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The oceans are warming and moreover are becoming more acidic, threatening the food chain.

Most of the CO 2 taken up by the ocean, which is about 30% of the total released into the atmosphere, forms carbonic acid in equilibrium with bicarbonate.

While methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2, there is over 200 times more CO2 in the atmosphere.

Since methane gas is twenty-five times stronger (for a given weight, averaged over 100 years) than CO 2 as a greenhouse gas; this would immensely magnify the greenhouse effect.

If warming temperatures brought on by greenhouse gas emissions make wet years less wet and dry years even drier, as scientists anticipate, year-to-year recovery will become more difficult.

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.

But observations, such as those on our CO2 Coalition website, show that increased CO2 levels over the next century will cause modest and beneficial warming—perhaps as much as one degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit)

Scientists have found that the flow of these ice streams has accelerated in recent years, and suggested that if they were to melt, global sea levels would rise by 1 to 2 m (3 ft 3 in to 6 ft 7 in), destabilising the entire West Antarctic Ice Sheet and perhaps sections of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.

"The observed data show that CFCs conspiring with cosmic rays most likely caused both the Antarctic ozone hole and global warming...

"No, a new study does not show cosmic-rays are connected to global warming".

That humans are causing global warming is the position of the Academies of Science from 80 countries plus many scientific organizations that study climate science.

Increased variability and intensity of rainfall as a result of climate change is expected to produce both more severe droughts and flooding, with potentially serious consequences for water supply and for pollution from combined sewer overflows.

"So recently the media picked up on the fact that CRU deleted the raw data for this important global temperature set long ago.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

Melting ice isn't warming the Arctic.

The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet.

Their ECS estimate is 1.5 degrees, with a probability range between 1.05 and 2.45 degrees.

The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report reverted to the earlier range of 1.5 to 4.5 °C (2.7 to 8.1 °F) (high confidence) because some estimates using industrial-age data came out low.

When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

The sharp acceleration in CO 2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations.

And some plants – like algae which use carbon for photosynthesis – may even benefit.

Scientists have determined that the major factors causing the current climate change are greenhouse gases, land use changes, and aerosols and soot.

the first scientists to show that the thick icecap that once covered the Arctic ocean was beginning to thin and shrink.

Global warming has led to decades of shrinking and thinning of the Arctic sea ice, making it vulnerable to atmospheric anomalies.

“[Carbon dioxide] just crossed 400 parts per million, and high-end estimates extrapolating from current trends suggest it will hit 1,000 ppm by 2100.

Orrell says that the range of future increase in temperature suggested by the IPCC rather represents a social consensus in the climate community, but adds "we are having a dangerous effect on the climate".

One of the main areas of contention is the existence of two strange climate episodes known as The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age.

The warm period became known as the Medieval Warm Period, and the cold period was called the Little Ice Age (LIA).

This could mean the landmark Paris Climate Agreement – which seeks to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels – may not be enough to ward off catastrophe.

Although the parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required and that global warming should be limited to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) in the Paris Agreement of 2016, the Earth's average surface temperature has already increased by about half this threshold and current pledges by countries to cut emissions are inadequate to limit future warming.

Evidence is growing that the comparatively cold zone within the Northern Atlantic could be due to a slowdown of this global ocean water circulation.

Additional fresh water flowing into the North Atlantic during a warming cycle may also reduce the global ocean water circulation.

Climate scientist James Hansen: "we have until perhaps 50 years from now," or maybe a little longer "and at that point, we are looking at 10, 20, 30 feet of sea-level rise."

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.

Climate scientist James Hansen: "we have until perhaps 50 years from now," or maybe a little longer "and at that point, we are looking at 10, 20, 30 feet of sea-level rise."

Lows at or below freezing can be expected 40 nights annually, but extended stretches with daily high temperatures below 40 °F (4 °C) are very rare, with a recent exception in January 2014.

Maximum warming occurs over the surface during winter while less surface warming is found in summer when heat is being used to melt sea ice.

