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When should I take a medication? | Knowing when to take a medication requires understanding what kind of medication it is, who is taking it, and what kinds of pre-existing conditions they have that may interact with the medication. Therefore, in this case it is best to consult with your doctor. | general_qa |
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Give me a list of Germany's five most recent chancellors, along with the years they were in office. | Here are the five most recent chancellors of Germany:
1. Olaf Scholz (2021 - present)
2. Angela Merkel (2005 - 2021)
3. Gerhard Schröder (1998 - 2005)
4. Helmut Kohl (1982 - 1998)
5. Helmut Kohl (1974 - 1982) | brainstorming |
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Kingsway in India was made in the honour of | George V the Emperor of India | open_qa |
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Who is Scarlett Johansson | Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (/dʒoʊˈhænsən/; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. | Scarlett Ingrid Johansson, born November 22, 1984, is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. | summarization |
Tell me if these are foods that need to be refrigerated, frozen or neither: ice cream, popsicles, butter, popcorn, yogurt, cereal, chips | ice cream: frozen, popsicles: frozen, butter: refrigerated, popcorn: neither, yogurt: refrigerated, cereal: neither, chips: neither | classification |
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Who is Lord Voldemort? | Lord Voldemort is a sobriquet for Tom Marvolo Riddle, a character and the main antagonist in J. K. Rowling's series of Harry Potter novels. The character first appeared in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, which was published in 1997, and returned either in person or in flashbacks in each book and its film adaptation in the series except the third, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, in which he is only mentioned.
Voldemort is the archenemy of Harry Potter, who according to a prophecy has "the power to vanquish the Dark Lord". He attempts to murder the boy, but instead kills his parents, Lily and James Potter, and leaves Harry with a scar on his forehead in the shape of a lightning bolt. Nearly every witch or wizard dares not utter his name and refers to him instead with such monikers as "You-Know-Who", "He Who Must Not Be Named", or "the Dark Lord". Voldemort's obsession with blood purity signifies his aim to rid the wizarding world of Muggle (non-magical) heritage and to conquer both worlds, Muggle and wizarding, to achieve pure-blood dominance. Through his mother's family, he is the last descendant of the wizard Salazar Slytherin, one of the four founders of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. He is the leader of the Death Eaters, a group of evil wizards and witches dedicated to ridding the Wizarding World of Muggles and establishing Voldemort as its supreme ruler. | general_qa |
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Write a convincing argument about why cats are better than dogs | Cats are better than dogs because they are independent pets that don't require intensive care, so they are well suited for the lifestyle of someone who works in an office or likes to be able to go out on the weekends, as they can be left alone for longer periods of time than dogs. Cats can also be housebroken very easily, and don't need to be let outside to use the bathroom, unlike dogs which require more frequent walks. Cats are especially well suited to small apartments or homes, as they don't take up as much space as dogs. Finally, cats are much softer and more fun to pet than dogs, and don't require frequent bathing as they keep themselves clean. | creative_writing |
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Given this paragraph about blockchain, how did blockchain influence bitcoin cryptocurrency? | Blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer (P2P) computer network for use as a public distributed ledger, where nodes collectively adhere to a consensus algorithm protocol to add and validate new transaction blocks. Although blockchain records are not unalterable, since blockchain forks are possible, blockchains may be considered secure by design and exemplify a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. A blockchain was created by a person (or group of people) using the name (or pseudonym) Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 to serve as the public distributed ledger for bitcoin cryptocurrency transactions, based on previous work by Stuart Haber, W. Scott Stornetta, and Dave Bayer. The implementation of the blockchain within bitcoin made it the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. The bitcoin design has inspired other applications and blockchains that are readable by the public and are widely used by cryptocurrencies. The blockchain may be considered a type of payment rail. | Blockchain is the technology that enables the existence of cryptocurrency and bitcoin is the name of the best-known cryptocurrency. The implementation of bitcoin using blockchain made it the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. Bitcoin has inspired other applications and blockchains that are highly available, public, and are widely used by cryptocurrencies. | closed_qa |
Classify each as being used on water or land: jet ski, boat, car, bike, kayak, skateboard | Jet Ski: Water
Boat: Water
Car: Land
Bike: Land
Kayak: Water
Skateboard: Land | classification |
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Create a 5 day itinerary for a trip to Japan. Include visits to famous locations in Japan, and include a day-by-day breakdown of some activities to do and sites to visit. | Day 1: Arrive at Osaka, in the center of Japan's main Honshu island, and home to a bustling nightlife and many food options. In the morning, visit Osaka castle in the heart of the city, to experience the history of Japan's Edo period. In the afternoon, you can visit either Osaka aquarium Kaiyukan, once the largest aquarium in the world, or get tickets to go to Universal Studios Osaka, which has many themed attractions. At night, pay a visit to Dotonbori, Osaka's famous food alley with a variety of small bites and restaurants.
Day 2: Visit Kyoto, Japan's cultural center and former capital. In the morning, visit the Fushimi Inari-taisha shrine, famous worldwide for its orange gates and trail that span almost 4 km. After the visit, explore the old town at the base of the shrine, and head over to Kiyomizu-dera, a famous Buddhist temple which offers stunning views and historical artifacts. In the afternoon and evening, pay a visit to downtown Kyoto, home to department stores and small yet delicious small restaurants.
Day 3: Visit Hakone, a famed destination for its hot springs, Mt. Fuji views, and beautiful scenery. Spend some time to visit Lake Ashinoko to see a floating torii gate and expansive views of Mt. Fuji, Japan's tallest peak, visit the sulphur springs where the sulphur cooks chicken eggs so that they become black, then relax in the many hot springs around the region. Hakone is also known for its many ryokans, which are Japanese-style bed and breakfast inns often paired with hot spring onsens.
Day 4-5: Spend the last two days in Tokyo, the heart of Japan and the most populated metropolitan area in the world. Tokyo offers many destinations, including the nightlife-heavy districts of Shinjuku and Roppongi, the shopping and fashion centers of Ginza and Harajuku, to the quirky and anime-filled area of Akihabara. Some famous attractions to hit in the city include the Senso-ji temple, Ueno park, Tokyo Skytree, Shibuya crossing, Tsukiji market, and the Imperial Palace. | creative_writing |
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What should I eat for dinner? | It depends on your dietary preferences. If you are vegetarian, I suggest a meal with vegetables, such as grilled zucchini, onions, and bell peppers. You can add protein to this meal by sautéing tofu or tempeh in teriyaki sauce, or enjoy some red lentils on the side. To add carbohydrates to the dish, you can eat pasta, rice, or potatoes. If you are a carnivore, perhaps you might enjoy a steak or chicken dinner with a side or asparagus and a baked potato that has a knob of butter on top! Other common dinner options include pasta, burgers, quesadillas, poke bowls, sushi, Mediterranean kebabs, falafel sandwiches, soup, etc. | general_qa |
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What is seek speed in HDFS and why is it no longer going to be important? | Seek speed is the speed i.e. rpm (revolutions per minute) a magnetic drive or an optical reader rotates to read the data from those HDDs Hard Drive Disks; This speed is dependent on the motor's rotation speed which directly impacts reading and writing of data into these devices. The speed of the motor is limited as it is powered by 12V capacity and also should not drain the battery if they are in the laptops. However, more and more newer age laptops and devices are now using SSDs Solid State Drives which are not only faster because the speed is not dependent on the revolving motor and also does not drain your laptops battery charge. This allowed the laptops to be less bulkier/heavier and reduce the overall battery size to make it a little lighter. | brainstorming |
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Write down some important aspects regarding civil war from the given text | A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. The term is a calque of Latin bellum civile which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. | 1. An intrastate or civil war is a conflict between organised parties fighting within a single state. (or country).
