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[ { "answer": "NBC", "id": 751782, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Undercovers >> original broadcaster" }, { "answer": "CBS", "id": 2053, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?" }, { "answer": "Oriole Records.", "id": 5289, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "What lable was bought by #2 in the UK?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The thirteenth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 22, 2016, in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and consisted of 24 episodes. The season was ordered on March 3, 2016, along with ABC's other shows. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 13)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Better Living TV Theater was an early American television program originally broadcast on ABC and later on the now defunct DuMont Television Network. The documentary series, featuring moderator Fischer Black, ran from 1953 to 1954. The ABC version was a summer replacement series which aired on Sunday afternoons. The final ABC broadcast occurred on August 16, 1953.", "title": "Better Living TV Theater" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WFBG (1290 AM) is a news/talk radio station broadcasting in Altoona, Pennsylvania. WFBG originally broadcast on the frequency of 1310 kilohertz and was known as \"The Voice of the Alleghenies\".", "title": "WFBG" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barney Miller is an American sitcom set in a New York City Police Department police station on East 6th St in Greenwich Village. The series was broadcast from January 23, 1975, to May 20, 1982, on ABC. It was created by Danny Arnold and Theodore J. Flicker. Noam Pitlik directed the majority of the episodes.", "title": "Barney Miller" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "999 ABC Broken Hill is an ABC Local Radio station based in Broken Hill and broadcasting to the surrounding outback region in New South Wales, including the towns of Menindee, White Cliffs and Silverton.", "title": "999 ABC Broken Hill" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ABC Riverina is an ABC Local Radio station based in Wagga Wagga and broadcasting to the Riverina and Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area regions in New South Wales. This includes the towns and cities of Griffith, Goulburn, Leeton and Hay.", "title": "ABC Riverina" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cannonball Run 2001 is a reality television series broadcast on the USA Network in 2001. It was inspired by the Cannonball Baker Sea-To-Shining-Sea Memorial Trophy Dash, an outlaw road race of the 1970s which was the source for the famous \"Cannonball Run\" movies. The show featured a series of five location-specific challenges along a New York-to-Los Angeles course, as in the original race.", "title": "Cannonball Run 2001" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Million Dollar Drop is a game show which airs on Nine Network in Australia and is based on the UK series \"The Million Pound Drop Live\". However, unlike the original UK version, it is not broadcast live, and there are several changes to the format. The show premiered on 21 March 2011 and is hosted by Eddie McGuire.", "title": "The Million Dollar Drop" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "PGA Tour on ABC is the \"de facto\" branding used for telecasts of the main professional golf tournaments of the PGA Tour on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network in the United States. ABC broadcast the PGA Tour from 1966 to 2006. From 1962 to 2009, ABC served as the broadcast home of The Open Championship. The British Open on ABC was the longest-running entertainment program in ABC's history and the last-surviving ABC program to debut in the \"circle a\" era. ABC also held the broadcast rights of the US Open from 1966 through 1994. and the PGA Championship from 1965 until 1990.", "title": "PGA Tour on ABC" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution.", "title": "Sony Music" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York Giants Radio Network is a broadcast radio network based in New York City, the official radio broadcaster of the New York Giants. The network's radio broadcasts are currently flagshipped at WFAN, a station owned by CBS Radio. Overflow radio casts air on WCBS, WFAN's corporate sibling", "title": "New York Giants Radio Network" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cracker Factory is an American television movie directed by Burt Brinckerhoff. The teleplay by Richard Shapiro is based on the best-selling 1977 novel by Joyce Rebeta-Burditt. The film was broadcast by ABC on March 16, 1979.", "title": "The Cracker Factory" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ABC World News Tonight (titled as ABC World News Tonight with David Muir for its weeknight broadcasts since September 2014 and simply ABC World News Tonight for its weekend broadcasts) is the flagship daily evening television news program of ABC News, the news division of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network in the United States. Since 2014, the program's weekday broadcasts have been anchored by David Muir. Cecilia Vega and Tom Llamas rotated as anchors of the Saturday editions and Sunday editions until Llamas was named sole weekend anchor in January 2017.", "title": "ABC World News Tonight" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The NHL on ABC is the branding formerly used for broadcasts of National Hockey League (NHL) games televised on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The network first broadcast NHL games during the 1992–93 season under a time-buy agreement with ESPN; ABC resumed regular season game telecasts on February 6, 2000, as part of a joint contract with ESPN that also gave ABC the rights to select games from each round of the Stanley Cup playoffs.", "title": "NHL on ABC" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The original version of the series premiered on ABC on Wednesday, October 27, 1954. The show was broadcast weekly on one of the Big Three television networks until 1990, a 36 - year span with only a two - year hiatus from 1984 until 1985. The series was broadcast on Sunday for 25 of those years. From 1991 until 1997, the series aired infrequently.", "title": "Walt Disney anthology television series" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clive Hale (1937 – 5 June 2005) was an Australian television news and current affairs presenter on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) for 38 years.", "title": "Clive Hale" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Undercovers is an American action spy television series created by J. J. Abrams and Josh Reims that aired NBC from September 22 to December 29, 2010. They were executive producers of the pilot along with Abrams' frequent collaborator Bryan Burk.", "title": "Undercovers (TV series)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CILB-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting a classic hits format at 103.5 FM in Lac La Biche, Alberta. The station is branded as boom 103.5 and was owned by Newcap Broadcasting until they were bought out by Stingray Digital.", "title": "CILB-FM" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WRNJ (1510 AM) is a radio station in Hackettstown, New Jersey broadcasting an adult contemporary format. The station is owned locally by WRNJ Radio, Inc. and features programing from ABC News Radio.", "title": "WRNJ" } ]

[ "Oriole Records" ]

[ { "answer": "Brunei", "id": 106239, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What country did Kelupis originate?" }, { "answer": "NBC", "id": 650651, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "The Biggest Loser #1 (season 3): The Final Chance >> creator" }, { "answer": "Walter Sabo", "id": 7262, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Who was a prominent figure at #2 's radio division?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winners & Losers is an Australian television drama series first broadcast on the Seven Network on 22 March 2011. It was created by the producers of \"Packed to the Rafters\" and is aired in the show's former time slot. \"Winners & Losers\" focuses on the lives of four women living in Melbourne, after they win a large amount of money in the Oz Lotto. Seven renewed \"Winners & Losers\" for a second season in July 2011 and it began airing from 26 June 2012. Two months later, it was announced the series had been renewed for a third season. A fourth season was confirmed on 19 December 2013. A fifth season was confirmed on 3 December 2014.", "title": "Winners & Losers" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser: Couples is the fifth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\". The fifth season premiered on January 1, 2008 with ten overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000. This season featured Alison Sweeney as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels; all three returning from season four.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 5)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wire Intertitle from season 2 Genre Crime drama Serial drama Created by David Simon Starring see List of The Wire characters Theme music composer Tom Waits Opening theme ``Way Down in the Hole ''by The Blind Boys of Alabama (season 1) Tom Waits (season 2) The Neville Brothers (season 3) DoMaJe (season 4) Steve Earle (season 5) Ending theme`` The Fall'' by Blake Leyh Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 5 No. of episodes 60 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) David Simon Robert F. Colesberry Nina Kostroff Noble Producer (s) Karen L. Thorson Ed Burns Joe Chappelle George Pelecanos Eric Overmyer Location (s) Baltimore, Maryland Camera setup Single - camera Running time 55 -- 60 minutes 93 minutes (series finale) Production company (s) Blown Deadline Productions HBO Distributor Warner Bros. Television HBO Enterprises Release Original network HBO Picture format 480i (4: 3 SDTV) (original broadcast) 1080p (16: 9 HDTV) (2014 remaster) Audio format Dolby Digital 5.1 Original release June 2, 2002 (2002 - 06 - 02) -- March 9, 2008 (2008 - 03 - 09) External links Website", "title": "The Wire" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Invitations\" is the 22nd and final episode of the seventh season of \"Seinfeld\" and the 134th overall episode. It originally aired on May 16, 1996, and is notable as being the last episode written by co-creator Larry David before he left the series at the end of this season. He did return, however, to write the series finale in 1998. This episode was directed by Andy Ackerman.", "title": "The Invitations" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United had finished third in the First Division that season, and were strong favourites, while unfancied Southampton had finished sixth in the Second Division. In one of the biggest shocks in the history of the final, Southampton won 1 -- 0 through an 83rd - minute goal from Bobby Stokes. It was the first time Southampton won a major trophy.", "title": "1976 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of The Biggest Loser which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC. Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show. There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom. This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists. The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 16)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chicago P.D. (season 3) Chicago P.D. Season 3 DVD cover Country of origin United States No. of episodes 23 Release Original network NBC Original release September 30, 2015 (2015 - 09 - 30) -- May 25, 2016 (2016 - 05 - 25) Season chronology ← Previous Season 2 Next → Season 4 List of Chicago P.D. episodes", "title": "Chicago P.D. (season 3)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Janel Parrish portrays Mona Vanderwaal, the original and first ``A ''. She is the person who stalked Alison before her disappearance, and did this as revenge for Alison crowning her`` Rosewood's biggest loser''. After Alison disappeared she became best friends with Hanna Marin and they transformed themselves into the most popular girls at school, taking Alison's place.", "title": "Pretty Little Liars" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Block Created by Julian Cress David Barbour Presented by Jamie Durie (2003 - 2004) Scott Cam (2010 - present) Shelley Craft (2010 - present) Starring Foreman: Keith Schleiger Dan Reilly Judges John McGrath Neale Whitaker Shaynna Blaze Darren Palmer Romy Alwill Opening theme ``Here Comes Another One ''by Groove Terminator Original Version (seasons 1 - 5) Remixed Editions (season 6 - present) Country of origin Australia Original language (s) English No. of seasons 14 No. of episodes 651 (as of 28 October 2018) Production Executive producer (s) Julian Cress Justin Sturzaker Production location (s) Sydney (seasons 1 -- 3, 6) Melbourne (seasons 4 -- 5, 7 -- present) Running time 30 -- 90 mins (including ads) Production company (s) Watercress Productions (seasons 4 -- 11) Cavalier Productions (seasons 12 -- present) Release Original network Nine Network Picture format 576i (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) Audio format Stereo Original release Original Series 1 June 2003 -- 25 July 2004 Revived Series 22 September 2010 -- present External links Website", "title": "The Block (Australian TV series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The club found it difficult to adjust to the Second Division and were nearly further relegated in the 1937 -- 38 season, when they were spared on goal averages. However, when World War II broke in 1939, Newcastle had a chance to regroup, and in the War period, they brought in Jackie Milburn, Tommy Walker and Bobby Cowell. They were finally promoted back to the First Division at the end of the 1947 -- 48 season. During the 1950s, Newcastle won the FA Cup trophy on three occasions within a five - year period, beating Blackpool in 1951, Arsenal in 1952, and Manchester City in 1955. However, after this last FA Cup victory the club fell back into decline and were relegated to the Second Division once again at the end of the 1960 -- 61 season under the management of Charlie Mitten. Mitten left after one season in the Second Division and was replaced by former player Joe Harvey. Newcastle returned to the First Division at the end of the 1964 -- 65 season after winning the Second Division title. Under Harvey, the club qualified for European competition for the first time after a good run in the 1967 -- 68 season and the following year won the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, triumphing 6 -- 2 over two legs against Hungary's Újpest in the final.", "title": "Newcastle United F.C." }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser (season 1) is the first season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\", which premiered on October 19, 2004. The show features overweight contestants competing to lose the largest percentage of their body weight and receive the title of 'Biggest Loser,' along with a $250,000 grand prize. The first season featured twelve contestants divided into two teams of six players. The teams were each led by a personal trainer, Bob Harper with the Blue Team and Jillian Michaels with the Red Team. The first season was hosted by Caroline Rhea.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 1)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day", "title": "Adult contemporary music" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kelupis (which literally translates to 'glutinous rice rolls' in English) is a traditional kuih for the Bruneian Malay people in the country of Brunei and in the states of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia. It is also a traditional snack for the Bisaya people as the three ethnics are ethnically related which is Lun Bawang/Lundayeh also create this kelupis especially on the wedding ceremony.", "title": "Kelupis" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Current season, competition or edition: 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Sport Women's Basketball Founded 1982 No. of teams 64 Country NCAA Division I (USA) Most recent champion (s) South Carolina (1st) Most titles Connecticut (11) TV partner (s) ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, WatchESPN Official website NCAA.com", "title": "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Holman Hatch Jr (born April 8, 1961) is an American former reality television contestant. In 2000, he won the first season of the CBS reality series Survivor. He was a contestant on a subsequent All - Stars season of Survivor, on one season of Celebrity Apprentice, and on one season of The Biggest Loser.", "title": "Richard Hatch (Survivor contestant)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnny Dare (born John William Caprefoli) is an American radio personality. He is host of \"The Johnny Dare Morning Show\" the morning show for 98.9 The Rock in Kansas City, Missouri. He is one of the station's more prominent figures, and hosts the station's annual concert festival, Rockfest, which has grown to become the biggest one-day concert event in the country.", "title": "Johnny Dare" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser (season 2) is the second season of the NBC competitive reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\". The second season premiered on September 13, 2005, and like season one features overweight contestants who compete by trying to lose the most weight. The show is hosted by comedian Caroline Rhea, with Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels joining as the", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 2)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kaun Banega Crorepati New Logo with Jio as its title sponsor. Directed by Arun Sheshkumar Presented by Amitabh Bachchan (1 - 2, 4 - 9) Shah Rukh Khan (3) Composer (s) Keith Strachan (1 - 9) Matthew Strachan (1 - 9) Ramon Covalo (4 - 9) Sawan Dutta (5 - 9) Country of origin India Original language (s) Hindi No. of seasons 9 Production Running time approx. 60 minutes Production company (s) Big Synergy Productions Distributor Sony Pictures Television International (Global) Release Original network Star Plus (1 - 3) Sony Entertainment Television (4 - 9) Picture format 480i (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) Original release 3 July 2000 (2000 - 07 - 03) -- Present External links Website kbc.sonyliv.com", "title": "Kaun Banega Crorepati" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.", "title": "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alison \"Ali\" Vincent is the winner of the of the fitness reality television show \"The Biggest Loser\", which aired in early 2008. Vincent's in-competition weight loss of 112 pounds earned her a $250,000 prize, and the first win by a female of a United States \"The Biggest Loser\" season. Vincent is to be featured as a spokeswoman in print and television advertisements for fitness center chain 24 Hour Fitness, Biggest Loser ProteinG manufactured by Designer Whey and Infinity Insurance.", "title": "Ali Vincent" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "NBC", "id": 139862, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Who broadcasted Highway to Heaven?" }, { "answer": "CBS", "id": 2053, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?" }, { "answer": "February 7, 2018", "id": 52946, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "when is celebrity big brother coming to #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bigg Boss is a Hindi (Bollywood) adaption of Big Brother created in Netherlands by John de Mol Jr., largely based on the Celebrity Big Brother model owned by the Endemol Shine Group. The show was named Bigg Boss and a house was constructed for the purpose of the show at Lonavla in Maharashtra. Bigg Boss debuted on television in 2006 through Sony Entertainment Television with Arshad Warsi as the host. The show gained popularity after Shilpa Shetty emerged as the winner in Celebrity Big Brother 5 (UK) and replaced Warsi as the host in the second season of Bigg Boss. From the second season, the show has moved to Viacom 18's Colors.", "title": "Bigg Boss" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clive Hale (1937 – 5 June 2005) was an Australian television news and current affairs presenter on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) for 38 years.", "title": "Clive Hale" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taxi Orange was an alternative to the \"Big Brother\" reality show, quite popular in Austria. It was broadcast by the public television channel ORF. The idea, like \"Big Brother\", was to lock up a group of people in a closed environment, only allowed to leave in an orange taxi, so they were still able to interact with the world outside.", "title": "Taxi Orange" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ABC Riverina is an ABC Local Radio station based in Wagga Wagga and broadcasting to the Riverina and Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area regions in New South Wales. This includes the towns and cities of Griffith, Goulburn, Leeton and Hay.", "title": "ABC Riverina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The NHL on ABC is the branding formerly used for broadcasts of National Hockey League (NHL) games televised on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The network first broadcast NHL games during the 1992–93 season under a time-buy agreement with ESPN; ABC resumed regular season game telecasts on February 6, 2000, as part of a joint contract with ESPN that also gave ABC the rights to select games from each round of the Stanley Cup playoffs.", "title": "NHL on ABC" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ABC World News Tonight (titled as ABC World News Tonight with David Muir for its weeknight broadcasts since September 2014 and simply ABC World News Tonight for its weekend broadcasts) is the flagship daily evening television news program of ABC News, the news division of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network in the United States. Since 2014, the program's weekday broadcasts have been anchored by David Muir. Cecilia Vega and Tom Llamas rotated as anchors of the Saturday editions and Sunday editions until Llamas was named sole weekend anchor in January 2017.", "title": "ABC World News Tonight" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "999 ABC Broken Hill is an ABC Local Radio station based in Broken Hill and broadcasting to the surrounding outback region in New South Wales, including the towns of Menindee, White Cliffs and Silverton.", "title": "999 ABC Broken Hill" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York Giants Radio Network is a broadcast radio network based in New York City, the official radio broadcaster of the New York Giants. The network's radio broadcasts are currently flagshipped at WFAN, a station owned by CBS Radio. Overflow radio casts air on WCBS, WFAN's corporate sibling", "title": "New York Giants Radio Network" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Broadcast is a 1932 American Pre-Code musical comedy film directed by Frank Tuttle and starring Bing Crosby, Stuart Erwin, and Leila Hyams. Based on the play \"Wild Waves\" by William Ford Manley, the film is about a radio-singer who becomes a popular hit with audiences, but takes a casual approach to his career. A casual affair leads to his dismissal, but his career is saved by the station manager who buys the station and gives him his job back. The film co-stars George Burns and Gracie Allen in supporting roles. \"The Big Broadcast\" was produced by Paramount Pictures and was the first in a series of four \"Big Broadcast\" movies.", "title": "The Big Broadcast" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Highway to Heaven is an American television drama series that ran on NBC from 1984 to 1989. The series aired for five seasons, running a total of 111 episodes. The series starred Michael Landon as Jonathan Smith, and Victor French—-Landon's co-star from \"Little House on the Prairie\"-—as Mark Gordon. Jonathan is an angel who has been stripped of his wings and is now \"on probation\", sent to Earth. He meets Mark, a retired policeman now bouncing from job to job. At first distrustful of Jonathan, Mark comes to realize his true nature and is then given a job: to assist Jonathan in helping troubled people on Earth. Jonathan and Mark are given assignments by \"The Boss\" (i.e. God), where they are required to use their humanity to help various troubled souls overcome their problems.", "title": "Highway to Heaven" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The original version of the series premiered on ABC on Wednesday, October 27, 1954. The show was broadcast weekly on one of the Big Three television networks until 1990, a 36 - year span with only a two - year hiatus from 1984 until 1985. The series was broadcast on Sunday for 25 of those years. From 1991 until 1997, the series aired infrequently.", "title": "Walt Disney anthology television series" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Better Living TV Theater was an early American television program originally broadcast on ABC and later on the now defunct DuMont Television Network. The documentary series, featuring moderator Fischer Black, ran from 1953 to 1954. The ABC version was a summer replacement series which aired on Sunday afternoons. The final ABC broadcast occurred on August 16, 1953.", "title": "Better Living TV Theater" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "PGA Tour on ABC is the \"de facto\" branding used for telecasts of the main professional golf tournaments of the PGA Tour on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network in the United States. ABC broadcast the PGA Tour from 1966 to 2006. From 1962 to 2009, ABC served as the broadcast home of The Open Championship. The British Open on ABC was the longest-running entertainment program in ABC's history and the last-surviving ABC program to debut in the \"circle a\" era. ABC also held the broadcast rights of the US Open from 1966 through 1994. and the PGA Championship from 1965 until 1990.", "title": "PGA Tour on ABC" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Celebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018.", "title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Ferme Célébrités is the French version of the international TV show \"The Farm\", produced in France by Endemol and broadcast on TF1. A certain number of B-List celebrities (about 14) appear on it. The show was running in 2004 and 2005, then in 2010. It was hosted by Christophe Dechavanne and Patrice Carmouze in 2004 and 2005 . The farm was located in Visan, Vaucluse in the first seasons. For the season 3, the farm is located in South Africa, Benjamin Castaldi (who hosted the French Pop Idol and the French Big Brother, \"Secret Story\") and Jean-Pierre Foucault (Miss France and Who wants to be a millionaire?) are the new hosts.", "title": "La Ferme Célébrités" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cracker Factory is an American television movie directed by Burt Brinckerhoff. The teleplay by Richard Shapiro is based on the best-selling 1977 novel by Joyce Rebeta-Burditt. The film was broadcast by ABC on March 16, 1979.", "title": "The Cracker Factory" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "DXAQ (1404 kHz Davao City) Kingdom Radio was a flagship AM station of ACQ-Kingdom Broadcasting Network in the Philippines. The station's studio is located along Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway, Catitipan in Davao City.", "title": "DXAQ-AM" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Broadcast of 1936 is a 1935 American comedy film directed by Norman Taurog, and is the second in the series of Big Broadcast movies.", "title": "The Big Broadcast of 1936" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The thirteenth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 22, 2016, in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and consisted of 24 episodes. The season was ordered on March 3, 2016, along with ABC's other shows. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 13)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Brunei", "id": 321720, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Seria >> country" }, { "answer": "NBC", "id": 650651, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "The Biggest Loser #1 (season 3): The Final Chance >> creator" }, { "answer": "Walter Sabo", "id": 7262, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Who was a prominent figure at #2 's radio division?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser: Couples is the fifth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\". The fifth season premiered on January 1, 2008 with ten overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000. This season featured Alison Sweeney as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels; all three returning from season four.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 5)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United had finished third in the First Division that season, and were strong favourites, while unfancied Southampton had finished sixth in the Second Division. In one of the biggest shocks in the history of the final, Southampton won 1 -- 0 through an 83rd - minute goal from Bobby Stokes. It was the first time Southampton won a major trophy.", "title": "1976 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winners & Losers is an Australian television drama series first broadcast on the Seven Network on 22 March 2011. It was created by the producers of \"Packed to the Rafters\" and is aired in the show's former time slot. \"Winners & Losers\" focuses on the lives of four women living in Melbourne, after they win a large amount of money in the Oz Lotto. Seven renewed \"Winners & Losers\" for a second season in July 2011 and it began airing from 26 June 2012. Two months later, it was announced the series had been renewed for a third season. A fourth season was confirmed on 19 December 2013. A fifth season was confirmed on 3 December 2014.", "title": "Winners & Losers" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnny Dare (born John William Caprefoli) is an American radio personality. He is host of \"The Johnny Dare Morning Show\" the morning show for 98.9 The Rock in Kansas City, Missouri. He is one of the station's more prominent figures, and hosts the station's annual concert festival, Rockfest, which has grown to become the biggest one-day concert event in the country.", "title": "Johnny Dare" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1932 Albanian First Division is the second season of the second tier of football in Albania. The league was played between April and May 1932 and it was divided into 3 groups, Group A being an exhibition tournament and the winners of Group B and C played each other in the final. The final was played between SK Kavajë and SK Vlorë, which was won by SK Kavajë 3-1 to be crowned champions.", "title": "1932 Albanian First Division" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First qualifying round: €220,000 Second qualifying round: €320,000 Losers third qualifying round: €420,000 Losers play - off round: €3,000,000 Winners play - off round: €2,000,000 Base fee for group stage: €12,700,000 Group match victory: €1,500,000 Group match draw: €500,000 Round of 16: €6,000,000 Quarter - finals: €6,500,000 Semi-finals: €7,500,000 Losing finalist: €11,000,000 Winning the Final: €15,500,000", "title": "UEFA Champions League" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The second season of Calle 7 began on Monday, August 3 of 2009. The new competitors were presented, and called \"Challenging Team\", they will team up to compete against the well known \"Team Calle 7\" that includes the first season winner Francisco \"Chapu\" Puelles. The competition system is the same as the one utilized in the first season; On Mondays and Wednesdays, the two teams compete in three events, each worth 100, 200 and 300 points. The winner of those days is saved from competing in elimination, while the loser has to compete among themselves on Tuesdays and Thursdays to elect a nominated team member. The elimination competition is on Fridays, and the loser leaves Calle 7 for ever. This season is formally presented Jean Philippe Cretton as the co-host of Calle 7.", "title": "Calle 7 (season 2)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Holman Hatch Jr (born April 8, 1961) is an American former reality television contestant. In 2000, he won the first season of the CBS reality series Survivor. He was a contestant on a subsequent All - Stars season of Survivor, on one season of Celebrity Apprentice, and on one season of The Biggest Loser.", "title": "Richard Hatch (Survivor contestant)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alison \"Ali\" Vincent is the winner of the of the fitness reality television show \"The Biggest Loser\", which aired in early 2008. Vincent's in-competition weight loss of 112 pounds earned her a $250,000 prize, and the first win by a female of a United States \"The Biggest Loser\" season. Vincent is to be featured as a spokeswoman in print and television advertisements for fitness center chain 24 Hour Fitness, Biggest Loser ProteinG manufactured by Designer Whey and Infinity Insurance.", "title": "Ali Vincent" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser (season 1) is the first season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\", which premiered on October 19, 2004. The show features overweight contestants competing to lose the largest percentage of their body weight and receive the title of 'Biggest Loser,' along with a $250,000 grand prize. The first season featured twelve contestants divided into two teams of six players. The teams were each led by a personal trainer, Bob Harper with the Blue Team and Jillian Michaels with the Red Team. The first season was hosted by Caroline Rhea.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 1)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Seria is a mukim in the Belait District of Brunei. It is about 169 square kilometres in size. It is located in the north-west of the Belait District, bordering the South China Sea to the north, Mukim Liang to the east, Mukim Labi to the south-east, Mukim Kuala Balai to the south and Mukim Kuala Belait to the west. It has over 27,000 residents made up of various races, including Malays and Chinese. There is also a Nepalese community in Seria, made up of members of the British Army's Brigade of Gurkhas. The British Army occupies two camps in Seria since the 1960s, known as the Medicina Lines and the Tuker Lines. As of March 2007, the \"Penghulu\" of \"Mukim\" Seria is Awang Haji Jamail bin Haji Linap who was elected to the office on 12 March 2006.", "title": "Seria, Belait" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Current season, competition or edition: 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Sport Women's Basketball Founded 1982 No. of teams 64 Country NCAA Division I (USA) Most recent champion (s) South Carolina (1st) Most titles Connecticut (11) TV partner (s) ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, WatchESPN Official website NCAA.com", "title": "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.", "title": "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A special tribute to Simon Cowell was presented in the finale for his final season with the show. Many figures from the show's past, including Paula Abdul, made an appearance.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 2003 was the selection for the 43rd song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 42nd time that this system of picking a song had been used. Five semi-finals had taken place to select the ten songs for the final, in Jönköping, Gothenburg, Luleå, Sundsvall and a Second Chance round in Stockholm. The final was broadcast on SVT1 and Sveriges Radio's P4 network. The show was watched by 1,230,751 people.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 2003" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wire Intertitle from season 2 Genre Crime drama Serial drama Created by David Simon Starring see List of The Wire characters Theme music composer Tom Waits Opening theme ``Way Down in the Hole ''by The Blind Boys of Alabama (season 1) Tom Waits (season 2) The Neville Brothers (season 3) DoMaJe (season 4) Steve Earle (season 5) Ending theme`` The Fall'' by Blake Leyh Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 5 No. of episodes 60 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) David Simon Robert F. Colesberry Nina Kostroff Noble Producer (s) Karen L. Thorson Ed Burns Joe Chappelle George Pelecanos Eric Overmyer Location (s) Baltimore, Maryland Camera setup Single - camera Running time 55 -- 60 minutes 93 minutes (series finale) Production company (s) Blown Deadline Productions HBO Distributor Warner Bros. Television HBO Enterprises Release Original network HBO Picture format 480i (4: 3 SDTV) (original broadcast) 1080p (16: 9 HDTV) (2014 remaster) Audio format Dolby Digital 5.1 Original release June 2, 2002 (2002 - 06 - 02) -- March 9, 2008 (2008 - 03 - 09) External links Website", "title": "The Wire" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser (season 2) is the second season of the NBC competitive reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\". The second season premiered on September 13, 2005, and like season one features overweight contestants who compete by trying to lose the most weight. The show is hosted by comedian Caroline Rhea, with Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels joining as the", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 2)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day", "title": "Adult contemporary music" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Randy Marsh and Sharon Marsh (née Kimble) are fictional characters in the animated television series \"South Park\". They are the most prominent set of parents on the show and a middle-class married couple who raise their 10-year-old son Stan and 13-year-old daughter Shelly in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. Their first names are derived from the first names of series co-creator Trey Parker's parents, and Parker describes Randy as \"the biggest dingbat in the entire show\". According to the season 16 episode \"Reverse Cowgirl\", the Marsh home address is 260 Avenidas de los Mexicanos.", "title": "Randy and Sharon Marsh" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The club found it difficult to adjust to the Second Division and were nearly further relegated in the 1937 -- 38 season, when they were spared on goal averages. However, when World War II broke in 1939, Newcastle had a chance to regroup, and in the War period, they brought in Jackie Milburn, Tommy Walker and Bobby Cowell. They were finally promoted back to the First Division at the end of the 1947 -- 48 season. During the 1950s, Newcastle won the FA Cup trophy on three occasions within a five - year period, beating Blackpool in 1951, Arsenal in 1952, and Manchester City in 1955. However, after this last FA Cup victory the club fell back into decline and were relegated to the Second Division once again at the end of the 1960 -- 61 season under the management of Charlie Mitten. Mitten left after one season in the Second Division and was replaced by former player Joe Harvey. Newcastle returned to the First Division at the end of the 1964 -- 65 season after winning the Second Division title. Under Harvey, the club qualified for European competition for the first time after a good run in the 1967 -- 68 season and the following year won the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, triumphing 6 -- 2 over two legs against Hungary's Újpest in the final.", "title": "Newcastle United F.C." } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "NBC", "id": 139862, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Who broadcasted Highway to Heaven?" }, { "answer": "CBS", "id": 2053, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?" }, { "answer": "Oriole Records.", "id": 5289, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "What lable was bought by #2 in the UK?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution.", "title": "Sony Music" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WHKP is a radio station broadcasting at 1450 on the AM dial in Hendersonville, North Carolina. The call letters stand for Where the Heavens Kiss the Peaks.", "title": "WHKP" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clive Hale (1937 – 5 June 2005) was an Australian television news and current affairs presenter on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) for 38 years.", "title": "Clive Hale" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ABC Riverina is an ABC Local Radio station based in Wagga Wagga and broadcasting to the Riverina and Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area regions in New South Wales. This includes the towns and cities of Griffith, Goulburn, Leeton and Hay.", "title": "ABC Riverina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WFFG-FM (100.3 FM), known as \"Froggy 100.3\", is a country music radio station in the United States, licensed to Warrensburg, New York, and owned by Pamal Broadcasting. The station broadcasts 24 hours a day on 100.3 MHz with 1,450 watts effective radiated power from a transmitter located near Black Spruce mountain in the town of Warrensburg, Warren County, New York. (shared with WCKM-FM, WCQL and the former location of WNYQ, now WQSH in the Albany market), and serves the Adirondack Region and the Capital District of New York.", "title": "WFFG-FM" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "PGA Tour on ABC is the \"de facto\" branding used for telecasts of the main professional golf tournaments of the PGA Tour on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network in the United States. ABC broadcast the PGA Tour from 1966 to 2006. From 1962 to 2009, ABC served as the broadcast home of The Open Championship. The British Open on ABC was the longest-running entertainment program in ABC's history and the last-surviving ABC program to debut in the \"circle a\" era. ABC also held the broadcast rights of the US Open from 1966 through 1994. and the PGA Championship from 1965 until 1990.", "title": "PGA Tour on ABC" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The NHL on ABC is the branding formerly used for broadcasts of National Hockey League (NHL) games televised on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The network first broadcast NHL games during the 1992–93 season under a time-buy agreement with ESPN; ABC resumed regular season game telecasts on February 6, 2000, as part of a joint contract with ESPN that also gave ABC the rights to select games from each round of the Stanley Cup playoffs.", "title": "NHL on ABC" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "That Was Then is an American drama series that was broadcast on ABC in 2002. It was cancelled after only two episodes had aired.", "title": "That Was Then" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KVCK (1450 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format to the Wolf Point, Montana, United States, area. The station is owned by WolfTrax Broadcasting, LLC, and features programming from ABC Radio.", "title": "KVCK (AM)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "DXAQ (1404 kHz Davao City) Kingdom Radio was a flagship AM station of ACQ-Kingdom Broadcasting Network in the Philippines. The station's studio is located along Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway, Catitipan in Davao City.", "title": "DXAQ-AM" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sky UK Limited (formerly British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB) is a British telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom. Sky provides television and broadband internet services and fixed line telephone services to consumers and businesses in the United Kingdom. It is the UK's largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015. It was the UK's most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007. Its corporate headquarters are based in Isleworth.", "title": "Sky UK" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cracker Factory is an American television movie directed by Burt Brinckerhoff. The teleplay by Richard Shapiro is based on the best-selling 1977 novel by Joyce Rebeta-Burditt. The film was broadcast by ABC on March 16, 1979.", "title": "The Cracker Factory" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WRNJ (1510 AM) is a radio station in Hackettstown, New Jersey broadcasting an adult contemporary format. The station is owned locally by WRNJ Radio, Inc. and features programing from ABC News Radio.", "title": "WRNJ" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ABC World News Tonight (titled as ABC World News Tonight with David Muir for its weeknight broadcasts since September 2014 and simply ABC World News Tonight for its weekend broadcasts) is the flagship daily evening television news program of ABC News, the news division of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network in the United States. Since 2014, the program's weekday broadcasts have been anchored by David Muir. Cecilia Vega and Tom Llamas rotated as anchors of the Saturday editions and Sunday editions until Llamas was named sole weekend anchor in January 2017.", "title": "ABC World News Tonight" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The thirteenth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 22, 2016, in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and consisted of 24 episodes. The season was ordered on March 3, 2016, along with ABC's other shows. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 13)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Highway to Heaven is an American television drama series that ran on NBC from 1984 to 1989. The series aired for five seasons, running a total of 111 episodes. The series starred Michael Landon as Jonathan Smith, and Victor French—-Landon's co-star from \"Little House on the Prairie\"-—as Mark Gordon. Jonathan is an angel who has been stripped of his wings and is now \"on probation\", sent to Earth. He meets Mark, a retired policeman now bouncing from job to job. At first distrustful of Jonathan, Mark comes to realize his true nature and is then given a job: to assist Jonathan in helping troubled people on Earth. Jonathan and Mark are given assignments by \"The Boss\" (i.e. God), where they are required to use their humanity to help various troubled souls overcome their problems.", "title": "Highway to Heaven" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Better Living TV Theater was an early American television program originally broadcast on ABC and later on the now defunct DuMont Television Network. The documentary series, featuring moderator Fischer Black, ran from 1953 to 1954. The ABC version was a summer replacement series which aired on Sunday afternoons. The final ABC broadcast occurred on August 16, 1953.", "title": "Better Living TV Theater" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "999 ABC Broken Hill is an ABC Local Radio station based in Broken Hill and broadcasting to the surrounding outback region in New South Wales, including the towns of Menindee, White Cliffs and Silverton.", "title": "999 ABC Broken Hill" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WHVW (950 AM) is a radio station licensed to Hyde Park, New York that is noted for its eclectic format based on old-fashioned blues, jazz, country and Americana music. In a time of corporate ownership of broadcast outlets, it is also one of only three Hudson Valley radio stations that are independently owned - the other two being WTBQ in Warwick and WDST in Woodstock. WHVW broadcasts on 950 kHz with a power of 500 watts daytime and 57 watts nighttime from a tower located off Route 9G in the Town of Hyde Park. Its studios are located at 316 Main Street in Poughkeepsie, New York.", "title": "WHVW" } ]

[ "Oriole Records" ]

[ { "answer": "Brunei", "id": 377943, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Labu >> country" }, { "answer": "NBC", "id": 650651, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "The Biggest Loser #1 (season 3): The Final Chance >> creator" }, { "answer": "Walter Sabo", "id": 7262, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Who was a prominent figure at #2 's radio division?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wire Intertitle from season 2 Genre Crime drama Serial drama Created by David Simon Starring see List of The Wire characters Theme music composer Tom Waits Opening theme ``Way Down in the Hole ''by The Blind Boys of Alabama (season 1) Tom Waits (season 2) The Neville Brothers (season 3) DoMaJe (season 4) Steve Earle (season 5) Ending theme`` The Fall'' by Blake Leyh Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 5 No. of episodes 60 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) David Simon Robert F. Colesberry Nina Kostroff Noble Producer (s) Karen L. Thorson Ed Burns Joe Chappelle George Pelecanos Eric Overmyer Location (s) Baltimore, Maryland Camera setup Single - camera Running time 55 -- 60 minutes 93 minutes (series finale) Production company (s) Blown Deadline Productions HBO Distributor Warner Bros. Television HBO Enterprises Release Original network HBO Picture format 480i (4: 3 SDTV) (original broadcast) 1080p (16: 9 HDTV) (2014 remaster) Audio format Dolby Digital 5.1 Original release June 2, 2002 (2002 - 06 - 02) -- March 9, 2008 (2008 - 03 - 09) External links Website", "title": "The Wire" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of The Biggest Loser which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC. Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show. There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom. This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists. The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 16)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1932 Albanian First Division is the second season of the second tier of football in Albania. The league was played between April and May 1932 and it was divided into 3 groups, Group A being an exhibition tournament and the winners of Group B and C played each other in the final. The final was played between SK Kavajë and SK Vlorë, which was won by SK Kavajë 3-1 to be crowned champions.", "title": "1932 Albanian First Division" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alison \"Ali\" Vincent is the winner of the of the fitness reality television show \"The Biggest Loser\", which aired in early 2008. Vincent's in-competition weight loss of 112 pounds earned her a $250,000 prize, and the first win by a female of a United States \"The Biggest Loser\" season. Vincent is to be featured as a spokeswoman in print and television advertisements for fitness center chain 24 Hour Fitness, Biggest Loser ProteinG manufactured by Designer Whey and Infinity Insurance.", "title": "Ali Vincent" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The club found it difficult to adjust to the Second Division and were nearly further relegated in the 1937 -- 38 season, when they were spared on goal averages. However, when World War II broke in 1939, Newcastle had a chance to regroup, and in the War period, they brought in Jackie Milburn, Tommy Walker and Bobby Cowell. They were finally promoted back to the First Division at the end of the 1947 -- 48 season. During the 1950s, Newcastle won the FA Cup trophy on three occasions within a five - year period, beating Blackpool in 1951, Arsenal in 1952, and Manchester City in 1955. However, after this last FA Cup victory the club fell back into decline and were relegated to the Second Division once again at the end of the 1960 -- 61 season under the management of Charlie Mitten. Mitten left after one season in the Second Division and was replaced by former player Joe Harvey. Newcastle returned to the First Division at the end of the 1964 -- 65 season after winning the Second Division title. Under Harvey, the club qualified for European competition for the first time after a good run in the 1967 -- 68 season and the following year won the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, triumphing 6 -- 2 over two legs against Hungary's Újpest in the final.", "title": "Newcastle United F.C." }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Randy Marsh and Sharon Marsh (née Kimble) are fictional characters in the animated television series \"South Park\". They are the most prominent set of parents on the show and a middle-class married couple who raise their 10-year-old son Stan and 13-year-old daughter Shelly in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. Their first names are derived from the first names of series co-creator Trey Parker's parents, and Parker describes Randy as \"the biggest dingbat in the entire show\". According to the season 16 episode \"Reverse Cowgirl\", the Marsh home address is 260 Avenidas de los Mexicanos.", "title": "Randy and Sharon Marsh" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser (season 2) is the second season of the NBC competitive reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\". The second season premiered on September 13, 2005, and like season one features overweight contestants who compete by trying to lose the most weight. The show is hosted by comedian Caroline Rhea, with Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels joining as the", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 2)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United had finished third in the First Division that season, and were strong favourites, while unfancied Southampton had finished sixth in the Second Division. In one of the biggest shocks in the history of the final, Southampton won 1 -- 0 through an 83rd - minute goal from Bobby Stokes. It was the first time Southampton won a major trophy.", "title": "1976 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.", "title": "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Labu dan Labi (Labu and Labi) is a 1962 Singaporean buddy comedy film directed by and starring P. Ramlee. The movie was filmed in Singapore and it revolves around the antics of Labu and Labi, two servants with wild imaginations who work in the house of a wealthy but miserly man, Haji Bakhil bin Haji Kedekut. The movie is filmed in the style of a stage pantomime, with over-the-top comedy and featuring the characters occasionally talking directly to the audience. The film's sequel is \"Nasib Si Labu Labi\" (\"The Fate of Labu and Labi\" or \"What Happened to Labu and Labi\").", "title": "Labu dan Labi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser: Couples is the fifth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\". The fifth season premiered on January 1, 2008 with ten overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000. This season featured Alison Sweeney as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels; all three returning from season four.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 5)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 2003 was the selection for the 43rd song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 42nd time that this system of picking a song had been used. Five semi-finals had taken place to select the ten songs for the final, in Jönköping, Gothenburg, Luleå, Sundsvall and a Second Chance round in Stockholm. The final was broadcast on SVT1 and Sveriges Radio's P4 network. The show was watched by 1,230,751 people.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 2003" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winners & Losers is an Australian television drama series first broadcast on the Seven Network on 22 March 2011. It was created by the producers of \"Packed to the Rafters\" and is aired in the show's former time slot. \"Winners & Losers\" focuses on the lives of four women living in Melbourne, after they win a large amount of money in the Oz Lotto. Seven renewed \"Winners & Losers\" for a second season in July 2011 and it began airing from 26 June 2012. Two months later, it was announced the series had been renewed for a third season. A fourth season was confirmed on 19 December 2013. A fifth season was confirmed on 3 December 2014.", "title": "Winners & Losers" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First qualifying round: €220,000 Second qualifying round: €320,000 Losers third qualifying round: €420,000 Losers play - off round: €3,000,000 Winners play - off round: €2,000,000 Base fee for group stage: €12,700,000 Group match victory: €1,500,000 Group match draw: €500,000 Round of 16: €6,000,000 Quarter - finals: €6,500,000 Semi-finals: €7,500,000 Losing finalist: €11,000,000 Winning the Final: €15,500,000", "title": "UEFA Champions League" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser (season 1) is the first season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\", which premiered on October 19, 2004. The show features overweight contestants competing to lose the largest percentage of their body weight and receive the title of 'Biggest Loser,' along with a $250,000 grand prize. The first season featured twelve contestants divided into two teams of six players. The teams were each led by a personal trainer, Bob Harper with the Blue Team and Jillian Michaels with the Red Team. The first season was hosted by Caroline Rhea.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 1)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Labu is a mukim in the Temburong District of Brunei. It is located in the north of the Temburong District bordering Brunei Bay to the north, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the east, Mukim Batu Apoi to the south, Mukim Bangar to the south-west and Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the west. Mukim Labu contains several islands: Pulau Selirong, Pulau Selanjak, Pulau Siarau and Pulau Pituat. Labu has a total area of ; as of 2016, Labu had a total population of 599.", "title": "Labu, Temburong" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Holman Hatch Jr (born April 8, 1961) is an American former reality television contestant. In 2000, he won the first season of the CBS reality series Survivor. He was a contestant on a subsequent All - Stars season of Survivor, on one season of Celebrity Apprentice, and on one season of The Biggest Loser.", "title": "Richard Hatch (Survivor contestant)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day", "title": "Adult contemporary music" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Karşıyaka Cemetery () is a modern burial ground located at İvedik neighborhood in Yenimahalle district of Ankara, Turkey. Administered by the Metropolitan Municipality, it is the biggest cemetery in Ankara. Many prominent figures from the world of politics, business, sports and arts rest here.", "title": "Karşıyaka Cemetery" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Current season, competition or edition: 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Sport Women's Basketball Founded 1982 No. of teams 64 Country NCAA Division I (USA) Most recent champion (s) South Carolina (1st) Most titles Connecticut (11) TV partner (s) ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, WatchESPN Official website NCAA.com", "title": "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Brunei", "id": 174833, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Lumapas >> country" }, { "answer": "NBC", "id": 650651, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "The Biggest Loser #1 (season 3): The Final Chance >> creator" }, { "answer": "Walter Sabo", "id": 7262, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Who was a prominent figure at #2 's radio division?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.", "title": "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Randy Marsh and Sharon Marsh (née Kimble) are fictional characters in the animated television series \"South Park\". They are the most prominent set of parents on the show and a middle-class married couple who raise their 10-year-old son Stan and 13-year-old daughter Shelly in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. Their first names are derived from the first names of series co-creator Trey Parker's parents, and Parker describes Randy as \"the biggest dingbat in the entire show\". According to the season 16 episode \"Reverse Cowgirl\", the Marsh home address is 260 Avenidas de los Mexicanos.", "title": "Randy and Sharon Marsh" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winners & Losers is an Australian television drama series first broadcast on the Seven Network on 22 March 2011. It was created by the producers of \"Packed to the Rafters\" and is aired in the show's former time slot. \"Winners & Losers\" focuses on the lives of four women living in Melbourne, after they win a large amount of money in the Oz Lotto. Seven renewed \"Winners & Losers\" for a second season in July 2011 and it began airing from 26 June 2012. Two months later, it was announced the series had been renewed for a third season. A fourth season was confirmed on 19 December 2013. A fifth season was confirmed on 3 December 2014.", "title": "Winners & Losers" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lumapas is a mukim in the Brunei-Muara district of Brunei. It is located in the south of the Brunei-Muara district, bordering the water village mukims and Mukim Kianggeh to the north, Mukim Kota Batu and Pulau Berambang (Kota Batu) to the north and east, Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the east and south, Mukim Pengkalan Batu to the west and Mukim Kilanas to the west and north.", "title": "Lumapas, Brunei-Muara" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1932 Albanian First Division is the second season of the second tier of football in Albania. The league was played between April and May 1932 and it was divided into 3 groups, Group A being an exhibition tournament and the winners of Group B and C played each other in the final. The final was played between SK Kavajë and SK Vlorë, which was won by SK Kavajë 3-1 to be crowned champions.", "title": "1932 Albanian First Division" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser: Couples is the fifth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\". The fifth season premiered on January 1, 2008 with ten overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000. This season featured Alison Sweeney as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels; all three returning from season four.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 5)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A special tribute to Simon Cowell was presented in the finale for his final season with the show. Many figures from the show's past, including Paula Abdul, made an appearance.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnny Dare (born John William Caprefoli) is an American radio personality. He is host of \"The Johnny Dare Morning Show\" the morning show for 98.9 The Rock in Kansas City, Missouri. He is one of the station's more prominent figures, and hosts the station's annual concert festival, Rockfest, which has grown to become the biggest one-day concert event in the country.", "title": "Johnny Dare" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The second season of Calle 7 began on Monday, August 3 of 2009. The new competitors were presented, and called \"Challenging Team\", they will team up to compete against the well known \"Team Calle 7\" that includes the first season winner Francisco \"Chapu\" Puelles. The competition system is the same as the one utilized in the first season; On Mondays and Wednesdays, the two teams compete in three events, each worth 100, 200 and 300 points. The winner of those days is saved from competing in elimination, while the loser has to compete among themselves on Tuesdays and Thursdays to elect a nominated team member. The elimination competition is on Fridays, and the loser leaves Calle 7 for ever. This season is formally presented Jean Philippe Cretton as the co-host of Calle 7.", "title": "Calle 7 (season 2)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Current season, competition or edition: 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Sport Women's Basketball Founded 1982 No. of teams 64 Country NCAA Division I (USA) Most recent champion (s) South Carolina (1st) Most titles Connecticut (11) TV partner (s) ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, WatchESPN Official website NCAA.com", "title": "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of The Biggest Loser which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC. Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show. There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom. This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists. The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 16)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Broken ''was co-written by co-creators Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz, while being directed by V veteran Ralph Hemecker. With the curse broken in the first season finale, the writers felt that they could now go farther with each of the characters. In an attempt to instill a`` whole different vibe'' into the series, they envisioned a larger ambition than the previous season. Horowitz explained, ``We have been allowed to do more at the start of the (season). Without addressing the budget, everybody at the studio is on board with this as a big - canvas show... A lot of it actually is the learning - curve aspect of season 1, where we figured out what we can do and how to do it well. We learned how to maximize our bang for our buck. The biggest key is time. If we can figure out our stories far enough in advance, the more time our effects team and department heads will have. ''", "title": "Broken (Once Upon a Time)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Karşıyaka Cemetery () is a modern burial ground located at İvedik neighborhood in Yenimahalle district of Ankara, Turkey. Administered by the Metropolitan Municipality, it is the biggest cemetery in Ankara. Many prominent figures from the world of politics, business, sports and arts rest here.", "title": "Karşıyaka Cemetery" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alison \"Ali\" Vincent is the winner of the of the fitness reality television show \"The Biggest Loser\", which aired in early 2008. Vincent's in-competition weight loss of 112 pounds earned her a $250,000 prize, and the first win by a female of a United States \"The Biggest Loser\" season. Vincent is to be featured as a spokeswoman in print and television advertisements for fitness center chain 24 Hour Fitness, Biggest Loser ProteinG manufactured by Designer Whey and Infinity Insurance.", "title": "Ali Vincent" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser (season 1) is the first season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\", which premiered on October 19, 2004. The show features overweight contestants competing to lose the largest percentage of their body weight and receive the title of 'Biggest Loser,' along with a $250,000 grand prize. The first season featured twelve contestants divided into two teams of six players. The teams were each led by a personal trainer, Bob Harper with the Blue Team and Jillian Michaels with the Red Team. The first season was hosted by Caroline Rhea.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 1)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 2003 was the selection for the 43rd song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 42nd time that this system of picking a song had been used. Five semi-finals had taken place to select the ten songs for the final, in Jönköping, Gothenburg, Luleå, Sundsvall and a Second Chance round in Stockholm. The final was broadcast on SVT1 and Sveriges Radio's P4 network. The show was watched by 1,230,751 people.", "title": "Melodifestivalen 2003" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First qualifying round: €220,000 Second qualifying round: €320,000 Losers third qualifying round: €420,000 Losers play - off round: €3,000,000 Winners play - off round: €2,000,000 Base fee for group stage: €12,700,000 Group match victory: €1,500,000 Group match draw: €500,000 Round of 16: €6,000,000 Quarter - finals: €6,500,000 Semi-finals: €7,500,000 Losing finalist: €11,000,000 Winning the Final: €15,500,000", "title": "UEFA Champions League" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Holman Hatch Jr (born April 8, 1961) is an American former reality television contestant. In 2000, he won the first season of the CBS reality series Survivor. He was a contestant on a subsequent All - Stars season of Survivor, on one season of Celebrity Apprentice, and on one season of The Biggest Loser.", "title": "Richard Hatch (Survivor contestant)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The club found it difficult to adjust to the Second Division and were nearly further relegated in the 1937 -- 38 season, when they were spared on goal averages. However, when World War II broke in 1939, Newcastle had a chance to regroup, and in the War period, they brought in Jackie Milburn, Tommy Walker and Bobby Cowell. They were finally promoted back to the First Division at the end of the 1947 -- 48 season. During the 1950s, Newcastle won the FA Cup trophy on three occasions within a five - year period, beating Blackpool in 1951, Arsenal in 1952, and Manchester City in 1955. However, after this last FA Cup victory the club fell back into decline and were relegated to the Second Division once again at the end of the 1960 -- 61 season under the management of Charlie Mitten. Mitten left after one season in the Second Division and was replaced by former player Joe Harvey. Newcastle returned to the First Division at the end of the 1964 -- 65 season after winning the Second Division title. Under Harvey, the club qualified for European competition for the first time after a good run in the 1967 -- 68 season and the following year won the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, triumphing 6 -- 2 over two legs against Hungary's Újpest in the final.", "title": "Newcastle United F.C." }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day", "title": "Adult contemporary music" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "East Germany", "id": 102087, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Of which country is Bernd Baumgart a citizen?" }, { "answer": "German Democratic Republic", "id": 214799, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Literature of #1 >> country" }, { "answer": "GDR", "id": 259594, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Border Troops of #2 >> country" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bernd Baumgart (born 3 July 1955) is a German rower who competed for East Germany in the 1976 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Bernd Baumgart" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans.", "title": "Zacuscă" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf.", "title": "Heinz-Josef Große" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany.", "title": "Literature of East Germany" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products.", "title": "Smoking age" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "FGM was outlawed in the UK by the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985, which made it an offence to perform FGM on children or adults. The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 made it an offence to arrange FGM outside the country for British citizens or permanent residents, whether or not it is lawful in the country to which the girl is taken.", "title": "Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of New Zealand. As of 1 January 2017, New Zealand citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the New Zealand passport 5th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Irish and Japanese passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index.", "title": "Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sister Cities International (SCI) is a nonprofit citizen diplomacy network that creates and strengthens partnerships between communities in the United States and those in other countries, particularly through the establishment of \"sister cities\". More than 2,000 cities, states and counties are partnered in over 140 countries around the world. The organization \"strives to build global cooperation at the municipal level, promote cultural understanding and stimulate economic development\".", "title": "Sister Cities International" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.", "title": "Togo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands.", "title": "North Korea" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In January 1790, Burke read Dr. Richard Price's sermon of 4 November 1789 entitled, A Discourse on the Love of our Country, to the Revolution Society. That society had been founded to commemorate the Glorious Revolution of 1688. In this sermon Price espoused the philosophy of universal \"Rights of Men\". Price argued that love of our country \"does not imply any conviction of the superior value of it to other countries, or any particular preference of its laws and constitution of government\". Instead, Price asserted that Englishmen should see themselves \"more as citizens of the world than as members of any particular community\".", "title": "Edmund Burke" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\".", "title": "Cascade City" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turkey is situated in Anatolia (97%) and the Balkans (3%), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates of the country lie at: 39°00′N 35°00′E", "title": "Geography of Turkey" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty.", "title": "French passport" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west; Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At , Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world. It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe.", "title": "Geography of Sweden" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa.", "title": "Canada" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section).", "title": "Liechtenstein" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Spain" } ]

[ "German Democratic Republic", "East Germany" ]

[ { "answer": "East Germany", "id": 103180, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What country was Wilfried Gröbner in?" }, { "answer": "German Democratic Republic", "id": 214799, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Literature of #1 >> country" }, { "answer": "GDR", "id": 259594, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Border Troops of #2 >> country" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Danube was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire, and today flows through 10 countries, more than any other river in the world. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , passing through or bordering Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine before draining into the Black Sea. Its drainage basin extends into nine more countries.", "title": "Danube" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Sunshine is an album by Country music singer, Dottie West (released in 1973) based on the successful commercial/Country song of \"Country Sunshine\".", "title": "Country Sunshine (Dottie West album)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España (esˈpaɲa) (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagoes, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities, Ceuta and Melilla, in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.", "title": "Spain" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turkey is situated in Anatolia (97%) and the Balkans (3%), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates of the country lie at: 39°00′N 35°00′E", "title": "Geography of Turkey" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands.", "title": "North Korea" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metal Leading Producer Second Leading Producer Complete list Aluminium China Russia List of countries by aluminium production Bauxite Australia China List of countries by bauxite production Bismuth China Mexico List of countries by bismuth production Copper Chile China List of countries by copper production Gold China Australia List of countries by gold production Iron ore Australia Brazil List of countries by iron ore production Lithium Australia Chile List of countries by lithium production Manganese South Africa Australia List of countries by manganese production Mercury China Mexico List of countries by mercury production Mica China Russia List of countries by mica production Nickel Philippines Russia List of countries by nickel production Niobium Brazil Canada List of countries by niobium production Palladium Russia South Africa List of countries by palladium production Platinum South Africa Russia List of countries by platinum production Silver Mexico China List of countries by silver production Tin China Indonesia List of countries by tin production Titanium Australia South Africa (tied) List of countries by titanium production Zinc China Australia List of countries by zinc production", "title": "Lists of countries by mineral production" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops. Thailand has been treated by the United States in the same way as such other Axis-occupied countries as Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands.", "title": "Pacific War" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo ( , ), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic, West Congo, ROC or simply the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to its west; Cameroon to its northwest and the Central African Republic to its northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southeast and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to its south; and the Atlantic Ocean to its southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\".", "title": "Cascade City" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Spain" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf.", "title": "Heinz-Josef Große" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.", "title": "Togo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 1353, adopted unanimously on 13 June 2001, after recalling resolutions 1318 (2000) and 1327 (2000), the Council agreed on proposals to strengthen the relationship of the United Nations with troop-contributing countries and the Secretariat in peacekeeping operations.", "title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1353" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa.", "title": "Canada" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans.", "title": "Zacuscă" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as the Congo - Brazzaville, the Congo Republic, West Congo, the former French Congo, or simply the Congo, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon and the Atlantic Ocean to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west; Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At , Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world. It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe.", "title": "Geography of Sweden" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section).", "title": "Liechtenstein" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wilfried Gröbner (born 18 December 1949) is a German former footballer and coach who was part of East Germany's gold medal-winning team at the 1976 Olympics.", "title": "Wilfried Gröbner" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany.", "title": "Literature of East Germany" } ]

