is thought that one of the characters in Ferguson's philosophical work Dialogue on a Highland Jaunt is based on Cleghorn. It has also been claimed that Cleghorn recommended, shortly before his death, that Ferguson be given the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy once he had died. Ferguson was not given the chair at this time, although he was given it later.
Notes
Bibliography
Cleghorn, William. 1746–1747. ' Lectures of Professor William Cleghorn'. University of Edinburgh Library, Special Collections Division.
Frasca-Spada, Marina. 2001. 'The Many Lives of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy'. British Journal for the History of Philosophy, Vol. 9, No. 1: 135–44.
Grote, Simon. 2005. 'The Moral Philosophy of William Cleghorn'. MPhil Dissertation. Faculty of History, Cambridge University.
Mossner, Ernest Campbell. 1963. 'Adam Ferguson's "Dialogue on a Highland Jaunt" with Robert Adam, William Cleghorn, David Hume, and William Wilkie'. In Carroll Camden (ed.), Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 297–308.
Mossner, Ernest Campbell. 2001. (2nd Ed.). The Life of David Hume. Oxford University Press.
Nobbs, Douglas. 1965. 'The Political Ideas of William Cleghorn, Hume's Academic Rival'. Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 26, No. 4: 575–86.
1718 births
1754 deaths
Scottish philosophers
18th-century philosophers
Enlightenment philosophers
People of the Scottish Enlightenment
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
David Hume |
13165713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innkreis%20Autobahn | Innkreis Autobahn | The Innkreis Autobahn (A8, Innkreis Motorway) is a motorway, or Autobahn, in Austria. It runs from the A1 and A9 junction to the border with Germany.
The last section of motorway was built in 2003.
Autobahns in Austria |
13165715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond%20Stakes | Desmond Stakes | |}
The Desmond Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
The event is named after Desmond, a champion sire in 1913. It was formerly held at the Curragh, and it used to be known as the Desmond Plate.
The race was transferred to Leopardstown in 2002. It has continued at this venue with one exception, a temporary return to the Curragh in 2009.
Records
Most successful horse since 1946 (2 wins):
Spring Offensive – 1946, 1947
White Gloves – 1966, 1967
Rarity – 1970, 1971
Leading jockey since 1950 (8 wins):
Christy Roche – Rarity (1971), Mistigri (1975), More So (1978), Anfield (1982), Teleprompter (1984), Totem (1988), Star of Gdansk (1991), Second Empire (1998)
Leading trainer since 1950 (12 wins):
Vincent O'Brien – Restless Knight (1964), Reindeer (1969), Boucher (1972), Hail the Pirates (1973), Sir Penfro (1974), Niebo (1976), Be My Guest (1977), Belted Earl (1981), Sunstart (1985), Wise Counsellor (1986), Entitled (1987), Via Borghese (1992)
Winners since 1976
Earlier winners
1946: Spring Offensive
1947: Spring Offensive
1948: Straight Flush
1949: Pink Larkspur
1950: Galatian
1951: Fair Contract
1952: Tipots
1953: Clonleason
1954: Zarathustra
1955: Midontrial
1956: Jongleur
1957: Bindy
1958: Ticklish
1959: Light Horseman
1960: Barclay
1961: Baynard
1962: Sicilian Prince
1963: Wily Trout
1964: Restless Knight
1965: Khalife
1966: White Gloves
1967: White Gloves
1968: Giolla Mear
1969: Reindeer
1970: Rarity
1971: Rarity
1972: Boucher
1973: Hail the Pirates
1974: Sir Penfro
1975: Mistigri
See also
Horse racing in Ireland
List of Irish flat horse races
References
Paris-Turf:
, , , ,
Racing Post:
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , ,
galopp-sieger.de – Desmond Stakes.
ifhaoneline.org – International Federation of Horseracing Authorities – Desmond Stakes (2019).
irishracinggreats.com – Desmond Stakes (Group 3).
pedigreequery.com – Desmond Stakes.
Flat races in Ireland
Open mile category horse races
Leopardstown Racecourse |
13165723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892%20Alabama%20Cadets%20football%20team | 1892 Alabama Cadets football team | The 1892 Alabama Cadets football team represented the University of Alabama in the 1892 college football season. The team was led by their head coach E. B. Beaumont and played their home games at Lakeview Park in Birmingham, Alabama. In what was the inaugural season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of two wins and two losses (2–2).
William Little of Livingston, Alabama is credited with being responsible for the introduction of football at the university. After playing the game in 1891 while in attendance at a northern prep school, Little returned to Alabama where he helped establish the first team at the university for the 1892 season. The first game in Alabama football history was played on November 11, 1892, against Birmingham High School and was won by the Cadets 56–0. They then split a pair of games with the Birmingham Athletic Club, and closed out the season with a 32–22 loss in the first Iron Bowl against Auburn on February 22, 1893. After the season, Beaumont was fired as head coach and replaced by Eli Abbott for the 1893 season.
Background
The first college football game was played on November 6, 1869, between Rutgers and the College of New Jersey. Although the sport continued to grow, it was not introduced for another 23 years at Alabama. The man credited with the introduction of football at Alabama was William G. Little of Livingston. Little attended the Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire for the 1891–92 school year. It was there that he first played and became an advocate for football. Originally he intended to attend Yale University. However, after his brother died, Little returned to Livingston in 1892 and enrolled at Alabama. He proposed the university field a football team, which was introduced for the 1892 season. Alabama selected Little as the first team captain for the inaugural 1892 season. The team was called the "Cadets", as the current "Crimson Tide" moniker was not used until 1907.
Schedule
Game summaries
Birmingham High School
In what was the first ever game played by the University of Alabama, a team of Birmingham-area high school players lost to the Cadets 56–0 at Birmingham's Lakeview Park. Played on November 11, the game served as a practice game for Alabama's contest against the Birmingham Athletic Club scheduled for the next day. Although details of the second half are unavailable, touchdowns in the first half were scored by David Grayson, G. H. Kyser, Dan Smith (twice), William Little and T. S. Frazer. The play utilized most throughout the game was a rushing formation developed by Harvard earlier in the season called the flying wedge.
Birmingham Athletic Club (November)
A day after their victory over Birmingham High School, Alabama suffered their first all-time loss against the Birmingham Athletic Club (B.A.C.) 5–4. In a game noted for numerous fumbles by both squads, Alabama scored first and took a 4–0 lead on a William G. Little touchdown run late in the first half. However, the B.A.C. won the game 5–4 late in the second half when J. P. Ross successfully kicked a 63-yard field goal on a drop kick. Alabama would not lose another game by a single point until their 1947 game against Tulane.
Birmingham Athletic Club (December)
A month after their loss to the B.A.C., Alabama returned to Lakeview Park and defeated the Athletics 14–0. David Grayson scored first on a 65-yard touchdown run to give Alabama a 4–0 lead after a missed extra point. In the second half, both Robert Cope and Eli Abbott scored touchdowns and one G. H. Kyser extra point gave Alabama the 14–0 victory.