While snow and ice act to insulate the surface from large energy losses in winter, they also act to retard warming in the spring and summer because of the large amount of energy required to melt ice (the latent heat of fusion, 3.34 x 105 J/kg at 0 °C).

current climate predictions may underestimate long-term warming by as much as a factor of two

Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.

Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

Recent weekly data shows a downward trend for desktops.

“[T]he 1079 emails and 72 documents seem indeed evidence of a scandal involving most of the most prominent scientists pushing the man-made warming theory - a scandal that is one of the greatest in modern science.

In blogs, talk radio and other new media, we are told that the warnings about future global warming issued by the national science academies, scientific societies, and governments of all the leading nations are not only mistaken, but based on a hoax, indeed a conspiracy that must involve thousands of respected researchers.

Carbon dioxide is not "a primary contributor to the global warming that we see."

"EPA chief Scott Pruitt says carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to global warming".

This provides a direct, empirical causal link between CO2 and global warming.

Other scientists were initially sceptical and believed the greenhouse effect to be saturated so that adding more CO 2 would make no difference.

Adapting to global warming is cheaper than preventing it.

Adaptation is especially important in developing countries since those countries are bearing the brunt of the effects of global warming.

Focusing on a few suggestive emails, taken out of context, merely serves to distract from the wealth of empirical evidence for man-made global warming.

Mass changes of ice sheets can be monitored by measuring changes in the ice surface height, the deformation of the ground below and the changes in the gravity field over the ice sheet.

That humans are causing global warming is the position of the Academies of Science from 80 countries plus many scientific organizations that study climate science.

This was used to estimate heat waves occurrence at the global scale from 1901 to 2010, finding a substantial and sharp increase in the amount of affected areas in the last two decades.

Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (around 1750) have produced a 45% increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, from 280 ppm in 1750 to 415 ppm in 2019.

Climate sensitivity can be calculated empirically by comparing past temperature change to natural forcings at the time.

Climate sensitivity can be estimated using observed temperature rise, observed ocean heat uptake, and modeled or observed radiative forcing.

Renewables can't provide baseload power.

On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends.

By regulating the Earth’s cloud cover, the Sun can turn the temperature up and down. ...

June 2019 was the hottest month on record worldwide, the effects of this were especially prominent in Europe.

Recent record-low water levels in Lake Michigan are evidence that global warming is leading to "the evaporation of our Great Lakes."

In the tropics the net effect is to produce a significant warming, while at latitudes closer to the poles a loss of albedo leads to an overall cooling effect.

But his results are evidence that the actual climate sensitivity is about 3°C for a doubling of atmospheric CO2.

Two sections of Antarctica's Larsen Ice Shelf broke apart into hundreds of unusually small fragments (hundreds of meters wide or less) in 1995 and 2002, Larsen C calved a huge ice island in 2017.

Less than half of published scientists endorse global warming

that the Eocene hothouse world was caused by runaway global warming from released methane clathrates deep in the oceans.

The "decline" refers to a decline in northern tree-rings, not global temperature, and is openly discussed in papers and the IPCC reports.

This "decline" referred to the well-discussed tree-ring divergence problem, but these two phrases were taken out of context by global warming sceptics, including US Senator Jim Inhofe and former Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin, as though they referred to some decline in measured global temperatures, even though they were written when temperatures were at a record high.

Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

This increase of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere has produced the current episode of global warming.

Climate change isn't increasing extreme weather damage costs.

Suggested causes of ice age periods include the positions of the continents, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, and volcanism.

There are a number of forcings which affect climate (eg - stratospheric aerosols, solar variations).

Other analyses have found that the iris effect is a positive feedback rather than the negative feedback proposed by Lindzen.

Global sea level rise surged between November 2014 and February 2016, with the El Niño event helping the oceans rise by 15mm.

Broadly speaking, if clouds, especially low clouds, increase in a warmer climate, the resultant cooling effect leads to a negative feedback in climate response to increased greenhouse gases.

contrary to the hypothesis that rising temperature is caused by increasing CO2.

Singer argues, contrary to the scientific consensus on climate change, that there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.

‘With levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere consistently breaking new records, the influence of human activities on the climate system has become more and more evident,’ said Taalas.

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.

In a paper published online this week in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere, economics professor Ross McKitrick says the resulting discrepancies may be leading to an overstatement of the role of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

A wide variety of temperature proxies together prove that the 20th century was the hottest recorded in the last 2,000 years.

Preventing future pandemics requires more not less “industrial” agriculture

The energy consumed to manufacture and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to the new energy produced by the plant within a few months.

Satellite transmissions are extremely small and irrelevant.

The disputed issues include the causes of increased global average air temperature, especially since the mid-20th century, whether this warming trend is unprecedented or within normal climatic variations, whether humankind has contributed significantly to it, and whether the increase is completely or partially an artifact of poor measurements.

In its 5th assessment report in 2013, the IPCC estimated that human emissions are probably responsible for more than half of the observed increase in global average temperature from 1951 to 2010.

The scientific consensus as of 2013[update], as stated in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, is that it "is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century".

Geologists say that humans are now pumping the gas into the air much faster than nature has ever done.

The area of melting in 2002 broke all previous records.

“Several of the papers note that the primary influence on warming appears to be solar activity.

In at least some areas, the recent period appears to be warmer than has been the case for a thousand or more years".

So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases

Most of the climatic warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Scientists are "questioning the original idea that man-made global warming is what is causing the climate to change. "

The global warming observed over the past 50 years is due primarily to human-induced emissions of heat-trapping gases.

The bushfires in Australia were caused by arsonists and a series of lightning strikes, not 'climate change'.

Since 1950, the number of cold days and nights have decreased, and the number of warm days and night have increased.

This provides a direct, empirical causal link between CO2 and global warming.

Although there are a few areas of linkage, the relationship between the two is weak.

Numerous papers have documented how IPCC predictions are more likely to underestimate the climate response.

They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability.

[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

The modeling also shows that "even without a carbon price (the most efficient way to reduce economy-wide emissions) wind energy is 14% cheaper than new coal and 18% cheaper than new gas."

"The Keeling curve, which is widely used to show the increase in CO2 emissions, is based on data from the top of Mount Mauna Loa in Hawaii.

Although increased rainful will not occur everywhere, models suggest most of the world will have a 16-24% increase in heavy precipitation intensity by 2100.

However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods.

Play media Satellite measurements of Greenland's ice cover from 1979 to 2009 reveals a trend of increased melting.

Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3°C to 1.1°C

The global temperature increase since the beginning of the industrial period (taken as 1750) is about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), and the radiative forcing due to CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases – mainly methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons – emitted since that time is about 2.6 W/m2.

Barack Obama supports proposals "to devote billions of dollars annually to state game and fish agencies and federal land management agencies to help them ensure that fish and wildlife survive the impacts of climate change."

Through implementation of land and resource management plans, the agency ensures sustainable ecosystems by restoring and maintaining species diversity and ecological productivity that helps provide recreation, water, timber, minerals, fish, wildlife, wilderness, and aesthetic values for current and future generations of people.

As the temperature has increased, so has the ability of scientists to determine whether specific events are linked to climate change.

This has led to increases in mean global temperature, or global warming.

Comparisons to the most recent data consistently finds that climate change is occurring more rapidly and intensely than indicated by IPCC predictions.

The statement references the IPCC's Fourth Assessment of 2007, and asserts that "climate change is happening even faster than previously estimated; global CO 2 emissions since 2000 have been higher than even the highest predictions, Arctic sea ice has been melting at rates much faster than predicted, and the rise in the sea level has become more rapid".

Growers regularly pump CO2 into greenhouses, raising levels to three times that of the natural environment, to produce stronger, greener, healthier plants.”

Greenhouses commonly supplement carbon dioxide levels to 3–4 times the atmospheric rate.

They changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'.

Pine Island Glacier (PIG) is a large ice stream, and the fastest melting glacier in Antarctica, responsible for about 25% of Antarctica's ice loss.

When accelerating ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica are factored into sea level projections, the estimated sea level rise by 2100 is between 75cm to 2 metres.

Modeling of snowmelt predicted that warming of 3 to 5 °C in the Western United States could cause snowmelt-driven runoff to occur as much as two months earlier, with profound effects on hydroelectricity, land use, agriculture, and water management.

"In 1999 New Scientist reported a comment by the leading Indian glaciologist Syed Hasnain, who said in an email interview with this author that all the glaciers in the central and eastern Himalayas could disappear by 2035.

Recent warming is followed by carbon dioxide levels with only a 5 months delay.

‘Next year or the year after, the Arctic will be free of ice’

Research shows that the Arctic may become ice-free in the summer for the first time in human history by 2040.

The long term warming trend indicates the total energy in the Earth's climate system is increasing due to an energy imbalance.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.

The science is clear, climate change is making extreme weather events, including tornadoes, worse.

The main impact of global warming on the weather is an increase in extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, cyclones, blizzards and rainstorms.

More than half of the 44 studies selected for publication found that raised levels of CO2 had little or no impact on marine life, including crabs, limpets, sea urchins and sponges

This increase in acidity inhibits all marine life – having a greater impact on smaller organisms as well as shelled organisms (see scallops).

Renewable energy investment kills jobs.

Nick Bostrom argues that it would be "misguided" to assume that the probability of near-term extinction is less than 25% and that it will be "a tall order" for the human race to "get our precautions sufficiently right the first time", given that an existential risk provides no opportunity to learn from failure.

The Millennium Drought starting in 1997 and ending in 2010 was misinterpreted as a long term trend as a consequence of Climate Change.

The long Australian Millennial drought broke in 2010.

Peer review process was corrupted

Richard Smith, MD, former editor of the British Medical Journal, has claimed that peer review is "ineffective, largely a lottery, anti-innovatory, slow, expensive, wasteful of scientific time, inefficient, easily abused, prone to bias, unable to detect fraud and irrelevant; Several studies have shown that peer review is biased against the provincial and those from low- and middle-income countries; Many journals take months and even years to publish and the process wastes researchers' time.

Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3°C to 1.1°C

Increased concentrations of gases such as CO 2 (~20%), ozone and N 2O are external forcing on the other hand.

Scientists have known for some time, from multiple lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth’s climate, primarily through greenhouse gas emissions.

The Spörer Minimum has also been identified with a significant cooling period between 1460 and 1550.

Renewables can't provide baseload power

James E. Hansen has argued that multiple positive feedbacks could lead to nonlinear ice sheet disintegration much faster than claimed by the IPCC.

"So recently the media picked up on the fact that CRU deleted the raw data for this important global temperature set long ago.

They were already working with the Met Office to obtain permissions to release the remaining raw data.

In an interview with the BBC after the scandal broke, Dr Jones admitted there had been no statistically significant global warming since 1995

In late 2011, Steven F. Hayward wrote that "Climategate did for the global warming controversy what the Pentagon Papers did for the Vietnam war 40 years ago: It changed the narrative decisively."

There is a link between climate change and the NSW bushfires.

The vast majority of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, changes in land use, soil erosion and agriculture (including livestock).

Thus rather than a "doomsday" cycle of runaway warming, Mother Earth appears surprisingly tolerant of carbon, decreasing atmospheric levels of water vapor -- a more effective greenhouse gas -- to compensate.

Before the Industrial Revolution, naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases caused the air near the surface to be warmer by about 33 °C (59 °F) than it would be in their absence.

Climate scientists say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

Weather events are due to multiple factors, and so cannot be said to be caused by one precondition, but climate change affects aspects of extreme events, and very likely worsened some of the impacts of Harvey.

The exception to this ice loss is Antarctic sea ice which has been growing despite the warming Southern Ocean.

Sea ice extent expands annually in the Antarctic winter and most of this ice melts in the summer.

Renew­ables such as wind turbines are environmentally disastrous because they pollute a huge land area, slice and dice birds and bats, kill insects that are bird food, create health problems for humans who live within kilometres of them, leave toxins around the turbine site and despoil the landscape.