[ "German Democratic Republic", "East Germany" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 131783, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Which state is The Minikahda Club located?" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "Treaty of Paris", "id": 13165, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Washington (/ ˈwɒʃɪŋtən / (listen)) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Named after George Washington, the first President of the United States, the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory, which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the capital of the U.S., which is often shortened to Washington.", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the \"Treaty of Cahuenga\" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was \"for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco,\" and the Mexican-American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, so as to include the entire bay within the United States.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The province of Kanije was established in 1600 after the town of Kanije was captured from Habsburgs. This newly conquered area was joined with territory of Zigetvar Province, which was formed in 1596 from some sanjaks of Budin Province (which had been expanded as a result of the Ottoman territorial gains during the Long War) and Bosnia Province. The Kanije Eyalet existed until the capture of Kanije by Habsburg Monarchy in 1690. It was formally ceded to Habsburg Monarchy by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699.", "title": "Kanije Eyalet" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Territory South of the River Ohio, more commonly known as the Southwest Territory, was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1790, until June 1, 1796, when it was admitted to the United States as the State of Tennessee. The Southwest Territory was created by the Southwest Ordinance from lands of the Washington District that had been ceded to the U.S. federal government by North Carolina. The territory's lone governor was William Blount.", "title": "Southwest Territory" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elliott Bay is a part of the Central Basin region of Puget Sound in the U.S. state of Washington that extends southeastward between West Point in the north and Alki Point in the south. Seattle was founded on this body of water in the 1850s and has since grown to encompass it completely. The waterway it provides to the Pacific Ocean has served as a key element of the city's economy, enabling the Port of Seattle to become one of the busiest ports in the United States.", "title": "Elliott Bay" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.", "title": "Military history of the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "title": "Louisiana Purchase" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo - French conflict. France ceded to Great Britain its territory east of the Mississippi. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.", "title": "French and Indian War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the British made peace with the Americans in the Treaty of Paris (1783), they ceded a vast amount of Native American territory (without the consent of the indigenous peoples) to the United States. The United States treated the Native Americans who had fought with the British as enemy allies, a conquered people who had lost their land. The federal government of the United States was eager to expand, and the national government did so by purchasing Native American land in treaties and through warfare.", "title": "American Indian Wars" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Minikahda Club is a golf club and course located in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota, just west of Lake Calhoun. The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.", "title": "The Minikahda Club" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Cession of Manuʻa, also known as the Deed of Cession of Manuʻa, was a treaty between Tui Manuʻa Elisala and the United States signed on 16 July 1904 that ceded the islands of Manuʻa to the United States, which now forms part of American Samoa. It was ratified by the United States Congress by the Ratification Act of 1929.", "title": "Treaty of Cession of Manu'a" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Río Rico is a town located along the Rio Grande river in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is notable for its partial occupation of the Horcón Tract, a piece of land ceded by the United States to Mexico in 1977 under the terms of the Boundary Treaty of 1970.", "title": "Río Rico, Tamaulipas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raghunathrao, unwilling to give up his position of power, sought help from the British at Bombay and signed the Treaty of Surat on 6 March 1775. According to the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts. In return, the British promised to provide Raghunathrao with 2,500 soldiers.", "title": "First Anglo-Maratha War" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. It had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic of Texas, though the Texas annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified the southern and western boundary of Texas. The Mexican Cession (529,000 sq. miles) was the third largest acquisition of territory in US history. The largest was the Louisiana Purchase, with some 827,000 sq. miles, followed by the acquisition of Alaska (about 586,000 sq. miles).", "title": "Mexican Cession" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mexican Cession is the region in the modern - day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican -- American War. This region had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic of Texas, though the Texas annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified the southern and western boundary of the new State of Texas. The Mexican Cession (529,000 sq. miles) was the third largest acquisition of territory in US history. The largest was the Louisiana Purchase, with some 827,000 sq. miles (including land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces), followed by the acquisition of Alaska (about 586,000 sq. miles).", "title": "Mexican Cession" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "title": "Vatican City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1798, Spain revoked the treaty allowing American use of New Orleans, greatly upsetting Americans. In 1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo took over from the Marquess of Casa Calvo, and restored the American right to deposit goods. However, in 1800 Spain had ceded the Louisiana territory back to France as part of Napoleon's secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. The territory nominally remained under Spanish control, until a transfer of power to France on 30 November 1803, just three weeks before the formal cession of the territory to the United States on 20 December 1803. A further ceremony was held in St. Louis a few months later partially due to winter conditions impeding the arrival of news, Upper Louisiana, regarding the New Orleans formalities. The 9 -- 10 March 1804 event is remembered as Three Flags Day.", "title": "Louisiana Purchase" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territorial waters or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low - water mark) of a coastal state. The territorial sea is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, although foreign ships (civilian) are allowed innocent passage through it, or transit passage for straits; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below. Adjustment of these boundaries is called, in international law, maritime delimitation.", "title": "Territorial waters" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 131783, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Which state is The Minikahda Club located?" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "at the city of Cairo, Illinois", "id": 90707, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "where does #2 and ohio river meet" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Claridon is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Ohio, United States. Claridon is located on Ohio State Route 95, east of Marion, between Marion and Mt. Gilead. The community is served by River Valley Local School District.", "title": "Claridon, Marion County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hocking River (formerly the Hockhocking River) is a right tributary of the Ohio River in southeastern Ohio in the United States.", "title": "Hocking River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bras d'Or Yacht Club is a yacht club in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. It is located on its namesake body of water, the Bras d'Or Lakes. The club was founded in 1904. Among its founding members were Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, H. Percy Blanchard and Arthur Williams McCurdy. The clubhouse was constructed in 1913. Longtime member J.A. McCurdy, while serving as Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, donated the McCurdy Cup to the club. This cup serves as the club championship. Alexander Graham Bell frequently attended club functions and even composed a song about it.", "title": "Bras d'Or Yacht Club" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is now owned by the West View Water Authority and is used primarily to pump water from the Ohio River, which then goes on to be purified and is used by the surrounding communities for drinking.", "title": "Davis Island Lock and Dam Site" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Minikahda Club is a golf club and course located in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota, just west of Lake Calhoun. The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.", "title": "The Minikahda Club" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.", "title": "Ekulu River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Portsmouth is an unincorporated community in Greenup County, Kentucky, United States. South Portsmouth is located on the Ohio River across from Portsmouth, Ohio and west of South Shore, Kentucky. Kentucky Route 8 passes through the community.", "title": "South Portsmouth, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kentucky River is a tributary of the Ohio River, long, in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. The river and its tributaries drain much of the central region of the state, with its upper course passing through the coal-mining regions of the Cumberland Mountains, and its lower course passing through the Bluegrass region in the north central part of the state. Its watershed encompasses about . It supplies drinking water to about one-sixth of the population of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.", "title": "Kentucky River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound.", "title": "Mamaroneck River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vevay ( ) is a town located in Jefferson Township, Switzerland County, Indiana, United States, along the Ohio River. It is the county seat of Switzerland County. The population was 1,683 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Vevay, Indiana" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "title": "Contoocook Lake" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix opened Kentucky to colonial settlement and established the Ohio River as a southern boundary for American Indian territory. In 1774, the Quebec Act restored the land east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River to Quebec, in effect making the Ohio the southern boundary of Canada. This appeased the Canadien British subjects but angered the Thirteen Colonies. Lord Dunmore's War south of the Ohio river also contributed to giving the land north to Quebec to stop further encroachment of the British colonials on native land. During the American Revolution, in 1776 the British military engineer John Montrésor created a map of the river showing the strategic location of Fort Pitt, including specific navigational information about the Ohio River's rapids and tributaries in that area. However, the Treaty of Paris (1783) gave the entire Ohio Valley to the United States.", "title": "Ohio River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, or simply Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, or PYM, is the central organizing body for Quaker meetings in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, area.", "title": "Philadelphia Yearly Meeting" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The river then follows a roughly southwest and then west - northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west - southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the northern borders of West Virginia and Kentucky; and the southern borders of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, until it joins the Mississippi River at the city of Cairo, Illinois.", "title": "Ohio River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kirtley is an unincorporated community in Ohio County, Kentucky, United States. Kirtley is located near the Green River in western Ohio County, west-northwest of Centertown.", "title": "Kirtley, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Allegheny River (/ ˌæləˈɡeɪni / AL - ə - GAY - nee) is a principal tributary of the Ohio River; it is located in the Eastern United States. The Allegheny River joins with the Monongahela River to form the Ohio River at the ``Point ''of Point State Park in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Allegheny River is, by volume, the main headstream of the Ohio River.", "title": "Allegheny River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Conway is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, located along the Ohio River. At the 2010 census, the borough had a total population of 2,176.", "title": "Conway, Pennsylvania" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 79039, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "where is the home of the juicy lucy" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "Treaty of Paris", "id": 13165, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. It had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic of Texas, though the Texas annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified the southern and western boundary of Texas. The Mexican Cession (529,000 sq. miles) was the third largest acquisition of territory in US history. The largest was the Louisiana Purchase, with some 827,000 sq. miles, followed by the acquisition of Alaska (about 586,000 sq. miles).", "title": "Mexican Cession" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "title": "Louisiana Purchase" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the British made peace with the Americans in the Treaty of Paris (1783), they ceded a vast amount of Native American territory (without the consent of the indigenous peoples) to the United States. The United States treated the Native Americans who had fought with the British as enemy allies, a conquered people who had lost their land. The federal government of the United States was eager to expand, and the national government did so by purchasing Native American land in treaties and through warfare.", "title": "American Indian Wars" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the \"Treaty of Cahuenga\" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was \"for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco,\" and the Mexican-American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, so as to include the entire bay within the United States.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, German and Soviet troops divided the territory of Poland. Thus, Eastern Galicia and Volhynia with their Ukrainian population became part of Ukraine. For the first time in history, the nation was united.In 1940, the Soviets annexed Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. The Ukrainian SSR incorporated the northern and southern districts of Bessarabia, northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region. But it ceded the western part of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the newly created Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. These territorial gains of the USSR were internationally recognized by the Paris peace treaties of 1947.", "title": "Ukraine" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The province of Kanije was established in 1600 after the town of Kanije was captured from Habsburgs. This newly conquered area was joined with territory of Zigetvar Province, which was formed in 1596 from some sanjaks of Budin Province (which had been expanded as a result of the Ottoman territorial gains during the Long War) and Bosnia Province. The Kanije Eyalet existed until the capture of Kanije by Habsburg Monarchy in 1690. It was formally ceded to Habsburg Monarchy by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699.", "title": "Kanije Eyalet" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On July 25, 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, the U.S. invaded Puerto Rico with a landing at Guánica. As an outcome of the war, Spain ceded Puerto Rico, along with the Philippines and Guam, then under Spanish sovereignty, to the U.S. under the Treaty of Paris, which went into effect on April 11, 1899. Spain relinquished sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede it to the U.S.", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Swedish Livonia () was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1629 until 1721. The territory, which constituted the southern part of modern Estonia (including the island of Ösel ceded by Denmark after the Treaty of Brömsebro) and the northern part of modern Latvia (the Vidzeme region), represented the conquest of the major part of the Polish-Lithuanian Duchy of Livonia during the 1600–1629 Polish-Swedish War. Parts of Livonia and the city of Riga were under Swedish control as early as 1621 and the situation was formalized in Truce of Altmark 1629, but the whole territory was not ceded formally until the Treaty of Oliva in 1660. The minority part of the Wenden Voivodeship retained by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was renamed the Inflanty Voivodeship (\"\"Livonian Principality\"\"), which today corresponds to the Latgale region of Latvia.", "title": "Swedish Livonia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Date April 19, 1775 -- September 3, 1783 (8 years, 4 months and 15 days) Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 (9 years and 23 days) Location Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean Result Allied victory: Peace of Paris British recognition of American independence End of the First British Empire British retention of Canada and Gibraltar Territorial changes Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Great Britain", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elliott Bay is a part of the Central Basin region of Puget Sound in the U.S. state of Washington that extends southeastward between West Point in the north and Alki Point in the south. Seattle was founded on this body of water in the 1850s and has since grown to encompass it completely. The waterway it provides to the Pacific Ocean has served as a key element of the city's economy, enabling the Port of Seattle to become one of the busiest ports in the United States.", "title": "Elliott Bay" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territorial waters or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low - water mark) of a coastal state. The territorial sea is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, although foreign ships (civilian) are allowed innocent passage through it, or transit passage for straits; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below. Adjustment of these boundaries is called, in international law, maritime delimitation.", "title": "Territorial waters" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Cession of Manuʻa, also known as the Deed of Cession of Manuʻa, was a treaty between Tui Manuʻa Elisala and the United States signed on 16 July 1904 that ceded the islands of Manuʻa to the United States, which now forms part of American Samoa. It was ratified by the United States Congress by the Ratification Act of 1929.", "title": "Treaty of Cession of Manu'a" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Washington (/ ˈwɒʃɪŋtən / (listen)) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Named after George Washington, the first President of the United States, the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory, which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the capital of the U.S., which is often shortened to Washington.", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo - French conflict. France ceded to Great Britain its territory east of the Mississippi. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.", "title": "French and Indian War" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.", "title": "Military history of the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raghunathrao, unwilling to give up his position of power, sought help from the British at Bombay and signed the Treaty of Surat on 6 March 1775. According to the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts. In return, the British promised to provide Raghunathrao with 2,500 soldiers.", "title": "First Anglo-Maratha War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Jucy Lucy (sic) or Juicy Lucy is a cheeseburger that has the cheese inside the meat patty instead of on top, resulting in a melted core of cheese within the patty. Two bars in Minneapolis claim to be the inventor of the burger, though other bars and restaurants have created their own interpretations on the style.", "title": "Jucy Lucy" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "East Germany", "id": 103254, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What is Ilona Richter's country of citizenship?" }, { "answer": "German Democratic Republic", "id": 214799, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Literature of #1 >> country" }, { "answer": "GDR", "id": 259594, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Border Troops of #2 >> country" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Sunshine is an album by Country music singer, Dottie West (released in 1973) based on the successful commercial/Country song of \"Country Sunshine\".", "title": "Country Sunshine (Dottie West album)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf.", "title": "Heinz-Josef Große" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ivo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and got citizenship two years later.", "title": "Ivo Werner" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as the Congo - Brazzaville, the Congo Republic, West Congo, the former French Congo, or simply the Congo, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon and the Atlantic Ocean to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands.", "title": "North Korea" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\".", "title": "Cascade City" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans.", "title": "Zacuscă" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ilona Richter (later Dörfel, born 11 March 1953) is a German rower who competed for East Germany in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics, winning gold at both occasions.", "title": "Ilona Richter" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa.", "title": "Canada" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Spain" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metal Leading Producer Second Leading Producer Complete list Aluminium China Russia List of countries by aluminium production Bauxite Australia China List of countries by bauxite production Bismuth China Mexico List of countries by bismuth production Copper Chile China List of countries by copper production Gold China Australia List of countries by gold production Iron ore Australia Brazil List of countries by iron ore production Lithium Australia Chile List of countries by lithium production Manganese South Africa Australia List of countries by manganese production Mercury China Mexico List of countries by mercury production Mica China Russia List of countries by mica production Nickel Philippines Russia List of countries by nickel production Niobium Brazil Canada List of countries by niobium production Palladium Russia South Africa List of countries by palladium production Platinum South Africa Russia List of countries by platinum production Silver Mexico China List of countries by silver production Tin China Indonesia List of countries by tin production Titanium Australia South Africa (tied) List of countries by titanium production Zinc China Australia List of countries by zinc production", "title": "Lists of countries by mineral production" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west; Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At , Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world. It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe.", "title": "Geography of Sweden" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"C'est les vacances\" (\"It's the Holidays/Vacations\") is a 2005 song recorded by the French singer Ilona Mitrecey. It was released as second single from her debut album, \"Un Monde parfait\", on 19 July 2005. It was a great success in several countries, including France, Belgium (Wallonia) and Switzerland, although it did not manage to reach number-one.", "title": "C'est les vacances" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany.", "title": "Literature of East Germany" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section).", "title": "Liechtenstein" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.", "title": "Togo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turkey is situated in Anatolia (97%) and the Balkans (3%), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates of the country lie at: 39°00′N 35°00′E", "title": "Geography of Turkey" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henri Markarian, better known as Marc Aryan (14 November 1926 in Valence, France – 30 November 1985 in Ohain, Belgium), was a French-Belgian singer, songwriter, and record producer of Armenian descent born as a French citizen, who also acquired Belgian citizenship after a long residency in the country.", "title": "Marc Aryan" } ]

[ "German Democratic Republic", "East Germany" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 131783, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Which state is The Minikahda Club located?" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "the Mississippi River Delta", "id": 89261, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "where does #2 empty into the gulf of mexico" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cedar Bayou is a salt water channel on the Texas coast that separates San Jose Island from Matagorda Island. The pass serves as a water exchange between the Gulf of Mexico and the San Antonio, Matagorda and Aransas Bay systems.", "title": "Cedar Bayou" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Minikahda Club is a golf club and course located in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota, just west of Lake Calhoun. The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.", "title": "The Minikahda Club" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of January 31, 2017, Sam's Club operates 660 membership warehouse clubs in 47 U.S. states and Puerto Rico. Oregon, Rhode Island (which that state's only location closed in February 2016) and Vermont are the only states where Sam's Club does not operate, as is the case for the District of Columbia. Walmart International also operates Sam's Clubs in Mexico, Brazil, and China. It has 160 locations in Mexico, 27 locations in Brazil, and 15 in China. Locations generally range in size from 71,000 -- 168,000 sq ft (6,600 -- 15,600 m), with an average club size of approximately 134,000 sq ft (12,400 m).", "title": "Sam's Club" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winding Gulf is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Winding Gulf is located on Winding Gulf south of Sophia.", "title": "Winding Gulf, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals.", "title": "Valdes Peninsula" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi). The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum production regions in the world, comprising one - sixth of the United States' total production.", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Clearwater River (in French: Rivière à l'Eau Claire) is a river flowing on the east shore of Lake Guillaume-Delisle (formerly designated \"Richmond Gulf\"), which empties into the Hudson Bay. The \"Clearwater River\" is located in Nunavik, in the west of the Labrador peninsula, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada. This river drains Clearwater Lake into Lac Guillaume-Delisle.", "title": "Clearwater River (Quebec)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lanark Village is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Florida, United States, located along U.S. 98 on St. James Island, on the Gulf of Mexico.", "title": "Lanark Village, Florida" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico (Spanish: Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the \"Third Coast\", in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts.", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Perdido River, historically Rio Perdido (1763), is a river in the U.S. states of Alabama and Florida; the Perdido, a designated Outstanding Florida Waters river, forms part of the boundary between the two states along nearly its entire length and drains into the Gulf of Mexico. During the early 19th century it played a central role in a series of rotating boundary changes and disputes among France, Spain, Great Britain, and the United States.", "title": "Perdido River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Southern Yacht Club is located in New Orleans, Louisiana's West End neighborhood, on the shores of Lake Pontchartrain. Established on July 21, 1849, it is the second oldest yacht club in the United States and a founding member of the Gulf Yachting Association.", "title": "Southern Yacht Club" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River has the world's fourth - largest drainage basin (``watershed ''or`` catchment''). The basin covers more than 1,245,000 square miles (3,220,000 km), including all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The drainage basin empties into the Gulf of Mexico, part of the Atlantic Ocean. The total catchment of the Mississippi River covers nearly 40% of the landmass of the continental United States. The highest point within the watershed is also the highest point of the Rocky Mountains, Mount Elbert at 14,440 feet (4,400 m).", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bras d'Or Yacht Club is a yacht club in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. It is located on its namesake body of water, the Bras d'Or Lakes. The club was founded in 1904. Among its founding members were Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, H. Percy Blanchard and Arthur Williams McCurdy. The clubhouse was constructed in 1913. Longtime member J.A. McCurdy, while serving as Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, donated the McCurdy Cup to the club. This cup serves as the club championship. Alexander Graham Bell frequently attended club functions and even composed a song about it.", "title": "Bras d'Or Yacht Club" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dry Tortugas are a small group of islands, located in the Gulf of Mexico at the end of the Florida Keys, United States, about west of Key West, and west of the Marquesas Keys, the closest islands. Still farther west is the Tortugas Bank, which is submerged. The first Europeans to discover the islands were the Spanish in 1513, led by explorer Juan Ponce de León. The archipelago's name derives from the lack of fresh water springs, and the presence of turtles. They are an unincorporated area of Monroe County, Florida, and belong to the Lower Keys Census County Division. With their surrounding waters, they constitute the Dry Tortugas National Park.", "title": "Dry Tortugas" } ]

[ "Mississippi River Delta" ]

[ { "answer": "East Germany", "id": 103197, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "What is Andreas Zülow's country of citizenship?" }, { "answer": "German Democratic Republic", "id": 214799, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Literature of #1 >> country" }, { "answer": "GDR", "id": 259594, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Border Troops of #2 >> country" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henri Markarian, better known as Marc Aryan (14 November 1926 in Valence, France – 30 November 1985 in Ohain, Belgium), was a French-Belgian singer, songwriter, and record producer of Armenian descent born as a French citizen, who also acquired Belgian citizenship after a long residency in the country.", "title": "Marc Aryan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west; Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At , Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world. It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe.", "title": "Geography of Sweden" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands.", "title": "North Korea" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany.", "title": "Literature of East Germany" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as the Congo - Brazzaville, the Congo Republic, West Congo, the former French Congo, or simply the Congo, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon and the Atlantic Ocean to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Sunshine is an album by Country music singer, Dottie West (released in 1973) based on the successful commercial/Country song of \"Country Sunshine\".", "title": "Country Sunshine (Dottie West album)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Andreas Zülow (born 23 October 1965 in Ludwigslust) is a retired amateur boxer from East Germany who won a Lightweight gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympic Games. He also won the Silver medal at the 1989 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Moscow, and the Bronze medal at the 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Reno.", "title": "Andreas Zülow" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ivo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and got citizenship two years later.", "title": "Ivo Werner" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Spain" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa.", "title": "Canada" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans.", "title": "Zacuscă" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\".", "title": "Cascade City" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.", "title": "Togo" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turkey is situated in Anatolia (97%) and the Balkans (3%), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates of the country lie at: 39°00′N 35°00′E", "title": "Geography of Turkey" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metal Leading Producer Second Leading Producer Complete list Aluminium China Russia List of countries by aluminium production Bauxite Australia China List of countries by bauxite production Bismuth China Mexico List of countries by bismuth production Copper Chile China List of countries by copper production Gold China Australia List of countries by gold production Iron ore Australia Brazil List of countries by iron ore production Lithium Australia Chile List of countries by lithium production Manganese South Africa Australia List of countries by manganese production Mercury China Mexico List of countries by mercury production Mica China Russia List of countries by mica production Nickel Philippines Russia List of countries by nickel production Niobium Brazil Canada List of countries by niobium production Palladium Russia South Africa List of countries by palladium production Platinum South Africa Russia List of countries by platinum production Silver Mexico China List of countries by silver production Tin China Indonesia List of countries by tin production Titanium Australia South Africa (tied) List of countries by titanium production Zinc China Australia List of countries by zinc production", "title": "Lists of countries by mineral production" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section).", "title": "Liechtenstein" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf.", "title": "Heinz-Josef Große" } ]

[ "German Democratic Republic", "East Germany" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 79039, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "where is the home of the juicy lucy" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "the Mississippi River Delta", "id": 89261, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "where does #2 empty into the gulf of mexico" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi). The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum production regions in the world, comprising one - sixth of the United States' total production.", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Ainslie on Cape Breton Island is the largest natural freshwater lake in Nova Scotia. The Southwest Margaree River starts at the lake and empties into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The lake is approximately 20 km long and averages 5 km in width.", "title": "Lake Ainslie" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The territory of modern-day Mexico was home to numerous indigenous civilizations prior to the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores: The Olmecs, who flourished from between 1200 BCE to about 400 BCE in the coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico; the Zapotecs and the Mixtecs, who held sway in the mountains of Oaxaca and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; the Maya in the Yucatan (and into neighbouring areas of contemporary Central America); the Purépecha in present-day Michoacán and surrounding areas, and the Aztecs/Mexica, who, from their central capital at Tenochtitlan, dominated much of the centre and south of the country (and the non-Aztec inhabitants of those areas) when Hernán Cortés first landed at Veracruz.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Its drainage basin and some of its usually dry tributaries extend into New Mexico. It flows generally southeast from Dawson County through Ballinger, Marble Falls, Austin, Bastrop, Smithville, La Grange, Columbus, Wharton, and Bay City before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico at Matagorda Bay.", "title": "Colorado River (Texas)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals.", "title": "Valdes Peninsula" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf's basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi).", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dry Tortugas are a small group of islands, located in the Gulf of Mexico at the end of the Florida Keys, United States, about west of Key West, and west of the Marquesas Keys, the closest islands. Still farther west is the Tortugas Bank, which is submerged. The first Europeans to discover the islands were the Spanish in 1513, led by explorer Juan Ponce de León. The archipelago's name derives from the lack of fresh water springs, and the presence of turtles. They are an unincorporated area of Monroe County, Florida, and belong to the Lower Keys Census County Division. With their surrounding waters, they constitute the Dry Tortugas National Park.", "title": "Dry Tortugas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for \"blue-ribbon\" trout fishing. Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major watersheds (i.e. where two continental divides intersect). Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay. The watersheds divide at Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Perdido River, historically Rio Perdido (1763), is a river in the U.S. states of Alabama and Florida; the Perdido, a designated Outstanding Florida Waters river, forms part of the boundary between the two states along nearly its entire length and drains into the Gulf of Mexico. During the early 19th century it played a central role in a series of rotating boundary changes and disputes among France, Spain, Great Britain, and the United States.", "title": "Perdido River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Jucy Lucy (sic) or Juicy Lucy is a cheeseburger that has the cheese inside the meat patty instead of on top, resulting in a melted core of cheese within the patty. Two bars in Minneapolis claim to be the inventor of the burger, though other bars and restaurants have created their own interpretations on the style.", "title": "Jucy Lucy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ixtoc-Alfa is a counter-terrorism base created by the Mexican Navy for the purpose of preventing terrorist attacks on the country's Gulf of Mexico oilfields. It was first opened on 22 December 2003.", "title": "Ixtoc-Alfa" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cedar Bayou is a salt water channel on the Texas coast that separates San Jose Island from Matagorda Island. The pass serves as a water exchange between the Gulf of Mexico and the San Antonio, Matagorda and Aransas Bay systems.", "title": "Cedar Bayou" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The river rises of the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range approximately west of Cairns. The river flows generally northwest to the Staaten River National Park and then west, joined by eleven minor tributaries before reaching its mouth and emptying into the Gulf of Carpentaria. From source to mouth the river's waters overflow into intertwining lagoons that create an enormous wetland sanctuary for a vast array of unique wildlife and plants. When the rains of the wet season cease, the Staaten River retreats from the floodplains and wetlands and becomes little more than a thread trickling down wide sand banks and a string of important lagoon refuges. The river descends over its course.", "title": "Staaten River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucy is usually found with her sidekick and best friend Ethel Mertz. A former model from Albuquerque, New Mexico, Ethel tries to relive her glory days in vaudeville. Ricky is more inclined to include Ethel in performances at his nightclub because, unlike Lucy, she can actually sing and dance rather well.", "title": "I Love Lucy" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lanark Village is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Florida, United States, located along U.S. 98 on St. James Island, on the Gulf of Mexico.", "title": "Lanark Village, Florida" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucy Fallon Lucy Elizabeth Fallon (1995 - 11 - 13) 13 November 1995 (age 22) Blackpool, Lancashire, England Occupation Actress Years active 2015 -- present Known for Coronation Street (2015 --) Home town Cleveleys, Lancashire, England", "title": "Lucy Fallon" } ]

[ "Mississippi River Delta" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 584774, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Uni-Systems >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards", "id": 87157, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "what is the direction of flow of #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bagmati River which flows through Kathmandu is considered a holy river both by Hindus and Buddhists, and many Hindu temples are located on the banks of this river. The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on its banks, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. According to the Nepali Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation. The chief mourner (usually the first son) who lights the funeral pyre must take a holy riverwater bath immediately after cremation. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take bath in the Bagmati River or sprinkle the holy water on their bodies at the end of cremation as the Bagmati is believed to purify people spiritually.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A typical flush toilet is a ceramic bowl (pan) connected on the ``up ''side to a cistern (tank) that enables rapid filling with water, and on the`` down'' side to a drain pipe that removes the effluent. When a toilet is flushed, the sewage should flow into a septic tank or into a system connected to a sewage treatment plant. However, in many developing countries, this treatment step does not take place.", "title": "Toilet" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "title": "Powwow Pond" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The peak flow over Horseshoe Falls was recorded at 225,000 cubic feet (6,400 m) per second. The average annual flow rate is 85,000 cubic feet (2,400 m) per second. Since the flow is a direct function of the Lake Erie water elevation, it typically peaks in late spring or early summer. During the summer months, at least 100,000 cubic feet (2,800 m) per second of water traverses the falls, some 90% of which goes over the Horseshoe Falls, while the balance is diverted to hydroelectric facilities. This is accomplished by employing a weir -- the International Control Dam -- with movable gates upstream from the Horseshoe Falls. The falls' flow is further halved at night, and, during the low tourist season in the winter, remains a minimum of 50,000 cubic feet (1,400 m) per second. Water diversion is regulated by the 1950 Niagara Treaty and is administered by the International Niagara Board of Control (IJC).", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Petite Creuse (, the small Creuse) is a long river in Allier and Creuse departments, in central France. Its source is at Treignat, southeast of the village. It is a left tributary of the Creuse River into which it flows at Fresselines. The river is dammed at several locations creating valley lakes that are extensively used for recreation, such as fishing, boating and swimming. The dams are used to generate electricity and to supply water treatment plants providing drinking water to local communities.", "title": "Petite Creuse" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water. The flow reappears on the surface at the northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau. The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne (\"Rhine Gutter\") and Seerhein. Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Uni-Systems, LLC is a design, construction, and manufacturing firm located in Minneapolis, Minnesota specializing in kinetic architecture, or movable, mechanized structures designed to adapt to individual structures’ needs. The firm has become particularly recognized for its design and installation of retractable roof systems on various sports stadiums across the United States; Uni-Systems has been involved in the construction of five of the seven sports stadiums incorporating retractable roofs in North America since 1999.", "title": "Uni-Systems" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shortgrass Library System consists of fourteen member public libraries in Southeast Alberta, Canada. The system headquarters is located in Medicine Hat. It has the distinction of being the first regional library system in the province of Alberta to have all eligible municipalities as members of a library system. Shortgrass was created by the Alberta government in 1988 as the fifth library system in the province.", "title": "Shortgrass Library System" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound.", "title": "Mamaroneck River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.", "title": "Glacier" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Wapizagonke Lake" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "title": "Contoocook Lake" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Michigan -- Huron (also Huron -- Michigan) is the combined waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, which are joined through the 5 - mile (8.0 km) wide, 20 - fathom (120 ft; 37 m) deep, open - water Straits of Mackinac. Huron and Michigan are hydrologically a single lake because the flow of water through the straits keeps their water levels in near - equilibrium. (Although the flow is generally eastward, the water moves in either direction depending on local conditions.) Combined, Lake Michigan -- Huron is the largest fresh water lake by area in the world. If Lake Huron and Lake Michigan are considered two separate lakes, Lake Superior is larger than either.", "title": "Lake Michigan–Huron" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Triglav National Park (TNP) () is the only national park in Slovenia. It was established in its modern form in 1981 and is located in the northwestern part of the country, respectively the southeastern part of the Alpine massif. Mount Triglav, the highest peak of Julian Alps, stands almost in the middle of the national park. From it the valleys spread out radially, supplying water to two large river systems with their sources in the Julian Alps: the Soča and the Sava, flowing to the Adriatic and Black Sea, respectively.", "title": "Triglav National Park" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Holden is a lake in the municipality of Verran in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located about west of the village of Malm and about north of the village of Follafoss. The lake has a dam on the southern end to control the water for hydroelectric power. The lake flows out into the Follaelva river which flows into the Trondheimsfjord at the village of Follafoss.", "title": "Holden (Verran)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" } ]

[ "Minnesota" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 635099, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Write This Down >> location of formation" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards", "id": 87157, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "what is the direction of flow of #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "title": "Powwow Pond" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crooked Run is a tributary of Catawissa Creek in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through North Union Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is considered to be a High-Quality Coldwater Fishery and Class A Wild Trout Waters. However, it is impaired by atmospheric deposition. The main rock formations in the stream's watershed are the Mauch Chunk Formation and the Pocono Formation and the main soils are the Leck Kill soil and the Hazleton soil.", "title": "Crooked Run (Catawissa Creek tributary)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Huntington Lake is a reservoir in Fresno County, California on Big Creek, located in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 2,120 meters (6955 ft). Several smaller streams also flow into the lake and it receives additional water from the underground tunnels of Southern California Edison's Big Creek hydroelectric project. Water from the lake flows into Big Creek, but some is diverted by underground tunnels to the Eastwood Powerhouse, which discharges into Shaver Lake.", "title": "Huntington Lake" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bagmati River which flows through Kathmandu is considered a holy river both by Hindus and Buddhists, and many Hindu temples are located on the banks of this river. The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on its banks, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. According to the Nepali Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation. The chief mourner (usually the first son) who lights the funeral pyre must take a holy riverwater bath immediately after cremation. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take bath in the Bagmati River or sprinkle the holy water on their bodies at the end of cremation as the Bagmati is believed to purify people spiritually.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ore Run is a tributary of Sullivan Branch in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Davidson Township. Its watershed has an area of . The stream has a low pH and poor water quality. The main rock formations in the area are the Huntley Mountain Formation and the Burgoon Sandstone. The main soil associations in the vicinity of the stream are the Deep-Wellsboro-Oquaga association, and the Oquaga association.", "title": "Ore Run" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "title": "Contoocook Lake" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dark Run is a tributary of Catawissa Creek in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Union Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is considered to be a High-Quality Coldwater Fishery and Class D Wild Trout Waters. Eight species of fish inhabit the stream. The main rock formations in the stream's watershed are the Mauch Chunk Formation and the main soil is the Leck Kill soil. The stream has several unnamed tributaries.", "title": "Dark Run" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Write This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart.", "title": "Write This Down (band)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Wapizagonke Lake" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hunts Run is a tributary of Sullivan Branch in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Davidson Township. Its watershed has an area of . The stream has a low pH and poor water quality. The main rock formations in the area are the Huntley Mountain Formation, and the Burgoon Sandstone. The main soil associations in the vicinity of the stream are the Deep-Wellsboro-Oquaga association, the Morris association, and the Oquaga association.", "title": "Hunts Run" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Little Crooked Run is a tributary of Tomhicken Creek in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through North Union Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is considered to be a High-Quality Coldwater Fishery and Class A Wild Trout Waters. The main rock formations in the stream's watershed are the Mauch Chunk Formation and the Pottsville Formation and the main soil is the Hazleton soil.", "title": "Little Crooked Run" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The peak flow over Horseshoe Falls was recorded at 225,000 cubic feet (6,400 m) per second. The average annual flow rate is 85,000 cubic feet (2,400 m) per second. Since the flow is a direct function of the Lake Erie water elevation, it typically peaks in late spring or early summer. During the summer months, at least 100,000 cubic feet (2,800 m) per second of water traverses the falls, some 90% of which goes over the Horseshoe Falls, while the balance is diverted to hydroelectric facilities. This is accomplished by employing a weir -- the International Control Dam -- with movable gates upstream from the Horseshoe Falls. The falls' flow is further halved at night, and, during the low tourist season in the winter, remains a minimum of 50,000 cubic feet (1,400 m) per second. Water diversion is regulated by the 1950 Niagara Treaty and is administered by the International Niagara Board of Control (IJC).", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water. The flow reappears on the surface at the northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau. The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne (\"Rhine Gutter\") and Seerhein. Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lead Run is a tributary of East Branch Fishing Creek in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania. It is approximately long and flows through Davidson Township. Its watershed has an area of . The stream has a low pH and poor water quality, although that could potentially be remedied. The main rock formations in the area are the Catskill Formation, the Huntley Mountain Formation, and the Burgoon Sandstone. The main soil associations in the vicinity of the stream are the Deep-Wellsboro-Oquaga association, the Norwich association, and the Oquaga association.", "title": "Lead Run" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lake District is located entirely within the county of Cumbria. All the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (914 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, Wast Water and Windermere.", "title": "Lake District" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Holden is a lake in the municipality of Verran in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located about west of the village of Malm and about north of the village of Follafoss. The lake has a dam on the southern end to control the water for hydroelectric power. The lake flows out into the Follaelva river which flows into the Trondheimsfjord at the village of Follafoss.", "title": "Holden (Verran)" } ]

[ "Minnesota" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 79039, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "where is the home of the juicy lucy" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "at the city of Cairo, Illinois", "id": 90707, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "where does #2 and ohio river meet" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Proctorville is a village in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 574 at the 2010 census. The East End Bridge connects Proctorville to Huntington, West Virginia across the Ohio River.", "title": "Proctorville, Ohio" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hocking River (formerly the Hockhocking River) is a right tributary of the Ohio River in southeastern Ohio in the United States.", "title": "Hocking River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water.", "title": "Potamogeton amplifolius" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucy Fallon Lucy Elizabeth Fallon (1995 - 11 - 13) 13 November 1995 (age 22) Blackpool, Lancashire, England Occupation Actress Years active 2015 -- present Known for Coronation Street (2015 --) Home town Cleveleys, Lancashire, England", "title": "Lucy Fallon" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kentucky River is a tributary of the Ohio River, long, in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. The river and its tributaries drain much of the central region of the state, with its upper course passing through the coal-mining regions of the Cumberland Mountains, and its lower course passing through the Bluegrass region in the north central part of the state. Its watershed encompasses about . It supplies drinking water to about one-sixth of the population of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.", "title": "Kentucky River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "title": "Powwow Pond" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Inverleith Harbour is a small bay between Andrews Point and Briggs Peninsula along the northeast coast of Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was presumably discovered by whalers working in this area who gave the name \"Inverleith\" or \"Leith Harbour\". \"Inverleith Harbour\" (\"inver\" meaning the place of meeting of rivers or where a river falls into the sea or lake) is recommended because the name \"Leith Harbour\" is used elsewhere in the Antarctic. Leith, Scotland, is the home of Salvesen and Company, a whaling firm which has operated extensively in Antarctic waters.", "title": "Inverleith Harbour" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Allegheny River (/ ˌæləˈɡeɪni / AL - ə - GAY - nee) is a principal tributary of the Ohio River; it is located in the Eastern United States. The Allegheny River joins with the Monongahela River to form the Ohio River at the ``Point ''of Point State Park in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Allegheny River is, by volume, the main headstream of the Ohio River.", "title": "Allegheny River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, or simply Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, or PYM, is the central organizing body for Quaker meetings in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, area.", "title": "Philadelphia Yearly Meeting" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The river then follows a roughly southwest and then west - northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west - southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the northern borders of West Virginia and Kentucky; and the southern borders of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, until it joins the Mississippi River at the city of Cairo, Illinois.", "title": "Ohio River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "title": "Contoocook Lake" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.", "title": "Ekulu River" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is now owned by the West View Water Authority and is used primarily to pump water from the Ohio River, which then goes on to be purified and is used by the surrounding communities for drinking.", "title": "Davis Island Lock and Dam Site" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite Sue's warning, Henry invites Lucy to have breakfast with him. Eventually she does, but it ends poorly when Henry unintentionally hurts Lucy's feelings. He follows her home to apologize where Marlin and Doug instruct Henry to leave Lucy alone. Henry begins concocting ways to run into Lucy on the following days, such as pretending to have car trouble, creating a fake road block, or by having Ula beat him up. Eventually, Marlin and Doug figure this out due to Lucy singing The Beach Boys' ``Would n't It Be Nice ''on the days when she meets Henry.", "title": "50 First Dates" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound.", "title": "Mamaroneck River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Jucy Lucy (sic) or Juicy Lucy is a cheeseburger that has the cheese inside the meat patty instead of on top, resulting in a melted core of cheese within the patty. Two bars in Minneapolis claim to be the inventor of the burger, though other bars and restaurants have created their own interpretations on the style.", "title": "Jucy Lucy" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "East Germany", "id": 104237, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which country is Alfred Kurella from?" }, { "answer": "German Democratic Republic", "id": 214799, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Literature of #1 >> country" }, { "answer": "GDR", "id": 259594, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Border Troops of #2 >> country" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish: den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here`` work'' refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.", "title": "Nobel Prize in Literature" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\".", "title": "Cascade City" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anton Julen (20 February 1898 – August 1982) was a cross country skier from Zermatt, Switzerland who competed in military patrol at the first winter Olympics in Chamonix in 1924. The Swiss team, which consisted of Alfred Aufdenblatten, Alfons Julen, Anton Julen and Denis Vaucher, finished first in the competition. He was brother of Alfons Julen, and cousin of the Olympians Oswald Julen (Nordic combined) and Simon Julen (cross country skiing).", "title": "Anton Julen" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CMT Cross Country is a television show broadcast on Country Music Television and Palladia that pairs two country music artists together. Each episode of CMT Cross Country features a different set of stars playing together. It is similar in format to \"CMT Crossroads\", except that in this series, both of the two artists are predominantly known for their country music contributions, as opposed to \"Crossroads\", where one of the two artists is from outside the traditional country genre.", "title": "CMT Cross Country" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section).", "title": "Liechtenstein" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most common way for travellers to enter the country seems to be by air. According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: \"No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.\", and states that, \"It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.\" There are a small number of border crossings that allow the passage of private vehicles, such as the border between Ruili (China) to Mu-se, the border between Htee Kee (Myanmar) and Ban Phu Nam Ron (Thailand) (the most direct border between Dawei and Kanchanaburi), and the border between Myawaddy (Myanmar) and Mae Sot (Thailand). At least one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013. \"From Mae Sai (Thailand) you can cross to Tachileik, but can only go as far as Kengtung. Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar.\"", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans.", "title": "Zacuscă" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Mohammad Zubair Khan has a doctorate in political economy from Johns Hopkins University. After working briefly for the World Bank, he worked at the International Monetary Fund from 1981 to 1992, assigned to a wide range of countries, including industrial countries in northern Europe and Turkey, developing countries in south Asia, the oil producing countries in the Middle East and countries in the South Pacific region.", "title": "Mohammad Zubair Khan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Kurella (May 2, 1895 – June 12, 1975) was a German author and functionary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in East Germany.", "title": "Alfred Kurella" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish:`` den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning''). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. It will not be awarded in 2018, but two names will be awarded in 2019.", "title": "Nobel Prize in Literature" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turkey is situated in Anatolia (97%) and the Balkans (3%), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates of the country lie at: 39°00′N 35°00′E", "title": "Geography of Turkey" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf.", "title": "Heinz-Josef Große" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.", "title": "Togo" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands.", "title": "North Korea" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Spain" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Namibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates it from that country. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west; Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At , Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world. It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe.", "title": "Geography of Sweden" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany.", "title": "Literature of East Germany" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa.", "title": "Canada" } ]

[ "German Democratic Republic", "East Germany" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 152880, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "What city is Astronautalis from?" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "the Mississippi River Delta", "id": 89261, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "where does #2 empty into the gulf of mexico" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Imperial Valley extends southward for 50 miles (80 km) from the southern end of the Salton Sea into Mexico. Part of a trough stretching from the Coachella Valley to the Gulf of California, it is almost entirely below sea level -- 235 feet (72 m) below at the edge of the Salton Sea. Its hot desert climate is characterized by daily temperature extremes. It was once part of the Gulf of California, from which it was cut off by the dam - like deposits of the Colorado River Delta Fan as it carved out the Grand Canyon. Bordered by sand dunes and barren mountains, it was uninhabited until 1901, when the Imperial Canal was opened and diverted Colorado River water into the valley through Mexico. Flood - waters in 1905 -- 07 destroyed the irrigation channels and created the Salton Sea now filled by the New River and irrigation run - off. The rivers in the southern part of the Salton Sea river basin flow south to north.", "title": "Imperial Valley" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gasparilla Pass is an inlet southwest of the town of Placida, Florida, United States. It connects Placida Harbor with the Gulf of Mexico separating Gasparilla Island on the south from Little Gasparilla Island on the north.", "title": "Gasparilla Pass" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Comalcalco is an ancient Mayan archaeological site in the State of Tabasco, Mexico, adjacent to the modern city of Comalcalco and near the southern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. It is the only major Maya city built with bricks rather than limestone masonry and was the westernmost city of the Mayan civilisation. Covering an area of , Comalcalco was founded in the Late Classic period and may have been a satellite or colony of Palenque based on architectural similarities between the two. The city was a center of the Chontal Maya people.", "title": "Comalcalco (archaeological site)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1980 half of all the industrial jobs in Mexico were located in Mexico City. Under relentless growth, the Mexico City government could barely keep up with services. Villagers from the countryside who continued to pour into the city to escape poverty only compounded the city's problems. With no housing available, they took over lands surrounding the city, creating huge shantytowns that extended for many miles. This caused serious air pollution in Mexico City and water pollution problems, as well as subsidence due to overextraction of groundwater. Air and water pollution has been contained and improved in several areas due to government programs, the renovation of vehicles and the modernization of public transportation.", "title": "Mexico City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Havana lies on the northern coast of Cuba, south of the Florida Keys, where the Gulf of Mexico joins the Atlantic Ocean. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbours: Marimelena, Guanabacoa, and Atarés. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.", "title": "Havana" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dry Tortugas are a small group of islands, located in the Gulf of Mexico at the end of the Florida Keys, United States, about west of Key West, and west of the Marquesas Keys, the closest islands. Still farther west is the Tortugas Bank, which is submerged. The first Europeans to discover the islands were the Spanish in 1513, led by explorer Juan Ponce de León. The archipelago's name derives from the lack of fresh water springs, and the presence of turtles. They are an unincorporated area of Monroe County, Florida, and belong to the Lower Keys Census County Division. With their surrounding waters, they constitute the Dry Tortugas National Park.", "title": "Dry Tortugas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf's basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi).", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River has the world's fourth - largest drainage basin (``watershed ''or`` catchment''). The basin covers more than 1,245,000 square miles (3,220,000 km), including all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The drainage basin empties into the Gulf of Mexico, part of the Atlantic Ocean. The total catchment of the Mississippi River covers nearly 40% of the landmass of the continental United States. The highest point within the watershed is also the highest point of the Rocky Mountains, Mount Elbert at 14,440 feet (4,400 m).", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Wapizagonke Lake" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dead Horse Bay is a small water body off Barren Island, between the Gerritsen Inlet and Rockaway Inlet in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.", "title": "Dead Horse Bay" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "title": "Astronautalis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cedar Bayou is a salt water channel on the Texas coast that separates San Jose Island from Matagorda Island. The pass serves as a water exchange between the Gulf of Mexico and the San Antonio, Matagorda and Aransas Bay systems.", "title": "Cedar Bayou" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The river rises of the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range approximately west of Cairns. The river flows generally northwest to the Staaten River National Park and then west, joined by eleven minor tributaries before reaching its mouth and emptying into the Gulf of Carpentaria. From source to mouth the river's waters overflow into intertwining lagoons that create an enormous wetland sanctuary for a vast array of unique wildlife and plants. When the rains of the wet season cease, the Staaten River retreats from the floodplains and wetlands and becomes little more than a thread trickling down wide sand banks and a string of important lagoon refuges. The river descends over its course.", "title": "Staaten River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi). The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum production regions in the world, comprising one - sixth of the United States' total production.", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Its drainage basin and some of its usually dry tributaries extend into New Mexico. It flows generally southeast from Dawson County through Ballinger, Marble Falls, Austin, Bastrop, Smithville, La Grange, Columbus, Wharton, and Bay City before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico at Matagorda Bay.", "title": "Colorado River (Texas)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Yucatán Peninsula (Spanish: Península de Yucatán), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel. The peninsula lies east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a northwestern geographic partition separating the region of Central America from the rest of North America.", "title": "Yucatán Peninsula" } ]

[ "Mississippi River Delta" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 635099, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Write This Down >> location of formation" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "at the city of Cairo, Illinois", "id": 90707, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "where does #2 and ohio river meet" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Portage Diversion () (also known as the Assiniboine River Floodway) is a water control structure on the Assiniboine River near Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada. The project was made as part of a larger attempt to prevent flooding in the Red River Valley. The Portage Diversion consists of two separate gates which divert some of the flow of water in the Assiniboine River to a 29 km long diversion channel that empties into Lake Manitoba near Delta Beach. This helps prevent flooding on the Assiniboine down river from the diversion, including in Winnipeg, where the Assiniboine River meets the Red River.", "title": "Portage Diversion" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shippingport is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, located along the Ohio River. The population was 214 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Shippingport, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Write This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart.", "title": "Write This Down (band)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is now owned by the West View Water Authority and is used primarily to pump water from the Ohio River, which then goes on to be purified and is used by the surrounding communities for drinking.", "title": "Davis Island Lock and Dam Site" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix opened Kentucky to colonial settlement and established the Ohio River as a southern boundary for American Indian territory. In 1774, the Quebec Act restored the land east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River to Quebec, in effect making the Ohio the southern boundary of Canada. This appeased the Canadien British subjects but angered the Thirteen Colonies. Lord Dunmore's War south of the Ohio river also contributed to giving the land north to Quebec to stop further encroachment of the British colonials on native land. During the American Revolution, in 1776 the British military engineer John Montrésor created a map of the river showing the strategic location of Fort Pitt, including specific navigational information about the Ohio River's rapids and tributaries in that area. However, the Treaty of Paris (1783) gave the entire Ohio Valley to the United States.", "title": "Ohio River" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Allegheny River (/ ˌæləˈɡeɪni / AL - ə - GAY - nee) is a principal tributary of the Ohio River; it is located in the Eastern United States. The Allegheny River joins with the Monongahela River to form the Ohio River at the ``Point ''of Point State Park in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Allegheny River is, by volume, the main headstream of the Ohio River.", "title": "Allegheny River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water.", "title": "Potamogeton amplifolius" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound.", "title": "Mamaroneck River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The river then follows a roughly southwest and then west - northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west - southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the northern borders of West Virginia and Kentucky; and the southern borders of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, until it joins the Mississippi River at the city of Cairo, Illinois.", "title": "Ohio River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WRVF (101.5 FM, \"101.5 The River\") is an American adult contemporary music formatted radio station in Toledo, Ohio, owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. (formerly Clear Channel Communications). The station boasts a signal that covers most of northwestern Ohio and southeastern Michigan and can be heard well in parts of the Detroit area. The station is audible as far north as Sterling Heights, Michigan, as far east as Sandusky, Ohio, westward almost to the Indiana state line, and almost as far south as Lima, Ohio. The 101.5 frequency has featured some form of soft music format for decades, evolving from easy listening into mainstream AC.", "title": "WRVF" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.", "title": "Ekulu River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "title": "Contoocook Lake" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kirtley is an unincorporated community in Ohio County, Kentucky, United States. Kirtley is located near the Green River in western Ohio County, west-northwest of Centertown.", "title": "Kirtley, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is a subordinate body of the International Union of Geological Sciences—of which it is the largest body within the organisation—and of which it is essentially a permanent working subcommittee that meets far more regularly than the quadrennial meetings scheduled by the IUGS, when it meets as a congress or membership of the whole.", "title": "International Commission on Stratigraphy" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hocking River (formerly the Hockhocking River) is a right tributary of the Ohio River in southeastern Ohio in the United States.", "title": "Hocking River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bagmati River which flows through Kathmandu is considered a holy river both by Hindus and Buddhists, and many Hindu temples are located on the banks of this river. The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on its banks, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. According to the Nepali Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation. The chief mourner (usually the first son) who lights the funeral pyre must take a holy riverwater bath immediately after cremation. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take bath in the Bagmati River or sprinkle the holy water on their bodies at the end of cremation as the Bagmati is believed to purify people spiritually.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 131783, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Which state is The Minikahda Club located?" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards", "id": 87157, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "what is the direction of flow of #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Wapizagonke Lake" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The peak flow over Horseshoe Falls was recorded at 225,000 cubic feet (6,400 m) per second. The average annual flow rate is 85,000 cubic feet (2,400 m) per second. Since the flow is a direct function of the Lake Erie water elevation, it typically peaks in late spring or early summer. During the summer months, at least 100,000 cubic feet (2,800 m) per second of water traverses the falls, some 90% of which goes over the Horseshoe Falls, while the balance is diverted to hydroelectric facilities. This is accomplished by employing a weir -- the International Control Dam -- with movable gates upstream from the Horseshoe Falls. The falls' flow is further halved at night, and, during the low tourist season in the winter, remains a minimum of 50,000 cubic feet (1,400 m) per second. Water diversion is regulated by the 1950 Niagara Treaty and is administered by the International Niagara Board of Control (IJC).", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.", "title": "Ekulu River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lake District is located entirely within the county of Cumbria. All the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (914 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, Wast Water and Windermere.", "title": "Lake District" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "title": "Powwow Pond" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bras d'Or Yacht Club is a yacht club in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. It is located on its namesake body of water, the Bras d'Or Lakes. The club was founded in 1904. Among its founding members were Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, H. Percy Blanchard and Arthur Williams McCurdy. The clubhouse was constructed in 1913. Longtime member J.A. McCurdy, while serving as Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, donated the McCurdy Cup to the club. This cup serves as the club championship. Alexander Graham Bell frequently attended club functions and even composed a song about it.", "title": "Bras d'Or Yacht Club" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Econlockhatchee River (Econ River for short) is an north-flowing blackwater tributary of the St. Johns River, the longest river in the U.S. state of Florida. The Econ River flows through Osceola, Orange, and Seminole counties in Central Florida, just east of the Orlando Metropolitan Area (east of State Road 417). It is a designated Outstanding Florida Waters.", "title": "Econlockhatchee River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sleepy Eye Creek is a tributary of the Cottonwood River of Minnesota, the United States. Via the Cottonwood River, its water flows to the Minnesota River and eventually the Mississippi River.", "title": "Sleepy Eye Creek" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park.", "title": "Walker Pond" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound.", "title": "Mamaroneck River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Minikahda Club is a golf club and course located in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota, just west of Lake Calhoun. The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.", "title": "The Minikahda Club" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Huntington Lake is a reservoir in Fresno County, California on Big Creek, located in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 2,120 meters (6955 ft). Several smaller streams also flow into the lake and it receives additional water from the underground tunnels of Southern California Edison's Big Creek hydroelectric project. Water from the lake flows into Big Creek, but some is diverted by underground tunnels to the Eastwood Powerhouse, which discharges into Shaver Lake.", "title": "Huntington Lake" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water. The flow reappears on the surface at the northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau. The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne (\"Rhine Gutter\") and Seerhein. Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bagmati River which flows through Kathmandu is considered a holy river both by Hindus and Buddhists, and many Hindu temples are located on the banks of this river. The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on its banks, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. According to the Nepali Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation. The chief mourner (usually the first son) who lights the funeral pyre must take a holy riverwater bath immediately after cremation. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take bath in the Bagmati River or sprinkle the holy water on their bodies at the end of cremation as the Bagmati is believed to purify people spiritually.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Michigan -- Huron (also Huron -- Michigan) is the combined waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, which are joined through the 5 - mile (8.0 km) wide, 20 - fathom (120 ft; 37 m) deep, open - water Straits of Mackinac. Huron and Michigan are hydrologically a single lake because the flow of water through the straits keeps their water levels in near - equilibrium. (Although the flow is generally eastward, the water moves in either direction depending on local conditions.) Combined, Lake Michigan -- Huron is the largest fresh water lake by area in the world. If Lake Huron and Lake Michigan are considered two separate lakes, Lake Superior is larger than either.", "title": "Lake Michigan–Huron" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "title": "Contoocook Lake" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Holden is a lake in the municipality of Verran in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located about west of the village of Malm and about north of the village of Follafoss. The lake has a dam on the southern end to control the water for hydroelectric power. The lake flows out into the Follaelva river which flows into the Trondheimsfjord at the village of Follafoss.", "title": "Holden (Verran)" } ]

[ "Minnesota" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 635099, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Write This Down >> location of formation" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "the Mississippi River Delta", "id": 89261, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "where does #2 empty into the gulf of mexico" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "El Gallito Airstrip is a privately owned public-use dirt airstrip at Hotel Serenidad, located 2 miles south of Mulegé, Municipality of Mulegé, Baja California Sur, Mexico, just on the Gulf of California coast. The airstrip is used solely for general aviation purposes.", "title": "El Gallito Airstrip" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Wapizagonke Lake" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Write This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart.", "title": "Write This Down (band)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf's basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi).", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound.", "title": "Mamaroneck River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River has the world's fourth - largest drainage basin (``watershed ''or`` catchment''). The basin covers more than 1,245,000 square miles (3,220,000 km), including all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The drainage basin empties into the Gulf of Mexico, part of the Atlantic Ocean. The total catchment of the Mississippi River covers nearly 40% of the landmass of the continental United States. The highest point within the watershed is also the highest point of the Rocky Mountains, Mount Elbert at 14,440 feet (4,400 m).", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cedar Bayou is a salt water channel on the Texas coast that separates San Jose Island from Matagorda Island. The pass serves as a water exchange between the Gulf of Mexico and the San Antonio, Matagorda and Aransas Bay systems.", "title": "Cedar Bayou" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Ainslie on Cape Breton Island is the largest natural freshwater lake in Nova Scotia. The Southwest Margaree River starts at the lake and empties into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The lake is approximately 20 km long and averages 5 km in width.", "title": "Lake Ainslie" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dry Tortugas are a small group of islands, located in the Gulf of Mexico at the end of the Florida Keys, United States, about west of Key West, and west of the Marquesas Keys, the closest islands. Still farther west is the Tortugas Bank, which is submerged. The first Europeans to discover the islands were the Spanish in 1513, led by explorer Juan Ponce de León. The archipelago's name derives from the lack of fresh water springs, and the presence of turtles. They are an unincorporated area of Monroe County, Florida, and belong to the Lower Keys Census County Division. With their surrounding waters, they constitute the Dry Tortugas National Park.", "title": "Dry Tortugas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lanark Village is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Florida, United States, located along U.S. 98 on St. James Island, on the Gulf of Mexico.", "title": "Lanark Village, Florida" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Padus Vallis is a valley in the Memnonia quadrangle on Mars that empties into the Medusa Fossae Formation. It is located at 4.6° S and 150.1° W. It is 46.0 km long and was named for the classical name for modern Po Valley in Italy. Padus Vallis is one of many valleys that empty into the Medusae Fossae Formation.", "title": "Padus Vallis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Imperial Valley extends southward for 50 miles (80 km) from the southern end of the Salton Sea into Mexico. Part of a trough stretching from the Coachella Valley to the Gulf of California, it is almost entirely below sea level -- 235 feet (72 m) below at the edge of the Salton Sea. Its hot desert climate is characterized by daily temperature extremes. It was once part of the Gulf of California, from which it was cut off by the dam - like deposits of the Colorado River Delta Fan as it carved out the Grand Canyon. Bordered by sand dunes and barren mountains, it was uninhabited until 1901, when the Imperial Canal was opened and diverted Colorado River water into the valley through Mexico. Flood - waters in 1905 -- 07 destroyed the irrigation channels and created the Salton Sea now filled by the New River and irrigation run - off. The rivers in the southern part of the Salton Sea river basin flow south to north.", "title": "Imperial Valley" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals.", "title": "Valdes Peninsula" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Clearwater River (in French: Rivière à l'Eau Claire) is a river flowing on the east shore of Lake Guillaume-Delisle (formerly designated \"Richmond Gulf\"), which empties into the Hudson Bay. The \"Clearwater River\" is located in Nunavik, in the west of the Labrador peninsula, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada. This river drains Clearwater Lake into Lac Guillaume-Delisle.", "title": "Clearwater River (Quebec)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi). The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum production regions in the world, comprising one - sixth of the United States' total production.", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Its drainage basin and some of its usually dry tributaries extend into New Mexico. It flows generally southeast from Dawson County through Ballinger, Marble Falls, Austin, Bastrop, Smithville, La Grange, Columbus, Wharton, and Bay City before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico at Matagorda Bay.", "title": "Colorado River (Texas)" } ]

[ "Mississippi River Delta" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 152880, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "What city is Astronautalis from?" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "Treaty of Paris", "id": 13165, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raghunathrao, unwilling to give up his position of power, sought help from the British at Bombay and signed the Treaty of Surat on 6 March 1775. According to the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts. In return, the British promised to provide Raghunathrao with 2,500 soldiers.", "title": "First Anglo-Maratha War" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upper Klamath Lake (sometimes called Klamath Lake) (Klamath:? ews, ``lake '') is a large, shallow freshwater lake east of the Cascade Range in south - central Oregon in the United States. The largest body of fresh water by surface area in Oregon, it is approximately 25 miles (40 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide and extends northwest from the city of Klamath Falls. It sits at an average elevation of 4,140 feet (1,260 m).", "title": "Upper Klamath Lake" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "title": "Louisiana Purchase" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "title": "Vatican City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo - French conflict. France ceded to Great Britain its territory east of the Mississippi. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.", "title": "French and Indian War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Swedish Livonia () was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1629 until 1721. The territory, which constituted the southern part of modern Estonia (including the island of Ösel ceded by Denmark after the Treaty of Brömsebro) and the northern part of modern Latvia (the Vidzeme region), represented the conquest of the major part of the Polish-Lithuanian Duchy of Livonia during the 1600–1629 Polish-Swedish War. Parts of Livonia and the city of Riga were under Swedish control as early as 1621 and the situation was formalized in Truce of Altmark 1629, but the whole territory was not ceded formally until the Treaty of Oliva in 1660. The minority part of the Wenden Voivodeship retained by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was renamed the Inflanty Voivodeship (\"\"Livonian Principality\"\"), which today corresponds to the Latgale region of Latvia.", "title": "Swedish Livonia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territorial waters or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low - water mark) of a coastal state. The territorial sea is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, although foreign ships (civilian) are allowed innocent passage through it, or transit passage for straits; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below. Adjustment of these boundaries is called, in international law, maritime delimitation.", "title": "Territorial waters" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the \"Treaty of Cahuenga\" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was \"for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco,\" and the Mexican-American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, so as to include the entire bay within the United States.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The province of Kanije was established in 1600 after the town of Kanije was captured from Habsburgs. This newly conquered area was joined with territory of Zigetvar Province, which was formed in 1596 from some sanjaks of Budin Province (which had been expanded as a result of the Ottoman territorial gains during the Long War) and Bosnia Province. The Kanije Eyalet existed until the capture of Kanije by Habsburg Monarchy in 1690. It was formally ceded to Habsburg Monarchy by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699.", "title": "Kanije Eyalet" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, German and Soviet troops divided the territory of Poland. Thus, Eastern Galicia and Volhynia with their Ukrainian population became part of Ukraine. For the first time in history, the nation was united.In 1940, the Soviets annexed Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. The Ukrainian SSR incorporated the northern and southern districts of Bessarabia, northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region. But it ceded the western part of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the newly created Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. These territorial gains of the USSR were internationally recognized by the Paris peace treaties of 1947.", "title": "Ukraine" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "title": "Astronautalis" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.", "title": "Military history of the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is now owned by the West View Water Authority and is used primarily to pump water from the Ohio River, which then goes on to be purified and is used by the surrounding communities for drinking.", "title": "Davis Island Lock and Dam Site" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kexholm County (, ) was a county of the Swedish Empire from 1634 to 1721, when the southern part was ceded to the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Nystad. The capital of the county was Kexholm (), which today is Priozersk.", "title": "Kexholm County" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elliott Bay is a part of the Central Basin region of Puget Sound in the U.S. state of Washington that extends southeastward between West Point in the north and Alki Point in the south. Seattle was founded on this body of water in the 1850s and has since grown to encompass it completely. The waterway it provides to the Pacific Ocean has served as a key element of the city's economy, enabling the Port of Seattle to become one of the busiest ports in the United States.", "title": "Elliott Bay" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Washington (/ ˈwɒʃɪŋtən / (listen)) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Named after George Washington, the first President of the United States, the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory, which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the capital of the U.S., which is often shortened to Washington.", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1798, Spain revoked the treaty allowing American use of New Orleans, greatly upsetting Americans. In 1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo took over from the Marquess of Casa Calvo, and restored the American right to deposit goods. However, in 1800 Spain had ceded the Louisiana territory back to France as part of Napoleon's secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. The territory nominally remained under Spanish control, until a transfer of power to France on 30 November 1803, just three weeks before the formal cession of the territory to the United States on 20 December 1803. A further ceremony was held in St. Louis a few months later partially due to winter conditions impeding the arrival of news, Upper Louisiana, regarding the New Orleans formalities. The 9 -- 10 March 1804 event is remembered as Three Flags Day.", "title": "Louisiana Purchase" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. It had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic of Texas, though the Texas annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified the southern and western boundary of Texas. The Mexican Cession (529,000 sq. miles) was the third largest acquisition of territory in US history. The largest was the Louisiana Purchase, with some 827,000 sq. miles, followed by the acquisition of Alaska (about 586,000 sq. miles).", "title": "Mexican Cession" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the British made peace with the Americans in the Treaty of Paris (1783), they ceded a vast amount of Native American territory (without the consent of the indigenous peoples) to the United States. The United States treated the Native Americans who had fought with the British as enemy allies, a conquered people who had lost their land. The federal government of the United States was eager to expand, and the national government did so by purchasing Native American land in treaties and through warfare.", "title": "American Indian Wars" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 79039, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "where is the home of the juicy lucy" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards", "id": 87157, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "what is the direction of flow of #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Jucy Lucy (sic) or Juicy Lucy is a cheeseburger that has the cheese inside the meat patty instead of on top, resulting in a melted core of cheese within the patty. Two bars in Minneapolis claim to be the inventor of the burger, though other bars and restaurants have created their own interpretations on the style.", "title": "Jucy Lucy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park.", "title": "Walker Pond" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound.", "title": "Mamaroneck River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Šešuvis is a river in western Lithuania and the main tributary of the Jūra River. Šešuvis begins northwest of Raseiniai and flows mostly in the southwest direction. Its main tributaries are the Ančia, Šaltuona, Agluona, Žalpė, and Įkojis rivers. There are almost no lakes in Šešuvis' basin therefore its water level is subject to great seasonal fluctuations.", "title": "Šešuvis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Man with the Iron Fists is a 2012 American martial arts film directed by RZA and written by RZA and Eli Roth. The film stars RZA, Russell Crowe, Cung Le, Lucy Liu, Byron Mann, Rick Yune, Dave Bautista, and Jamie Chung. Set in 19th century China, the story follows a series of lone warriors who are forced to unite to defeat a common foe and save their home of Jungle Village.", "title": "The Man with the Iron Fists" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "title": "Contoocook Lake" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water.", "title": "Potamogeton amplifolius" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite Sue's warning, Henry invites Lucy to have breakfast with him. Eventually she does, but it ends poorly when Henry unintentionally hurts Lucy's feelings. He follows her home to apologize where Marlin and Doug instruct Henry to leave Lucy alone. Henry begins concocting ways to run into Lucy on the following days, such as pretending to have car trouble, creating a fake road block, or by having Ula beat him up. Eventually, Marlin and Doug figure this out due to Lucy singing The Beach Boys' ``Would n't It Be Nice ''on the days when she meets Henry.", "title": "50 First Dates" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Michigan -- Huron (also Huron -- Michigan) is the combined waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, which are joined through the 5 - mile (8.0 km) wide, 20 - fathom (120 ft; 37 m) deep, open - water Straits of Mackinac. Huron and Michigan are hydrologically a single lake because the flow of water through the straits keeps their water levels in near - equilibrium. (Although the flow is generally eastward, the water moves in either direction depending on local conditions.) Combined, Lake Michigan -- Huron is the largest fresh water lake by area in the world. If Lake Huron and Lake Michigan are considered two separate lakes, Lake Superior is larger than either.", "title": "Lake Michigan–Huron" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water. The flow reappears on the surface at the northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau. The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne (\"Rhine Gutter\") and Seerhein. Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The peak flow over Horseshoe Falls was recorded at 225,000 cubic feet (6,400 m) per second. The average annual flow rate is 85,000 cubic feet (2,400 m) per second. Since the flow is a direct function of the Lake Erie water elevation, it typically peaks in late spring or early summer. During the summer months, at least 100,000 cubic feet (2,800 m) per second of water traverses the falls, some 90% of which goes over the Horseshoe Falls, while the balance is diverted to hydroelectric facilities. This is accomplished by employing a weir -- the International Control Dam -- with movable gates upstream from the Horseshoe Falls. The falls' flow is further halved at night, and, during the low tourist season in the winter, remains a minimum of 50,000 cubic feet (1,400 m) per second. Water diversion is regulated by the 1950 Niagara Treaty and is administered by the International Niagara Board of Control (IJC).", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia.", "title": "Sea of Sardinia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "title": "Powwow Pond" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Freaky Friday is a 2003 American fantasy comedy film directed by Mark Waters and written by Heather Hach and Leslie Dixon, based on the novel of the same name by Mary Rodgers. It stars Jamie Lee Curtis and Lindsay Lohan as a mother and daughter whose bodies are switched due to a mysterious and magical fortune cookie.", "title": "Freaky Friday (2003 film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucy Fallon Lucy Elizabeth Fallon (1995 - 11 - 13) 13 November 1995 (age 22) Blackpool, Lancashire, England Occupation Actress Years active 2015 -- present Known for Coronation Street (2015 --) Home town Cleveleys, Lancashire, England", "title": "Lucy Fallon" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucy and Ethel quickly became best friends, even though Ethel was older than Lucy. Upon moving to the city, Ricky ended up getting a job headlining the Club Tropicana where they were held over indefinitely. To Lucy, Ricky's career and days seemed so much more exciting than her days of cooking and cleaning. She desperately wanted to be a star and constantly tried to get into Ricky's act. Ricky wanted his wife to stay home and complete her homemaking duties. However, in spite of Ricky's reluctance and usual refusal to give her a part, Lucy usually found a way into the show.", "title": "Lucy and Ricky Ricardo" } ]

[ "Minnesota" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 152880, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "What city is Astronautalis from?" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards", "id": 87157, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "what is the direction of flow of #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water. The flow reappears on the surface at the northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau. The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne (\"Rhine Gutter\") and Seerhein. Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city.The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.The city's total area is 468.484 square miles (1,213.37 km2), including 302.643 sq mi (783.84 km2) of land and 165.841 sq mi (429.53 km2) of this is water.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An urban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water, while bio-swales throughout the city allow rainwater to percolate into and replenish the groundwater supply. The groundwater supply in turn plays an important role in the city's Sustainable Water Master Plan, whereby Santa Monica has set a goal of attaining 100% water independence by 2020. The city has numerous programs designed to promote water conservation among residents, including a rebate of $1.50 per square foot for those who convert water intensive lawns to more local drought-tolerant gardens that require less water.", "title": "Santa Monica, California" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.", "title": "Glacier" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hudson River is a 315 - mile (507 km) river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States. The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York, flows through the Hudson Valley, and eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean, between New York City and Jersey City. The river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York, and further north between New York counties. The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary occupying the Hudson Fjord, an inlet which formed during the most recent period of North American glaciation, estimated at 26,000 to 13,300 years ago. Tidal waters influence the Hudson's flow from as far north as Troy.", "title": "Hudson River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the Oklahoma River inside city limits). The North Canadian once had sufficient flow to flood every year, wreaking destruction on surrounding areas, including the central business district and the original Oklahoma City Zoo. In the 1940s, a dam was built on the river to manage the flood control and reduced its level. In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown. The city has three large lakes: Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser, in the northwestern quarter of the city; and the largest, Lake Stanley Draper, in the sparsely populated far southeast portion of the city.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.", "title": "Ekulu River" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Des Moines River () is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the upper Midwestern United States that is approximately long from its farther headwaters. The largest river flowing across the state of Iowa, it rises in southern Minnesota and flows across Iowa from northwest to southeast, passing from the glaciated plains into the unglaciated hills near the capital city of Des Moines, named after the river, in the center of the state. The river continues to flow at a southeastern direction away from Des Moines, later flowing directly into the Mississippi River.", "title": "Des Moines River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "title": "Astronautalis" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The peak flow over Horseshoe Falls was recorded at 225,000 cubic feet (6,400 m) per second. The average annual flow rate is 85,000 cubic feet (2,400 m) per second. Since the flow is a direct function of the Lake Erie water elevation, it typically peaks in late spring or early summer. During the summer months, at least 100,000 cubic feet (2,800 m) per second of water traverses the falls, some 90% of which goes over the Horseshoe Falls, while the balance is diverted to hydroelectric facilities. This is accomplished by employing a weir -- the International Control Dam -- with movable gates upstream from the Horseshoe Falls. The falls' flow is further halved at night, and, during the low tourist season in the winter, remains a minimum of 50,000 cubic feet (1,400 m) per second. Water diversion is regulated by the 1950 Niagara Treaty and is administered by the International Niagara Board of Control (IJC).", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dead Horse Bay is a small water body off Barren Island, between the Gerritsen Inlet and Rockaway Inlet in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.", "title": "Dead Horse Bay" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Wapizagonke Lake" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Huntington Lake is a reservoir in Fresno County, California on Big Creek, located in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 2,120 meters (6955 ft). Several smaller streams also flow into the lake and it receives additional water from the underground tunnels of Southern California Edison's Big Creek hydroelectric project. Water from the lake flows into Big Creek, but some is diverted by underground tunnels to the Eastwood Powerhouse, which discharges into Shaver Lake.", "title": "Huntington Lake" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Michigan -- Huron (also Huron -- Michigan) is the combined waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, which are joined through the 5 - mile (8.0 km) wide, 20 - fathom (120 ft; 37 m) deep, open - water Straits of Mackinac. Huron and Michigan are hydrologically a single lake because the flow of water through the straits keeps their water levels in near - equilibrium. (Although the flow is generally eastward, the water moves in either direction depending on local conditions.) Combined, Lake Michigan -- Huron is the largest fresh water lake by area in the world. If Lake Huron and Lake Michigan are considered two separate lakes, Lake Superior is larger than either.", "title": "Lake Michigan–Huron" } ]