Auburn
Before 5,000 fans at Birmingham's Lakeview Park, Alabama lost to the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Alabama (now known as Auburn University) 32–22 in the first of what was subsequently dubbed the Iron Bowl. Auburn scored first on a 20-yard Rufus Dorsey touchdown run and again on a one-yard Dorsey run and took an 8–0 lead early in the first half. Frank Savage then scored Alabama's first touchdown on a 10-yard run and William B. Bankhead converted a successful extra point to cut the Auburn lead to 8–6. After Auburn scored a third touchdown to go up 14–6, Alabama responded with a 20-yard Dan Smith touchdown run and G. H. Kyser extra point to make the halftime score 14–12 in favor of Auburn.
In the second half, Auburn scored first again when Dorsey recovered an Alabama fumble and returned it 65-yards for a touchdown. After a successful extra point the blue and orange extended their lead to 20–12. Alabama responded on their following possession with a 30-yard William Little touchdown run and Kyser extra point to cut the lead to 20–18. Thomas Daniels then scored Auburn's final two touchdowns on runs of one and 25 yards and also converted both extra points to give them a 32–18 lead. Smith scored the final points of the game late in the second half for Alabama on a short run that made the final score 32–22.
Players
The following players were members of the 1892 football team according to the roster published in the 1893 edition of The Corolla, the University of Alabama yearbook.
After the season
Although they finished with a .500 record, after the completion of the season, E. B. Beaumont was fired as Alabama's head coach. The 1894 edition of the university yearbook The Corolla stated of the Beaumont firing:"We were unfortunate in securing a coach. After keeping him for a short time, we found that his knowledge of the game was very limited. We, therefore, 'got rid of' him." After Beaumont's departure, William G. Little continued the training of the team until Abbott was selected to serve as head coach for the 1893 season. Other notable players from the first Alabama team included William B. Bankhead who served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1936 to 1940 and Bibb Graves who served as the 38th Governor of Alabama from 1927 to 1931 and again from 1935 to 1939.
Notes
References
General
Specific
Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
Alabama Cadets football |
13165733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmormon%20Foundation | Exmormon Foundation | The Exmormon Foundation is a non-profit, non-sectarian organization that supports people transitioning out of affiliation with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It was founded by Richard Packham in 2001. He left the LDS Church after concluding from his personal research that he did not believe its teachings, particularly the historical teachings of the Adam–God doctrine.
The foundation holds an annual conference in Salt Lake City, Utah in October, the same month as one of the LDS Church's semi-annual general conferences. Notable speakers at the Exmormon Foundation Conference have included musician Tal Bachman, Flora Jessop and Linda Walker of the Child Protection Project, Dr. Simon Southerton, Brent Lee Metcalfe, Steven Hassan, Stanford professor Craig Criddle, Jeff Sharlet, John Larsen, Grant H. Palmer, John Dehlin, and Pat Bagley.
The Exmormon Foundation is informally associated with the Recovery from Mormonism website, which hosts a discussion board where Exmormons, unbelieving Mormons, and doubters post their complaints, criticisms, and other personal reactions to their experience with the LDS Church.
There are also many 'permanent fixture' forum members who are not and never were baptized Mormons. The forum survives financially via donations.
The forum accepts any and all who have a computer. One can post comments without formally signing up, but signing up allows one to secure a screenname, make corrections/additions to a post, and to see new posts marked as not having been read. There is no cost, but as indicated, donations are not only welcome, but necessary.
Initially, no mention of "politics" was allowed, but a change in ownership in the early 2000s seems to have allowed politics to be discussed as it touches on the LDS Church and its activities. As with most things 'human' this definition finds itself stretched at times.
The Recovery from Mormonism website also includes a catalog of short auto-biographies where Exmormons describe their loss of faith in Mormonism.
References
External links
Exmormon Foundation
Critics of Mormonism
Latter Day Saint organizations
Latter Day Saint movement in Utah |
13165736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893%20Alabama%20Crimson%20White%20football%20team | 1893 Alabama Crimson White football team | The 1893 Alabama Crimson White football team represented the University of Alabama in the 1893 college football season. The team was led by head coach Eli Abbott and played their home games at Lakeview Park in Birmingham and The Quad in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In what was the second season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of zero wins and four losses (0–4).
Although they finished their inaugural year with a .500 record, head coach E. B. Beaumont was fired and replaced with Abbott prior to the start of the season. The 1893 squad opened the season with a pair of losses against the Birmingham Athletic Club, first in Tuscaloosa and then again a month later at Birmingham. The Crimson White was then shutout by Sewanee in their first game against an out-of-state opponent, and then closed the season with a 40–16 loss in the Iron Bowl against Auburn at Montgomery. The winless season was the first of only three in the history of the Alabama program.
Background
In their inaugural season, Alabama was led by head coach E. B. Beaumont to an overall record of two wins and two losses (2–2). During the season, they defeated Birmingham High School, split a pair against the Birmingham Athletic Club and lost to Auburn in their final game of the season. After the completion of the season, Beaumont was fired as head coach and replaced with former player Eli Abbott for the 1893 campaign. The team was called the "Crimson White" from 1893 to 1906, when their name changed to the currently used "Crimson Tide."
Schedule
Game summaries
Birmingham Athletic Club (October)
In the first ever game played in Tuscaloosa, the Birmingham Athletic Club (B.A.C.) defeated Alabama 4–0 at The Quad on the campus of the University of Alabama. In a game controlled by both defenses, the only points came on an Athletics touchdown in the second half. With the loss, this and later the 1895 and 1955 squads represented the only seasons Alabama failed to win a game at Tuscaloosa during a season that at least one game was played there.
Birmingham Athletic Club (November)
In a rematch against the B.A.C. a month later at Lakeview Park in Birmingham, Alabama lost their second game of the season by a final score of 10–8. After they trailed 4–0 at the end of the first half, Alabama scored their first points of the season on a William Walker touchdown run early in the second half and tied the game 4–4. The Athletics retook a 10–4 lead when they scored a touchdown and converted the extra point, but then Walker scored his second touchdown of the game that made the final score 10–8 after a missed extra point. The second loss against the B.A.C. marked the only time in Alabama football history the same team defeated the Crimson Tide twice in the same season.
Sewanee
Against their first-ever opponent from outside the state of Alabama, Sewanee shut out the Crimson White 20–0 at Lakeview Park. The Tigers took a 4–0 lead in the 22nd minute of the first half when Wilson scored on a short touchdown run. Early in the second half, Sewanee extended their lead to 8–0 when Norman scored on a 25-yard touchdown run behind the flying wedge formation. Nelson then scored the final two Tiger touchdowns on runs of 45 and one-yard for the 20–0 victory. Sewanee later became one of Alabama's biggest rivals in the early decades of the football program.
Auburn
After playing their previous game at Birmingham's Lakeview Park, the city of Montgomery gave Alabama and the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Alabama (now known as Auburn University) $500 to play each other at Riverside Park. In the second edition of what has since become known as the Iron Bowl, Auburn won 40–16. Auburn scored first when Rufus Dorsey scored on a 10-yard touchdown run and kicked the extra point for a 6–0 lead. Alabama responded on their next possession when John Burgett scored on a 35-yard touchdown run. However G. H. Kyser missed the extra point and Auburn still held a 6–4 lead. Auburn then extended their lead to 18–4 at halftime after a pair of touchdown from J. C. Dunham.
