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But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

Over the 21st century, the IPCC projects that in a very high emissions scenario the sea level could rise by 61–110 cm.

While the Greenland interior is in mass balance, the coastlines are losing ice.

The Gulf of Mexico is known for hurricanes in August, so their incidence alone cannot be attributed to global warming, but the warming climate does influence certain attributes of storms.

In South Florida, "we've had nine inches of sea-level rise since the 1920s."

Between 1900 and 2016, the sea level rose by 16–21 cm (6.3–8.3 in).

The original global temperature schematic which appeared in the IPCC First Assessment Report and seemed to show the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) hotter than Present was based on the central England temperature record, and ended in the 1950s.

It may have had water oceans in the past, but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect.

Pluto's climate change over the last 14 years is likely a seasonal event.

This has led to an increase in the number and severity of extreme weather events.

Etna has already put more than 10,000 times the CO2 into the atmosphere than mankind has in our entire time on the Earth.

It is expected to drop by a further 0.3 to 0.5 pH units (an additional doubling to tripling of today's post-industrial acid concentrations) by 2100 as the oceans absorb more anthropogenic CO 2, the impacts being most severe for coral reefs and the Southern Ocean.

there has been no systematic increase in the frequency of extreme weather events,

An examination of the average global temperature changes by decades reveals continuing climate change, and AR5 reports "Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth's surface than any preceding decade since 1850 (see Figure SPM.1).

climate models have overestimated the amount of global warming and failed to predict what climatologists call the warming ‘hiatus’.

The 2017 United States-published National Climate Assessment notes that "climate models may still be underestimating or missing relevant feedback processes".

The amount of summer sea ice in the Arctic has steadily declined over the past few decades because of man-made global warming, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Global warming has led to decades of shrinking and thinning of the Arctic sea ice, making it vulnerable to atmospheric anomalies.

"His [Dr Spencer's] latest research demonstrates that – in the short term, at any rate – the temperature feedbacks that the IPCC imagines will greatly amplify any initial warming caused by CO2 are net-negative, attenuating the warming they are supposed to enhance.

However, that view was questioned by other researchers; the IPCC First Assessment Report of 1990 discussed the "Medieval Warm Period around 1000 AD (which may not have been global) and the Little Ice Age which ended only in the middle to late nineteenth century."

With 32 years of rapidly increasing global temperatures and only a minor increase in global CO2 emissions, followed by 33 years of slowly cooling global temperatures with rapid increases in global CO2 emissions, it was deceitful for the IPCC to make any claim that CO2 emissions were primarily responsible for observed 20th century global warming."

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years.

Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass

"Fact: Trump claimed climate change is a hoax created by China".

Skeptics have long pointed to ice gain in the Southern Hemisphere as evidence climate change wasn’t occurring, but scientists warned that it was caused by natural variations and circulations in the atmosphere.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

The effect of long-term warming is to make it harder to count on snowmelt runoff in wet times

Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

New Jersey is "losing 50 football fields of open space to development every day and the more we develop upstream the more flooding we have downstream."

The impact on the environment, ecosystems, the animal kingdom, society and humanity depends on how much more the Earth warms.

More than 260,000 Americans are employed by the domestic solar industry — three times as many workers as employed by the entire coal mining industry.

The American solar energy industry is highly reliant on foreign parts (80% of parts are made abroad); as a result, the tariffs could raise the costs of solar energy, reduce innovation and reduce jobs in the industry—which in 2017 employed nearly four times as many American workers as the coal industry.

Australia’s signed a suicide note [with the Paris Accord] yet didn’t seem to notice that China, India, Indonesia and the US did not commit to reducing their large carbon dioxide emissions.

"U.S. and China announce steps to join the Paris accord that set nation-by-nation targets for cutting carbon emissions".

‘Heatwaves are far more intense than when my parents were growing up in the 1950s.

Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes changes to biophysical environments and ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans, including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass extinction and biodiversity loss, ecological crisis, and ecological collapse.