[ "Minnesota" ]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 152880, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What city is Astronautalis from?" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "at the city of Cairo, Illinois", "id": 90707, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "where does #2 and ohio river meet" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.", "title": "Ekulu River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "title": "Astronautalis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound.", "title": "Mamaroneck River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is a subordinate body of the International Union of Geological Sciences—of which it is the largest body within the organisation—and of which it is essentially a permanent working subcommittee that meets far more regularly than the quadrennial meetings scheduled by the IUGS, when it meets as a congress or membership of the whole.", "title": "International Commission on Stratigraphy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Wapizagonke Lake" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec.", "title": "Beaurivage River" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Murraysville is an unincorporated community in northern Jackson County, West Virginia, United States, along the Ohio River across from Long Bottom, Ohio. It lies along Murraysville Road north of the city of Ripley, the county seat of Jackson County. Its elevation is 591 feet (180 m).", "title": "Murraysville, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The river then follows a roughly southwest and then west - northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west - southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the northern borders of West Virginia and Kentucky; and the southern borders of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, until it joins the Mississippi River at the city of Cairo, Illinois.", "title": "Ohio River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many of Ontario's most populous cities, including Toronto, Canada's most populous city, and Hamilton, are on the lake's northern or western shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontarí'io means \"Lake of Shining Waters\". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan.", "title": "Lake Ontario" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "title": "Powwow Pond" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dead Horse Bay is a small water body off Barren Island, between the Gerritsen Inlet and Rockaway Inlet in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.", "title": "Dead Horse Bay" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2006 study determined that Pittsburgh has 446 bridges, and with its proximity to three major rivers and countless hills and ravines, Pittsburgh is known as ``The City of Bridges ''. The city of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County are the largest owners of great bridges in the country, in proper proportion to their size, with the possible exception of the City of New York, which is built on an island and surrounded by large bodies of water.", "title": "List of bridges of Pittsburgh" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city.The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.The city's total area is 468.484 square miles (1,213.37 km2), including 302.643 sq mi (783.84 km2) of land and 165.841 sq mi (429.53 km2) of this is water.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Portage Diversion () (also known as the Assiniboine River Floodway) is a water control structure on the Assiniboine River near Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada. The project was made as part of a larger attempt to prevent flooding in the Red River Valley. The Portage Diversion consists of two separate gates which divert some of the flow of water in the Assiniboine River to a 29 km long diversion channel that empties into Lake Manitoba near Delta Beach. This helps prevent flooding on the Assiniboine down river from the diversion, including in Winnipeg, where the Assiniboine River meets the Red River.", "title": "Portage Diversion" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "title": "Contoocook Lake" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gumti Water Fountain is a monument in Faisalabad, Pakistan preserved from the British Raj era. It was built during the early nineteenth century and was a general meeting place of the city folk for local town meetings.", "title": "Gumti Water Fountain" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 635099, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Write This Down >> location of formation" }, { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 131926, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?" }, { "answer": "Treaty of Paris", "id": 13165, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.", "title": "Minneapolis" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Falling Waters is a census-designated place (CDP) on the Potomac River in Berkeley County, West Virginia. It is located along Williamsport Pike (US 11) north of Martinsburg. According to the 2010 census, Falling Waters has a population of 876. An 1887 \"Scientific American\" article claimed that the first U.S. railroad was built in Falling Waters in 1814.", "title": "Falling Waters, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raghunathrao, unwilling to give up his position of power, sought help from the British at Bombay and signed the Treaty of Surat on 6 March 1775. According to the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts. In return, the British promised to provide Raghunathrao with 2,500 soldiers.", "title": "First Anglo-Maratha War" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.", "title": "Military history of the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the British made peace with the Americans in the Treaty of Paris (1783), they ceded a vast amount of Native American territory (without the consent of the indigenous peoples) to the United States. The United States treated the Native Americans who had fought with the British as enemy allies, a conquered people who had lost their land. The federal government of the United States was eager to expand, and the national government did so by purchasing Native American land in treaties and through warfare.", "title": "American Indian Wars" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territorial waters or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low - water mark) of a coastal state. The territorial sea is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, although foreign ships (civilian) are allowed innocent passage through it, or transit passage for straits; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below. Adjustment of these boundaries is called, in international law, maritime delimitation.", "title": "Territorial waters" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kexholm County (, ) was a county of the Swedish Empire from 1634 to 1721, when the southern part was ceded to the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Nystad. The capital of the county was Kexholm (), which today is Priozersk.", "title": "Kexholm County" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "title": "Vatican City" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the \"Treaty of Cahuenga\" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was \"for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco,\" and the Mexican-American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, so as to include the entire bay within the United States.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo - French conflict. France ceded to Great Britain its territory east of the Mississippi. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.", "title": "French and Indian War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elliott Bay is a part of the Central Basin region of Puget Sound in the U.S. state of Washington that extends southeastward between West Point in the north and Alki Point in the south. Seattle was founded on this body of water in the 1850s and has since grown to encompass it completely. The waterway it provides to the Pacific Ocean has served as a key element of the city's economy, enabling the Port of Seattle to become one of the busiest ports in the United States.", "title": "Elliott Bay" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. It had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic of Texas, though the Texas annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified the southern and western boundary of Texas. The Mexican Cession (529,000 sq. miles) was the third largest acquisition of territory in US history. The largest was the Louisiana Purchase, with some 827,000 sq. miles, followed by the acquisition of Alaska (about 586,000 sq. miles).", "title": "Mexican Cession" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1798, Spain revoked the treaty allowing American use of New Orleans, greatly upsetting Americans. In 1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo took over from the Marquess of Casa Calvo, and restored the American right to deposit goods. However, in 1800 Spain had ceded the Louisiana territory back to France as part of Napoleon's secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. The territory nominally remained under Spanish control, until a transfer of power to France on 30 November 1803, just three weeks before the formal cession of the territory to the United States on 20 December 1803. A further ceremony was held in St. Louis a few months later partially due to winter conditions impeding the arrival of news, Upper Louisiana, regarding the New Orleans formalities. The 9 -- 10 March 1804 event is remembered as Three Flags Day.", "title": "Louisiana Purchase" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Write This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart.", "title": "Write This Down (band)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Date April 19, 1775 -- September 3, 1783 (8 years, 4 months and 15 days) Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 (9 years and 23 days) Location Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean Result Allied victory: Peace of Paris British recognition of American independence End of the First British Empire British retention of Canada and Gibraltar Territorial changes Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Great Britain", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, German and Soviet troops divided the territory of Poland. Thus, Eastern Galicia and Volhynia with their Ukrainian population became part of Ukraine. For the first time in history, the nation was united.In 1940, the Soviets annexed Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. The Ukrainian SSR incorporated the northern and southern districts of Bessarabia, northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region. But it ceded the western part of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the newly created Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. These territorial gains of the USSR were internationally recognized by the Paris peace treaties of 1947.", "title": "Ukraine" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Cession of Manuʻa, also known as the Deed of Cession of Manuʻa, was a treaty between Tui Manuʻa Elisala and the United States signed on 16 July 1904 that ceded the islands of Manuʻa to the United States, which now forms part of American Samoa. It was ratified by the United States Congress by the Ratification Act of 1929.", "title": "Treaty of Cession of Manu'a" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Río Rico is a town located along the Rio Grande river in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is notable for its partial occupation of the Horcón Tract, a piece of land ceded by the United States to Mexico in 1977 under the terms of the Boundary Treaty of 1970.", "title": "Río Rico, Tamaulipas" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The province of Kanije was established in 1600 after the town of Kanije was captured from Habsburgs. This newly conquered area was joined with territory of Zigetvar Province, which was formed in 1596 from some sanjaks of Budin Province (which had been expanded as a result of the Ottoman territorial gains during the Long War) and Bosnia Province. The Kanije Eyalet existed until the capture of Kanije by Habsburg Monarchy in 1690. It was formally ceded to Habsburg Monarchy by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699.", "title": "Kanije Eyalet" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "The Yankees", "id": 93066, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "who won the american league east in 2017" }, { "answer": "after the World Series", "id": 88342, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award" }, { "answer": "the 2009 season", "id": 47738, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "when did the #1 last play in #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in twelve. Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox 'home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The ``Red Sox ''name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the`` Boston Red Stockings'', including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.", "title": "Boston Red Sox" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman.", "title": "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacob Todd Odorizzi (born March 27, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2012 with the Kansas City Royals, and also played for the Tampa Bay Rays from 2013 through 2017.", "title": "Jake Odorizzi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2003 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2003 season. The 99th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Florida Marlins and the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees; the Marlins defeated the heavily favored Yankees, four games to two. The series was played from October 18 -- 25, 2003. This is the most recent Series in which the losing team outscored the winning team; the Yankees lost, despite outscoring the Marlins 21 -- 17 in the Series. This was the Marlins' second World Series championship win, having won their first in 1997. As of 2017, this is the Marlins' last appearance not only in the World Series, but in the postseason at all.", "title": "2003 World Series" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Induction 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)", "title": "Roberto Clemente" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)", "title": "Roberto Clemente" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "MLB Tonight is the signature program that airs on MLB Network and is simulcast on MLB Network Radio. The show offers complete coverage of all Major League Baseball games from 6pm ET till 1am ET during the regular season, and gives news from all 30 MLB teams during the offseason. It is taped live in Studio 3 of the MLB Network facility in Secaucus, New Jersey, but also features segments taped in Studio 42. The program aired from the beginning of Spring Training to the end of the World Series and was replaced in the offseason by \"Hot Stove\", until it started to air in the offseason, and \"Hot Stove\" became MLB Network's weekday morning show. The show won the Sports Emmy Award for best Daily Outstanding Studio Show for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2015.", "title": "MLB Tonight" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robinson had an exceptional 10 - year MLB career. He was the recipient of the inaugural MLB Rookie of the Year Award in 1947, was an All - Star for six consecutive seasons from 1949 through 1954, and won the National League Most Valuable Player Award in 1949 -- the first black player so honored. Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers' 1955 World Series championship.", "title": "Jackie Robinson" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Yankees upset the heavily - favored Cleveland Indians 3 -- 2 in the ALDS to advance. This is the Yankees' 16th appearance in the ALCS, and their second as a Wild Card. Their last ALCS appearance came in the 2012 American League Championship Series where they got swept by the Detroit Tigers. They had won in eleven of their previous fifteen appearances. This is the sixth straight year in which an AL East team has made it to the ALCS.", "title": "2017 American League Championship Series" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won nine World Series championships, tied for the third-most of any MLB team, and they have played in 13. Their most recent appearance and win was in . In addition, they won the American League pennant, but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series. Founded in as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since . The \"Red Sox\" name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, \"circa\" 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the \"Boston Red Stockings\", including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.", "title": "Boston Red Sox" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Over his career, Brady has won two league MVP awards, five Super Bowls, and four Super Bowl MVP Awards. A 12 - time Pro Bowler, Brady has also twice led the NFL in passing yardage. As of November 2017, he currently owns the third - highest career passer rating (97.9) among quarterbacks with at least 1,500 career passing attempts. He has thrown for more passing yards and touchdowns than any quarterback in NFL postseason history; he also has won more playoff games than any other quarterback. As a result of his highly successful career, Brady is rated among the greatest quarterbacks of all time.", "title": "Tom Brady" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.", "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any other player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association, and National Football League). Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team.", "title": "Hart Memorial Trophy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series was played between October 24 and November 1. It was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV.", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Miguel Cabrera Torres (born April 18, 1983), commonly known as Miguel Cabrera and nicknamed \"Miggy\", is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He is the first baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Since his debut in 2003 he has been a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, a four-time AL batting champion, and an 11-time MLB All-Star. He has played at first and third base for most of his major league career, but primarily played left and right field before 2006. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012, the first to do so in 45 seasons.", "title": "Miguel Cabrera" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Willie Mays World Series MVP Award George Springer, 2017 World Series MVP Given for Annual Most Valuable Player of the World Series Country United States Presented by Major League Baseball History First award 1955 Most recent George Springer, 2017 Houston Astros", "title": "World Series Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 22 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996.", "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 17 Rookie of the Year Award winners, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996.", "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the off - season, the Yankees retooled their roster with several star free agent acquisitions, including CC Sabathia, Mark Teixeira, and A.J. Burnett. At the beginning of the 2009 season, the Yankees opened the new Yankee Stadium, located just a block north on River Avenue from their former home. The Yankees set a major league record by playing error - free ball for 18 consecutive games from May 14 to June 1, 2009. The Yankees finished first in the AL East. In the ALDS they defeated the Twins in a sweep before moving on to the ALCS where the Yankees defeated Angels in six games. They defeated the defending champions, the Philadelphia Phillies, in Game 6 of the World Series 7 -- 3, to take the series 4 -- 2, their 27th World Series title.", "title": "New York Yankees" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mays won two National League (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards, ended his career with 660 home runs - third at the time of his retirement and currently fifth all - time - and won a record - tying 12 Gold Glove awards beginning in 1957, when the award was introduced.", "title": "Willie Mays" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "The Yankees", "id": 93066, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "who won the american league east in 2017" }, { "answer": "after the World Series", "id": 88342, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award" }, { "answer": "1981", "id": 90766, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "when was the last time the #1 and the dodgers met in #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Willie Mays World Series MVP Award George Springer, 2017 World Series MVP Given for Annual Most Valuable Player of the World Series Country United States Presented by Major League Baseball History First award 1955 Most recent George Springer, 2017 Houston Astros", "title": "World Series Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Among second basemen, Ryne Sandberg, who played 15 seasons with the Chicago Cubs in his 16 - year career, owns the most Silver Sluggers with seven wins, including five consecutive from 1988 to 1992. Three other National League players have won the award four times. Jeff Kent (2000 -- 2002, 2005) won three consecutive awards with the San Francisco Giants before adding a fourth with the Los Angeles Dodgers; Craig Biggio, who played his entire career with the Houston Astros, won the award four times as a second baseman (1994 -- 1995, 1997 -- 1998) after winning another as a catcher. Chase Utley followed Kent's last win by capturing four consecutive awards (2006 -- 2009). Three American League players are also four - time winners at second base. Roberto Alomar won the award at the same position with three different teams (Baltimore Orioles, Toronto Blue Jays, Cleveland Indians). Julio Franco won four consecutive awards (1988 -- 1991) with two different teams, and Lou Whitaker won four awards in five years (1983 -- 1985, 1987) with the Detroit Tigers. José Altuve and Dee Gordon are the most recent winners.", "title": "List of Silver Slugger Award winners at second base" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2nd round of the 1984 MLB amateur draft, Scott made his Major League Baseball debut with the San Diego Padres on June 25, 1991. His final game in the major leagues came on July 2, 1997. His first professional season was in 1984, playing for Los Angeles' rookie league Great Falls Dodgers. He played his last professional season in 2001, playing for the New York Yankees' Triple-A Columbus Clippers.", "title": "Tim Scott (baseball)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Astros clinched their first division title as a member of the American League West division, and first division title overall since 2001. They also became the first team in Major League history to win three different divisions, the National League West in 1980 and 1986, the National League Central from 1997 -- 1999 and 2001, and now the American League West in 2017. On September 29, the Astros won their 100th game of the season, the second time the Astros finished a season with over 100 wins (the other time was in 1998). They finished 101 -- 61 (with a 21 - game lead in the division), and faced the Red Sox in the second round of the AL playoffs. The Astros defeated the Red Sox three games to one, and advanced to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees. The Astros won the ALCS four games to three, and advanced to the World Series to play against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros defeated the Dodgers in the deciding seventh game of the World Series, winning the first championship in franchise history.", "title": "Houston Astros" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV.", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.", "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Dodgers -- Yankees rivalry is a Major League Baseball (MLB) rivalry between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the New York Yankees. The Dodgers are a member club of the National League (NL) West division, and the Yankees are a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The rivalry between the Dodgers and Yankees is one of the most well - known rivalries in Major League Baseball. The two teams have met 11 times in the World Series, more times than any other pair of teams from the American and National Leagues. The initial significance was embodied in the two teams' proximity in New York City, when the Dodgers initially played in Brooklyn. After the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1958, the rivalry retained its significance as the two teams represented the dominant cities on each coast of the United States, and since the 1980s, the two largest cities in the United States. The Dodgers currently lead the regular season series 7 - 6. Although the rivalry's significance arose from the two teams' numerous World Series meetings, the Yankees and Dodgers have not met in the World Series since 1981. They would not play each other in a non-exhibition game until 2004, when they played a 3 - game interleague series. Nevertheless, games between the two teams have become quite popular and draw sellout crowds.", "title": "Dodgers–Yankees rivalry" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of former MLB catcher and longtime Boston scout Joe Stephenson, Jerry Stephenson spent 36 years as a Major League scout with the Dodgers (1974–94) and Red Sox (1995–2009) before his retirement to part-time status after the season. His son Brian Stephenson, a former minor league pitcher, is a regional crosschecker for the Dodgers — the third generation of the family to serve as an MLB scout.", "title": "Jerry Stephenson" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robinson had an exceptional 10 - year MLB career. He was the recipient of the inaugural MLB Rookie of the Year Award in 1947, was an All - Star for six consecutive seasons from 1949 through 1954, and won the National League Most Valuable Player Award in 1949 -- the first black player so honored. Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers' 1955 World Series championship.", "title": "Jackie Robinson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any other player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association, and National Football League). Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team.", "title": "Hart Memorial Trophy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 22 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996.", "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Over his career, Brady has won two league MVP awards, five Super Bowls, and four Super Bowl MVP Awards. A 12 - time Pro Bowler, Brady has also twice led the NFL in passing yardage. As of November 2017, he currently owns the third - highest career passer rating (97.9) among quarterbacks with at least 1,500 career passing attempts. He has thrown for more passing yards and touchdowns than any quarterback in NFL postseason history; he also has won more playoff games than any other quarterback. As a result of his highly successful career, Brady is rated among the greatest quarterbacks of all time.", "title": "Tom Brady" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zachary Harrison Wheeler (born May 30, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was drafted by the San Francisco Giants with the sixth overall pick in the 2009 MLB Draft. Wheeler was then traded to the Mets in 2011, and made his major league debut with the team in 2013. Prior to being drafted he attended East Paulding High School in Dallas, Georgia.", "title": "Zack Wheeler" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dustin Luis Pedroia (born August 17, 1983) is an American baseball second baseman for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is a four - time All - Star and an American League (AL) Most Valuable Player award winner, who has also received four Gold Glove Awards and a single Silver Slugger award.", "title": "Dustin Pedroia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. The Dodgers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. Established in 1883 in Brooklyn, New York, the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium in 1962.", "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Miguel Cabrera Torres (born April 18, 1983), commonly known as Miguel Cabrera and nicknamed \"Miggy\", is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He is the first baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Since his debut in 2003 he has been a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, a four-time AL batting champion, and an 11-time MLB All-Star. He has played at first and third base for most of his major league career, but primarily played left and right field before 2006. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012, the first to do so in 45 seasons.", "title": "Miguel Cabrera" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Curtis Granderson Granderson with the Toronto Blue Jays in 2018 Toronto Blue Jays -- No. 18 Outfielder Born: (1981 - 03 - 16) March 16, 1981 (age 37) Blue Island, Illinois Bats: Left Throws: Right MLB debut September 13, 2004, for the Detroit Tigers MLB statistics (through July 7, 2018) Batting average. 252 Hits 1,711 Home runs 328 Runs batted in 893 Runs 1,145 Stolen bases 152 Teams Detroit Tigers (2004 -- 2009) New York Yankees (2010 -- 2013) New York Mets (2014 -- 2017) Los Angeles Dodgers (2017) Toronto Blue Jays (2018 -- present) Career highlights and awards 3 × All - Star (2009, 2011, 2012) Silver Slugger Award (2011) AL RBI leader (2011) Roberto Clemente Award (2016) 2 × Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award (2009, 2016)", "title": "Curtis Granderson" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mays won two National League (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards, ended his career with 660 home runs - third at the time of his retirement and currently fifth all - time - and won a record - tying 12 Gold Glove awards beginning in 1957, when the award was introduced.", "title": "Willie Mays" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Yankees upset the heavily - favored Cleveland Indians 3 -- 2 in the ALDS to advance. This is the Yankees' 16th appearance in the ALCS, and their second as a Wild Card. Their last ALCS appearance came in the 2012 American League Championship Series where they got swept by the Detroit Tigers. They had won in eleven of their previous fifteen appearances. This is the sixth straight year in which an AL East team has made it to the ALCS.", "title": "2017 American League Championship Series" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 17 Rookie of the Year Award winners, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996.", "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "East Germany", "id": 532517, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Karl Maron >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "German Democratic Republic", "id": 214799, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Literature of #1 >> country" }, { "answer": "GDR", "id": 259594, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Border Troops of #2 >> country" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans.", "title": "Zacuscă" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karl Johan Baadsvik (22 August 1910 – 5 October 1995) was a Canadian skier, born in Hitra, Norway. He competed in ski jumping, cross country skiing, Nordic combined and alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.", "title": "Karl Johan Baadsvik" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Karl Maron (27 April 1903 – 2 February 1975) was a German politician, who served as the interior minister of East Germany. He also assumed different posts in East Germany's government.", "title": "Karl Maron" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany.", "title": "Literature of East Germany" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west; Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At , Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world. It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe.", "title": "Geography of Sweden" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henri Markarian, better known as Marc Aryan (14 November 1926 in Valence, France – 30 November 1985 in Ohain, Belgium), was a French-Belgian singer, songwriter, and record producer of Armenian descent born as a French citizen, who also acquired Belgian citizenship after a long residency in the country.", "title": "Marc Aryan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turkey is situated in Anatolia (97%) and the Balkans (3%), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates of the country lie at: 39°00′N 35°00′E", "title": "Geography of Turkey" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.", "title": "Togo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ivo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and got citizenship two years later.", "title": "Ivo Werner" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as the Congo - Brazzaville, the Congo Republic, West Congo, the former French Congo, or simply the Congo, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon and the Atlantic Ocean to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Spain" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section).", "title": "Liechtenstein" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands.", "title": "North Korea" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf.", "title": "Heinz-Josef Große" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Sunshine is an album by Country music singer, Dottie West (released in 1973) based on the successful commercial/Country song of \"Country Sunshine\".", "title": "Country Sunshine (Dottie West album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metal Leading Producer Second Leading Producer Complete list Aluminium China Russia List of countries by aluminium production Bauxite Australia China List of countries by bauxite production Bismuth China Mexico List of countries by bismuth production Copper Chile China List of countries by copper production Gold China Australia List of countries by gold production Iron ore Australia Brazil List of countries by iron ore production Lithium Australia Chile List of countries by lithium production Manganese South Africa Australia List of countries by manganese production Mercury China Mexico List of countries by mercury production Mica China Russia List of countries by mica production Nickel Philippines Russia List of countries by nickel production Niobium Brazil Canada List of countries by niobium production Palladium Russia South Africa List of countries by palladium production Platinum South Africa Russia List of countries by platinum production Silver Mexico China List of countries by silver production Tin China Indonesia List of countries by tin production Titanium Australia South Africa (tied) List of countries by titanium production Zinc China Australia List of countries by zinc production", "title": "Lists of countries by mineral production" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa.", "title": "Canada" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\".", "title": "Cascade City" } ]

[ "German Democratic Republic", "East Germany" ]

[ { "answer": "after the World Series", "id": 88342, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award" }, { "answer": "The Yankees", "id": 93066, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "who won the american league east in 2017" }, { "answer": "the 2009 season", "id": 47738, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "when did the #2 last play in #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chreng Polroth (born 4 July 1997) is a Cambodian footballer who plays for the Cambodia national football team. Polroth won the best player of the season award for his best performance in 2017 Cambodian League .", "title": "Chrerng Polroth" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lin Chih-chieh (; born 11 June 1982 in Hualien County, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese professional basketball player of Amis descent. During his career with the Taiwan Beer club of the Super Basketball League (SBL), Lin has won one Regular Season most valuable player (MVP) award, two back-to-back Championship Series MVP awards, and two scoring champion titles. Dubbed \"The Beast\" (野獸) by local media, Lin is renowned for his ability to boost his team's morale by making sensational plays and is among the most beloved basketball players in Taiwan.", "title": "Lin Chih-chieh" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series was played between October 24 and November 1. It was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV.", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Willie Mays World Series MVP Award George Springer, 2017 World Series MVP Given for Annual Most Valuable Player of the World Series Country United States Presented by Major League Baseball History First award 1955 Most recent George Springer, 2017 Houston Astros", "title": "World Series Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 22 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996.", "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV.", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.", "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mays won two National League (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards, ended his career with 660 home runs - third at the time of his retirement and currently fifth all - time - and won a record - tying 12 Gold Glove awards beginning in 1957, when the award was introduced.", "title": "Willie Mays" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the off - season, the Yankees retooled their roster with several star free agent acquisitions, including CC Sabathia, Mark Teixeira, and A.J. Burnett. At the beginning of the 2009 season, the Yankees opened the new Yankee Stadium, located just a block north on River Avenue from their former home. The Yankees set a major league record by playing error - free ball for 18 consecutive games from May 14 to June 1, 2009. The Yankees finished first in the AL East. In the ALDS they defeated the Twins in a sweep before moving on to the ALCS where the Yankees defeated Angels in six games. They defeated the defending champions, the Philadelphia Phillies, in Game 6 of the World Series 7 -- 3, to take the series 4 -- 2, their 27th World Series title.", "title": "New York Yankees" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Over his career, Brady has won two league MVP awards, five Super Bowls, and four Super Bowl MVP Awards. A 12 - time Pro Bowler, Brady has also twice led the NFL in passing yardage. As of November 2017, he currently owns the third - highest career passer rating (97.9) among quarterbacks with at least 1,500 career passing attempts. He has thrown for more passing yards and touchdowns than any quarterback in NFL postseason history; he also has won more playoff games than any other quarterback. As a result of his highly successful career, Brady is rated among the greatest quarterbacks of all time.", "title": "Tom Brady" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Miguel Cabrera Torres (born April 18, 1983), commonly known as Miguel Cabrera and nicknamed \"Miggy\", is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He is the first baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Since his debut in 2003 he has been a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, a four-time AL batting champion, and an 11-time MLB All-Star. He has played at first and third base for most of his major league career, but primarily played left and right field before 2006. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012, the first to do so in 45 seasons.", "title": "Miguel Cabrera" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won nine World Series championships, tied for the third-most of any MLB team, and they have played in 13. Their most recent appearance and win was in . In addition, they won the American League pennant, but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series. Founded in as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since . The \"Red Sox\" name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, \"circa\" 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the \"Boston Red Stockings\", including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.", "title": "Boston Red Sox" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "MLB Tonight is the signature program that airs on MLB Network and is simulcast on MLB Network Radio. The show offers complete coverage of all Major League Baseball games from 6pm ET till 1am ET during the regular season, and gives news from all 30 MLB teams during the offseason. It is taped live in Studio 3 of the MLB Network facility in Secaucus, New Jersey, but also features segments taped in Studio 42. The program aired from the beginning of Spring Training to the end of the World Series and was replaced in the offseason by \"Hot Stove\", until it started to air in the offseason, and \"Hot Stove\" became MLB Network's weekday morning show. The show won the Sports Emmy Award for best Daily Outstanding Studio Show for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2015.", "title": "MLB Tonight" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in twelve. Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox 'home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The ``Red Sox ''name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the`` Boston Red Stockings'', including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.", "title": "Boston Red Sox" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2003 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2003 season. The 99th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Florida Marlins and the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees; the Marlins defeated the heavily favored Yankees, four games to two. The series was played from October 18 -- 25, 2003. This is the most recent Series in which the losing team outscored the winning team; the Yankees lost, despite outscoring the Marlins 21 -- 17 in the Series. This was the Marlins' second World Series championship win, having won their first in 1997. As of 2017, this is the Marlins' last appearance not only in the World Series, but in the postseason at all.", "title": "2003 World Series" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacob Todd Odorizzi (born March 27, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2012 with the Kansas City Royals, and also played for the Tampa Bay Rays from 2013 through 2017.", "title": "Jake Odorizzi" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any other player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association, and National Football League). Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team.", "title": "Hart Memorial Trophy" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)", "title": "Roberto Clemente" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Yankees upset the heavily - favored Cleveland Indians 3 -- 2 in the ALDS to advance. This is the Yankees' 16th appearance in the ALCS, and their second as a Wild Card. Their last ALCS appearance came in the 2012 American League Championship Series where they got swept by the Detroit Tigers. They had won in eleven of their previous fifteen appearances. This is the sixth straight year in which an AL East team has made it to the ALCS.", "title": "2017 American League Championship Series" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Induction 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)", "title": "Roberto Clemente" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "after the World Series", "id": 88342, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award" }, { "answer": "The Yankees", "id": 93066, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "who won the american league east in 2017" }, { "answer": "1981", "id": 90766, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "when was the last time the #2 and the dodgers met in #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1955 World Series matched the Brooklyn Dodgers against the New York Yankees, with the Dodgers winning the Series in seven games to capture their first championship in franchise history. It would be the only Series the Dodgers won in Brooklyn, as the team relocated to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. This was the fifth time in nine years that the Yankees and the Dodgers met in the World Series, with the Yankees having won in 1947, 1949, 1952, and 1953; the Yankees would also win in the 1956 rematch.", "title": "1955 World Series" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Yankees upset the heavily - favored Cleveland Indians 3 -- 2 in the ALDS to advance. This is the Yankees' 16th appearance in the ALCS, and their second as a Wild Card. Their last ALCS appearance came in the 2012 American League Championship Series where they got swept by the Detroit Tigers. They had won in eleven of their previous fifteen appearances. This is the sixth straight year in which an AL East team has made it to the ALCS.", "title": "2017 American League Championship Series" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dustin Luis Pedroia (born August 17, 1983) is an American baseball second baseman for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is a four - time All - Star and an American League (AL) Most Valuable Player award winner, who has also received four Gold Glove Awards and a single Silver Slugger award.", "title": "Dustin Pedroia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Among second basemen, Ryne Sandberg, who played 15 seasons with the Chicago Cubs in his 16 - year career, owns the most Silver Sluggers with seven wins, including five consecutive from 1988 to 1992. Three other National League players have won the award four times. Jeff Kent (2000 -- 2002, 2005) won three consecutive awards with the San Francisco Giants before adding a fourth with the Los Angeles Dodgers; Craig Biggio, who played his entire career with the Houston Astros, won the award four times as a second baseman (1994 -- 1995, 1997 -- 1998) after winning another as a catcher. Chase Utley followed Kent's last win by capturing four consecutive awards (2006 -- 2009). Three American League players are also four - time winners at second base. Roberto Alomar won the award at the same position with three different teams (Baltimore Orioles, Toronto Blue Jays, Cleveland Indians). Julio Franco won four consecutive awards (1988 -- 1991) with two different teams, and Lou Whitaker won four awards in five years (1983 -- 1985, 1987) with the Detroit Tigers. José Altuve and Dee Gordon are the most recent winners.", "title": "List of Silver Slugger Award winners at second base" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any other player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association, and National Football League). Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team.", "title": "Hart Memorial Trophy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.", "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Astros clinched their first division title as a member of the American League West division, and first division title overall since 2001. They also became the first team in Major League history to win three different divisions, the National League West in 1980 and 1986, the National League Central from 1997 -- 1999 and 2001, and now the American League West in 2017. On September 29, the Astros won their 100th game of the season, the second time the Astros finished a season with over 100 wins (the other time was in 1998). They finished 101 -- 61 (with a 21 - game lead in the division), and faced the Red Sox in the second round of the AL playoffs. The Astros defeated the Red Sox three games to one, and advanced to the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees. The Astros won the ALCS four games to three, and advanced to the World Series to play against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros defeated the Dodgers in the deciding seventh game of the World Series, winning the first championship in franchise history.", "title": "Houston Astros" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Over his career, Brady has won two league MVP awards, five Super Bowls, and four Super Bowl MVP Awards. A 12 - time Pro Bowler, Brady has also twice led the NFL in passing yardage. As of November 2017, he currently owns the third - highest career passer rating (97.9) among quarterbacks with at least 1,500 career passing attempts. He has thrown for more passing yards and touchdowns than any quarterback in NFL postseason history; he also has won more playoff games than any other quarterback. As a result of his highly successful career, Brady is rated among the greatest quarterbacks of all time.", "title": "Tom Brady" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Miguel Cabrera Torres (born April 18, 1983), commonly known as Miguel Cabrera and nicknamed \"Miggy\", is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He is the first baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Since his debut in 2003 he has been a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, a four-time AL batting champion, and an 11-time MLB All-Star. He has played at first and third base for most of his major league career, but primarily played left and right field before 2006. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012, the first to do so in 45 seasons.", "title": "Miguel Cabrera" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of former MLB catcher and longtime Boston scout Joe Stephenson, Jerry Stephenson spent 36 years as a Major League scout with the Dodgers (1974–94) and Red Sox (1995–2009) before his retirement to part-time status after the season. His son Brian Stephenson, a former minor league pitcher, is a regional crosschecker for the Dodgers — the third generation of the family to serve as an MLB scout.", "title": "Jerry Stephenson" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 22 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996.", "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robinson had an exceptional 10 - year MLB career. He was the recipient of the inaugural MLB Rookie of the Year Award in 1947, was an All - Star for six consecutive seasons from 1949 through 1954, and won the National League Most Valuable Player Award in 1949 -- the first black player so honored. Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers' 1955 World Series championship.", "title": "Jackie Robinson" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mays won two National League (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards, ended his career with 660 home runs - third at the time of his retirement and currently fifth all - time - and won a record - tying 12 Gold Glove awards beginning in 1957, when the award was introduced.", "title": "Willie Mays" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV.", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2nd round of the 1984 MLB amateur draft, Scott made his Major League Baseball debut with the San Diego Padres on June 25, 1991. His final game in the major leagues came on July 2, 1997. His first professional season was in 1984, playing for Los Angeles' rookie league Great Falls Dodgers. He played his last professional season in 2001, playing for the New York Yankees' Triple-A Columbus Clippers.", "title": "Tim Scott (baseball)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Willie Mays World Series MVP Award George Springer, 2017 World Series MVP Given for Annual Most Valuable Player of the World Series Country United States Presented by Major League Baseball History First award 1955 Most recent George Springer, 2017 Houston Astros", "title": "World Series Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman.", "title": "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Dodgers -- Yankees rivalry is a Major League Baseball (MLB) rivalry between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the New York Yankees. The Dodgers are a member club of the National League (NL) West division, and the Yankees are a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The rivalry between the Dodgers and Yankees is one of the most well - known rivalries in Major League Baseball. The two teams have met 11 times in the World Series, more times than any other pair of teams from the American and National Leagues. The initial significance was embodied in the two teams' proximity in New York City, when the Dodgers initially played in Brooklyn. After the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1958, the rivalry retained its significance as the two teams represented the dominant cities on each coast of the United States, and since the 1980s, the two largest cities in the United States. The Dodgers currently lead the regular season series 7 - 6. Although the rivalry's significance arose from the two teams' numerous World Series meetings, the Yankees and Dodgers have not met in the World Series since 1981. They would not play each other in a non-exhibition game until 2004, when they played a 3 - game interleague series. Nevertheless, games between the two teams have become quite popular and draw sellout crowds.", "title": "Dodgers–Yankees rivalry" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 17 Rookie of the Year Award winners, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996.", "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Curtis Granderson Granderson with the Toronto Blue Jays in 2018 Toronto Blue Jays -- No. 18 Outfielder Born: (1981 - 03 - 16) March 16, 1981 (age 37) Blue Island, Illinois Bats: Left Throws: Right MLB debut September 13, 2004, for the Detroit Tigers MLB statistics (through July 7, 2018) Batting average. 252 Hits 1,711 Home runs 328 Runs batted in 893 Runs 1,145 Stolen bases 152 Teams Detroit Tigers (2004 -- 2009) New York Yankees (2010 -- 2013) New York Mets (2014 -- 2017) Los Angeles Dodgers (2017) Toronto Blue Jays (2018 -- present) Career highlights and awards 3 × All - Star (2009, 2011, 2012) Silver Slugger Award (2011) AL RBI leader (2011) Roberto Clemente Award (2016) 2 × Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award (2009, 2016)", "title": "Curtis Granderson" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 76623, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "who was crowned emperor of the west in 800 ce" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. The Hindu-Arabic numerals, a positional numeral system, originated in India and was later transmitted to the West through the Arabs. Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors in India.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis II, known as Louis the Stammerer (; 1 November 846 – 10 April 879), was the King of Aquitaine and later the King of West Francia. He was the eldest son of emperor Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans. Louis the Stammerer was physically weak and outlived his father by only two years.", "title": "Louis the Stammerer" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, the son of the famed official and calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Her mother Princess Xin'an was the daughter of Emperor Jianwen, making her and her husband cousins. In 396, while he was still crown prince under his father Emperor Xiaowu, they married, and she became crown empress. She was 12, and he was 14. As he was described to be so developmentally disabled that he could not speak or dress himself, or express whether he was full or hungry, it was unlikely that their marriage was consummated; in any case, they had no children. Later that year, after Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after humiliating her, Emperor An became emperor. In 397, she was created empress.", "title": "Wang Shen'ai" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sadnalegs () or Tridé Songtsen (), was the youngest son of King Trisong Detsen of Tibet (reigned 800–815 CE – though various accounts give the beginning of his reign as 797 or 804 CE).", "title": "Sadnalegs" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries.", "title": "Holy Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harsha (c. 590–647 CE), also known as Harshavardhana, was an Indian emperor who ruled North India from 606 to 647 CE. He was a member of the Vardhana dynasty; and was the son of Prabhakarvardhana who defeated the Alchon Huna invaders, and the younger brother of Rajyavardhana, a king of Thanesar, present-day Haryana. At the height of Harsha's power, his Empire covered much of North and Northwestern India, extended East till Kamarupa, and South until Narmada River; and eventually made Kannauj (in present Uttar Pradesh state) his capital, and ruled till 647 CE. Harsha was halted by the south Indian Emperor Pulakeshin II of the Chalukya dynasty, when Harsha tried to expand his Empire into the southern peninsula of India.", "title": "Harsha" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liu Ju (; 128–91 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (衛太子) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (戾太子, literally \"the Unrepentant Crown Prince\") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion.", "title": "Liu Ju" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gold Crown Tomb (Geumgwanchong), is a Silla tumulus located in modern-day Gyeongju, South Korea, the former capital of the ancient Silla Kingdom. Believed to date from the fifth or sixth century CE, the tomb was excavated in 1921. It was the first tomb that was found to contain a gold crown of the Silla royalty, and is still the largest crown excavated thus far. The tomb takes its name from the crown. Over 40,000 other artifacts were recovered from the tomb, including \"gold, silver, and bronze vessels, gold and silver weapons, gilt-bronze plate armor, stoneware vessels, 20,000 mainly blue Indo-Pacific beads, and horse fittings.\"", "title": "Gold Crown Tomb" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Provincia Ivdaea Province of the Roman Empire ← 6 CE -- 135 CE → Capital Caesarea Maritima 32 ° 30 ′ N 34 ° 54 ′ E  /  32.500 ° N 34.900 ° E  / 32.500; 34.900 Coordinates: 32 ° 30 ′ N 34 ° 54 ′ E  /  32.500 ° N 34.900 ° E  / 32.500; 34.900 Prefects before 41, Procurators after 44 6 -- 9 CE Coponius 26 -- 36 CE Pontius Pilate 64 -- 66 CE Gessius Florus 117 CE Lusius Quietus 130 -- 132 CE Tineius Rufus King of the Jews 41 -- 44 Agrippa I 48 -- 93 / 100 Agrippa II Legislature Synedrion / Sanhedrin Historical era Roman Principate Census of Quirinius 6 CE Crisis under Caligula 37 -- 41 CE Incorporation of Galilee and Peraea 44 CE Destruction of the Second Temple August 4, 70 CE Governor of praetorian rank & given the 10th Legion c. 74 CE Bar Kokhba revolt 132 -- 135 CE 135 CE Today part of Israel Jordan West Bank Before August 4, 70 is referred to as Second Temple Judaism, from which the Tannaim and Early Christianity emerged.", "title": "Judea (Roman province)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\".", "title": "Gaius Julius Priscus" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The beginning of the Shaka era is now widely equated to the ascension of king Chashtana in 78 CE. His inscriptions, dated to the years 11 and 52, have been found at Andhau in Kutch region. These years are interpreted as Shaka years 11 (89 CE) and 52 (130 CE).", "title": "Shaka era" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of Hawaii describes the era of human settlements in the Hawaiian Islands. That history begins sometime between 124 and 800 CE, with some theories dating the earliest Polynesian settlements to the 10th or even 13th century. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers found and began settling the area. This began the rise of the Hawaiian civilization. It remained isolated from the rest of the world for another 500 years.", "title": "History of Hawaii" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chen Yuan was the fourth son of Chen Shubao, and the oldest son of Chen Shubao's favorite concubine Consort Zhang Lihua. His exact birth year is not known. At the time of Chen Yuan's birth, Chen Shubao was crown prince under Chen Yuan's grandfather Emperor Xuan. On her account, Chen Shubao also greatly favored Chen Yuan, but at the order of Emperor Xuan, Chen Yuan's older brother Chen Yin, Chen Shubao's oldest son, was designated heir. (Chen Yin was also not born of Chen Shubao's wife Crown Princess Shen Wuhua, but Crown Princess Shen raised him after Chen Yin's mother Consort Sun died in childbirth in 573).", "title": "Chen Yuan (prince)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later invalidly canonized by the antipope Paschal III.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Remojadas () is a name applied to a culture, an archaeological site, as well as an artistic style that flourished on Mexico's Veracruz Gulf Coast from perhaps 100 BCE to 800 CE. The Remojadas culture is considered part of the larger Classic Veracruz culture. Further research into the Remojadas culture is \"much needed\". The archaeological site has remained largely unexplored since the initial investigations by Alfonso Medellin Zenil in 1949 and 1950.", "title": "Remojadas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon. The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589 CE); the third stratum of pronunciations (typically literary ones) comes from the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and is based on the prestige dialect of Chang'an (modern day Xi'an), its capital.", "title": "Hokkien" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Consort Yujiulü (郁久閭椒房, personal name unknown) (died 452), formally Empress Gong (恭皇后, literally \"the respectful empress\"), was a consort of Tuoba Huang (Crown Prince Jingmu), a crown prince of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was the mother of Emperor Wencheng.", "title": "Consort Yujiulü" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 125104, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Who was Rotrude's father?" }, { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Father of Frankenstein is a 1995 novel by Christopher Bram which speculates on the last days of the life of film director James Whale. Whale directed such groundbreaking works as the 1931 \"Frankenstein\" and 1933's \"The Invisible Man\" and was a pioneer in the horror film genre.", "title": "Father of Frankenstein" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is not known where or when Li Kening was born, but it is known that he was Li Keyong's youngest brother and therefore would have been born after 856, when Li Keyong was born. Their father was the ethnic Shatuo general Li Guochang, whose name was originally Zhuye Chixin but was later bestowed the Tang Dynasty imperial clan name of Li and a new name of Guochang, but because Li Kening's birth year is unknown, it is not known whether he would have been born with the name of Li or Zhuye. He was said to be kind and filially pious, and (despite his eventual fate) described to be the most virtuous among Li Keyong's brothers and cousins.", "title": "Li Kening" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victorian era 1837 -- 1901 Queen Victoria by Bassano (1887) Preceded by Regency era Followed by Edwardian era Monarch Victoria Leader (s) Lord Melbourne Sir Robert Peel Lord John Russell Lord Derby Lord Aberdeen Lord Palmerston Benjamin Disraeli William Ewart Gladstone Lord Salisbury Lord Rosebery", "title": "Victorian era" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The personal lives of Malloy and Reed come up on occasion, and are always tied into their duties. Malloy is a bachelor who has at least two girlfriends during the course of the series (the last being Judy (Aneta Corsaut)), while Reed is married to a woman named Jean (played by several actresses including Kristin Nelson) and later becomes a father.", "title": "Adam-12" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first permanent European settlements in Canada were at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608 as fur trading posts. The territories of New France were Canada, Acadia (later renamed Nova Scotia), and Louisiana. The inhabitants of Canada called themselves the Canadiens, and came mostly from northwestern France. The early inhabitants of Acadia, or Acadiens, came mostly but not exclusively from the Southwestern region of France. Canadien explorers and fur traders would come to be known as coureurs des bois, while those who settled on farms in Canada would come to be known as habitants. Many French Canadians are the descendants of the King's Daughters of this era. Many also are the descendants of mixed French and Algonquin marriages.", "title": "French Canadians" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first written evidence of deities in Egypt comes from the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2686 BC). Deities must have emerged sometime in the preceding Predynastic Period (before 3100 BC) and grown out of prehistoric religious beliefs. Predynastic artwork depicts a variety of animal and human figures. Some of these images, such as stars and cattle, are reminiscent of important features of Egyptian religion in later times, but in most cases there is not enough evidence to say whether the images are connected with deities. As Egyptian society grew more sophisticated, clearer signs of religious activity appeared. The earliest known temples appeared in the last centuries of the predynastic era, along with images that resemble the iconographies of known deities: the falcon that represents Horus and several other gods, the crossed arrows that stand for Neith, and the enigmatic \"Set animal\" that represents Set.", "title": "Ancient Egyptian deities" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally described as the chief of evil spirits in Vedic - era texts, Kubera acquired the status of a Deva (god) only in the Purana s and the Hindu epics. The scriptures describe that Kubera once ruled Lanka, but was overthrown by his demon half - brother Ravana, later settling in the city of Alaka in the Himalayas. Descriptions of the ``glory ''and`` splendours'' of Kubera's city are found in many scriptures.", "title": "Kubera" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Georgian era is a period in British history from 1714 to , named after the Hanoverian kings George I, George II, George III and George IV. The sub-period that is the Regency era is defined by the regency of George IV as Prince of Wales during the illness of his father George III. The definition of the Georgian era is often extended to include the relatively short reign of William IV, which ended with his death in 1837.", "title": "Georgian era" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis, Duke of Burgundy and later Dauphin of France (16 August 1682 – 18 February 1712) was the eldest son of Louis, Grand Dauphin, and father of Louis XV, and briefly heir-apparent to the throne from his father's death in April 1711 to his own death 10 months later. Until he became the official Dauphin of France upon his father's death in 1711, he was known as Le Petit Dauphin to distinguish him from his father, who was known as \"le Grand Dauphin\". His legitimate male progeny died out in 1883.", "title": "Louis, Duke of Burgundy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born Douglas Behl in Elmira, New York, to Jean Melissa \"Missy\" (née Fairbairn) and Martin E. Behl. His father was born in Westphalen, Germany, and came to America as a toddler. His mother was born in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada. His parents moved around a lot, married in Cleveland, Ohio in 1918, they lived in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. His parents got a divorce when he was a child and he never saw his father again. (His father moved back to New York City and later died in Santa Barbara, California in 1967.) His mother later remarried, to Wesley Hibbard Bunce, and they moved to Coconut Grove, Florida in 1938. After going by Douglas Bunce for a time, although not officially, he legally changed his last name to his mother's maiden name in 1955.", "title": "Douglas Fairbairn" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albert Leopold Friedrich Christian Sylvester Anno Macarius, Prince of Saxony, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen (31 December 1893 – 9 August 1968) was the second son of Frederick Augustus III, the last reigning king of Saxony before the abolition of the monarchy in 1918. Upon his father's death in 1932, he became the head of the Royal House of Saxony. He was Captain à la suite in the Royal Bulgarian Infantry, and Grand Master of the Order of the Rue Crown, and also a Knight in the Order of the Black Eagle and Knight Grand Cross in the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. As head of the House of Wettin after 1932, he styled himself as \"Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen\".", "title": "Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (775/778 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.", "title": "Rotrude" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference. The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order. As a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer.", "title": "Imperialism" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The .250-3000 Savage is a rifle cartridge created by Charles Newton in 1915 and is also known as the .250 Savage. It was designed to be used in the Savage Model 99 hammerless lever action rifle. The name comes from its original manufacturer, Savage Arms, and the fact that the original load achieved a 3,000 ft/s (910 m/s) velocity with an 87 grain (5.6 g) bullet.", "title": ".250-3000 Savage" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than that of any of her predecessors and is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover. Her son and successor, Edward VII, initiated the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the line of his father.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Colorado and its counterpart, the GMC Canyon, is a series of compact and later mid-size pickup trucks marketed by American automaker General Motors. They were introduced in 2004 to replace the Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15/Sonoma compact pickups. It is named for the U.S. state of Colorado. Along with rival Ford Ranger, the GM twins were the last compact pickup trucks on sale until 2012.", "title": "Chevrolet Colorado" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greek surnames were widely in use by the 9th century supplanting the ancient tradition of using the father’s name, however Greek surnames are most commonly patronymics. Commonly, Greek male surnames end in -s, which is the common ending for Greek masculine proper nouns in the nominative case. Exceptionally, some end in -ou, indicating the genitive case of this proper noun for patronymic reasons. Although surnames in mainland Greece are static today, dynamic and changing patronymic usage survives in middle names where the genitive of father's first name is commonly the middle name (this usage having been passed on to the Russians). In Cyprus, by contrast, surnames follow the ancient tradition of being given according to the father’s name. Finally, in addition to Greek-derived surnames many have Latin, Turkish and Italian origin.", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nick Kroll as: Nick Birch, an adolescent boy, with a mother named Diane who babies him and father named Elliot who overshares. He also has an older brother named Judd and a sister named Leah. Maurice the Hormone Monster, a wild thing - type monster who follows Andrew around and is responsible for his brooding sexual desires, which frequently occur at inappropriate moments. Coach Steve, the middle school gym class teacher, who is incompetent and overly talkative, often trying to get his colleagues -- or even the students -- to hang out (often to no avail). It is heavily implied that the coach may be mentally disabled. Kroll also voices Lola, Lady Liberty, a ladybug, Joe Walsh, the ghosts of Picasso and Richard Burton, and Sylvester Stallone.", "title": "Big Mouth (TV series)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 156850, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What is Fastrada's spouse's name?" }, { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "BULLET::::- 1900's - Federated Department Stores, Inc. was formed in 1900 as a holding company by several family-owned department stores, including Abraham & Straus, F&R Lazarus & Co. (along with its Cincinnati-based subsidiary, Shillito's), and Filene's of Boston. Corporate offices established in Columbus, Ohio, later moved to Cincinnati. In 1992, Federated Department Stores merges with Allied Stores Corporation. The A&S and Jordan Marsh divisions were consolidated, forming the A&S/Jordan Marsh division, headquartered in Brooklyn, NY. Early in the new year, Macy's files for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11. In 1994 the Federated Department Stores acquired the now bankrupt R.H. Macy & Company and combines Macy's, headquartered in New York City, with A&S/Jordan Marsh. In 1995, the name Abraham & Straus is dropped in favor of the more widely known name Macy's, and Macy's East is formed. Other A&S locations were converted to Stern's.", "title": "Abraham & Straus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The etymology of the name is uncertain. The spelling Ἀπόλλων (pronounced [a.pól.lɔːn] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Apellon (Ἀπέλλων), is more archaic, derived from an earlier *Ἀπέλjων. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellaios (Ἀπελλαῖος), and the offerings apellaia (ἀπελλαῖα) at the initiation of the young men during the family-festival apellai (ἀπέλλαι). According to some scholars the words are derived from the Doric word apella (ἀπέλλα), which originally meant \"wall,\" \"fence for animals\" and later \"assembly within the limits of the square.\" Apella (Ἀπέλλα) is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta, corresponding to the ecclesia (ἐκκλησία). R. S. P. Beekes rejected the connection of the theonym with the noun apellai and suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form *Apalyun.", "title": "Apollo" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melissa Reeves Reeves (left) with Ty Treadway in 2010 Melissa Brennan (1967 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1967 (age 50) Eatontown, New Jersey, U.S. Other names Melissa Brennan Missy Brennan Melissa B. Reeves Melissa Brennan Reeves Missy Reeves Occupation Actress Years active 1983 -- present Spouse (s) Scott Reeves (m. 1990) Children", "title": "Melissa Reeves" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The .250-3000 Savage is a rifle cartridge created by Charles Newton in 1915 and is also known as the .250 Savage. It was designed to be used in the Savage Model 99 hammerless lever action rifle. The name comes from its original manufacturer, Savage Arms, and the fact that the original load achieved a 3,000 ft/s (910 m/s) velocity with an 87 grain (5.6 g) bullet.", "title": ".250-3000 Savage" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Colorado and its counterpart, the GMC Canyon, is a series of compact and later mid-size pickup trucks marketed by American automaker General Motors. They were introduced in 2004 to replace the Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15/Sonoma compact pickups. It is named for the U.S. state of Colorado. Along with rival Ford Ranger, the GM twins were the last compact pickup trucks on sale until 2012.", "title": "Chevrolet Colorado" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Don Draper Mad Men character Jon Hamm as Don Draper First appearance ``Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ''(1.01) Last appearance`` Person to Person'' (7.14) Created by Matthew Weiner Portrayed by Jon Hamm Brandon Killham (Young Dick Whitman) Information Full name Donald Francis Draper Nickname (s) Don, Dick Aliases Richard Whitman (birth name) Occupation Senior Partner and Creative Director, Sterling Cooper & Partners (season 6 -- present; End of Season 7 Part 1 for Creative Director) Founding Partner, Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (seasons 4 -- 6) Creative Director, Sterling Cooper (seasons 1 -- 3) Family Archibald Whitman Evangeline Abigail Whitman (stepmother) Uncle Mac (stepfather) Spouse (s) Megan Calvet (1965 -- 1970) Betty Hofstadt (1953 -- 1964) Anna M. Draper (widow of real Don Draper, div. 1953) Children Sally Beth Draper (daughter) Robert ``Bobby ''Draper (son) Eugene Scott Draper (son) Relatives Adam Whitman (half brother)", "title": "Don Draper" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Teri Bauer 24 character Leslie Hope as Teri Bauer First appearance Day 1 -- Episode 1 Last appearance Day 1 -- Episode 24 Portrayed by Leslie Hope Days Information Spouse (s) Jack Bauer Children Kim Bauer", "title": "List of 24 characters" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The football team plays at Ryan Field (formerly known as Dyche Stadium); the basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play at Welsh-Ryan Arena. Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as \"The Purple\" and unofficially as \"The Fighting Methodists.\" The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, \"Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys.\" The name was so popular that university board members made \"wildcats\" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname from \"Wildcats\" to \"Purple Haze\" but the new name never stuck.", "title": "Northwestern University" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Morgan Crofton (1826, Dublin, Ireland – 1915, Brighton, England) was an Irish mathematician who contributed to the field of geometric probability theory. He also worked with James Joseph Sylvester and contributed an article on probability to the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Crofton's formula is named in his honour.", "title": "Morgan Crofton" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Perkins Parks and Recreation character First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Ann and Chris'' (regular) ``One Last Ride ''(guest appearance) Portrayed by Rashida Jones Information Occupation Nurse Health Department Public Relations Director of Pawnee, Indiana Spouse (s) Chris Traeger Children Oliver Perkins - Traeger Leslie Perkins - Traeger", "title": "Ann Perkins" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tara Grace Knowles - Teller First appearance ``Pilot ''(2008) Last appearance`` A Mother's Work'' (2014) Created by Kurt Sutter Portrayed by Maggie Siff Information Nickname (s) Doc Gender Female Occupation Attending Surgeon at St. Thomas Hospital Pediatric Surgery Neonatal Surgery Trauma Surgery Title M.D. F.A.C.S. Spouse (s) Jax Teller Children Abel Teller Thomas Teller", "title": "Tara Knowles" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fastrada became the third wife of Charlemagne, marrying him in October 783 at Worms, Germany, a few months after Queen Hildegard’s death. A probable reason behind the marriage was to solidify a Frankish alliance east of the Rhine when Charles was still fighting the Saxons.", "title": "Fastrada" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negan The Walking Dead character Negan in the comics (left), and as portrayed by Jeffrey Dean Morgan (right) in the television series First appearance Comic: ``Issue # 100 ''(2012) Television:`` Last Day on Earth'' (2016) Video game: Tekken 7 (2018) Created by Robert Kirkman Charlie Adlard Portrayed by Jeffrey Dean Morgan Information Occupation Saviors Leader Spouse (s) Lucille Significant other (s) Sherry Amber several unnamed wives", "title": "Negan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taylor Armstrong Armstrong at the 2012 GQ Men of the Year Awards Shana Lynette Hughes (1971 - 06 - 10) June 10, 1971 (age 46) Independence, Kansas, United States Residence Beverly Hills, California, United States Other names Shana Taylor, Shana Ford, Taylor Ford Occupation Television personality, philanthropist Years active 2010 -- present Known for The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Spouse (s) Russell Armstrong (2005 -- 2011; his death) John Bluher (2014 -- present) Children", "title": "Taylor Armstrong" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The personal lives of Malloy and Reed come up on occasion, and are always tied into their duties. Malloy is a bachelor who has at least two girlfriends during the course of the series (the last being Judy (Aneta Corsaut)), while Reed is married to a woman named Jean (played by several actresses including Kristin Nelson) and later becomes a father.", "title": "Adam-12" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christel Khalil Christel Adnana Mina Khalil (1987 - 11 - 30) November 30, 1987 (age 30) Los Angeles, California Occupation Actress Years active 1993 -- present Known for The Young and the Restless as Lily Winters (2002 -- present) Spouse (s) Stephen Hensley (m. 2008 -- 2011) Children", "title": "Christel Khalil" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scud is the name of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version), and the R-17 (later R-300) Elbrus (later developments). The name Scud has been widely used to refer to these missiles and the wide variety of derivative variants developed in other countries based on the Soviet design.", "title": "Scud" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference. The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order. As a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer.", "title": "Imperialism" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 79978, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "who was crowned the new roman emperor in a.d. 800" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts began to be – sometimes forcibly – abandoned, and Gallaeci served frequently in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Romans brought new technologies, new travel routes, new forms of organizing property, and a new language; latin. The Roman Empire established its control over Galicia through camps (castra) as Aquis Querquennis, Ciadella camp or Lucus Augusti (Lugo), roads (viae) and monuments as the lighthouse known as Tower of Hercules, in Corunna, but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century of our era, when the gold mines stopped being productive, led to a lesser degree of Romanization. In the 3rd century it was made a province, under the name Gallaecia, which included also northern Portugal, Asturias, and a large section of what today is known as Castile and León.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South Pole the romanized Greek name polus antarcticus, from which derived the Old French pole antartike (modern pôle antarctique) attested in 1270, and from there the Middle English pol antartik in a 1391 technical treatise by Geoffrey Chaucer (modern Antarctic Pole).", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Septimius Severus (; ; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211), also known as Severus, was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the \"cursus honorum\"—the customary succession of offices—under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors.", "title": "Septimius Severus" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, the son of the famed official and calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Her mother Princess Xin'an was the daughter of Emperor Jianwen, making her and her husband cousins. In 396, while he was still crown prince under his father Emperor Xiaowu, they married, and she became crown empress. She was 12, and he was 14. As he was described to be so developmentally disabled that he could not speak or dress himself, or express whether he was full or hungry, it was unlikely that their marriage was consummated; in any case, they had no children. Later that year, after Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after humiliating her, Emperor An became emperor. In 397, she was created empress.", "title": "Wang Shen'ai" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liu Ju (; 128–91 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (衛太子) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (戾太子, literally \"the Unrepentant Crown Prince\") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion.", "title": "Liu Ju" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sixteen eruptions of New Fuji have been recorded since 781. Many of the eruptions occurred in the Heian era, with twelve eruptions between 800 and 1083. Sometimes inactive periods between eruptions lasted for hundreds of years, as in the period between 1083 and 1511, when no eruptions were recorded for over 400 years. At present, there have been no eruptions since the Hoei eruption in 1707 -- 1708, around 300 years ago.", "title": "Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\".", "title": "Gaius Julius Priscus" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ran Zhi, as Ran Min's oldest son, was created crown prince when he proclaimed the new state in 350 after overthrowing the Later Zhao emperor Shi Jian and declared himself emperor. He created Ran Zhi's mother Lady Dong empress. After he was captured and executed by Former Yan's prince Murong Jun in 352, Empress Dong tried to hold out but was eventually forced to surrender. Murong Jun created her the Lady Fengxi and created Ran Zhi the Marquess of Haibin. In 354, the Former Yan official Song Bin (宋斌) was accused of leading a plot to have Ran Zhi made emperor, and it was said that all who were involved were executed — implying, but not explicitly stating, that Ran Zhi was executed as well. A number of officials named Ran during the later Northern Wei Dynasty claimed descent from Ran Min, presumably through Ran Zhi.", "title": "Ran Zhi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries.", "title": "Holy Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kōkoku (興国) was a Japanese era of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Engen and before Shōhei, lasting from April 1340 to December 1346. The emperor in Kyoto was . Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was .", "title": "Kōkoku" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Consort Yujiulü (郁久閭椒房, personal name unknown) (died 452), formally Empress Gong (恭皇后, literally \"the respectful empress\"), was a consort of Tuoba Huang (Crown Prince Jingmu), a crown prince of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was the mother of Emperor Wencheng.", "title": "Consort Yujiulü" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonia Major also known as Julia Antonia Major (Latin: Antonia Maior, \"PIR\" A 884) (born August/September 39 BC), also known as Antonia the Elder, was a daughter of Triumvir Mark Antony and Octavia the Younger and a relative of the first Roman emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was a niece of the first emperor Augustus, step cousin of the emperor Tiberius, paternal great-aunt of the emperor Caligula, maternal aunt and great-aunt-in law of the emperor Claudius, and paternal grandmother and maternal great-great aunt of the emperor Nero.", "title": "Antonia the Elder" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the revelation of Mona Vanderwaal as the first and original ``A '', she began receiving visits from someone, known as Red Coat, who offered her a partnership and together they built up the`` A-Team''. The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second ``A '', Red Coat, and the leader of the`` A-Team'' was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as ``A.D. '', while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale,`` A.D.'' reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer.", "title": "A (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect, the plebeians were satisfied with the possession of power, but did not care to use it. The senate was supreme during this era because the era was dominated by questions of foreign and military policy. This was the most militarily active era of the Roman Republic.", "title": "Roman Republic" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 156850, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "What is Fastrada's spouse's name?" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Morgan Crofton (1826, Dublin, Ireland – 1915, Brighton, England) was an Irish mathematician who contributed to the field of geometric probability theory. He also worked with James Joseph Sylvester and contributed an article on probability to the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Crofton's formula is named in his honour.", "title": "Morgan Crofton" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negan The Walking Dead character Negan in the comics (left), and as portrayed by Jeffrey Dean Morgan (right) in the television series First appearance Comic: ``Issue # 100 ''(2012) Television:`` Last Day on Earth'' (2016) Video game: Tekken 7 (2018) Created by Robert Kirkman Charlie Adlard Portrayed by Jeffrey Dean Morgan Information Occupation Saviors Leader Spouse (s) Lucille Significant other (s) Sherry Amber several unnamed wives", "title": "Negan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scud is the name of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version), and the R-17 (later R-300) Elbrus (later developments). The name Scud has been widely used to refer to these missiles and the wide variety of derivative variants developed in other countries based on the Soviet design.", "title": "Scud" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference. The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order. As a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer.", "title": "Imperialism" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The blue poison dart frog or blue poison arrow frog or known by its native name, okopipi, (Dendrobates tinctorius ``azureus '') is a poison dart frog found in the forests surrounded by the Sipaliwini savanna, which is located in southern Suriname and adjacent far northern Brazil. D. tinctorius`` azureus'' is also known by its Tirio Indian name, okopipi. Its scientific name comes from its azure color. While frequently considered a valid species in the past, recent authorities treat it as a variant of D. tinctorius.", "title": "Blue poison dart frog" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Perkins Parks and Recreation character First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Ann and Chris'' (regular) ``One Last Ride ''(guest appearance) Portrayed by Rashida Jones Information Occupation Nurse Health Department Public Relations Director of Pawnee, Indiana Spouse (s) Chris Traeger Children Oliver Perkins - Traeger Leslie Perkins - Traeger", "title": "Ann Perkins" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taylor Armstrong Armstrong at the 2012 GQ Men of the Year Awards Shana Lynette Hughes (1971 - 06 - 10) June 10, 1971 (age 46) Independence, Kansas, United States Residence Beverly Hills, California, United States Other names Shana Taylor, Shana Ford, Taylor Ford Occupation Television personality, philanthropist Years active 2010 -- present Known for The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Spouse (s) Russell Armstrong (2005 -- 2011; his death) John Bluher (2014 -- present) Children", "title": "Taylor Armstrong" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The football team plays at Ryan Field (formerly known as Dyche Stadium); the basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play at Welsh-Ryan Arena. Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as \"The Purple\" and unofficially as \"The Fighting Methodists.\" The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, \"Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys.\" The name was so popular that university board members made \"wildcats\" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname from \"Wildcats\" to \"Purple Haze\" but the new name never stuck.", "title": "Northwestern University" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Don Draper Mad Men character Jon Hamm as Don Draper First appearance ``Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ''(1.01) Last appearance`` Person to Person'' (7.14) Created by Matthew Weiner Portrayed by Jon Hamm Brandon Killham (Young Dick Whitman) Information Full name Donald Francis Draper Nickname (s) Don, Dick Aliases Richard Whitman (birth name) Occupation Senior Partner and Creative Director, Sterling Cooper & Partners (season 6 -- present; End of Season 7 Part 1 for Creative Director) Founding Partner, Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (seasons 4 -- 6) Creative Director, Sterling Cooper (seasons 1 -- 3) Family Archibald Whitman Evangeline Abigail Whitman (stepmother) Uncle Mac (stepfather) Spouse (s) Megan Calvet (1965 -- 1970) Betty Hofstadt (1953 -- 1964) Anna M. Draper (widow of real Don Draper, div. 1953) Children Sally Beth Draper (daughter) Robert ``Bobby ''Draper (son) Eugene Scott Draper (son) Relatives Adam Whitman (half brother)", "title": "Don Draper" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The etymology of the name is uncertain. The spelling Ἀπόλλων (pronounced [a.pól.lɔːn] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Apellon (Ἀπέλλων), is more archaic, derived from an earlier *Ἀπέλjων. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellaios (Ἀπελλαῖος), and the offerings apellaia (ἀπελλαῖα) at the initiation of the young men during the family-festival apellai (ἀπέλλαι). According to some scholars the words are derived from the Doric word apella (ἀπέλλα), which originally meant \"wall,\" \"fence for animals\" and later \"assembly within the limits of the square.\" Apella (Ἀπέλλα) is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta, corresponding to the ecclesia (ἐκκλησία). R. S. P. Beekes rejected the connection of the theonym with the noun apellai and suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form *Apalyun.", "title": "Apollo" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christel Khalil Christel Adnana Mina Khalil (1987 - 11 - 30) November 30, 1987 (age 30) Los Angeles, California Occupation Actress Years active 1993 -- present Known for The Young and the Restless as Lily Winters (2002 -- present) Spouse (s) Stephen Hensley (m. 2008 -- 2011) Children", "title": "Christel Khalil" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Angela Martin The Office character Angela Kinsey as Angela Martin. First appearance ``Pilot ''(2005) Last appearance`` Finale'' (2013) Created by Greg Daniels Portrayed by Angela Kinsey Information Occupation Senior Accountant, Dunder Mifflin, Scranton Family Rachael Martin (sister, Rachael Harris) Spouse (s) Dwight Schrute (2008, 2014 --) Robert Lipton (2011 -- 13) Children Philip Nationality American", "title": "Angela Martin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Teri Bauer 24 character Leslie Hope as Teri Bauer First appearance Day 1 -- Episode 1 Last appearance Day 1 -- Episode 24 Portrayed by Leslie Hope Days Information Spouse (s) Jack Bauer Children Kim Bauer", "title": "List of 24 characters" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Colorado and its counterpart, the GMC Canyon, is a series of compact and later mid-size pickup trucks marketed by American automaker General Motors. They were introduced in 2004 to replace the Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15/Sonoma compact pickups. It is named for the U.S. state of Colorado. Along with rival Ford Ranger, the GM twins were the last compact pickup trucks on sale until 2012.", "title": "Chevrolet Colorado" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fastrada became the third wife of Charlemagne, marrying him in October 783 at Worms, Germany, a few months after Queen Hildegard’s death. A probable reason behind the marriage was to solidify a Frankish alliance east of the Rhine when Charles was still fighting the Saxons.", "title": "Fastrada" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melissa Reeves Reeves (left) with Ty Treadway in 2010 Melissa Brennan (1967 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1967 (age 50) Eatontown, New Jersey, U.S. Other names Melissa Brennan Missy Brennan Melissa B. Reeves Melissa Brennan Reeves Missy Reeves Occupation Actress Years active 1983 -- present Spouse (s) Scott Reeves (m. 1990) Children", "title": "Melissa Reeves" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The personal lives of Malloy and Reed come up on occasion, and are always tied into their duties. Malloy is a bachelor who has at least two girlfriends during the course of the series (the last being Judy (Aneta Corsaut)), while Reed is married to a woman named Jean (played by several actresses including Kristin Nelson) and later becomes a father.", "title": "Adam-12" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tara Grace Knowles - Teller First appearance ``Pilot ''(2008) Last appearance`` A Mother's Work'' (2014) Created by Kurt Sutter Portrayed by Maggie Siff Information Nickname (s) Doc Gender Female Occupation Attending Surgeon at St. Thomas Hospital Pediatric Surgery Neonatal Surgery Trauma Surgery Title M.D. F.A.C.S. Spouse (s) Jax Teller Children Abel Teller Thomas Teller", "title": "Tara Knowles" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Mississippi River", "id": 157177, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What does Merchants Bridge cross over?" }, { "answer": "Minneapolis", "id": 625046, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "I-35W #1 bridge >> located in the administrative territorial entity" }, { "answer": "Ottawa County", "id": 613900, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#2 >> capital of" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The I-35W Mississippi River bridge (officially known as Bridge 9340) was an eight-lane, steel truss arch bridge that carried Interstate 35W across the Saint Anthony Falls of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The bridge opened in 1967 and was Minnesota's third busiest, carrying 140,000 vehicles daily. It had a catastrophic failure during the evening rush hour on August 1, 2007, killing 13 people and injuring 145. The NTSB cited a design flaw as the likely cause of the collapse, noting that a too-thin gusset plate ripped along a line of rivets, and additional weight on the bridge at the time contributed to the catastrophic failure.", "title": "I-35W Mississippi River bridge" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 10th Avenue Bridge crosses the Mississippi River near downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota and also in proximity to the University of Minnesota. The bridge was formerly called the Cedar Avenue Bridge from days prior to the construction of the I-35W bridge when it connected to Cedar Ave. The bridge connects 10th Avenue Southeast, on the east side of the Mississippi River to 19th Avenue South, on the west side. The bridge is considered the crowning achievement of Minneapolis city engineer Kristoffer Olsen Oustad, who was one of four prominent Norwegian-American men who designed major structures in the region. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, and also marks the downstream boundary of the Saint Anthony Falls Historic District. During the days immediately following the I-35W bridge collapse, the 10th Avenue Bridge was closed to traffic, then later reopened; it was one of the most used locations from which to view the wreckage and the recovery efforts.", "title": "10th Avenue Bridge" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Carroll Lee Cropper Bridge is a continuous steel arch-shaped truss bridge over the Ohio River between Indiana and Kentucky. Built in 1977, the four-lane arched truss span provides a western Ohio River crossing for the Interstate 275 beltway around the Cincinnati area. The section of Interstate 275 on the Cropper bridge is the only Interstate highway in the Cincinnati, Ohio area that goes between Indiana and Kentucky. The bridge is the only highway bridge crossing for west of the Cincinnati downtown area. The Markland Locks and Dam, which carries Indiana State Road 101 and Kentucky Route 1039, is south and west of the Cropper Bridge.", "title": "Carroll Lee Cropper Bridge" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the collapse of the I-35W Mississippi River bridge in Minneapolis on August 1, 2007, Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty ordered the DeSoto Bridge and two other bridges in Minnesota to be inspected. The three bridges have a design similar to that of the former I-35W bridge.", "title": "DeSoto Bridge" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cincinnati Southern Bridge, officially the Cincinnati Southern Railroad Swinging Truss Bridge, is a swing bridge that carries the Norfolk Southern Railway over the Ohio River between Cincinnati, Ohio and Ludlow, Kentucky in the United States. The bridge is composed of four through truss spans: a main span on the northern side of the bridge, a currently unused swing span on the southern side, and two additional spans over the main shipping channels in the center of the bridge. The bridge crosses the Ohio River just downstream from downtown Cincinnati, and can be seen clearly from the lower level of the nearby Brent Spence Bridge.", "title": "Cincinnati Southern Bridge" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hartford Bridge, or Blue Bridge, is a single-span road bridge crossing the River Weaver at Hartford, Cheshire in England. The bridge is located on the A556 as part of the Northwich bypass.", "title": "Hartford Bridge, Cheshire" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Minneapolis is a city in and the county seat of Ottawa County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,032.", "title": "Minneapolis, Kansas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Werra viaducts near Hedemünden, Germany are two bridges crossing the valley of the river Werra. They are located in southern Lower Saxony and provide crossings for the A 7 motorway and the Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line. The bridges are located 33 metres apart from each other.", "title": "Werra Viaduct, Hedemünden" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Luis Bridge, also known as State Bridge or Bridge over Culebra Creek, is a historic open spandrel arch bridge that crosses Culebra Creek in San Luis, Colorado. It was built in 1911 as a road bridge, but now serves pedestrian traffic. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "San Luis Bridge" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge crosses the Saint Anthony Falls of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the U.S., carrying north-south traffic on Interstate Highway 35W. The ten-lane bridge replaced the I-35W Mississippi River bridge, which collapsed on August 1, 2007. It was planned and is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT). The planning, design, and construction processes were completed more quickly than normal because Interstate 35W is a critical artery for commuters and truck freight. The bridge opened September 18, 2008, well ahead of the original goal of December 24.", "title": "I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dufferin Street bridges are two inter-connected vehicular bridges in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The bridges carry Dufferin Street over a railway corridor and the Gardiner Expressway to Exhibition Place. The bridges closed to vehicular traffic in 2013. Temporary structures, namely Bailey bridges over the railway tracks, will be built in 2013-2014 to allow a resumption of traffic in early 2014. Beginning in 2016 the bridges will be completely rebuilt to allow more tracks to cross underneath and create a single span to the CNE grounds. As of March 2019 the spans over the Gardiner Expressway remain in place and the bailey bridges replacing the older outer pedestrian bridges of the northern span with the inner vehicular steel plate box girder bridge still in place.", "title": "Dufferin Street bridges" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taemas Bridge is a two-lane road bridge crossing the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, Australia. The bridge crosses on the river just before it enters Lake Burrinjuck, which has been created by the Burrinjuck Dam. The bridge is a key part of the road between Yass and Wee Jasper, and from there, to Tumut. The bridge is around 26 kilometres from Yass and 22 kilometres from Wee Jasper. The current bridge was completed in 1931 and is over 200 metres in length.", "title": "Taemas Bridge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dhanushkodi Tirtham is one of the Tirthas in the island of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India. This is located beside the ghost town of Dhanushkodi at the easternmost tip of Rameswaram Island. Rama used his bow's (Dhanush) end (Kodi) to break the bridge - Adam's Bridge (hence the name). This bridge was used for his army to cross over to Lanka for the victorious war against Ravana.", "title": "Dhanushkodi Tirtham" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Zhongshan Bridge was the first permanent bridge over the Yellow River. The bridge located in Lanzhou, Gansu. Construction of the bridge began in 1907 and the bridge was completed in 1909.", "title": "Zhongshan Bridge" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Diehls Covered Bridge, also known as Turner's Bridge, is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Harrison Township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. It is a , Burr Truss bridge with a shallow gable roof, constructed in 1892. It crosses the Raystown Branch Juniata River. It is one of 15 historic covered bridges in Bedford County.", "title": "Diehls Covered Bridge" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New Tappan Zee Bridge, also known as the New NY Bridge and officially named the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge after the late former governor Mario Cuomo, is a twin cable - stayed bridge being built to replace the current original Tappan Zee Bridge over New York's Hudson River. The new bridges are to the north of and roughly parallel to the existing Tappan Zee Bridge, and cross the Hudson River in a parallel east - to - west direction. In the final configuration, the north span will carry the northbound traffic of I - 87, westbound traffic of I - 287, and a bicycle / pedestrian path, with the south span that will carry southbound and eastbound traffic of I - 87 and I - 287, respectively. Construction began in 2013, and at 1: 36 A.M. on August 26, 2017, the north span officially opened to westbound traffic. Eastbound traffic was switched onto the same span on October 6, 2017. Tappan Zee Constructers are currently demolishing the old bridge and completing the south span, which eastbound traffic will use once complete. Both spans are expected to be operational by June 15, 2018.", "title": "Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bridge in Clinton Township is a historic Pratt through truss bridge located in Clinton Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania. It was built by the Smith Bridge Company of Toledo, Ohio in 1887. It measures and crosses the Scrubgrass Creek.", "title": "Bridge in Clinton Township" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The John T. Loughran Bridge carries U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) over Rondout Creek between Kingston and Port Ewen, New York, United States. It also crosses over Ferry Street on the Kingston side. It is located just downriver from the historic Kingston-Port Ewen Suspension Bridge, which carried 9W until the Loughran Bridge was constructed. It is just upriver from where the Rondout empties into the Hudson River.", "title": "John T. Loughran Bridge" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Merchants Bridge, officially the Merchants Memorial Mississippi Rail Bridge, is a rail bridge crossing the Mississippi River between St. Louis, Missouri, and Venice, Illinois. The bridge is owned by the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis. It opened in May 1889 and crossed the river north of the Eads Bridge.", "title": "Merchants Bridge" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge is a railway bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and the Millennium Bridge.", "title": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge" } ]