Alabama opened the second half with their second touchdown of the game. William Walker scored on a six-yard touchdown run and cut the Tigers' lead to 18–10. Auburn responded with touchdown runs by Snow Perkins, Arthur Redding and J. V. Brown that made the score 34–10. After a David Grayson touchdown for Alabama, Auburn responded with their final points of the game on a one-yard Dorsey run that made the final score 40–16. Governor of Alabama Thomas G. Jones presented a trophy to Auburn's captain Rufus Dorsey for their victory.
Players
The following players were members of the 1893 football team according to the roster published in the 1894 edition of The Corolla, the University of Alabama yearbook.
Aftermath
With their loss to Auburn, Alabama completed the first winless season in Alabama football history, and since then they have had only two other winless seasons in 1895 and 1955. The losses of 1893 were attributed to the small stature of the Crimson players and not to the coaching and training of the team. As such, Abbott returned as head coach for the 1894 season and led Alabama to a winning season that included their first all-time win over Auburn.
See also
List of the first college football game in each US state
Notes
References
General
Specific
Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
College football winless seasons
Alabama Crimson White football |
13165745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894%20Alabama%20Crimson%20White%20football%20team | 1894 Alabama Crimson White football team | The 1894 Alabama Crimson White football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1894 college football season. The team was led by head coach Eli Abbott, in his second season, and played their home games at Lakeview Park in Birmingham, Alabama. In what was the third season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of three wins and one loss (3–1).
After a winless season in 1893, Abbott returned as a player-coach and led the 1894 squad. Alabama opened the season with a loss against Ole Miss in what was their first game ever played outside the state of Alabama. The Crimson White then rebounded and won their final three games. After a victory over Tulane at New Orleans, Alabama returned to Birmingham where they defeated Sewanee in their only home game of the season. They then closed the year with their first all-time win over Auburn at Montgomery.
Preseason
For the 1894 season, Eli Abbott returned as head coach and the team sought to improve upon their winless record of 1893. In October 1894, the Birmingham Age-Herald noted the squad was considerably heavier and more conditioned for the season than in the previous year, and as such predicted Alabama would have a successful season. At that time, the initial schedule was also announced and included games against both Vanderbilt on November 5 and North Carolina on November 19, but neither game was ever played.
Schedule
Game summaries
Ole Miss
In what was the first ever game played outside the state of Alabama, in their first all-time game against long-time rival Ole Miss, Alabama lost 6–0 at Jackson, Mississippi. In a game dominated by both defenses, the only points of the game came on an Ole Miss touchdown run by William Cook in the first half. This game was notable for also being the first college football game played at Jackson.
Tulane
After a loss against Mississippi to open the season, Alabama made their first trip to Louisiana and played future conference rival Tulane for the first time and won the game at Sportsmen's Park in New Orleans 18–6. Eli Abbott scored for Alabama first and gave the Crimsons a 4–0 at the end of the first half. Tulane then took a 6–4 lead early in the second half when James Buchanan scored on a touchdown run and Edward Nelson kicked the point after attempt. Alabama responded with three more Abbott touchdown runs and a single conversion from William Walker and won the game 18–6. The first score came on a 30-yard punt return, the second on a 10-yard run and the third on a five-yard run.
Sewanee
After losing to Sewanee in their previous contest, Alabama won 24–4 in the rematch. After Sewanee took an early 4–0 lead, Alabama tied the game later in the first half when Samuel Slone scored on a 40-yard touchdown run. After Eli Abbott scored on a touchdown run early in the second half to give Alabama their first lead 8–4, Slone scored again on a 25-yard run. M. H. Bankhead and C. C. Nesmith each scored touchdowns late and Allen McCants converted both PATs for the Alabama 24–4 victory.
Auburn
At Riverside Park in Montgomery, Alabama defeated the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Alabama (now known as Auburn University) 18–0 for their first victory in the Iron Bowl. After a defensive struggle early in the game, Alabama scored their first touchdown on a J. E. Shelly run and Allen McCants kicked the PAT to give the Crimsons a 6–0 halftime lead. Eli Abbott then scored both second half touchdowns on runs of three and 75-yards and McCants converted both PATs to give Alabama the 18–0 win. Played on Thanksgiving, over 4,000 people were in attendance at the game.
Players
The following players were members of the 1894 football team according to the roster published in the 1895 edition of The Corolla, the University of Alabama yearbook.
Notes
References
General
Specific
Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
Alabama Crimson White football |
13165748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achkarren | Achkarren | Achkarren, a village situated in the southern end of the small town of Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl, in the German Kaiserstuhl region, bordering the town of Ihringen. The valley of Achkarren faces west and is 5 km from the Rhine river and 7 km from Breisach. The highest average temperature or hotspot in Germany is located between the center of Achkarren and the town of Ihringen.
History
The first documented reference to Achkarren appears in 1064 AD when the village was given to the cloister of Ottmarsheim (a small Town in Alsace) by King Heinrich IV. Based on archeological artifacts, the village could have been settled as early as two thousand years ago. The omnipresent wine terraces may have been established during the settlement by the Alemanni from 260 AD on. The name "Achkarren" is derived from the Old High German "haz karle" (Hate Charles), reportedly the name of an early settler from the neighboring village of Oberrotweil.
Town folk tell a tale of the origin of the village name:
During the construction of the castle Hoehingen on Schlossberg (Castle Mountain), high above the village, an accident occurred. A cart full of building material was pushed up the mountain several times. Every time the cart was close to the summit, it broke loose and rolled back down into the valley. While watching this unfortunate spectacle, the future Lord of the castle shouted "Ach Karren!" (Oh Cart!).
In 1525, the castle was severely damaged during the German Peasants' War. After rebuilding, its complete destruction occurred during the Thirty Years' War. The Kaiser's Catholic troops destroyed it once they could not hold back the attack from the Swedes. Today artifacts of the ruins can still be found. Three years after the Thirty Years War ceased, a total of 58 residents remained in the village; approximately 70% of the population perished during the war. In 1703 AD, during the siege of Breisach by French troops, the village itself was completely destroyed. This siege was part of the War of the Spanish Succession. In the chaos of wars between the late medieval and modern times, Achkarren as well as its neighboring towns of Ihringen and Breisach were several times part of France, and remained so for some years.
A quarry is located between Schlossberg Mountain and Buechsenberg Mountain. For the construction of the St. Stephansmuenster (cathedral) in Breisach, material from this quarry was used. Recently the quarry was revived in order to further repair the cathedral.
Miscellaneous
The vineyards of Achkarren are considered some of the best in Germany. In particular, the local Ruländer or Grauburgunder (Pinot grigio) is famous. The Vintners Cooperative Society of Achkarren and the village wineries have received many prizes for the quality of their wines. In addition to loess, Achkarren contains over 50% volcanic soil.
There are several trails on Schlossberg as well as Schneckenberg (Snail Mountain). On these trails one can view the layers of volcanic rock covered with a thin top layer of loess.
Achkarren's Buechsenberg Nature Preserve contains a collection of rare plants and wildlife. Appropriately, Achkarren has a Winemaking Museum and boasts a 2.4 km long trail that features the geology of winemaking, its soil, climate, grape variety and the history of winemaking of the Kaisersuhl.