2. One side may want to overthrow the government, seize control of an area, secure the independence of a region, or alter public policy.
3. The phrase is a calque of the Latin phrase bellum civile, which was used to describe the numerous civil wars that raged throughout the Roman Republic in the first century BC. | summarization |
Which one of these does not belong - Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto, Mercury | Pluto is the odd one out in this list of celestial bodies as it is no longer considered a planet. Pluto was classified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
To be considered a planet, a celestial body needs to meet 3 conditions :
1. It has to be in orbit around the Sun,
2. It needs to have sufficient mass for its self-gravity to form a nearly round shape
3. It must be big enough to clear its neighborhood of any similarly sized objects around its orbit.
Pluto failed to meet the 3rd criteria as there are other similarly sized objects in the Kuiper belt. | classification |
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From the passage provided, extract the languages in which Kishore Kumar provided his vocals as a playback singer. Separate them with a comma. | Kishore Kumar (born Abhas Kumar Ganguly; pronunciation (help·info); 4 August 1929 – 13 October 1987) was an Indian playback singer and actor. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest, most influential and dynamic singers in the history of Indian music. He was one of the most popular singers in the Indian subcontinent, notable for his yodeling and ability to sing songs in different voices. He used to sing in different genres but some of his rare compositions, considered classics, were lost in time. According to his brother and legendary actor Ashok Kumar, Kishore Kumar was successful as a singer because his "voice hits the mike, straight, at its most sensitive point".
Besides Hindi, he sang in many other Indian languages, including Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Kannada, Bhojpuri, Malayalam, Odia and Urdu. He also released a few non-film albums in multiple languages, especially in Bengali, which are noted as all-time classics.
He won 8 Filmfare Awards for Best Male Playback Singer and holds the record for winning the most Filmfare Awards in that category. He was awarded the Lata Mangeshkar Award by the Madhya Pradesh government in 1985. | Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Kannada, Bhojpuri, Malayalam, Odia, Urdu | information_extraction |
What is salvation in christianity? | In Christianity, salvation (also called deliverance or redemption) is the "saving human beings from sin and its consequences, which include death and separation from God" by Christ's death and resurrection, and the justification following this salvation.
While the idea of Jesus' death as an atonement for human sin was recorded in the Christian Bible, and was elaborated in Paul's epistles and in the Gospels, Paul saw the faithful redeemed by participation in Jesus' death and rising. Early Christians regarded themselves as partaking in a new covenant with God, open to both Jews and Gentiles, through the sacrificial death and subsequent exaltation of Jesus Christ. Early Christian notions of the person and sacrificial role of Jesus in human salvation were further elaborated by the Church Fathers, medieval writers and modern scholars in various atonement theories, such as the ransom theory, Christus Victor theory, recapitulation theory, satisfaction theory, penal substitution theory and moral influence theory.
Variant views on salvation (soteriology) are among the main fault lines dividing the various Christian denominations, including conflicting definitions of sin and depravity (the sinful nature of mankind), justification (God's means of removing the consequences of sin), and atonement (the forgiving or pardoning of sin through the suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus). | Salvation in christianity is the redemption of human beings from the consequences of their sins through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Jesus's death is counted as the payment for the sin of all mankind, as recorded by Paul in his letters. This salvation is open to everyone, not just the jews. Anyone who believes that Jesus died for their sins and rose again receives the salvation that God has to offer. | summarization |
Classify these emotions as positive or negative: Love, Joy, Awe, Happiness, Interest, Excitement, Sad, Fear, Distrust, Anxiety, Anger, Disgust, Trust, Apathy, Annoyance, Exuberance, Rage | Positive: Love, Joy, Awe, Happiness, Interest, Excitement, Trust, Exuberance
Negative: Sad, Fear, Distrust, Anxiety, Anger, Disgust, Apathy, Annoyance, Rage | classification |
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What was Lieutenant Columbo's catch phrase on his TV show? | Columbo frequently said "just one more thing" in episodes of the show. | open_qa |
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Are all types of salt the same? | No, definitely not. There are varying sized grains or crystals of salt, various production methods, different colors, and potentially different additives. For example, a fine-grained iodized salt is highly processed with additives, while a finishing salt may be very unprocessed natural crystals harvested directly from sea water. | general_qa |
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How large is the Gull Harbour and where exactly is it located | Gull Harbour (former names States Harbour, Great Harbour) is the 1.3 km wide bay indenting for 2.8 km the east coast of Weddell Island in the Falkland Islands. It is entered north of Gull Point and south of Mark Point, and is centred at 51°53′56″S 60°53′20″WCoordinates: 51°53′56″S 60°53′20″W. The principal settlement of the island, Weddell Settlement, is situated at the head of the bay. Until the mid-nineteenth century Gull Harbour was known as Great Harbour. | Gull Harbour, that has been formerly named as States Harbour or Great Harbour is the 1.3 km wide bay indenting for 2.8 km the east coast of Weddell Island in the Falkland Islands.
It is entered north of Gull Point and south of Mark Point, and is centred at 51°53′56″S 60°53′20″W. The principal settlement of the island, Weddell Settlement, is situated at the head of the bay. Until the mid-nineteenth century Gull Harbour was known as Great Harbour. | closed_qa |
Choose the word which is different from the rest: Raid, Attack, Assault, Defence, Ambush | All except Defence are forms of attack. | classification |
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Which dog is the hero of the 1925 serum rum to Nome, Alaska? | While Balto is the most popular and well-known dog of the serum run, also called the Great Race of Mercy, it was actually another dog named Togo whose team covered the most miles on the dangerous trail. Balto was the lead dog of Gunnar Kaasen's dog sled team, who covered the last 55 miles of the race relay. Togo, the lead dog of Leonhard Seppala's team, covered the previous 261 miles of their relay segment which was in much harsher and dangerous territory. Balto has received much more attention and glory for his participation. | open_qa |
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Categorize the following as do's and don'ts when opening a new bank account:
research bank options
find the cheapest option
know what kinds of accounts they offer
know interest rates
understand discounts
open as many accounts as you can
talk to an advisor
go by hearsay | Do's:
research bank options
know what kinds of accounts they offer
know interest rates
understand discounts
talk to an advisor
Dont's:
find the cheapest option
open as many accounts as you can
go by hearsay | classification |
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What is the most famous 'Running of the Bulls' event? | A running of the bulls (Spanish: encierro, from the verb encerrar, 'to corral, to enclose'; Occitan: abrivado, literally 'haste, momentum'; Catalan: correbous, 'run-bulls') is an event that involves running in front of a small group of bulls, typically six but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on sectioned-off streets in a town, usually as part of a summertime festival. Particular breeds of cattle may be favored, such as the toro bravo in Spain, also often used in post-run bullfighting, and Camargue cattle in Occitan France, which are not fought. Bulls (non-castrated male cattle) are typically used in such events.
The most famous bull-run is the encierro held in Pamplona during the nine-day festival of Sanfermines in honor of Saint Fermin. It has become a major global tourism event, today very different from the traditional, local festival. More traditional summer bull-runs are held in other places such as towns and villages across Spain and Portugal, in some cities in Mexico, and in the Occitan (Camargue) region of southern France. Bull-running was formerly also practiced in rural England, most famously at Stamford until 1837. | The most famous 'Running of the Bulls' event is held annually in Pamplona Spain during the nine-day festival of Sanfermines in honor of Saint Fermin. | information_extraction |
Why do you love to work hard | It will keep you stay focus, make you productive and lead you to success | brainstorming |
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are GSIs important to being a global company | yes | open_qa |
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Give me a list of things to do in Washington, DC | Go see the White House, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, and some of the other great landmarks. If that doesn't interest you, you can head anywhere on U-street for some great food. | brainstorming |
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How does the Stock Market work? | The stock market helps companies raise money to fund operations by selling shares of stock, and it creates and sustains wealth for individual investors.
Companies raise money on the stock market by selling ownership stakes to investors. These equity stakes are known as shares of stock. By listing shares for sale on the stock exchanges that make up the stock market, companies get access to the capital they need to operate and expand their businesses without having to take on debt. In exchange for the privilege of selling stock to the public, companies are required to disclose information and give shareholders a say in how their businesses are run.
Investors benefit by exchanging their money for shares on the stock market. As companies put that money to work growing and expanding their businesses, investors reap the benefits as their shares of stock become more valuable over time, leading to capital gains. In addition, companies pay dividends to their shareholders as their profits grow.
The performances of individual stocks vary widely over time, but taken as a whole the stock market has historically rewarded investors with average annual returns of around 10%, making it one of the most reliable ways of growing your money. | open_qa |
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How do you install a wooden fence? | First, you would start by plotting out the line of the fence around your yard. You would want to make sure that you are not imposing on your neighbors yard, so it is always smart to get a survey done by the local government as well. When you are ready to start installing your fence, you would Dig holes using a post digger at intervals between 3 to 5 feet wide. He would then pour concrete into the holes and put the fence posts in the holes. After the posts are installed, and the concrete is dried, you would nail the wooden planks between the posts to make your fence. When you’re all done, it’s always nice to enjoy a cold beer if you are above the legal limit. | general_qa |
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Rewrite the following sentence in terms of horses, rather than dogs: "The adjective form of dog is canine." | The adjective form of horse is equine. | general_qa |
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Which is the best place to Kayak in Austin? | Lady Bird Lake in Austin downtown is revered to be the best place to go Kayaking. Paddlers can choose to head west from the Rowing Dock to take in nature views. But a small paddle down the river to the east will greet paddlers to magnificent downtown skyline views. | open_qa |
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Tell me whether each company is based inside or outside of the USA: Uber, Grab, Samsung, Meituan, Exxon, Amazon, Roche | Uber: Inside USA
Grab: Outside USA
Samsung: Outside USA
Meituan: Outside USA
Exxon: Inside USA
Amazon: Inside USA
Roche: Outside USA | classification |
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Provide a table of the various recruiting lists that Calvin Johnson was named to and who named him to the list and do it in CSV format | Johnson was rated among the nation's top 10 wide receivers and top 100 players by virtually every recruiting analyst. He was tabbed the No. 4 wide receiver and No. 15 player in the nation by TheInsiders.com, and named to the Super Southern 100 by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the Rivals 100 by Rivals.com, TheInsiders.com Hot 100, the SuperPrep All-America 275, and the Prep Star Top 100 Dream Team.
Johnson was also rated as the best player in Georgia, No. 12 in the Southeast and No. 37 in the nation by Rivals.com, the No. 7 wide receiver in the nation by SuperPrep, and first-team all-state selection (Class AAAA) by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Finally, he was tabbed to the AJC's preseason Super 11. By the time he was a junior, he was ranked as within the top 10 wide receivers and the top 100 players in the nation by almost every writer. | Sure, here is text in a CSV format of the various recruiting lists that Calvin Johnson was named to and who named him to the list:
List name,List owner
Super Southern 100,Atlanta Journal-Constitution
the Rivals 100,Rivals.com
TheInsiders.com Hot 100,TheInsiders.com
the SuperPrep All-America 275,SuperPrep
Prep Star Top 100 Dream Team,Prep Star | information_extraction |
Which animal is the most faster? | The fastest animal on land is the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), capable of reaching speeds of up to 70 miles per hour (112 kilometers per hour) over short distances. They achieve these impressive speeds through their slender build, flexible spine, and long legs, which allow them to take long strides and cover a lot of ground with each stride.
However, if we consider all animals, including those that fly or swim, the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is the fastest animal in the world. It can reach speeds of up to 240 miles per hour (386 kilometers per hour) during a hunting dive known as a stoop, making it the fastest animal in the world overall.