Droughts and floods have not changed since we’ve been using fossil fuels

However, other research suggests that there has been little change in drought over the past 60 years.

Satellite and surface measurements find less energy is escaping to space at CO2 absorption wavelengths.

Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide.

Global warming is increasing the risk of heatwaves.

"Expert predicts ice-free Arctic by 2020 as UN releases climate report".

The report suggests significantly smaller overall ice-mass losses than previous estimates.

The loss in Southern Alps total ice volume from 1976–2014 is 34 percent of the total.

Early 20th century warming is due to several causes, including rising CO2.

On the first day of the new Parliament, Abbott introduced legislation into Parliament to repeal the Carbon Tax, and commenced Operation Sovereign Borders, the Coalition's policy to stop illegal maritime arrivals, which received strong public support.

contrary to the hypothesis that rising temperature is caused by increasing CO2.

Not only do increasing carbon dioxide concentrations lead to increases in global surface temperature, but increasing global temperatures also cause increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide.

The contrast in precipitation between wet and dry regions and between wet and dry seasons will increase, although there may be regional exceptions.

Most regions have distinct seasons where summer is usually not spoiled by rain and winter turns wet, snowy and humid with mild, cool to cold temperatures, while spring and fall see warm to mild weather characterised by flowers blooming in spring and falling leaves in autumn.

‘Next year or the year after, the Arctic will be free of ice’

It is clear that major efforts are necessary to quickly and strongly reduce CO 2 emissions.

I conclude that it must be ice accumulation, through evaporation of ocean water, and subsequent precipitation turning into ice.

The loss of the colorful algae causes the coral to turn white.

Climate change isn't increasing extreme weather damage costs.

It may have had water oceans in the past, but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect.

The strong El Niño has continued into 2016, raising the possibility that this year will, yet again, set a global temperature record

At times, peer review has been exposed as a process that was orchestrated for a preconceived outcome.

With 32 years of rapidly increasing global temperatures and only a minor increase in global CO2 emissions, followed by 33 years of slowly cooling global temperatures with rapid increases in global CO2 emissions, it was deceitful for the IPCC to make any claim that CO2 emissions were primarily responsible for observed 20th century global warming."

The global warming observed over the past 50 years is due primarily to human-induced emissions of heat-trapping gases.

The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

7–10 "There is now convincing evidence that since the industrial revolution, human activities, resulting in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have become a major agent of climate change.

Climate scientist James Hansen: "we have until perhaps 50 years from now," or maybe a little longer "and at that point, we are looking at 10, 20, 30 feet of sea-level rise."

For example, in 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projected a high end estimate of 60 cm (2 ft) through 2099, but their 2014 report raised the high-end estimate to about 90 cm (3 ft).

“Yet, a new study of 60 climate models and scenarios shows this warning fails to take into account the fact that global warming will mean precipitation increases.

Although increased rainful will not occur everywhere, models suggest most of the world will have a 16-24% increase in heavy precipitation intensity by 2100.

Venus doesn't have a runaway greenhouse effect

According to the United States National Research Council, [T]here is a strong, credible body of evidence, based on multiple lines of research, documenting that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities.

Climate scientists say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

Developers in Florida have announced the addition of solar panels on all new homes in several subdivisions.

The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

They say that even if all the current pledges will be accomplished there is a chance for a 4.5 degree temperature rise in decades.

The long-term correlation between CO2 and temperature is well established.

"Coherence established between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature".

As a result, "The warmest year on US record is now 1934.

2013 was the warmest year ever in the contiguous United States and about one-third of all Americans experienced 10 days or more of 100-degree heat.

CO2 levels are rising so fast that unless we decrease emissions, global warming will accelerate this century.

To keep warming below 2 °C, more stringent emission reductions in the near-term would allow for less rapid reductions after 2030.

Sea level rise has been slow and a constant, pre-dating industrialization

Further examples include sea level rise, widespread melting of snow and land ice, increased heat content of the oceans, increased humidity, and the earlier timing of spring events, such as the flowering of plants.