In addition to wine making, tourism and a small industrial park in the Rhine Rift are the main businesses of the village.
References
Gallery
Former municipalities in Baden-Württemberg
Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
Baden |
13165751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895%20Alabama%20Crimson%20White%20football%20team | 1895 Alabama Crimson White football team | The 1895 Alabama Crimson White football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1895 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was led by head coach Eli Abbott, in his third season, and played their home games at The Quad in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In what was the fourth season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of zero wins and four losses (0–4). The 1895 squad also was the first to compete in a conference, the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA).
After a one-loss season in 1894, Abbott returned as head coach and led the 1895 squad. Alabama opened the season with a loss at Columbus against Georgia. The Crimson White next lost a pair of games in Louisiana over a span of just three days. After a loss to Tulane at New Orleans, Alabama was defeated by LSU in the first all-time game between the schools. They then closed the year with a 48–0 loss to Auburn in the first Iron Bowl ever played at Tuscaloosa.
Schedule
Game summaries
Georgia
In what was the first ever game played in the state of Georgia, in their first all-time game against the University of Georgia, Alabama lost 30–6 before 500 fans in Columbus. Alabama took their only lead of the game early after Borden Burr scored a touchdown following a blocked punt. C. S. Pelham then kicked the PAT and Alabama led, 6–0. From that point, Georgia scored 30 unanswered points with touchdowns by Edgar Pomeroy, Rufus Nally and Craig Barrow in the first half; and touchdowns by Pomeroy and Fred Price in the second half for their 30–6 victory.
Tulane
After they defeated Tulane in their first matchup in 1894, Alabama was shut out 22–0 before 1,000 fans in New Orleans. A. K. Foote scored both of Tulane's first-half touchdowns to give them an 8–0 halftime lead. Tulane extended their lead in the second half with two touchdowns by Warren Johnson and one by S. S. Rubira on a 50-yard run in their 22–0 win.
LSU
Two days after their loss against Tulane, Alabama lost, 12–6, to long-time rival LSU at Baton Rouge in their first all-time meeting against the two schools. After a scoreless first half, Alabama took a 6–0 lead on their first drive of the second half on a T. W. Powers touchdown run. However, LSU scored twelve unanswered points on a pair of Sam Lambert touchdowns that gave them the 12–6 victory. This game was originally scheduled to be played on Friday, November 15, but was rescheduled for the Monday that followed due to a train delay as they traveled from Tuscaloosa across the Mississippi Valley.
Auburn
In the first all-time Iron Bowl played in Tuscaloosa, Alabama was defeated by the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Alabama (now known as Auburn University), 48–0. The 48-point margin of victory still stands tied with the 1900 Iron Bowl as the largest for Auburn in the Iron Bowl.
Players
The following players were members of the 1895 football team according to the roster published in the 1896 edition of The Corolla, the University of Alabama yearbook.
Notes
References
General
Specific
Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
College football winless seasons
Alabama Crimson White football |
13165754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishat%20Bagh | Nishat Bagh | Nishat Bagh is a terraced Mughal garden built on the eastern side of the Dal Lake, close to Srinagar in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is the second largest Mughal garden in the Kashmir Valley. Nishat Bagh, is also located on the bank of the Dal Lake. 'Nishat Bagh' is Urdu, and means the "Garden of Joy," "Garden of Gladness" and "Garden of Delight."
History
Located on the bank of the Dal Lake, with the Zabarwan Mountains as its backdrop, Nishat Bagh is a garden with views of the lake beneath the Pir Panjal mountain range. The Bagh was designed and built in 1633 by Asif Khan, elder brother of Nur Jahan.
An anecdote is told of the jealousy of the Emperor Shah Jahan on beholding such a delightful garden, which led to the abandonment of the garden for some time.
When Shah Jahan saw the garden, after its completion in 1633, he expressed great appreciation of its grandeur and beauty. He is believed to have expressed his delight three times to Asif Khan, his father-in-law, in the hope that he would make a gift of it to him. As no such offer was forthcoming from Asif Khan, however, Shah Jahan was piqued and ordered that the water supply to the garden should be cut off. The garden was then deserted for some time. Asif Khan was desolate and heartbroken; he was uninterested in the sequence of events. When he was resting under the shade of a tree, in one of the terraces, his servant was bold enough to turn on the water supply source from the Shalimar Bagh. When Asif Khan heard the sound of water and the fountains in action he was started and immediately ordered the disconnection of the water supply as he feared the worst reaction from the Emperor for this wanton act of disobedience. Fortunately for the servant and for the Khan, Shah Jahan, who had heard about this incident at the garden, was not disturbed or annoyed by the disobedience of his orders. Instead, he approved of the servant's loyal service to his master and then ordered the full restoration rights for the supply of water to the garden to Asif Khan, his Prime Minister and father-in-law.
The Mughal Princess Zuhra Begum, daughter of the Mughal Emperor Alamgir II and granddaughter of the Emperor Jahandar Shah, is buried in the garden.
Layout
The layout of Nishat Bagh was based on the conceptual model of the Persian gardens, remodelled to fit the topographic and water source conditions at the site chosen in the Kashmir valley. The plan, instead of being central with four radiating arms in a square pattern as in the case of Chahar (suited for a flat countryside), was changed to an axial stream flow design to fit the hill condition with water source originating at the top of the hill end. This resulted in planning a rectangular layout rather than a square layout. This helped in dispensing with the long side arms. Thus, a rectangular layout with east–west length of and width of was adopted.
Architecture
Nishat Bagh has a broad cascade of terraces lined with avenues of chinar and cypress trees, which starts from the lakeshore and reaches up to an artificial façade at the hill end. Rising from the edge of the Dal Lake, it has twelve 12 terraces representing twelve Zodiacal signs. However, it has only two sections, namely the public garden and the private garden for the Zanana or harem vis-à-vis the four sections of the Shalimar Bagh; this difference is attributed to the fact that the latter Bagh catered to the Mughal Emperor, while Nishad Bagh belonged to a man of his court, a noble. There are, however, some similarities with the Shalimar Bagh, such as the polished stone channel and terraces. The source of water supply to the two gardens is the same. Built in an east–west direction, the top terrace has the Zenana garden while the lowest terrace is connected to the Dal Lake. In recent years, the lowest terrace has merged with the approach road. A spring called the Gopi Thirst provides clear water supply to the gardens. There are a few old Mughal period buildings in the vicinity of the Bagh.
The central canal, which runs through the garden from the top end, is wide and has a water depth of . Water flows down in a cascade from the top to the first terrace at the road level, which could be also approached from the Dal Lake through a shikara ride. The water flow from one terrace to the next is overstepped stone ramps that provide the sparkle to the flow. At all the terraces fountains with pools are provided, along the water channel. At channel crossings, benches are provided.
The twelve terraces
The details of the twelve terraces have been recorded as originally built:
The first terrace is a water collection chamber that is also linked to the side flow from the garden.
The second terrace is accessed through a gate. This terrace has five fountains that is supplied water from the third terrace, from where it flowed to the lowest terrace.
The third terrace has a different design. The water chute has five arched open niches in the front and similar niches on the sides. A pavilion (baradari), a two-storied structure, which existed here when it was originally built, has since been dismantled. Stairways, on either side of the channel lead to the third terrace, which has a square chamber with five fountains. Moving up the flight of steps (four steps) on either side of the channel leads to the fourth terrace.