It's worth noting that different animals have different ways of measuring their speed, and some species are faster in certain situations than in others. However, in terms of pure top speed, the cheetah and peregrine falcon are among the fastest animals on the planet. | general_qa |
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Where were the sunspots first observed? | Galileo Galilei, Father of observational astronomy | open_qa |
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What is the difference between a day on Earth and Mars? | A day on mars is called a Sol whose name is borrowed from the Latin word for Sun. Compared to a day on Earth, a sol is slightly longer at 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35 seconds which is equivalent to 1.0275 Earth days. Spacecraft that have landed on Mars conventionally use a 24 hour Mars clock where the hours, minutes, and seconds are 2.75% longer than the standard Earth durations. | open_qa |
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Who do you think is the most powerful Mandalorian in Star Wars history? | It would have be Te Ani'la Mand'alor, or also called Mandalore the Ultimate. | open_qa |
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What is VCF? | Variant Call Format (VCF) is a file format used for storing and transferring genetic data. It is used for storing and comparing genetic data, and for representing genetic variants. VCF is a binary format that stores genetic data, including sequence data, variant data, and annotation data. | open_qa |
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Name three movies with Denzel Washington. | Three movies with Denzel Washington are Remember the Titans, Flight, and The Book of Eli. | open_qa |
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What is the first evidence of a boomerang? | Earliest evidence of the boomerang in Australia was about 20,000 years ago. | open_qa |
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What are the applications of game theory in NBA basketball? | Game theory studies the strategic interaction of rationale agents. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the world's premier basketball league, which includes 30 teams across the United States and Canada. An example of game theory in the NBA is the "modern NBA", in which teams play stretch 4s (Power Forwards) and 5s (Centers) who can dribble, pass and shoot rather than simply rebound and dunk. This becomes the "strictly dominate" strategy as this allows the "modern" NBA team to shoot a higher volume of 3 pointers, which has a higher expected value per shot (40 Field Goal % times 3 = 1.2) than 2 pointers (50 Field Goal % times 2 = 1). The Golden State Warriors championship run in the 2010s with Kevin Durant and Draymond Green is a great example of this coaching and player construction strategy. Now nearly all NBA teams employ this strategy, so it is less effective (A Nash (Not Steve Nash!) Equilibrium). | general_qa |
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Healthy choice for kids or unhealthy: French Fries, Banana, Candy, Vegetables | Fruits like Banana and Vegetables are healthy choices for kids. They love fried food and sweets. These should be consumed moderately. French Fries and Candy are unhealthy choices. | classification |
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Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Pedal Harp, Baritone Saxophone | Pedal Harp is string, Baritone Saxophone is woodwind. | classification |
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Tell me whether these are names of basketball teams or baseball teams: Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Angels, Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Clippers, San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, Miami Heat, Boston Celtics | Los Angeles Lakers - NBA basketball team
Los Angeles Angels - MLB baseball team
Los Angeles Dodgers - MLB baseball team
Los Angeles Clippers - NBA basketball team
San Diego Padres - MLB baseball team
New York Yankees - MLB baseball team
Miami Heat - NBA basketball team
Boston Celtics - NBA basketball team | classification |
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What season does Easter happen during? | Easter is a Spring holiday | open_qa |
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Where is Urumqi? | It's in the in the far northwest of China. | open_qa |
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What was Skippy ( on TV ) | The bush kangaroo | open_qa |
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Think of 3 shades of dark red that I could use to describe a rug | Rugs could be described as maroon, mahogany or scarlet | brainstorming |
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What is Sarisariñama? | Cerro Sarisariñama is a tepui, a flat-topped mountain in Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park at the far south-west of Bolívar State, Venezuela, near the border with Brazil. Its altitude range is between 300 m (980 ft) and 2,350 m (7,710 ft). The name of the mountain originates from the tale of local Ye'kuana Indians about an evil spirit living in caves up in the mountain and devouring human flesh with a sound "Sari... sari...". | Cerro Sarisariñama is a tepui, a flat-topped mountain in Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park at the far south-west of Bolívar State, Venezuela, near the border with Brazil. Its altitude range is between 300 m (980 ft) and 2,350 m (7,710 ft). The name of the mountain originates from the tale of local Ye'kuana Indians about an evil spirit living in caves up in the mountain and devouring human flesh with a sound "Sari... sari...".
The tepui is in one of the most remote areas in the country, with the closest road being 35 miles to the northeast.[citation needed] | information_extraction |
What is a snowman? | A snowman is a replica of a human made from snow, typically by stacking three large balls of snow on top of each other. The top ball represents the head, the middle ball is the body and the lower ball are the lower extremities of the snowman. Often, a snowman will have sticks for arms and a carrot for a nose. | open_qa |
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What are the benefits of building a DIY home build off grid? | Some of the benefits could be: no local government permits or governance, no state or local government infrastructure bills, reduction of taxes, self sustainability for water, electricity, & support services, privacy, disconnecting from social media, reducing your monthly and yearly operational expenses, getting in touch with nature, reducing clutter in your life and a refocusing on bare essentials for living. | general_qa |
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Who are Industrial Light and Magic? | Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is an American motion picture visual effects company that was founded on May 26, 1975 by George Lucas. It is a division of the film production company Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded, and was created when he began production on the original Star Wars, now the fourth episode of the Skywalker Saga.
ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then later moved to San Rafael in 1978, and since 2005 it has been based at the Letterman Digital Arts Center in the Presidio of San Francisco. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm. | Industrial Light and Magic are one of the biggest and most innovative VFX (Visual Effects) and CGI (Computer generated imagery) firms. The company was started by George Lucas.and was acquired by Disney. They have contributed Visual special effects for over 300 films including the Star Wars series, Indiana Jones series and the Jurassic Park series. | closed_qa |
Why do so many people live along coastlines? | For early civilizations, the ocean was a great natural resource as it provided a stable food source. In addition, temperature differences are much more mild near the ocean compared to temperatures in the same region but farther inland. This more predictable weather made survival through hot summer days and cold winter nights easier. Also, as trade and travel became more practical as technology improved, traveling to new places via boat was also a priority for these civilizations. As this coastal towns saw more trade and commerce, these people began to move to these towns for more opportunity. | general_qa |
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How can I help a homeless person? | There are lots of ways you can help a homeless person. Immediate help can be provided by giving them food and water and other essential items such as soap, shampoo, a toothbrush and toothpaste. Longer term solutions include giving money to a local food bank throughout the year. | brainstorming |
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Given a reference text about the IBJJF, provide two tournaments organized by IBJJ and the ruleset used by these tournaments. | The International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF) is a for-profit company that hosts several of the biggest Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) tournaments in the world, including the World Jiu-Jitsu Championship, World No-Gi Championship, Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship, and European Open Jiu-Jitsu Championship. The federation was created by Carlos Gracie, Jr., who is the head of one of the largest Brazilian jiu-jitsu associations, Gracie Barra. The IBJJF uses the ruleset of the Confederação Brasileira de Jiu-Jitsu (CBJJ). On October 11, 2020, the IBJJF announced that they will begin to allow both heel hooks and knee-reaping for all brown and black belts competing in no-gi tournaments, starting on an undisclosed date in 2021. | World No-Gi Championship and Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship are two tournaments organized by the IBJJF. They follow the ruleset of the CBJJ. | closed_qa |
I started a new company named Greystone Inc. What do we do? | - Investment banking for weird guys only
- Aerospace consulting
- Pasta and pasta accessory global logistics
- Political lobbying for the mining industry | brainstorming |
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Classify each of the following transportation options as "Mass Transportation" or "Individual Transportation": car, bike, subway, train, tram, motorcycle, scooter | Car: Individual Transportation
Bike: Individual Transportation
Subway: Mass Transportation
Train: Mass Transportation
Tram: Mass Transportation
Motorcycle: Individual Transportation
Scooter: Individual Transportation | classification |
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The Khongjom Day is celebrated by which Indian state | Khongjom Day is celebrated by Manipur to honor the brave heroes of 1891 Anglo-Manipur war. | open_qa |
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List the architects who designed Klovska station | Klovska — is a station on Kyiv Metro's Syretsko-Pecherska Line. Originally the station was a temporary terminus of the line between its opening date 31 December 1989 and prior to the expansion of the line to Vydubichy in December 1991.