[ "Ottawa County, Kansas" ]

[ { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 91678, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "who was crowned the first holy roman emperor" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anna of Hohenstaufen (1230 – April 1307), born Constance, was an Empress of Nicaea. She was a daughter of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and Bianca Lancia.", "title": "Anna of Hohenstaufen" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Umberto Mozzoni was born in Buenos Aires, but his family later moved to Macerata, Italy. He attended the seminary there before going to Rome, where he studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, Pontifical Roman Athenaeum \"S. Apollinare\", and the University of Rome. Ordained a priest on August 14, 1927, Mozzoni then did pastoral work in the Diocese of Macerata and taught at its seminary until 1935. He successively served as secretary and auditor of the apostolic delegations to Canada and Great Britain, and the nunciature to Portugal. He was raised to the rank of a Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness on October 7, 1936, and a Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on January 2, 1948.", "title": "Umberto Mozzoni" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Prague, which occurred between 25 July and 1 November 1648 was the last action of the Thirty Years' War. While the negotiations for the Peace of Westphalia were proceeding, the Swedes took the opportunity to mount one last campaign into Bohemia. The main result, and probably the main aim, was to loot the fabulous art collection assembled in Prague Castle by Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1552–1612), the pick of which was taken down the Elbe in barges and shipped to Sweden.", "title": "Battle of Prague (1648)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodoric of Prague or Master Theoderic (in Latin Magister Theodoricus; working ca. 1360–1380) was a Bohemian Gothic painter who was court painter to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and the first Bohemian painter whose name can be linked to a body of work. His masterpiece, by which he is known, is the Chapel of the Holy Cross at Charles' newly completed Karlštejn Castle castle-palace near Prague, containing a large series of slightly over-lifesize half-length panel portraits of saints and other notable figures on a gold ground, commissioned in 1359, though completed over a number of years. Theodoric was the first Czech painter whose works are confirmed by archived documentation.", "title": "Theodoric of Prague" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\".", "title": "Gaius Julius Priscus" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 – 7 June 1394) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Richard II. A member of the House of Luxembourg, she was the eldest daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth of Pomerania. She died at age of 28 after 12 years of marriage; she was childless, and greatly mourned by her husband.", "title": "Anne of Bohemia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later invalidly canonized by the antipope Paschal III.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cuacos de Yuste is a municipality in the province of Cáceres and autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The municipality covers an area of and as of 2011 had a population of 902 people. It is best known for the Monastery of Yuste, whence Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, retired and died.", "title": "Cuacos de Yuste" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (28 August 1691 – 21 December 1750) was Princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary; and Archduchess of Austria by her marriage to Emperor Charles VI. She was renowned for her delicate beauty and also for being the mother of Empress Maria Theresa. She was the longest serving Holy Roman Empress.", "title": "Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (the predecessor of Ferdinand I) and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christendom permanent within the Holy Roman Empire, allowing rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official confession of their state. Calvinism was not allowed until the Peace of Westphalia.", "title": "Peace of Augsburg" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the face of aggressions by Napoleon I, who had been proclaimed \"Emperor of the French\" (French: \"Empereur des Français\"), by the French constitution on 18 May 1804, Francis II feared for the future of the Holy Roman Empire and wished to maintain his and his family's Imperial status in the event that the Holy Roman Empire should be dissolved. Therefore, on 11 August 1804 he created the new title of \"Emperor of Austria\" for himself and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. For two years, Francis carried two imperial titles: being Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and \"by the Grace of God\" (\"Von Gottes Gnaden\") Emperor Francis I of Austria.", "title": "Emperor of Austria" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Luxembourg (; ) was a late medieval European royal family, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperors as well as Kings of Bohemia (\"Čeští králové, König von Böhmen\") and Hungary. Their rule over the Holy Roman Empire was twice interrupted by the rival House of Wittelsbach.", "title": "House of Luxembourg" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814).", "title": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Cunigunde of Luxembourg, OSB (c. 975 – 3 March 1040), also called Cunegundes, Cunegunda, and Cunegonda and, in Latin, Cunegundis or Kinigundis, was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Saint Henry II. She served as interim Regent after the death of her spouse in 1024. She is a Roman Catholic saint and the Patroness of Luxembourg and Lithuania; her feast day is 3 March.", "title": "Cunigunde of Luxembourg" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 125104, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who was Rotrude's father?" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (775/778 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.", "title": "Rotrude" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victorian era 1837 -- 1901 Queen Victoria by Bassano (1887) Preceded by Regency era Followed by Edwardian era Monarch Victoria Leader (s) Lord Melbourne Sir Robert Peel Lord John Russell Lord Derby Lord Aberdeen Lord Palmerston Benjamin Disraeli William Ewart Gladstone Lord Salisbury Lord Rosebery", "title": "Victorian era" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis, Duke of Burgundy and later Dauphin of France (16 August 1682 – 18 February 1712) was the eldest son of Louis, Grand Dauphin, and father of Louis XV, and briefly heir-apparent to the throne from his father's death in April 1711 to his own death 10 months later. Until he became the official Dauphin of France upon his father's death in 1711, he was known as Le Petit Dauphin to distinguish him from his father, who was known as \"le Grand Dauphin\". His legitimate male progeny died out in 1883.", "title": "Louis, Duke of Burgundy" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The personal lives of Malloy and Reed come up on occasion, and are always tied into their duties. Malloy is a bachelor who has at least two girlfriends during the course of the series (the last being Judy (Aneta Corsaut)), while Reed is married to a woman named Jean (played by several actresses including Kristin Nelson) and later becomes a father.", "title": "Adam-12" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first written evidence of deities in Egypt comes from the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2686 BC). Deities must have emerged sometime in the preceding Predynastic Period (before 3100 BC) and grown out of prehistoric religious beliefs. Predynastic artwork depicts a variety of animal and human figures. Some of these images, such as stars and cattle, are reminiscent of important features of Egyptian religion in later times, but in most cases there is not enough evidence to say whether the images are connected with deities. As Egyptian society grew more sophisticated, clearer signs of religious activity appeared. The earliest known temples appeared in the last centuries of the predynastic era, along with images that resemble the iconographies of known deities: the falcon that represents Horus and several other gods, the crossed arrows that stand for Neith, and the enigmatic \"Set animal\" that represents Set.", "title": "Ancient Egyptian deities" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born Douglas Behl in Elmira, New York, to Jean Melissa \"Missy\" (née Fairbairn) and Martin E. Behl. His father was born in Westphalen, Germany, and came to America as a toddler. His mother was born in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada. His parents moved around a lot, married in Cleveland, Ohio in 1918, they lived in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. His parents got a divorce when he was a child and he never saw his father again. (His father moved back to New York City and later died in Santa Barbara, California in 1967.) His mother later remarried, to Wesley Hibbard Bunce, and they moved to Coconut Grove, Florida in 1938. After going by Douglas Bunce for a time, although not officially, he legally changed his last name to his mother's maiden name in 1955.", "title": "Douglas Fairbairn" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albert Leopold Friedrich Christian Sylvester Anno Macarius, Prince of Saxony, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen (31 December 1893 – 9 August 1968) was the second son of Frederick Augustus III, the last reigning king of Saxony before the abolition of the monarchy in 1918. Upon his father's death in 1932, he became the head of the Royal House of Saxony. He was Captain à la suite in the Royal Bulgarian Infantry, and Grand Master of the Order of the Rue Crown, and also a Knight in the Order of the Black Eagle and Knight Grand Cross in the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. As head of the House of Wettin after 1932, he styled himself as \"Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen\".", "title": "Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "BULLET::::- 1900's - Federated Department Stores, Inc. was formed in 1900 as a holding company by several family-owned department stores, including Abraham & Straus, F&R Lazarus & Co. (along with its Cincinnati-based subsidiary, Shillito's), and Filene's of Boston. Corporate offices established in Columbus, Ohio, later moved to Cincinnati. In 1992, Federated Department Stores merges with Allied Stores Corporation. The A&S and Jordan Marsh divisions were consolidated, forming the A&S/Jordan Marsh division, headquartered in Brooklyn, NY. Early in the new year, Macy's files for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11. In 1994 the Federated Department Stores acquired the now bankrupt R.H. Macy & Company and combines Macy's, headquartered in New York City, with A&S/Jordan Marsh. In 1995, the name Abraham & Straus is dropped in favor of the more widely known name Macy's, and Macy's East is formed. Other A&S locations were converted to Stern's.", "title": "Abraham & Straus" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference. The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order. As a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer.", "title": "Imperialism" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Colorado and its counterpart, the GMC Canyon, is a series of compact and later mid-size pickup trucks marketed by American automaker General Motors. They were introduced in 2004 to replace the Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15/Sonoma compact pickups. It is named for the U.S. state of Colorado. Along with rival Ford Ranger, the GM twins were the last compact pickup trucks on sale until 2012.", "title": "Chevrolet Colorado" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nick Kroll as: Nick Birch, an adolescent boy, with a mother named Diane who babies him and father named Elliot who overshares. He also has an older brother named Judd and a sister named Leah. Maurice the Hormone Monster, a wild thing - type monster who follows Andrew around and is responsible for his brooding sexual desires, which frequently occur at inappropriate moments. Coach Steve, the middle school gym class teacher, who is incompetent and overly talkative, often trying to get his colleagues -- or even the students -- to hang out (often to no avail). It is heavily implied that the coach may be mentally disabled. Kroll also voices Lola, Lady Liberty, a ladybug, Joe Walsh, the ghosts of Picasso and Richard Burton, and Sylvester Stallone.", "title": "Big Mouth (TV series)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The .250-3000 Savage is a rifle cartridge created by Charles Newton in 1915 and is also known as the .250 Savage. It was designed to be used in the Savage Model 99 hammerless lever action rifle. The name comes from its original manufacturer, Savage Arms, and the fact that the original load achieved a 3,000 ft/s (910 m/s) velocity with an 87 grain (5.6 g) bullet.", "title": ".250-3000 Savage" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect, the plebeians were satisfied with the possession of power, but did not care to use it. The senate was supreme during this era because the era was dominated by questions of foreign and military policy. This was the most militarily active era of the Roman Republic.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally described as the chief of evil spirits in Vedic - era texts, Kubera acquired the status of a Deva (god) only in the Purana s and the Hindu epics. The scriptures describe that Kubera once ruled Lanka, but was overthrown by his demon half - brother Ravana, later settling in the city of Alaka in the Himalayas. Descriptions of the ``glory ''and`` splendours'' of Kubera's city are found in many scriptures.", "title": "Kubera" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is not known where or when Li Kening was born, but it is known that he was Li Keyong's youngest brother and therefore would have been born after 856, when Li Keyong was born. Their father was the ethnic Shatuo general Li Guochang, whose name was originally Zhuye Chixin but was later bestowed the Tang Dynasty imperial clan name of Li and a new name of Guochang, but because Li Kening's birth year is unknown, it is not known whether he would have been born with the name of Li or Zhuye. He was said to be kind and filially pious, and (despite his eventual fate) described to be the most virtuous among Li Keyong's brothers and cousins.", "title": "Li Kening" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first permanent European settlements in Canada were at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608 as fur trading posts. The territories of New France were Canada, Acadia (later renamed Nova Scotia), and Louisiana. The inhabitants of Canada called themselves the Canadiens, and came mostly from northwestern France. The early inhabitants of Acadia, or Acadiens, came mostly but not exclusively from the Southwestern region of France. Canadien explorers and fur traders would come to be known as coureurs des bois, while those who settled on farms in Canada would come to be known as habitants. Many French Canadians are the descendants of the King's Daughters of this era. Many also are the descendants of mixed French and Algonquin marriages.", "title": "French Canadians" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Father of Frankenstein is a 1995 novel by Christopher Bram which speculates on the last days of the life of film director James Whale. Whale directed such groundbreaking works as the 1931 \"Frankenstein\" and 1933's \"The Invisible Man\" and was a pioneer in the horror film genre.", "title": "Father of Frankenstein" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Merle Tucker (Barry Corbin) is Cameron's father. He first appeared in the episode ``The Last Walt. ''In that episode, he visits Cameron and Mitchell. Later in the episode, it is revealed that Jay (Mitchell's father) and Merle dislike each other. Cameron and Mitchell each believe that their father is the stronger of the two. It is made known that Merle wishes that the man his son lives with was,`` A little bit of a woman.'' Jay and Merle overcome their differences and bond while fixing the bed frame that Cameron had purchased and attempted to put together. In ``The Wedding, Part 1 ''and`` The Wedding, Part 2'', he attends his son's wedding to Mitchell and almost ends it with Barb, but Jay and Gloria manage to reconcile the two.", "title": "List of Modern Family characters" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 76623, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "who was crowned emperor of the west in 800 ce" }, { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Geluwe (Hilwe in West Flemish) is a town in the West Flemish province of Belgium. It is contained within the municipality of Wervik. The town is known for the \"yawning festival\" (Dutch: gapersfeesten). The name Geluwe comes from the word gilwe, old West Flemish for yellow, because the soil is more yellow than the rest of the region.", "title": "Geluwe" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. The Hindu-Arabic numerals, a positional numeral system, originated in India and was later transmitted to the West through the Arabs. Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors in India.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liu Ju (; 128–91 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (衛太子) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (戾太子, literally \"the Unrepentant Crown Prince\") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion.", "title": "Liu Ju" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kōkoku (興国) was a Japanese era of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Engen and before Shōhei, lasting from April 1340 to December 1346. The emperor in Kyoto was . Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was .", "title": "Kōkoku" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Consort Yujiulü (郁久閭椒房, personal name unknown) (died 452), formally Empress Gong (恭皇后, literally \"the respectful empress\"), was a consort of Tuoba Huang (Crown Prince Jingmu), a crown prince of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was the mother of Emperor Wencheng.", "title": "Consort Yujiulü" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of Hawaii describes the era of human settlements in the Hawaiian Islands. That history begins sometime between 124 and 800 CE, with some theories dating the earliest Polynesian settlements to the 10th or even 13th century. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers found and began settling the area. This began the rise of the Hawaiian civilization. It remained isolated from the rest of the world for another 500 years.", "title": "History of Hawaii" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emperor Fei of Jin (; 342 – November 23, 386), personal name Sima Yi (司馬奕), courtesy name Yanling (延齡), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China. He was the younger brother (from the same mother) of Emperor Ai and later deposed by military leader Huan Wen. The title that he is normally referred to, \"Emperor Fei\", is not a posthumous name as is usually the case with imperial common titles, but rather signified that he was deposed (with \"Fei\" (廢) meaning \"depose\"). He is also commonly known by the title he was given after his removal, Duke of Haixi (海西公).", "title": "Emperor Fei of Jin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\".", "title": "Gaius Julius Priscus" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, the son of the famed official and calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Her mother Princess Xin'an was the daughter of Emperor Jianwen, making her and her husband cousins. In 396, while he was still crown prince under his father Emperor Xiaowu, they married, and she became crown empress. She was 12, and he was 14. As he was described to be so developmentally disabled that he could not speak or dress himself, or express whether he was full or hungry, it was unlikely that their marriage was consummated; in any case, they had no children. Later that year, after Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after humiliating her, Emperor An became emperor. In 397, she was created empress.", "title": "Wang Shen'ai" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The beginning of the Shaka era is now widely equated to the ascension of king Chashtana in 78 CE. His inscriptions, dated to the years 11 and 52, have been found at Andhau in Kutch region. These years are interpreted as Shaka years 11 (89 CE) and 52 (130 CE).", "title": "Shaka era" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later invalidly canonized by the antipope Paschal III.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon. The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589 CE); the third stratum of pronunciations (typically literary ones) comes from the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and is based on the prestige dialect of Chang'an (modern day Xi'an), its capital.", "title": "Hokkien" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Provincia Ivdaea Province of the Roman Empire ← 6 CE -- 135 CE → Capital Caesarea Maritima 32 ° 30 ′ N 34 ° 54 ′ E  /  32.500 ° N 34.900 ° E  / 32.500; 34.900 Coordinates: 32 ° 30 ′ N 34 ° 54 ′ E  /  32.500 ° N 34.900 ° E  / 32.500; 34.900 Prefects before 41, Procurators after 44 6 -- 9 CE Coponius 26 -- 36 CE Pontius Pilate 64 -- 66 CE Gessius Florus 117 CE Lusius Quietus 130 -- 132 CE Tineius Rufus King of the Jews 41 -- 44 Agrippa I 48 -- 93 / 100 Agrippa II Legislature Synedrion / Sanhedrin Historical era Roman Principate Census of Quirinius 6 CE Crisis under Caligula 37 -- 41 CE Incorporation of Galilee and Peraea 44 CE Destruction of the Second Temple August 4, 70 CE Governor of praetorian rank & given the 10th Legion c. 74 CE Bar Kokhba revolt 132 -- 135 CE 135 CE Today part of Israel Jordan West Bank Before August 4, 70 is referred to as Second Temple Judaism, from which the Tannaim and Early Christianity emerged.", "title": "Judea (Roman province)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harsha (c. 590–647 CE), also known as Harshavardhana, was an Indian emperor who ruled North India from 606 to 647 CE. He was a member of the Vardhana dynasty; and was the son of Prabhakarvardhana who defeated the Alchon Huna invaders, and the younger brother of Rajyavardhana, a king of Thanesar, present-day Haryana. At the height of Harsha's power, his Empire covered much of North and Northwestern India, extended East till Kamarupa, and South until Narmada River; and eventually made Kannauj (in present Uttar Pradesh state) his capital, and ruled till 647 CE. Harsha was halted by the south Indian Emperor Pulakeshin II of the Chalukya dynasty, when Harsha tried to expand his Empire into the southern peninsula of India.", "title": "Harsha" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sadnalegs () or Tridé Songtsen (), was the youngest son of King Trisong Detsen of Tibet (reigned 800–815 CE – though various accounts give the beginning of his reign as 797 or 804 CE).", "title": "Sadnalegs" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chen Yuan was the fourth son of Chen Shubao, and the oldest son of Chen Shubao's favorite concubine Consort Zhang Lihua. His exact birth year is not known. At the time of Chen Yuan's birth, Chen Shubao was crown prince under Chen Yuan's grandfather Emperor Xuan. On her account, Chen Shubao also greatly favored Chen Yuan, but at the order of Emperor Xuan, Chen Yuan's older brother Chen Yin, Chen Shubao's oldest son, was designated heir. (Chen Yin was also not born of Chen Shubao's wife Crown Princess Shen Wuhua, but Crown Princess Shen raised him after Chen Yin's mother Consort Sun died in childbirth in 573).", "title": "Chen Yuan (prince)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries.", "title": "Holy Roman Empire" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 84553, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "who built a european empire and was crowned emperor of the romans in 800" }, { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nero Burning ROM is a pun in reference to Roman Emperor Nero, who was best known for his association in the Great Fire of Rome. The emperor allegedly fiddled while the city of Rome burned. Also, Rome in German is spelled Rom. The software's logo features a burning Colosseum, although this is an anachronism as it was not built until after Nero's death.", "title": "Nero Burning ROM" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrlɪmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\".", "title": "Gaius Julius Priscus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Luxembourg (; ) was a late medieval European royal family, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperors as well as Kings of Bohemia (\"Čeští králové, König von Böhmen\") and Hungary. Their rule over the Holy Roman Empire was twice interrupted by the rival House of Wittelsbach.", "title": "House of Luxembourg" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. \"Hellenistic\" is distinguished from \"Hellenic\" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.", "title": "Hellenistic period" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the main power in Iran, and the century-long geopolitical arch-rivalry between Romans and Parthians began, culminating in the Roman–Parthian Wars. The Parthian Empire continued as a feudal monarchy for nearly five centuries, until 224 CE, when it was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire. Together with their neighboring arch-rival, the Roman-Byzantines, they made up the world's two most dominant powers at the time, for over four centuries.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the face of aggressions by Napoleon I, who had been proclaimed \"Emperor of the French\" (French: \"Empereur des Français\"), by the French constitution on 18 May 1804, Francis II feared for the future of the Holy Roman Empire and wished to maintain his and his family's Imperial status in the event that the Holy Roman Empire should be dissolved. Therefore, on 11 August 1804 he created the new title of \"Emperor of Austria\" for himself and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. For two years, Francis carried two imperial titles: being Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and \"by the Grace of God\" (\"Von Gottes Gnaden\") Emperor Francis I of Austria.", "title": "Emperor of Austria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814).", "title": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1521, the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire incorporated the region into the Spanish Empire, with New Spain its colonial era name and Mexico City the center of colonial rule. It was built on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan and became the capital of New Spain. During the colonial era, Mexico's long - established Mesoamerican civilizations mixed with European culture. Perhaps nothing better represents this hybrid background than Mexico's languages: the country is both the most populous Spanish - speaking country in the world and home to the largest number of Native American language speakers in North America. For three centuries Mexico was part of the Spanish Empire, whose legacy is a country with a Spanish - speaking, Catholic and largely Western culture.", "title": "History of Mexico" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rover SD1 is both the code name and eventual production name given to a series of executive cars built by the Specialist Division (later the \"Jaguar-Rover-Triumph\" division) of British Leyland (BL), under the Rover marque. It was produced through its Specialist, Rover Triumph and Austin Rover divisions from 1976 until 1986, when it was replaced by the Rover 800. The SD1 was marketed under various names. In 1977 it won the European Car of the Year title.", "title": "Rover SD1" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under Charlemagne the Franks reached the height of their power. After campaigns against Lombards, Avars, Saxons, and Basques, the resulting Carolingian Empire stretched from the Pyrenees to Central Germany, from the North Sea to the Adriatic. In 800 the Pope made Charlemagne Emperor of the West in return for protection of the Church. The Carolingian Empire was a conscious effort to recreate a central administration modeled on that of the Roman Empire,[13] but the motivations behind military expansion differed. Charlemagne hoped to provide his nobles an incentive to fight by encouraging looting on campaign. Plunder and spoils of war were stronger temptations than imperial expansion, and several regions were invaded over and over in order to bolster the coffers of Frankish nobility.[14] Cavalry dominated the battlefields, and while the high costs associated with equipping horses and horse-riders helped limit their numbers, Carolingian armies maintained an average size of 20,000 by recruiting infantry from imperial territories near theaters of operation.[15] The Empire lasted from 800 to 843, when, following Frankish tradition, it was split between the sons of Louis the Pious by the Treaty of Verdun.", "title": "Military history of France" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to tributary relations with the Kushans, the Han Empire received gifts from the Parthian Empire, from a king in modern Burma, from a ruler in Japan, and initiated an unsuccessful mission to Daqin (Rome) in AD 97 with Gan Ying as emissary. A Roman embassy of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180 AD) is recorded in the Hou Hanshu to have reached the court of Emperor Huan of Han (r. AD 146–168) in AD 166, yet Rafe de Crespigny asserts that this was most likely a group of Roman merchants. Other travelers to Eastern-Han China included Buddhist monks who translated works into Chinese, such as An Shigao of Parthia, and Lokaksema from Kushan-era Gandhara, India.", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the continent of Europe, Anno Domini was introduced as the era of choice of the Carolingian Renaissance by the English cleric and scholar Alcuin in the late eighth century. Its endorsement by Emperor Charlemagne and his successors popularizing the use of the epoch and spreading it throughout the Carolingian Empire ultimately lies at the core of the system's prevalence. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, popes continued to date documents according to regnal years for some time, but usage of AD gradually became more common in Roman Catholic countries from the 11th to the 14th centuries. In 1422, Portugal became the last Western European country to switch to the system begun by Dionysius. Eastern Orthodox countries only began to adopt AD instead of the Byzantine calendar in 1700 when Russia did so, with others adopting it in the 19th and 20th centuries.", "title": "Anno Domini" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gallic Empire () or the Gallic Roman Empire are names used in modern historiography for a breakaway part of the Roman Empire that functioned \"de facto\" as a separate state from 260 to 274. It originated during the Crisis of the Third Century, when a series of Roman military leaders and aristocrats declared themselves emperors and took control of Gaul and adjacent provinces without attempting to conquer Italy or otherwise seize the central Roman administrative apparatus.", "title": "Gallic Empire" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.", "title": "Utrecht" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.", "title": "Palermo" } ]

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[ { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 84553, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "who built a european empire and was crowned emperor of the romans in 800" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Luxembourg (; ) was a late medieval European royal family, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperors as well as Kings of Bohemia (\"Čeští králové, König von Böhmen\") and Hungary. Their rule over the Holy Roman Empire was twice interrupted by the rival House of Wittelsbach.", "title": "House of Luxembourg" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the main power in Iran, and the century-long geopolitical arch-rivalry between Romans and Parthians began, culminating in the Roman–Parthian Wars. The Parthian Empire continued as a feudal monarchy for nearly five centuries, until 224 CE, when it was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire. Together with their neighboring arch-rival, the Roman-Byzantines, they made up the world's two most dominant powers at the time, for over four centuries.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to tributary relations with the Kushans, the Han Empire received gifts from the Parthian Empire, from a king in modern Burma, from a ruler in Japan, and initiated an unsuccessful mission to Daqin (Rome) in AD 97 with Gan Ying as emissary. A Roman embassy of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180 AD) is recorded in the Hou Hanshu to have reached the court of Emperor Huan of Han (r. AD 146–168) in AD 166, yet Rafe de Crespigny asserts that this was most likely a group of Roman merchants. Other travelers to Eastern-Han China included Buddhist monks who translated works into Chinese, such as An Shigao of Parthia, and Lokaksema from Kushan-era Gandhara, India.", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814).", "title": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1521, the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire incorporated the region into the Spanish Empire, with New Spain its colonial era name and Mexico City the center of colonial rule. It was built on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan and became the capital of New Spain. During the colonial era, Mexico's long - established Mesoamerican civilizations mixed with European culture. Perhaps nothing better represents this hybrid background than Mexico's languages: the country is both the most populous Spanish - speaking country in the world and home to the largest number of Native American language speakers in North America. For three centuries Mexico was part of the Spanish Empire, whose legacy is a country with a Spanish - speaking, Catholic and largely Western culture.", "title": "History of Mexico" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The Eastern Roman Empire, often referred to as the Byzantine Empire after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories. The Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, but none of the new kings in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of emperor of the west, Byzantine control of most of the Western Empire could not be sustained; the reconquest of the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean periphery by Justinian (r. 527–565) was the sole, and temporary, exception.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the face of aggressions by Napoleon I, who had been proclaimed \"Emperor of the French\" (French: \"Empereur des Français\"), by the French constitution on 18 May 1804, Francis II feared for the future of the Holy Roman Empire and wished to maintain his and his family's Imperial status in the event that the Holy Roman Empire should be dissolved. Therefore, on 11 August 1804 he created the new title of \"Emperor of Austria\" for himself and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. For two years, Francis carried two imperial titles: being Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and \"by the Grace of God\" (\"Von Gottes Gnaden\") Emperor Francis I of Austria.", "title": "Emperor of Austria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.", "title": "Utrecht" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under Charlemagne the Franks reached the height of their power. After campaigns against Lombards, Avars, Saxons, and Basques, the resulting Carolingian Empire stretched from the Pyrenees to Central Germany, from the North Sea to the Adriatic. In 800 the Pope made Charlemagne Emperor of the West in return for protection of the Church. The Carolingian Empire was a conscious effort to recreate a central administration modeled on that of the Roman Empire,[13] but the motivations behind military expansion differed. Charlemagne hoped to provide his nobles an incentive to fight by encouraging looting on campaign. Plunder and spoils of war were stronger temptations than imperial expansion, and several regions were invaded over and over in order to bolster the coffers of Frankish nobility.[14] Cavalry dominated the battlefields, and while the high costs associated with equipping horses and horse-riders helped limit their numbers, Carolingian armies maintained an average size of 20,000 by recruiting infantry from imperial territories near theaters of operation.[15] The Empire lasted from 800 to 843, when, following Frankish tradition, it was split between the sons of Louis the Pious by the Treaty of Verdun.", "title": "Military history of France" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\".", "title": "Gaius Julius Priscus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrlɪmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gallic Empire () or the Gallic Roman Empire are names used in modern historiography for a breakaway part of the Roman Empire that functioned \"de facto\" as a separate state from 260 to 274. It originated during the Crisis of the Third Century, when a series of Roman military leaders and aristocrats declared themselves emperors and took control of Gaul and adjacent provinces without attempting to conquer Italy or otherwise seize the central Roman administrative apparatus.", "title": "Gallic Empire" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nero Burning ROM is a pun in reference to Roman Emperor Nero, who was best known for his association in the Great Fire of Rome. The emperor allegedly fiddled while the city of Rome burned. Also, Rome in German is spelled Rom. The software's logo features a burning Colosseum, although this is an anachronism as it was not built until after Nero's death.", "title": "Nero Burning ROM" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rover SD1 is both the code name and eventual production name given to a series of executive cars built by the Specialist Division (later the \"Jaguar-Rover-Triumph\" division) of British Leyland (BL), under the Rover marque. It was produced through its Specialist, Rover Triumph and Austin Rover divisions from 1976 until 1986, when it was replaced by the Rover 800. The SD1 was marketed under various names. In 1977 it won the European Car of the Year title.", "title": "Rover SD1" } ]

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[ { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 60649, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "what was the name of the frankish king who formed the holy roman empire" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later invalidly canonized by the antipope Paschal III.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire, although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine. Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks conquered the other West Germanic tribes. When the Frankish Empire was divided among Charlemagne's heirs in 843, the eastern part became East Francia. In 962, Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the medieval German state.", "title": "History of Germany" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grimaldo Canella (d. c. 1184) was the youngest son of Otto Canella and Consul of Genoa in 1162, 1170, and 1184. He later served as an ambassador to the Holy Roman Empire of Frederick Barbarossa.", "title": "Grimaldo Canella" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Electorate of Baden was a State of the Holy Roman Empire from 1803 to 1806. In 1803, Napoleon bestowed the office of Prince-elector to Charles Frederick. This only lasted until 1806, when Francis II dissolved the Empire. When the Holy Roman Empire dissolved, Baden achieved sovereignty, and Charles Frederick became Grand Duke.", "title": "Electorate of Baden" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts began to be – sometimes forcibly – abandoned, and Gallaeci served frequently in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Romans brought new technologies, new travel routes, new forms of organizing property, and a new language; latin. The Roman Empire established its control over Galicia through camps (castra) as Aquis Querquennis, Ciadella camp or Lucus Augusti (Lugo), roads (viae) and monuments as the lighthouse known as Tower of Hercules, in Corunna, but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century of our era, when the gold mines stopped being productive, led to a lesser degree of Romanization. In the 3rd century it was made a province, under the name Gallaecia, which included also northern Portugal, Asturias, and a large section of what today is known as Castile and León.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Provincia Belgica Province of the Roman Empire 22 BC -- 5th century Capital Durocortorum (modern Reims) Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier) Historical era Antiquity Established after the Gallic Wars 22 BC Ended with Frankish Kingdoms 5th century Today part of Belgium France Luxembourg Germany < 90 Netherlands < 90", "title": "Gallia Belgica" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 612, King Theudebert II of Austrasia was defeated by King Theuderic II of Burgundy near Toul. By the Treaty of Meerssen of 870, Toul became part of East Francia, the later Holy Roman Empire. During the High Middle Ages, it became a Free Imperial City. Toul was annexed to France by King Henry II in 1552; this was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. It then was a part of the French province of the Three Bishoprics.", "title": "Toul" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was connected by land with the rest of the Prussian state and was reorganized as a province the following year (1773). Between 1829 and 1878, the Province of East Prussia was joined with West Prussia to form the Province of Prussia.", "title": "East Prussia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: \"Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ...\" (Meaning: \"I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...\") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378.", "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isenburg-Wied was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire, based around Neuwied in modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was renamed from Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1388, and was superseded by Wied in 1462.", "title": "Isenburg-Wied" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Verdun was part of the middle kingdom of Lotharingia, and in 1374 it became a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. The Bishopric of Verdun formed together with Tull (Toul) and Metz the Three Bishoprics, which were annexed by France in 1552 (recognized in 1648 by the Peace of Westphalia).", "title": "Verdun" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries.", "title": "Holy Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France. They were descended from Norse (\"Norman\" comes from \"Norseman\") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia. Through generations of assimilation and mixing with the native Frankish and Roman-Gaulish populations, their descendants would gradually merge with the Carolingian-based cultures of West Francia. The distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerged initially in the first half of the 10th century, and it continued to evolve over the succeeding centuries.", "title": "Normans" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isenburg-Arnfels was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Bad Hönningen area in modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.", "title": "Isenburg-Arnfels" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Early Middle Ages, from the end of the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland was part of the territory of the Kings of the Burgundians. The Alemanni settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century, forming Alemannia. Modern-day Switzerland was therefore then divided between the kingdoms of Alemannia and Burgundy. The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in the 6th century, following Clovis I's victory over the Alemanni at Tolbiac in 504 AD, and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians.", "title": "Switzerland" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 60649, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "what was the name of the frankish king who formed the holy roman empire" }, { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Provincia Belgica Province of the Roman Empire 22 BC -- 5th century Capital Durocortorum (modern Reims) Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier) Historical era Antiquity Established after the Gallic Wars 22 BC Ended with Frankish Kingdoms 5th century Today part of Belgium France Luxembourg Germany < 90 Netherlands < 90", "title": "Gallia Belgica" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 612, King Theudebert II of Austrasia was defeated by King Theuderic II of Burgundy near Toul. By the Treaty of Meerssen of 870, Toul became part of East Francia, the later Holy Roman Empire. During the High Middle Ages, it became a Free Imperial City. Toul was annexed to France by King Henry II in 1552; this was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. It then was a part of the French province of the Three Bishoprics.", "title": "Toul" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later invalidly canonized by the antipope Paschal III.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Luxembourg (; ) was a late medieval European royal family, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperors as well as Kings of Bohemia (\"Čeští králové, König von Böhmen\") and Hungary. Their rule over the Holy Roman Empire was twice interrupted by the rival House of Wittelsbach.", "title": "House of Luxembourg" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: \"Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ...\" (Meaning: \"I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...\") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378.", "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Early Middle Ages, from the end of the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland was part of the territory of the Kings of the Burgundians. The Alemanni settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century, forming Alemannia. Modern-day Switzerland was therefore then divided between the kingdoms of Alemannia and Burgundy. The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in the 6th century, following Clovis I's victory over the Alemanni at Tolbiac in 504 AD, and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814).", "title": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts began to be – sometimes forcibly – abandoned, and Gallaeci served frequently in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Romans brought new technologies, new travel routes, new forms of organizing property, and a new language; latin. The Roman Empire established its control over Galicia through camps (castra) as Aquis Querquennis, Ciadella camp or Lucus Augusti (Lugo), roads (viae) and monuments as the lighthouse known as Tower of Hercules, in Corunna, but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century of our era, when the gold mines stopped being productive, led to a lesser degree of Romanization. In the 3rd century it was made a province, under the name Gallaecia, which included also northern Portugal, Asturias, and a large section of what today is known as Castile and León.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alboin was probably born in the 530s in Pannonia, the son of Audoin and his wife, Rodelinda. She may have been the niece of King Theodoric and betrothed to Audoin through the mediation of Emperor Justinian. Like his father, Alboin was raised a pagan, although Audoin had at one point attempted to gain Byzantine support against his neighbours by professing himself a Christian. Alboin took as his first wife the Christian Chlothsind, daughter of the Frankish King Chlothar. This marriage, which took place soon after the death of the Frankish ruler Theudebald in 555, is thought to reflect Audoin's decision to distance himself from the Byzantines, traditional allies of the Lombards, who had been lukewarm when it came to supporting Audoin against the Gepids. The new Frankish alliance was important because of the Franks' known hostility to the Byzantine empire, providing the Lombards with more than one option. However, the \"Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire\" interprets events and sources differently, believing that Alboin married Chlothsind when already a king in or shortly before 561, the year of Chlothar's death.", "title": "Alboin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries.", "title": "Holy Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was connected by land with the rest of the Prussian state and was reorganized as a province the following year (1773). Between 1829 and 1878, the Province of East Prussia was joined with West Prussia to form the Province of Prussia.", "title": "East Prussia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isenburg-Wied was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire, based around Neuwied in modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was renamed from Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1388, and was superseded by Wied in 1462.", "title": "Isenburg-Wied" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire, although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine. Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks conquered the other West Germanic tribes. When the Frankish Empire was divided among Charlemagne's heirs in 843, the eastern part became East Francia. In 962, Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the medieval German state.", "title": "History of Germany" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France. They were descended from Norse (\"Norman\" comes from \"Norseman\") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia. Through generations of assimilation and mixing with the native Frankish and Roman-Gaulish populations, their descendants would gradually merge with the Carolingian-based cultures of West Francia. The distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerged initially in the first half of the 10th century, and it continued to evolve over the succeeding centuries.", "title": "Normans" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grimaldo Canella (d. c. 1184) was the youngest son of Otto Canella and Consul of Genoa in 1162, 1170, and 1184. He later served as an ambassador to the Holy Roman Empire of Frederick Barbarossa.", "title": "Grimaldo Canella" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isenburg-Arnfels was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Bad Hönningen area in modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.", "title": "Isenburg-Arnfels" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 91678, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "who was crowned the first holy roman emperor" }, { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 – 7 June 1394) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Richard II. A member of the House of Luxembourg, she was the eldest daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth of Pomerania. She died at age of 28 after 12 years of marriage; she was childless, and greatly mourned by her husband.", "title": "Anne of Bohemia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Electorate of Baden was a State of the Holy Roman Empire from 1803 to 1806. In 1803, Napoleon bestowed the office of Prince-elector to Charles Frederick. This only lasted until 1806, when Francis II dissolved the Empire. When the Holy Roman Empire dissolved, Baden achieved sovereignty, and Charles Frederick became Grand Duke.", "title": "Electorate of Baden" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the face of aggressions by Napoleon I, who had been proclaimed \"Emperor of the French\" (French: \"Empereur des Français\"), by the French constitution on 18 May 1804, Francis II feared for the future of the Holy Roman Empire and wished to maintain his and his family's Imperial status in the event that the Holy Roman Empire should be dissolved. Therefore, on 11 August 1804 he created the new title of \"Emperor of Austria\" for himself and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. For two years, Francis carried two imperial titles: being Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and \"by the Grace of God\" (\"Von Gottes Gnaden\") Emperor Francis I of Austria.", "title": "Emperor of Austria" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (the predecessor of Ferdinand I) and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christendom permanent within the Holy Roman Empire, allowing rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official confession of their state. Calvinism was not allowed until the Peace of Westphalia.", "title": "Peace of Augsburg" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonia Major also known as Julia Antonia Major (Latin: Antonia Maior, \"PIR\" A 884) (born August/September 39 BC), also known as Antonia the Elder, was a daughter of Triumvir Mark Antony and Octavia the Younger and a relative of the first Roman emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was a niece of the first emperor Augustus, step cousin of the emperor Tiberius, paternal great-aunt of the emperor Caligula, maternal aunt and great-aunt-in law of the emperor Claudius, and paternal grandmother and maternal great-great aunt of the emperor Nero.", "title": "Antonia the Elder" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (28 August 1691 – 21 December 1750) was Princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary; and Archduchess of Austria by her marriage to Emperor Charles VI. She was renowned for her delicate beauty and also for being the mother of Empress Maria Theresa. She was the longest serving Holy Roman Empress.", "title": "Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cuacos de Yuste is a municipality in the province of Cáceres and autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The municipality covers an area of and as of 2011 had a population of 902 people. It is best known for the Monastery of Yuste, whence Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, retired and died.", "title": "Cuacos de Yuste" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Umberto Mozzoni was born in Buenos Aires, but his family later moved to Macerata, Italy. He attended the seminary there before going to Rome, where he studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, Pontifical Roman Athenaeum \"S. Apollinare\", and the University of Rome. Ordained a priest on August 14, 1927, Mozzoni then did pastoral work in the Diocese of Macerata and taught at its seminary until 1935. He successively served as secretary and auditor of the apostolic delegations to Canada and Great Britain, and the nunciature to Portugal. He was raised to the rank of a Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness on October 7, 1936, and a Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on January 2, 1948.", "title": "Umberto Mozzoni" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814).", "title": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Cunigunde of Luxembourg, OSB (c. 975 – 3 March 1040), also called Cunegundes, Cunegunda, and Cunegonda and, in Latin, Cunegundis or Kinigundis, was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Saint Henry II. She served as interim Regent after the death of her spouse in 1024. She is a Roman Catholic saint and the Patroness of Luxembourg and Lithuania; her feast day is 3 March.", "title": "Cunigunde of Luxembourg" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodoric of Prague or Master Theoderic (in Latin Magister Theodoricus; working ca. 1360–1380) was a Bohemian Gothic painter who was court painter to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and the first Bohemian painter whose name can be linked to a body of work. His masterpiece, by which he is known, is the Chapel of the Holy Cross at Charles' newly completed Karlštejn Castle castle-palace near Prague, containing a large series of slightly over-lifesize half-length panel portraits of saints and other notable figures on a gold ground, commissioned in 1359, though completed over a number of years. Theodoric was the first Czech painter whose works are confirmed by archived documentation.", "title": "Theodoric of Prague" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\".", "title": "Gaius Julius Priscus" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: \"Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ...\" (Meaning: \"I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...\") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378.", "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later invalidly canonized by the antipope Paschal III.", "title": "Charlemagne" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Angela Merkel", "id": 21282, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which German chancellor was criticized by The Sun?" }, { "answer": "East Germany", "id": 692112, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "GDR", "id": 236857, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Women's football in #2 >> country" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "François Mitterrand, a Socialist, emphasized European unity and the preservation of France's special relationships with its former colonies in the face of ``Anglo - Saxon influence. ''A part of the enacted policies was formulated in the Socialist Party's 110 Propositions for France, the electoral program for the 1981 presidential election. He had a warm and effective relationship with the conservative German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. They promoted French - German bilateralism in Europe And strengthened military cooperation between the two countries.", "title": "Foreign relations of France" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandra Betschart (born 30 March 1989) is a Swiss footballer who plays as a defender for German club MSV Duisburg and the Switzerland women's national football team.", "title": "Sandra Betschart" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gambia Women's National Football Team represents the Gambia in international football competition. The team, however, has not competed in a match recognised by FIFA, the sport's international governing body, despite that organised women's football has been played in the country since 1998. The Gambia has two youth teams, an under-17 side that has competed in FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup qualifiers, and an under-19 side that withdrew from regional qualifiers for an under-19 World Cup. The development of a national team faces challenges similar to those across Africa, although the national football association has four staff members focusing on women's football.", "title": "Gambia women's national football team" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bárbara Micheline do Monte Barbosa (born 4 July 1988), commonly known as Bárbara, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Kindermann and the Brazil women's national football team. Bárbara has played for clubs in Italy, Sweden and Germany as well as in her native Brazil. Since making her national team debut in 2007, she has won over 30 caps for Brazil. She has been part of her country's squad at four editions of the FIFA Women's World Cup and at two Olympic football tournaments.", "title": "Bárbara Micheline do Monte Barbosa" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Murdoch has responded to some of the arguments against the newspaper by saying that critics are \"snobs\" who want to \"impose their tastes on everyone else\", while MacKenzie claims the same critics are people who, if they ever had a \"popular idea\", would have to \"go and lie down in a dark room for half an hour\". Both have pointed to the huge commercial success of the Sun in this period and its establishment as Britain's top-selling newspaper, claiming that they are \"giving the public what they want\". This conclusion is disputed by critics. John Pilger has said that a late-1970s edition of the Daily Mirror, which replaced the usual celebrity and domestic political news items with an entire issue devoted to his own front-line reporting of the genocide in Pol Pot's Cambodia, not only outsold The Sun on the day it was issued but became the only edition of the Daily Mirror to ever sell every single copy issued throughout the country, something never achieved by The Sun.", "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Give My Love to Rose is a country song by Johnny Cash, which he recorded together with the Tennessee Two at Sun Records under the production of Sam Phillips in 1957. The song was released in August of the same year as the B - side of the single ``Home of the Blues ''(Sun 279), which reached No. 3 in the Country Jockey charts and No. 5 in the Country & Western Chart.`` Give My Love To Rose'' reached No. 13 in the Country & Western Chart.", "title": "Give My Love to Rose" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''..", "title": "Sophia (robot)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Leussink (2 February 1912 in Schüttorf – 16 February 2008 in Karlsruhe) was a German teacher and politician. He served as the country's Minister for Education and Research from October 1969 to March 1972 in Cabinet Brandt I under Chancellor Willy Brandt. His descendants live in Canada and the Netherlands.", "title": "Hans Leussink" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sun has been openly antagonistic towards other European nations, particularly the French and Germans. During the 1980s and 1990s, the nationalities were routinely described in copy and headlines as \"frogs\", \"krauts\" or \"hun\". As the paper is opposed to the EU it has referred to foreign leaders who it deemed hostile to the UK in unflattering terms. Former President Jacques Chirac of France, for instance, was branded \"le Worm\". An unflattering picture of German chancellor Angela Merkel, taken from the rear, bore the headline \"I'm Big in the Bumdestag\" (17 April 2006).", "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henri Markarian, better known as Marc Aryan (14 November 1926 in Valence, France – 30 November 1985 in Ohain, Belgium), was a French-Belgian singer, songwriter, and record producer of Armenian descent born as a French citizen, who also acquired Belgian citizenship after a long residency in the country.", "title": "Marc Aryan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ole Bo Rasmussen (born 19 March 1952) is a Danish former football player, who played professionally for German club Hertha BSC. He played 41 games and scored one goal for the Denmark national football team, and represented his country at the 1984 European Championship.", "title": "Ole Rasmussen (footballer, born 1952)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marianne Ehrmann (née: Marianne Brentano-Corti, also \"Marianne Ehrmann-Brentano\" and \"Madame Sternheim\", born 25 November 1755; † 14 August 1795) was one of the first women novelists, publicists and journalists in the German-speaking countries.", "title": "Marianne Ehrmann" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leni Larsen Kaurin (born 21 March 1981) is a Norwegian football midfielder who has made almost 100 appearances for the Norway women's national football team. Kaurin represented her country in the 2009 and 2013 editions of the UEFA Women's Championship, as well as the 2007 and 2011 FIFA Women's World Cups. She also played at the 2008 Olympic Football Tournament. At club level she played for domestic teams Fortuna Ålesund, Asker, Team Strømmen, Stabæk and Fløya. She also played for German Frauen-Bundesliga clubs Turbine Potsdam, FFC Frankfurt and VfL Wolfsburg as well as a short stint in the North American W-League with Ottawa Fury.", "title": "Leni Larsen Kaurin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under the Sun is the third studio album by Danish singer Ida Corr, released on 31 August 2009. On 27 April the first single \"Time\" was released in Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway. The album's second single, \"I Want You\" was released in Scandinavia on 10 August and in the German-speaking countries and Italy shortly after. The album was published under the label disco:wax under license from Lifted House, and distributed by Warner Music. The album's third single \"Under the Sun\", which features guest vocals by Shaggy, was released digitally worldwide in December.", "title": "Under the Sun (Ida Corr album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Merkel was born in Hamburg in then-West Germany and moved to East Germany as an infant when her father, a Lutheran clergyman, received a pastorate in Perleberg. She obtained a doctorate in quantum chemistry in 1986 and worked as a research scientist until 1989. Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989, and briefly served as a deputy spokesperson for the first democratically elected East German Government headed by Lothar de Maizière in 1990. Following German reunification in 1990, Merkel was elected to the Bundestag for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and has been reelected ever since. As the protégée of Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Merkel was appointed as the Federal Minister for Women and Youth in Kohl's government in 1991, and became the Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in 1994. After her party lost the federal election in 1998, Merkel was elected Secretary-General of the CDU before becoming the party's first female leader two years later in the aftermath of a donations scandal that toppled Wolfgang Schäuble.", "title": "Angela Merkel" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Sam's Place\" is a 1967 country song written by Red Simpson and recorded by Buck Owens. The single went to number one on the country charts spending three weeks at the top and a total of thirteen weeks on the country charts. The song is about a honky-tonk called \"Sam's Place,\" of which the singer is a regular all-night patron (\"You can always find me down at Sam's Place from the setting sun until the break of day.\"). Other patrons include two women who are nicknamed for their dancing abilities and whose real names happen to rhyme with their respective hometowns: \"Shimmy-Shakin'\" Tina from Pasadena and \"Hootchie-Kootchie\" Hattie from Cincinnati.", "title": "Sam's Place" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In English - speaking countries, the common verbal response to another person's sneeze is ``bless you '', or, less commonly in the United States and Canada,`` Gesundheit'', the German word for health (and the response to sneezing in German - speaking countries). There are several proposed bless - you origins for use in the context of sneezing.", "title": "Response to sneezing" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (German: (ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈhɛɐ̯man ˈjoːzəf ˈaːdəˌnaʊ̯ɐ) (listen); 5 January 1876 -- 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963. He led his country from the ruins of World War II to a productive and prosperous nation that forged close relations with France, the United Kingdom and the United States. During his years in power West Germany achieved democracy, stability, international respect and economic prosperity (``Wirtschaftswunder '', German for`` economic miracle''). He was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became one of the most influential parties in the country.", "title": "Konrad Adenauer" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the GDR women's football clubs existed since the late 1960s. While local leagues existed since 1970 a national championship was first held in 1979 and a cup was incepted only in 1987.", "title": "Women's football in East Germany" } ]

[ "East Germany" ]

[ { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 79978, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "who was crowned the new roman emperor in a.d. 800" }, { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nguyễn Trường Tộ (chữ Hán: , ; 1830–1871) was a Roman Catholic scholar and reformer during the reign of Tự Đức of the Nguyễn Dynasty, the last sovereign Emperor of Vietnam under which the French colonial forces colonized the country. Nguyễn Trường Tộ was best known for his advocacy of his modernisation of Vietnam, criticising the rigid Confucianism of the Huế court.", "title": "Nguyễn Trường Tộ" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ran Zhi, as Ran Min's oldest son, was created crown prince when he proclaimed the new state in 350 after overthrowing the Later Zhao emperor Shi Jian and declared himself emperor. He created Ran Zhi's mother Lady Dong empress. After he was captured and executed by Former Yan's prince Murong Jun in 352, Empress Dong tried to hold out but was eventually forced to surrender. Murong Jun created her the Lady Fengxi and created Ran Zhi the Marquess of Haibin. In 354, the Former Yan official Song Bin (宋斌) was accused of leading a plot to have Ran Zhi made emperor, and it was said that all who were involved were executed — implying, but not explicitly stating, that Ran Zhi was executed as well. A number of officials named Ran during the later Northern Wei Dynasty claimed descent from Ran Min, presumably through Ran Zhi.", "title": "Ran Zhi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect, the plebeians were satisfied with the possession of power, but did not care to use it. The senate was supreme during this era because the era was dominated by questions of foreign and military policy. This was the most militarily active era of the Roman Republic.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814).", "title": "Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kōkoku (興国) was a Japanese era of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Engen and before Shōhei, lasting from April 1340 to December 1346. The emperor in Kyoto was . Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was .", "title": "Kōkoku" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.", "title": "Charlemagne" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Septimius Severus (; ; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211), also known as Severus, was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the \"cursus honorum\"—the customary succession of offices—under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors.", "title": "Septimius Severus" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor", "title": "Holy Roman Emperor" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries.", "title": "Holy Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, the son of the famed official and calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Her mother Princess Xin'an was the daughter of Emperor Jianwen, making her and her husband cousins. In 396, while he was still crown prince under his father Emperor Xiaowu, they married, and she became crown empress. She was 12, and he was 14. As he was described to be so developmentally disabled that he could not speak or dress himself, or express whether he was full or hungry, it was unlikely that their marriage was consummated; in any case, they had no children. Later that year, after Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after humiliating her, Emperor An became emperor. In 397, she was created empress.", "title": "Wang Shen'ai" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts began to be – sometimes forcibly – abandoned, and Gallaeci served frequently in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Romans brought new technologies, new travel routes, new forms of organizing property, and a new language; latin. The Roman Empire established its control over Galicia through camps (castra) as Aquis Querquennis, Ciadella camp or Lucus Augusti (Lugo), roads (viae) and monuments as the lighthouse known as Tower of Hercules, in Corunna, but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century of our era, when the gold mines stopped being productive, led to a lesser degree of Romanization. In the 3rd century it was made a province, under the name Gallaecia, which included also northern Portugal, Asturias, and a large section of what today is known as Castile and León.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Consort Yujiulü (郁久閭椒房, personal name unknown) (died 452), formally Empress Gong (恭皇后, literally \"the respectful empress\"), was a consort of Tuoba Huang (Crown Prince Jingmu), a crown prince of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was the mother of Emperor Wencheng.", "title": "Consort Yujiulü" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonia Major also known as Julia Antonia Major (Latin: Antonia Maior, \"PIR\" A 884) (born August/September 39 BC), also known as Antonia the Elder, was a daughter of Triumvir Mark Antony and Octavia the Younger and a relative of the first Roman emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was a niece of the first emperor Augustus, step cousin of the emperor Tiberius, paternal great-aunt of the emperor Caligula, maternal aunt and great-aunt-in law of the emperor Claudius, and paternal grandmother and maternal great-great aunt of the emperor Nero.", "title": "Antonia the Elder" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\".", "title": "Gaius Julius Priscus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the revelation of Mona Vanderwaal as the first and original ``A '', she began receiving visits from someone, known as Red Coat, who offered her a partnership and together they built up the`` A-Team''. The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second ``A '', Red Coat, and the leader of the`` A-Team'' was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as ``A.D. '', while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale,`` A.D.'' reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer.", "title": "A (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Heian period was preceded by the Nara period and began in 794 A.D after the movement of the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (present day Kyōto京都), by the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu. Kanmu first tried to move the capital to Nagaoka-kyō, but a series of disasters befell the city, prompting the emperor to relocate the capital a second time, to Heian. The Heian Period is considered a high point in Japanese culture that later generations have always admired. The period is also noted for the rise of the samurai class, which would eventually take power and start the feudal period of Japan.", "title": "Heian period" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 19639, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What king united the tribes in the 9th century?" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the southern part of the state, in a region known as Aridoamerica, Chichimeca people survived by hunting, gathering, and farming between AD 300 and 1300. The Chichimeca are the ancestors of the Tepehuan people.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varangians, driving them \"back beyond the sea and, refusing them further tribute, set out to govern themselves.\" The tribes had no laws, however, and soon began to make war with one another, prompting them to invite the Varangians back to rule them and bring peace to the region:", "title": "Kievan Rus'" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the death of David's son, King Solomon, the ten northern tribes of the Kingdom of Israel rejected the Davidic line, refusing to accept Solomon's son, Rehoboam, and instead chose as king Jeroboam and formed the northern Kingdom of Israel. This kingdom was conquered by Assyria in the 8th century BCE which exiled much of the Northern Kingdom population and ended its sovereign status. The bulk population of the Northern Kingdom of Israel was forced to relocate to Mesopotamia and mostly disappeared from history as The Ten Lost Tribes or intermixed with exiled Judean populations two centuries later, while the remaining Israelite peoples in Samaria highlands have become known as Samaritans during the classic era and to modern times.", "title": "Davidic line" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crimthann Mór, son of Fidach , also written Crimthand Mór, was a semi-mythological king of Munster and High King of Ireland of the 4th century. He gained territory in Britain and Gaul, but died poisoned by his sister Mongfind. It is possible that he was also recognised as king of Scotland or Alba. As his Gaelic name means fox, Crimthand Mór mac Fidaig becomes Great Fox, son of Woodsman (Fidach) in English. This Crimthann is to be distinguished from two previous High Kings of Ireland of the same name, two Kings of Leinster, and another King of Munster, among others. Importantly, he is included in the Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig (summary), and is thus the last High King of Ireland from Munster until Brian Bóruma, over six hundred years later.", "title": "Crimthann mac Fidaig" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Later fresco replaced the more labor-intensive technique of mosaic in Western-Europe, although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals. The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia) had a mosaic decoration in the apse. It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese craftsmen, executed in the first decades of the 11th century. The mosaic was almost totally destroyed together with the basilica in the 17th century. The Golden Gate of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague got its name from the golden 14th-century mosaic of the Last Judgement above the portal. It was executed by Venetian craftsmen.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Morgan Crofton (1826, Dublin, Ireland – 1915, Brighton, England) was an Irish mathematician who contributed to the field of geometric probability theory. He also worked with James Joseph Sylvester and contributed an article on probability to the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Crofton's formula is named in his honour.", "title": "Morgan Crofton" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first permanent European settlements in Canada were at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608 as fur trading posts. The territories of New France were Canada, Acadia (later renamed Nova Scotia), and Louisiana. The inhabitants of Canada called themselves the Canadiens, and came mostly from northwestern France. The early inhabitants of Acadia, or Acadiens, came mostly but not exclusively from the Southwestern region of France. Canadien explorers and fur traders would come to be known as coureurs des bois, while those who settled on farms in Canada would come to be known as habitants. Many French Canadians are the descendants of the King's Daughters of this era. Many also are the descendants of mixed French and Algonquin marriages.", "title": "French Canadians" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh dates back to the time when the Indus valley civilisation flourished between 2250 and 1750 BCE. Tribes such as the Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars, and Kirats inhabited the region from the prehistoric era. During the Vedic period, several small republics known as \"Janapada\" existed which were later conquered by the Gupta Empire. After a brief period of supremacy by King Harshavardhana, the region was once again divided into several local powers headed by chieftains, including some Rajput principalities. These kingdoms enjoyed a large degree of independence and were invaded by Delhi Sultanate a number of times. Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century. Timur and Sikander Lodi also marched through the lower hills of the state and captured a number of forts and fought many battles. Several hill states acknowledged Mughal suzerainty and paid regular tribute to the Mughals.", "title": "Himachal Pradesh" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kabul Shahi dynasties ruled the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century. The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870. The kingdom was known as the Kabul Shahan or Ratbelshahan from 565-670, when the capitals were located in Kapisa and Kabul, and later Udabhandapura, also known as Hund for its new capital.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnieper, and Volga Rivers. To their north, in the Ladoga and Karelia regions, were the Finnic Chud tribe. In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east. To their north and east were the Vyatichi, and to their south was forested land settled by Slav farmers, giving way to steppelands populated by nomadic herdsmen.", "title": "Kievan Rus'" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Erik Björnsson was one of the sons of Björn Ironside and a semi-legendary king of Sweden of the House of Munsö, who would have lived in the late 9th century. One of the few surviving Scandinavian sources that deal with Swedish kings from this time is \"Hervarar saga\". It says:", "title": "Erik Björnsson" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yanpar (also known as Gökkuşağı) is a village in Akdeniz district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It is situated just south of Çukurova motorway. The distance to Mersin is . The name of the village refers to the Yanpar tribe. Although there are no references to this tribe in historical records, according to the village website, Yanpar is the original name of the Yaparlu tribe of the historical records. Yanpar tribe is a Turkmen tribe that migrated from Central Anatolia to the present area during the short Egyptian rule in the 1830s. The population of the village was 730 as of 2012.", "title": "Yanpar" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seisyllwg () was a petty kingdom of medieval Wales. It is unclear when it emerged as a distinct unit, but according to later sources it consisted of the former Kingdom of Ceredigion plus the region known as Ystrad Tywi. Thus it covered the modern county of Ceredigion, part of Carmarthenshire, and the Gower Peninsula. It is evidently named after Seisyll, king of Ceredigion in the 7th or early 8th century, but it is unknown if he was directly responsible for its establishment. In the 10th century Seisyllwg became the center of power for Hywel Dda, who came to rule most of Wales. In 920 Hywel merged Seisyllwg with the Kingdom of Dyfed to form the new kingdom of Deheubarth.", "title": "Seisyllwg" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Clarence King, located in the Kings Canyon National Park, is named for Clarence King, who worked on the Whitney Survey, the first geological survey of California. King later became the first chief of the United States Geological Survey.", "title": "Mount Clarence King" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a \"German\" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first written evidence of deities in Egypt comes from the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2686 BC). Deities must have emerged sometime in the preceding Predynastic Period (before 3100 BC) and grown out of prehistoric religious beliefs. Predynastic artwork depicts a variety of animal and human figures. Some of these images, such as stars and cattle, are reminiscent of important features of Egyptian religion in later times, but in most cases there is not enough evidence to say whether the images are connected with deities. As Egyptian society grew more sophisticated, clearer signs of religious activity appeared. The earliest known temples appeared in the last centuries of the predynastic era, along with images that resemble the iconographies of known deities: the falcon that represents Horus and several other gods, the crossed arrows that stand for Neith, and the enigmatic \"Set animal\" that represents Set.", "title": "Ancient Egyptian deities" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northwest Indian War (1785 -- 1795), also known as the Ohio War, Little Turtle's War, and by other names, was a war between the United States and a confederation of numerous Native American tribes, with support from the British, for control of the Northwest Territory. It followed centuries of conflict over this territory, first among Native American tribes, and then with the added shifting alliances among the tribes and the European powers of France and Great Britain, and their colonials.", "title": "Northwest Indian War" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Ernie K-Doe", "id": 765565, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Here Come the Girls >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 326948, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "General Edward Pakenham", "id": 78782, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "british general in the battle of #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bellas are left in disgrace after the incident with no hopes of winning the competition until Stacie calls the girls to inform she has given birth to a baby girl and named her Bella. This motivates the Bellas to just perform their hearts out without trying to win. Back at the USO competition, the Bellas perform tremendously to adoring crowds through different performances, repairing their reputation and chances to win in the process. Fergus is accepted by Amy, who believes he came to one of their performances to see her. He accidentally reveals that he has not seen her perform at all, while confessing that he is only trying to acquire an offshore account Amy's mother set up which contains US $180 million. After Amy shuts out Fergus again, Chicago and Zeke escort her away from her father, who swears revenge on her. Meanwhile, only Beca is asked personally by DJ Khaled to open for him, disregarding the other Bellas. Beca politely declines the offer and leaves to her room. Later, the Bellas are taken away by a Frenchman in a dark grey van out onto a yacht in a nearby harbor. The yacht belongs to Fergus, who is using the Bellas as a means to get Amy to come for him. Amy and Beca hear of the kidnapping and decide to rescue the Bellas. Beca distracts Fergus by having the Bellas perform ``Toxic ''for him and two of his men, just as Amy sets the yacht to explode. The Bellas escape the yacht just before it blows. Fergus survives the explosion and is arrested for his crimes.", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Porto Praya was a naval battle that took place during the American Revolutionary War on 16 April 1781 between a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone and a French squadron under the Bailli de Suffren.", "title": "Battle of Porto Praya" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dunkirk was a military operation that took place in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War. The battle was fought between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940.", "title": "Battle of Dunkirk" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Monongahela (also known as the Battle of Braddock's Field and the Battle of the Wilderness) took place on 9 July 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, at Braddock's Field in what is now Braddock, Pennsylvania, east of Pittsburgh. A British force under General Edward Braddock, moving to take Fort Duquesne, was defeated by a force of French and Canadian troops under Captain Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu with its American Indian allies.", "title": "Battle of the Monongahela" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Girls' Generation's Romantic Fantasy was a 2013 New Year's Day comeback special broadcast on Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) at 23:15 on 1 January 2013, starring South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. The special follows the group in preparation of their fourth Korean-language album \"I Got A Boy\", released on the same day, along with an accompanying live concert featuring songs from the album, the group's previous hits, and solo performances from members.", "title": "Girls' Generation's Romantic Fantasy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), or Battle of Dominica, was an important naval battle in the Caribbean between the British and the French that took place 9 April 1782 – 12 April 1782, during the American Revolutionary War. The British fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney defeated a French fleet under the Comte de Grasse, forcing the French and Spanish to abandon a planned invasion of Jamaica.", "title": "Battle of the Saintes" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought between December 14, 1814 and January 18, 1815, constituting the last major battle of the War of 1812. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented a much larger British force, commanded by Admiral Alexander Cochrane and General Edward Pakenham, from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.", "title": "Battle of New Orleans" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Alto de los Godos was a battle that took place on 25 May 1813 in Maturín, Venezuela, in the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada. It resulted in a patriot victory against the forces of Spanish general Domingo de Monteverde.", "title": "Battle of Alto de los Godos" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Saint Kitts, also known as the Battle of Frigate Bay, was a naval battle that took place on 25 and 26 January 1782 during the American Revolutionary War between a British fleet under Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood and a larger French fleet under the Comte de Grasse.", "title": "Battle of Saint Kitts" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The battle was a tactical victory for the British, but it proved to be a sobering experience for them, involving many more casualties than the Americans had incurred, including a large number of officers. The battle had demonstrated that inexperienced militia were able to stand up to regular army troops in battle. Subsequently, the battle discouraged the British from any further frontal attacks against well defended front lines. American casualties were comparatively much fewer, although their losses included General Joseph Warren and Major Andrew McClary, the final casualty of the battle.", "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.", "title": "Mother-in-Law Lounge" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Bay of Biscay was a naval action that took place on 28 December 1943 during World War II as part of the Atlantic campaign. The battle took place in the Bay of Biscay between two light cruisers of the British Royal Navy, and a destroyer and a torpedo boat flotilla of the German Kriegsmarine hoping to intercept and escort a blockade runner. The battle was fought as part of the Allied Operation Stonewall which was to intercept German blockade runners off the west coast of France. In the confused action that followed the two British cruisers HMS \"Enterprise\" and HMS \"Glasgow\" respectively sank \"T26\", together with her sister ship \"T25\" and the destroyer \"Z27\".", "title": "Battle of the Bay of Biscay" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "title": "British nationality law" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The battle was a tactical, though somewhat Pyrrhic victory for the British, as it proved to be a sobering experience for them, involving many more casualties than the Americans had incurred, including a large number of officers. The battle had demonstrated that inexperienced militia were able to stand up to regular army troops in battle. Subsequently, the battle discouraged the British from any further frontal attacks against well defended front lines. American casualties were comparatively much fewer, although their losses included General Joseph Warren and Major Andrew McClary, the final casualty of the battle.", "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Balanjar was a battle that took place during the First Khazar-Arab War between the armies of the Khazar Khaganate and the Caliphate, whose commanding general was Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah.", "title": "Battle of Balanjar (650s)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781. The combatants were a British fleet led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves and a French fleet led by Rear Admiral Francois Joseph Paul, the Comte de Grasse. The battle was strategically decisive, in that it prevented the Royal Navy from reinforcing or evacuating the forces of Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. The French were able to achieve control of the sea lanes against the British, allowing them to provide the Franco - American army with siege artillery and French reinforcements -- all of which proved decisive in the Siege of Yorktown, effectively securing independence for the Thirteen Colonies.", "title": "Battle of the Chesapeake" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gossip Girl follows the lives of a group of young adults coming from a wealthy background. In this final episode, the death of Bart Bass rushes Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) to marry Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) and the identity of Gossip Girl is revealed. A five - year flash forward takes place and shows the wedding of Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) to Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively).", "title": "New York, I Love You XOXO" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1970. It failed to chart at that time.", "title": "Here Come the Girls (song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest known account of levitation play comes from the diary of Samuel Pepys (1633 - 1703), a British naval administrator. Pepys's account of levitation play comes from a conversation with a friend of his, Mr. Brisband, who claimed to have seen four little girls playing light as a feather, stiff as a board in Bourdeaux, France. Pepys's account of Mr. Brisband's experience reads:", "title": "Light as a feather, stiff as a board" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Alexandria or Battle of Canope, fought on 21 March 1801 between the French army under General Menou and the British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercromby, took place near the ruins of Nicopolis, on the narrow spit of land between the sea and Lake Abukir, along which the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria after the actions of Abukir on 8 March and Mandora on 13 March.", "title": "Battle of Alexandria" } ]

[ "Edward Pakenham" ]

[ { "answer": "Charlemagne", "id": 19639, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What king united the tribes in the 9th century?" }, { "answer": "from the Latin", "id": 90098, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "where does the last name sylvester come from" }, { "answer": "Medieval Latin", "id": 10557, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first written evidence of deities in Egypt comes from the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2686 BC). Deities must have emerged sometime in the preceding Predynastic Period (before 3100 BC) and grown out of prehistoric religious beliefs. Predynastic artwork depicts a variety of animal and human figures. Some of these images, such as stars and cattle, are reminiscent of important features of Egyptian religion in later times, but in most cases there is not enough evidence to say whether the images are connected with deities. As Egyptian society grew more sophisticated, clearer signs of religious activity appeared. The earliest known temples appeared in the last centuries of the predynastic era, along with images that resemble the iconographies of known deities: the falcon that represents Horus and several other gods, the crossed arrows that stand for Neith, and the enigmatic \"Set animal\" that represents Set.", "title": "Ancient Egyptian deities" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seisyllwg () was a petty kingdom of medieval Wales. It is unclear when it emerged as a distinct unit, but according to later sources it consisted of the former Kingdom of Ceredigion plus the region known as Ystrad Tywi. Thus it covered the modern county of Ceredigion, part of Carmarthenshire, and the Gower Peninsula. It is evidently named after Seisyll, king of Ceredigion in the 7th or early 8th century, but it is unknown if he was directly responsible for its establishment. In the 10th century Seisyllwg became the center of power for Hywel Dda, who came to rule most of Wales. In 920 Hywel merged Seisyllwg with the Kingdom of Dyfed to form the new kingdom of Deheubarth.", "title": "Seisyllwg" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yanpar (also known as Gökkuşağı) is a village in Akdeniz district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It is situated just south of Çukurova motorway. The distance to Mersin is . The name of the village refers to the Yanpar tribe. Although there are no references to this tribe in historical records, according to the village website, Yanpar is the original name of the Yaparlu tribe of the historical records. Yanpar tribe is a Turkmen tribe that migrated from Central Anatolia to the present area during the short Egyptian rule in the 1830s. The population of the village was 730 as of 2012.", "title": "Yanpar" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the death of David's son, King Solomon, the ten northern tribes of the Kingdom of Israel rejected the Davidic line, refusing to accept Solomon's son, Rehoboam, and instead chose as king Jeroboam and formed the northern Kingdom of Israel. This kingdom was conquered by Assyria in the 8th century BCE which exiled much of the Northern Kingdom population and ended its sovereign status. The bulk population of the Northern Kingdom of Israel was forced to relocate to Mesopotamia and mostly disappeared from history as The Ten Lost Tribes or intermixed with exiled Judean populations two centuries later, while the remaining Israelite peoples in Samaria highlands have become known as Samaritans during the classic era and to modern times.", "title": "Davidic line" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kabul Shahi dynasties ruled the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century. The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870. The kingdom was known as the Kabul Shahan or Ratbelshahan from 565-670, when the capitals were located in Kapisa and Kabul, and later Udabhandapura, also known as Hund for its new capital.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnieper, and Volga Rivers. To their north, in the Ladoga and Karelia regions, were the Finnic Chud tribe. In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east. To their north and east were the Vyatichi, and to their south was forested land settled by Slav farmers, giving way to steppelands populated by nomadic herdsmen.", "title": "Kievan Rus'" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Allagash River is a tributary of the Saint John River, approximately long, in northern Maine in the United States. It drains in a remote and scenic area of wilderness in the Maine North Woods north of Mount Katahdin. The name \"Allagash\" comes from the Abenaki language, a dialect of the Algonquin languages, spoken by the Penobscot Tribe The word, \"/walakéskʸihtəkʸ/\", means \"bark stream\".", "title": "Allagash River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.", "title": "Sylvester" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first permanent European settlements in Canada were at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608 as fur trading posts. The territories of New France were Canada, Acadia (later renamed Nova Scotia), and Louisiana. The inhabitants of Canada called themselves the Canadiens, and came mostly from northwestern France. The early inhabitants of Acadia, or Acadiens, came mostly but not exclusively from the Southwestern region of France. Canadien explorers and fur traders would come to be known as coureurs des bois, while those who settled on farms in Canada would come to be known as habitants. Many French Canadians are the descendants of the King's Daughters of this era. Many also are the descendants of mixed French and Algonquin marriages.", "title": "French Canadians" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crimthann Mór, son of Fidach , also written Crimthand Mór, was a semi-mythological king of Munster and High King of Ireland of the 4th century. He gained territory in Britain and Gaul, but died poisoned by his sister Mongfind. It is possible that he was also recognised as king of Scotland or Alba. As his Gaelic name means fox, Crimthand Mór mac Fidaig becomes Great Fox, son of Woodsman (Fidach) in English. This Crimthann is to be distinguished from two previous High Kings of Ireland of the same name, two Kings of Leinster, and another King of Munster, among others. Importantly, he is included in the Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig (summary), and is thus the last High King of Ireland from Munster until Brian Bóruma, over six hundred years later.", "title": "Crimthann mac Fidaig" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Erik Björnsson was one of the sons of Björn Ironside and a semi-legendary king of Sweden of the House of Munsö, who would have lived in the late 9th century. One of the few surviving Scandinavian sources that deal with Swedish kings from this time is \"Hervarar saga\". It says:", "title": "Erik Björnsson" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Clarence King, located in the Kings Canyon National Park, is named for Clarence King, who worked on the Whitney Survey, the first geological survey of California. King later became the first chief of the United States Geological Survey.", "title": "Mount Clarence King" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the southern part of the state, in a region known as Aridoamerica, Chichimeca people survived by hunting, gathering, and farming between AD 300 and 1300. The Chichimeca are the ancestors of the Tepehuan people.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several bronze-era states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1500–1200 BC). The Nairi people (12th to 9th centuries BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (1000–600 BC) successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. Each of the aforementioned nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. A large cuneiform lapidary inscription found in Yerevan established that the modern capital of Armenia was founded in the summer of 782 BC by King Argishti I. Yerevan is the world's oldest city to have documented the exact date of its foundation.", "title": "Armenia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varangians, driving them \"back beyond the sea and, refusing them further tribute, set out to govern themselves.\" The tribes had no laws, however, and soon began to make war with one another, prompting them to invite the Varangians back to rule them and bring peace to the region:", "title": "Kievan Rus'" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a \"German\" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northwest Indian War (1785 -- 1795), also known as the Ohio War, Little Turtle's War, and by other names, was a war between the United States and a confederation of numerous Native American tribes, with support from the British, for control of the Northwest Territory. It followed centuries of conflict over this territory, first among Native American tribes, and then with the added shifting alliances among the tribes and the European powers of France and Great Britain, and their colonials.", "title": "Northwest Indian War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Morgan Crofton (1826, Dublin, Ireland – 1915, Brighton, England) was an Irish mathematician who contributed to the field of geometric probability theory. He also worked with James Joseph Sylvester and contributed an article on probability to the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Crofton's formula is named in his honour.", "title": "Morgan Crofton" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 640171, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Blanton's >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "fleur - de-lis", "id": 86925, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "what is the #2 saints symbol called" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Lucia is one of the Windward Islands, a group of islands located off the southeast coast of North America. St Lucia's economy relies primarily on the sale of bananas, and the income generated from tourism, with additional input from small-scale manufacturing.", "title": "Economy of Saint Lucia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Surveys show that red is the color most associated with courage. In western countries red is a symbol of martyrs and sacrifice, particularly because of its association with blood. Beginning in the Middle Ages, the Pope and Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church wore red to symbolize the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs. The banner of the Christian soldiers in the First Crusade was a red cross on a white field, the St. George's Cross. According to Christian tradition, Saint George was a Roman soldier who was a member of the guards of the Emperor Diocletian, who refused to renounce his Christian faith and was martyred. The Saint George's Cross became the Flag of England in the 16th century, and now is part of the Union Flag of the United Kingdom, as well as the Flag of the Republic of Georgia.", "title": "Red" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team, the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien -- The Lilies), the Major League Soccer team the Montreal Impact, the sports teams of New Orleans, Louisiana in the NFL, NBA and the Pacific Coast League, the Rugby League team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the NPSL team Detroit City FC. Marc - André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur - de-lis logo on his mask. The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013, Georges St - Pierre, has a tattoo of the fleur - de-lis on his right calf. The IT University of Copenhagen's soccer team ITU F.C. has it in their logo. France used the symbol in the official emblem on the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup", "title": "Fleur-de-lis" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aérodrome Saint-Louis, also called Aérodrome du Bois Gomin or Canadian Transcontinental Airways Airport, was the first airfield of the Quebec City area of Quebec, Canada. It was located in the suburb of Sainte-Foy.", "title": "Aérodrome Saint-Louis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auguste Levêque (1866 in Nivelles, Walloon Brabant – 1921 in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode) is a Belgian painter influenced both by realism and symbolism. Levêque was also a sculptor, poet and art theoretician.", "title": "Auguste Levêque" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KCC Corporation (renamed from Kumkang Korea Chemicals Co., Ltd. on February 25, 2005) is a Korean chemical and auto parts manufacturer, headquartered in Seoul, South Korea.", "title": "KCC Corporation" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St. Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St. Louis. The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group, affiliated with Freemasonry. The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976).", "title": "Billiken" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blanton Winship was born in Macon, Georgia, and graduated from Mercer University in 1889. He received a law degree from the University of Georgia in 1893, where he also played football for one year.", "title": "Blanton Winship" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cannondale Bicycle Corporation is an American division of Canadian conglomerate Dorel Industries that supplies bicycles. It is headquartered in Wilton, Connecticut with manufacturing and assembly facilities in China.", "title": "Cannondale Bicycle Corporation" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marie Fajardo Ragghianti (born June 13, 1942) is an American parole board administrator, famous as the whistleblower who exposed Tennessee Governor Ray Blanton's \"clemency for cash\" scandal in 1977-79.", "title": "Marie Ragghianti" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gruma, S.A.B. de C.V., known as Gruma, is a Mexican multinational corn flour (masa) and tortilla manufacturing company headquartered in San Pedro, near Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. It is the largest corn flour and tortilla manufacturer in the world. Its brand names include Mission Foods (Misión in Mexico), Maseca, and Guerrero.", "title": "Gruma" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed through torrential rain in defiance of a ban by local authorities. Later, they gathered in the city center near the government's headquarters, where speakers demanded resignation of Yefrem Sokolov, the republic's Communist Party leader, and called for the evacuation of half a million people from the contaminated zones.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. As a symbol of the U.S. military, The Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the U.S. Department of Defense.", "title": "The Pentagon" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Blanton's is a brand of bourbon whiskey produced and marketed by the Sazerac Company. It is distilled in Frankfort, Kentucky at the Buffalo Trace Distillery.", "title": "Blanton's" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intrall, or International Truck Alliance, is a Russo-British automotive company with headquarters in London, England, and manufacturing in Poland. At the end of 2003, the company acquired from Intrall Treasury factory of Daewoo Motor Poland in Lublin, then operating from January 2004 to 2007 years, called Intrall Poland. Under the new production in 2005, FSC Lublin and Honker models were produced under the \"Intrall\" brand. In 2006 the company acquired the rights to produce models of trucks of the Czech brand Praga. A brand-new commercial van/truck was developed called the \"Intrall Lubo\".", "title": "Intrall" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horton Park is a small arboretum in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Known primarily for its variety of trees, Horton Park has become a symbol of the Saint Paul Midway community.", "title": "Horton Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed]", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prysmian Group is an Italian multinational corporation headquartered in Milan that manufactures electric power transmission and telecommunications cables and systems. It is the largest manufacturer of cables in the world measured by revenues.", "title": "Prysmian Group" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aggregate Industries, a member of LafargeHolcim, is a company based in the United Kingdom with headquarters at Bardon Hill, Coalville, Leicestershire. Aggregate Industries manufactures and supplies a range of heavy building materials, primarily aggregates such as stone, asphalt and concrete, to the construction industry and other business sectors. Aggregate Industries also manufactures and imports cement, and provides a range of aggregate-associated goods and services, these include the manufacture of masonry and reconstructed stone items for construction industry and domestic applications, the manufacture of pre-cast concrete items, the supply of ready mixed concrete, design and project management consulting, and resurfacing contracting services.", "title": "Aggregate Industries" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" } ]

[ "Fleur-de-lis", "fleur-de-lis" ]

[ { "answer": "Stanton Moore", "id": 305282, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "III >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 282081, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "December 14, 1814", "id": 73772, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "when did the battle of #2 start" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794.", "title": "Jesse Bennett" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Russell Lowell III (January 2, 1835 – October 20, 1864) was a railroad executive, foundryman, and General in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Cedar Creek and was mourned by a number of leading generals.", "title": "Charles Russell Lowell" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "III is Stanton Moore's third studio solo album released 2006. As each of Moore's solo albums have had unique character, \"III\" features keyboardist Robert Walter and guitarist Will Bernard for a 1970s-like soul funk with a \"sense of authenticity\" as \"artists who live it.\"", "title": "III (Stanton Moore album)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Abbeville took place from 27 May to 4 June 1940, near Abbeville during the Battle of France in the Second World War. On 20 May, the 2nd Panzer Division advanced to Abbeville on the English Channel, overran the 25th Infantry Brigade of the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division and captured the town at Only a few British survivors managed to retreat to the south bank of the Somme and at on 21 May, the III Battalion, Rifle Regiment 2 reached the coast, west of Noyelles-sur-Mer.", "title": "Battle of Abbeville" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst (13 October 1679 – 11 October 1740) was, by birth, a Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst and, by marriage, a Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. She was the maternal grandmother of George III of the United Kingdom.", "title": "Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fighting between separatist forces affiliated with the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), and Ukrainian military and volunteer forces broke out at Donetsk International Airport on 28 September 2014, sparking the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport, a part of the ongoing war in the Donbass region of Ukraine. This followed an earlier battle over control of the airport in May 2014, which left it in Ukrainian hands. The new battle was sparked despite a ceasefire agreement, the Minsk Protocol, that had been in place from 5 September. At the start of the battle, the airport was the last part of Donetsk city held by government forces, and it lies between the separatist and Ukrainian lines of control. Heavy fighting over the airport continued into the new year, with some of the worst fighting having taken place in January 2015. On 21 January, DPR forces overran the government's positions at the airport. The remaining Ukrainian forces were either killed, forced to retreat, or captured.", "title": "Second Battle of Donetsk Airport" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La naissance d'Osiris, ou La fête Pamilie (\"The Birth of Osiris, or The Festival of Pamylia\") is a one-act opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, first performed on 12 October 1754 at Fontainebleau to celebrate the birth of the future King Louis XVI. The libretto is by Rameau's frequent collaborator Louis de Cahusac. Cahusac styled the work a \"ballet allégorique\" (\"allegorical ballet\"), but it is usually categorised as an \"acte de ballet\". Its slender plot tells of Jupiter's announcement to a group of Egyptian shepherds of the birth of the god Osiris, who symbolises the baby prince. The piece may have started life as part of a larger work, \"Les beaux jours de l'Amour\", an \"opéra-ballet\" Rameau and Cahusac planned but never completed for reasons which are still uncertain.", "title": "La naissance d'Osiris" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Korytsa was fought during the Greco-Italian War of 1940–41 in the town of Korçë (Greek: \"Korytsa\") in southern Albania between the defending Italian 9th Army and the attacking Greek III Army Corps.", "title": "Battle of Korytsa" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Flyin' the Koop is the second solo album by New Orleans drummer Stanton Moore. The album includes funk, rock and jazz. Moore's line-up for \"Flyin' the Koop\" is in part a combination of musicians with whom he played at a \"SuperJam\" at Tipitina's during Jazz Fest 2000.", "title": "Flyin' the Koop" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Sempach was fought on 9 July 1386, between Leopold III, Duke of Austria and the Old Swiss Confederacy. The battle was a decisive Swiss victory in which Duke Leopold and numerous Austrian nobles died. The victory helped turn the loosely allied Swiss Confederation into a more unified nation and is seen as a turning point in the growth of Switzerland.", "title": "Battle of Sempach" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fundamental Rights are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed, or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These provisions, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts, but the principles on which they are based are fundamental guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing policies and passing laws.", "title": "Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Magenta was fought on 4 June 1859 during the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in a French-Sardinian victory under Napoleon III against the Austrians under Marshal Ferencz Gyulai.", "title": "Battle of Magenta" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Preveza was a naval battle that took place on 28 September 1538 near Preveza in northwestern Greece between an Ottoman fleet and that of a Christian alliance assembled by Pope Paul III in which the Ottoman fleet defeated the allies. It occurred in the same area in the Ionian Sea as the Battle of Actium, 31 BC. It was one of the three largest sea battles that took place in the sixteenth century Mediterranean.", "title": "Battle of Preveza" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Aspromonte, also known as The Day of Aspromonte (in Italian: \"La Giornata dell'Aspromonte\"), was a battle that took place on 29 August 1862, and was an inconclusive episode of the Italian unification process. The battle is named after the mountain Aspromonte in southern Italy, which is near the place where the battle occurred. In the battle, the Royal Italian Army defeated Giuseppe Garibaldi's army of volunteers, who were marching from Sicily towards Rome, with the intent of annexing it into the Kingdom of Italy. In the battle, which took place a few kilometers from Gambarie, Garibaldi was wounded and taken as prisoner.", "title": "Battle of Aspromonte" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Atapuerca was fought on 1 September 1054 at the site of Piedrahita (\"standing stone\") in the valley of Atapuerca between two brothers, King García Sánchez III of Navarre and King Ferdinand I of Castile.", "title": "Battle of Atapuerca" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Contreras, also known as the Battle of Padierna, took place on 19–20 August 1847, in the final encounters of the Mexican–American War. In the Battle of Churubusco, fighting continued the following day.", "title": "Battle of Contreras" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry engagement in Western Europe. The battle soon erupted, and III Corps was shattered by incessant cavalry charges, losing over half its soldiers. The German Official History recorded 15,780 casualties and French casualties of 13,761 men.", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many major events caused Europe to change around the start of the 16th century, starting with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the fall of Muslim Spain and the discovery of the Americas in 1492, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation in 1517. In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor period with the victory of Henry VII over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. Early modern European history is usually seen to span from the start of the 15th century, through the Age of Reason and the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought between December 14, 1814 and January 18, 1815, constituting the last major battle of the War of 1812. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented a much larger British force, commanded by Admiral Alexander Cochrane and General Edward Pakenham, from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.", "title": "Battle of New Orleans" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Allen Toussaint", "id": 768500, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Toussaint >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 730460, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "General Edward Pakenham", "id": 78782, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "british general in the battle of #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Toussaint is a 1971 solo funk, jazz and soul album by Allen Toussaint, his second solo album and his first since the 1950s.", "title": "Toussaint (album)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781. The combatants were a British fleet led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves and a French fleet led by Rear Admiral Francois Joseph Paul, the Comte de Grasse. The battle was strategically decisive, in that it prevented the Royal Navy from reinforcing or evacuating the forces of Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. The French were able to achieve control of the sea lanes against the British, allowing them to provide the Franco - American army with siege artillery and French reinforcements -- all of which proved decisive in the Siege of Yorktown, effectively securing independence for the Thirteen Colonies.", "title": "Battle of the Chesapeake" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Porto Praya was a naval battle that took place during the American Revolutionary War on 16 April 1781 between a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone and a French squadron under the Bailli de Suffren.", "title": "Battle of Porto Praya" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Balanjar was a battle that took place during the First Khazar-Arab War between the armies of the Khazar Khaganate and the Caliphate, whose commanding general was Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah.", "title": "Battle of Balanjar (650s)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The battle was a tactical victory for the British, but it proved to be a sobering experience for them, involving many more casualties than the Americans had incurred, including a large number of officers. The battle had demonstrated that inexperienced militia were able to stand up to regular army troops in battle. Subsequently, the battle discouraged the British from any further frontal attacks against well defended front lines. American casualties were comparatively much fewer, although their losses included General Joseph Warren and Major Andrew McClary, the final casualty of the battle.", "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Bay of Biscay was a naval action that took place on 28 December 1943 during World War II as part of the Atlantic campaign. The battle took place in the Bay of Biscay between two light cruisers of the British Royal Navy, and a destroyer and a torpedo boat flotilla of the German Kriegsmarine hoping to intercept and escort a blockade runner. The battle was fought as part of the Allied Operation Stonewall which was to intercept German blockade runners off the west coast of France. In the confused action that followed the two British cruisers HMS \"Enterprise\" and HMS \"Glasgow\" respectively sank \"T26\", together with her sister ship \"T25\" and the destroyer \"Z27\".", "title": "Battle of the Bay of Biscay" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Alto de los Godos was a battle that took place on 25 May 1813 in Maturín, Venezuela, in the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada. It resulted in a patriot victory against the forces of Spanish general Domingo de Monteverde.", "title": "Battle of Alto de los Godos" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Beauport, also known as the Battle of Montmorency, fought on 31 July 1759, was an important confrontation between the British and French Armed Forces during the Seven Years' War (also known as the French and Indian War and the War of Conquest) of the French province of Canada. The attack conducted by the British against the French defense line of Beauport, some east of Quebec was checked, and the British soldiers of General James Wolfe retreated with 443 casualties and losses.", "title": "Battle of Beauport" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dunkirk was a military operation that took place in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War. The battle was fought between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940.", "title": "Battle of Dunkirk" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Alexandria or Battle of Canope, fought on 21 March 1801 between the French army under General Menou and the British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercromby, took place near the ruins of Nicopolis, on the narrow spit of land between the sea and Lake Abukir, along which the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria after the actions of Abukir on 8 March and Mandora on 13 March.", "title": "Battle of Alexandria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Monongahela (also known as the Battle of Braddock's Field and the Battle of the Wilderness) took place on 9 July 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, at Braddock's Field in what is now Braddock, Pennsylvania, east of Pittsburgh. A British force under General Edward Braddock, moving to take Fort Duquesne, was defeated by a force of French and Canadian troops under Captain Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu with its American Indian allies.", "title": "Battle of the Monongahela" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought between December 14, 1814 and January 18, 1815, constituting the last major battle of the War of 1812. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented a much larger British force, commanded by Admiral Alexander Cochrane and General Edward Pakenham, from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.", "title": "Battle of New Orleans" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Jargeau took place on 11–12 June 1429. It was Joan of Arc's first offensive battle. Shortly after relieving the siege at Orléans, French forces recaptured the neighbouring district along the Loire river. This campaign was the first sustained French offensive in a generation in the Hundred Years' War.", "title": "Battle of Jargeau" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The battle was a tactical, though somewhat Pyrrhic victory for the British, as it proved to be a sobering experience for them, involving many more casualties than the Americans had incurred, including a large number of officers. The battle had demonstrated that inexperienced militia were able to stand up to regular army troops in battle. Subsequently, the battle discouraged the British from any further frontal attacks against well defended front lines. American casualties were comparatively much fewer, although their losses included General Joseph Warren and Major Andrew McClary, the final casualty of the battle.", "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), or Battle of Dominica, was an important naval battle in the Caribbean between the British and the French that took place 9 April 1782 – 12 April 1782, during the American Revolutionary War. The British fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney defeated a French fleet under the Comte de Grasse, forcing the French and Spanish to abandon a planned invasion of Jamaica.", "title": "Battle of the Saintes" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major-General Andrew Gilbert Wauchope (5 July 1846 – 11 December 1899) was a British Army officer, killed commanding a brigade at the Battle of Magersfontein in the South African War.", "title": "Andrew Wauchope" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Long Island is also known as the Battle of Brooklyn and the Battle of Brooklyn Heights. It was fought on August 27, 1776 and was the first major battle of the American Revolutionary War to take place after the United States declared its independence on July 4, 1776. It was a victory for the British Army and the beginning of a successful campaign that gave them control of the strategically important city of New York. In terms of troop deployment and fighting, it was the largest battle of the entire war.", "title": "Battle of Long Island" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Marshall Estus Sehorn (June 25, 1934 – December 5, 2006) was an American A&R man, songwriter, music publisher and entrepreneur who played an important role in the development of R&B and popular music in New Orleans between the 1950s and 1970s, particularly as the business partner of record producer Allen Toussaint.", "title": "Marshall Sehorn" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major-General George Glas Sandeman Carey (1867-1948) an officer in the British Army who, during World War I, prevented a breakthrough of the German forces to Amiens in the Second Battle of the Somme in 1918 by assembling a scratch force of British and American troops.", "title": "George Glas Sandeman Carey" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The culmination of a three - month siege by the British, the battle lasted about an hour. British troops commanded by General James Wolfe successfully resisted the column advance of French troops and Canadien militia under General Louis - Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm, employing new tactics that proved extremely effective against standard military formations used in most large European conflicts. Both generals were mortally wounded during the battle; Wolfe received three gunshot wounds that ended his life within minutes of the beginning of the engagement and Montcalm died the next morning after receiving a musket ball wound just below his ribs. In the wake of the battle, the French evacuated the city; their remaining military force in Canada and the rest of North America came under increasing pressure from British forces.", "title": "Battle of the Plains of Abraham" } ]

[ "Edward Pakenham" ]

[ { "answer": "Ernie K-Doe", "id": 398232, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Mother-in-Law >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 326948, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "General Edward Pakenham", "id": 78782, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "british general in the battle of #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christmas is observed on 25 December each year to commemorate the birth of Jesus. In Australia, it was introduced with British settlement in 1788 as the cultural norms were transferred to the new colonies. Though a Christian religious festival, it does not breach the constitution's separation of Church and State provision, because it is declared under State law, which is not subject to the provision.", "title": "Public holidays in Australia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After Derek's death, Meredith returns to Grey Sloan Memorial to inform the others of his passing. Following the funeral service, Meredith impulsively packs up her belongings and leaves with the children to San Diego. Months pass by while her friends and family are unaware of her whereabouts. Eventually, parallels show similarities in Meredith's and Ellis' lives: Both have lost the love of their life, both run away from Seattle following their loss, and both eventually give birth to a daughter. Meredith names her newborn daughter after her mother. Although still grieving over Derek, Meredith returns to Seattle with the children and later becomes chief of general surgery. She sells the ``dream house ''and moves back to her mother's house, having purchased it back from Alex, and now lives there with Maggie and Amelia Shepherd, her sister - in - law.", "title": "Meredith Grey" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Beauport, also known as the Battle of Montmorency, fought on 31 July 1759, was an important confrontation between the British and French Armed Forces during the Seven Years' War (also known as the French and Indian War and the War of Conquest) of the French province of Canada. The attack conducted by the British against the French defense line of Beauport, some east of Quebec was checked, and the British soldiers of General James Wolfe retreated with 443 casualties and losses.", "title": "Battle of Beauport" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), or Battle of Dominica, was an important naval battle in the Caribbean between the British and the French that took place 9 April 1782 – 12 April 1782, during the American Revolutionary War. The British fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney defeated a French fleet under the Comte de Grasse, forcing the French and Spanish to abandon a planned invasion of Jamaica.", "title": "Battle of the Saintes" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The battle was a tactical, though somewhat Pyrrhic victory for the British, as it proved to be a sobering experience for them, involving many more casualties than the Americans had incurred, including a large number of officers. The battle had demonstrated that inexperienced militia were able to stand up to regular army troops in battle. Subsequently, the battle discouraged the British from any further frontal attacks against well defended front lines. American casualties were comparatively much fewer, although their losses included General Joseph Warren and Major Andrew McClary, the final casualty of the battle.", "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Monongahela (also known as the Battle of Braddock's Field and the Battle of the Wilderness) took place on 9 July 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, at Braddock's Field in what is now Braddock, Pennsylvania, east of Pittsburgh. A British force under General Edward Braddock, moving to take Fort Duquesne, was defeated by a force of French and Canadian troops under Captain Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu with its American Indian allies.", "title": "Battle of the Monongahela" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "substantial degree of cervical effacement and more rapid cervical dilatation from 5 cm until full dilatation for first and subsequent labours. In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. This was done in an effort to increase the rates of vaginal delivery.Health care providers may assess a labouring mother's progress in labour by performing a cervical exam to evaluate the cervical dilation, effacement, and station. These factors form the Bishop score. The Bishop score can also be used as a means to predict the success of an induction of labour.", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The battle was a tactical victory for the British, but it proved to be a sobering experience for them, involving many more casualties than the Americans had incurred, including a large number of officers. The battle had demonstrated that inexperienced militia were able to stand up to regular army troops in battle. Subsequently, the battle discouraged the British from any further frontal attacks against well defended front lines. American casualties were comparatively much fewer, although their losses included General Joseph Warren and Major Andrew McClary, the final casualty of the battle.", "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought between December 14, 1814 and January 18, 1815, constituting the last major battle of the War of 1812. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented a much larger British force, commanded by Admiral Alexander Cochrane and General Edward Pakenham, from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.", "title": "Battle of New Orleans" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Mother-in-Law\" is a 1961 song recorded by Ernie K-Doe. It was a number-one hit in the U.S. on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. The song was written and produced by Allen Toussaint, who also played the piano solo. It was issued by Minit Records.", "title": "Mother-in-Law (song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Panos Kolokotronis () was the eldest son of the Greek General Theodoros Kolokotronis and his mother was Aikaterini Karousou (). He was born on the island of Zakynthos in 1800, while his father was serving there as a Major in the British Infantry. He fought along with his father in the Greek War of Independence and distinguished himself in many battles.", "title": "Panos Kolokotronis" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.", "title": "Mother-in-Law Lounge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Porto Praya was a naval battle that took place during the American Revolutionary War on 16 April 1781 between a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone and a French squadron under the Bailli de Suffren.", "title": "Battle of Porto Praya" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Bay of Biscay was a naval action that took place on 28 December 1943 during World War II as part of the Atlantic campaign. The battle took place in the Bay of Biscay between two light cruisers of the British Royal Navy, and a destroyer and a torpedo boat flotilla of the German Kriegsmarine hoping to intercept and escort a blockade runner. The battle was fought as part of the Allied Operation Stonewall which was to intercept German blockade runners off the west coast of France. In the confused action that followed the two British cruisers HMS \"Enterprise\" and HMS \"Glasgow\" respectively sank \"T26\", together with her sister ship \"T25\" and the destroyer \"Z27\".", "title": "Battle of the Bay of Biscay" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Alexandria or Battle of Canope, fought on 21 March 1801 between the French army under General Menou and the British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercromby, took place near the ruins of Nicopolis, on the narrow spit of land between the sea and Lake Abukir, along which the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria after the actions of Abukir on 8 March and Mandora on 13 March.", "title": "Battle of Alexandria" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ofra Haza as Yocheved, the mother of Miriam and Aaron and birth mother of Moses. She also sang her character's number, ``Deliver Us '', in seventeen other languages for the film's dubbing)", "title": "The Prince of Egypt" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dunkirk was a military operation that took place in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War. The battle was fought between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940.", "title": "Battle of Dunkirk" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "title": "British nationality law" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Balanjar was a battle that took place during the First Khazar-Arab War between the armies of the Khazar Khaganate and the Caliphate, whose commanding general was Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah.", "title": "Battle of Balanjar (650s)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Alto de los Godos was a battle that took place on 25 May 1813 in Maturín, Venezuela, in the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada. It resulted in a patriot victory against the forces of Spanish general Domingo de Monteverde.", "title": "Battle of Alto de los Godos" } ]

[ "Edward Pakenham" ]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 823336, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Ten High >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "fleur - de-lis", "id": 86925, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "what is the #2 saints symbol called" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taylorville is an unincorporated community in Cardston County, Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 501 ten miles southeast of Cardston. The first school opened May 17, 1900 and then later served as a chapel for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).", "title": "Taylorville, Alberta" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horton Park is a small arboretum in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Known primarily for its variety of trees, Horton Park has become a symbol of the Saint Paul Midway community.", "title": "Horton Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ten High is a brand of American whiskey first introduced in the 1930s by Hiram Walker & Sons, now produced by the Barton Brands division of the Sazerac Company. The name \"Ten High\" refers to a barrel storage location at least ten ricks high, as barrels in the upper part of the aging warehouse mature faster. Although the brand name evoked this storage method, the manufacturer did not actually promise that the brand was from barrels aged in such locations.", "title": "Ten High" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schlage (pronounced ) is a lock manufacturer founded in 1920 by Walter Schlage. Schlage was headquartered in San Francisco from its inception until it relocated to Colorado Springs, Colorado in 1997. Schlage also produces high-security key and cylinder lines, Primus, Everest, and Everest Primus XP. Schlage is one of the most popular brands of consumer and commercial locks in the United States.", "title": "Schlage" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St. Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St. Louis. The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group, affiliated with Freemasonry. The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976).", "title": "Billiken" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Vancouver High School, known as FVHS, is a public high school located in Vancouver, Washington. It is named after Fort Vancouver, an early trading outpost (now restored and located near the banks of the Columbia River, a few miles from where the school is located). The FVHS symbol is the Trapper, in reference to the fur trade in the early 19th century by such groups as Hudson's Bay Company \"voyageurs.\"", "title": "Fort Vancouver High School" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where over 3,000 staff are involved in manufacturing, R&D and customer support. Logitech and EMC Corporation are also important IT employers in the area. Three hospitals are also among the top ten employers in the city (see table below).", "title": "Cork (city)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auguste Levêque (1866 in Nivelles, Walloon Brabant – 1921 in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode) is a Belgian painter influenced both by realism and symbolism. Levêque was also a sculptor, poet and art theoretician.", "title": "Auguste Levêque" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avani is a small village in Mulabaagilu taluk, Kolara district in Karnataka, India, about ten miles from Kolar Gold Fields. The village is located at 32 km from Kolara, the district centre and 13 km from Mulabaagilu, the Taluk headquarters. It is a popular location for rock climbing.", "title": "Avani, Kolar" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company's headquarters are located in Cedar City, Utah and its products are sold mainly through US and international dealers. They specialize in APCP mid and high power rocket motors, as well as supplying rocket kits designed around their motors.", "title": "Aerotech Consumer Aerospace" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "High tech companies have located in the area since the 1930s, when International Radio Corporation introduced the first mass-produced AC/DC radio (the Kadette, in 1931) as well as the first pocket radio (the Kadette Jr., in 1933). The Argus camera company, originally a subsidiary of International Radio, manufactured cameras in Ann Arbor from 1936 to the 1960s. Current firms include Arbor Networks (provider of Internet traffic engineering and security systems), Arbortext (provider of XML-based publishing software), JSTOR (the digital scholarly journal archive), MediaSpan (provider of software and online services for the media industries), Truven Health Analytics, and ProQuest, which includes UMI. Ann Arbor Terminals manufactured a video-display terminal called the Ann Arbor Ambassador during the 1980s. Barracuda Networks, which provides networking, security, and storage products based on network appliances and cloud services, opened an engineering office in Ann Arbor in 2008 on Depot St. and recently announced it will move downtown to occupy the building previously used as the Borders headquarters.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boiron () is a manufacturer of homeopathic products, headquartered in France and with an operating presence in 59 countries worldwide. It is the largest manufacturer of homeopathic products in the world. In 2004, it employed a workforce of 2,779 and had a turnover of € 313 million. It is currently a member of the CAC Small 90 stock index.", "title": "Boiron" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aérodrome Saint-Louis, also called Aérodrome du Bois Gomin or Canadian Transcontinental Airways Airport, was the first airfield of the Quebec City area of Quebec, Canada. It was located in the suburb of Sainte-Foy.", "title": "Aérodrome Saint-Louis" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The team's motto is 'Plus Altus', meaning \"something higher\" a reference both to the team's aspirations as well as to the team's high altitude home. (The City of La Paz is located at an elevation of 3,600 meters above sea level and is the highest capital in the world.) The team colors are blue, red and white. Blue symbolizes the perennial cobalt skies over the City of La Paz and the loyalty of its fans; red symbolizes the passion and love of football; and white symbolizes the snow cap of Mt. Illimani (the symbol of the City of La Paz) and the purity of Our Lady of Peace, patroness of the team. The uniform design is similar to that of Barcelona F.C. (Spain). La Paz F.C. plays its home matches at Estadio Hernando Siles.", "title": "La Paz F.C." }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Open Hand Monument is a symbolic structure designed by the architect Le Corbusier and located in the Capitol Complex of the Indian city and union territory of Chandigarh. It is the emblem or symbol of the Government of Chandigarh and symbolizes \"the hand to give and the hand to take; peace and prosperity, and the unity of mankind\". The largest example of Le Corbusier's many \"Open Hand\" sculptures, it stands high. The metal structure with vanes is high, weighs , and was designed to rotate in the wind.", "title": "Open Hand Monument" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. As a symbol of the U.S. military, The Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the U.S. Department of Defense.", "title": "The Pentagon" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt's Gate, in the Longwood district. The 680-metre (2,230 ft) high hill there is named for him and is called Halley's Mount.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intrall, or International Truck Alliance, is a Russo-British automotive company with headquarters in London, England, and manufacturing in Poland. At the end of 2003, the company acquired from Intrall Treasury factory of Daewoo Motor Poland in Lublin, then operating from January 2004 to 2007 years, called Intrall Poland. Under the new production in 2005, FSC Lublin and Honker models were produced under the \"Intrall\" brand. In 2006 the company acquired the rights to produce models of trucks of the Czech brand Praga. A brand-new commercial van/truck was developed called the \"Intrall Lubo\".", "title": "Intrall" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team, the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien -- The Lilies), the Major League Soccer team the Montreal Impact, the sports teams of New Orleans, Louisiana in the NFL, NBA and the Pacific Coast League, the Rugby League team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the NPSL team Detroit City FC. Marc - André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur - de-lis logo on his mask. The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013, Georges St - Pierre, has a tattoo of the fleur - de-lis on his right calf. The IT University of Copenhagen's soccer team ITU F.C. has it in their logo. France used the symbol in the official emblem on the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup", "title": "Fleur-de-lis" } ]

[ "Fleur-de-lis", "fleur-de-lis" ]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 390673, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Kentucky Tavern >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "fleur - de-lis", "id": 86925, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "what is the #2 saints symbol called" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tyrone Generating Station was a coal-fired power plant owned and operated by Kentucky Utilities near Versailles, Kentucky. It is located 15 miles west of Lexington, Kentucky. It was retired in 2016.", "title": "Tyrone Generating Station" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prysmian Group is an Italian multinational corporation headquartered in Milan that manufactures electric power transmission and telecommunications cables and systems. It is the largest manufacturer of cables in the world measured by revenues.", "title": "Prysmian Group" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. As a symbol of the U.S. military, The Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the U.S. Department of Defense.", "title": "The Pentagon" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team, the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien -- The Lilies), the Major League Soccer team the Montreal Impact, the sports teams of New Orleans, Louisiana in the NFL, NBA and the Pacific Coast League, the Rugby League team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the NPSL team Detroit City FC. Marc - André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur - de-lis logo on his mask. The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013, Georges St - Pierre, has a tattoo of the fleur - de-lis on his right calf. The IT University of Copenhagen's soccer team ITU F.C. has it in their logo. France used the symbol in the official emblem on the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup", "title": "Fleur-de-lis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roff is an unincorporated community in Breckinridge County, Kentucky, United States. Roff is located on Kentucky Route 79, south-southeast of Hardinsburg.", "title": "Roff, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pine Mountain State Resort Park is a Kentucky state park located in Bell County, Kentucky, United States. The park opened in 1924 as Kentucky's first state park. Each spring, the park hosts the annual Kentucky Mountain Laurel Festival, as it has since 1933. A portion of the park is also a legally dedicated nature preserve by the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves.", "title": "Pine Mountain State Resort Park" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mattingly is an unincorporated community in Breckinridge County, Kentucky, United States. Mattingly is located on Kentucky Route 992, west of Hardinsburg.", "title": "Mattingly, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Portsmouth is an unincorporated community in Greenup County, Kentucky, United States. South Portsmouth is located on the Ohio River across from Portsmouth, Ohio and west of South Shore, Kentucky. Kentucky Route 8 passes through the community.", "title": "South Portsmouth, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kentucky Tavern is a brand of straight bourbon whiskey produced by the Sazerac Company at the Barton Distillery located in Bardstown, Kentucky, who acquired the brand from United Distillers in 1995. The brand was originally produced and owned by the R. Monarch Distillery (RD #24, 2nd Dist.) of Owensboro, Kentucky, which entered bankruptcy in 1898 and was purchased by James Thompson in 1901 who renamed the company Glenmore Distillery Company with locations in Owensboro and Louisville, Kentucky. In 1903 The Kentucky Tavern trademark was first registered. Glenmore proved a successful and durable company, its main brand being Kentucky Tavern. It is usually produced as an 80 proof liquor, although a 100 proof is also available.", "title": "Kentucky Tavern" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Howardstown, Kentucky is an unincorporated community located on the Rolling Fork River in the southern portion of Nelson County, Kentucky, United States.", "title": "Howardstown, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boiron () is a manufacturer of homeopathic products, headquartered in France and with an operating presence in 59 countries worldwide. It is the largest manufacturer of homeopathic products in the world. In 2004, it employed a workforce of 2,779 and had a turnover of € 313 million. It is currently a member of the CAC Small 90 stock index.", "title": "Boiron" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jefferson Memorial Forest is a forest located in southwest Louisville, Kentucky, in the Knobs region of Kentucky. At , it is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States.", "title": "Jefferson Memorial Forest" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auguste Levêque (1866 in Nivelles, Walloon Brabant – 1921 in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode) is a Belgian painter influenced both by realism and symbolism. Levêque was also a sculptor, poet and art theoretician.", "title": "Auguste Levêque" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aérodrome Saint-Louis, also called Aérodrome du Bois Gomin or Canadian Transcontinental Airways Airport, was the first airfield of the Quebec City area of Quebec, Canada. It was located in the suburb of Sainte-Foy.", "title": "Aérodrome Saint-Louis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horton Park is a small arboretum in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Known primarily for its variety of trees, Horton Park has become a symbol of the Saint Paul Midway community.", "title": "Horton Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Potter's Tavern is located in Bridgeton, Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1775 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1971.", "title": "Potter's Tavern" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cannondale Bicycle Corporation is an American division of Canadian conglomerate Dorel Industries that supplies bicycles. It is headquartered in Wilton, Connecticut with manufacturing and assembly facilities in China.", "title": "Cannondale Bicycle Corporation" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Houchens Industries is an American employee-owned company, in business since 1918 when it began as a small grocery operated by founder Ervin Houchens in rural Barren County, Kentucky. The company is headquartered in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The company runs about 425 grocery and convenience stores. Sales in 2006 were just under $2 billion, with approximately 10,500 employees.", "title": "Houchens Industries" } ]

[ "Fleur-de-lis", "fleur-de-lis" ]

[ { "answer": "Ernie K-Doe", "id": 398232, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Mother-in-Law >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 326948, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "1884,", "id": 59893, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "when were the monuments in #2 built" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Friedrich August Bloedner was a German-born carpenter from Cincinnati, who served with the 32nd Regiment Indiana Infantry during the American Civil War. He built the 32nd Indiana Monument.", "title": "August Bloedner" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 'Tell Monument' () is a memorial to William Tell in the market place of Altdorf, Canton of Uri, Switzerland.", "title": "Tell Monument" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Mother-in-Law\" is a 1961 song recorded by Ernie K-Doe. It was a number-one hit in the U.S. on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. The song was written and produced by Allen Toussaint, who also played the piano solo. It was issued by Minit Records.", "title": "Mother-in-Law (song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isabel Roberts House is a classic 1908 Prairie House from the studio of Frank Lloyd Wright located at 603 Edgewood Place in River Forest, Illinois It was built for Isabel Roberts and her widowed mother, Mary Roberts.", "title": "Isabel Roberts House" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chișinău Water Tower is an architectural monument of Chișinău, Moldova, located at 2 Mitropolit Bănulescu-Bodoni Street and built at the end of 19th century after a project by Alexander Bernadazzi. It was a main part of Chişinău's water system. The upper level was built of wood and was destroyed by an earthquake. It was rebuilt between 1980 and 1983.", "title": "Chișinău Water Tower" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.", "title": "Mother-in-Law Lounge" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Holy Transfiguration Church () is an orthodox church in Gjirokastër, Albania. The church was built in 1784. It is a Cultural Monument of Albania since 1963.", "title": "Holy Transfiguration Church, Gjirokastër" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Father Cícero on the Garden's hill is a monument built in homage to Father Cícero, located in Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil. The total height of the statue plus the pedestal is 27m.", "title": "Statue of Father Cícero" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fundamental Rights are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed, or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These provisions, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts, but the principles on which they are based are fundamental guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing policies and passing laws.", "title": "Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history.", "title": "Yang Meng" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monument to the Unknown Hero ( / Spomenik Neznanom junaku) is a World War I memorial located atop Mount Avala, south-east of Belgrade, Serbia, and designed by the sculptor Ivan Meštrović. Memorial was built in 1934-1938 on the place where an unknown Serbian World War I soldier was buried. It is similar to many other tombs of the unknown soldier built by the allies after the war. The Žrnov fortress was previously located on the same place.", "title": "Monument to the Unknown Hero" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The monument was dedicated in 1884, at Tivoli Circle (since commonly called Lee Circle) on St. Charles Avenue. Dignitaries present at the dedication on February 22 -- George Washington's birthday -- included former Confederate President Jefferson Davis, two daughters of General Lee, and Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard. Efforts raise funds to build the statue began after Lee's death in 1870 by the Robert E. Lee Monument Association, which by 1876 had raised the $36,400 needed. The association's president was Louisiana Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Fenner. New York sculptor Alexander Doyle was hired to sculpt the statue, which was installed in 1884. Base and pedestal designed and built by John Ray (Roy), architect; contract dated 1877. Cost $26,474. John Hagan, a builder, was contracted to ``furnish and set ''the column. Cost $9,350.", "title": "Robert E. Lee Monument (New Orleans, Louisiana)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lincoln Memorial is an American national monument built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. It is located on the western end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., across from the Washington Monument. The architect was Henry Bacon; the designer of the primary statue -- Abraham Lincoln, 1920 -- was Daniel Chester French; the Lincoln statue was carved by the Piccirilli Brothers; and the painter of the interior murals was Jules Guerin. Dedicated in 1922, it is one of several monuments built to honor an American president. It has always been a major tourist attraction and since the 1930s has been a symbolic center focused on race relations.", "title": "Lincoln Memorial" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Collyer Monument is an historic monument to firefighters in Mineral Spring Park, at the corner of Mineral Spring Avenue and Main Street, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, United States. The monument was built in 1890 by the sculptor Charles Parker Dowler to honor Samuel Smith Collyer, a fallen Pawtucket Fire Chief. The life-size bronze sculpture stands atop a pedestal of Westerly granite, which has a bronze plaque depicting the fatal accident while the reverse bears an inscription. The memorial represents a significant example of monumental work of the period and an early example of local civic pride. The monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.", "title": "Collyer Monument" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colosseum Location Regio IV Templum Pacis (``Temple of Peace '') Built in 70 -- 80 AD Built by / for Vespasian, Titus Type of structure Amphitheatre Related List of ancient monuments in Rome The Colosseum", "title": "Colosseum" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gumti Water Fountain is a monument in Faisalabad, Pakistan preserved from the British Raj era. It was built during the early nineteenth century and was a general meeting place of the city folk for local town meetings.", "title": "Gumti Water Fountain" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ofra Haza as Yocheved, the mother of Miriam and Aaron and birth mother of Moses. She also sang her character's number, ``Deliver Us '', in seventeen other languages for the film's dubbing)", "title": "The Prince of Egypt" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "substantial degree of cervical effacement and more rapid cervical dilatation from 5 cm until full dilatation for first and subsequent labours. In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. This was done in an effort to increase the rates of vaginal delivery.Health care providers may assess a labouring mother's progress in labour by performing a cervical exam to evaluate the cervical dilation, effacement, and station. These factors form the Bishop score. The Bishop score can also be used as a means to predict the success of an induction of labour.", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Colonel Crawford Burn Site Monument is a war monument in rural Wyandot County, Ohio, United States. Placed in the 1870s, it commemorates the death by burning of Colonel William Crawford during the concluding years of the American Revolution. The stone monument itself was long the subject of local interest, and it has been named a historic site.", "title": "Col. Crawford Burn Site Monument" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Ernie K-Doe", "id": 765565, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Here Come the Girls >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 326948, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "fleur - de-lis", "id": 86925, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "what is the #2 saints symbol called" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madonna was criticized for her performance of \"Like a Virgin\" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was \"Material Girl\" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1970. It failed to chart at that time.", "title": "Here Come the Girls (song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their positioning within the liturgical sequence effectively places the Theotokos in the most prominent place after Christ. Within the Orthodox tradition, the order of the saints begins with: The Theotokos, Angels, Prophets, Apostles, Fathers, Martyrs, etc. giving the Virgin Mary precedence over the angels. She is also proclaimed as the \"Lady of the Angels\".", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team, the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien -- The Lilies), the Major League Soccer team the Montreal Impact, the sports teams of New Orleans, Louisiana in the NFL, NBA and the Pacific Coast League, the Rugby League team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the NPSL team Detroit City FC. Marc - André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur - de-lis logo on his mask. The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013, Georges St - Pierre, has a tattoo of the fleur - de-lis on his right calf. The IT University of Copenhagen's soccer team ITU F.C. has it in their logo. France used the symbol in the official emblem on the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup", "title": "Fleur-de-lis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Áed mac Diarmato (died 604), called Áed Sláine (Áed of Slane), was the son of Diarmait mac Cerbaill. Legendary stories exist of Áed's birth. Saint Columba is said to have prophesied his death. His descendants, the Síl nÁedo Sláine—the seed of Áed of Slane—were prominent in 7th and early 8th century Ireland.", "title": "Áed Sláine" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For their qualifying song, and their first as a group, at judges' houses, One Direction sang an acoustic version of ``Torn ''. In week 1 of the live shows, they performed`` Viva la Vida'' and were safe for the week. Week 2 was ``Musical Heroes ''and One Direction sang`` My Life Would Suck Without You'', which received positive comments from the judges; Minogue called them ``five heartthrobs ''and praised their performance, Cole called them`` cute'', and Cowell said ``You are the most exciting pop band in the country right now. ''They sang`` Nobody Knows'' in week 3 and ``Total Eclipse of the Heart ''in week 4. In week 4, girl band Belle Amie were eliminated, leaving One Direction as Cowell's last remaining act. They sang`` Kids in America'' in week 5, ``Something About the Way You Look Tonight ''in week 6, and`` All You Need Is Love'' in week 7. They were safe each week, never once being in the bottom two. For weeks 8 and 9, they performed ``Summer of 69 ''and`` You Are So Beautiful'' in week 8 and ``Only Girl (in the World) ''and`` Chasing Cars'' in week 9. They were safe both times, making it to the final live show, being the first ever manufactured group to do so. In week 10, they performed ``Your Song ''. After performing`` Torn'' in the final, One Direction finished in third place behind runner - up Rebecca Ferguson and winner Matt Cardle.", "title": "The X Factor (British series 7)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Governor's Cup is a yacht race between Cape Town and Saint Helena island, held every two years in December/January; the most recent event was in December 2010. In Jamestown a timed run takes place up Jacob's Ladder every year, with people coming from all over the world to take part.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.", "title": "Mother-in-Law Lounge" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Muslim girl wishes to become a muezzin like her father and to call out the azaan. She steals the fried fish her mother cooks for the men in the house and says that doing so is not morally wrong because Padachon (creator-god) would understand that girls are not given enough food. Her father then censures her, telling her that women should get only half of everything that men have. To this, the girl impishly asks why then women shouldn't wear only half of what men do.Amidst these struggles, she expresses her wish to call out the azaan. Her father answers all her queries by referring to a big book (Kithab), and he locks her away so she would not perform in a play (a play within the play) again. He tells her she will not reach heaven if she continues to do such things.\"If I'd lose entry to heaven because I sing and dance, then I don't want that heaven,\" she says. The father is even ready to kill the girl when she performs at the school play despite his wishes. When her mother reminds him that he is not just the muezzin, but also a father, he allows her to call out the azaan, and the drama ends with the girl calling out the azaan and the rest praying.", "title": "Kithaab" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Garden of Death () (1896) is a painting by Finnish symbolist painter Hugo Simberg. Like many of Simberg's paintings, it depicts a gloomy, otherworldly scene. The central figures are reminiscent of the classic black-clad Grim Reaper, but paradoxically are tending to gardens; traditionally symbols of birth or renewal.", "title": "The Garden of Death" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constructed between 1894 and 1930, the Nativity façade was the first façade to be completed. Dedicated to the birth of Jesus, it is decorated with scenes reminiscent of elements of life. Characteristic of Gaudí's naturalistic style, the sculptures are ornately arranged and decorated with scenes and images from nature, each a symbol in its own manner. For instance, the three porticos are separated by two large columns, and at the base of each lies a turtle or a tortoise (one to represent the land and the other the sea; each are symbols of time as something set in stone and unchangeable). In contrast to the figures of turtles and their symbolism, two chameleons can be found at either side of the façade, and are symbolic of change.", "title": "Sagrada Família" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Celie is a poor, uneducated, 14 - year - old girl living in the American South in the early 1900s. She writes letters to God because her father, Alphonso, beats her harshly and rapes her continuously. Alphonso has already impregnated Celie once, a pregnancy that resulted in the birth of a boy she called Adam. Alphonso takes the baby away shortly after his birth. Celie has a second child, a girl she called Olivia whom Alphonso also abducts. Celie's ailing mother dies after cursing Celie on her deathbed.", "title": "The Color Purple" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auguste Levêque (1866 in Nivelles, Walloon Brabant – 1921 in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode) is a Belgian painter influenced both by realism and symbolism. Levêque was also a sculptor, poet and art theoretician.", "title": "Auguste Levêque" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show's theme was called ``There's a New Girl in Town '', with music by David Shire, lyrics by Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman; performed by Linda Lavin. Several different arrangements of this tune were used throughout the series' run; the lyrics were altered after the second season.", "title": "Alice" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries.", "title": "La Rosiere de Pessac" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bellas are left in disgrace after the incident with no hopes of winning the competition until Stacie calls the girls to inform she has given birth to a baby girl and named her Bella. This motivates the Bellas to just perform their hearts out without trying to win. Back at the USO competition, the Bellas perform tremendously to adoring crowds through different performances, repairing their reputation and chances to win in the process. Fergus is accepted by Amy, who believes he came to one of their performances to see her. He accidentally reveals that he has not seen her perform at all, while confessing that he is only trying to acquire an offshore account Amy's mother set up which contains US $180 million. After Amy shuts out Fergus again, Chicago and Zeke escort her away from her father, who swears revenge on her. Meanwhile, only Beca is asked personally by DJ Khaled to open for him, disregarding the other Bellas. Beca politely declines the offer and leaves to her room. Later, the Bellas are taken away by a Frenchman in a dark grey van out onto a yacht in a nearby harbor. The yacht belongs to Fergus, who is using the Bellas as a means to get Amy to come for him. Amy and Beca hear of the kidnapping and decide to rescue the Bellas. Beca distracts Fergus by having the Bellas perform ``Toxic ''for him and two of his men, just as Amy sets the yacht to explode. The Bellas escape the yacht just before it blows. Fergus survives the explosion and is arrested for his crimes.", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old \"umchwasho\" custom. In \"umchwasho\", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reached a marriageable age, they would perform labour service for the Queen Mother, ending with dancing and feasting. The country was under the chastity rite of \"umchwasho\" until 19 August 2005.", "title": "Eswatini" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horton Park is a small arboretum in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Known primarily for its variety of trees, Horton Park has become a symbol of the Saint Paul Midway community.", "title": "Horton Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foot binding was the custom of applying tight binding to the feet of young girls to modify the shape of their feet. It was practiced in China from the Song dynasty until the early 20th century, and bound feet were considered a status symbol as well as a mark of beauty. Foot binding limited the mobility of women, and resulted in lifelong disabilities for most of its subjects, although some women with bound feet working outdoors have also been reported. Feet altered by binding were called lotus feet.", "title": "Foot binding" } ]

[ "Fleur-de-lis", "fleur-de-lis" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 108833, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who developed The Bacchanal of the Andrians?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bacchanal of the Andrians is an oil painting by Titian. It is signed \".[aciebat]\" and is dated to 1523–1526.", "title": "The Bacchanal of the Andrians" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that there were two billion cases of gastroenteritis that resulted in 1.3 million deaths globally in 2015. Children and those in the developing world are most commonly affected. As of 2011, in those less than five, there were about 1.7 billion cases resulting in 0.7 million deaths, with most of these occurring in the world's poorest nations. More than 450,000 of these fatalities are due to rotavirus in children under 5 years of age. Cholera causes about three to five million cases of disease and kills approximately 100,000 people yearly. In the developing world, children less than two years of age frequently get six or more infections a year that result in significant gastroenteritis. It is less common in adults, partly due to the development of acquired immunity.In 1980, gastroenteritis from all causes caused 4.6 million deaths in children, with the majority occurring in the developing world. Death rates were reduced significantly (to approximately 1.5 million deaths annually) by the year 2000, largely due to the introduction and widespread use of oral rehydration therapy. In the US, infections causing gastroenteritis are the second most common infection (after the common cold), and they result in between 200 and 375 million cases of acute diarrhea and approximately ten thousand deaths annually, with 150 to 300 of these deaths in children less than five years of age.", "title": "Gastroenteritis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many names for pubs that appear nonsensical may have come from corruptions of old slogans or phrases, such as \"The Bag o'Nails\" (Bacchanals), \"The Goat and Compasses\" (God Encompasseth Us), \"The Cat and the Fiddle\" (Chaton Fidèle: Faithful Kitten) and \"The Bull and Bush\", which purportedly celebrates the victory of Henry VIII at \"Boulogne Bouche\" or Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The World Health Organization and the UN Environment Programme estimate that each year, 3 million workers in agriculture in the developing world experience severe poisoning from pesticides, about 18,000 of whom die. Owing to inadequate regulation and safety precautions, 99% of pesticide related deaths occur in developing countries that account for only 25% of pesticide usage. According to one study, as many as 25 million workers in developing countries may suffer mild pesticide poisoning yearly. There are several careers aside from agriculture that may also put individuals at risk of health effects from pesticide exposure including pet groomers, groundskeepers, and fumigators.", "title": "Pesticide" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague.", "title": "Christian Ackermann" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In many countries the rate of suicide is highest in the middle-aged or elderly. The absolute number of suicides however is greatest in those between 15 and 29 years old, due to the number of people in this age group. Worldwide, the average age of suicide is between age 30 and 49 for both men and women. This means that half of people who died by suicide were approximately age 40 or younger, and half were older.In the United States the suicide death rate is greatest in Caucasian men older than 80 years, even though younger people more frequently attempt suicide. It is the second most common cause of death in adolescents and in young males is second only to accidental death. In young males in the developed world, it is the cause of nearly 30% of mortality. In the developing world rates are similar, but it makes up a smaller proportion of overall deaths due to higher rates of death from other types of trauma. In South-East Asia, in contrast to other areas of the world, deaths from suicide occur at a greater rate in young females than elderly females.", "title": "Suicide" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other forms of plague have been implicated by modern scientists. The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30–75% and symptoms including fever of 38–41 °C (100–106 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Left untreated, of those that contract the bubonic plague, 80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent. Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches (purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation). In cases of pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague, the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 109185, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Who is La Schiavona by?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede occurred as crowds departed a New Year's Eve fireworks display in the early hours of 1 January 2013 near the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It resulted in 61 deaths and over 200 injuries, mostly women and children. This was the second time in four years that a fatal stampede occurred at the stadium.", "title": "2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"La La La (Never Give It Up)\" is the debut single by Swedish singer and songwriter September. It was released on 2 June 2003 on Stockholm Records and is featured on September's self-titled debut album, released in 2004. \"La La La (Never Give It Up)\" peaked at #8 on the Swedish single chart. As of December 2007, it is ranked as #653 on Best place of all time on the Swedish charts.", "title": "La La La (Never Give It Up)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620–21, and again in 1654–57, 1665, 1691, and 1740–42. Plague remained a major event in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century. Between 1701 and 1750, thirty-seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople, and an additional thirty-one between 1751 and 1800. Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague, and sometimes two-thirds of its population has been wiped out.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The La Cantuta massacre, in which supposed members of Sendero Luminoso, a university professor and nine students from Lima's La Cantuta University were abducted by a military death squad, took place in Peru on 18 July 1992 during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. The incident occurred two days after the Shining Path's Tarata bombing left over 40 dead in Lima Province.", "title": "La Cantuta massacre" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution (``Revolution Square '', formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. The National Convention had convicted the king (17 January 1792) in a near - unanimous vote (while no one voted`` not guilty'', several deputies abstained) and condemned him to death by a simple majority.", "title": "Execution of Louis XVI" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Lady, also known as La Schiavona (the woman from Dalmatia), is a 1510–12 portrait by Titian of an unknown woman.", "title": "La Schiavona" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations. In 1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death have been taken up by a number of authors, including Samuel K. Cohn, Jr. (2002), David Herlihy (1997), and Susan Scott and Christopher Duncan (2001).", "title": "Black Death" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Allen Toussaint", "id": 768500, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Toussaint >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 730460, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "the city of New Orleans", "id": 70315, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "where did katrina hit the hardest in #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "By August 31, eighty percent (80%) of the city of New Orleans was flooded by Hurricane Katrina, with some parts of the city under 20 feet (6.1 m), of water. Over 50 breaches in region's levee system were catalogued, five of which resulted in massive flooding of New Orleans. The 17th Street Canal levee was just south of the Hammond Highway Bridge. Levees adjacent to London Avenue breached in two locations: one near Robert E. Lee Boulevard and one between Filmore Avenue and Mirabeau Avenue. Two breaches also occurred in the Industrial Canal adjacent to Surekote Road. Levee repair efforts were undertaken, involving reinforcing the levees with 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg) sandbags deployed by U.S. Army Chinook and Black Hawk helicopters. The 17th Street Canal levee repair was completed by September 5, 2005 and subsequently, the three canals were repaired all the way to Lake Pontchartrain. The Army Corps of Engineers added flood gates to the three canals.", "title": "Hurricane Katrina effects by region" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Katrina Category 3 major hurricane (SSHWS / NWS) Hurricane Katrina near peak intensity Formed August 28, 2005 Dissipated August 29, 2005 Highest winds 1 - minute sustained: 125 mph (205 km / h) Lowest pressure 920 mbar (hPa); 27.17 inHg Fatalities Up to 1,464 total Damage $70 billion (2005 USD) Areas affected Greater New Orleans Part of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season", "title": "Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 21, 2015, Freeform announced that it has picked up a fifth season of its hit original drama series Switched at Birth. The fifth season premiered on January 31, 2017. On March 11, 2016, it was confirmed that the ten - episode fifth season would be the last.", "title": "Switched at Birth (season 5)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "News reports indicate that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit. Swaminathan Krishnan, assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology said: \"the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China. Presumably, many of the buildings were just built; they were not designed, so to speak.\" Swaminathan Krishnan further added: \"There are very strong building codes in China, which take care of earthquake issues and seismic design issues. But many of these buildings presumably were quite old and probably were not built with any regulations overseeing them.\"", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bang Bang! is a 2014 Indian action comedy film, directed by Siddharth Anand, written by Abbas Tyrewala and Sujoy Ghosh, and produced by Fox Star Studios. The film is an official remake of the 2010 Hollywood film \"Knight and Day\", and features Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif, in the lead roles performed by Tom Cruise and Cameron Diaz, respectively, in the original. The main antagonist of the film is Danny Denzongpa. The film was distributed and marketed by Fox Star Studios in collaboration with Fox International Productions worldwide.", "title": "Bang Bang!" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In August 2005, Houston became a shelter to more than 150,000 people from New Orleans who evacuated from Hurricane Katrina. One month later, approximately 2.5 million Houston area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast, leaving little damage to the Houston area. This was the largest urban evacuation in the history of the United States. In September 2008, Houston was hit by Hurricane Ike. As many as forty percent refused to leave Galveston Island because they feared the traffic problems that happened after Hurricane Rita.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Marshall Estus Sehorn (June 25, 1934 – December 5, 2006) was an American A&R man, songwriter, music publisher and entrepreneur who played an important role in the development of R&B and popular music in New Orleans between the 1950s and 1970s, particularly as the business partner of record producer Allen Toussaint.", "title": "Marshall Sehorn" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amitabh Bachchan as Khudabaksh Azaad, a commander of the Thugs Aamir Khan as Firangi Mallah, a small - time Thug from Awadh Katrina Kaif as Suraiyya, a dancer and performer Fatima Sana Shaikh as Zafira, a warrior - archer Thug Lloyd Owen as John Clive, a ruthless British East India Company officer Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub Ronit Roy Satyadev Kancharana Abdul Quadir Amin as Azhar Ali", "title": "Thugs of Hindostan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Overboard was released in the United States on May 4, 2018, surpassing analysts predictions by grossing close to $92 million worldwide, against a modest budget of $12 million. The sleeper hit received mixed to negative reviews from critics, who praised Faris's comedic performance, but criticized the mediocre story that did n't add anything new to the original. Overboard was Mexico's fifth highest grossing picture of 2018, and placed 34th on the list of worldwide grosses for the same period.", "title": "Overboard (2018 film)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This Child is the second album by Susan Aglukark, released in 1995. The album was Susan's commercial breakthrough in Canada, spawning chart hits with \"O Siem\" and \"Hina Na Ho (Celebration)\", and making Susan the first Inuk performer ever to have a Top 40 hit.", "title": "This Child" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katrina Kaif (pronounced [kəˈʈriːnaː ˈkɛːf], born Katrina Turquotte, 16 July 1983) is an English actress who works in Hindi films. Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics for her acting prowess, she has established herself in Bollywood and is one of India's highest-paid actresses.", "title": "Katrina Kaif" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madonna was criticized for her performance of \"Like a Virgin\" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was \"Material Girl\" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bright Mississippi is an album by New Orleans Jazz and R&B pianist Allen Toussaint released on Nonesuch Records in 2009.", "title": "The Bright Mississippi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mein Lieber Katrina is a 1914 American silent comedy short starring Charlotte Burton, George Field, Ida Lewis and John Steppling.", "title": "Mein Lieber Katrina" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Commandant Jacques Toussaint François Ortoli was a French Corsican patriot who served France in two World Wars. In World War I, he was a flying ace credited with eleven confirmed aerial victories. He returned to his nation's defense during World War II.", "title": "Jacques Ortoli" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794.", "title": "Jesse Bennett" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Free Ride\" is a song written by Dan Hartman and performed by The Edgar Winter Group. The single, engineered by Jim Reeves, was a top 15 U.S. hit in 1973, hitting number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 10 on \"Cash Box.\" In Canada, it peaked at number eight.", "title": "Free Ride (song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Toussaint is a 1971 solo funk, jazz and soul album by Allen Toussaint, his second solo album and his first since the 1950s.", "title": "Toussaint (album)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Jack & Diane ''is a 1982 hit rock song written and performed by American singer - songwriter John Mellencamp, then performing as`` John Cougar.'' It appears on Mellencamp's album American Fool. It was chosen by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) as one of the Songs of the Century. The single spent four weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982, and, to date, is Mellencamp's most successful hit single.", "title": "Jack & Diane" } ]

[ "New Orleans" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 109196, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Who is Malchiostro Annunciation by?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations. In 1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death have been taken up by a number of authors, including Samuel K. Cohn, Jr. (2002), David Herlihy (1997), and Susan Scott and Christopher Duncan (2001).", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Elazığ earthquake was a 6.1 M earthquake that occurred on 8 March 2010 at 02:32 UTC (04:32 local time). The epicentre was Başyurt in Elazığ Province, in eastern Turkey. Initial reports in global media said as many as 57 people had died. By 10 March, reports in the Turkish media placed the death toll at 41 and later, the death toll rose to 42. Another 74 were injured, many after falling and jumping from buildings. A stampede through the streets led to further injuries.", "title": "2010 Elazığ earthquake" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede occurred as crowds departed a New Year's Eve fireworks display in the early hours of 1 January 2013 near the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It resulted in 61 deaths and over 200 injuries, mostly women and children. This was the second time in four years that a fatal stampede occurred at the stadium.", "title": "2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bartolini Salimbeni Annunciation (Italian: \"Annunciazione Bartolini Salimbeni\") is a painting by the Italian Gothic painter Lorenzo Monaco, completed just before his death (1420–1424) and housed in the Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel of the church of Santa Trinita, Florence, Italy.", "title": "Bartolini Salimbeni Annunciation" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Malchiostro Annunciation is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Titian, completed around 1520, and housed in the Cathedral of Treviso, northern Italy.", "title": "Malchiostro Annunciation" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Triptych of the Annunciation is a 1483 triptych by the Flemish artist known only as the Master of the Legend of Saint Ursula, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts the Annunciation on the central panel, while the surrounding panels and the outside of the wings are covered in various pairs of male saints.", "title": "Triptych of the Annunciation" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague.", "title": "Christian Ackermann" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.", "title": "Black Death" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 109422, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Who is the creator of The Punishment of Tythus?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment has existed in Tennessee at various times since statehood. Before 1913 the method of execution was hanging. From 1913 to 1915 there was a hiatus on executions but they were reinstated in 1916 when electrocution became the new method. From 1972 to 1978, after the Supreme Court ruled (Furman v. Georgia) capital punishment unconstitutional, there were no further executions. Capital punishment was restarted in 1978, although those prisoners awaiting execution between 1960 and 1978 had their sentences mostly commuted to life in prison. From 1916 to 1960 the state executed 125 inmates. For a variety of reasons there were no further executions until 2000. Since 2000, Tennessee has executed six prisoners and has 73 prisoners on death row (as of April 2015).", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in the United Kingdom was used from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century. The last executions in the United Kingdom were by hanging, and took place in 1964, prior to capital punishment being abolished for murder (in 1965 in Great Britain and in 1973 in Northern Ireland). Although unused, the death penalty remained a legally defined punishment for certain offences such as treason until it was completely abolished in 1998. In 2004 the 13th Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights became binding on the United Kingdom, prohibiting the restoration of the death penalty for as long as the UK is a party to the Convention.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Elazığ earthquake was a 6.1 M earthquake that occurred on 8 March 2010 at 02:32 UTC (04:32 local time). The epicentre was Başyurt in Elazığ Province, in eastern Turkey. Initial reports in global media said as many as 57 people had died. By 10 March, reports in the Turkish media placed the death toll at 41 and later, the death toll rose to 42. Another 74 were injured, many after falling and jumping from buildings. A stampede through the streets led to further injuries.", "title": "2010 Elazığ earthquake" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On July 16, 2014, federal judge Cormac J. Carney of the United States District Court ruled that California's death penalty system is unconstitutional because it is arbitrary and plagued with delay. The state has not executed a prisoner since 2006. The judge stated that the current system violates the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment by imposing a sentence that ``no rational jury or legislature could ever impose: life in prison, with the remote possibility of death. ''", "title": "Capital punishment in California" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Punisher is a 2004 American action film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, starring Thomas Jane as the antihero Frank Castle / The Punisher and John Travolta as Howard Saint, a money launderer who orders the death of Castle's entire family.", "title": "The Punisher (2004 film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Punishment of Tythus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 and now in the Museo del Prado. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.", "title": "The Punishment of Tythus" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laboratory research on reinforcement is usually dated from the work of Edward Thorndike, known for his experiments with cats escaping from puzzle boxes. A number of others continued this research, notably B.F. Skinner, who published his seminal work on the topic in The Behavior of Organisms, in 1938, and elaborated this research in many subsequent publications. Notably Skinner argued that positive reinforcement is superior to punishment in shaping behavior. Though punishment may seem just the opposite of reinforcement, Skinner claimed that they differ immensely, saying that positive reinforcement results in lasting behavioral modification (long - term) whereas punishment changes behavior only temporarily (short - term) and has many detrimental side - effects. A great many researchers subsequently expanded our understanding of reinforcement and challenged some of Skinner's conclusions. For example, Azrin and Holz defined punishment as a ``consequence of behavior that reduces the future probability of that behavior, ''and some studies have shown that positive reinforcement and punishment are equally effective in modifying behavior. Research on the effects of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment continue today as those concepts are fundamental to learning theory and apply to many practical applications of that theory.", "title": "Reinforcement" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague.", "title": "Christian Ackermann" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620–21, and again in 1654–57, 1665, 1691, and 1740–42. Plague remained a major event in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century. Between 1701 and 1750, thirty-seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople, and an additional thirty-one between 1751 and 1800. Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague, and sometimes two-thirds of its population has been wiped out.", "title": "Black Death" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 108062, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Who developed La Bella?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacob Black is Bella's best friend. He is a Quileute Native American and a werewolf. In Twilight, Jacob plays the minor role of a forgotten childhood friend of Bella's, and he develops a crush on her. In an attempt to learn more about Cullens, Bella flirts with Jacob, and he tells her tribe legends about ``the cold ones '', or vampires. After Edward leaves Bella in New Moon, she spends much of her time with Jacob. Though she only considers him a friend, Jacob falls in love with Bella. Although he spends most of his time in Eclipse trying to win Bella, in Breaking Dawn he imprints -- an involuntary process in which a werewolf finds their soul mate -- on Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee.", "title": "List of Twilight characters" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution (``Revolution Square '', formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. The National Convention had convicted the king (17 January 1792) in a near - unanimous vote (while no one voted`` not guilty'', several deputies abstained) and condemned him to death by a simple majority.", "title": "Execution of Louis XVI" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The La Cantuta massacre, in which supposed members of Sendero Luminoso, a university professor and nine students from Lima's La Cantuta University were abducted by a military death squad, took place in Peru on 18 July 1992 during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. The incident occurred two days after the Shining Path's Tarata bombing left over 40 dead in Lima Province.", "title": "La Cantuta massacre" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague.", "title": "Christian Ackermann" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "La Bella is a portrait of an unknown woman by Titian, painted around 1536 and now in the Palazzo Pitti in Florence. The work of a mature artist, it shows the woman with Renaissance ideal proportions and a natural expressive force. The composition is clear.", "title": "La Bella" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roughly one-third of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year. However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause TB disease, and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic. In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million chronic cases were active. In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of TB were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred, most of these occurring in developing countries. Of these 1.45 million deaths, about 0.35 million occur in those also infected with HIV.", "title": "Tuberculosis" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Eclipse, Bella agrees to marry Edward on the condition he will make love to her while she is still human. Edward eventually relents and agrees, on the stipulation it will only occur after they are married. The plot is driven by the machinations of the vampire Victoria, who, seeking revenge for the death of her mate James, is hunting Bella and creating new vampires to build an army. A grudging truce is made between the Cullens and the Native-American werewolf pack led by Sam Uley and Jacob Black, a friend of Bella's who was there for her when Edward broke her heart. However, the truce is endangered when Bella realizes Jacob means more to her than she thought. Ultimately, Edward accepts that Bella cares for Jacob and successfully destroys Victoria, and Bella acknowledges that Edward is the most important person in her life. Edward tells Bella that they may attempt making love before they get married, as he realizes that she spends too much of her life trying to please other people. However, she refuses his offer and agrees to doing things the way Edward initially wanted: marriage, making love, and then becoming a vampire.", "title": "Edward Cullen" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bella Calamidades (\"Beautiful But Unlucky\") is a Spanish-language romantic thriller telenovela produced by RTI Producciones for Caracol TV and Telemundo. A tongue-in-cheek romance story, it features a ravishing beauty plagued by bad luck.", "title": "Bella calamidades" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2009, he received the Medalla de Oro al Mérito en las Bellas Artes (Gold Medal of Merit in Fine Arts) of Spain.", "title": "Isaac Díaz Pardo" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 108881, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Who is the creator of The Worship of Venus?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede occurred as crowds departed a New Year's Eve fireworks display in the early hours of 1 January 2013 near the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It resulted in 61 deaths and over 200 injuries, mostly women and children. This was the second time in four years that a fatal stampede occurred at the stadium.", "title": "2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations. In 1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death have been taken up by a number of authors, including Samuel K. Cohn, Jr. (2002), David Herlihy (1997), and Susan Scott and Christopher Duncan (2001).", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tundra Publishing was a Northampton, Massachusetts-based comic book publisher founded by Kevin Eastman in 1990. The company was founded to provide a venue for adventurous, creator-owned work by talented cartoonists and illustrators. Its publications were noted in the trade for their high production values, including glossy paper stock, full-color printing, and square binding. Tundra was one of the earlier creator-owned companies, before the formation of Image Comics and Dark Horse Comics' Legends imprint.", "title": "Tundra Publishing" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620–21, and again in 1654–57, 1665, 1691, and 1740–42. Plague remained a major event in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century. Between 1701 and 1750, thirty-seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople, and an additional thirty-one between 1751 and 1800. Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague, and sometimes two-thirds of its population has been wiped out.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague.", "title": "Christian Ackermann" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Worship of Venus is an oil on canvas painting by the Italian artist Titian completed between 1518–1519, housed at the Museo del Prado in Madrid, Spain. It describes a Roman rite of worship conducted in honour of the goddess Venus each 1 April. On this occasion, women would make offerings to representations of the goddess so as to cleanse \"every blemish on their bodies\".", "title": "The Worship of Venus" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered by Queen Theodora in the 6th Century. According to William E. Phipps, in the book Survivals of Roman Religion \"Gordon Laing argues convincingly that the worship of Artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand Ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of Mary.\"", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medical knowledge had stagnated during the Middle Ages. The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a \"great pestilence in the air\". This report became the first and most widely circulated of a series of plague tracts that sought to give advice to sufferers. That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory. The word 'plague' had no special significance at this time, and only the recurrence of outbreaks during the Middle Ages gave it the name that has become the medical term.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "title": "Black Death" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 786067, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "McAfee's Benchmark >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "fleur - de-lis", "id": 86925, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "what is the #2 saints symbol called" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Balbina (), sometimes called Balbina of Rome and Balbina the Virgin is venerated as a virgin martyr and saint of the Roman Catholic Church.", "title": "Balbina of Rome" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team, the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien -- The Lilies), the Major League Soccer team the Montreal Impact, the sports teams of New Orleans, Louisiana in the NFL, NBA and the Pacific Coast League, the Rugby League team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the NPSL team Detroit City FC. Marc - André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur - de-lis logo on his mask. The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013, Georges St - Pierre, has a tattoo of the fleur - de-lis on his right calf. The IT University of Copenhagen's soccer team ITU F.C. has it in their logo. France used the symbol in the official emblem on the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup", "title": "Fleur-de-lis" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gruma, S.A.B. de C.V., known as Gruma, is a Mexican multinational corn flour (masa) and tortilla manufacturing company headquartered in San Pedro, near Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. It is the largest corn flour and tortilla manufacturer in the world. Its brand names include Mission Foods (Misión in Mexico), Maseca, and Guerrero.", "title": "Gruma" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 4, 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission filed suit against McAfee for overstating its 1998–2000 net revenue by US$622,000,000. Without admitting any wrongdoing, McAfee simultaneously settled the complaint, and agreed to pay a $50 million penalty and rework its accounting practices. The fine was for accounting fraud; known as channel stuffing that served to inflate their revenue to their investors.", "title": "McAfee" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prysmian Group is an Italian multinational corporation headquartered in Milan that manufactures electric power transmission and telecommunications cables and systems. It is the largest manufacturer of cables in the world measured by revenues.", "title": "Prysmian Group" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intrall, or International Truck Alliance, is a Russo-British automotive company with headquarters in London, England, and manufacturing in Poland. At the end of 2003, the company acquired from Intrall Treasury factory of Daewoo Motor Poland in Lublin, then operating from January 2004 to 2007 years, called Intrall Poland. Under the new production in 2005, FSC Lublin and Honker models were produced under the \"Intrall\" brand. In 2006 the company acquired the rights to produce models of trucks of the Czech brand Praga. A brand-new commercial van/truck was developed called the \"Intrall Lubo\".", "title": "Intrall" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aérodrome Saint-Louis, also called Aérodrome du Bois Gomin or Canadian Transcontinental Airways Airport, was the first airfield of the Quebec City area of Quebec, Canada. It was located in the suburb of Sainte-Foy.", "title": "Aérodrome Saint-Louis" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed through torrential rain in defiance of a ban by local authorities. Later, they gathered in the city center near the government's headquarters, where speakers demanded resignation of Yefrem Sokolov, the republic's Communist Party leader, and called for the evacuation of half a million people from the contaminated zones.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St. Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St. Louis. The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group, affiliated with Freemasonry. The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976).", "title": "Billiken" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wanhua-BorsodChem – as the European member of the Wanhua Group – is a leading chemical raw material manufacturing company headquartered in Kazincbarcika, Hungary. The company specialized for isocyanates (MDI, TDI), PVC and chlor-alkali (vinyl) businesses. The main production site is located in Kazincbarcika, Hungary but the production is also supported by other European production capacities located in Ostrava, the Czech Republic and Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland. Several branch offices are available in Hungary, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Italy and Poland.", "title": "BorsodChem" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auguste Levêque (1866 in Nivelles, Walloon Brabant – 1921 in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode) is a Belgian painter influenced both by realism and symbolism. Levêque was also a sculptor, poet and art theoretician.", "title": "Auguste Levêque" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KCC Corporation (renamed from Kumkang Korea Chemicals Co., Ltd. on February 25, 2005) is a Korean chemical and auto parts manufacturer, headquartered in Seoul, South Korea.", "title": "KCC Corporation" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Surveys show that red is the color most associated with courage. In western countries red is a symbol of martyrs and sacrifice, particularly because of its association with blood. Beginning in the Middle Ages, the Pope and Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church wore red to symbolize the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs. The banner of the Christian soldiers in the First Crusade was a red cross on a white field, the St. George's Cross. According to Christian tradition, Saint George was a Roman soldier who was a member of the guards of the Emperor Diocletian, who refused to renounce his Christian faith and was martyred. The Saint George's Cross became the Flag of England in the 16th century, and now is part of the Union Flag of the United Kingdom, as well as the Flag of the Republic of Georgia.", "title": "Red" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boiron () is a manufacturer of homeopathic products, headquartered in France and with an operating presence in 59 countries worldwide. It is the largest manufacturer of homeopathic products in the world. In 2004, it employed a workforce of 2,779 and had a turnover of € 313 million. It is currently a member of the CAC Small 90 stock index.", "title": "Boiron" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "McAfee's Benchmark is a brand of Kentucky Straight Bourbon Whiskey produced by the Sazerac Company at its Buffalo Trace Distillery in Frankfort, Kentucky. The full name of the brand that appears on the bottle is \"McAfee's Benchmark Old No. 8 Brand\" (with \"Benchmark\" rendered in much larger letters than the rest). The primary brand expression is an 80 U.S. proof (40% alcohol by volume) bourbon aged \"at least 36 months\" according to its label.", "title": "McAfee's Benchmark" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Lucia is one of the Windward Islands, a group of islands located off the southeast coast of North America. St Lucia's economy relies primarily on the sale of bananas, and the income generated from tourism, with additional input from small-scale manufacturing.", "title": "Economy of Saint Lucia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most common and convenient datum which is internationally accepted is mean sea level. Countries take their nearby sea levels as datum planes for calculations of Reduced levels. For example, Pakistan takes sea near Karachi as its datum while India takes sea near Mumbai as its datum for calculation of Reduced levels of different places in their respective countries. The term Reduced Level is denoted shortly by 'RL'. National survey departments of each country determines RL's of significantly important locations or points. These points are called as permanent benchmarks and this survey process is known as Great Trigonometrical Surveying (GTS). The permanent bench marks act as reference points for determining RL's of other locations in a particular country.", "title": "Reduced level" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horton Park is a small arboretum in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Known primarily for its variety of trees, Horton Park has become a symbol of the Saint Paul Midway community.", "title": "Horton Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. As a symbol of the U.S. military, The Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the U.S. Department of Defense.", "title": "The Pentagon" } ]

[ "Fleur-de-lis", "fleur-de-lis" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 109113, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Who developed Venus with a Mirror?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The World Health Organization and the UN Environment Programme estimate that each year, 3 million workers in agriculture in the developing world experience severe poisoning from pesticides, about 18,000 of whom die. Owing to inadequate regulation and safety precautions, 99% of pesticide related deaths occur in developing countries that account for only 25% of pesticide usage. According to one study, as many as 25 million workers in developing countries may suffer mild pesticide poisoning yearly. There are several careers aside from agriculture that may also put individuals at risk of health effects from pesticide exposure including pet groomers, groundskeepers, and fumigators.", "title": "Pesticide" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that there were two billion cases of gastroenteritis that resulted in 1.3 million deaths globally in 2015. Children and those in the developing world are most commonly affected. As of 2011, in those less than five, there were about 1.7 billion cases resulting in 0.7 million deaths, with most of these occurring in the world's poorest nations. More than 450,000 of these fatalities are due to rotavirus in children under 5 years of age. Cholera causes about three to five million cases of disease and kills approximately 100,000 people yearly. In the developing world, children less than two years of age frequently get six or more infections a year that result in significant gastroenteritis. It is less common in adults, partly due to the development of acquired immunity.In 1980, gastroenteritis from all causes caused 4.6 million deaths in children, with the majority occurring in the developing world. Death rates were reduced significantly (to approximately 1.5 million deaths annually) by the year 2000, largely due to the introduction and widespread use of oral rehydration therapy. In the US, infections causing gastroenteritis are the second most common infection (after the common cold), and they result in between 200 and 375 million cases of acute diarrhea and approximately ten thousand deaths annually, with 150 to 300 of these deaths in children less than five years of age.", "title": "Gastroenteritis" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague.", "title": "Christian Ackermann" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The two standard sex symbols are the Mars symbol ♂ (often considered to represent a shield and spear) for male and Venus symbol ♀ (often considered to represent a bronze mirror with a handle) for female, derived from astrological symbols, denoting the classical planets Mars and Venus, respectively. They were first used to denote the effective sex of plants (i.e. sex of individual in a given crossbreed, since most plants are hermaphroditic) by Carl Linnaeus in 1751.", "title": "Gender symbol" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other forms of plague have been implicated by modern scientists. The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30–75% and symptoms including fever of 38–41 °C (100–106 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Left untreated, of those that contract the bubonic plague, 80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent. Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches (purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation). In cases of pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague, the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roughly one-third of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year. However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause TB disease, and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic. In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million chronic cases were active. In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of TB were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred, most of these occurring in developing countries. Of these 1.45 million deaths, about 0.35 million occur in those also infected with HIV.", "title": "Tuberculosis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Elazığ earthquake was a 6.1 M earthquake that occurred on 8 March 2010 at 02:32 UTC (04:32 local time). The epicentre was Başyurt in Elazığ Province, in eastern Turkey. Initial reports in global media said as many as 57 people had died. By 10 March, reports in the Turkish media placed the death toll at 41 and later, the death toll rose to 42. Another 74 were injured, many after falling and jumping from buildings. A stampede through the streets led to further injuries.", "title": "2010 Elazığ earthquake" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Venus with a Mirror (about 1555) is a painting by Titian, now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, and it is considered to be one of the collection's highlights.", "title": "Venus with a Mirror" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.", "title": "Black Death" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Marco Polo", "id": 30240, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 740597, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The spice trade was made possible by the maritime trade route. In 1498, the Portuguese navigator, Vasco da Gama, sailed round the Cape of Good Hope and opened up a sea route from Europe to India. Bringing home samples of exotic oriental products, da Gama greatly increased European interest in the new trade route and the new trade route quickly facilitated the expansion of trade. Eventually, the Dutch wrestled control of it from the Portuguese in the 17th century, and in the 18th century, the British gained control of it from the Dutch. Nevertheless, the spice route greatly increased trading activities, deepened the economic relations between Europe and Southeast Asia and as a result, more European merchants found their way to Southeast Asia.", "title": "European colonisation of Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany in the early 20th century, with the imperial ambition of recovering its lost territories, but it dissolved in the aftermath of World War I, leading to the emergence of the new state of Turkey in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland, as well as the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states, thus ending Turkish colonial ambitions.", "title": "Imperialism" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gallipoli campaign, also known as the Dardanelles campaign, the Battle of Gallipoli or the Battle of Çanakkale (), was a campaign of the First World War that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu in modern Turkey), from 17 February 1915 to 9 January 1916. The Entente powers, Britain, France and the Russian Empire, sought to weaken the Ottoman Empire, one of the Central Powers, by taking control of the straits that provided a supply route to Russia. The Allies' attack on Ottoman forts at the entrance of the Dardanelles in February 1915 failed and was followed by an amphibious landing on the Gallipoli peninsula in April 1915 to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople (Istanbul).", "title": "Gallipoli campaign" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The economic structure of the Empire was defined by its geopolitical structure. The Ottoman Empire stood between the West and the East, thus blocking the land route eastward and forcing Spanish and Portuguese navigators to set sail in search of a new route to the Orient. The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used. When Vasco da Gama bypassed Ottoman controlled routes and established direct trade links with India in 1498, and Christopher Columbus first journeyed to the Bahamas in 1492, the Ottoman Empire was at its zenith.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the outbreak of the First World War and the decision of the Ottoman Empire to join the war on the side of the Central Powers, on 5 November 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus and declared the Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan a Sultanate and British protectorate.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany in the early 20th century, with the imperial ambition of recovering its lost territories, joining in World War I to achieve this ambition on the side of Germany and the Central Powers. While the Empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it was struggling with internal dissent, especially with the Arab Revolt in its Arabian holdings. Starting before the war, but growing increasingly common and violent during it, major atrocities were committed by the Ottoman government against the Armenians, Assyrians and Pontic Greeks. The Empire's defeat and the occupation of part of its territory by the Allied Powers in the aftermath of World War I resulted in the emergence of a new state, Turkey, in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland following the Turkish War of Independence, as well as the founding of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ottoman Navy vastly contributed to the expansion of the Empire's territories on the European continent. It initiated the conquest of North Africa, with the addition of Algeria and Egypt to the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Starting with the loss of Greece in 1821 and Algeria in 1830, Ottoman naval power and control over the Empire's distant overseas territories began to decline. Sultan Abdülaziz (reigned 1861–1876) attempted to reestablish a strong Ottoman navy, building the largest fleet after those of Britain and France. The shipyard at Barrow, England, built its first submarine in 1886 for the Ottoman Empire.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated \"Wild Fields\" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal brought the emerging Russian state into conflict with the Ukrainian Cossacks and then with the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate and Circassians. When Russia conquered these groups and gained possession of southern Ukraine, known as New Russia during Russian imperial times, the Ottoman Empire lost its buffer zone against Russian expansion, and Russia and the Ottoman Empire fell into direct conflict. The conflict with the Ottoman Empire also presented a religious issue of importance, as Russia saw itself as the protector of Orthodox Christians, many of whom lived under Ottoman control and were treated as second-class citizens.(ch 1)", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1689 – 13 August 1758) was an Ottoman statesman and military leader who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire three times.", "title": "Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarkis Diranian (; 1854 in Constantinople, now Istanbul, Ottoman Empire - 1938 in Paris, France ) was an Armenian orientalist painter. Originally from the Ottoman Empire, he was established for many years in Paris.", "title": "Sarkis Diranian" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Footsteps of Marco Polo is a 2008 PBS documentary film detailing Denis Belliveau and Francis O'Donnell's 1993 retracing of Marco Polo's journey from Venice to Anatolia, Persia, India and China. The movie documents the first quest \"to visit and document every region Marco Polo claimed to have traveled\" using only land and sea methods of transportation. Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" writes that the documentary includes how Belliveau and O'Donnell \"encountered Mongol horsemen and hostile Chinese security officers and survived a firefight between Afghan factions. In the spirit of Polo's journey -- and to prove a point regarding the authenticity of his account -- they disdained airplanes, traveling by foot, on horses and camels and by jeep, boat and train.\" A text by the same name as the video, \"In the Footsteps of Marco Polo\", written by Belliveau and O'Donnell, and published by Rowman & Littlefield, serves as a companion to the documentary film. \"In the Footsteps of Marco Polo\" has been used by Belliveau to create a unique interdisciplinary educational curriculum that he presents at schools and libraries across the United States and internationally.", "title": "In the Footsteps of Marco Polo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه‎ Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After conquests in the Balkans by Murad I between 1362 and 1389, the Ottoman sultanate was transformed into a transcontinental empire and claimant to the caliphate. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cornelis de Houtman (2 April 1565 – 1 September 1599), brother of Frederick de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who discovered a new sea route from Europe to Indonesia and who thus begun the Dutch spice trade. At the time, the Portuguese Empire held a monopoly on the spice trade, and the voyage was a symbolic victory for the Dutch, even though the voyage itself was a disaster. Houtman was also a spy, having worked against the Portuguese by bringing back to the Netherlands privileged nautical information obtained during his stay in Portugal.", "title": "Cornelis de Houtman" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Crimean War was a military conflict fought between October 1853 – March 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. The French promoted the rights of Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Christians. The longer-term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of the United Kingdom and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at Ottoman expense. It has widely been noted that the causes, in one case involving an argument over a key, have never revealed a \"greater confusion of purpose\", yet led to a war noted for its \"notoriously incompetent international butchery.\"", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Zenta or Battle of Senta, fought on 11 September 1697 just south of Zenta (Serbian: Senta; then part of the Ottoman Empire; today in Serbia), on the east side of the Tisa river, was a major engagement in the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) and one of the most decisive defeats in Ottoman history. In a surprise attack, Habsburg Imperial forces routed the Ottoman army which was crossing the river. At the cost of a few hundred losses, the Habsburg forces inflicted thousands of casualties on the Ottomans, dispersed the remainder and captured the Ottoman treasure. As an immediate consequence, the Ottoman Empire lost control over Banat, while in the long run, the Habsburg victory at Zenta was the last decisive step that forced the Ottoman Empire into the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), ending the Ottoman control of large parts of Central Europe.", "title": "Battle of Zenta" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dolores Zohrab Liebmann (January 13, 1896 in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire – September 15, 1991 in New York City, US) was an American philanthropist of Armenian descent born in the Ottoman Empire. She established the Dolores Zohrab Liebmann Fund, which distributes fellowships to graduate students.", "title": "Dolores Zohrab Liebmann" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Antonio Vivaldi", "id": 28841, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Who composed the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 547811, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).", "title": "Mandolin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1. Personally attend to any Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) delegation or SRE affiliated office, with an appointment. 2. Fill with black ink, and by hand and in print the application for an ordinary passport book (Form OP - 5). The application can be obtained for free at any of the branches of the SRE or the Office of State or Municipal Liaison SRE. 3. Proof of Mexican nationality by presenting an original and a photocopy of any of the following documents: a) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by the Mexican civil registry office. Birth registration should not be time - barred (must have occurred within the first three years of life), if exceeded temporality, see section ``Additional Documentation for birth certificates with untimely registration ''; b) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a consular office abroad *. c) Certificate * Copy of Mexican nationality; d) Declaration of Mexican nationality by birth *; e) Naturalization Certificate *, and f) Certificate of Citizenship Identity issued by the Secretary of the Interior", "title": "Mexican passport" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Franz Schubert's Piano Sonata in A minor, D 784 (posthumously published as Op. 143), is one of Schubert's major compositions for the piano. Schubert composed the work in February 1823, perhaps as a response to his illness the year before. It was however not published until 1839, eleven years after his death. It was given the opus number 143 and a dedication to Felix Mendelssohn by its publishers. The D 784 sonata, Schubert's last to be in three movements, is seen by many to herald a new era in Schubert's output for the piano, and to be a profound and sometimes almost obsessively tragic work.", "title": "Piano Sonata in A minor, D 784 (Schubert)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Overture in the French style, BWV 831, original title Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, also known as the French Overture and published as the second half of Clavier-Übung II in 1735 (paired with the \"Italian Concerto\"), is a suite in B minor for two-manual harpsichord written by Johann Sebastian Bach. An earlier version of this work exists, in the key of C minor (BWV 831a); the work was transposed into B minor to complete the cycle of tonalities in Parts One and Two of the Clavier-Übung. The keys of the six Partitas (B major, C minor, A minor, D major, G major, E minor) form a sequence of intervals going up and then down by increasing amounts: a second up (B to C), a third down (C to A), a fourth up (A to D), a fifth down (D to G), and finally a sixth up (G to E). The key sequence continues into \"Clavier-Übung II\" (1735) with two larger works: the Italian Concerto, a seventh down (E to F), and the French Overture, an augmented fourth up (F to B). Thus this sequence of customary tonalities for 18th-century keyboard compositions is complete, extending from the first letter of his name (Bach's \"home\" key, B, in German is B) to the last letter of his name (B in German is H).", "title": "Overture in the French style, BWV 831" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist. For the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda, he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition, Maurice Steger has recorded several albums, many of which have been crowned with international awards, including Vivaldi's concertos for recorder, the Telemann flute quartets for Deutsche Grammophon (with Reinhard Goebel and the Musica Antiqua Köln). Steger records for harmonia mundi. He won the most important classical awards for his projects, the solo concerts of Telemann with the Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin and the album Giuseppe Sammartini (2007) with his own consort. The latest recordings are an album of early Baroque music, \"Venezia 1625\", a dazzling CD with Corelli Concertos \"Mr. Corelli in London\" and \"Una Follia di Napoli\" with Concertos by Southern Italian Composers (2013).", "title": "Maurice Steger" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carl Maria von Weber wrote his Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in E major, Op. 74, J. 118 in 1811, and premiered on December 25, 1813. It is composed of three movements:", "title": "Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (Weber)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alma Manon Gropius (October 5, 1916 – April 22, 1935) was the daughter of the architect Walter Gropius and the composer and diarist Alma Mahler and the stepdaughter of the novelist and poet Franz Werfel. She is a \"Randfigur\" (peripheral person) whose importance lies in her key relationships to major figures: a muse who inspired the composer Alban Berg as well as Werfel and the Nobel Prize-winning writer Elias Canetti. Manon Gropius is most often cited as the \"angel\" and dedicatee of Berg's Violin Concerto (1935).", "title": "Manon Gropius" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph Haydn's Concerto No. 2 in D Major for cello and orchestra, Hob. VIIb/2, Op. 101, was composed in 1783 for Antonín Kraft, a cellist of Prince Nikolaus's Esterházy Orchestra.", "title": "Cello Concerto No. 2 (Haydn)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade.", "title": "A Prisoner of Birth" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Orlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.", "title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—\"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and the German sonata principle\". The last movement, a brief (75-bar) perpetuum mobile in which the hands play in unmodified octave unison throughout, was found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries, including Schumann. The Op. 58 sonata is closer to the German tradition, including many passages of complex counterpoint, \"worthy of Brahms\" according to the music historians Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Higdon (born December 31, 1962) is an American composer of classical music and composition teacher. She has received many awards including the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in Music for her Violin Concerto and a 2009 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Classical Composition for her Percussion Concerto.", "title": "Jennifer Higdon" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composed his Pezzo capriccioso, Op. 62, for cello and orchestra in a single week in August 1887. Belying its title, this work is written in the somber key of B minor, the same key as the Symphony No. 6 \"Pathétique\". The \"Pezzo\" is not capricious in a lighthearted sense. The \"capriccioso\" aspect comes from Tchaikovsky's fanciful treatment of various aspects of the work's simple theme. Despite some rapid passages and a turn to the major key, Tchaikovsky preserves the basic pulse and sober mood throughout the piece.", "title": "Pezzo capriccioso" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other forms of plague have been implicated by modern scientists. The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30–75% and symptoms including fever of 38–41 °C (100–106 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Left untreated, of those that contract the bubonic plague, 80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent. Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches (purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation). In cases of pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague, the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carl Nielsen's Concerto for Violin and orchestra, op. 33 [D.F.61] was written for Hungarian violinist Dr. Emil Telmányi, Nielsen's son-in-law, in 1911. The concerto has three movements , including a slow prelude.", "title": "Violin Concerto (Nielsen)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (Italian: (anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi); 4 March 1678 -- 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque musical composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher, and cleric. Born in Venice, he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe. He composed many instrumental concertos, for the violin and a variety of other instruments, as well as sacred choral works and more than forty operas. His best - known work is a series of violin concertos known as the Four Seasons.", "title": "Antonio Vivaldi" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions, Zamoyski opines that \"his powers of concentration were failing and his inspiration was beset by anguish, both emotional and intellectual.\"", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Antonio Vivaldi", "id": 28841, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Who composed the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 547811, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "Rialto Bridge", "id": 80702, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "what is the name of the famous bridge in #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alma Manon Gropius (October 5, 1916 – April 22, 1935) was the daughter of the architect Walter Gropius and the composer and diarist Alma Mahler and the stepdaughter of the novelist and poet Franz Werfel. She is a \"Randfigur\" (peripheral person) whose importance lies in her key relationships to major figures: a muse who inspired the composer Alban Berg as well as Werfel and the Nobel Prize-winning writer Elias Canetti. Manon Gropius is most often cited as the \"angel\" and dedicatee of Berg's Violin Concerto (1935).", "title": "Manon Gropius" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonio Squarcialupi (27 March 1416 – 6 July 1480) was an Italian organist and composer. He was the most famous organist in Italy in the mid-15th century.", "title": "Antonio Squarcialupi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph Haydn's Concerto No. 2 in D Major for cello and orchestra, Hob. VIIb/2, Op. 101, was composed in 1783 for Antonín Kraft, a cellist of Prince Nikolaus's Esterházy Orchestra.", "title": "Cello Concerto No. 2 (Haydn)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist. For the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda, he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).", "title": "Mandolin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The General William C. Westmoreland Bridge connects the city of North Charleston with the West Ashley area of Charleston in South Carolina. Composed of twin spans, it carries two lanes of Interstate 526 in each direction across the Ashley River and the surrounding marshes. It is often referred to as simply the \"Westmoreland Bridge\".", "title": "General William C. Westmoreland Bridge" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Higdon (born December 31, 1962) is an American composer of classical music and composition teacher. She has received many awards including the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in Music for her Violin Concerto and a 2009 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Classical Composition for her Percussion Concerto.", "title": "Jennifer Higdon" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in the 12th century, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city.", "title": "Rialto Bridge" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adolf Fredrik Lindblad (1 February 1801, Skänninge – 23 August 1878, Linköping) was a Swedish composer from the Romantic era. He is mostly known for his compositions of Swedish song or \"lieder\", of which he produced over 200. His other well-known compositions include his \"Symphony No. 1 in C major\", \"Symphony No. 2 in D major\", and an opera titled \"Frondörerna\" (\"The Rebels\"). He was a well-respected friend of Felix Mendelssohn, and had a collaborative relationship with the famous Swedish soprano, Jenny Lind.", "title": "Adolf Fredrik Lindblad" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carl Nielsen's Concerto for Violin and orchestra, op. 33 [D.F.61] was written for Hungarian violinist Dr. Emil Telmányi, Nielsen's son-in-law, in 1911. The concerto has three movements , including a slow prelude.", "title": "Violin Concerto (Nielsen)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Confederation Bridge (French: Pont de la Confédération) spans the Abegweit Passage of Northumberland Strait. It links Prince Edward Island with mainland New Brunswick, Canada. Before its official naming, Prince Edward Islanders often referred to the bridge as the ``Fixed Link ''. Construction took place from October 1993 to May 1997 and cost C $1.3 billion. The 12.9 - kilometre (8 mi) bridge opened on May 31, 1997.", "title": "Confederation Bridge" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1. Personally attend to any Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) delegation or SRE affiliated office, with an appointment. 2. Fill with black ink, and by hand and in print the application for an ordinary passport book (Form OP - 5). The application can be obtained for free at any of the branches of the SRE or the Office of State or Municipal Liaison SRE. 3. Proof of Mexican nationality by presenting an original and a photocopy of any of the following documents: a) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by the Mexican civil registry office. Birth registration should not be time - barred (must have occurred within the first three years of life), if exceeded temporality, see section ``Additional Documentation for birth certificates with untimely registration ''; b) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a consular office abroad *. c) Certificate * Copy of Mexican nationality; d) Declaration of Mexican nationality by birth *; e) Naturalization Certificate *, and f) Certificate of Citizenship Identity issued by the Secretary of the Interior", "title": "Mexican passport" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carl Maria von Weber wrote his Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in E major, Op. 74, J. 118 in 1811, and premiered on December 25, 1813. It is composed of three movements:", "title": "Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (Weber)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (Italian: (anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi); 4 March 1678 -- 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque musical composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher, and cleric. Born in Venice, he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe. He composed many instrumental concertos, for the violin and a variety of other instruments, as well as sacred choral works and more than forty operas. His best - known work is a series of violin concertos known as the Four Seasons.", "title": "Antonio Vivaldi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bulkeley Bridge (also known as Hartford Bridge, Bridge No. 980A) is the oldest of three highway bridges over the Connecticut River in Hartford, Connecticut. A stone arch bridge composed of nine spans, the bridge carries Interstate 84, U.S. Route 6, and U.S. Route 44 across the river, connecting Hartford to East Hartford. As of 2005 the bridge carried an average daily traffic of 142,500 cars. The arches are mounted on stone piers, and vary in length from to ; the total length of the bridge is .", "title": "Bulkeley Bridge" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Interstate 182 (I-182) Bridge, formally known as the Lee-Volpentest Bridges is the collective name for a pair of bridges carrying Interstate 182 over the Columbia River between Pasco and Richland in the U.S. state of Washington. They are named after Glenn C. Lee, publisher of the \"Tri-City Herald\", and Sam Volpentest, a prominent local businessman. It is one of three bridges connecting Pasco to the other members of the Tri-Cities of Washington (Kennewick and Richland), along with the Cable Bridge and the Blue Bridge.", "title": "Interstate 182 Bridge" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64, is his last large orchestral work. It forms an important part of the violin repertoire and is one of the most popular and most frequently performed violin concertos in history. A typical performance lasts just under half an hour.", "title": "Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Overture in the French style, BWV 831, original title Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, also known as the French Overture and published as the second half of Clavier-Übung II in 1735 (paired with the \"Italian Concerto\"), is a suite in B minor for two-manual harpsichord written by Johann Sebastian Bach. An earlier version of this work exists, in the key of C minor (BWV 831a); the work was transposed into B minor to complete the cycle of tonalities in Parts One and Two of the Clavier-Übung. The keys of the six Partitas (B major, C minor, A minor, D major, G major, E minor) form a sequence of intervals going up and then down by increasing amounts: a second up (B to C), a third down (C to A), a fourth up (A to D), a fifth down (D to G), and finally a sixth up (G to E). The key sequence continues into \"Clavier-Übung II\" (1735) with two larger works: the Italian Concerto, a seventh down (E to F), and the French Overture, an augmented fourth up (F to B). Thus this sequence of customary tonalities for 18th-century keyboard compositions is complete, extending from the first letter of his name (Bach's \"home\" key, B, in German is B) to the last letter of his name (B in German is H).", "title": "Overture in the French style, BWV 831" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armando Zeferino Soares, (1920 in São Nicolau, Cape Verde - April 3, 2007) was a Capeverdean composer, author of the famous song \"Sodade\".", "title": "Armando Zeferino Soares" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Orlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.", "title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)" } ]

[ "Ponte di Rialto" ]

[ { "answer": "Ernie K-Doe", "id": 398232, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Mother-in-Law >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 326948, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "1970s", "id": 10972, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Asscher worked as a researcher at the University of Amsterdam from 1996 until 2002. He was elected as a Municipal councillor of Amsterdam on 8 March 2002, he became the Parliamentary leader of the Labour Party in the Municipal council on 3 April 2004. He worked as a associate professor of Intellectual property law at the University of Amsterdam from 1 May 2002 until 1 May 2006. Asscher was the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) for the Labour Party in the 2006 municipal election and became Deputy Mayor and Alderman on 26 April 2006. Following the resignation of Mayor of Amsterdam Job Cohen to run for the Labour Party leadership for the election of 2010, Asscher as Deputy Mayor served as acting Mayor of Amsterdam from 12 March 2010 until 7 July 2010. After the election of 2012 Asscher was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte II, serving from 5 November 2012 until 26 October 2017.", "title": "Lodewijk Asscher" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "E. Denise Simmons is the former mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, having served her first mayoral term during the 2008–2009 term and she was the first openly lesbian African-American mayor in the United States. The previous mayor of Cambridge, Kenneth Reeves, was the first openly gay African-American mayor in the United States. As Cambridge mayor, Simmons served as head of the city's legislative body—while the non-elected city manager serves as the city's chief executive officer.", "title": "E. Denise Simmons" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards.", "title": "Auckland" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Ruehlmann served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II. Ruehlmann then received his bachelor's degree from the University of Cincinnati and his law degree from Harvard Law School. He then practiced law. In 1959, Ruehlmann was elected to the Cincinnati City Council and then served as Mayor of Cincinnati from 1967 to 1971. During his tenure as mayor he oversaw the building of Riverfront Stadium and helped bring the Cincinnati Bengals to the city. He also made significant efforts to reach out to African American communities in the wake of race riots in 1967. He was a member of the Republican Party. He died in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "title": "Eugene P. Ruehlmann" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.", "title": "Hardin Bigelow" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Białystok, like other major cities in Poland, is a city county (). The Legislative power in the city is vested in the unicameral Białystok City Council (), which has 28 members. Council members are elected directly every four years, one of whom is the mayor, or President of Białystok (). Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government. Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor, who may sign them into law. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote. The current President of Białystok, elected for his first term in 2006, is Tadeusz Truskolaski won the elections as the Civic Platform's candidate, however, he has no official connection with the party. In the first round of the elections he received 49% of the votes (42,889 votes altogether). In the later runoff he defeated his rival candidate Marek Kozlowski from Law and Justice (), receiving 67% of the votes cast (53,018 votes).", "title": "Białystok" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mayor \"(ordførar)\" of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. Harald Offerdal of the Labour Party was elected mayor of Balestrand for the 2011–2015 term and re-elected to the 2015-2019 term.", "title": "Balestrand" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ortahisar is a planned district and second level municipality in Trabzon Province, Turkey. According to Law act no 6360, all Turkish provinces with a population more than 750000, will be metropolitan municipality and the districts within the metropolitan municipalities will be second-level municipalities. The law also creates new districts within the provinces in addition to present districts. These changes will be effective by the local elections in 2014. On 30 March 2014, Ahmet Metin Genç (AKP) was elected mayor.", "title": "Ortahisar" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan", "title": "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.", "title": "Mother-in-Law Lounge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The biennial nonpartisan election for the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina was held on Tuesday, Oct. 10, 2017. As no candidate won a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff was held on November 7, 2017, as requested by the second - place finisher, Charles Francis. Incumbent Mayor Nancy McFarlane defeated Francis in the runoff, winning a fourth term in office.", "title": "2017 Raleigh mayoral election" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Mother-in-Law\" is a 1961 song recorded by Ernie K-Doe. It was a number-one hit in the U.S. on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. The song was written and produced by Allen Toussaint, who also played the piano solo. It was issued by Minit Records.", "title": "Mother-in-Law (song)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "UCLA professor Richard H. Sander published an article in the November 2004 issue of the Stanford Law Review that questioned the effectiveness of racial preferences in law schools. He noted that, prior to his article, there had been no comprehensive study on the effects of affirmative action. The article presents a study that shows that half of all black law students rank near the bottom of their class after the first year of law school and that black law students are more likely to drop out of law school and to fail the bar exam. The article offers a tentative estimate that the production of new black lawyers in the United States would grow by eight percent if affirmative action programs at all law schools were ended. Less qualified black students would attend less prestigious schools where they would be more closely matched in abilities with their classmates and thus perform relatively better. Sander helped to develop a socioeconomically-based affirmative action plan for the UCLA School of Law after the passage of Proposition 209 in 1996, which prohibited the use of racial preferences by public universities in California. This change occurred after studies showed that the graduation rate of blacks at UCLA was 41%, compared to 73% for whites.", "title": "Affirmative action in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham.", "title": "James Hannell" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "substantial degree of cervical effacement and more rapid cervical dilatation from 5 cm until full dilatation for first and subsequent labours. In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. This was done in an effort to increase the rates of vaginal delivery.Health care providers may assess a labouring mother's progress in labour by performing a cervical exam to evaluate the cervical dilation, effacement, and station. These factors form the Bishop score. The Bishop score can also be used as a means to predict the success of an induction of labour.", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The vast majority of research conducted in the late twentieth and early twenty - first century indicates that African - American infants are more than twice as likely to die in their first year of life than white infants. Although following a decline from 13.63 to 11.46 deaths per 1000 live births from 2005 to 2010, non-Hispanic black mothers continued to report a rate 2.2 times as high as that for non-Hispanic white mothers.", "title": "Infant mortality" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 109113, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Who developed Venus with a Mirror?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "id": 27537, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shiraz Solar Power Plant is a concentrating solar power type pilot power station situated near Shiraz, Iran. It became operational in 2008. The plant uses concentrating parabolic mirrors to focus a beam of light on a tower making steam for electricity generating turbines. It has a capacity of 250 kilowatt (kW). It is a project aimed at developing technologies needed for larger solar power plants, and is currently being upgraded to 500 kW capacity.", "title": "Shiraz Solar Power Plant" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The inquest into the death of Paul-Louis Halley took place in Oxford, England, in late October 2005. A jury returned a verdict of accidental death.", "title": "Paul-Louis Halley" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tait's Edinburgh Magazine was a monthly periodical founded in 1832. It was an important venue for liberal political views, as well as contemporary cultural and literary developments, in early-to-mid-nineteenth century Britain.", "title": "Tait's Edinburgh Magazine" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roncalli High School is a Catholic high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is located on the south side of Indianapolis and run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Roncalli is named for Pope John XXIII, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli.", "title": "Roncalli High School (Indiana)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sky Mirror is a public sculpture by artist Anish Kapoor. Commissioned by the Nottingham Playhouse, it is installed outside the theatre in Wellington Circus, Nottingham, England. \"Sky Mirror\" is a -wide concave dish of polished stainless steel weighing and angled up towards the sky. Its surface reflects the ever-changing environment.", "title": "Sky Mirror" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avicenna's astronomical writings had some influence on later writers, although in general his work could be considered less developed than Alhazen or Al-Biruni. One important feature of his writing is that he considers mathematical astronomy as a separate discipline to astrology. He criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun, stating that the stars are self-luminous, and believed that the planets are also self-luminous. He claimed to have observed Venus as a spot on the Sun. This is possible, as there was a transit on May 24, 1032, but Avicenna did not give the date of his observation, and modern scholars have questioned whether he could have observed the transit from his location at that time; he may have mistaken a sunspot for Venus. He used his transit observation to help establish that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in Ptolemaic cosmology, i.e. the sphere of Venus comes before the sphere of the Sun when moving out from the Earth in the prevailing geocentric model.", "title": "Avicenna" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pioneer Venus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, launched to Venus in 1978. The program was managed by NASA's Ames Research Center.", "title": "Pioneer Venus project" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The two standard sex symbols are the Mars symbol ♂ (often considered to represent a shield and spear) for male and Venus symbol ♀ (often considered to represent a bronze mirror with a handle) for female, derived from astrological symbols, denoting the classical planets Mars and Venus, respectively. They were first used to denote the effective sex of plants (i.e. sex of individual in a given crossbreed, since most plants are hermaphroditic) by Carl Linnaeus in 1751.", "title": "Gender symbol" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more \"binding\" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "More than 4,400 athletes including 300 para-athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in the event. The Gambia which withdrew its membership from the Commonwealth of Nations and Commonwealth Games Federation in 2013, was readmitted on 31 March 2018 and participated in the event. With 275 sets of medals, the games featured 19 Commonwealth sports, including beach volleyball, para triathlon and women's rugby sevens. These sporting events took place at 14 venues in the host city, two venues in Brisbane and one venue each in Cairns and Townsville.", "title": "2018 Commonwealth Games" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 29 December 2017, 19 episodes of Black Mirror have been released, including one special, concluding the fourth series. On 5 March 2018, Netflix ordered a fifth series of Black Mirror.", "title": "List of Black Mirror episodes" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 12 November 1962 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in September 1963 under the shorter title of The Mirror Crack'd and with a copyright date of 1962. The UK edition retailed at fifteen shillings (15/-) and the US edition at $3.75.", "title": "The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A mirrorless interchangeable lens camera (MILC) is called mirrorless since it does not have an optical mirror as in SLR (single lens reflex) cameras. Interchangeable lens means it has a capacity to interchange different lenses to shoot photos at different depths of field. MILC is a further evolution phase of SLR cameras in which the optical mirror is replaced with a digital mirror.", "title": "Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that there were two billion cases of gastroenteritis that resulted in 1.3 million deaths globally in 2015. Children and those in the developing world are most commonly affected. As of 2011, in those less than five, there were about 1.7 billion cases resulting in 0.7 million deaths, with most of these occurring in the world's poorest nations. More than 450,000 of these fatalities are due to rotavirus in children under 5 years of age. Cholera causes about three to five million cases of disease and kills approximately 100,000 people yearly. In the developing world, children less than two years of age frequently get six or more infections a year that result in significant gastroenteritis. It is less common in adults, partly due to the development of acquired immunity.In 1980, gastroenteritis from all causes caused 4.6 million deaths in children, with the majority occurring in the developing world. Death rates were reduced significantly (to approximately 1.5 million deaths annually) by the year 2000, largely due to the introduction and widespread use of oral rehydration therapy. In the US, infections causing gastroenteritis are the second most common infection (after the common cold), and they result in between 200 and 375 million cases of acute diarrhea and approximately ten thousand deaths annually, with 150 to 300 of these deaths in children less than five years of age.", "title": "Gastroenteritis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Osijek () was the artillery bombardment of the Croatian city of Osijek by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) which took place from August 1991 to June 1992 during the Croatian War of Independence. Shelling peaked in late November and December 1991, then diminished in 1992 after the Vance plan was accepted by the combatants. Airstrikes and attacks by JNA infantry and armored units against targets in the city accompanied the bombardment, which caused approximately 800 deaths and resulted in a large portion of the city's population leaving. Croatian sources estimated that 6,000 artillery shells were fired against Osijek over the period.", "title": "Battle of Osijek" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Venue planning started after Lillehammer was awarded the Olympics in 1988. In the bid, Kanthaugen had been envisaged as the site of the sliding center. In 1989, the Lillehammer Olympic Organizing Committee (LOOC) proposed that the ski jumping hill and ski stadium instead be located there. Placing venues at Kanthaugen was controversial, as it would result in permanent encroachments in the one of the town's main recreational areas. Ultimately, only the freestyle arena and ski jump were placed at Kanthaugen, with the ski stadium placed further away from town. Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena was along with Lysgårdsbakken designed by Økaw Arkitekter. The area development plan was passed in August 1991. The responsibility for construction originally rested on Lillehammer Municipality, but LOOC took over responsibility in November 1991. The decision to include aerials in the Olympic program was made in October 1992.", "title": "Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Venus with a Mirror (about 1555) is a painting by Titian, now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, and it is considered to be one of the collection's highlights.", "title": "Venus with a Mirror" } ]