The fourth terrace has two levels namely, a water channel and a square pool. Stairways with 7 steps lead to the fifth terrace.
The fifth terrace, where a stone bench is provided to take in the view across the channel. This also has a square chamber with five fountains.
The sixth terrace is at two levels with five fountains and distinctive paving pattern.
The seventh terrace, where the same pattern continues.
The eighth terrace is only a water channel or chute.
The ninth terrace, at the end of two stairways, there is an octagonal bench. The pool in this terrace has nine fountains.
The stairways to the tenth terrace are along the side retaining walls where only the water chute with fountains is provided.
Engraved paths lead to an impressive eleventh terrace, which has twenty-five fountains in a pool. Up from this dramatic terrace is the last one.
The Zenana chamber, the twelfth terrace, is covered in the front by high wall with a façade of blind arches. Only one arch in this blind facade provides an opening to the twelfth terrace. Two small octagonal towers on either side of the retaining walls provide views of the lower level terraces. A two-storey pavilion here is surrounded by a lovely garden with lush plantings.
Out of all the terraces, the second terrace is considered the most impressive in view of the twenty-three niches provided in the arched recess just behind the cascade. Originally lighted lamps used to be placed at these niches. The second terrace also has an abundance of Persian lilacs and pansies coupled with sparkling cascading water over the chute, which provided a lovely sight.
Another interesting feature in the Nishat Bagh is of the many stones and marble thrones that are placed at the head of almost every waterfall.
See also
Foreshore Road
Indo-Islamic Architecture
Shalimar Bagh (Srinagar)
Hazratbal
References
External links
The Herbert Offen Research Collection of the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum
Nishat Bagh on Archnet November 2019, active site
Kashmiri Tourism, Dal Lake November 2019, active site
Mughal gardens in India
Mughal terraced gardens
Gardens in Jammu and Kashmir
Tourist attractions in Srinagar district
1660s establishments in India
1660s establishments in the Mughal Empire
1663 establishments in Asia |
13165757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%20Alabama%20Crimson%20White%20football%20team | 1896 Alabama Crimson White football team | The 1896 Alabama Crimson White football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1896 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was led by head coach Otto Wagonhurst, in his first season, and played their home games at The Quad in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In what was the fifth season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of two wins and one loss (2–1, 1–1 SIAA).
In spring 1895, the university Board of Trustees passed a rule that prohibited athletic teams from competing off-campus for athletic events. As such, all games scheduled for the 1896 season were played on campus at The Quad. In their first game, Alabama shutout the Birmingham Athletic Club before they lost their only game of the season against Sewanee. The Crimson White then closed the season with their second shutout victory of the year against Mississippi A&M.
Schedule
Game summaries
Birmingham Athletic Club
In the first game played against the Birmingham Athletic Club (B.A.C.) since the 1893 season, Alabama defeated the Athletics 30–0 in Tuscaloosa. Alabama scored their first touchdown early in the first half when a B.A.C. fumble was recovered and returned 50-yards for a touchdown. They scored four more touchdowns and made five successful PAT's in their 30–0 shutout victory. In what was the final all-time contest against the Athletics, the victory improved Alabama's all-time record against the Birmingham Athletic Club to 2–3.
Sewanee
Against Sewanee, Alabama lost their first game of the season, 10–6. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Sewanee to 1–2.
Mississippi A&M
In their final game of the season, Alabama defeated the Mississippi A&M Aggies, 20–0, at Tuscaloosa in the first all-time meeting between the long-time rivals. Alabama took a 12–0 halftime lead after Putnam and Frank White scored touchdowns with A. B. McEachin converting both PAT's. In the second half Samuel Slone scored on a 45-yard touchdown run and the Aggies quarterback was sacked for a safety on the last play of the game to make the final score 20–0.
Players
Staff
Head coach: Otto Wagonhurst
Manager: Champ Pickens
Notes
References
Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
Alabama Crimson White football |
13165762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897%20Alabama%20Crimson%20White%20football%20team | 1897 Alabama Crimson White football team | The 1897 Alabama Crimson White football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1897 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was led by head coach Allen McCants, in his first season, and played their home games at The Quad in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In what was the sixth season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of one win and zero losses (1–0, 0–0 SIAA).
In the spring of 1895, the University Board of Trustees passed a rule that prohibited athletic teams from competing off-campus for athletic events, and as such only one game was scheduled for the season. In their only game, the Crimson White shutout the Tuscaloosa Athletic Club on The Quad.
Schedule
Game summaries
Tuscaloosa Athletic Club
In what was the only game played as part of the 1897 season due to prohibition against playing away games, Alabama defeated the Tuscaloosa Athletic Club 6–0 at The Quad in Tuscaloosa. Immediately after their victory, Alabama disbanded their team for the remainder of the season due to an inability to secure any additional home games.
Players
Notes
References
Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
College football undefeated seasons
Alabama Crimson White football |
13165766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%20Alabama%20Crimson%20White%20football%20team | 1899 Alabama Crimson White football team | The 1899 Alabama Crimson White football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1899 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was led by head coach W. A. Martin, in his first season, and played their home games at The Quad in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In what was the seventh season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of three wins and one loss (3–1, 1–0 SIAA). In the spring of 1895, the University Board of Trustees passed a rule that prohibited athletic teams from competing off-campus for athletic events. As such the 1898 season was canceled; however the board subsequently rescinded this rule and the squad returned to the field for the 1899 season.
Schedule
Game summaries
Tuscaloosa Athletic Club
In what was the first game played since the 1897 season, Alabama defeated the Tuscaloosa Athletic Club 16–5. With a halftime score of 5–5, Alabama took the lead in the second half and won 16–5. Former Alabama player and head coach Eli Abbott played for the Tuscaloosa squad in this game.
Montgomery Athletic Club
Shirley Miller had a 75-yard touchdown run for Alabama in this 16–0 shutout victory over the Montgomery Athletic Club.
Ole Miss
In what was the first road game for Alabama since the 1895 season, the Crimsons traveled to Jackson, Mississippi and defeated Ole Miss, 7–5, at Driving Park before 600 spectators. After Alabama took a 2–0 lead following a blocked punt for a safety, Mississippi scored their only points of the game on a short touchdown run for the 5–2 lead. In the second half, Alabama scored the game-winning touchdown on an A. M. Donahoo run for the 7–5 victory. The victory brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi to 1–1.
New Orleans Athletic Club
The day after their victory over Ole Miss, Alabama traveled to New Orleans and lost, 21–0, to the New Orleans Athletic Club in the final game of the season.
Players
Notes
References
Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
Alabama Crimson White football |
13165796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20heat%20content | Ocean heat content | Ocean heat content (OHC) or ocean heat uptake (OHU) is the energy absorbed and stored by oceans. To calculate the ocean heat content, it is necessary to measure ocean temperature at many different locations and depths. Integrating the areal density of a change in enthalpic energy over an ocean basin or entire ocean gives the total ocean heat uptake. Between 1971 and 2018, the rise in ocean heat content accounted for over 90% of Earth's excess energy from global heating. The main driver of this increase was caused by humans via their rising greenhouse gas emissions. By 2020, about one third of the added energy had propagated to depths below 700 meters.