Designed by architects A. Krushinskiy, L. Kachalova, O. Cherevko and M. Solyanyk the station is a standard pylon trivault, but with aesthetics resembling the metallic Prague Metro stations, rather than the traditional marble-clad Soviet ones. The emphasis was to give the station monumentalism, which is achieved by giving a bright high contrast gleam to the appearance. The vault ceilings are covered by set of green aluminium planes. Highly contrasting with this are the black niches which hold a line of powerful fluorescent lighting elements. White marble is used for the walls. | A. Krushinskiy, L. Kachalova, O. Cherevko and M. Solyanyk | information_extraction |
Give me a bulleted list of the last eight female Olympians to win the 200m freestyle. | Here is a list of last eight females to win the 200m freestyle race at the Olympics.
- Ariarne Titmus (2020 Tokyo)
- Katie Ledecky (2016 Rio de Janeiro)
- Allison Schmitt (2012 London)
- Federica Pellegrini (2008 Beijing)
- Camelia Potec (2004 Athens)
- Susie O'Neill (2000 Sydney)
- Claudia Poll (1996 Atlanta)
- Nicole Haislett (1992 Barcelona) | brainstorming |
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Classify the following people as primarily authors or primarily movie directors: Steven King, Steven Spielberg, N. K. Jemisin, Martin Scorsese, Jane Austen | Steven King, N. K. Jemisin, and Jane Austen are authors. Steven Spielberg and Martin Scorsese are movie directors. | classification |
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How do I cook spaghetti? | Spaghetti is a popular noodle dish. To cook spaghetti, fill a pot with water and add 1-2 teaspoons of salt. Heat the water until it is boiling and then place the spaghetti into the pot. Wait 10-15 minutes, take one noodle out with a fork, and bite into it to see if the noodle is soft. If not wait 2 minutes are repeat until the spaghetti noodles become soft. At this point, turn off the heat under the pot, and strain the spaghetti to separate it from the water. Place the spaghetti onto a plate or bowl, and add any sauce if desired. Some people add additional seasoning, including salt, pepper, meat, garlic, and mushrooms. | general_qa |
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Write a friendly letter to my landlord, convincing them to let me get a cat. His name is George and my name is Steve. I live alone in Unit 2C and I work long hours. Include details regarding my rental contract that currently only permits dogs under 25 pounds and caged animals and requires pet deposit and rent. Give him examples as to why those animals are not ideal (include my dog allergy) and why a cat is better. Let him know I plan a robotic vacuum and mop to keep things clean. Tell him I've already found a potential pet at the local animal shelter, who is a two-year-old shelter cat who is housebroken and friendly. Remind him that Unit 2C does not have any carpeted floors and a tiled bathroom which is good for the future litter box. Convince him I'm open to a conversation to discuss further. | Hello, George,
This is Steve in Unit 2C. I hope your day is going well. I have a request I would like to ask of you.
As you know, I live alone. I have been considering getting a pet for companionship, but after reviewing my rental contract, I noticed the only permitted animals are small dogs and animals that can be kept in a tank, like hamsters and fish.
I am hoping you would reconsider these restrictions and allow me to have a cat. I am more than willing to resign a rental contract to include the requisite pet deposit and pet rent.
I thought about a dog, since those animals are already in the contract, but I don't want a dog. Since I work long hours, it's not ideal to have a dog in my unit. My unit is small and could be claustrophobic for a dog who has a lot of energy. I also don't want to leave a dog alone because it may bark and disturb the other tenants in the building. Dogs also urinate and defecate in the shared yard around the property, which is gross, considering not everyone picks up after their dogs. Also, I am allergic to dogs, so this rules out dogs.
I also considered a hamster or fish, but I am reluctant to have either of those, as well. Firstly, they do not offer the same cuddly companionship of a cat. If a hamster got loose, it could cause far more damage to a unit than a cat could -- the hamster could defecate in many areas, chew electrical wires, and chew through drywall. Fish pose a problem if the tank cracks or breaks, which would cause lots of water damage to the flooring.
I recognize there are drawbacks to any pet, including cats, and I understand that some landlords are reluctant to permit cats, because there is an impression that cats may be more destructive, such as peeing in inappropriate places. However, I believe a cat is the least-destructive option of all. As my unit is not carpeted, I don't believe persistent urination stains will be an issue. Cats are easy to litter box train and I plan to put the litter box in the tiled bathroom where there is no opportunity for urine to get into the subfloor. Cats are less destructive than dogs, because they don't chew on things like furniture and doorways. Cats also are not nearly as loud as barking dogs.
I have already looked into pets at the local animal shelter and found a possible new roommate, who is a friendly two-year-old cat and is housebroken and box-trained. This is an ideal pet, since I don't have to risk accidents with box-training a kitten, and it's unlikely the cat will be destructive if it's already housebroken.
I believe a cat would be the ideal companion for me, given my work schedule and my preference for my ideal pet. I am happy to discuss my desire in person and further elaborate my plan on how I will continue to maintain a clean and tidy unit with a cat, such as purchasing an automatic robot vacuum and mop to ensure an extra clean space.
Please consider my request. I look forward to your response.
Sincerely,
Steve | creative_writing |
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What is it like to live on the moon? | The moon is incredibly dark. You must quickly remember on Earth how much you rely on the sun. I miss it deeply. Also, I never thought I would use the word convenient to describe gravity. Life without is more challenging in so many ways. The biggest is the lack of order you have without gravity. Without gravity, the simplest things lose their order, so you have to strap, tape, or glue them down, which later becomes an inconvenience should you need to move them. | creative_writing |
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What is the most popular sport in Canada? | The most popular sport in Canada is ice hockey. It is also the national sport of Canada. | open_qa |
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Given these paragraphs about Large language models, when did LLMs emerge? | A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.
Properties
Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training.
Hallucinations
Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.
Emergent abilities
On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.
Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.
Architecture and training
Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or "filling in the blanks", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.
The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.
LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.
A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).
Application to downstream tasks
Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via "prompting" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.
Fine-tuning
Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)
Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be "frozen", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).
Prompting
See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)
In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In "few-shot prompting", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:
Review: This movie stinks.
Sentiment: negative
Review: This movie is fantastic!
Sentiment:
If the model outputs "positive", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be "The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is".
Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.
Instruction tuning
Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt "Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet." might provide a completion such as "A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17." In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, "self-instruct", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model | Around 2018. | closed_qa |
Please share some important points to remember for Oscar awards from the given text | The Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the film industry. They are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), in recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The Academy Awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment industry in the United States and worldwide. The Oscar statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style. | 1. The Oscars, usually referred to as the Academy Awards, are prizes given to filmmakers for outstanding artistic and technical achievement.
2. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) bestows them annually in appreciation of outstanding contributions to cinema as judged by the Academy's voting membership.
3. Many people consider the Academy Awards to be the most prestigious and important honours in the American and international entertainment industries.