[ "Rome", "Roma" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 108062, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Who developed La Bella?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "id": 27537, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Floridita () or El Floridita is a historic fish restaurant and cocktail bar in the older part of Havana (\"La Habana Vieja\"), Cuba. It lies at the end of \"Calle Obispo\" (Bishop Street), across Monserrate Street from the National Museum of Fine Arts of Havana (Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana). The establishment is famous for its daiquiris and for having been one of the favourite hangouts of Ernest Hemingway in Havana. The bar now boasts a life size bronze statue of Ernest Hemingway positioned in his favourite spot at the end of the bar. On a small plaque hanging in La Floridita, hangs Hemingway's signed quote: \"My mojito in the Bodeguita del Medio and my daiquiri in the Floridita\"..", "title": "Floridita" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yo soy Betty, la fea (\"I am Betty, the Ugly one\") is a telenovela (tragicomedy) filmed in Colombia, written by Fernando Gaitán and was produced from 25 October 1999 to 8 May 2001 by the Colombian network RCN (Radio Cadena Nacional). More than a dozen versions of the telenovela have been made in other countries due to the popularity of the plot. In the United States, both the comedy-drama hit \"Ugly Betty\" and Televisa program \"La Fea Más Bella\" are based on the Colombian soap opera.", "title": "Yo soy Betty, la fea" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Firvale is a community in the Bella Coola Valley of the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, located at the confluence of Burnt Bridge Creek and the Bella Coola River, northeast of the valley's main community of Bella Coola.", "title": "Firvale" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roncalli High School is a Catholic high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is located on the south side of Indianapolis and run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Roncalli is named for Pope John XXIII, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli.", "title": "Roncalli High School (Indiana)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacob Black is Bella's best friend. He is a Quileute Native American and a werewolf. In Twilight, Jacob plays the minor role of a forgotten childhood friend of Bella's, and he develops a crush on her. In an attempt to learn more about Cullens, Bella flirts with Jacob, and he tells her tribe legends about ``the cold ones '', or vampires. After Edward leaves Bella in New Moon, she spends much of her time with Jacob. Though she only considers him a friend, Jacob falls in love with Bella. Although he spends most of his time in Eclipse trying to win Bella, in Breaking Dawn he imprints -- an involuntary process in which a werewolf finds their soul mate -- on Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee.", "title": "List of Twilight characters" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No. Title Music Scene Length 1. ``Where I Come From ''Passion Pit Bella sees herself in the mirror when she finishes her transformation 3: 39 2.`` Bittersweet'' Ellie Goulding & Sonny Moore 3rd song in end credits 3: 56 3. ``The Forgotten ''Green Day 2nd song in end credits 4: 59 4.`` Fire in the Water'' Feist Bella and Edward are intimate in the cottage 2: 30 5. ``Everything and Nothing ''The Boom Circuits Emmett, Jasper, Alice and Esme finish building the cottage and return to celebrate Bella's last birthday 4: 25 6.`` The Antidote'' St. Vincent Bella and Emmett arm wrestle 3: 39 7. ``Speak Up ''POP ETC The Cullens saying goodbye to the witnesses and during Alice's vision of Renesmee and Jacob 4: 40 8.`` Heart of Stone'' Iko Bella and Edward in the cottage after Alice and Jasper leave 3: 53 9. ``Cover Your Tracks ''A Boy and His Kite Edward and Bella enter the cottage for the first time 4: 31 10.`` Ghosts'' James Vincent McMorrow Bella returns from Seattle and in the car, she realizes she and Edward will die during the battle and loses her last hope 3: 45 11. ``All I've Ever Needed ''Paul McDonald and Nikki Reed 5th song in end credits 3: 56 12.`` New for You'' Reeve Carney 4th song in end credits 3: 10 13. ``A Thousand Years, Pt. 2 ''(featuring Steve Kazee) Christina Perri Bella and Edward in the meadow; 1st song in end credits 5: 07 14.`` Plus que ma propre vie'' (More Than My Own Life) Carter Burwell Various scenes throughout the film 4: 15 Total length: 53: 05", "title": "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leaving Las Vegas is a 1995 American romantic drama film written and directed by Mike Figgis and based on the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by John O'Brien. Nicolas Cage stars as a suicidal alcoholic in Los Angeles who, divorced and recently fired, has decided to move to Las Vegas and drink himself to death. He loads a supply of liquor and beer into his BMW and gets drunk as he drives from Los Angeles to Nevada. Once there, he develops a romantic relationship with a pretty but hardened prostitute played by Elisabeth Shue, which forms the center of the film. O'Brien died by suicide after signing away the film rights to the novel.", "title": "Leaving Las Vegas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bellas are left in disgrace after the incident with no hopes of winning the competition until Stacie calls the girls to inform she has given birth to a baby girl and named her Bella. This motivates the Bellas to just perform their hearts out without trying to win. Back at the USO competition, the Bellas perform tremendously to adoring crowds through different performances, repairing their reputation and chances to win in the process. Fergus is accepted by Amy, who believes he came to one of their performances to see her. He accidentally reveals that he has not seen her perform at all, while confessing that he is only trying to acquire an offshore account Amy's mother set up which contains US $180 million. After Amy shuts out Fergus again, Chicago and Zeke escort her away from her father, who swears revenge on her. Meanwhile, only Beca is asked personally by DJ Khaled to open for him, disregarding the other Bellas. Beca politely declines the offer and leaves to her room. Later, the Bellas are taken away by a Frenchman in a dark grey van out onto a yacht in a nearby harbor. The yacht belongs to Fergus, who is using the Bellas as a means to get Amy to come for him. Amy and Beca hear of the kidnapping and decide to rescue the Bellas. Beca distracts Fergus by having the Bellas perform ``Toxic ''for him and two of his men, just as Amy sets the yacht to explode. The Bellas escape the yacht just before it blows. Fergus survives the explosion and is arrested for his crimes.", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution (``Revolution Square '', formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. The National Convention had convicted the king (17 January 1792) in a near - unanimous vote (while no one voted`` not guilty'', several deputies abstained) and condemned him to death by a simple majority.", "title": "Execution of Louis XVI" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Cullen (born Edward Anthony Masen) is a major character, implicated in all of the Twilight Saga films and books. As stated in the first and second novels, he was born on June 20, 1901, in Chicago, Illinois, and was frozen in his 17 - year - old body while dying of the Spanish influenza, when he was changed into a vampire by Dr. Carlisle Cullen. As shown in Twilight, Carlisle only did so because Edward's dying mother, Elizabeth, begged him to save Edward. A member of the Olympic Coven, Edward only drinks animal blood and has the special ability to read minds. He falls in love with Bella soon after she arrives in Forks. Edward knows that he could kill Bella easily, a fact that torments him so much that, in the book New Moon, he decided to leave Forks with his family so they would n't be able to hurt her. He returned because he realized he can not live without her. Edward marries Bella in Breaking Dawn and they have a daughter, Renesmee.", "title": "List of Twilight characters" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anna Kendrick as Beca Mitchell, the senior leader of the Bellas, known for creating the unique modern - day sound of the Bellas. She is an aspiring record producer and is now an intern at Residual Heat, a record label.", "title": "Pitch Perfect 2" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Twilight, Bella moves to her father's home in Forks, Washington, meets the mysterious Cullen family, and falls in love with Edward Cullen. However, she soon discovers that the family is a coven of vampires. Bella expresses a desire to become a vampire herself, but Edward refuses to ``turn ''her. In the second novel, New Moon, Edward and the other Cullens leave Forks in an effort to keep Bella safe from the vampire world. Jacob Black, a member of the Quileute tribe who is also a shape shifter taking a wolf form, comforts the distraught and severely depressed Bella. She comes to care deeply for Jacob, though less than she loves Edward. At the end of Eclipse, Bella becomes engaged to Edward, and they marry in Breaking Dawn. On their honeymoon, she becomes pregnant by Edward and, due to the peculiar nature of her baby, Bella nearly dies giving birth to their daughter, Renesmee Cullen. Edward turns her into a vampire to save her life.", "title": "Bella Swan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The La Cantuta massacre, in which supposed members of Sendero Luminoso, a university professor and nine students from Lima's La Cantuta University were abducted by a military death squad, took place in Peru on 18 July 1992 during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. The incident occurred two days after the Shining Path's Tarata bombing left over 40 dead in Lima Province.", "title": "La Cantuta massacre" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "La Bella is a portrait of an unknown woman by Titian, painted around 1536 and now in the Palazzo Pitti in Florence. The work of a mature artist, it shows the woman with Renaissance ideal proportions and a natural expressive force. The composition is clear.", "title": "La Bella" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Noohalk Mountain 2099 m (6886 feet) is a mountain in the northernmost Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. It is located on the south side of the Bella Coola Valley between Hagensborg and Bella Coola.", "title": "Noohalk Mountain" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aurelio Macchi (27 January 1916 – 1 July 2010) was an Argentine sculptor. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (\"Academia de Bellas Artes\") in 1938, and worked as an assistant to José Fioravanti. Macchi's work was primarily displayed in the United States and Europe, but also the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes in Buenos Aires incorporated one of his work, only four years before his death. His used mostly wood and metal for his work. In addition to his individual work, he was also a teacher, and greatly influenced several generations of Argentine sculptors.", "title": "Aurelio Macchi" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Eclipse, Bella agrees to marry Edward on the condition he will make love to her while she is still human. Edward eventually relents and agrees, on the stipulation it will only occur after they are married. The plot is driven by the machinations of the vampire Victoria, who, seeking revenge for the death of her mate James, is hunting Bella and creating new vampires to build an army. A grudging truce is made between the Cullens and the Native-American werewolf pack led by Sam Uley and Jacob Black, a friend of Bella's who was there for her when Edward broke her heart. However, the truce is endangered when Bella realizes Jacob means more to her than she thought. Ultimately, Edward accepts that Bella cares for Jacob and successfully destroys Victoria, and Bella acknowledges that Edward is the most important person in her life. Edward tells Bella that they may attempt making love before they get married, as he realizes that she spends too much of her life trying to please other people. However, she refuses his offer and agrees to doing things the way Edward initially wanted: marriage, making love, and then becoming a vampire.", "title": "Edward Cullen" } ]

[ "Rome", "Roma" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 108833, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Who developed The Bacchanal of the Andrians?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "id": 27537, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many names for pubs that appear nonsensical may have come from corruptions of old slogans or phrases, such as \"The Bag o'Nails\" (Bacchanals), \"The Goat and Compasses\" (God Encompasseth Us), \"The Cat and the Fiddle\" (Chaton Fidèle: Faithful Kitten) and \"The Bull and Bush\", which purportedly celebrates the victory of Henry VIII at \"Boulogne Bouche\" or Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1348, the Black Death and other disasters sealed a sudden end to the previous period of massive philosophic and scientific development. Yet, the rediscovery of ancient texts was improved after the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West. Meanwhile, the introduction of printing was to have great effect on European society. The facilitated dissemination of the printed word democratized learning and allowed a faster propagation of new ideas. New ideas also helped to influence the development of European science at this point: not least the introduction of Algebra. These developments paved the way for the Scientific Revolution, which may also be understood as a resumption of the process of scientific inquiry, halted at the start of the Black Death.", "title": "History of science" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent \"high development\". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the \"medium development\" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.", "title": "Human Development Index" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bacchanal of the Andrians is an oil painting by Titian. It is signed \".[aciebat]\" and is dated to 1523–1526.", "title": "The Bacchanal of the Andrians" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His strong spirit is reborn and reincarnated as a newborn Retriever puppy in 1961. Toby leaves his cage at a puppy mill and is found by two garbage men who plan to sell him for their own profit. They leave to drink and Toby is spotted locked inside their pick - up truck by a young boy named Ethan and his mother, who rescue him from the brink of death by heatstroke. After they convince Ethan's father, the dog is allowed to stay and renamed Bailey.", "title": "A Dog's Purpose (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Imported mystery religions, which offered initiates salvation in the afterlife, were a matter of personal choice for an individual, practiced in addition to carrying on one's family rites and participating in public religion. The mysteries, however, involved exclusive oaths and secrecy, conditions that conservative Romans viewed with suspicion as characteristic of \"magic\", conspiratorial (coniuratio), or subversive activity. Sporadic and sometimes brutal attempts were made to suppress religionists who seemed to threaten traditional morality and unity, as with the senate's efforts to restrict the Bacchanals in 186 BC.", "title": "Religion in ancient Rome" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leaving Las Vegas is a 1995 American romantic drama film written and directed by Mike Figgis and based on the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by John O'Brien. Nicolas Cage stars as a suicidal alcoholic in Los Angeles who, divorced and recently fired, has decided to move to Las Vegas and drink himself to death. He loads a supply of liquor and beer into his BMW and gets drunk as he drives from Los Angeles to Nevada. Once there, he develops a romantic relationship with a pretty but hardened prostitute played by Elisabeth Shue, which forms the center of the film. O'Brien died by suicide after signing away the film rights to the novel.", "title": "Leaving Las Vegas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrian Mardiansyah (born November 14, 1978) is an Indonesian football player and manager who previously plays as midfielder for Persikota Tangerang, Persija Jakarta, Persib Bandung, Deltras Sidoarjo, PSIS Semarang, Persikabo Bogor, Persiba Balikpapan, Persidafon Dafonsoro and the Indonesia national team.", "title": "Andrian Mardiansyah" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The inquest into the death of Paul-Louis Halley took place in Oxford, England, in late October 2005. A jury returned a verdict of accidental death.", "title": "Paul-Louis Halley" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life ranks Egypt as the fifth worst country in the world for religious freedom. The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a bipartisan independent agency of the US government, has placed Egypt on its watch list of countries that require close monitoring due to the nature and extent of violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by the government. According to a 2010 Pew Global Attitudes survey, 84% of Egyptians polled supported the death penalty for those who leave Islam; 77% supported whippings and cutting off of hands for theft and robbery; and 82% support stoning a person who commits adultery.", "title": "Egypt" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James III of Cyprus (or Jacques III de Lusignan) (6 July 1473 – 26 August 1474) was the only child by the marriage of James II of Cyprus and Catherine Cornaro. He died in mysterious circumstances as an infant, leaving his mother as the last Queen of Cyprus. His death paved the way for Venice to gain control of Cyprus.", "title": "James III of Cyprus" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A laboratory observation of 38 mockingbird nestlings and fledglings (thirty - five and three, respectively) recorded the behavioral development of young mockingbirds. Notable milestones included the eyes opening, soft vocalizations, begging, and preening began within the first six days of life. Variation in begging and more compact movements such as perching, fear crouching, and stretching appeared by the ninth day. Wing - flashing, bathing, flight, and leaving the nest happened within seventeen days (nest leaving occurred within 11 to 13 days). Improvements of flight, walking and self - feeding took place within forty days. Agonistic behavior increased during the juvenile stages, to the extent of one of two siblings living in the same area was likely killed by the other.", "title": "Northern mockingbird" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Desire Projects were public housing facilities located in the Ninth Ward of New Orleans, Louisiana. These projects consisted of about 262 two-story brick buildings containing about 1,860 units across 98.5 acres of land. The overall conditions of the projects were deplorable from the moment they were put into place in the later part of the 1950s. The projects were meant to serve the large number of underprivileged African American residents in the New Orleans area. Soon becoming a place of despair, Desire eventually becoming a dark no-man’s land leaving many residents infested with problems with little or no help from the government. Located in a cypress swamp and dumping ground, Desire was known as the poorest housing development in New Orleans bordered by railroad tracks, the Mississippi River, the Industrial Canal and a corridor of industrial plants.", "title": "Desire Projects" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that there were two billion cases of gastroenteritis that resulted in 1.3 million deaths globally in 2015. Children and those in the developing world are most commonly affected. As of 2011, in those less than five, there were about 1.7 billion cases resulting in 0.7 million deaths, with most of these occurring in the world's poorest nations. More than 450,000 of these fatalities are due to rotavirus in children under 5 years of age. Cholera causes about three to five million cases of disease and kills approximately 100,000 people yearly. In the developing world, children less than two years of age frequently get six or more infections a year that result in significant gastroenteritis. It is less common in adults, partly due to the development of acquired immunity.In 1980, gastroenteritis from all causes caused 4.6 million deaths in children, with the majority occurring in the developing world. Death rates were reduced significantly (to approximately 1.5 million deaths annually) by the year 2000, largely due to the introduction and widespread use of oral rehydration therapy. In the US, infections causing gastroenteritis are the second most common infection (after the common cold), and they result in between 200 and 375 million cases of acute diarrhea and approximately ten thousand deaths annually, with 150 to 300 of these deaths in children less than five years of age.", "title": "Gastroenteritis" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In many countries the rate of suicide is highest in the middle-aged or elderly. The absolute number of suicides however is greatest in those between 15 and 29 years old, due to the number of people in this age group. Worldwide, the average age of suicide is between age 30 and 49 for both men and women. This means that half of people who died by suicide were approximately age 40 or younger, and half were older.In the United States the suicide death rate is greatest in Caucasian men older than 80 years, even though younger people more frequently attempt suicide. It is the second most common cause of death in adolescents and in young males is second only to accidental death. In young males in the developed world, it is the cause of nearly 30% of mortality. In the developing world rates are similar, but it makes up a smaller proportion of overall deaths due to higher rates of death from other types of trauma. In South-East Asia, in contrast to other areas of the world, deaths from suicide occur at a greater rate in young females than elderly females.", "title": "Suicide" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Psychonauts\" was the debut title for Double Fine Productions, a development studio that Tim Schafer founded after leaving LucasArts following their decision to exit the point-and-click adventure game market. Schafer's initial studio hires included several others that worked alongside him on \"Grim Fandango\".", "title": "Psychonauts" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the season progresses, Rumple's quest to reunite with her seems hopeless, until the series finale ``Leaving Storybrooke '', in which he sacrifices his heart to save the Captain Hook from the Wish Realm. Upon his death, Belle appears to him on Mount Olympus in her signature golden dress. The two embrace and dance together.", "title": "List of Once Upon a Time characters" } ]

[ "Rome", "Roma" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 109196, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Who is Malchiostro Annunciation by?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "id": 27537, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mariánská Týnice is a former pilgrimage destination in Bohemia, now the Czech Republic, with the Baroque Church of the Annunciation and the Cistercian Provost Office built by Jan Santini Aichel in the 18th century.", "title": "Mariánská Týnice" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James III of Cyprus (or Jacques III de Lusignan) (6 July 1473 – 26 August 1474) was the only child by the marriage of James II of Cyprus and Catherine Cornaro. He died in mysterious circumstances as an infant, leaving his mother as the last Queen of Cyprus. His death paved the way for Venice to gain control of Cyprus.", "title": "James III of Cyprus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Malchiostro Annunciation is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Titian, completed around 1520, and housed in the Cathedral of Treviso, northern Italy.", "title": "Malchiostro Annunciation" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bartolini Salimbeni Annunciation (Italian: \"Annunciazione Bartolini Salimbeni\") is a painting by the Italian Gothic painter Lorenzo Monaco, completed just before his death (1420–1424) and housed in the Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel of the church of Santa Trinita, Florence, Italy.", "title": "Bartolini Salimbeni Annunciation" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Folk Decorative Art Museum is one of the largest art museums in Ukraine. It is located on the grounds of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra and is housed in the former Metropolitan's residence and the adjacent Annunciation", "title": "Museum of Ukrainian folk art" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Annunziata is the Italian word for (feminine) Annunciation. It is generally understood to refer to the Virgin Mary, receiving the word of the Angel Gabriel that she is to bear the Christ child; that is, the Virgin Mary after the Annunciation. It is a common theme for iconic reverence in Roman Catholicism (see Immaculate Conception).", "title": "Annunziata" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roncalli High School is a Catholic high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is located on the south side of Indianapolis and run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Roncalli is named for Pope John XXIII, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli.", "title": "Roncalli High School (Indiana)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His strong spirit is reborn and reincarnated as a newborn Retriever puppy in 1961. Toby leaves his cage at a puppy mill and is found by two garbage men who plan to sell him for their own profit. They leave to drink and Toby is spotted locked inside their pick - up truck by a young boy named Ethan and his mother, who rescue him from the brink of death by heatstroke. After they convince Ethan's father, the dog is allowed to stay and renamed Bailey.", "title": "A Dog's Purpose (film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Annunciation of Cortona is a panel-painting altarpiece or retable by Fra Angelico: once housed in the Church of Gesù of Cortona, it is now held at the Museo Diocesano in Cortona.", "title": "Annunciation of Cortona" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Osijek () was the artillery bombardment of the Croatian city of Osijek by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) which took place from August 1991 to June 1992 during the Croatian War of Independence. Shelling peaked in late November and December 1991, then diminished in 1992 after the Vance plan was accepted by the combatants. Airstrikes and attacks by JNA infantry and armored units against targets in the city accompanied the bombardment, which caused approximately 800 deaths and resulted in a large portion of the city's population leaving. Croatian sources estimated that 6,000 artillery shells were fired against Osijek over the period.", "title": "Battle of Osijek" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an \"over-elaboration\" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. All the same, the historical and authentic tradition of Mariology in Byzantium took its historical point of departure from Sophronios, Damascene, and their imitators. The most famous Eastern Orthodox theologian to imply Mary's Immaculate Conception was St. Gregory Palamas. Though many passages from his works were long known to extol and attribute to Mary a Christlike holiness in her human nature, traditional objections to Palamas' disposition toward the Immaculate Conception typically rely on a poor understanding of his doctrine of \"the purification of Mary\" at the Annunciation. Not only did he explicitly cite St. Gregory Nazianzen for his understanding of Jesus' purification at His baptism and Mary's at the Annunciation, but Theophanes of Nicaea, Joseph Bryennius, and Gennadios Scholarios all explicitly placed Mary's Conception as the first moment of her all-immaculate participation in the divine energies to such a degree that she was always completely without spot and graced. In addition to Emperor Manuel II and Gennadius Scholarius, St. Mark of Ephesus also fervently defended Mary's title as \"prepurified\" against the Dominican, Manuel Calecas, who was perhaps promoting thomistic Mariology that denied Mary's all-holiness from the first moment of her existence.", "title": "Immaculate Conception" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Triptych of the Annunciation is a 1483 triptych by the Flemish artist known only as the Master of the Legend of Saint Ursula, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts the Annunciation on the central panel, while the surrounding panels and the outside of the wings are covered in various pairs of male saints.", "title": "Triptych of the Annunciation" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as \"God-bearer\" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm in the historic creeds that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary, and celebrates the feast days of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple. This feast is called in older prayer books the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary on February 2. The Annunciation of our Lord to the Blessed Virgin on March 25 was from before the time of Bede until the 18th century New Year's Day in England. The Annunciation is called the \"Annunciation of our Lady\" in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. Anglicans also celebrate in the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin on 31 May, though in some provinces the traditional date of July 2 is kept. The feast of the St. Mary the Virgin is observed on the traditional day of the Assumption, August 15. The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin is kept on September 8.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus is a painting by the Italian Gothic artists Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi, now housed in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. It is a wooden triptych painted in tempera and gold, with a central panel having double size. Considered Martini's masterwork and one of the most outstanding works of Gothic painting, the work was originally painted for a side altar in the Siena Cathedral.", "title": "Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The inquest into the death of Paul-Louis Halley took place in Oxford, England, in late October 2005. A jury returned a verdict of accidental death.", "title": "Paul-Louis Halley" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ecce Ancilla Domini (Latin: \"Behold the handmaiden of the Lord\"), or The Annunciation, is an oil painting by the English artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti, first painted in 1850 and now in Tate Britain in London. The Latin title is a quotation from the Vulgate text of the first chapter of the Gospel of Saint Luke, describing the Annunciation, where Mary accepts the message brought to her by the Angel Gabriel that she would give birth to a child (Jesus) by God.", "title": "Ecce Ancilla Domini" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karen's father, Dr. Paxton Page, fakes his own kidnapping and death so that he can assume the guise of the villain Death's - Head. Karen returns to her parents' home in Fagan Corners, Vermont to investigate her father's disappearance. Daredevil follows her. In the ensuing battle between Daredevil and Death's Head, Death's Head spills a vat of molten cobalt over Daredevil, but realizes that Karen is endangered. This brings him back to his senses, and he pushes Daredevil and Karen to safety. He appears to die in this act of self - sacrifice, when he is coated in the molten cobalt. After the battle with Death's Head, Daredevil reveals his true identity to Karen. She constantly fears for Matt's safety, but he can not give up fighting crime. Karen eventually leaves him and moves to California to pursue an acting career. She finds work as an actress in a daytime soap opera.", "title": "Karen Page" } ]

[ "Rome", "Roma" ]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 640171, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Blanton's >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "1970s", "id": 10972, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "E. Denise Simmons is the former mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, having served her first mayoral term during the 2008–2009 term and she was the first openly lesbian African-American mayor in the United States. The previous mayor of Cambridge, Kenneth Reeves, was the first openly gay African-American mayor in the United States. As Cambridge mayor, Simmons served as head of the city's legislative body—while the non-elected city manager serves as the city's chief executive officer.", "title": "E. Denise Simmons" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first election to not feature either of the two previous holders of the office, Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson, who had run against each other in 2008 and 2012. Johnson, as incumbent mayor, had chosen not to stand for re-election for a third term in office, having been elected as the Conservative Party MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election. The campaign was dominated by the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan, and their contrasting class and ethnic backgrounds. Through his victory, Khan became the second Labour Party Mayor of London after Livingstone, and the first Muslim mayor of a European Union capital city.", "title": "2016 London mayoral election" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mayor of the City of Jersey City is the head of the executive branch of government of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. The mayor has the duty to enforce the municipal charter and ordinances; prepare the annual budget; appoint deputy mayors, department heads, and aides; and approve or veto ordinances passed by the City Council. The mayor is popularly elected in a nonpartisan general election. The office is held for a four - year term without term limits, although the current term is a four - and - a-half - year term, due to a change in election dates.", "title": "Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto (born January 13, 1980, in Monte Santo de Minas) is a lawyer and politician of Brazil. She is affiliated with the Workers Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) (PT). She was a councilor in Patrocinio Paulista, she served for 2 terms and is currently vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista. She was the first woman to be elected vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista and the first African-Brazilian to be councilor and mayor of this town. Her mandate was the year of 2007.", "title": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayrat is a town and district of Trabzon Province, located in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Nuhoğlu (AKP).", "title": "Hayrat" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Blanton's is a brand of bourbon whiskey produced and marketed by the Sazerac Company. It is distilled in Frankfort, Kentucky at the Buffalo Trace Distillery.", "title": "Blanton's" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham.", "title": "James Hannell" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam.", "title": "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards.", "title": "Auckland" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prysmian Group is an Italian multinational corporation headquartered in Milan that manufactures electric power transmission and telecommunications cables and systems. It is the largest manufacturer of cables in the world measured by revenues.", "title": "Prysmian Group" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a result of these measures, blacks acquired the right to vote across the Southern states. In several states (notably Mississippi and South Carolina), blacks were the majority of the population. By forming coalitions with pro-Union whites, Republicans took control of the state legislatures. At the time, state legislatures elected the members of the US Senate. During Reconstruction, only the state legislature of Mississippi elected any black senators. On February 25, 1870, Hiram Rhodes Revels was seated as the first black member of the Senate, while Blanche Bruce, also of Mississippi, seated in 1875, was the second. Revels was the first black member of the Congress overall.", "title": "African Americans in the United States Congress" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.", "title": "Hardin Bigelow" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mayor \"(ordførar)\" of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. Harald Offerdal of the Labour Party was elected mayor of Balestrand for the 2011–2015 term and re-elected to the 2015-2019 term.", "title": "Balestrand" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by the current mayor, Karen Best.", "title": "Raeanne Presley" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.", "title": "Detroit" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 109185, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Who is La Schiavona by?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "id": 27537, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Osijek () was the artillery bombardment of the Croatian city of Osijek by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) which took place from August 1991 to June 1992 during the Croatian War of Independence. Shelling peaked in late November and December 1991, then diminished in 1992 after the Vance plan was accepted by the combatants. Airstrikes and attacks by JNA infantry and armored units against targets in the city accompanied the bombardment, which caused approximately 800 deaths and resulted in a large portion of the city's population leaving. Croatian sources estimated that 6,000 artillery shells were fired against Osijek over the period.", "title": "Battle of Osijek" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"La La La (Never Give It Up)\" is the debut single by Swedish singer and songwriter September. It was released on 2 June 2003 on Stockholm Records and is featured on September's self-titled debut album, released in 2004. \"La La La (Never Give It Up)\" peaked at #8 on the Swedish single chart. As of December 2007, it is ranked as #653 on Best place of all time on the Swedish charts.", "title": "La La La (Never Give It Up)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The La Cantuta massacre, in which supposed members of Sendero Luminoso, a university professor and nine students from Lima's La Cantuta University were abducted by a military death squad, took place in Peru on 18 July 1992 during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. The incident occurred two days after the Shining Path's Tarata bombing left over 40 dead in Lima Province.", "title": "La Cantuta massacre" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His strong spirit is reborn and reincarnated as a newborn Retriever puppy in 1961. Toby leaves his cage at a puppy mill and is found by two garbage men who plan to sell him for their own profit. They leave to drink and Toby is spotted locked inside their pick - up truck by a young boy named Ethan and his mother, who rescue him from the brink of death by heatstroke. After they convince Ethan's father, the dog is allowed to stay and renamed Bailey.", "title": "A Dog's Purpose (film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James III of Cyprus (or Jacques III de Lusignan) (6 July 1473 – 26 August 1474) was the only child by the marriage of James II of Cyprus and Catherine Cornaro. He died in mysterious circumstances as an infant, leaving his mother as the last Queen of Cyprus. His death paved the way for Venice to gain control of Cyprus.", "title": "James III of Cyprus" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thierry Amiel (born 18 October 1982) is a French singer and songwriter from Marseille, France. He rose to fame after coming in second place to Jonatan Cerrada on the first edition of the French 'Pop Idol', À la Recherche de la Nouvelle Star.", "title": "Thierry Amiel" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Religieuse (The Nun or \"Memoirs of a Nun\") is an 18th-century French novel by Denis Diderot. Completed in about 1780, the work was not published until 1796, after Diderot's death.", "title": "La Religieuse (novel)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Honoré or Couvent de l'Annonciation was a Dominican monastery on rue Saint-Honoré in Paris. It was on the site of what is now Place du Marché-Saint-Honoré. It is notable as the meeting place of the Jacobin Club during the French Revolution.", "title": "Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Honoré" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Lady, also known as La Schiavona (the woman from Dalmatia), is a 1510–12 portrait by Titian of an unknown woman.", "title": "La Schiavona" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leaving Las Vegas is a 1995 American romantic drama film written and directed by Mike Figgis and based on the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by John O'Brien. Nicolas Cage stars as a suicidal alcoholic in Los Angeles who, divorced and recently fired, has decided to move to Las Vegas and drink himself to death. He loads a supply of liquor and beer into his BMW and gets drunk as he drives from Los Angeles to Nevada. Once there, he develops a romantic relationship with a pretty but hardened prostitute played by Elisabeth Shue, which forms the center of the film. O'Brien died by suicide after signing away the film rights to the novel.", "title": "Leaving Las Vegas" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life ranks Egypt as the fifth worst country in the world for religious freedom. The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a bipartisan independent agency of the US government, has placed Egypt on its watch list of countries that require close monitoring due to the nature and extent of violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by the government. According to a 2010 Pew Global Attitudes survey, 84% of Egyptians polled supported the death penalty for those who leave Islam; 77% supported whippings and cutting off of hands for theft and robbery; and 82% support stoning a person who commits adultery.", "title": "Egypt" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution (``Revolution Square '', formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. The National Convention had convicted the king (17 January 1792) in a near - unanimous vote (while no one voted`` not guilty'', several deputies abstained) and condemned him to death by a simple majority.", "title": "Execution of Louis XVI" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The inquest into the death of Paul-Louis Halley took place in Oxford, England, in late October 2005. A jury returned a verdict of accidental death.", "title": "Paul-Louis Halley" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rue d'Austerlitz is a street in the 4th arrondissement of Lyon, in La Croix-Rousse quarter. It begins on the rue du Mail, at the corner of Place de la Croix-Rousse, crosses the rue du Pavilion, the rue de Belfort and the rue Aimé Boussange, and ends on Place Bellevue. Its name refers to the Battle of Austerlitz, one of the greatest victories of Napoleon. There are metro and velo'v stations.", "title": "Rue d'Austerlitz" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Planche is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. It is situated at 25 km (16 miles) south from Nantes, the prefecture of both the department and the region. The 1973 Nantes mid-air collision took place above La Planche.", "title": "La Planche" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Paz Valley is a census-designated place in La Paz County, Arizona, United States. Its population was 699 as of the 2010 census.", "title": "La Paz Valley, Arizona" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henri-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force (1582 – January 1678) was Duc de La Force and peer of France. He was the son of Marshal of France, Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force and Charlotte de Gontaut, daughter of Marshal Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron. First marquis de Castelnau, later Duc de La Force after the death of his brother, he served King Louis XIII on many occasions in the army, under his father, as Maréchal-de-camp.", "title": "Henri-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force" } ]

[ "Rome", "Roma" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 108881, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Who is the creator of The Worship of Venus?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "id": 27537, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Koothanur is a town situated in the Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The town is located at a distance of 25 kilometres from Tiruvarur. A temple for Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of learning is situated in this place. Koothanur is the only temple in Tamil Nadu for the goddess Saraswati. Saraswati is considered as the goddess of knowledge so people believe that if they worship this deity they will become good in knowledge.", "title": "Koothanur" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered by Queen Theodora in the 6th Century. According to William E. Phipps, in the book Survivals of Roman Religion \"Gordon Laing argues convincingly that the worship of Artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand Ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of Mary.\"", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roncalli High School is a Catholic high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is located on the south side of Indianapolis and run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Roncalli is named for Pope John XXIII, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli.", "title": "Roncalli High School (Indiana)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Worship of Venus is an oil on canvas painting by the Italian artist Titian completed between 1518–1519, housed at the Museo del Prado in Madrid, Spain. It describes a Roman rite of worship conducted in honour of the goddess Venus each 1 April. On this occasion, women would make offerings to representations of the goddess so as to cleanse \"every blemish on their bodies\".", "title": "The Worship of Venus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Venue planning started after Lillehammer was awarded the Olympics in 1988. In the bid, Kanthaugen had been envisaged as the site of the sliding center. In 1989, the Lillehammer Olympic Organizing Committee (LOOC) proposed that the ski jumping hill and ski stadium instead be located there. Placing venues at Kanthaugen was controversial, as it would result in permanent encroachments in the one of the town's main recreational areas. Ultimately, only the freestyle arena and ski jump were placed at Kanthaugen, with the ski stadium placed further away from town. Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena was along with Lysgårdsbakken designed by Økaw Arkitekter. The area development plan was passed in August 1991. The responsibility for construction originally rested on Lillehammer Municipality, but LOOC took over responsibility in November 1991. The decision to include aerials in the Olympic program was made in October 1992.", "title": "Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``What a Beautiful Name ''is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. It was released on 6 January 2017, as the lead single from their 25th live album, Let There Be Light (2016). The song was led and written by Brooke Ligertwood, and was co-written with Ben Fielding. It won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It is nominated for a 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance / Song.", "title": "What a Beautiful Name" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tundra Publishing was a Northampton, Massachusetts-based comic book publisher founded by Kevin Eastman in 1990. The company was founded to provide a venue for adventurous, creator-owned work by talented cartoonists and illustrators. Its publications were noted in the trade for their high production values, including glossy paper stock, full-color printing, and square binding. Tundra was one of the earlier creator-owned companies, before the formation of Image Comics and Dark Horse Comics' Legends imprint.", "title": "Tundra Publishing" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``How Great Is Our God ''is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Jesse Reeves and Ed Cash. It was originally featured on Tomlin's album Arriving, that reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart. It is also featured live on Tomlin's Live from Austin Music Hall album. As of November 2014, it also is the fifth most popular worship song today, according to CCLI's top 25 worship songs chart. It also reached No. 1 on Christian Music Weekly's 20 the Countdown Magazine's Top 20 Worship Songs Chart. The song won`` Song of the Year'' and ``Worship Song of the Year ''at the 2006 GMA Dove Awards, and`` Worship Song of the Year'' again at the 2008 GMA Dove Awards.", "title": "How Great Is Our God" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The inquest into the death of Paul-Louis Halley took place in Oxford, England, in late October 2005. A jury returned a verdict of accidental death.", "title": "Paul-Louis Halley" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Burning Fiery Furnace\" tells the story of Nebuchadnezzar (the historical Nebuchadnezzar II) and the three Israelites, Ananias, Misael and Asarias (corresponding Babylonian names: Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego), who were thrown into a furnace for their refusal to worship Nebuchadnezzar's image of gold. However, God saves them from death, as the voice of an angel joins the Israelites in a 'Benedicite'.", "title": "The Burning Fiery Furnace" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally, co-creator Sam Rolfe wanted to leave the meaning of U.N.C.L.E. ambiguous so it could refer to either ``Uncle Sam ''or the United Nations. Concerns by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer's (MGM) legal department about using`` U.N.'' for commercial purposes resulted in the producers' clarification that U.N.C.L.E. was an acronym for the United Network Command for Law and Enforcement. Each episode had an ``acknowledgement ''to the U.N.C.L.E. in the end titles.", "title": "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pioneer Venus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, launched to Venus in 1978. The program was managed by NASA's Ames Research Center.", "title": "Pioneer Venus project" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sons of Shiva is a 1985 American documentary film by ethnographic filmmaker Robert Gardner and Askos Ostor, about the worship of the God Shiva, features practices of Hindu worship and devotion, a four-day Gajan ceremony, a Sacred Thread ceremony in Bishnupur and Baul singers of Bengal. It was the first film of \"Pleasing God\" trilogy of films about Hindu worship produced by Harvard's Film Study Center. It was followed by \"Forest of Bliss\" (1986) set in Benaras (Varanasi).", "title": "Sons of Shiva" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Made to Worship\" is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Ed Cash and Stephan Sharp. It was featured on Tomlin's album \"See the Morning\". The song reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Christian Songs chart. It also stayed at No. 1 on Christian Music Weekly's \"20 The Countdown Magazine\" for sixteen consecutive weeks, and reached its top 20 worship songs of today chart at No. 20. The song was nominated for both Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year at the 2007 GMA Dove Awards, losing in both categories, with another Tomlin song, \"Holy Is the Lord\", winning Worship Song of the Year. This song is on the Digital Praise PC game Guitar Praise. In this song will also the compilation album \"WOW Hits 2008\".", "title": "Made to Worship" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Guy Chislett (born 6 April 1982) is an Australian born musician and producer. He was the lead guitarist of the rock band The Academy Is... and is currently a member of contemporary worship music band Hillsong United, a worship band from Hillsong Church.", "title": "Michael Guy Chislett" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sukkat Shalom Synagogue or Belgrade Synagogue (Serbian: Београдска синагога / Beogradska sinagoga) is currently the only fully active Jewish place of worship in Serbian capital Belgrade, as other synagogues citywide are not active. It is located in central Belgrade area, near Obilićev Venac Square and central high street Knez Mihailova.", "title": "Belgrade Synagogue" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "More than 4,400 athletes including 300 para-athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in the event. The Gambia which withdrew its membership from the Commonwealth of Nations and Commonwealth Games Federation in 2013, was readmitted on 31 March 2018 and participated in the event. With 275 sets of medals, the games featured 19 Commonwealth sports, including beach volleyball, para triathlon and women's rugby sevens. These sporting events took place at 14 venues in the host city, two venues in Brisbane and one venue each in Cairns and Townsville.", "title": "2018 Commonwealth Games" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``What a Beautiful Name ''is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. It was released on 6 January 2017, as the lead single from their 25th live album, Let There Be Light (2016). The song was led and written by Brooke Ligertwood, and was co-written with Ben Fielding.", "title": "What a Beautiful Name" } ]

[ "Rome", "Roma" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 107540, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "The Gozzi Altarpiece was made by whom?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "id": 27537, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Perugia Altarpiece (Italian: \"Pala di Perugia\") is a painting by the Italian early Renaissance painter Fra Angelico, housed in the Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria of Perugia, Italy.", "title": "Perugia Altarpiece" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Conversion of Saint Bavo is an altarpiece by Peter Paul Rubens, dated 1623–1624. It was commissioned as the high altarpiece for Sint-Baafskathedraal in Ghent by bishop Antoon Triest (1577–1657). It is still sited in the cathedral. An oil sketch for it is now in the National Gallery, London.", "title": "The Conversion of Saint Bavo" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kettleborough started his football career with Rotherham Y.M.C.A. and after a trial with Grimsby Town he turned professional with his home town club of Rotherham United, for whom he made his debut during the 1955–56 season. It took him two years to win a regular place at inside forward.", "title": "Keith Kettleborough" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patricia Gozzi (born 12 April 1950) is a French actress. She is best known for her role in \"Rapture\". \"Hung Up\" was Gozzi's final film.", "title": "Patricia Gozzi" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Altarpiece of the Halberd is a painting from around 1539 by the Italian High Renaissance painter Lorenzo Lotto. It is housed in the Pinacoteca civica Francesco Podesti of Ancona, central Italy.", "title": "Altarpiece of the Halberd" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Santa Maria in Porto Altarpiece is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Ercole de' Roberti, executed in 1479-1481 and housed in the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan, northern Italy.", "title": "Santa Maria in Porto Altarpiece" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Altarpiece of Saints Ursula, Martin and Anthony is a reredo by the Spanish late Gothic painter Gonzalo Pérez, dating to 1420 and housed in the Museu de Belles Arts of Valencia, Spain.", "title": "Altarpiece of Saints Ursula, Martin and Anthony" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Santa Lucia de' Magnoli Altarpiece (Italian: \"Pala di Santa Lucia de' Magnoli\") is a painting by the Italian painter Domenico Veneziano, dated to around 1445–1447. Once placed at the high altar of the church of Santa Lucia dei Magnoli, Florence, it is now in the Uffizi Gallery in the same city. The large panel had originally a predella, which has been divided between museums in Washington, Berlin and Cambridge.", "title": "Santa Lucia de' Magnoli Altarpiece" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ahmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': \"They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his body and leaves one of his hands free.\" Liutprand of Cremona, who was twice an envoy to the Byzantine court (949 and 968), identifies the \"Russi\" with the Norse (\"the Russi, whom we call Norsemen by another name\") but explains the name as a Greek term referring to their physical traits (\"A certain people made up of a part of the Norse, whom the Greeks call [...] the Russi on account of their physical features, we designate as Norsemen because of the location of their origin.\"). Leo the Deacon, a 10th-century Byzantine historian and chronicler, refers to the Rus' as \"Scythians\" and notes that they tended to adopt Greek rituals and customs.", "title": "Kievan Rus'" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Giobbe Altarpiece (Italian: \"Pala di San Giobbe\") is a c. 1487 oil painting by the Italian Renaissance master Giovanni Bellini, now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice.", "title": "San Giobbe Altarpiece" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Stefaneschi Altarpiece is a triptych by the Italian medieval painter Giotto, commissioned by Cardinal Giacomo Gaetani Stefaneschi to serve as an altarpiece for one of the altars of Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.", "title": "Stefaneschi Triptych" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joey King as the voice of China Girl, a young, living china doll from China Town where everything, including its inhabitants, is made of china. Her home is destroyed by Evanora, leaving her its only survivor when she is found by Oscar, with whom she forms a strong friendship after he uses glue to fix her legs. King also plays a girl in a wheelchair visiting Oscar's magic show in Kansas.", "title": "Oz the Great and Powerful" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taubischofsheim altarpiece (earlier known as the Karlsruhe altarpiece or Karlsruhe panels; German: Taubischofsheimer Altar, Karlsruher Altar, and Karlsruher Tafeln, respectively) is a late work by the German Renaissance painter Matthias Grünewald, probably completed between 1523 and 1525. The earliest written references to the work come from the 18th century, when the altarpiece was still in the Church of St. Martin in Tauberbischofsheim. Its original location and the identity of the patron who commissioned it are not known, but it is assumed that they both were in Tauberbischofsheim.", "title": "Tauberbischofsheim altarpiece" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roncalli High School is a Catholic high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is located on the south side of Indianapolis and run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Roncalli is named for Pope John XXIII, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli.", "title": "Roncalli High School (Indiana)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint Columba Altarpiece (sometimes Adoration of the Kings) is a large c. 1455 oil-on-oak wood panel altarpiece by Early Netherlandish painter Rogier van der Weyden, now in the Alte Pinakothek, Munich.", "title": "Saint Columba Altarpiece" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Gozzi Altarpiece is an oil painting by the Italian Renaissance master Titian, dating from 1520. It is located in the Pinacoteca civica Francesco Podesti in Ancona, central Italy.", "title": "Gozzi Altarpiece" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Another Earth\" was filmed in and around New Haven, Connecticut, Mike Cahill's hometown – with some scenes taking place along the West Haven shoreline and at West Haven High School and Union Station – so that he could avail himself of the services of local friends and family and thus reduce expenses. His childhood home was used as Rhoda's home and his bedroom as Rhoda's room. The scene of the car collision was made possible through the help of a local police officer with whom Cahill was acquainted, who cordoned off part of a highway late one night. The scene in which Rhoda leaves the prison facility was filmed by having Marling walk into an actual prison posing as a yoga instructor and then exiting.", "title": "Another Earth" } ]

[ "Rome", "Roma" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 109422, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Who is the creator of The Punishment of Tythus?" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "id": 27537, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In some modern day nations and regions in which Sharia law is ostensibly practiced, heresy remains an offense punishable by death. One example is the 1989 fatwa issued by the government of Iran, offering a substantial bounty for anyone who succeeds in the assassination of author Salman Rushdie, whose writings were declared as heretical.", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Punishment of Tythus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 and now in the Museo del Prado. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.", "title": "The Punishment of Tythus" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In state - run schools, and in private schools where at least part of the funding came from government, corporal punishment was outlawed by the British Parliament in 1986, following a 1982 ruling by the European Court of Human Rights that such punishment could not be administered without parental consent, and that a child's ``right to education ''could not be infringed by suspending children who, with parental approval, refused to submit to corporal punishment. In other private schools, it was banned in 1998 (England and Wales), 2000 (Scotland) and 2003 (Northern Ireland). Schools had to keep a record of punishments inflicted, and there are occasional press reports of examples of these`` punishment books'' having survived.", "title": "School corporal punishment" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The inquest into the death of Paul-Louis Halley took place in Oxford, England, in late October 2005. A jury returned a verdict of accidental death.", "title": "Paul-Louis Halley" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of November 2008, there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder. Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\" Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur. Wilbur was kidnapped and beaten in Georgia, raped in Tennessee, and murdered in Kentucky. Sears was never charged with the murder of Wilbur in Kentucky, but was sentenced to death by a jury in Georgia for \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\"", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In New Jersey and Illinois, all death row inmates had their sentences commuted to life in prison without parole when the death penalty repeal bills were signed into law. In Maryland, Governor Martin O'Malley commuted the state's four remaining death sentences to life in prison without parole in January 2015. While the bill repealing capital punishment in Connecticut was not retroactive, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled in 2015 in State v. Santiago that the legislature's decision to prospectively abolish capital punishment rendered it an offense to \"evolving standards of decency,\" thus commuting the sentences of the 11 men remaining on death row to life in prison without parole. New Mexico may yet execute two condemned inmates sentenced prior to abolition, and Nebraska has ten death row inmates who may still be executed despite abolition.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in the Republic of Ireland was abolished in statute law in 1990, having been abolished in 1964 for most offences including ordinary murder. The last to be executed was Michael Manning, hanged for murder in 1954. All subsequent death sentences, the last handed down in 1985, were commuted by the President, on the advice of the Government, to terms of imprisonment of up to 40 years. The Twenty - first Amendment of the constitution, passed by referendum in 2001, prohibits the reintroduction of the death penalty, even during a state of emergency or war. Capital punishment is also forbidden by several human rights treaties to which the state is a party.", "title": "Capital punishment in Ireland" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Punisher is a 2004 American action film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, starring Thomas Jane as the antihero Frank Castle / The Punisher and John Travolta as Howard Saint, a money launderer who orders the death of Castle's entire family.", "title": "The Punisher (2004 film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ronald Joseph Ryan (21 February 1925 -- 3 February 1967) was the last person to be legally executed in Australia. Ryan was found guilty of shooting and killing warder George Hodson during an escape from Pentridge Prison, Victoria, in 1965. Ryan's hanging was met with some of the largest public protests in the history of Australia and led to the end of capital punishment. The death penalty was abolished in 1985.", "title": "Ronald Ryan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Punishment of the Sons of Corah or Punishment of the Rebels is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli, executed in 1480–1482 in the Sistine Chapel, Rome.", "title": "Punishment of the Sons of Corah" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roncalli High School is a Catholic high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is located on the south side of Indianapolis and run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Roncalli is named for Pope John XXIII, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli.", "title": "Roncalli High School (Indiana)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (ratified in 1963; effective in 1964) prohibits any law providing for the penalty of death. Attempts to change the provision have failed. In 2004, a constitutional amendment proposed to allow capital punishment in some circumstances failed to make it on the November ballot after a resolution failed in the legislature and a public initiative failed to gather enough signatures.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laquiante, an officer of the Strasbourg criminal court, designed a beheading machine and employed Tobias Schmidt, a German engineer and harpsichord maker, to construct a prototype. Antoine Louis is also credited with the design of the prototype. The memoirs of the official executioner claim that King Louis XVI (an amateur locksmith) recommended that an oblique blade be used instead of a crescent blade, lest the blade not fit all necks (ironically, the king's own was offered up discreetly as an example). The first execution by guillotine was performed on highwayman Nicolas Jacques Pelletier on 25 April 1792. He was executed in front of what is now the city hall of Paris (Place de l'hôtel de ville). All citizens deemed guilty of a crime punishable by death were from then on executed there, until the scaffold was moved on 21 August to the Place du Carrousel.", "title": "Guillotine" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment has existed in Tennessee at various times since statehood. Before 1913 the method of execution was hanging. From 1913 to 1915 there was a hiatus on executions but they were reinstated in 1916 when electrocution became the new method. From 1972 to 1978, after the Supreme Court ruled (Furman v. Georgia) capital punishment unconstitutional, there were no further executions. Capital punishment was restarted in 1978, although those prisoners awaiting execution between 1960 and 1978 had their sentences mostly commuted to life in prison. From 1916 to 1960 the state executed 125 inmates. For a variety of reasons there were no further executions until 2000. Since 2000, Tennessee has executed six prisoners and has 73 prisoners on death row (as of April 2015).", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally, co-creator Sam Rolfe wanted to leave the meaning of U.N.C.L.E. ambiguous so it could refer to either ``Uncle Sam ''or the United Nations. Concerns by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer's (MGM) legal department about using`` U.N.'' for commercial purposes resulted in the producers' clarification that U.N.C.L.E. was an acronym for the United Network Command for Law and Enforcement. Each episode had an ``acknowledgement ''to the U.N.C.L.E. in the end titles.", "title": "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 (Act No. 33 of 1997) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that abolished judicial corporal punishment. It followed the Constitutional Court's 1995 decision in the case of S v Williams and Others that caning of juveniles was unconstitutional. Although the ruling in S v Williams was limited to the corporal punishment of males under the age of 21, Justice Langa mentioned in dicta that there was a consensus that corporal punishment of adults was also unconstitutional.", "title": "Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997" } ]