In 2023, the world's oceans were again the hottest in the historical record and exceeded the previous 2022 record maximum. The five highest ocean heat observations to a depth of 2000 meters occurred in the period 2019–2023. The North Pacific, North Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Southern Ocean all recorded their highest heat observations for more than sixty years of global measurements. Ocean heat content and sea level rise are important indicators of climate change.
Ocean water can absorb a lot of solar energy because water has far greater heat capacity than atmospheric gases. As a result, the top few meters of the ocean contain more energy than the entire Earth's atmosphere. Since before 1960, research vessels and stations have sampled sea surface temperatures and temperatures at greater depth all over the world. Since 2000, an expanding network of nearly 4000 Argo robotic floats has measured temperature anomalies, or the change in ocean heat content. With improving observation in recent decades, the heat content of the upper ocean has been analyzed to have increased at an accelerating rate. The net rate of change in the top 2000 meters from 2003 to 2018 was (or annual mean energy gain of 9.3 zettajoules). It is difficult to measure temperatures accurately over long periods while at the same time covering enough areas and depths. This explains the uncertainty in the figures.
Changes in ocean temperature greatly affect ecosystems in oceans and on land. For example, there are multiple impacts on coastal ecosystems and communities relying on their ecosystem services. Direct effects include variations in sea level and sea ice, changes to the intensity of the water cycle, and the migration of marine life.
Calculations
Definition
Ocean heat content is a term used in physical oceanography to describe a type of energy that is stored in the ocean. It is defined in coordination with a particular formulation of the thermodynamic equation of state of seawater. TEOS-10 is an international standard approved in 2010 by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.
Calculation of ocean heat content is closely aligned with that of enthalpy at an ocean surface, also called potential enthalpy. OHC changes are thus made more readily comparable to seawater heat exchanges with ice, freshwater, and humid air. OHC is always reported as a change or as an "anomaly" relative to a baseline. Positive values then also quantify ocean heat uptake (OHU) and are useful to diagnose where most of planetary energy gains from global heating are going.
To calculate the ocean heat content, measurements of ocean temperature from sample parcels of seawater gathered at many different locations and depths are required. Integrating the areal density of ocean heat over an ocean basin, or entire ocean, gives the total ocean heat content. Thus, total ocean heat content is a volume integral of the product of temperature, density, and heat capacity over the three-dimensional region of the ocean for which data is available. The bulk of measurements have been performed at depths shallower than about 2000 m (1.25 miles).
The areal density of ocean heat content between two depths is computed as a definite integral:
where is the specific heat capacity of sea water, h2 is the lower depth, h1 is the upper depth, is the in-situ seawater density profile, and is the conservative temperature profile. is defined at a single depth h0 usually chosen as the ocean surface. In SI units, has units of Joules per square metre (J·m−2).
In practice, the integral can be approximated by summation using a smooth and otherwise well-behaved sequence of in-situ data; including temperature (t), pressure (p), salinity (s) and their corresponding density (ρ). Conservative temperature are translated values relative to the reference pressure (p0) at h0. A substitute known as potential temperature has been used in earlier calculations.
Measurements of temperature versus ocean depth generally show an upper mixed layer (0–200 m), a thermocline (200–1500 m), and a deep ocean layer (>1500 m). These boundary depths are only rough approximations. Sunlight penetrates to a maximum depth of about 200 m; the top 80 m of which is the habitable zone for photosynthetic marine life covering over 70% of Earth's surface. Wave action and other surface turbulence help to equalize temperatures throughout the upper layer.
Unlike surface temperatures which decrease with latitude, deep-ocean temperatures are relatively cold and uniform in most regions of the world. About 50% of all ocean volume is at depths below 3000 m (1.85 miles), with the Pacific Ocean being the largest and deepest of five oceanic divisions. The thermocline is the transition between upper and deep layers in terms of temperature, nutrient flows, abundance of life, and other properties. It is semi-permanent in the tropics, variable in temperate regions (often deepest during the summer), and shallow to nonexistent in polar regions.
Measurements
Ocean heat content measurements come with difficulties, especially before the deployment of the Argo profiling floats. Due to poor spatial coverage and poor quality of data, it has not always been easy to distinguish between long term global warming trends and climate variability. Examples of these complicating factors are the variations caused by El Niño–Southern Oscillation or changes in ocean heat content caused by major volcanic eruptions.
Argo is an international program of robotic profiling floats deployed globally since the start of the 21st century. The program's initial 3000 units had expanded to nearly 4000 units by year 2020. At the start of each 10-day measurement cycle, a float descends to a depth of 1000 meters and drifts with the current there for nine days. It then descends to 2000 meters and measures temperature, salinity (conductivity), and depth (pressure) over a final day of ascent to the surface. At the surface the float transmits the depth profile and horizontal position data through satellite relays before repeating the cycle.
Starting 1992, the TOPEX/Poseidon and subsequent Jason satellite series altimeters have observed vertically integrated OHC, which is a major component of sea level rise. Since 2002, GRACE and GRACE-FO have remotely monitored ocean changes using gravimetry. The partnership between Argo and satellite measurements has thereby yielded ongoing improvements to estimates of OHC and other global ocean properties.
Causes for heat uptake
Ocean heat uptake accounts for over 90% of total planetary heat uptake, mainly as a consequence of human-caused changes to the composition of Earth's atmosphere. This high percentage is because waters at and below the ocean surface - especially the turbulent upper mixed layer - exhibit a thermal inertia much larger than the planet's exposed continental crust, ice-covered polar regions, or atmospheric components themselves. A body with large thermal inertia stores a big amount of energy because of its volumetric heat capacity, and effectively transmits energy according to its heat transfer coefficient. Most extra energy that enters the planet via the atmosphere is thereby taken up and retained by the ocean.
Planetary heat uptake or heat content accounts for the entire energy added to or removed from the climate system. It can be computed as an accumulation over time of the observed differences (or imbalances) between total incoming and outgoing radiation.
Changes to the imbalance have been estimated from Earth orbit by CERES and other remote instruments, and compared against in-situ surveys of heat inventory changes in oceans, land, ice and the atmosphere. Achieving complete and accurate results from either accounting method is challenging, but in different ways that are viewed by researchers as being mostly independent of each other. Increases in planetary heat content for the well-observed 2005-2019 period are thought to exceed measurement uncertainties.
From the ocean perspective, the more abundant equatorial solar irradiance is directly absorbed by Earth's tropical surface waters and drives the overall poleward propagation of heat. The surface also exchanges energy that has been absorbed by the lower troposphere through wind and wave action. Over time, a sustained imbalance in Earth's energy budget enables a net flow of heat either into or out of greater ocean depth via thermal conduction, downwelling, and upwelling. Releases of OHC to the atmosphere occur primarily via evaporation and enable the planetary water cycle. Concentrated releases in association with high sea surface temperatures help drive tropical cyclones, atmospheric rivers, atmospheric heat waves and other extreme weather events that can penetrate far inland. Altogether these processes enable the ocean to be Earth's largest thermal reservoir which functions to regulate the planet's climate; acting as both a sink and a source of energy.