The most notorious was 252 million years ago; it began when carbon warmed the planet by five degrees, accelerated when that warming triggered the release of methane in the Arctic, and ended with 97 percent of all life on Earth dead.”

Global warming accelerates its release due to release of methane from both existing stores and methanogenesis in rotting biomass.

The Arctic’s carbon bomb might be even more potent than we thought […] methane, a shorter-lived but far harder-hitting gas that could cause faster bursts of warming

Within the G8 group of countries, it is most significant for the UK, France and Germany.

His best estimate is that the warming in response to a doubling of CO2 concentration, which may happen this century unless the usual suspects get away with shutting down the economies of the West, will be a harmless 1 Fahrenheit degree, not the 6 F predicted by the IPCC."

In his first paper on the matter, he estimated that global temperature would rise by around 5 to 6 °C (9.0 to 10.8 °F) if the quantity of CO 2 was doubled.

Great Barrier Reef may perish by 2030s

In comparing these measurements to surface temperature models, it is important to note that values for the lower troposphere measurements taken by the MSU are a weighted average of temperatures over multiple altitudes (roughly 0 to 12 km), and not a surface temperature (as seen in figure above).

Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass

If iceberg calving has happened as an average, Greenland lost 294 Gt of its mass during 2007 (one km3 of ice weighs about 0.9 Gt).

The past shows that climate change is normal, that warmer times and more atmospheric carbon dioxide have driven biodiversity and that cold times kill.”

However, the Stern report, like many other reports, notes the past correlation between CO 2 emissions and economic growth and then extrapolates using a "business as usual" scenario to predict GDP growth and hence CO 2 levels, concluding that: Increasing scarcity of fossil fuels alone will not stop emissions growth in time.

Correspondingly, the global surface temperature has also dropped."

Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

The most recent ocean measurements show consistent warming.

The glaciers of Greenland are also contributing to a rise in the global sea level faster than was previously believed.

Cosmic ray counts have increased over the past 50 years, so if they do influence global temperatures, they are having a cooling effect.

Both CO 2 and CH 4 vary between glacial and interglacial phases, and concentrations of these gases correlate strongly with temperature.

The news of expanding Antarctic sea ice stole headlines from global warming alarmists who asserted Arctic sea ice had reached its lowest extent since 1979.'

The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s.

Sea level rise is now increasing faster than predicted due to unexpectedly rapid ice melting.

This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers.

Surface temperatures can show short-term cooling when heat is exchanged between the atmosphere and the ocean, which has a much greater heat capacity than the air.

Fossil fuel prices generally are below their actual costs, or their "efficient prices," when economic externalities, such as the costs of air pollution and global climate destruction, are taken into account.

Scientists have known for some time, from multiple lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth’s climate, primarily through greenhouse gas emissions.

Global Change Research Program concluded that "[global] warming is unequivocal and primarily human-induced."

There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years.

Evidence is building that net cloud feedback is likely positive and unlikely to be strongly negative.

Other analyses have found that the iris effect is a positive feedback rather than the negative feedback proposed by Lindzen.

(In technical lingo, the so-called social cost of carbon would be negative.)”

Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years.

(2005), where satellite altimetry established that the mean thickness of the entire Greenland ice sheet had increased at 2 inches per year – a total of almost 2 feet – in the 11 years 1993-2003.”

Other research has shown that higher snowfalls from the North Atlantic oscillation caused the interior of the ice cap to thicken by an average of 6 cm or 2.36 in/y between 1994 and 2005.

Because current climate change is so rapid, the way species typically adapt (eg - migration) is, in most cases, simply not be possible.

Human activities therefore allow species to migrate to new areas (and thus become invasive) occurred on time scales much shorter than historically have been required for a species to extend its range.

Over the past eight years, the United States has reduced our total carbon pollution more than any other nation on Earth.

In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

"The 30 major droughts of the 20th century were likely natural in all respects; and, hence, they are "indicative of what could also happen in the future," as Narisma

Some evidence suggests that droughts have been occurring more frequently because of global warming and they are expected to become more frequent and intense in Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East, most of the Americas, Australia, and Southeast Asia.