[ "Rome", "Roma" ]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 831499, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Barton Premium Blend >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "1970s", "id": 10972, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Island of Doomed Men is a black-and-white 1940 film, released by Columbia Pictures, which was directed by Charles Barton from a screenplay by Robert Hardy Andrews.", "title": "Island of Doomed Men" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam.", "title": "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fredrick Barton (aka, Rick Barton) is an American novelist and well-known New Orleans film critic. He is the author of five novels: \"The El Cholo Feeling Passes\", \"Courting Pandemonium\", \"With Extreme Prejudice\" (reissued as \"Black and White on the Rocks\"), \"A House Divided\" and \"In the Wake of the Flagship\". He has also published a book of essays on “faith, love, politics and movies” titled \"Rowing to Sweden\".", "title": "Fredrick Barton" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.", "title": "Hardin Bigelow" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Airports may also contain premium and VIP services. The premium and VIP services may include express check-in and dedicated check-in counters. These services are usually reserved for First and Business class passengers, premium frequent flyers, and members of the airline's clubs. Premium services may sometimes be open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program. This can sometimes be part of a reciprocal deal, as when multiple airlines are part of the same alliance, or as a ploy to attract premium customers away from rival airlines.", "title": "Airport" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mayor \"(ordførar)\" of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. Harald Offerdal of the Labour Party was elected mayor of Balestrand for the 2011–2015 term and re-elected to the 2015-2019 term.", "title": "Balestrand" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "E. Denise Simmons is the former mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, having served her first mayoral term during the 2008–2009 term and she was the first openly lesbian African-American mayor in the United States. The previous mayor of Cambridge, Kenneth Reeves, was the first openly gay African-American mayor in the United States. As Cambridge mayor, Simmons served as head of the city's legislative body—while the non-elected city manager serves as the city's chief executive officer.", "title": "E. Denise Simmons" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Barton Premium is a Kentucky Blended whiskey produced in Bardstown, Kentucky by the Sazerac Company at its Barton 1792 Distillery. It is sold in glass in 16 oz pint bottles, glass 750ml bottles, glass 1-liter bottles and plastic 1.75L bottles.", "title": "Barton Premium Blend" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ten High is a brand of American whiskey first introduced in the 1930s by Hiram Walker & Sons, now produced by the Barton Brands division of the Sazerac Company. The name \"Ten High\" refers to a barrel storage location at least ten ricks high, as barrels in the upper part of the aging warehouse mature faster. Although the brand name evoked this storage method, the manufacturer did not actually promise that the brand was from barrels aged in such locations.", "title": "Ten High" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John J. Barton (June 23, 1906 – May 4, 2004) served one term as mayor of Indianapolis. During his time in office, plans were made for the construction of the Indiana Convention Center. He was defeated for re-election by Indianapolis Board of School Commissioners member and future United States Senator Richard Lugar.", "title": "John J. Barton" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayrat is a town and district of Trabzon Province, located in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Nuhoğlu (AKP).", "title": "Hayrat" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Barton Government was the first federal Executive Government of the Commonwealth of Australia. It was led by Prime Minister Sir Edmund Barton, from 1 January 1901 until 24 September 1903, when Barton resigned to become one of the three founding judges of the High Court of Australia.", "title": "Barton Government" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards.", "title": "Auckland" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham.", "title": "James Hannell" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan", "title": "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 707569, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Fireball Cinnamon Whisky >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "1970s", "id": 10972, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gordon & MacPhail is an independent bottler and distiller of Scotch Whisky, founded in 1895 and located in Elgin in the north-east of Scotland. It is a family business owned by the Urquhart Family. Gordon & MacPhail is the Trading name of Speymalt Whisky Distributors Ltd.", "title": "Gordon & MacPhail" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Teacher's Highland Cream is a brand of blended Scotch whisky produced in Glasgow, Scotland, by Beam Suntory, the US-headquartered subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan. The Teacher's Highland Cream brand was registered in 1884. (The label on the bottles says \"est. 1830\", reflecting an earlier date when the founding family entered the whisky business, before the brand name was created.) Teacher's states that it uses \"fully smoked peat single malt whisky from The Ardmore distillery as its fingerprint whisky\" along with about 30 other single malt whiskies. Most of the output of the Ardmore distillery is used to produce the Teacher's brand.", "title": "Teacher's Highland Cream" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An election for Mayor of New York City was held on November 7, 2017. Bill de Blasio, the incumbent mayor, won re-election to a second term.", "title": "2017 New York City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayrat is a town and district of Trabzon Province, located in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Nuhoğlu (AKP).", "title": "Hayrat" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards.", "title": "Auckland" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan", "title": "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "English whisky is whisky produced in England. There are currently at least six distilleries producing English whisky, although there are currently 14 whisky distilleries spread across England in various stages of development. Though England is not very well known for making whisky, there were distillers previously operating in London, Liverpool and Bristol until the late 19th century, after which production of English single malt whisky ceased until 2003.", "title": "English whisky" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.", "title": "Hardin Bigelow" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Scot is a brand of Indian whisky, manufactured by Khoday India Limited (KIL), and launched in May 1968. It is a flagship brand of the company and is manufactured at their Bangalore facility. In \"Khoday Distilleries Limited vs. The Scotch Whisky Association and Others\", Peter Warren, an employee of Khoday, told the Supreme Court of India that the brand name Peter Scot was made up using his father's first name, \"Peter\", and his nationality, \"Scot\". Another factor in choosing the name was due to the British explorer, Captain Scott, and his son Peter Scott. Although the name \"Scott\" is spelt with two t's, it is phonetically the same as the word Scot. The brand's main competitors are Pernod Ricard's Blenders Pride and United Spirits Limited's Royal Challenge.", "title": "Peter Scot" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham.", "title": "James Hannell" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "E. Denise Simmons is the former mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, having served her first mayoral term during the 2008–2009 term and she was the first openly lesbian African-American mayor in the United States. The previous mayor of Cambridge, Kenneth Reeves, was the first openly gay African-American mayor in the United States. As Cambridge mayor, Simmons served as head of the city's legislative body—while the non-elected city manager serves as the city's chief executive officer.", "title": "E. Denise Simmons" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fireball Cinnamon Whisky is a mixture of whisky, cinnamon flavoring and sweeteners that is produced by the Sazerac Company. As of 2018, Fireball is among the top selling whisky brands in the United States. Its foundation is Canadian whisky, and the taste otherwise resembles the candy with a similar name, Ferrara Candy Company's \"Atomic Fireball\" candy. It is bottled at 33% alcohol by volume (66 U.S. proof).", "title": "Fireball Cinnamon Whisky" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam.", "title": "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Girvan distillery was built in 1963 with the installation of its first Coffey still in 1963, which was celebrated with their first official bottling. The reason for William Grant & Sons building the distillery was because of a quarrel between the Grant family and DCL. Under the close eye of Charles Grant Gordon, the Girvan distillery was built and producing alcohol within nine months of ground break.The company introduced its export single grain whisky, Black Barrel in 1985 to the Spain, Portugal, and Italy markets.", "title": "Girvan distillery" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Ernie K-Doe", "id": 765565, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Here Come the Girls >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 326948, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "1970s", "id": 10972, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan", "title": "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The biennial nonpartisan election for the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina was held on Tuesday, Oct. 10, 2017. As no candidate won a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff was held on November 7, 2017, as requested by the second - place finisher, Charles Francis. Incumbent Mayor Nancy McFarlane defeated Francis in the runoff, winning a fourth term in office.", "title": "2017 Raleigh mayoral election" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries.", "title": "La Rosiere de Pessac" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caucasia (1998) is the first novel written by American author, Danzy Senna. \"Caucasia\" is the coming-of-age story of Birdie Lee and her sister Cole, two multiracial girls with a white mother and black father as parents. The novel is set in Boston, Massachusetts during the turbulent mid-1970s.", "title": "Caucasia (novel)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam.", "title": "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.", "title": "Mother-in-Law Lounge" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto (born January 13, 1980, in Monte Santo de Minas) is a lawyer and politician of Brazil. She is affiliated with the Workers Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) (PT). She was a councilor in Patrocinio Paulista, she served for 2 terms and is currently vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista. She was the first woman to be elected vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista and the first African-Brazilian to be councilor and mayor of this town. Her mandate was the year of 2007.", "title": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Dunedin mayoral election was held on Saturday, 12 October 2013 and was conducted under the single transferable voting system. Dave Cull, Dunedin's 57th mayor, was re-elected after seeing off eight challengers.", "title": "2013 Dunedin mayoral election" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham.", "title": "James Hannell" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first election to not feature either of the two previous holders of the office, Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson, who had run against each other in 2008 and 2012. Johnson, as incumbent mayor, had chosen not to stand for re-election for a third term in office, having been elected as the Conservative Party MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election. The campaign was dominated by the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan, and their contrasting class and ethnic backgrounds. Through his victory, Khan became the second Labour Party Mayor of London after Livingstone, and the first Muslim mayor of a European Union capital city.", "title": "2016 London mayoral election" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by the current mayor, Karen Best.", "title": "Raeanne Presley" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.", "title": "Hardin Bigelow" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An election for Mayor of New York City was held on November 7, 2017. Bill de Blasio, the incumbent mayor, won re-election to a second term.", "title": "2017 New York City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mayor of the City of Jersey City is the head of the executive branch of government of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. The mayor has the duty to enforce the municipal charter and ordinances; prepare the annual budget; appoint deputy mayors, department heads, and aides; and approve or veto ordinances passed by the City Council. The mayor is popularly elected in a nonpartisan general election. The office is held for a four - year term without term limits, although the current term is a four - and - a-half - year term, due to a change in election dates.", "title": "Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1970. It failed to chart at that time.", "title": "Here Come the Girls (song)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mayor \"(ordførar)\" of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. Harald Offerdal of the Labour Party was elected mayor of Balestrand for the 2011–2015 term and re-elected to the 2015-2019 term.", "title": "Balestrand" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 823336, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Ten High >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "1970s", "id": 10972, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avani is a small village in Mulabaagilu taluk, Kolara district in Karnataka, India, about ten miles from Kolar Gold Fields. The village is located at 32 km from Kolara, the district centre and 13 km from Mulabaagilu, the Taluk headquarters. It is a popular location for rock climbing.", "title": "Avani, Kolar" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kapawe'no First Nation is a band government in Alberta, Canada. It is headquartered at Grouard, Alberta, which is near High Prairie.", "title": "Kapawe'no First Nation" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards.", "title": "Auckland" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham.", "title": "James Hannell" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ten High is a brand of American whiskey first introduced in the 1930s by Hiram Walker & Sons, now produced by the Barton Brands division of the Sazerac Company. The name \"Ten High\" refers to a barrel storage location at least ten ricks high, as barrels in the upper part of the aging warehouse mature faster. Although the brand name evoked this storage method, the manufacturer did not actually promise that the brand was from barrels aged in such locations.", "title": "Ten High" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Dunedin mayoral election was held on Saturday, 12 October 2013 and was conducted under the single transferable voting system. Dave Cull, Dunedin's 57th mayor, was re-elected after seeing off eight challengers.", "title": "2013 Dunedin mayoral election" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan", "title": "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An election for Mayor of New York City was held on November 7, 2017. Bill de Blasio, the incumbent mayor, won re-election to a second term.", "title": "2017 New York City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam.", "title": "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mayor \"(ordførar)\" of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. Harald Offerdal of the Labour Party was elected mayor of Balestrand for the 2011–2015 term and re-elected to the 2015-2019 term.", "title": "Balestrand" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayrat is a town and district of Trabzon Province, located in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Nuhoğlu (AKP).", "title": "Hayrat" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first election to not feature either of the two previous holders of the office, Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson, who had run against each other in 2008 and 2012. Johnson, as incumbent mayor, had chosen not to stand for re-election for a third term in office, having been elected as the Conservative Party MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election. The campaign was dominated by the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan, and their contrasting class and ethnic backgrounds. Through his victory, Khan became the second Labour Party Mayor of London after Livingstone, and the first Muslim mayor of a European Union capital city.", "title": "2016 London mayoral election" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mayor of the City of Jersey City is the head of the executive branch of government of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. The mayor has the duty to enforce the municipal charter and ordinances; prepare the annual budget; appoint deputy mayors, department heads, and aides; and approve or veto ordinances passed by the City Council. The mayor is popularly elected in a nonpartisan general election. The office is held for a four - year term without term limits, although the current term is a four - and - a-half - year term, due to a change in election dates.", "title": "Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.", "title": "Hardin Bigelow" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Stanton Moore", "id": 305282, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "III >> performer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 282081, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "1970s", "id": 10972, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto (born January 13, 1980, in Monte Santo de Minas) is a lawyer and politician of Brazil. She is affiliated with the Workers Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) (PT). She was a councilor in Patrocinio Paulista, she served for 2 terms and is currently vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista. She was the first woman to be elected vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista and the first African-Brazilian to be councilor and mayor of this town. Her mandate was the year of 2007.", "title": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Election 2 (literal title: \"Black Society: Harmony is a Virtue\"), also known as Triad Election in the United States, is a 2006 Category III Hong Kong crime film directed by Johnnie To with a large ensemble cast that includes Louis Koo, Simon Yam and Nick Cheung. A sequel to the 2005 film \"Election\", the film concludes the events of the first film centring on Lok (Yam), who this time struggles to keep his title as triad boss as a triad re-election draws near, while Jimmy (Koo) attempts to retire as a triad to become a legitimate businessman.", "title": "Election 2" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries.", "title": "La Rosiere de Pessac" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Flyin' the Koop is the second solo album by New Orleans drummer Stanton Moore. The album includes funk, rock and jazz. Moore's line-up for \"Flyin' the Koop\" is in part a combination of musicians with whom he played at a \"SuperJam\" at Tipitina's during Jazz Fest 2000.", "title": "Flyin' the Koop" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan", "title": "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "III is Stanton Moore's third studio solo album released 2006. As each of Moore's solo albums have had unique character, \"III\" features keyboardist Robert Walter and guitarist Will Bernard for a 1970s-like soul funk with a \"sense of authenticity\" as \"artists who live it.\"", "title": "III (Stanton Moore album)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Dunedin mayoral election was held on Saturday, 12 October 2013 and was conducted under the single transferable voting system. Dave Cull, Dunedin's 57th mayor, was re-elected after seeing off eight challengers.", "title": "2013 Dunedin mayoral election" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The biennial nonpartisan election for the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina was held on Tuesday, Oct. 10, 2017. As no candidate won a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff was held on November 7, 2017, as requested by the second - place finisher, Charles Francis. Incumbent Mayor Nancy McFarlane defeated Francis in the runoff, winning a fourth term in office.", "title": "2017 Raleigh mayoral election" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aylsworth Crawford Greene III (born December 21, 1952) is an American attorney, political leader and former Mayor of San Anselmo, California. Greene is noted for having successfully conducted litigation against the Church of Scientology and the Unification Church of the United States. Greene is a thrice-elected and current San Anselmo town councilman. On December 14, 2010, he was voted unanimously by the council to the position of mayor and served in that capacity until rotating out of the position in December 2011. In November, 2015 Greene won a third term on the council, which elected him that December to his second one-year term as mayor.", "title": "Ford Greene" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "E. Denise Simmons is the former mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, having served her first mayoral term during the 2008–2009 term and she was the first openly lesbian African-American mayor in the United States. The previous mayor of Cambridge, Kenneth Reeves, was the first openly gay African-American mayor in the United States. As Cambridge mayor, Simmons served as head of the city's legislative body—while the non-elected city manager serves as the city's chief executive officer.", "title": "E. Denise Simmons" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam.", "title": "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by the current mayor, Karen Best.", "title": "Raeanne Presley" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards.", "title": "Auckland" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mayor of the City of Jersey City is the head of the executive branch of government of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. The mayor has the duty to enforce the municipal charter and ordinances; prepare the annual budget; appoint deputy mayors, department heads, and aides; and approve or veto ordinances passed by the City Council. The mayor is popularly elected in a nonpartisan general election. The office is held for a four - year term without term limits, although the current term is a four - and - a-half - year term, due to a change in election dates.", "title": "Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.", "title": "Hardin Bigelow" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An election for Mayor of New York City was held on November 7, 2017. Bill de Blasio, the incumbent mayor, won re-election to a second term.", "title": "2017 New York City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 390673, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Kentucky Tavern >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "1970s", "id": 10972, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kentucky Tavern is a brand of straight bourbon whiskey produced by the Sazerac Company at the Barton Distillery located in Bardstown, Kentucky, who acquired the brand from United Distillers in 1995. The brand was originally produced and owned by the R. Monarch Distillery (RD #24, 2nd Dist.) of Owensboro, Kentucky, which entered bankruptcy in 1898 and was purchased by James Thompson in 1901 who renamed the company Glenmore Distillery Company with locations in Owensboro and Louisville, Kentucky. In 1903 The Kentucky Tavern trademark was first registered. Glenmore proved a successful and durable company, its main brand being Kentucky Tavern. It is usually produced as an 80 proof liquor, although a 100 proof is also available.", "title": "Kentucky Tavern" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam.", "title": "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mayor \"(ordførar)\" of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. Harald Offerdal of the Labour Party was elected mayor of Balestrand for the 2011–2015 term and re-elected to the 2015-2019 term.", "title": "Balestrand" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "E. Denise Simmons is the former mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, having served her first mayoral term during the 2008–2009 term and she was the first openly lesbian African-American mayor in the United States. The previous mayor of Cambridge, Kenneth Reeves, was the first openly gay African-American mayor in the United States. As Cambridge mayor, Simmons served as head of the city's legislative body—while the non-elected city manager serves as the city's chief executive officer.", "title": "E. Denise Simmons" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Tavern is a 1972 Hong Kong \"wuxia\" film directed by Teddy Yip and produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio, starring Shih Szu.", "title": "The Black Tavern" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayrat is a town and district of Trabzon Province, located in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Nuhoğlu (AKP).", "title": "Hayrat" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pine Mountain State Resort Park is a Kentucky state park located in Bell County, Kentucky, United States. The park opened in 1924 as Kentucky's first state park. Each spring, the park hosts the annual Kentucky Mountain Laurel Festival, as it has since 1933. A portion of the park is also a legally dedicated nature preserve by the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves.", "title": "Pine Mountain State Resort Park" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Dunedin mayoral election was held on Saturday, 12 October 2013 and was conducted under the single transferable voting system. Dave Cull, Dunedin's 57th mayor, was re-elected after seeing off eight challengers.", "title": "2013 Dunedin mayoral election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by the current mayor, Karen Best.", "title": "Raeanne Presley" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.", "title": "Hardin Bigelow" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham.", "title": "James Hannell" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan", "title": "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto (born January 13, 1980, in Monte Santo de Minas) is a lawyer and politician of Brazil. She is affiliated with the Workers Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) (PT). She was a councilor in Patrocinio Paulista, she served for 2 terms and is currently vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista. She was the first woman to be elected vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista and the first African-Brazilian to be councilor and mayor of this town. Her mandate was the year of 2007.", "title": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first election to not feature either of the two previous holders of the office, Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson, who had run against each other in 2008 and 2012. Johnson, as incumbent mayor, had chosen not to stand for re-election for a third term in office, having been elected as the Conservative Party MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election. The campaign was dominated by the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan, and their contrasting class and ethnic backgrounds. Through his victory, Khan became the second Labour Party Mayor of London after Livingstone, and the first Muslim mayor of a European Union capital city.", "title": "2016 London mayoral election" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Sazerac Company", "id": 786067, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "McAfee's Benchmark >> manufacturer" }, { "answer": "New Orleans", "id": 228453, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "1970s", "id": 10972, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.", "title": "Hardin Bigelow" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a result of these measures, blacks acquired the right to vote across the Southern states. In several states (notably Mississippi and South Carolina), blacks were the majority of the population. By forming coalitions with pro-Union whites, Republicans took control of the state legislatures. At the time, state legislatures elected the members of the US Senate. During Reconstruction, only the state legislature of Mississippi elected any black senators. On February 25, 1870, Hiram Rhodes Revels was seated as the first black member of the Senate, while Blanche Bruce, also of Mississippi, seated in 1875, was the second. Revels was the first black member of the Congress overall.", "title": "African Americans in the United States Congress" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham.", "title": "James Hannell" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Dunedin mayoral election was held on Saturday, 12 October 2013 and was conducted under the single transferable voting system. Dave Cull, Dunedin's 57th mayor, was re-elected after seeing off eight challengers.", "title": "2013 Dunedin mayoral election" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first election to not feature either of the two previous holders of the office, Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson, who had run against each other in 2008 and 2012. Johnson, as incumbent mayor, had chosen not to stand for re-election for a third term in office, having been elected as the Conservative Party MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election. The campaign was dominated by the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan, and their contrasting class and ethnic backgrounds. Through his victory, Khan became the second Labour Party Mayor of London after Livingstone, and the first Muslim mayor of a European Union capital city.", "title": "2016 London mayoral election" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayrat is a town and district of Trabzon Province, located in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Nuhoğlu (AKP).", "title": "Hayrat" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "E. Denise Simmons is the former mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, having served her first mayoral term during the 2008–2009 term and she was the first openly lesbian African-American mayor in the United States. The previous mayor of Cambridge, Kenneth Reeves, was the first openly gay African-American mayor in the United States. As Cambridge mayor, Simmons served as head of the city's legislative body—while the non-elected city manager serves as the city's chief executive officer.", "title": "E. Denise Simmons" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An election for Mayor of New York City was held on November 7, 2017. Bill de Blasio, the incumbent mayor, won re-election to a second term.", "title": "2017 New York City mayoral election" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto (born January 13, 1980, in Monte Santo de Minas) is a lawyer and politician of Brazil. She is affiliated with the Workers Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) (PT). She was a councilor in Patrocinio Paulista, she served for 2 terms and is currently vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista. She was the first woman to be elected vice mayor of Patrocinio Paulista and the first African-Brazilian to be councilor and mayor of this town. Her mandate was the year of 2007.", "title": "Néria Lúcio Buzatto" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan", "title": "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by the current mayor, Karen Best.", "title": "Raeanne Presley" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of", "title": "Sazerac" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mayor \"(ordførar)\" of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. Harald Offerdal of the Labour Party was elected mayor of Balestrand for the 2011–2015 term and re-elected to the 2015-2019 term.", "title": "Balestrand" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2011, the Oregon Legislature approved House Bill 2634, legislation making the Citizens' Initiative Review a permanent part of Oregon elections. This marked the first time a legislature has made voter deliberation a formalized part of the election process. The CIR is a benchmark in the initiative reform and public engagement fields.", "title": "Initiatives and referendums in the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "McAfee's Benchmark is a brand of Kentucky Straight Bourbon Whiskey produced by the Sazerac Company at its Buffalo Trace Distillery in Frankfort, Kentucky. The full name of the brand that appears on the bottle is \"McAfee's Benchmark Old No. 8 Brand\" (with \"Benchmark\" rendered in much larger letters than the rest). The primary brand expression is an 80 U.S. proof (40% alcohol by volume) bourbon aged \"at least 36 months\" according to its label.", "title": "McAfee's Benchmark" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards.", "title": "Auckland" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Luigi Nono", "id": 222497, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Al gran sole carico d'amore >> composer" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 309482, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "#1 >> work location" }, { "answer": "Rialto Bridge", "id": 80702, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "what is the name of the famous bridge in #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in the 12th century, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city.", "title": "Rialto Bridge" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Batman Bridge is a modern bridge spanning the Tamar River in the north of the Australian state of Tasmania. The bridge is on the Batman Highway connecting the West Tamar Highway (state route A7) to the East Tamar Highway (state route A8). The eastern end of the bridge is located at Whirlpool Reach, George Town and the western end is about halfway between Kayena and Deviot, Tasmania. The bridge overlooks the Deviot Sailing Club and is named after John Batman, Launceston businessman and co-founder of Melbourne.", "title": "Batman Bridge" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abu al-Waleed Ahmad Ibn Zaydún al-Makhzumi (1003–1071) or simply known as Ibn Zaydún (Arabic full name,أبو الوليد أحمد بن زيدون المخزومي) or Abenzaidún according to Christian sources was a famous Arab poet of Cordoba and Seville. He was considered the greatest neoclassical poet of al-Andalus.", "title": "Ibn Zaydún" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trigger Happy! is the sole album led by American jazz double bassist Trigger Alpert which was recorded in 1956 for the Riverside label. The album was also issued under Zoot Sims Al Cohn and Tony Scott's names as East Coast Sounds.", "title": "Trigger Happy!" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alf Heiberg Clausen (born March 28, 1941) is an American film and television composer. He is best known for his work scoring many episodes of \"The Simpsons\", of which he had been the sole composer between 1990 and 2017. Clausen has scored or orchestrated music for more than 30 films and television shows, including \"Moonlighting\", \"The Naked Gun\", \"ALF\" and \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\". Clausen received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from the prestigious Berklee College of Music in 1996.", "title": "Alf Clausen" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Al gran sole carico d'amore (\"In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love\") is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s.", "title": "Al gran sole carico d'amore" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dhanushkodi Tirtham is one of the Tirthas in the island of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India. This is located beside the ghost town of Dhanushkodi at the easternmost tip of Rameswaram Island. Rama used his bow's (Dhanush) end (Kodi) to break the bridge - Adam's Bridge (hence the name). This bridge was used for his army to cross over to Lanka for the victorious war against Ravana.", "title": "Dhanushkodi Tirtham" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Governor's Bridge is a bridge and small neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located to the east of Rosedale and Moore Park, and like them is one of the most expensive in Toronto. Unlike them it was part of the former city of East York. The neighbourhood is named for the Governor's Bridge that crosses the Moore Park Ravine from Douglas Crescent to Astley Avenue and connects the area to Rosedale. The bridge was built in 1923 and restored in 2000.", "title": "Governor's Bridge, Toronto" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis van Waefelghem (13 January 1840 in Bruges – 19 June 1908 in Paris) was a Belgian violinist, violist and one of the greatest viola d'amore players of the 19th century. He also composed several works and made transcriptions for viola and viola d'amore.", "title": "Louis van Waefelghem" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abu al-Fadl Abbas Ibn al-Ahnaf, (750 in Basra-809), Arabic, عباس بن الأحنف, was an Arab Abbasid poet from the clan of Hanifa. His work consists solely of love poems (ghazal). It is \"primarily concerned with the hopelessness of love, and the personae in his compositions seems resigned to a relationship of deprivation\". The vocabulary he chose was simple and his style is fluent and easy.", "title": "Abbas Ibn al-Ahnaf" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luna is a village in Rajasthan, India, famous as the birthplace of Mehdi Hassan. It is a panchayat village in AlsisarTehseel of Jhunjhunu District.", "title": "Luna, Rajasthan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1972 Tolib Shakhidi graduated from the Moscow Conservatory from the class of Aram Khachaturian. 'Tolib, your time is precious,' wrote the famous master on Shakhidi's graduation photograph – and since then, this has become the composer's fundamental belief both in life and in his creative work.", "title": "Tolib Shakhidi" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gustav Hollaender (15 February 1855 in Leobschütz – 4 December 1915 in Berlin) was a German violinist, conductor and composer. He composed many violin works including violin concerti. He was uncle of the more famous film composer Friedrich Hollaender.(See \"Great Jews in Music\" by Darryl Lyman).", "title": "Gustav Hollaender" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He studied under Giacomo Favretto, Alessandro Milesi, and Luigi Nono at the Academy of Fine Arts in his native Venice. In 1873, he exhibited in Venice: \"Né sposo né figlio\" and \"Scena famigliare\". In 1877 at Paris, \"Les saltimbanques\" and \"Les pingeons de Saint Marc\". He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are \"Le rondini\", exhibited at 1880 at Turin; \"Una calle\", exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: \"Mercante di ventagli\"; \"At the Predica\", \"Half-figure of a Girl\"; and \"Popolana\". In 1883 in Rome, exhibited: \"The Lovers\". He painted \"Love Letter\", \"Una fuga nel 1700\"; and \"The Dockside of San Marco\". He sent to Paris in 1877-1878, the paintings: \"Pigeons of St Mark\", \"El-Mazrama\" (Mouchoir of the Sultan), \"Los Saltimbanques\", and \"A venetian - A Daughter of the People\".", "title": "Alessandro Zezzos" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Szabadság híd (in English: Liberty Bridge or Freedom Bridge) in Budapest, Hungary, connects Buda and Pest across the River Danube. It is the third southernmost public road bridge in Budapest, located at the southern end of the City Centre. It was originally named Ferenc József híd (Franz Joseph Bridge).", "title": "Liberty Bridge (Budapest)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mezzanotte d'amore (Italian for \"Midnight of love\") is a 1970 Italian musicarello film directed by Ettore Maria Fizzarotti and starring Al Bano and Romina Power. It is the sequel of \"Il suo nome è Donna Rosa\".", "title": "Mezzanotte d'amore" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parlami d'amore (English: Speak to me of love) is a 2008 Italo-Spanish film directed by Silvio Muccino. The film is based on Muccino's novel of the same name that he co-wrote with Carla Vangelista. The film was nominated for 8 David di Donatello awards. The film was released in Italy on 14 February 2008.", "title": "Parlami d'amore" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dave and Lynn Frohnmayer Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridge, formerly and still informally known as the Autzen Footbridge, is a bicycle and pedestrian bridge across the Willamette River, located in Eugene, Oregon, in the United States. Named after former University of Oregon president David B. Frohnmayer, the bridge connects Alton Baker Park and Autzen Stadium.", "title": "Dave and Lynn Frohnmayer Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridge" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Carnival of Las Palmas (also Carnival of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) is one of the most famous Carnivals in Spain. The event is held each February and hosted by Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Events include the Queen Gala and Draq Queen Gala. The main parade, or \"Cabalgata\", is viewed by 200,000 people every year along with its six kilometer route across the city.", "title": "Carnival of Las Palmas" } ]

[ "Ponte di Rialto" ]

[ { "answer": "Antonio Vivaldi", "id": 801799, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "La fida ninfa >> composer" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 547811, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "Rialto Bridge", "id": 80702, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "what is the name of the famous bridge in #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in the 12th century, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city.", "title": "Rialto Bridge" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "La fida ninfa (\"The Faithful Nymph\") is an opera by Antonio Vivaldi to a libretto by Scipione Maffei. The opera was first performed for the opening of the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona on 6 January 1732. Among the arias is \"Alma oppressa de sorte crudele\" (\"Soul oppressed by cruel fate\").", "title": "La fida ninfa" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Royal Albert Bridge was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Surveying started in 1848 and construction commenced in 1854. The first main span was positioned in 1857 and the completed bridge was opened by Prince Albert on 2 May 1859. Brunel died later that year and his name was then placed above the portals at either end of the bridge as a memorial. Work was carried out during the twentieth century to replace the approach spans and strengthen the main spans. It has attracted sightseers since its construction and has appeared in many paintings, photographs, guidebooks, postage stamps and on the UK £2 coin. Anniversary celebrations took place in 1959 and 2009.", "title": "Royal Albert Bridge" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ducharme Bridge (French: \"Pont Ducharme\") is a covered bridge with a lattice truss structure, which crosses the Bostonnais River in the center of La Bostonnais, Quebec. The bridge was built in 1946 and it is long. It was classified as a historic monument in 2006, because it was a late example of an elaborated town bridge, a truss developed by the Departement of colonization of Quebec at the turn of the 20th century. It was named after Romulus Ducharme, MLA of Laviolette in 1936-1939 and 1944-1966.", "title": "Ducharme Bridge" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steven Gerrard MBE Gerrard lining up for England at UEFA Euro 2012 Full name Steven George Gerrard Date of birth (1980 - 05 - 30) 30 May 1980 (age 37) Place of birth Whiston, England Height 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Playing position Midfielder Youth career 1989 -- 1998 Liverpool Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1998 -- 2015 Liverpool 504 (120) 2015 -- 2016 LA Galaxy 34 (5) Total 538 (125) National team 1999 -- 2000 England U21 (1) 2000 -- 2014 England 114 (21) Teams managed 2017 -- Liverpool U18s * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only.", "title": "Steven Gerrard" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries.", "title": "La Rosiere de Pessac" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Orlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.", "title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caesars Palace 2000 is a gambling simulation video game developed by Runecraft and published by Interplay Entertainment. It was released in North America and Europe in June 2000 for the PlayStation, Dreamcast and Microsoft Windows' PCs. It is named after the famous Caesars Palace luxury hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "title": "Caesars Palace 2000" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kimeru (most often written either in Romaji (Kimeru) or with Katakana (キメル), but has been written as きめる (Hiragana) and (決める) (Kanji), born June 17, 1980) is a Japanese pop musician, singer, and stage actor. He is most famous for his work with \"The Prince of Tennis\". He adopted the stage name Kimeru, which means \"\"to decide\"\" in Japanese, before debuting. Kimeru's birth name has never been announced publicly.", "title": "Kimeru" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bulkeley Bridge (also known as Hartford Bridge, Bridge No. 980A) is the oldest of three highway bridges over the Connecticut River in Hartford, Connecticut. A stone arch bridge composed of nine spans, the bridge carries Interstate 84, U.S. Route 6, and U.S. Route 44 across the river, connecting Hartford to East Hartford. As of 2005 the bridge carried an average daily traffic of 142,500 cars. The arches are mounted on stone piers, and vary in length from to ; the total length of the bridge is .", "title": "Bulkeley Bridge" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Winter (baptized 28 August 1754 – 17 October 1825) was a German opera composer who followed Mozart and preceded Weber, acting as a bridge between the two in the development of German opera. (His name is sometimes given as Peter von Winter.)", "title": "Peter Winter" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rajashri (Telugu: రాజశ్రీ) (31 August 1934 – 14 August 1994) was a famous dialogue and lyrics writer and Music director in Telugu cinema industry. His birth name is Indukuri Ramakrishnam Raju (ఇందుకూరి రామకృష్ణంరాజు). He has worked with nearly 1000 films, a majority of them are dubbing films. He was aptly called \"Anuvaada Brahma\".", "title": "Rajashri" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Confederation Bridge (French: Pont de la Confédération) spans the Abegweit Passage of Northumberland Strait. It links Prince Edward Island with mainland New Brunswick, Canada. Before its official naming, Prince Edward Islanders often referred to the bridge as the ``Fixed Link ''. Construction took place from October 1993 to May 1997 and cost C $1.3 billion. The 12.9 - kilometre (8 mi) bridge opened on May 31, 1997.", "title": "Confederation Bridge" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Warren Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that crosses the Mad River in Warren, Vermont on Covered Bridge Road. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.", "title": "Warren Covered Bridge" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rue d'Austerlitz is a street in the 4th arrondissement of Lyon, in La Croix-Rousse quarter. It begins on the rue du Mail, at the corner of Place de la Croix-Rousse, crosses the rue du Pavilion, the rue de Belfort and the rue Aimé Boussange, and ends on Place Bellevue. Its name refers to the Battle of Austerlitz, one of the greatest victories of Napoleon. There are metro and velo'v stations.", "title": "Rue d'Austerlitz" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Luis Bridge, also known as State Bridge or Bridge over Culebra Creek, is a historic open spandrel arch bridge that crosses Culebra Creek in San Luis, Colorado. It was built in 1911 as a road bridge, but now serves pedestrian traffic. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "San Luis Bridge" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Assut de l'Or Bridge (Valencian: \"Pont de l'Assut de l'Or\", Spanish: \"Puente de la Presa del Oro\") is a white single-pylon cable-stayed bridge in Valencia, Spain designed by Valencian architect and civil engineer Santiago Calatrava and completed in December 2008. The name \"l'Assut de l'Or\" is Valencian for \"the Dam of the Gold\" and refers to a dam that was located nearby, although locally it is referred to as \"El Jamonero\" (The Ham Holder) or \"Pont de l'Arpa\", Spanish: \"Puente del Arpa\" (The Harp Bridge). Calatrava called it the Serreria Bridge.", "title": "Assut de l'Or Bridge" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Violetta (minor planet designation: 557 Violetta) is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf on 26 January 1905 in Heidelberg. In light of M. F. Wolf's penchant ca. 1905 for naming asteroids after operatic heroines, it is likely that 557 Violetta is named after the protagonist of Giuseppe Verdi's famous opera \"La Traviata\".", "title": "557 Violetta" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dufferin Street bridges are two inter-connected vehicular bridges in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The bridges carry Dufferin Street over a railway corridor and the Gardiner Expressway to Exhibition Place. The bridges closed to vehicular traffic in 2013. Temporary structures, namely Bailey bridges over the railway tracks, will be built in 2013-2014 to allow a resumption of traffic in early 2014. Beginning in 2016 the bridges will be completely rebuilt to allow more tracks to cross underneath and create a single span to the CNE grounds. As of March 2019 the spans over the Gardiner Expressway remain in place and the bailey bridges replacing the older outer pedestrian bridges of the northern span with the inner vehicular steel plate box girder bridge still in place.", "title": "Dufferin Street bridges" } ]

[ "Ponte di Rialto" ]

[ { "answer": "Luigi Nono", "id": 222497, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Al gran sole carico d'amore >> composer" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 309482, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "#1 >> work location" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Egypt bus accident occurred on 21 March 2015 when a bus fell off a bridge near Giza in Egypt. It plunged into a canal, killing at least 35, many of whom worked for a private construction company.", "title": "2015 Egypt bus accident" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis van Waefelghem (13 January 1840 in Bruges – 19 June 1908 in Paris) was a Belgian violinist, violist and one of the greatest viola d'amore players of the 19th century. He also composed several works and made transcriptions for viola and viola d'amore.", "title": "Louis van Waefelghem" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gustav Hollaender (15 February 1855 in Leobschütz – 4 December 1915 in Berlin) was a German violinist, conductor and composer. He composed many violin works including violin concerti. He was uncle of the more famous film composer Friedrich Hollaender.(See \"Great Jews in Music\" by Darryl Lyman).", "title": "Gustav Hollaender" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other forms of plague have been implicated by modern scientists. The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30–75% and symptoms including fever of 38–41 °C (100–106 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Left untreated, of those that contract the bubonic plague, 80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent. Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches (purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation). In cases of pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague, the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medical knowledge had stagnated during the Middle Ages. The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a \"great pestilence in the air\". This report became the first and most widely circulated of a series of plague tracts that sought to give advice to sufferers. That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory. The word 'plague' had no special significance at this time, and only the recurrence of outbreaks during the Middle Ages gave it the name that has become the medical term.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Due to climate change in Asia, rodents began to flee the dried out grasslands to more populated areas, spreading the disease. Nestorian graves dating to 1338 -- 1339 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th - century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s, a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abu al-Fadl Abbas Ibn al-Ahnaf, (750 in Basra-809), Arabic, عباس بن الأحنف, was an Arab Abbasid poet from the clan of Hanifa. His work consists solely of love poems (ghazal). It is \"primarily concerned with the hopelessness of love, and the personae in his compositions seems resigned to a relationship of deprivation\". The vocabulary he chose was simple and his style is fluent and easy.", "title": "Abbas Ibn al-Ahnaf" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mezzanotte d'amore (Italian for \"Midnight of love\") is a 1970 Italian musicarello film directed by Ettore Maria Fizzarotti and starring Al Bano and Romina Power. It is the sequel of \"Il suo nome è Donna Rosa\".", "title": "Mezzanotte d'amore" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alf Heiberg Clausen (born March 28, 1941) is an American film and television composer. He is best known for his work scoring many episodes of \"The Simpsons\", of which he had been the sole composer between 1990 and 2017. Clausen has scored or orchestrated music for more than 30 films and television shows, including \"Moonlighting\", \"The Naked Gun\", \"ALF\" and \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\". Clausen received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from the prestigious Berklee College of Music in 1996.", "title": "Alf Clausen" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muhammad Amin Ibn Abidin (1198–1252 AH / 1783–1836 AD) also known as Imam Ibn Abidin ash-shami was a prominent Islamic scholar and Jurist who lived in the city of Damascus in Syria during the Ottoman era. He was the authority of the fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) of the Hanafi madhhab (school of law). He was a state employee with the title of Amin al-fatwa. This meant that he was the mufti that people would go to when they had legal questions in Damascus. He composed over 50 works consisting of a major fatwa (legal statement) collection, many treatises, poems, and several commentaries on the works of others.", "title": "Ibn Abidin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Grans Brewery (Grans Bryggeri AS) is a brewery founded in 1899 in Sandefjord, Norway. The bane was \"Sandefjord Bryggeri og Mineralvandfabrik A/S\" until 1965. After two generations of Guttorm Gran (senior and junior) in the management, Trygve Christophersen was employed as CEO in 2001.", "title": "Grans Brewery" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Al gran sole carico d'amore (\"In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love\") is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s.", "title": "Al gran sole carico d'amore" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman al-Jazuli al-Tamanarti al-Mghafri (died 1070 AH, 1659/60 AD) was a qadi of the Moroccan town Taroudannt and grand qadi of the Sous area. He is the author of \" Fawaid al Jamma bi Isnadi Ouloumi al Oumma\", an autobiographical work of great historical value that also includes biographies of his instructors. Appended to this work is a chapter about dreams, \"Bab al-rabi\".", "title": "Abd al-Rahman al-Tamanarti" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He studied under Giacomo Favretto, Alessandro Milesi, and Luigi Nono at the Academy of Fine Arts in his native Venice. In 1873, he exhibited in Venice: \"Né sposo né figlio\" and \"Scena famigliare\". In 1877 at Paris, \"Les saltimbanques\" and \"Les pingeons de Saint Marc\". He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are \"Le rondini\", exhibited at 1880 at Turin; \"Una calle\", exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: \"Mercante di ventagli\"; \"At the Predica\", \"Half-figure of a Girl\"; and \"Popolana\". In 1883 in Rome, exhibited: \"The Lovers\". He painted \"Love Letter\", \"Una fuga nel 1700\"; and \"The Dockside of San Marco\". He sent to Paris in 1877-1878, the paintings: \"Pigeons of St Mark\", \"El-Mazrama\" (Mouchoir of the Sultan), \"Los Saltimbanques\", and \"A venetian - A Daughter of the People\".", "title": "Alessandro Zezzos" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations. In 1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death have been taken up by a number of authors, including Samuel K. Cohn, Jr. (2002), David Herlihy (1997), and Susan Scott and Christopher Duncan (2001).", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague.", "title": "Christian Ackermann" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trigger Happy! is the sole album led by American jazz double bassist Trigger Alpert which was recorded in 1956 for the Riverside label. The album was also issued under Zoot Sims Al Cohn and Tony Scott's names as East Coast Sounds.", "title": "Trigger Happy!" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 844109, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "The Entombment >> creator" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague.", "title": "Christian Ackermann" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620–21, and again in 1654–57, 1665, 1691, and 1740–42. Plague remained a major event in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century. Between 1701 and 1750, thirty-seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople, and an additional thirty-one between 1751 and 1800. Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague, and sometimes two-thirds of its population has been wiped out.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Entombment is a 1559 painting by Titian, commissioned by Philip II of Spain. In this painting, Tizian uses the mature style characterized by the use of broad brushwork and brilliant colours. The figure holding Christ body is Nicodemus, the Jewish elder that secretly visited Jesus at night to learn about his teachings. The figure of Nicodemus bears the traits of the artist himself. This could have been inspired by Michelangelo's idea in his unfinished Pietà from 1550, depicting himself as Nicodemus, supporting the body of Christ displayed in the Cathedral in Florence. The stone sarcophagus where Christ body is placed is decorated with depictions of Cain and Abel and the Sacrifice of Isaac - themes that according to the Christian faith predicted the sacrifice of Jesus.", "title": "The Entombment (Titian, 1559)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wolverine Blues is the third studio album by Swedish death metal band Entombed, released on October 4, 1993 by Earache Records. The album displays a completely different sound from previous releases, combining elements of hard rock, heavy metal, and hardcore punk while still retaining much of their traditional, death metal roots, in a style that would later be known as death 'n' roll. The band also adopted a mid-tempo groove metal style for this release, similar to that of American heavy metal band Pantera.", "title": "Wolverine Blues" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations. In 1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death have been taken up by a number of authors, including Samuel K. Cohn, Jr. (2002), David Herlihy (1997), and Susan Scott and Christopher Duncan (2001).", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medical knowledge had stagnated during the Middle Ages. The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a \"great pestilence in the air\". This report became the first and most widely circulated of a series of plague tracts that sought to give advice to sufferers. That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory. The word 'plague' had no special significance at this time, and only the recurrence of outbreaks during the Middle Ages gave it the name that has become the medical term.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Elazığ earthquake was a 6.1 M earthquake that occurred on 8 March 2010 at 02:32 UTC (04:32 local time). The epicentre was Başyurt in Elazığ Province, in eastern Turkey. Initial reports in global media said as many as 57 people had died. By 10 March, reports in the Turkish media placed the death toll at 41 and later, the death toll rose to 42. Another 74 were injured, many after falling and jumping from buildings. A stampede through the streets led to further injuries.", "title": "2010 Elazığ earthquake" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other forms of plague have been implicated by modern scientists. The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30–75% and symptoms including fever of 38–41 °C (100–106 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Left untreated, of those that contract the bubonic plague, 80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent. Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches (purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation). In cases of pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague, the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes.", "title": "Black Death" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 593288, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Violante >> creator" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Violante is an oil painting attributed to Titian, dated to around 1515 and now held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.", "title": "Violante (Titian)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations. In 1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death have been taken up by a number of authors, including Samuel K. Cohn, Jr. (2002), David Herlihy (1997), and Susan Scott and Christopher Duncan (2001).", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Elazığ earthquake was a 6.1 M earthquake that occurred on 8 March 2010 at 02:32 UTC (04:32 local time). The epicentre was Başyurt in Elazığ Province, in eastern Turkey. Initial reports in global media said as many as 57 people had died. By 10 March, reports in the Turkish media placed the death toll at 41 and later, the death toll rose to 42. Another 74 were injured, many after falling and jumping from buildings. A stampede through the streets led to further injuries.", "title": "2010 Elazığ earthquake" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620–21, and again in 1654–57, 1665, 1691, and 1740–42. Plague remained a major event in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century. Between 1701 and 1750, thirty-seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople, and an additional thirty-one between 1751 and 1800. Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague, and sometimes two-thirds of its population has been wiped out.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague.", "title": "Christian Ackermann" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other forms of plague have been implicated by modern scientists. The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30–75% and symptoms including fever of 38–41 °C (100–106 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Left untreated, of those that contract the bubonic plague, 80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent. Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches (purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation). In cases of pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague, the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medical knowledge had stagnated during the Middle Ages. The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a \"great pestilence in the air\". This report became the first and most widely circulated of a series of plague tracts that sought to give advice to sufferers. That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory. The word 'plague' had no special significance at this time, and only the recurrence of outbreaks during the Middle Ages gave it the name that has become the medical term.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the onset of clinical death, consciousness is lost within several seconds. Measurable brain activity stops within 20 to 40 seconds. Irregular gasping may occur during this early time period, and is sometimes mistaken by rescuers as a sign that CPR is not necessary. During clinical death, all tissues and organs in the body steadily accumulate a type of injury called ischemic injury.", "title": "Clinical death" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede occurred as crowds departed a New Year's Eve fireworks display in the early hours of 1 January 2013 near the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It resulted in 61 deaths and over 200 injuries, mostly women and children. This was the second time in four years that a fatal stampede occurred at the stadium.", "title": "2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Antonio Vivaldi", "id": 178435, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Gloria in D Major >> composer" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 547811, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "Rialto Bridge", "id": 80702, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "what is the name of the famous bridge in #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dufferin Street bridges are two inter-connected vehicular bridges in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The bridges carry Dufferin Street over a railway corridor and the Gardiner Expressway to Exhibition Place. The bridges closed to vehicular traffic in 2013. Temporary structures, namely Bailey bridges over the railway tracks, will be built in 2013-2014 to allow a resumption of traffic in early 2014. Beginning in 2016 the bridges will be completely rebuilt to allow more tracks to cross underneath and create a single span to the CNE grounds. As of March 2019 the spans over the Gardiner Expressway remain in place and the bailey bridges replacing the older outer pedestrian bridges of the northern span with the inner vehicular steel plate box girder bridge still in place.", "title": "Dufferin Street bridges" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Orlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.", "title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Antonio Vivaldi wrote at least three settings of the hymn Gloria in excelsis Deo, whose words date probably from the 4th Century and which is an integral part of the Ordinary of the Mass. Two survive: RV 588 and RV 589. A third, RV 590, is mentioned only in the Kreuzherren catalogue and presumed lost. The RV 589 Gloria is a familiar and popular piece among sacred works by Vivaldi. It was probably written at about the same time as the RV 588, possibly in 1715.", "title": "Gloria (Vivaldi)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Calvin Coolidge Memorial Bridge is a major crossing of the Connecticut River in western Massachusetts, connecting the towns of Northampton and Hadley. The bridge carries Route 9 across the river, where it connects to Interstate 91. The bridge is a major bottleneck in Hampshire County—the only major hospital in the county, Cooley-Dickinson, is located in Northampton on the western side of the bridge. The road approaching the bridge is known as Bridge St. in Northampton (eastbound) and Russell St. in Hadley (westbound).", "title": "Calvin Coolidge Bridge" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dvořák Ice Rise () is an ice rise in extent, rising above the ice of Mendelssohn Inlet in the southwest part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first mapped, from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Antonín Dvořák, the Czech composer. (1841-1904).", "title": "Dvořák Ice Rise" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).", "title": "Mandolin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darker than Amber (1966) is the seventh novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot begins when McGee and his close friend Meyer are fishing underneath a bridge and a young woman, bound and weighted, is thrown over the bridge. It was adapted into a 1970 film of the same name.", "title": "Darker than Amber" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rajashri (Telugu: రాజశ్రీ) (31 August 1934 – 14 August 1994) was a famous dialogue and lyrics writer and Music director in Telugu cinema industry. His birth name is Indukuri Ramakrishnam Raju (ఇందుకూరి రామకృష్ణంరాజు). He has worked with nearly 1000 films, a majority of them are dubbing films. He was aptly called \"Anuvaada Brahma\".", "title": "Rajashri" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Debussy Heights is a minor mountain range rising to (at Ravel Peak) east of Mozart Ice Piedmont in the north part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature was first spotted and mapped, from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Claude Debussy, the French composer (1862-1918).", "title": "Debussy Heights" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in the 12th century, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city.", "title": "Rialto Bridge" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Freixo Bridge () which was inaugurated in 1995 is a Portuguese bridge over the Douro river, connecting Vila Nova de Gaia and Porto. The purpose of its construction was to create an alternative to Arrábida and D. Luis I bridges. The designers of he bridge are António Reis and Daniel de Sousa. The bridge with total length of 705 m has 8 spans.", "title": "Freixo Bridge" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jennings Randolph Bridge, built in 1977, is the largest Pratt truss bridge in North America. It spans over the Ohio River between Chester, West Virginia and East Liverpool, Ohio. The bridge is located on U.S. Route 30 and is named after U.S. Senator Jennings Randolph (D-WV). It replaced the 1897 Chester Bridge.", "title": "Jennings Randolph Bridge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built, is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Figaro Nunatak is an isolated nunatak rising to about near the east end of Mozart Ice Piedmont, in the northern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee from association with the Mozart Ice Piedmont after Mozart's opera \"The Marriage of Figaro\", composed in 1786.", "title": "Figaro Nunatak" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph Haydn's Concerto No. 2 in D Major for cello and orchestra, Hob. VIIb/2, Op. 101, was composed in 1783 for Antonín Kraft, a cellist of Prince Nikolaus's Esterházy Orchestra.", "title": "Cello Concerto No. 2 (Haydn)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prodigal Daughters is a lost 1923 American silent societal drama film produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed through Paramount Pictures. The film stars Gloria Swanson and was directed by Sam Wood. It is based on a novel of the same name by Joseph Hocking.", "title": "Prodigal Daughters" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Humming Bird (also known as Les loups de Montmartre) is a 1924 American silent crime drama film directed by Sidney Olcott and starring Gloria Swanson. Produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures, the film is based on the play of the same name by Maude Fulton who also starred in the Broadway production. A print of the film is housed at the Library of Congress and the Nederlands Filmmuseum.", "title": "The Humming Bird" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gloria Braggiotti Etting (1909 – 3 September 2003) was a dancer, newspaper columnist, photographer, and author. Her brother was composer Mario Braggiotti and her husband was artist Emlen Etting.", "title": "Gloria Braggiotti Etting" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Senator Robert D. Fleming Bridge, commonly known as the 62nd Street Bridge, is a truss bridge that carries Pennsylvania Route 8 across the Allegheny River between the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Morningside and Lawrenceville and Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Senator Robert D. Fleming Bridge" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tyranny of the majority (or tyranny of the masses) refers to an inherent weakness of majority rule in which the majority of an electorate can and does place its own interests above, and at the expense of, those in the minority. This results in oppression of minority groups comparable to that of a tyrant or despot, argued John Stuart Mill in his famous 1859 book On Liberty.", "title": "Tyranny of the majority" } ]

[ "Ponte di Rialto" ]

[ { "answer": "Titian", "id": 820301, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Crucifixion >> creator" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 720914, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Crucifixion of St Julia is a triptych by the Dutch painter Hieronymus Bosch. Like many Bosch paintings, the date of this work was long disputed, until dendochronologic analysis assigned it to around 1497. It is housed at the Palazzo Ducale in Venice.", "title": "The Crucifixion of St Julia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Crucifixion is a life sized painting by the Venetian artist Titian, completed in 1558 and presently hanging in the sanctuary of the church of San Domenico, Ancona. Jesus Christ is shown crucified, with Saint Mary and Saint John standing either side of the cross in the \"Stabat Mater\" tradition. The kneeling figure is of Saint Dominic. The canvas was completed during Titian's fifth decade of painting, and is one of the works marking a shift toward his extensive exploration of tragedy and human suffering.", "title": "Crucifixion (Titian)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The assumption of the use of a two-beamed cross does not determine the number of nails used in the crucifixion and some theories suggest three nails while others suggest four nails. However, throughout history larger numbers of nails have been hypothesized, at times as high as 14 nails. These variations are also present in the artistic depictions of the crucifixion. In the Western Church, before the Renaissance usually four nails would be depicted, with the feet side by side. After the Renaissance most depictions use three nails, with one foot placed on the other. Nails are almost always depicted in art, although Romans sometimes just tied the victims to the cross. The tradition also carries to Christian emblems, e.g. the Jesuits use three nails under the IHS monogram and a cross to symbolize the crucifixion.", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these \"two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent\" and \"rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts\" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now \"firmly established\" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined.", "title": "Peter Strudel" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a \"double sabbath\" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath. Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of \"three days and three nights\" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday. Others have countered by saying that this ignores the Jewish idiom by which a \"day and night\" may refer to any part of a 24-hour period, that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic, not a statement that Jesus was 72 hours in the tomb, and that the many references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights.", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Mark 15:25 crucifixion takes place at the third hour (9 a.m.) and Jesus' death at the ninth hour (3 p.m.). However, in John 19:14 Jesus is still before Pilate at the sixth hour. Scholars have presented a number of arguments to deal with the issue, some suggesting a reconciliation, e.g., based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John but not in Mark, yet others have rejected the arguments. Several notable scholars have argued that the modern precision of marking the time of day should not be read back into the gospel accounts, written at a time when no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available, and time was often approximated to the closest three-hour period.", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.", "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Elazığ earthquake was a 6.1 M earthquake that occurred on 8 March 2010 at 02:32 UTC (04:32 local time). The epicentre was Başyurt in Elazığ Province, in eastern Turkey. Initial reports in global media said as many as 57 people had died. By 10 March, reports in the Turkish media placed the death toll at 41 and later, the death toll rose to 42. Another 74 were injured, many after falling and jumping from buildings. A stampede through the streets led to further injuries.", "title": "2010 Elazığ earthquake" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term \"the cross of Christ\" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus was not an isolated event in history, but a cosmic event with significant eschatological consequences, as in 1 Corinthians 2:8. In the Pauline view, Jesus, obedient to the point of death (Philippians 2:8) died \"at the right time\" (Romans 4:25) based on the plan of God. For Paul the \"power of the cross\" is not separable from the Resurrection of Jesus.", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Antonio Vivaldi", "id": 801799, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "La fida ninfa >> composer" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 547811, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "#1 >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "22", "id": 41132, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The La Cantuta massacre, in which supposed members of Sendero Luminoso, a university professor and nine students from Lima's La Cantuta University were abducted by a military death squad, took place in Peru on 18 July 1992 during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. The incident occurred two days after the Shining Path's Tarata bombing left over 40 dead in Lima Province.", "title": "La Cantuta massacre" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1. Personally attend to any Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) delegation or SRE affiliated office, with an appointment. 2. Fill with black ink, and by hand and in print the application for an ordinary passport book (Form OP - 5). The application can be obtained for free at any of the branches of the SRE or the Office of State or Municipal Liaison SRE. 3. Proof of Mexican nationality by presenting an original and a photocopy of any of the following documents: a) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by the Mexican civil registry office. Birth registration should not be time - barred (must have occurred within the first three years of life), if exceeded temporality, see section ``Additional Documentation for birth certificates with untimely registration ''; b) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a consular office abroad *. c) Certificate * Copy of Mexican nationality; d) Declaration of Mexican nationality by birth *; e) Naturalization Certificate *, and f) Certificate of Citizenship Identity issued by the Secretary of the Interior", "title": "Mexican passport" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Elazığ earthquake was a 6.1 M earthquake that occurred on 8 March 2010 at 02:32 UTC (04:32 local time). The epicentre was Başyurt in Elazığ Province, in eastern Turkey. Initial reports in global media said as many as 57 people had died. By 10 March, reports in the Turkish media placed the death toll at 41 and later, the death toll rose to 42. Another 74 were injured, many after falling and jumping from buildings. A stampede through the streets led to further injuries.", "title": "2010 Elazığ earthquake" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "title": "Acral necrosis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"La La La (Never Give It Up)\" is the debut single by Swedish singer and songwriter September. It was released on 2 June 2003 on Stockholm Records and is featured on September's self-titled debut album, released in 2004. \"La La La (Never Give It Up)\" peaked at #8 on the Swedish single chart. As of December 2007, it is ranked as #653 on Best place of all time on the Swedish charts.", "title": "La La La (Never Give It Up)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other forms of plague have been implicated by modern scientists. The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30–75% and symptoms including fever of 38–41 °C (100–106 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Left untreated, of those that contract the bubonic plague, 80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent. Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches (purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation). In cases of pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague, the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Orlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.", "title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase ``natural born Citizen '', and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st - century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural - born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship`` at the moment of birth'', regardless of place of birth, are also natural - born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil.", "title": "Natural-born-citizen clause" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Montevideo, as throughout the Rio de Plata region, the most popular forms of music are tango, milonga and vals criollo. Many notable songs originated in Montevideo including \"El Tango supremo\", La Cumparsita\", La Milonga\", \"La Puñalada\" and \"Desde el Alma\", composed by notable Montevideo musicians such as Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, Pintín Castellanos and Rosita Melo. Tango is deeply ingrained in the cultural life of the city and is the theme for many of the bars and restaurants in the city. Fun Fun' Bar, established in 1935, is one of the most important places for tango in Uruguay as is El Farolito, located in the old part of the city and Joventango, Café Las Musas, Garufa and Vieja Viola. The city is also home to the Montevideo Jazz Festival and has the Bancaria Jazz Club bar catering for jazz enthusiasts.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medical knowledge had stagnated during the Middle Ages. The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a \"great pestilence in the air\". This report became the first and most widely circulated of a series of plague tracts that sought to give advice to sufferers. That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory. The word 'plague' had no special significance at this time, and only the recurrence of outbreaks during the Middle Ages gave it the name that has become the medical term.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade.", "title": "A Prisoner of Birth" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "La fida ninfa (\"The Faithful Nymph\") is an opera by Antonio Vivaldi to a libretto by Scipione Maffei. The opera was first performed for the opening of the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona on 6 January 1732. Among the arias is \"Alma oppressa de sorte crudele\" (\"Soul oppressed by cruel fate\").", "title": "La fida ninfa" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks' gestational age. These babies are known as preemies or premies. Symptoms of preterm labor include uterine contractions which occur more often than every ten minutes or the leaking of fluid from the vagina. Premature infants are at greater risk for cerebral palsy, delays in development, hearing problems and sight problems. These risks are greater the earlier a baby is born.", "title": "Preterm birth" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Storming of the Bastille (French: Prise de la Bastille (pʁiz də la bastij)) occurred in Paris, France, on the afternoon of 14 July 1789. The medieval fortress, armory, and political prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the center of Paris. The prison contained just seven inmates at the time of its storming but was a symbol of abuses by the monarchy; its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution.", "title": "Storming of the Bastille" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Due to climate change in Asia, rodents began to flee the dried out grasslands to more populated areas, spreading the disease. Nestorian graves dating to 1338 -- 1339 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th - century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s, a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries.", "title": "La Rosiere de Pessac" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Luigi Nono", "id": 222497, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Al gran sole carico d'amore >> composer" }, { "answer": "Venice", "id": 737465, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "#1 >> place of death" }, { "answer": "Jason Momoa", "id": 93723, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "spyder from once upon a time in #2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mezzanotte d'amore (Italian for \"Midnight of love\") is a 1970 Italian musicarello film directed by Ettore Maria Fizzarotti and starring Al Bano and Romina Power. It is the sequel of \"Il suo nome è Donna Rosa\".", "title": "Mezzanotte d'amore" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas II of Niemodlin (; – 27 June 1497), was a Duke of Opole-Brzeg-Strzelce-Niemodlin in 1476 (as co-ruler of his father) and sole Duke of Niemodlin from 1476 until his death.", "title": "Nicholas II of Niemodlin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis van Waefelghem (13 January 1840 in Bruges – 19 June 1908 in Paris) was a Belgian violinist, violist and one of the greatest viola d'amore players of the 19th century. He also composed several works and made transcriptions for viola and viola d'amore.", "title": "Louis van Waefelghem" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Al gran sole carico d'amore (\"In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love\") is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s.", "title": "Al gran sole carico d'amore" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2011 Al Hillah bombing was an attack that took place in the city of Hillah on the 5 May 2011. A suicide bomber detonated a car full of explosives at a local police station, killing 24 recruits and injuring at least 72 more. A few days after the explosion the Islamic State of Iraq claimed responsibility for it, saying it was revenge for the death of Osama Bin Laden on 2 May 2011. The insurgents apparently scouted the police HQ for some time before attacking during peak hours when more than 200 people were inside the building.", "title": "2011 Al Hillah bombing" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He studied under Giacomo Favretto, Alessandro Milesi, and Luigi Nono at the Academy of Fine Arts in his native Venice. In 1873, he exhibited in Venice: \"Né sposo né figlio\" and \"Scena famigliare\". In 1877 at Paris, \"Les saltimbanques\" and \"Les pingeons de Saint Marc\". He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are \"Le rondini\", exhibited at 1880 at Turin; \"Una calle\", exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: \"Mercante di ventagli\"; \"At the Predica\", \"Half-figure of a Girl\"; and \"Popolana\". In 1883 in Rome, exhibited: \"The Lovers\". He painted \"Love Letter\", \"Una fuga nel 1700\"; and \"The Dockside of San Marco\". He sent to Paris in 1877-1878, the paintings: \"Pigeons of St Mark\", \"El-Mazrama\" (Mouchoir of the Sultan), \"Los Saltimbanques\", and \"A venetian - A Daughter of the People\".", "title": "Alessandro Zezzos" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1960 Valdivia earthquake (Spanish: Terremoto de Valdivia) or Great Chilean earthquake (Gran terremoto de Chile) of 22 May is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Various studies have placed it at 9.4 -- 9.6 on the moment magnitude scale. It occurred in the afternoon (19: 11 GMT, 15: 11 local time), and lasted approximately 10 minutes. The resulting tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia and the Aleutian Islands.", "title": "1960 Valdivia earthquake" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole (10 December 1654 – 22 July 1719) was an Italian painter and engraver from Bologna, active in the late-Baroque period. Upon the death of Carlo Cignani, Gioseffo dal Sole became among the most prominent painters in Bologna, described as the \"Guido Moderno\".", "title": "Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An-Nasir Dawud was the son of Al-Mu'azzam, the Ayyubid Sultan of Damascus from 1218 to 1227. On his father's death, An-Nasir succeeded, but soon faced opposition from his uncle, Al-Kamil of Egypt, who made war on him, conquering Jerusalem and Nablus. An-Nasir appealed for help to his other uncle, Al-Ashraf, ruler of Harran. Al-Ashraf, however, betrayed his nephew, coming to an agreement with Al-Kamil to divide An-Nasir's lands between them - Al-Ashraf would take Damascus and the north, while Al-Kamil took control of Palestine.", "title": "An-Nasir Dawud" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liam Thomas Garrigan (born 17 October 1981) is an English theatre and television actor. As a youth he attended classes at Kingston upon Hull's Northern Stage Company and was a student at Wyke College, Kingston upon Hull. His first television role was as Nic Yorke in the BBC continuing drama series Holby City. He is best known for his roles as Ian Al - Harazi on the Fox series 24: Live Another Day and King Arthur in the ABC series Once Upon a Time and Transformers: The Last Knight.", "title": "Liam Garrigan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the death of the replacement bishop Gregory in 345, Constans used his influence to allow Athanasius to return to Alexandria in October 345, amidst the enthusiastic demonstrations of the populace. This began a \"golden decade\" of peace and prosperity, during which time Athanasius assembled several documents relating to his exiles and returns from exile in the Apology Against the Arians. However, upon Constans's death in 350, another civil war broke out, which left pro-Arian Constantius as sole emperor. An Alexandria local council in 350 replaced (or reaffirmed) Athanasius in his see.", "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Death of a Composer is a series of ten opera libretti by Peter Greenaway dealing with the deaths of ten 20th-century composers from Anton Webern to John Lennon. All ten composers left behind ten common clues related to their deaths. Greenaway was interested in this commonality and explored this in the operas, each written or to be written by a different composer. Louis Andriessen finished \"Rosa - A Horse Drama\" in 1995. Geoffrey Fallthius is a fictional character from Greenaway's \"The Falls\", a pupil of Tulse Luper. Indeed, aside from Webern and Lennon, all of the composers are fictitious.", "title": "Death of a Composer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I'm Still in Love with You is the fifth studio album by the American gospel and soul singer Al Green, released on October 23, 1972, on Hi Records. Recording sessions took place during 1972. The album was produced solely by Willie Mitchell. The album peaked at number four on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and number one on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and produced four singles: \"Love and Happiness\" which was rated ninety-eight on \"Rolling Stones\"'s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time as well as \"I'm Still in Love with You\" and \"Look What You Done for Me\" which were top five hits on the US Pop Chart. In 2003, the album was ranked number 285 on the 500 greatest albums of all time by \"Rolling Stone\".", "title": "I'm Still in Love with You (Al Green album)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Grans Brewery (Grans Bryggeri AS) is a brewery founded in 1899 in Sandefjord, Norway. The bane was \"Sandefjord Bryggeri og Mineralvandfabrik A/S\" until 1965. After two generations of Guttorm Gran (senior and junior) in the management, Trygve Christophersen was employed as CEO in 2001.", "title": "Grans Brewery" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The SPYDER (Surface-to-air PYthon and DERby) is an Israeli short and medium range mobile air defence system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems with assistance from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). Rafael is the prime contractor and IAI is the major subcontractor for the SPYDER program. This system achieved a notable milestone in 2005 when missiles were fired against test targets in Shdema, Israel and scored direct hits. Since then, it has been showcased in multiple military exhibitions throughout the world.", "title": "SPYDER" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turkish authorities deny the genocide took place to this day. The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides. According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915–16). This figure, however, accounts for solely the first year of the Genocide and does not take into account those who died or were killed after the report was compiled on the 24th May 1916. The International Association of Genocide Scholars places the death toll at \"more than a million\". The total number of people killed has been most widely estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million.", "title": "Armenia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bruce Willis as Steve Ford, a Los Angeles private detective whose dog is stolen by a gang. Jason Momoa as Spyder, a drug lord who forces Steve to do some jobs for the safety of his dog. John Goodman as Dave Phillips, Steve's best friend. Thomas Middleditch as John, an assistant in his operation to Steve. Famke Janssen as Katey Ford, Steve's sister - in - law. Adam Goldberg as Lou the Jew, a real estate developer Elisabeth Röhm as Anne Phillips, Dave's ex Stephanie Sigman as Lupe, Spyder's girlfriend. Wood Harris as Prince Christopher McDonald as Mr. Carter Adrian Martinez as Tino, the owner of a local pizza store who wants to help Steve. Kal Penn as Rajeesh, a grocery store clerk. Ken Davitian as Yuri Victor Ortiz as Chewy Emily Robinson as Taylor Ralph Garman as Bum Ron Funches as Mocha Jessica Gomes as Nola", "title": "Once Upon a Time in Venice" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Ferrero (born 21 March 1939) is a sailor from Argentina. Ferrero represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Ferrero took 22nd place in the Soling with Ricardo Boneo as helmsman and Héctor Campos as fellow crew member. Ferrero second appearance was during the 1976 Summer Olympics in Kingston. Ferrero took 20th place in the Soling as helmsman with Andrés Robinson and Jorge Rão as fellow crew members. In the 1984 Summer Olympics in Long Beach, California, Ferrero took 13th place in the Soling as helmsman with Alberto Llorens and Carlos Sanguinetti as fellow crew members. Ferrero his final Olympic appearance came at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Pusan, Ferrero took 9th place in the Soling with Santiago Lange as helmsman and Raúl Lena as fellow crew member.", "title": "Pedro Ferrero" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister. Two other paramount chiefs at the time of independence were appointed joint heads of state for life. Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole died in 1963, leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of state until his death on 11 May 2007, upon which Samoa changed from a constitutional monarchy to a parliamentary republic de facto. The next Head of State, Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi, was elected by the legislature on 17 June 2007 for a fixed five-year term, and was re-elected unopposed in July 2012.", "title": "Samoa" } ]

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[ { "answer": "the Karmapa", "id": 857, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Who was the edict addressed to?" }, { "answer": "Nanjing", "id": 846, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?" }, { "answer": "Han nationality", "id": 7798, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What is the overwhelming ethnic majority in #2 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hundred Days' Reform was a failed 104 - day national, cultural, political, and educational reform movement from 11 June to 22 September 1898 in late Qing dynasty China. It was undertaken by the young Guangxu Emperor and his reform - minded supporters. Following the issuing of the reformative edicts, a coup d'état (``The Coup of 1898 '', Wuxu Coup) was perpetrated by powerful conservative opponents led by Empress Dowager Cixi.", "title": "Hundred Days' Reform" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Even though the Gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the Ming court up until the 1430s, the Gelug was not mentioned in the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu. On this, historian Li Tieh-tseng says of Tsongkhapa's refusal of Ming invitations to visit the Yongle Emperor's court:", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also entrusted his guru Zongluo, one of many Buddhist monks at court, to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378–1382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority population. The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533) nationalities. Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9.13 percent of the district's population.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After lying dormant and dilapidated for decades, the Grand Canal was restored under the Yongle Emperor's rule from 1411 -- 1415. The impetus for restoring the canal was to solve the perennial problem of shipping grain north to Beijing. Shipping the annual 4,000,000 shi (one shi is equal to 107 liters) was made difficult with an inefficient system of shipping grain through the East China Sea or by several different inland canals that necessitated the transferring of grain onto several different barge types in the process, including shallow and deep - water barges. William Atwell quotes Ming dynasty sources that state the amount of collected tax grain was actually 30 million shi (93 million bushels), much larger than what Brook notes. The Yongle Emperor commissioned some 165,000 workers to dredge the canal bed in western Shandong and built a series of fifteen canal locks. The reopening of the Grand Canal had implications for Nanjing as well, as it was surpassed by the well - positioned city of Suzhou as the paramount commercial center of China. Despite greater efficiency, there were still factors which the government could not control that limited the transportation of taxed grain; for example, in 1420 a widespread crop failure and poor harvest dramatically reduced the tax grain delivered to the central government.", "title": "History of the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However, Van Praag states that Tibetan rulers upheld their own separate relations with the kingdoms of Nepal and Kashmir, and at times \"engaged in armed confrontation with them.\"", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398–1402), the Yongle Emperor was aided by the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao, and like his father, the Hongwu Emperor, the Yongle Emperor was \"well-disposed towards Buddhism\", claims Rossabi. On March 10, 1403, the Yongle Emperor invited Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama (1384–1415), to his court, even though the fourth Karmapa had rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor. A Tibetan translation in the 16th century preserves the letter of the Yongle Emperor, which the Association for Asian Studies notes is polite and complimentary towards the Karmapa. The letter of invitation reads,", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicene Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire with the Edict of Thessalonica in 380 AD, when Emperor Theodosius I made it the Empire's sole authorized religion. The Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Catholic Church each claim to be the historical continuation of this church in its original form, but do not identify with it in the caesaropapist form that it took later. Unlike Constantine I, who with the Edict of Milan of 313 AD had established tolerance for Christianity without placing it above other religions and whose involvement in matters of the Christian faith extended to convoking councils of bishops who were to determine doctrine and to presiding at their meetings, but not to determining doctrine himself, Theodosius established a single Christian doctrine (specified as that professed by Pope Damasus I of Rome and Pope Peter II of Alexandria) as the Empire's official religion.", "title": "State church of the Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages on a gigantic scroll that bore the Emperor's seal. During his stay in Nanjing, Deshin Shekpa was bestowed the title \"Great Treasure Prince of Dharma\" by the Yongle Emperor. Elliot Sperling asserts that the Yongle Emperor, in bestowing Deshin Shekpa with the title of \"King\" and praising his mystical abilities and miracles, was trying to build an alliance with the Karmapa as the Mongols had with the Sakya lamas, but Deshin Shekpa rejected the Yongle Emperor's offer. In fact, this was the same title that Kublai Khan had offered the Sakya Phagpa lama, but Deshin Shekpa persuaded the Yongle Emperor to grant the title to religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to \"ancestral gods\" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a politically and socially fractured Empire and its multitude of cults; no ancestral gods were specified by name. The fulfillment of sacrificial obligation by loyal subjects would define them and their gods as Roman. Roman oaths of loyalty were traditionally collective; the Decian oath has been interpreted as a design to root out individual subversives and suppress their cults, but apostasy was sought, rather than capital punishment. A year after its due deadline, the edict expired.", "title": "Religion in ancient Rome" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the Karmapa Kargyu, but the latter had previously declined Mongol invitations to receive titles. When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined. Wang and Nyima write that this was due to old age and physical weakness, and also because of efforts being made to build three major monasteries. Chen Qingying states that Tsongkhapa wrote a letter to decline the Emperor's invitation, and in this reply, Tsongkhapa wrote:", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet. Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonia Major also known as Julia Antonia Major (Latin: Antonia Maior, \"PIR\" A 884) (born August/September 39 BC), also known as Antonia the Elder, was a daughter of Triumvir Mark Antony and Octavia the Younger and a relative of the first Roman emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was a niece of the first emperor Augustus, step cousin of the emperor Tiberius, paternal great-aunt of the emperor Caligula, maternal aunt and great-aunt-in law of the emperor Claudius, and paternal grandmother and maternal great-great aunt of the emperor Nero.", "title": "Antonia the Elder" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898. Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence. The emperor issued a series of edicts and plans were made to reorganize the bureaucracy, restructure the school system, and appoint new officials. Opposition from the bureaucracy was immediate and intense. Although she had been involved in the initial reforms, the empress dowager stepped in to call them off, arrested and executed several reformers, and took over day-to-day control of policy. Yet many of the plans stayed in place, and the goals of reform were implanted.", "title": "Qing dynasty" } ]

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