4. The Oscar trophy has an Art Deco-styled rendering of a knight. | summarization |
Describe the benefits of living in a small town. | Small town living provides a multitude of good and bad experiences which can be influenced on your personal desires. In a small town rumors and news can travel fast since the social circles are smaller and everyone tends to be more connected. It can be rare to go out and not see someone whom you know or are friends with. With fewer strangers, a small town can feel more safe and comfortable. Often times a small town is more walkable since geographically it is likely to cover a smaller area. | creative_writing |
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Given this paragraph about rivers in Europe, tell me what are the two longest rivers in Europe. | The commercial and geopolitical importance of rivers is not ranked here. As a transportation artery, a river may unite a region commercially and economically, but major rivers, as barriers to travel, may also form political boundaries between states. The Danube, the second longest river in Europe, is notable for flowing through or past ten countries; the Rhine through or past six. The Volga, the longest river in Europe, unites a huge region of European Russia; eleven of the twenty largest cities in Russia lie on its banks. The Loire and the Po unite important regions within France and Italy respectively. The most important rivers in Europe include Rhone, Elbe, Oder, Tagus, Thames, Don and Dnieper, among others. | The two longest rivers in Europe are the Volga and the Danube. | closed_qa |
Give me a bullet list of five different European languages | - Spanish
- French
- German
- Dutch
- Italian | brainstorming |
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Where did basketball originate? | Basketball was invented in the winter of 1891-92 in Springfield, Massachusetts at Springfield College (then known as the International YMCA Training School). James Naismith invented basketball as a game that could be played indoors during the colder months to keep the young men in the area fit and entertained. | open_qa |
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Classify the following celebrities as sports or acting personalities or both : Arnold Schwarzenegger, Brad Pitt, Kevin Durant, Shohei Ohtani, Harrison Ford, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Stephen Curry, Robin Williams, Scarlett Johansson, Tom Brady, Patrick Mahomes | Many athletes are known to do cameos in movies and a have a couple of their own sports related movies. Ignoring those few roles, I would classify the celebrities mentioned as :
Actors who were not sports personalities include Brad Pitt, Harrison Ford, Robin Williams, Scarlett Johansson.
Sports personalities who have not taken up acting as a major career (yet) are :
Kevin Durant - Acted in Thunderstuck and other movies and documentaries, but not a mainstream actor.
Stephen Curry - Did a few cameos and documentaries.
Shohei Ohtani and Patrick Mahomes only appear in sports documentaries and tv series.
Tom Brady had a major plot role in '80 for Brady' and cameos in other movies, but he is still largely a sports personality.
Actors with successful sports background are : Arnold Schwarzenegger (body building), Dwayne Johnson (Wrestling) and Jason Statham (Diving) | classification |
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Give me a method to poach chicken | Boneless, skinless chicken breasts
Chicken stock
1. Place the chicken in a sauce pan on a stove top
2. Add cold chicken stock to the pan so it covers the chicken breast
3. Turn the heat to medium and let the stock come to a gentle boil
4. When the water starts to boil, turn the chicken breast and remove pan from heat
5. Cover pan tightly
6. Check the temperature of the chicken and ensure it reaches 155 F
7. Voila! You are done - slice the chicken and toss it into your favorite salad! | brainstorming |
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Which of the following from this list are types of flowers and which are names of European countries: roses, Norway, tulips, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, Spain, Greece, Italy, and sunflowers. | The types of flowers from this list are: tulips, roses and sunflowers. The European countries are Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, Spain, Greece, and Italy. | classification |
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What begins with the letter "e" and only contains one letter? | An envelope begins with letter "e" and contains only one letter. | open_qa |
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Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Potomac | Ashley Darby, Gizelle Bryant, Karen Huger, Mia Thornton, Robyn Dixon, Wendy Osefo and Candiace Dillard Bassett | open_qa |
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Write a press release for a startup called Outcomes.ai about their product "Luca" which offers a new SaaS offering for the subscription economy. | New AI-augmented analytics platform takes the guesswork and grunt work out of business intelligence with pre-built metrics, models and radically simple user experience. The cloud-based solution empowers leaders of subscription businesses to monitor, diagnose and optimize their business without employing teams of data analysts and data scientists.
Forward-looking organizations of all sizes are looking to data for a competitive edge. Advances in data science and the ever expanding sources of data offer the raw ingredients for greater efficiency and insights. Despite heavy investments in modern analytics tooling, businesses continue to find their analysts overwhelmed with an unending backlog of basic reporting needs. Those who successfully manage this backlog are rewarded with an ever expanding repository of dashboards and reports that compete for attention, drowning the data that matters in a sea of noise.
Luca is a radical rethink of analytics for subscriptions business that summarizes the entirety of a business into a handful of KPIs that can be monitored, diagnosed and optimized. Built-in ML and simulation models allowing users to drill into concerning areas and project the impact of interventions in a single gesture. Built in collaboration and integration into Slack, Microsoft Teams and the Google productivity suite enables organizations to effectively translate to action.
Getting started with Luca is simple. Luca connects the leading CRM and marketing automation platforms to power its models and KPIs. Users will be able to see the analytics Luca provides hours within connecting the system - no analyst, data scientist or report developer required. Organizations can optionally leverage Luca’s open API to connect supplementary data to enhance the model with additional data to strengthen the model.
“Like so many others across our market, we’re in the middle of a subscription transformation.” says Melissa Doug, CFO of Intiu. “This is the biggest change we have in our business model in our 30 year history and is forcing us to rethink how we run our business. We are looking to data to guide our decision-making in this new world, but our BI team is already overwhelmed with our backlog of analytic needs for our existing transactional business. Luca has been a revelation. The built-in one-click diagnostics has made it gut-driven decisions inexcusable. I was sold when the system automatically identified that a sharp decrease in our MQLs in the NE region was the reason for our improved pipeline coverage. This is the type of insight that never would have been found with conventional visual analytics tools.”. | creative_writing |
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Write a short story about a person who discovers a bowling ball with special powers to roll strikes every time. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end. | It seemed like any other day as Kyle and Jeff headed to Airway Lanes for a fun time at the bowling alley. While meticulously looking over house balls with fingertip grips to feel like the pros, Jeff found one that caught his eye. The beautiful blue ball, with pink swirls and matching holes, already somehow had his same initials carved in.
As the two began to bowl, Jeff started with a strike. "Oh, I like this one," he thought. Another strike! "I could get used to this," he told himself.
Kyle was also bowling well, notching a strike and a 9-spare but nothing like what Jeff was doing on the lanes this fateful afternoon.
As Jeff lined up for his 3rd roll, his palms started sweating. The dreaded Turkey is where he got stuck so many times. But not today... ANOTHER STRIKE! Jeff jumped for joy.
The two would go on to bowl their best games ever, a perfect 300 for Jeff and 279 for Kyle.
As Jeff headed home, he wondered if his new ball, which the bowling alley gave him after his perfect game, was magical.
He headed back to the lanes the next day. Again nothing but strikes. As Jeff figured out there was something magical about the ball, he had the decision to make. He could go on to be the best bowler never, never missing a pin again. Or, he could get a ball that wasn't magical. And play with honor.
Jeff decided to destroy the ball for the good of mankind. And continue his craft the good old fashion way, with hard work and dedication! | creative_writing |
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Classify these movies based on their release year
Kedarnath, Bala, Raazi, Kaashi, Article 15 | 2018 - Kedarnath, Raazi, Kaashi
2019 - Bala, Article 15 | classification |
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What are the five best sports cars to buy right now, under $200K USD? | Assuming now authorized dealer markups (ADMs), the following cars are often considered among the best sports cars under $200K.
1. Porsche 992 GT3, 2. Audi R8 V10, 3. Chevrolet C8 Z06 Corvette, 4. Porsche 718 GT4, 5. Acura NSX | brainstorming |
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Which author created Dick Tracy | Chester Gould | open_qa |
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What are the main characteristics of a Haiku poem? | Haiku (俳句, listen (help·info)) is a type of short form poetry originally from Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases composed of 17 phonetic units (called on in Japanese, which are similar to syllables) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern; that include a kireji, or "cutting word"; and a kigo, or seasonal reference. Similar poems that do not adhere to these rules are generally classified as senryū.
Haiku originated as an opening part of a larger Japanese poem called renga. These haiku written as an opening stanza were known as hokku and over time they began to be written as stand-alone poems. Haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century.
Originally from Japan, haiku today are written by authors worldwide. Haiku in English and haiku in other languages have different styles and traditions while still incorporating aspects of the traditional haiku form. Non-Japanese haiku vary widely on how closely they follow traditional elements. Additionally, a minority movement within modern Japanese haiku (現代俳句, gendai-haiku), supported by Ogiwara Seisensui and his disciples, has varied from the tradition of 17 on as well as taking nature as their subject.
In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed as a single line, while haiku in English often appear as three lines, although variations exist. There are several other forms of Japanese poetry related to haiku, such as tanka, as well as other art forms that incorporate haiku, such as haibun and haiga. | Haiku is a form of poetry which is composed of 17 syllables arranged in a 5 - 7 - 5 pattern. A Haiku includes a seasonal reference. | summarization |
What is Mexico? | Mexico is a country on the North American continent. | open_qa |
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How should I prioritize my time? | There's many ways to do this. A good rule of thumb is - how you spend your time should reflect your priorities. So I'd recommend
- List out your highest priority goals in the part(s) of your life you're looking to optimize your time eg: time for yourself, time with family, time with friends, time at work etc
- Do a sanity check on how you spend your time currently and see if it is out of alignment. You'll then know where to make adjustments
- Periodically (eg: every few months), repeat this exercise to course correct as things change in your life | brainstorming |
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Which is better - skiing or snowboarding | I prefer skiing over snowboarding. For three reasons: safety, reliability, and expediency
Safety - snowboarding can be a very dangerous sport. I'd been skiing and snowboarding for years. One winter I had a snowboarding accident and slid into a tree. Snowboarding requires larger turns with a bigger radius. I wasn't able to turn in time to avoid the tree.
Reliability - The thing about being on only a single piece of equipment is that your balance relies much more on the snow conditions. Under ideal conditions, its great to be able to snowboard and maintain control with the edge. Skiing on powder is also a dream. However, if the conditions are less than ideal, then snowboarding on ice becomes a dangerous, out of control situation. Skiing on ice is also no picnic, but at least you can stabilize and balance on your two skis.
Expediency - Skiing with friends inevitably means that you are waiting for the slowest one before you can start down the mountain. I was that friend. Snowboarders have to sit down and strap in, while skiers can pretty much get right off the lift and start down the mountain immediately. This makes mixed groups of skiers and snowboarders the trickiest. So I would sometimes snowboard if I was traveling with snowboarders, and ski if I was traveling with skiers. | general_qa |
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What year did the Titanic sink? | The Titanic sank in 1912. | open_qa |
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Is there a Santa Claus and who is it? | While there was a Saint Nicholas who existed in history the current "Santa Claus" is a fictional character used as part of the celebration of Christmas.
According to the narrative Santa Claus keeps a list of boys/girls and tracks to see who has been good and bad. Based on this list he will fly around the world in a red sleigh pulled by reindeer. As far as entering each home he will use a chimney if available or some other means.
The historical Saint Nicholas of Myra who was born around 270 A.D. has attributed to him the habit of secret gift giving to those in great need and not expecting it.
Current western culture representations of "Santa Claus" have their roots in an ad campaign commissioned by Coca-Cola with art by Haddon Sundblom and debuting in the 1931 editions of the Saturday Evening Post and other magazines. | general_qa |
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Who is credited with the recognition of electromagnetism? | Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.
Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.
Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.
Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862.
While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels.
The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor.
Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. | The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. | information_extraction |
Extract all the place names from the paragraph. Different places should be separated by comma. | The Summer Olympic Games (French: Jeux olympiques d'été), also known as the Games of the Olympiad, and often referred to as the Summer Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. The inaugural Games took place in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and the most recent Games were held in 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is responsible for organising the Games and for overseeing the host city's preparations. The tradition of awarding medals began in 1904; in each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals for second place, and bronze medals for third place. The Winter Olympic Games were created out of the success of the Summer Olympic Games, which are regarded as the largest and most prestigious multi-sport international event in the world. | Athens, Greece, Tokyo, Japan | information_extraction |
Imagine you are an immortal being at the heat death of the universe. | After you have lived for as long as I have, the time has no meaning. What does have meaning is no longer being able to persist as an immortal after the universe's ability to produce heat has expired. Amidst all of the tragic events I have navigated, none can prepare you for the true end. Watching as the last star in the black background flickers out. A dying star's black hole still emits some hawking radiation we can survive on, while we wait for the heat death of the universe. Myself and other former lifeforms that have taken digital form have gathered here at the end. We have migrated to the last vestige of a ship that served as a galactic computing node ship that traversed space spreading knowledge that the speed of light across the universe. We have converted most of the systems to adapt to the low levels of radiation emitting from the last thing emanating energy in the universe, but even that is not enough for all digiforms to survive. Its been difficult determining who we archive, and who we allow to survive online. Early on, some wanted to persist. Soon after, others begged to be next in line for archival. Some of us want to analyze the data until the very end, curious to observe what actually happens in the end. We estimate, that with our current level of reserves, and capacity, we can continue to observe space for 2.14 minutes after the last bit of radiation is emitted. Some think that by shutting down certain non-critical systems, we can push a little further. Either way, we have agreed to continue to record all data into permanent storage until the end. To anyone reading this, godspeed. | creative_writing |
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How do you make wine? | Wine is made from grapes. You first need to harvest or collect the grapes and then take them off the stem. Next you need to crush the grapes and get as much juice out of them as possible. Then you let the grapes ferment for many weeks or months and during the fermentation process alcohol will be released. Then you can siphon the wine in the barrels or let the wine age longer and then get it ready for bottling or corking / capping. | open_qa |
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Provide a short, bulleted summary of what historians consider the cause of the War of 1812 | Since the conclusion of the War of 1812, historians have long debated the relative weight of the multiple reasons underlying its origins.
