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beliefs that are less confident than full belief, e.g. partial beliefs.

confidence attitudes towards the truth of propositions, e.g. credences.

doxastic attitudes held for the benefit of a friend against the agent’s available evidence, e.g. doxastic partiality.

arrow of time

concept that time has a specific direction, often associated with the increase of entropy according to the second law of thermodynamics.

time

materialism

the doctrine that only physical entities exist

an excessive desire for possessions

equivocation

the fallacy of using a word in two different senses in an argument

a mistake made in speech

disciplinary power

foucalt's terms for power used to control bodies of individuals and their capacities

powerful quality

causal theory of reference

a view that says it is impossible to speak about something unless there has been causal contact between the speaker and the object being spoken about

causing people to theorize about reference

humean mosaic

the view that the world is constituted by independent entities among which there are no necessary connection

mosaic law

credal

relating to confidence

justification

interpersonal blame

moral blame

blame between persons

vitalism

life-force doctrine

vital statistics

neural correlates of consciousness

minimal neural mechanisms needed to experience any given experience

correspondence theory of truth

observational term

reference to observable entities

theoretical term

zermelo–fraenkel set theory

set theory free of russell's paradoxes

russell's paradox

bohmian mechanics

the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics

car mechanics from the city of bohm

language games

simple examples of language use and the actions into which the language is woven

scrabble, hangman, telephone

dialectical materialism

a method of understanding the natural world that inverses hegel's dialectic of opposing ideas and instead pits material forces against one another

historical materialism

same cardinality

equinumerous

same parish

socrates

plato's teacher

the first philosopher

conjunction

the relation denoted by the operator “and”

disjunction

objective existence

mind-independent existence

intersubjective agreement

cosmological argument

cosmological proof that proves the existence of god

an argument that god created cosmos

in principle, according to plato, this is the best form of constitution

aristocracy

democracy

you should not say something unless you know it

knowledge rule of assertion

you should not say shit about your fellows

utilitarian

benthamite

useful

epistemic ideals

states of affairs in which one is perfectly rational but which are not realistic

the epistemology of ideals

public affairs

res publica

commonwealth

response-dependent properties

properties that depend on one's response in normal conditions

properties that depend on responses from another property

essential properties

attributes possessed by a thing in all possible worlds

essentially ordered series

quasi-realism

a form of metaethical expressivism

the view that a phenomenon is half real

essence

a necessary property of an object that is necessarily unique to that object

function

life

fight against entropy

biology

patriarchy

sexist domination of women by men

patrilineal

externalism of meaning

anti-individualism of meaning

external

libertarianism

incompatibilism with free will

personal liberty

fatalism is incompatible with free will

inevitability is incompatible with free will

deterministic cause and effect is incompatible with free will

nash's theorem

in any finite game, there exists at least one equilibrium where no player can benefit by unilaterally changing their strategy

gödel's incompleteness theorems

claim

assert

propose

there are no possible worlds where two plus two equals five

it is impossible that two plus two equals five

there are no parallel worlds where two plus two equals five

continental is a tradition of philosophy

analytical is another tradition of philosophy

continents

promises, excuses, vows, and the like

speech acts

polite communication

a variable that is not bound

a free variable

an element that is not hog-tied

begs the question

assumes what is to be proved

wants to know why

bayesian updating

changing credences based on incoming evidence

bayes changing

moralism

ethicism

goodness

assent

an epistemological attitude in which someone accepts a proposition

favorable vote

alchemy

making lead into gold

nuclear science

grounding

explanation

causality

flrw spacetime

robertson-walker spacetime

fried-lambda-rho-walker spacetime

soundness

everything provable is true in all models

loud

social contract theory

legitimate government based on consent of the governed

divine right of kings

metaphysical grounding

metaphysical dependence

belonging

cartesian dualism

substance causal interactive dualism

property dualism

what is it like to be a bat?

thomas nagel's famous paper on subjective experience

what is it like to be a rat?

indexical

an expression with a context-dependent reference

resembling the index finger

social epistemology

the study of knowledge in social situations

friendly epistemology

hyper-intensionality

distinguishing between necessary equivalents

over-excited intensionality

mathematics are entirely said by: there are things and things are made of things

this fact is still unknown by mathematicians

this fact is phenomenologically and philosophically of high importance

cartesian dualism

substance dualism

ethical dualism

this logic is weak.

this logic has few implications.

this logic cannot lift heavy things.

intentionality

aboutness

purposefulness

law of non-contradiction

there cannot be true contradictions

the legal statute that no one should contradict the president

continuously differentiable

having continuous derivative

continuous and differentiable

object-given reasons

considerations that are connected to the properties of the object in question

the reasons that are directly given by the object

bullshit

making assertions without regard to whether they are true or false

making assertions one knows to be false

happiness

eudaimonia

pleasure

memory criterion

the notion of memory being a condition for personal identity

cognitive faculties

what is justice?

what is the definition of justice?

what is just?

repugnant conclusion

many lives barely worth living are better than a few excellent lives

deplorable conclusion

descartes' doubts on human experience

descartes' methodological skepticism

descartes' skepticism

number is a concept

number is abstract

number is another name for multiple

welfarism

the view that all and only well-being has non-instrumental value.

welfare

common truth and truth of being are the two human truths

logos is the discourse of common truth

given a discourse, if only some people understand it then this discourse emanates from the truth of being

aristotelian perfectionism

development of man's nature as far as he is able

a flawless version of morality

difference principle

social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged

subtraction

compose an object

make up an object

write a composition

nominalism

a metaphysical view that rejects universals or abstract objects

an economic theory about nominal value

belief

thought

god

representation

appearances

on behalf of

temporal finitism

infinite pasts are impossible

the view that time must come to an end

connexive logic

a non-classical logic that maintains a connection between antecedent and consequent even when both are false

connectionism

expressivism

all moral statements aren't truth apt and express attitudes

some moral statements are true and express attitudes

possible

true at a possible world

likely

abstract is the reverse of concrete

something cannot be both abstract and concrete

ordinal sets are abstract, numbers are concrete, although ordinal set and number are the same thing

without living gaze there is nothing

the living gaze determines things among physis

the goal of things determination among physis is: find what is vital

the lockean thesis

the thesis that belief is reducible to a high degree of credence

the thesis that resembles john locke

negative liberty

freedom from interference

negative feedback

levy flight

randomized optimal foraging

airline

teleological theories of mental content

theories where the contents of mental representations depend on functions, such as the functions of the systems that use or produce them

theories according to which mental content is teleological

beauty

aesthetic value

appearance

nothingness is at work

the result of this work is physis

within physis human beings continue this work by the mean of science

kripkenstein

kripke's reading of wittgenstein

a scary monster similar to frankenstein's monster that goes by the name of kripkenstein

coherence

structural rationality

understanding

dualistic substantivalism

spacetime is a substance, and spacetime regions are distinct from their contents

bradley's monism about relations and substances

substances

individuals

drugs

tautology

a priori truth

empirical fact

active invariance

preserving solution-hood without changing coordinate systems

passive invariance

the principle of organic unities

the value of a whole is not equal to the sum of the values of its parts.

holism

logical equivalence

the statements that have the same truth values under all possible interpretations

tautology

hypothetical

conditional

not actual