Fossil-fueled power plants, which wind turbines generally require to make up for their weather dependent intermittency, kill almost 20 times as many birds per gigawatt hour (GWh) of electricity according to Sovacool.

When all forcings are combined, they show good correlation to global temperature throughout the 20th century including the mid-century cooling period.

Arctic temperatures have increased and are predicted to continue to increase during this century at over twice the rate of the rest of the world.

North America suffers extreme weather events including wildfires, drought, and heatwaves.

Yet, recent abnormally intense storms, hurricanes, floods, heatwaves, droughts and associated large-scale wildfires have led to unprecendente negative ecological consequences for tropical forests and coral reefs around the world.

Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide has helped raise global food production and reduce poverty.

While increased CO 2 levels help crop growth at lower temperature increases, those crops do become less nutritious.

Evidence is growing that the comparatively cold zone within the Northern Atlantic could be due to a slowdown of this global ocean water circulation.

Another example is the possibility for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to slow or shut down (see also shutdown of thermohaline circulation).

Renewable energy investment kills jobs.

A key benefit that this investment growth brings is a growth in jobs.

“…climate change will also reduce the number of cold days and cold spells.

A rise of 2.4 m (8 feet) is physically possible under a high emission scenario but the authors were unable to say how likely.

The global dimming trend reversed around 1990 - 15 years after the global warming trend began in the mid 1970's.

"Antarctic ice shelf disintegration triggered by sea ice loss and ocean swell".

Since 1965, more parts of the U.S. have seen a decrease in flooding than have seen an increase.

According the Vermont state government, rainfall has significantly increased in the last 50 years, storms and flooding have increased, and winters have become warmer and shorter.

Renewable energy investment kills jobs.

The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report reverted to the earlier range of 1.5 to 4.5 °C (2.7 to 8.1 °F) (high confidence) because some estimates using industrial-age data came out low.

The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.

As it happens, the writer of that October 2009 e-mail—Kevin Trenberth, a lead author of the warmist bible, the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report—told Congress two years ago that evidence for manmade warming is "unequivocal.

In October 2009, the leaders of 18 US scientific societies and organizations sent an open letter to the United States Senate reaffirming the scientific consensus that climate change is occurring and is primarily caused by human activities.

Each year sees the disappearance of thousands of plant and animal species which we will never know, which our children will never see, because they have been lost for ever.

Under the Köppen–Geiger classification, Sydney has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with warm summers, cool winters and uniform rainfall throughout the year.

'Phil Jones said that for the past 15 years there has been no "statistically significant" warming.

He said that "Our conclusion was that the warming of the past few decades appears to be closely tied to emission of greenhouse gases by humans and not any of the natural factors".

An area of coastal ecosystems larger than New York City is destroyed every year, removing an important buffer from extreme weather for coastal communities and releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

"special protection and perservation of peat bogs, wetlands, marshlands and mangrove swamps to ensure carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere."

Al Gore's book is quite accurate, and far more accurate than contrarian books.

"He is making a qualitative point, which is entirely accurate.

“As soon as renewables were introduced into the grid, electric­ity prices increased and delivery became unreliable.

The sensitivity of temperature to atmospheric gasses, most notably CO 2, is often expressed in terms of the change in temperature per doubling of the concentration of the gas.

“There is now less sea ice on Earth than at any time on record.

However, ice melt caused world sea levels to rise about 35 m (115 ft) in the early part of the Holocene.

While methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2, there is over 200 times more CO2 in the atmosphere.

While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases.

What they find is sea level rise has been steadily accelerating over the past century.

More precise data gathered from satellite radar measurements reveal an accelerating rise of 7.5 cm (3.0 in) from 1993 to 2017, which is a trend of roughly 30 cm (12 in) per century.

"The 30 major droughts of the 20th century were likely natural in all respects; and, hence, they are "indicative of what could also happen in the future," as Narisma

La Niña is the positive and cold phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and is associated with cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.