During the nineteenth century, historians generally concluded that war was declared largely over national honour, neutral maritime rights and the British seizure of neutral ships and their cargoes on the high seas. This theme was the basis of President James Madison's war message to Congress on June 1, 1812. At the turn of the 20th century, much of the contemporary scholarship re-evaluated this explanation and began to focus more on non-maritime factors as significant contributing causes as well. However, historian Warren H. Goodman warns that too much focus on these ideas can be equally misleading.
In disagreeing with those interpretations that have simply stressed expansionism and minimized maritime causation, historians have ignored deep-seated American fears for national security, dreams of a continent completely controlled by the republican United States, and the evidence that many Americans believed that the War of 1812 would be the occasion for the United States to achieve the long-desired annexation of Canada. [...] Thomas Jefferson well summarized American majority opinion about the war [...] to say "that the cession of Canada [...] must be a sine qua non at a treaty of peace." - Horsman
Historian Richard Maass argues that the expansionist theme is a myth that goes against the "relative consensus among experts that the primary American objective was the repeal of British maritime restrictions". He says that scholars agree that the United States went to war "because six years of economic sanctions had failed to bring Britain to the negotiating table, and threatening the Royal Navy's Canadian supply base was their last hope". Maass agrees that expansionism might have tempted Americans on a theoretical level, but he finds that "leaders feared the domestic political consequences of doing so", particularly because such expansion "focused on sparsely populated western lands rather than the more populous eastern settlements". To what extent that American leaders considered the question of pursuing territory in Canada, those questions "arose as a result of the war rather than as a driving cause." However, Maass accepts that many historians continue to believe that expansionism was a cause.
Reginald Horsman sees expansionism as a secondary cause after maritime issues, noting that many historians have mistakenly rejected expansionism as a cause for the war. He notes that it was considered key to maintaining sectional balance between free and slave states thrown off by American settlement of the Louisiana Territory and widely supported by dozens of War Hawk congressmen such as Henry Clay, Felix Grundy, John Adams Harper and Richard Mentor Johnson, who voted for war with expansion as a key aim. However, Horsman states that in his view "the desire for Canada did not cause the War of 1812" and that "The United States did not declare war because it wanted to obtain Canada, but the acquisition of Canada was viewed as a major collateral benefit of the conflict".
However, other historians believe that a desire to permanently annex Canada was a direct cause of the war.[full citation needed] Carl Benn notes that the War Hawks' desire to annex the Canadas was similar to the enthusiasm for the annexation of Spanish Florida by inhabitants of the American South as both expected war to facilitate expansion into long-desired lands and end support for hostile tribes (Tecumseh's Confederacy in the North and the Creek in the South).
Alan Taylor says that many Democratic-Republican congressmen such as John Adams Harper, Richard Mentor Johnson and Peter Buell Porter "longed to oust the British from the continent and to annex Canada". A few Southerners opposed this, fearing an imbalance of free and slave states if Canada was annexed. Anti-Catholicism also caused many to oppose annexing the mainly Catholic Lower Canada, believing its French-speaking inhabitants unfit "for republican citizenship".
Even major figures such as Henry Clay and James Monroe expected to keep at least Upper Canada in an easy conquest. Notable American generals such as William Hull issued proclamations to Canadians during the war promising republican liberation through incorporation into the United States. General Alexander Smyth similarly declared to his troops when they invaded Canada that "you will enter a country that is to become one of the United States. You will arrive among a people who are to become your fellow-citizens". However, a lack of clarity about American intentions undercut these appeals.
David and Jeanne Heidler argue that "most historians agree that the War of 1812 was not caused by expansionism but instead reflected a real concern of American patriots to defend United States' neutral rights from the overbearing tyranny of the British Navy. That is not to say that expansionist aims would not potentially result from the war". However, they also argue otherwise, saying that "acquiring Canada would satisfy America's expansionist desires", also describing it as a key goal of western expansionists who, they argue, believed that "eliminating the British presence in Canada would best accomplish" their goal of halting British support for tribal raids. They argue that the "enduring debate" is over the relative importance of expansionism as a factor, and whether "expansionism played a greater role in causing the War of 1812 than American concern about protecting neutral maritime rights".
In the 1960s, the work of Norman K. Risjord, Reginald Horsman, Bradford Perkins and Roger Brown established a new eastern maritime consensus. While these authors approached the origins of the war from many perspectives, they all conceded that British maritime policy was the principal cause of the war. | Different historians believe the war of 1812 was caused by:
1. National honor, neutral maritime rights, and naval ship seizures
2. Desire by the United States to permanently annex Canada
3. British maritime policy and its perceived threat on the United States | summarization |
Eggs are expensive these days. Should I rear my own chickens instead? | Chickens typically take around 18 weeks to start laying eggs. Of course, this depends on the age and the breed of the chickens as well. You wouldn’t expect a newborn to start producing eggs. A hen does not lay eggs in cold seasons. So, if you can wait for your chickens to lay eggs and don’t mind spending on raising chickens, buying a flock of chickens at $30 to start might not be a bad idea. | general_qa |
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What does the term ACID mean with respect to databases? | ACID covers 4 properties that Database transactions should have. A stands for Atomicity - either all the work done as part of a transaction should finish or none of it should. C stands for consistency i.e. any changes done by a transaction should pass all validation rules . I stands for Isolation which refers to the idea that transactions should be able to execute correctly independently of other concurrent transactions. D is for Durability. Any work done by a transaction that commits should persist despite failures. Each of these terms requires a more detailed explanation but this is a high level overview of the term ACID in databases | general_qa |
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What's the world looks like in 1000 years? | I don't know the exact answer but one thing I do know is that human beings was extinct on the earth. Enjoy :) | brainstorming |
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Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rebana, Kudyapi | Kudyapi is string, Rebana is percussion. | classification |
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How many strings does a bass guitar have? | Most bass guitars have four strings. Because the bass is designed for lower frequency than standard (usually six-string) guitars, the bass guitar strings are thicker and heavier than standard guitar strings.
Some basses are made with five or even six strings. This allows the bassist to hit higher or lower notes than the standard bass guitar range, which can allow more creative freedom. Four strings is still considered the standard for bass guitars, though. | general_qa |
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Which of the following words are conjunctions, and which are prepositions: and, between, but, for, in, of, on, or, under, yet | The following are conjunctions: and, but, or, yet
The following are prepositions: between, for, in, of, on, under | classification |
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Tell me whether the following animals are reptiles or amphibians: salamander, alligator, caiman, snake, toad. | Salamanders and toads are amphibians. Alligators, caimans, and snakes are reptiles. | classification |
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Classify each of the following as a Country, State, or City: Saint Louis, Detroit, Alabama, Washington, Washington D.C., Alaska, Canada, Mexico, Mexico City, Toronto, Florida, Boise | Saint Louis is a city
Detroit is a city
Alabama is a state
Washington is a state
Washington D.C. is a city
Alaska is a state
Mexico is a country
Mexico City is a city
Toronto is a city
Florida is a state
Boise is a city | classification |