From the perspective of land and ice covered regions, their portion of heat uptake is reduced and delayed by the dominant thermal inertia of the ocean. Although the average rise in land surface temperature has exceeded the ocean surface due to the lower inertia (smaller heat-transfer coefficient) of solid land and ice, temperatures would rise more rapidly and by a greater amount without the full ocean. Measurements of how rapidly the heat mixes into the deep ocean have also been underway to better close the ocean and planetary energy budgets.
Recent observations and changes
Numerous independent studies in recent years have found a multi-decadal rise in OHC of upper ocean regions that has begun to penetrate to deeper regions. The upper ocean (0–700 m) has warmed since 1971, while it is very likely that warming has occurred at intermediate depths (700–2000 m) and likely that deep ocean (below 2000 m) temperatures have increased. The heat uptake results from a persistent warming imbalance in Earth's energy budget that is most fundamentally caused by the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases. There is very high confidence that increased ocean heat content in response to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is essentially irreversible on human time scales.
Studies based on Argo measurements indicate that ocean surface winds, especially the subtropical trade winds in the Pacific Ocean, change ocean heat vertical distribution. This results in changes among ocean currents, and an increase of the subtropical overturning, which is also related to the El Niño and La Niña phenomenon. Depending on stochastic natural variability fluctuations, during La Niña years around 30% more heat from the upper ocean layer is transported into the deeper ocean. Furthermore, studies have shown that approximately one-third of the observed warming in the ocean is taking place in the 700-2000 meter ocean layer.
Model studies indicate that ocean currents transport more heat into deeper layers during La Niña years, following changes in wind circulation. Years with increased ocean heat uptake have been associated with negative phases of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO). This is of particular interest to climate scientists who use the data to estimate the ocean heat uptake.
The upper ocean heat content in most North Atlantic regions is dominated by heat transport convergence (a location where ocean currents meet), without large changes to temperature and salinity relation. Additionally, a study from 2022 on anthropogenic warming in the ocean indicates that 62% of the warming from the years between 1850 and 2018 in the North Atlantic along 25°N is kept in the water below 700 m, where a major percentage of the ocean's surplus heat is stored.
A study in 2015 concluded that ocean heat content increases by the Pacific Ocean were compensated by an abrupt distribution of OHC into the Indian Ocean.
Although the upper 2000 m of the oceans have experienced warming on average since the 1970s, the rate of ocean warming varies regionally with the subpolar North Atlantic warming more slowly and the Southern Ocean taking up a disproportionate large amount of heat due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
Deep-ocean warming below 2000 m has been largest in the Southern Ocean compared to other ocean basins.
Impacts
Warming oceans are one reason for coral bleaching and contribute to the migration of marine species. Marine heat waves are regions of life-threatening and persistently elevated water temperatures. Redistribution of the planet's internal energy by atmospheric circulation and ocean currents produces internal climate variability, often in the form of irregular oscillations, and helps to sustain the global thermohaline circulation.
The increase in OHC accounts for 30–40% of global sea-level rise from 1900 to 2020 because of thermal expansion.
It is also an accelerator of sea ice, iceberg, and tidewater glacier melting. The ice loss reduces polar albedo, amplifying both the regional and global energy imbalances.
The resulting ice retreat has been rapid and widespread for Arctic sea ice, and within northern fjords such as those of Greenland and Canada.
Impacts to Antarctic sea ice and the vast Antarctic ice shelves which terminate into the Southern Ocean have varied by region and are also increasing due to warming waters. Breakup of the Thwaites Ice Shelf and its West Antarctica neighbors contributed about 10% of sea-level rise in 2020.
The ocean also functions as a sink and source of carbon, with a role comparable to that of land regions in Earth's carbon cycle. In accordance with the temperature dependence of Henry's law, warming surface waters are less able to absorb atmospheric gases including oxygen and the growing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from human activity. Nevertheless the rate in which the ocean absorbs anthropogenic carbon dioxide has approximately tripled from the early 1960s to the late 2010s; a scaling proportional to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Warming of the deep ocean has the further potential to melt and release some of the vast store of frozen methane hydrate deposits that have naturally accumulated there.
See also
References
External links
NOAA Global Ocean Heat and Salt Content
Meteorological concepts
Climate change
Climatology
Earth
Earth sciences
Environmental science
Oceanography
Articles containing video clips |
13165799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Simpson%20%28basketball%29 | John Simpson (basketball) | John Simpson (born in Haydock, St Helens) is a professional basketball player who played in the British Basketball League.
Guard Simpson joined the Liverpool-based Everton Tigers from local-rivals Cheshire Jets during the summer of 2007, ending a three-year spell at the club.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cheshire Jets players
English men's basketball players
Doping cases in basketball
English sportspeople in doping cases
Mersey Tigers players
Sportspeople from St Helens, Merseyside |
13165865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20Church%2C%20Austin%20Friars | Dutch Church, Austin Friars | The Dutch Church, Austin Friars (), is a reformed church in the Broad Street Ward, in the City of London. Located on the site of the 13th-century Augustinian friary, the original building granted to Protestant refugees for their church services in 1550 was destroyed during the London Blitz.
The present church was built between 1950 and 1954 and is a familiar landmark in the Broad Street Ward. With the founding of the church dating to 1550, it is the oldest Dutch-language Protestant church in the world, and as such is known in The Netherlands as the mother church of all Dutch reformed churches.
History
The original church was a monastic priory known as the Austin Friars, London, a contraction of "Augustinian Friars", founded circa 1253 by Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford (d. 1275). The pretender Perkin Warbeck, executed on 23 November 1499 for claiming to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the Princes in the Tower, is buried in the church. The priory was dissolved in November 1538. The City of London attempted to buy the church of the friary from the Crown in 1539 and again in 1546 but was rebuffed. In 1550, London's community of "Germans and other strangers" was granted the use of the friary church's nave; the rest of the church was used as a storehouse, with the monuments sold for £100 and the lead stripped from the roof. The choir, tower and transepts were demolished in 1600.
The nave became the first official nonconformist chapel in England under its Polish-born superintendent John a Lasco (known in Poland as Jan Łaski) who had founded a preaching house for a group of Protestant refugees mainly from the Low Countries. The mostly Dutch and French speaking "strangers" were granted a royal charter on 24 July 1550 that allowed them to establish a Stranger Church and this was incorporated by letters patent from King Edward VI. Upon incorporation, the church was named the "Temple of the Lord Jesus" and had four pastors: two for Dutch and two for the French-Walloon who by the 1580s began using St Anthony's Chapel in Threadneedle Street.
By 1570, the Dutch community was the largest group of expatriates in London, numbering 5,000 out of the 100,000 total population of the time. About half of the Dutch in London were Protestants who fled the Flemish Low Countries due to religious persecution. Others were skilled craftsman, including brewers, tile makers, weavers, artists, printers and engravers, who came to England for economic opportunities. Engraver Martin Droeshout, famous for his 1623 portrait of William Shakespeare, was among the Flemish Protestant emigrants who arrived in London.
A century later, the arrival of William of Orange brought a second wave of Dutch emigrants to London. This second group included noblemen, bankers, courtiers, merchants, architects and artists.
20th century
In the night of 15–16 October 1940, just a decade before the Dutch Church celebrated its 400th anniversary, the medieval building was completely destroyed by German bombs. The church's collection of rare books including Dutch Bibles, atlases and encyclopedias had been moved out of London for safe-keeping one day before the bombing raid that destroyed the building. The church's manuscript collection and original charter are kept in the London Metropolitan Archives. The church's library collection is currently being digitalised, but, by April 2021, the online catalogue remained unpublished.
The foundation stone of the new church was laid on 23 July 1950 by the 10-year-old Princess Irene of the Netherlands. The new church, built to the design of Arthur Bailey, was completed in 1954. The new building is a concrete box frame, externally clad in Portland stone. It features 1950s stained glass by the Dutch painter Max Nauta, Hugh Ray Easton and William Wilson. The church possesses detailed archives, and is a popular tourist attraction.
The church was designated a Grade-II listed building on 25 September 1998. In 2000, the church celebrated its 450th anniversary; Prof. Keetie E Sluyterman at the University of Utrecht published a book about the church and its history, De Kerk in de City.
21st century
The church remains active today, with weekly Dutch-language church services, confirmation classes, and meetings for various groups. The church also does outreach to the Dutch community in London, including ministering to the elderly. The church is home to two other UK registered charities: The Netherlands Benevolent Society (NBS) and The Dutch Centre. On 24 April 2015, Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands was honorary guest in the Dutch Church for a jubilee celebration to mark 150 years since the founding of the NBS. On the same day the Dutch Centre was officially opened by Laetitia van den Assum, Ambassador of the Netherlands to the United Kingdom, Liesbeth Knook, Chairman of the Church Council and Paul Beiboer, General Manager of London branch of Rabobank.
In April 2014, the minister of the church, Rev. Joost Röselaers, confirmed that the Dutch Church was able to perform weddings for same-sex couples.
Members of the Dutch Stranger Church
Cornelis Bol, Flemish painter
Lucas de Heere, Flemish painter, elder of the church
Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen, painter
John a Lasco, first superintendent of the church
Marten Micron, first pastor of the church
Steven Mierdman, printer (pseudonym Niclaes van Oldenborch), joined the church in 1550
George van Parris, surgeon, burned in London for heresy on 25 April 1551
Jan Utenhove, writer, elder of the church
Justus Velsius, dissident, joined the church in 1563
See also
English Reformed Church, Amsterdam
Stranger churches
Susanne van Soldt Manuscript
Notes
External links
Dutch Church, Austin Friars
1550 establishments in England
1940 disestablishments in England
1954 establishments in England
Churches in the City of London
Churches bombed by the Luftwaffe in London
Dutch diaspora in the United Kingdom
Rebuilt churches in the United Kingdom
Austin Friars
Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
Grade II listed churches in the City of London |
13165878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Delorey | Paul Delorey | Paul Alfred Delorey (May 3, 1949 – January 1, 2021) was a Canadian curler, territorial level politician, and speaker of the Northwest Territories (NWT) Legislature.
Curling
Delorey was an avid curler. He represented the NWT/Yukon at the Canadian Mixed Curling Championships in 1987. In 1994, Team Paul Delorey finished in fifth place at the Canadian North Arctic Briar.
He was on Team Canada in the Strathcona Cup Championships in Scotland in 1998. He has coached junior curling for 22 years and was a fully qualified Level 2 coach. He also served as a director on the NWT Curling Association Board for three years and as the president of the Hay River Curling Club for five years. Delorey was a member of the Governor General's Curling Club of Canada.
Politics
Delorey was elected to the Northwest Territories Legislature in the new electoral district of Hay River North for the 1999 Northwest Territories general election. He was re-elected to his second term by acclamation in the 2003 Northwest Territories general election. Delorey was elected to be the Speaker of the Northwest Territories Legislature on June 1, 2004. He was re-elected in the 2007 Northwest Territories general election.
References
External links
Paul Delorey biography
Canadian sportsperson-politicians
1949 births
2021 deaths
Speakers of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
Curlers from the Northwest Territories
People from Hay River
Canadian curling coaches
People from Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
21st-century members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories |
13165881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20doll | Art doll | Art dolls are objects of art, rather than children's toys, created in a wide variety of styles and media, and may include both pre-manufactured parts.
History
Art dolls production demand a wide range of skills and technologies, including sculpting, painting, and costuming. They are often multimedia objects made from materials such as fabric, paperclay, polymer clay, wax, wood, porcelain, natural or synthetic hair, yarn, wool, and felt. As works of art, art dolls can take weeks or months to finish.
One-of-a-kind (OOAK) art dolls may command prices in the thousands of dollars; publications featuring established and emerging doll artists support collection, and artist groups, such as the National Institute of American Doll Artists (NIADA), promote the art form.
There is an entire industry related to the mediums used in creating art dolls. Sculpting from clay is very prevalent. There are many varieties including air-dry, polymer clay, modeling clay to paperclay. Some top brands include ProSculpt, Sculpey, La Doll, and Creative Paperclay.
Selected examples
2008's Melbourne Fringe Festival featured the work of Rachel Hughes and curator Sayraphim Lothian, amongst others. The elaborate ball-jointed ceramic dolls of Marina Bychkova fetch prices from $5,000 to $45,000, and are collected by the likes of Louis Vuitton designers. In 2010, Facebook banned images of an art doll by Bychkova posted by Sydney jeweller Victoria Buckley; included were images of a semi-naked doll used to display jewellery in her shop window. Eco-designer, Ryan Jude Novelline, created a commemorative art doll from a vintage Barbie recognizing marriage equality in the United States in June 2015.
See also
Hans Bellmer
OOAK
Repaint
References
External links
National Institute of American Doll Artists
Original Doll Artists Council of America
Art Doll Quarterly
Dolls |
13165895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybius%20%28disambiguation%29 | Polybius (disambiguation) | Polybius (c. 203 BC – 120 BC) was an ancient Greek historian.
Polybius may also refer to:
People
Polybius (freedman) (fl. 1st century), freedman and later secretariat under the Roman Emperor Claudius
Polybius of Tralles, a 2nd-century Christian bishop mentioned in the writings of Ignatius of Antioch
Other uses
Polybius (crab), a genus of swimming crabs
Polybius (crater), a lunar impact crater
Polybius (urban legend), a fictitious video game featured in urban legend
Polybius (2017 video game), released for the PlayStation 4
Polybius square, a cipher key technique
"Polybius", the fourth episode of Dimension 404, based on the urban legend
Polybius Bank, an Estonian bank |
13165909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschudi%20Group | Tschudi Group | The Tschudi Group is a private shipping and logistics company, established in 1883. The company is now owned and run by the fourth and fifth generations of the Tschudi family. The head office is located in Lysaker, Norway.
The Group's main commercial competences are shipping and maritime services, logistics and offshore support. The Group is active in ship management, offering commercial, technical management and crewing services to third party clients.
The Tschudi Group has offices in Norway, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Estonia, Ukraine, Poland, Mozambique and is represented by an agent in China. The Group is well represented with strong teams in many countries and business areas, but has a particular stronghold in the Nordic countries, the Baltic and Continental Europe.
Shipping companies of Norway
Container shipping companies
Eitzen Group |