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Clinical NLP Lab 23

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: BRCA1 is secreted and exhibits properties of a granin . ### Output Text:

BRCA1 is secreted and exhibits properties of a granin .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Germline mutations in BRCA1 are responsible for most cases of inherited breast and ovarian cancer . ### Output Text:

Germline mutations in BRCA1 are responsible for most cases of <span class="disease">inherited breast and ovarian cancer</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: However , the function of the BRCA1 protein has remained elusive . ### Output Text:

However , the function of the BRCA1 protein has remained elusive .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: We now show that BRCA1 encodes a 190 - kD protein with sequence homology and biochemical analogy to the granin protein family . ### Output Text:

We now show that BRCA1 encodes a 190 - kD protein with sequence homology and biochemical analogy to the granin protein family .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Interestingly , BRCA2 also includes a motif similar to the granin consensus at the C terminus of the protein . ### Output Text:

Interestingly , BRCA2 also includes a motif similar to the granin consensus at the C terminus of the protein .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Both BRCA1 and the granins localize to secretory vesicles , are secreted by a regulated pathway , are post - translationally glycosylated and are responsive to hormones . ### Output Text:

Both BRCA1 and the granins localize to secretory vesicles , are secreted by a regulated pathway , are post - translationally glycosylated and are responsive to hormones .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: As a regulated secretory protein , BRCA1 appears to function by a mechanism not previously described for tumour suppressor gene products . . ### Output Text:

As a regulated secretory protein , BRCA1 appears to function by a mechanism not previously described for <span class="disease">tumour</span> suppressor gene products . .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers is modified by the HRAS1 variable number of tandem repeat ( VNTR ) locus . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">Ovarian cancer</span> risk in BRCA1 carriers is modified by the HRAS1 variable number of tandem repeat ( VNTR ) locus .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Women who carry a mutation in the BRCA1 gene ( on chromosome 17q21 ) , have an 80 % risk of breast cancer and a 40 % risk of ovarian cancer by the age of 70 ( ref . 1 ) . ### Output Text:

Women who carry a mutation in the BRCA1 gene ( on chromosome 17q21 ) , have an 80 % risk of <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> and a 40 % risk of <span class="disease">ovarian cancer</span> by the age of 70 ( ref . 1 ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The variable penetrance of BRCA1 suggests that other genetic and non - genetic factors play a role in tumourigenesis in these individuals . ### Output Text:

The variable penetrance of BRCA1 suggests that other genetic and non - genetic factors play a role in tumourigenesis in these individuals .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The HRAS1 variable number of tandem repeats ( VNTR ) polymorphism , located 1 kilobase ( kb ) downstream of the HRAS1 proto - oncogene ( chromosome 11p15 . 5 ) is one possible genetic modifier of cancer penetrance . ### Output Text:

The HRAS1 variable number of tandem repeats ( VNTR ) polymorphism , located 1 kilobase ( kb ) downstream of the HRAS1 proto - oncogene ( chromosome 11p15 . 5 ) is one possible genetic modifier of <span class="disease">cancer</span> penetrance .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Individuals who have rare alleles of the VNTR have an increased risk of certain types of cancers , including breast cancer ( 2 - 4 ) . ### Output Text:

Individuals who have rare alleles of the VNTR have an increased risk of certain types of <span class="disease">cancers</span> , including <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> ( 2 - 4 ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: To investigate whether the presence of rare HRAS1 alleles increases susceptibility to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer , we have typed a panel of 307 female BRCA1 carriers at this locus using a PCR - based technique . ### Output Text:

To investigate whether the presence of rare HRAS1 alleles increases susceptibility to <span class="disease">hereditary breast and ovarian cancer</span> , we have typed a panel of 307 female BRCA1 carriers at this locus using a PCR - based technique .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The risk for ovarian cancer was 2 . ### Output Text:

The risk for <span class="disease">ovarian cancer</span> was 2 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: 11 times greater for BRCA1 carriers harbouring one or two rare HRAS1 alleles , compared to carriers with only common alleles ( P = 0 . 015 ) . ### Output Text:

11 times greater for BRCA1 carriers harbouring one or two rare HRAS1 alleles , compared to carriers with only common alleles ( P = 0 . 015 ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The magnitude of the relative risk associated with a rare HRAS1 allele was not altered by adjusting for the other known risk factors for hereditary ovarian cancer ( 5 ) . ### Output Text:

The magnitude of the relative risk associated with a rare HRAS1 allele was not altered by adjusting for the other known risk factors for <span class="disease">hereditary ovarian cancer</span> ( 5 ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Susceptibility to breast cancer did not appear to be affected by the presence of rare HRAS1 alleles . ### Output Text:

Susceptibility to <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> did not appear to be affected by the presence of rare HRAS1 alleles .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: This study is the first to show the effect of a modifying gene on the penetrance of an inherited cancer syndrome ### Output Text:

This study is the first to show the effect of a modifying gene on the penetrance of an <span class="disease">inherited cancer syndrome</span>

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: A novel homeodomain - encoding gene is associated with a large CpG island interrupted by the myotonic dystrophy unstable ( CTG ) n repeat . ### Output Text:

A novel homeodomain - encoding gene is associated with a large CpG island interrupted by the <span class="disease">myotonic dystrophy</span> unstable ( CTG ) n repeat .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) is associated with a ( CTG ) n trinucleotide repeat expansion in the 3 - untranslated region of a protein kinase - encoding gene , DMPK , which maps to chromosome 19q13 . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">Myotonic dystrophy</span> ( <span class="disease">DM</span> ) is associated with a ( CTG ) n trinucleotide repeat expansion in the 3 - untranslated region of a protein kinase - encoding gene , DMPK , which maps to chromosome 19q13 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: 3 . ### Output Text:

3 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Characterisation of the expression of this gene in patient tissues has thus far generated conflicting data on alterations in the steady state levels of DMPK mRNA , and on the final DMPK protein levels in the presence of the expansion . ### Output Text:

Characterisation of the expression of this gene in patient tissues has thus far generated conflicting data on alterations in the steady state levels of DMPK mRNA , and on the final DMPK protein levels in the presence of the expansion .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The DM region of chromosome 19 is gene rich , and it is possible that the repeat expansion may lead to dysfunction of a number of transcription units in the vicinity , perhaps as a consequence of chromatin disruption . ### Output Text:

The <span class="disease">DM</span> region of chromosome 19 is gene rich , and it is possible that the repeat expansion may lead to dysfunction of a number of transcription units in the vicinity , perhaps as a consequence of chromatin disruption .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: We have searched for genes associated with a CpG island at the 3 end of DMPK . ### Output Text:

We have searched for genes associated with a CpG island at the 3 end of DMPK .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Sequencing of this region shows that the island extends over 3 . ### Output Text:

Sequencing of this region shows that the island extends over 3 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: 5 kb and is interrupted by the ( CTG ) n repeat . ### Output Text:

5 kb and is interrupted by the ( CTG ) n repeat .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Comparison of genomic sequences downstream ( centromeric ) of the repeat in human and mouse identified regions of significant homology . ### Output Text:

Comparison of genomic sequences downstream ( centromeric ) of the repeat in human and mouse identified regions of significant homology .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: These correspond to exons of a gene predicted to encode a homeodomain protein . ### Output Text:

These correspond to exons of a gene predicted to encode a homeodomain protein .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: RT - PCR analysis shows that this gene , which we have called DM locus - associated homeodomain protein ( DMAHP ) , is expressed in a number of human tissues , including skeletal muscle , heart and brain . ### Output Text:

RT - PCR analysis shows that this gene , which we have called <span class="disease">DM</span> locus - associated homeodomain protein ( DMAHP ) , is expressed in a number of human tissues , including skeletal muscle , heart and brain .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Germline mutations in the RB1 gene in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma . ### Output Text:

Germline mutations in the RB1 gene in patients with <span class="disease">hereditary retinoblastoma</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: We have analyzed the 27 exons and the promoter region of the RB1 gene in familial or sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma by using single - strand conformation polymorphism analysis . ### Output Text:

We have analyzed the 27 exons and the promoter region of the RB1 gene in <span class="disease">familial or sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma</span> by using single - strand conformation polymorphism analysis .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: For improvement over previous studies , a new set of primers has been designed , which allow for amplification of the coding and splicing sequences only . ### Output Text:

For improvement over previous studies , a new set of primers has been designed , which allow for amplification of the coding and splicing sequences only .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The positioning of the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) primers was such that the resulting PCR products were of different sizes , which enabled us to analyze two different exons simultaneously and still distinguish between the banding profiles for both ( biplex analysis ) . ### Output Text:

The positioning of the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) primers was such that the resulting PCR products were of different sizes , which enabled us to analyze two different exons simultaneously and still distinguish between the banding profiles for both ( biplex analysis ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: By using this approach , we were able to identify mutation in 22 new patients , but the overall efficiency of the procedure when we used a single - pass regimen was only 48 % . ### Output Text:

By using this approach , we were able to identify mutation in 22 new patients , but the overall efficiency of the procedure when we used a single - pass regimen was only 48 % .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The mutations were small insertions and deletions and point mutations in roughly equal proportions . . ### Output Text:

The mutations were small insertions and deletions and point mutations in roughly equal proportions . .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Type II human complement C2 deficiency . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">Type II human complement C2 deficiency</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Allele - specific amino acid substitutions ( Ser189 - - > Phe ; Gly444 - - > Arg ) cause impaired C2 secretion . ### Output Text:

Allele - specific amino acid substitutions ( Ser189 - - > Phe ; Gly444 - - > Arg ) cause impaired C2 secretion .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Type II complement protein C2 deficiency is characterized by a selective block in C2 secretion . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">Type II complement protein C2 deficiency</span> is characterized by a selective block in C2 secretion .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The Type II C2 null allele ( C2Q0 ) is linked to two major histocompatibility haplotypes ( MHC ) that differ from the MHC of the more common Type I C2 deficiency . ### Output Text:

The Type II C2 null allele ( C2Q0 ) is linked to two major histocompatibility haplotypes ( MHC ) that differ from the MHC of the more common <span class="disease">Type I C2 deficiency</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: To determine the molecular basis of Type II deficiency the two Type II C2Q0 genes were isolated and transfected separately into L - cells . ### Output Text:

To determine the molecular basis of <span class="disease">Type II deficiency</span> the two Type II C2Q0 genes were isolated and transfected separately into L - cells .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Subsequent molecular biology , biosynthetic , and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that C2 secretion is impaired in Type II C2 deficiency because of different missense mutations at highly conserved residues in each of the C2Q0 alleles . ### Output Text:

Subsequent molecular biology , biosynthetic , and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that C2 secretion is impaired in <span class="disease">Type II C2 deficiency</span> because of different missense mutations at highly conserved residues in each of the C2Q0 alleles .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: One is in exon 5 ( nucleotide C566 - - > T ; Ser189 - - > Phe ) of the C2Q0 gene linked to the MHC haplotype A11 , B35 , DRw1 , BFS , C4A0B1 . ### Output Text:

One is in exon 5 ( nucleotide C566 - - > T ; Ser189 - - > Phe ) of the C2Q0 gene linked to the MHC haplotype A11 , B35 , DRw1 , BFS , C4A0B1 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The other is in exon 11 ( G1930 - - > A ; Gly444 - - > Arg ) of the C2Q0 gene linked to the MHC haplotype A2 , B5 , DRw4 , BFS , C4A3B1 . ### Output Text:

The other is in exon 11 ( G1930 - - > A ; Gly444 - - > Arg ) of the C2Q0 gene linked to the MHC haplotype A2 , B5 , DRw4 , BFS , C4A3B1 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Each mutant C2 gene product is retained early in the secretory pathway . ### Output Text:

Each mutant C2 gene product is retained early in the secretory pathway .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: These mutants provide models for elucidating the C2 secretory pathway . . ### Output Text:

These mutants provide models for elucidating the C2 secretory pathway . .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Defective dimerization of von Willebrand factor subunits due to a Cys - > Arg mutation in type IID von Willebrand disease . ### Output Text:

Defective dimerization of <span class="disease">von Willebrand</span> factor subunits due to a Cys - > Arg mutation in <span class="disease">type IID von Willebrand disease</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The same heterozygous T - > C transition at nt 8567 of the von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) transcript was found in two unrelated patients with type IID von Willebrand disease , with no other apparent abnormality . ### Output Text:

The same heterozygous T - > C transition at nt 8567 of the <span class="disease">von Willebrand</span> factor ( vWF ) transcript was found in two unrelated patients with <span class="disease">type IID von Willebrand disease</span> , with no other apparent abnormality .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: In one family , both alleles were normal in the parents and one sister ; thus , the mutation originated de novo in the proposita . ### Output Text:

In one family , both alleles were normal in the parents and one sister ; thus , the mutation originated de novo in the proposita .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The second patient also had asymptomatic parents who , however , were not available for study . ### Output Text:

The second patient also had asymptomatic parents who , however , were not available for study .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The structural consequences of the identified mutation , resulting in the CyS2010 - > Arg substitution , were evaluated by expression of the vWF carboxyl - terminal domain containing residues 1366 - 2050 . ### Output Text:

The structural consequences of the identified mutation , resulting in the CyS2010 - > Arg substitution , were evaluated by expression of the vWF carboxyl - terminal domain containing residues 1366 - 2050 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus expressing normal vWF sequence secreted a disulfide linked dimeric molecule with an apparent molecular mass of 150 kDa before reduction , yielding a single band of 80 kDa after disulfide bond reduction . ### Output Text:

Insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus expressing normal vWF sequence secreted a disulfide linked dimeric molecule with an apparent molecular mass of 150 kDa before reduction , yielding a single band of 80 kDa after disulfide bond reduction .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: In contrast , cells expressing the mutant fragment secreted a monomeric molecule of apparent molecular mass of 80 kDa , which remained unchanged after reduction . ### Output Text:

In contrast , cells expressing the mutant fragment secreted a monomeric molecule of apparent molecular mass of 80 kDa , which remained unchanged after reduction .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: We conclude that CyS2010 is essential for normal dimerization of vWF subunits through disulfide bonding of carboxyl - terminal domains and that a heterozygous mutation in the corresponding codon is responsible for defective multimer formation in type IID von Willebrand disease . . ### Output Text:

We conclude that CyS2010 is essential for normal dimerization of vWF subunits through disulfide bonding of carboxyl - terminal domains and that a heterozygous mutation in the corresponding codon is responsible for defective multimer formation in <span class="disease">type IID von Willebrand disease</span> . .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome protein , a novel effector for the GTPase CDC42Hs , is implicated in actin polymerization . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome</span> protein , a novel effector for the GTPase CDC42Hs , is implicated in actin polymerization .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The Rho family of GTPases control diverse biological processes , including cell morphology and mitogenesis . ### Output Text:

The Rho family of GTPases control diverse biological processes , including cell morphology and mitogenesis .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: We have identified WASP , the protein that is defective in Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome ( WAS ) , as a novel effector for CDC42Hs , but not for the other Rho family members , Rac and Rho . ### Output Text:

We have identified WASP , the protein that is defective in <span class="disease">Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome</span> ( <span class="disease">WAS</span> ) , as a novel effector for CDC42Hs , but not for the other Rho family members , Rac and Rho .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: This interaction is dependent on the presence of the G protein - binding domain . ### Output Text:

This interaction is dependent on the presence of the G protein - binding domain .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Cellular expression of epitope - tagged WASP produces clusters of WASP that are highly enriched in polymerized actin . ### Output Text:

Cellular expression of epitope - tagged WASP produces clusters of WASP that are highly enriched in polymerized actin .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: This clustering is not observed with a C - terminally deleted WASP and is inhibited by coexpression with dominant negative CDC42Hs - N17 , but not with dominant negative forms of Rac or Rho . ### Output Text:

This clustering is not observed with a C - terminally deleted WASP and is inhibited by coexpression with dominant negative CDC42Hs - N17 , but not with dominant negative forms of Rac or Rho .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Thus , WASP provides a novel link between CDC42Hs and the actin cytoskeleton , which suggests a molecular mechanism for many of the cellular abnormalities in WAS . ### Output Text:

Thus , WASP provides a novel link between CDC42Hs and the actin cytoskeleton , which suggests a molecular mechanism for many of the cellular abnormalities in <span class="disease">WAS</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The WASP sequence contains two novel domains that are homologous to other proteins involved in action organization . . ### Output Text:

The WASP sequence contains two novel domains that are homologous to other proteins involved in action organization . .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: X - linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a frequent cause of idiopathic Addison ' s disease in young adult male patients . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">X - linked adrenoleukodystrophy</span> is a frequent cause of idiopathic <span class="disease">Addison ' s disease</span> in young adult male patients .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: X - Linked adrenoleukodystrophy ( ALD ) is a genetic disease associated with demyelination of the central nervous system , adrenal insufficiency , and accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in tissue and body fluids . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">X - Linked adrenoleukodystrophy</span> ( <span class="disease">ALD</span> ) is a <span class="disease">genetic disease</span> associated with <span class="disease">demyelination of the central nervous system</span> , <span class="disease">adrenal insufficiency</span> , and accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in tissue and body fluids .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: ALD is due to mutation of a gene located in Xq28 that encodes a peroxisomal transporter protein of unknown function . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">ALD</span> is due to mutation of a gene located in Xq28 that encodes a peroxisomal transporter protein of unknown function .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The most common phenotype of ALD is the cerebral form ( 45 % ) that develops in boys between 5 - 12 yr . ### Output Text:

The most common phenotype of <span class="disease">ALD</span> is the cerebral form ( 45 % ) that develops in boys between 5 - 12 yr .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Adrenomyeloneuropathy ( AMN ) involves the spinal cord and peripheral nerves in young adults ( 35 % ) . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">Adrenomyeloneuropathy</span> ( <span class="disease">AMN</span> ) involves the spinal cord and peripheral nerves in young adults ( 35 % ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Adrenal insufficiency ( Addisons disease ) is frequently associated with AMN or cerebral ALD and may remain the only clinical expression of ALD ( 8 % of cases ) . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">Adrenal insufficiency</span> ( <span class="disease">Addisons disease</span> ) is frequently associated with <span class="disease">AMN</span> or <span class="disease">cerebral ALD</span> and may remain the only clinical expression of <span class="disease">ALD</span> ( 8 % of cases ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The prevalence of ALD among adults with Addisons disease remains unknown . ### Output Text:

The prevalence of <span class="disease">ALD</span> among adults with <span class="disease">Addisons disease</span> remains unknown .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: To evaluate this prevalence , we performed biochemical analysis of very long chain fatty acids in 14 male patients ( age ranging from 12 - 45 yr at diagnosis ) previously diagnosed as having primary idiopathic adrenocortical insufficiency . ### Output Text:

To evaluate this prevalence , we performed biochemical analysis of very long chain fatty acids in 14 male patients ( age ranging from 12 - 45 yr at diagnosis ) previously diagnosed as having primary idiopathic <span class="disease">adrenocortical insufficiency</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: In 5 of 14 patients ( 35 % ) , elevated plasma concentrations of very long chain fatty acids were detected . ### Output Text:

In 5 of 14 patients ( 35 % ) , elevated plasma concentrations of very long chain fatty acids were detected .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: None of these patients had adrenocortical antibodies . ### Output Text:

None of these patients had adrenocortical antibodies .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: By electrophysiological tests and magnetic resonance imaging it was determined that two patients had cerebral ALD , one had adrenomyeloneuropathy with cerebral involvement , and two had preclinical AMN . ### Output Text:

By electrophysiological tests and magnetic resonance imaging it was determined that two patients had <span class="disease">cerebral ALD</span> , one had <span class="disease">adrenomyeloneuropathy</span> with cerebral involvement , and two had preclinical <span class="disease">AMN</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Our data support the hypothesis that ALD is a frequent cause of idiopathic Addisons disease in children and adults . . ### Output Text:

Our data support the hypothesis that <span class="disease">ALD</span> is a frequent cause of idiopathic <span class="disease">Addisons disease</span> in children and adults . .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Tumor suppression and apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma mediated by a genetic locus within human chromosome 10pter - q11 . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">Tumor</span> suppression and apoptosis of human <span class="disease">prostate carcinoma</span> mediated by a genetic locus within human chromosome 10pter - q11 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the United States . ### Output Text:

<span class="disease">Prostate cancer</span> is the second leading cause of male <span class="disease">cancer</span> deaths in the United States .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Yet , despite a large international effort , little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this devastating disease . ### Output Text:

Yet , despite a large international effort , little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this devastating disease .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Prostate secretory epithelial cells and androgen - dependent prostate carcinomas undergo apoptosis in response to androgen deprivation and , furthermore , most prostate carcinomas become androgen independent and refractory to further therapeutic manipulations during disease progression . ### Output Text:

Prostate secretory epithelial cells and androgen - dependent <span class="disease">prostate carcinomas</span> undergo apoptosis in response to androgen deprivation and , furthermore , most <span class="disease">prostate carcinomas</span> become androgen independent and refractory to further therapeutic manipulations during disease progression .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Definition of the genetic events that trigger apoptosis in the prostate could provide important insights into critical pathways in normal development as well as elucidate the perturbations of those key pathways in neoplastic transformation . ### Output Text:

Definition of the genetic events that trigger apoptosis in the prostate could provide important insights into critical pathways in normal development as well as elucidate the perturbations of those key pathways in neoplastic transformation .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: We report the functional definition of a novel genetic locus within human chromosome 10pter - q11 that mediates both in vivo tumor suppression and in vitro apoptosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma cells . ### Output Text:

We report the functional definition of a novel genetic locus within human chromosome 10pter - q11 that mediates both in vivo tumor suppression and in vitro apoptosis of <span class="disease">prostatic adenocarcinoma</span> cells .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: A defined fragment of human chromosome 10 was transferred via microcell fusion into a prostate adenocarcinoma cell line . ### Output Text:

A defined fragment of human chromosome 10 was transferred via microcell fusion into a <span class="disease">prostate adenocarcinoma</span> cell line .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Microcell hybrids containing only the region 10pter - q11 were suppressed for tumorigenicity following injection of microcell hybrids into nude mice . ### Output Text:

Microcell hybrids containing only the region 10pter - q11 were suppressed for tumorigenicity following injection of microcell hybrids into nude mice .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Furthermore , the complemented hybrids undergo programmed cell death in vitro via a mechanism that does not require nuclear localization of p53 . ### Output Text:

Furthermore , the complemented hybrids undergo programmed cell death in vitro via a mechanism that does not require nuclear localization of p53 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: These data functionally define a novel genetic locus , designated PAC1 , for prostate adenocarcinoma 1 , involved in tumor suppression of human prostate carcinoma and furthermore strongly suggest that the cell death pathway can be functionally restored in prostatic adenocarcinoma . . ### Output Text:

These data functionally define a novel genetic locus , designated PAC1 , for prostate adenocarcinoma 1 , involved in tumor suppression of human <span class="disease">prostate carcinoma</span> and furthermore strongly suggest that the cell death pathway can be functionally restored in <span class="disease">prostatic adenocarcinoma</span> . .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Low incidence of BRCA2 mutations in breast carcinoma and other cancers . ### Output Text:

Low incidence of BRCA2 mutations in <span class="disease">breast carcinoma</span> and other <span class="disease">cancers</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Inherited mutant alleles of familial tumour suppressor genes predispose individuals to particular types of cancer . ### Output Text:

Inherited mutant alleles of familial <span class="disease">tumour</span> suppressor genes predispose individuals to particular types of <span class="disease">cancer</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: In addition to an involvement in inherited susceptibility to cancer , these tumour suppressor genes are targets for somatic mutations in sporadic cancers of the same type found in the familial forms . ### Output Text:

In addition to an involvement in inherited susceptibility to <span class="disease">cancer</span> , these <span class="disease">tumour</span> suppressor genes are targets for somatic mutations in <span class="disease">sporadic cancers</span> of the same type found in the familial forms .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: An exception is BRCA1 , which contributes to a significant fraction of familial breast and ovarian cancer , but undergoes mutation at very low rates in sporadic breast and ovarian cancers . ### Output Text:

An exception is BRCA1 , which contributes to a significant fraction of <span class="disease">familial breast and ovarian cancer</span> , but undergoes mutation at very low rates in <span class="disease">sporadic breast and ovarian cancers</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: This finding suggests that other genes may be the principal targets for somatic mutation in breast carcinoma . ### Output Text:

This finding suggests that other genes may be the principal targets for somatic mutation in <span class="disease">breast carcinoma</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: A second , recently identified familial breast cancer gene , BRCA2 ( refs 5 - 8 ) , accounts for a proportion of breast cancer roughly equal to BRCA1 . ### Output Text:

A second , recently identified <span class="disease">familial breast cancer</span> gene , BRCA2 ( refs 5 - 8 ) , accounts for a proportion of <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> roughly equal to BRCA1 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Like BRCA1 , BRCA2 behaves as a dominantly inherited tumour suppressor gene . ### Output Text:

Like BRCA1 , BRCA2 behaves as a dominantly inherited <span class="disease">tumour</span> suppressor gene .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Individuals who inherit one mutant allele are at increased risk for breast cancer , and the tumours they develop lose the wild - type allele by heterozygous deletion . ### Output Text:

Individuals who inherit one mutant allele are at increased risk for <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> , and the <span class="disease">tumours</span> they develop lose the wild - type allele by heterozygous deletion .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The BRCA2 coding sequence is huge , composed of 26 exons that span 10 , 443 bp . ### Output Text:

The BRCA2 coding sequence is huge , composed of 26 exons that span 10 , 443 bp .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Here we investigate the rate of BRCA2 mutation in sporadic breast cancers and in a set of cell lines that represent twelve other tumour types . ### Output Text:

Here we investigate the rate of BRCA2 mutation in <span class="disease">sporadic breast cancers</span> and in a set of cell lines that represent twelve other <span class="disease">tumour</span> types .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Surprisingly , mutations in BRCA2 are infrequent in cancers including breast carcinoma . ### Output Text:

Surprisingly , mutations in BRCA2 are infrequent in <span class="disease">cancers</span> including <span class="disease">breast carcinoma</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: However , a probable germline mutation in a pancreatic tumour cell line suggests a role for BRCA2 in susceptibility to pancreatic cancer . . ### Output Text:

However , a probable germline mutation in a <span class="disease">pancreatic tumour</span> cell line suggests a role for BRCA2 in susceptibility to <span class="disease">pancreatic cancer</span> . .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Founding BRCA1 mutations in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in southern Sweden . ### Output Text:

Founding BRCA1 mutations in <span class="disease">hereditary breast and ovarian cancer</span> in southern Sweden .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Nine different germ - line mutations in the BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene were identified in 15 of 47 kindreds from southern Sweden , by use of SSCP and heteroduplex analysis of all exons and flanking intron region and by a protein - truncation test for exon 11 , followed by direct sequencing . ### Output Text:

Nine different germ - line mutations in the BRCA1 <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> susceptibility gene were identified in 15 of 47 kindreds from southern Sweden , by use of SSCP and heteroduplex analysis of all exons and flanking intron region and by a protein - truncation test for exon 11 , followed by direct sequencing .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: All but one of the mutations are predicted to give rise to premature translation termination and include seven frameshift insertions or deletions , a nonsense mutation , and a splice acceptor site mutation . ### Output Text:

All but one of the mutations are predicted to give rise to premature translation termination and include seven frameshift insertions or deletions , a nonsense mutation , and a splice acceptor site mutation .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: The remaining mutation is a missense mutation ( Cys61Gly ) in the zinc - binding motif . ### Output Text:

The remaining mutation is a missense mutation ( Cys61Gly ) in the zinc - binding motif .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease. ### Input Text: Four novel Swedish founding mutations were identified the nucleotide 2595 deletion A was found in five families , the C 1806 T nonsense mutation in three families , the 3166 insertion TGAGA in three families , and the nucleotide 1201 deletion 11 in two families . ### Output Text:

Four novel Swedish founding mutations were identified the nucleotide 2595 deletion A was found in five families , the C 1806 T nonsense mutation in three families , the 3166 insertion TGAGA in three families , and the nucleotide 1201 deletion 11 in two families .