The Earth’s climate is changing in response to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and particulate matter in the atmosphere, largely as the result of human activities.

The rate of Arctic cooling is roughly 0.02 °C per century.

An independent inquiry found CRU is a small research unit with limited resources and their rigour and honesty are not in doubt.

Describing its report as "hugely positive", he stated that "it is especially important that, despite a deluge of allegations and smears against the CRU, this independent group of utterly reputable scientists have concluded that there was no evidence of any scientific malpractice."

“The jet stream forms a boundary between the cold north and the warmer south, but the lower temperature difference means the winds are now weaker.

As the temperature difference between the Arctic and the equator decreases, ocean currents that are driven by that temperature difference, like the Gulf Stream, are weakening.

Venus is not hot because of a runaway greenhouse.

"Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era".

Barack Obama and Joe Biden will establish a 10 percent federal Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) to require that 10 percent of electricity consumed in the U.S. is derived from clean, sustainable energy sources, like solar, wind and geothermal by 2012.

Democrats have supported increased domestic renewable energy development, including wind and solar power farms, in an effort to reduce carbon pollution.

The oceans are warming and moreover are becoming more acidic, threatening the food chain.

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has estimated that agriculture (including not only livestock, but also food crop, biofuel and other production) accounted for about 10 to 12 percent of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (expressed as 100-year carbon dioxide equivalents) in 2005 and in 2010.Cows produce some 570 million cubic metres of methane per day, that accounts for from 35 to 40% of the overall methane emissions of the planet.

Actual weather records over the past 100 years show no correlation between rising carbon dioxide levels and local temperatures.

Fossil fuel prices generally are below their actual costs, or their "efficient prices," when economic externalities, such as the costs of air pollution and global climate destruction, are taken into account.

“Underneath the permafrost there are sediments full of methane hydrates.

Increased temperatures and altered hydrological cycles are predicted to translate to shorter growing seasons, overall reduced biomass production, and lower grain yields.

Satellites measure Antarctica losing land ice at an accelerating rate.

found instead that the net change in ice mass is slightly positive at approximately 82 gigatonnes per year (with significant regional variation) which would result in Antarctic activity reducing global sea-level rise by 0.23 mm per year.

“In an old climate, … extremely warm years were less common and snowpack was more reliable …

The taiga or boreal forest has a subarctic climate with very large temperature range between seasons, but the long and cold winter is the dominant feature.

So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases

In the real world, consumption of fossil fuel resources leads to global warming and climate change.

The oceans are warming and moreover are becoming more acidic, threatening the food chain.

"Rising Acidity Is Threatening Food Web of Oceans, Science Panel Says".

Sea level rise has been slow and a constant, pre-dating industrialization

Since the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia.

Numerous papers have documented how IPCC predictions are more likely to underestimate the climate response.

If no mitigating actions are taken, significant disruptions in the Earth's physical and ecological systems, social systems, security and human health are likely to occur.

Antarctica is gaining land-based ice, according to a new study by NASA scientists published in the Journal of Glaciology

[1] In their latest study (September 20, 2007) NASA researchers have confirmed that Antarctic snow is melting farther inland from the coast over time, melting at higher altitudes than ever and increasingly melting on Antarctica's largest ice shelf.

Back in the late 1980s, the UN claimed that if global warming were not checked by 2000, rising sea levels would wash entire counties away.

The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts.

“The IPCC reports also don’t fully account for the albedo effect (less ice means less reflected and more absorbed sunlight, hence more warming); more cloud cover (which traps heat); or the dieback of forests and other flora (which extract carbon from the atmosphere).

Sea ice extent expands annually in the Antarctic winter and most of this ice melts in the summer.

Geologists say that humans are now pumping the gas into the air much faster than nature has ever done.

Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide.

Donald Trump claims Global Warming is a hoax

"Fact: Trump claimed climate change is a hoax created by China".

Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2

This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers.

That drop in temperature came after what was described in the National Geographic as 'six decades of abnormal warmth'."

In 2019 the National Bureau of Economic Research found that increase in average global temperature by 0.04 °C per year, in absence of mitigation policies, will reduce world real GDP per capita by 7.22% by 2100.

In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

It is the hottest planet, with surface temperatures over 400 °C (752 °F), most likely due to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The 30 most costly hurricanes in U.S. history (according to federal data from January) show no increase in intensity over time.

Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade.

This increase is the result of humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more being absorbed into the oceans.

It is expected to drop by a further 0.3 to 0.5 pH units (an additional doubling to tripling of today's post-industrial acid concentrations) by 2100 as the oceans absorb more anthropogenic CO 2, the impacts being most severe for coral reefs and the Southern Ocean.

Weather Channel Co-Founder John Coleman Calls Global Warming a Hoax

This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature.

Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s.

Climate change is a hoax invented by the Chinese.

The spatial and temporal fingerprint of warming can be traced to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which are a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity.

This provides a direct, empirical causal link between CO2 and global warming.

They still manage to consume some seals, but they are food-deprived in summer as only marine mammal carcasses are an important alternative without sea ice, especially carcasses of the beluga whale.

The bottom line is there’s no solid connection between climate change and the major indicators of extreme weather

This could lead to changing, and for all emissions scenarios more unpredictable, weather patterns around the world, less frost days, more extreme events (droughts and storm or flood disasters), and warmer sea temperatures and melting glaciers causing sea levels to rise.

While there are many drivers of climate, CO2 is the most dominant radiative forcing and is increasing faster than any other forcing.

There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate.

Droughts and floods have not changed since we’ve been using fossil fuels

The increased demands are contributing to increased environmental degradation and to global warming, with resultant intensification of tropical cyclones, floods, droughts, forest fires, and incidence of hyperthermia deaths.

In a paper published online this week in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere, economics professor Ross McKitrick says the resulting discrepancies may be leading to an overstatement of the role of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

In March 2017, the journal Nature published a paper showing that huge sections of an 800-kilometre (500 mi) stretch in the northern part of the reef had died in the course of 2016 due to high water temperatures, an event that the authors put down to the effects of global climate change.

Lindzen and Choi’s paper is viewed as unacceptably flawed by other climate scientists.

When the volcano sinks back down into the sea, the coral continues to grow, keeping the reef at or above water level.

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification, which is catastrophically harming marine life.

The Little Ice Age ended in the latter half of the 19th century or early in the 20th century.

While there are many drivers of climate, CO2 is the most dominant radiative forcing and is increasing faster than any other forcing.

The increased radiative forcing due to increased CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere is based on the physical properties of CO2 and the non-saturated absorption windows where CO2 absorbs outgoing long-wave energy.

During the period 1940 to 1976 there was a cooling of the climate despite increasing CO2 levels.

"Penetration of human-induced warming into the world's oceans".

the kind of extreme heat we saw this past summer will be the norm

Global warming boosts the probability of extreme weather events, like heat waves, far more than it boosts more moderate events.

Study finds low probability of both very low and very high climate sensitivities, and its lower estimate (as compared to the IPCC) is based on a new temperature reconstruction of the Last Glacial Maximum that may or may not withstand the test of time.

The TAR estimate for the climate sensitivity is 1.5 to 4.5 °C; and the average surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 Celsius degrees over the period 1990 to 2100, and the sea level is projected to rise by 0.1 to 0.9 metres over the same period.

This could mean the landmark Paris Climate Agreement – which seeks to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels – may not be enough to ward off catastrophe.

Preliminary reporting from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration set a more concrete total at $125 billion, making Harvey the 2nd costliest tropical cyclone on record, behind Hurricane Katrina with 2017 costs of $161 billion (after adjusting for inflation).

Mr. Singer is a professor emeritus of environmental science at the University of Virginia.

The spatial and temporal fingerprint of warming can be traced to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which are a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity.