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Observed sea levels are actually tracking at the upper range of the IPCC projections.

The atmospheric lifetime of CO 2 is estimated of the order of 30–95 years.

by that I mean the central Arctic will be ice-free.

"Extreme melt onCanada's Arctic ice caps in the 21st century".

Humans are small but powerful, and human CO2 emissions are causing global warming.

CO2 emissions are continuing to rise due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change.

While preventing global warming is relatively cheap, economists can't even accurately estimate the accelerating costs of climate damages if we continue with business-as-usual.

Economists generally argue that carbon taxes are the most efficient and effective way to curb climate change, with the least adverse effects on the economy.

If the public were aware that man-made CO2 is so incredibly small there would be very little belief in a climate disaster ..."

Gelbspan 1998 p. 3 "But some individuals do not want the public to know about the immediacy and extent of the climate threat.

Focusing on a few suggestive emails, taken out of context, merely serves to distract from the wealth of empirical evidence for man-made global warming.

This process is enhanced by global warming, because warmer air holds more water vapor than colder air, so the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as it is warmed by the greenhouse effect.

Eleven percent of all global greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are caused by deforestation — comparable to the emissions from all of the cars and trucks on the planet.

Land-use change, such as deforestation, caused about 31% of cumulative emissions over 1870–2017, coal 32%, oil 25%, and gas 10%.

“The most famous of these studies, published in 2010 by Paul Kench and Arthur Webb of the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission in Fiji, showed that of 27 Pacific islands, 14% lost area.

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is an international synthesis by over 1000 of the world's leading biological scientists that analyzes the state of the Earth's ecosystems and provides summaries and guidelines for decision-makers.

Global warming is driving major melting on the surface of Greenland’s glaciers and is speeding up their travel into the sea.”

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

Drought in the western U.S. pales in comparison to the mega-droughts tree rings tell us existed in centuries past.

More recently, anthropogenic activities have steadily increased the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere; about 30–40% of the added CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, forming carbonic acid and lowering the pH (now below 8.1) through a process called ocean acidification.

more than 100 per cent of the warming over the past century is due to human actions.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years.

"...the largest of all the positive or temperature-amplifying feedbacks in the UN’s arsenal is the water-vapor feedback.

The main reinforcing feedbacks are the water vapour feedback, the ice–albedo feedback, and probably the net effect of clouds.

’Extremely remarkable’ 2017 heads toward record for hottest year without an El Niño episode.

In 2015, all (then) 196 parties to the convention came together for the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris 30 November - 12 December and adopted by consensus the Paris Agreement, aimed at limiting global warming to less than two degrees Celsius, and pursue efforts to limit the rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years.

Skeptics have long pointed to ice gain in the Southern Hemisphere as evidence climate change wasn’t occurring, but scientists warned that it was caused by natural variations and circulations in the atmosphere.

In November 2017, a second warning to humanity signed by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries stated that "the current trajectory of potentially catastrophic climate change due to rising greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural production – particularly from farming ruminants for meat consumption" is "especially troubling".

The report suggests significantly smaller overall ice-mass losses than previous estimates.

There has been significant and ongoing ice volume losses on the largest New Zealand glaciers, including the Tasman, Ivory, Classen, Mueller, Maud, Hooker, Grey, Godley, Ramsay, Murchison, Therma, Volta and Douglas Glaciers.

Hansen's 1988 results are evidence that the actual climate sensitivity is about 3°C for a doubling of atmospheric CO2.

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.

The IPCC statement on Amazon rain forests is correct.

Tuvaluan leaders have been concerned about the effects of rising sea levels.

“A leading Canadian authority on polar bears, Mitch Taylor, said: ‘We’re seeing an increase in bears that’s really unprecedented, and in places where we’re seeing a decrease in the population

Warnings about the future of the polar bear are often contrasted with the fact that worldwide population estimates have increased over the past 50 years and are relatively stable today.

The past shows that climate change is normal, that warmer times and more atmospheric carbon dioxide have driven biodiversity and that cold times kill.”

The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere.

Climate skeptics argue temperature records have been adjusted in recent years to make the past appear cooler and the present warmer, although the Carbon Brief showed that NOAA has actually made the past warmer, evening out the difference.

7–10 "There is now convincing evidence that since the industrial revolution, human activities, resulting in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have become a major agent of climate change.

In Alaska, brown bears are changing their feeding habits to eat elderberries that ripen earlier.

There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate.

Climate change isn't increasing extreme weather damage costs

Global losses reveal rapidly rising costs due to extreme weather-related events since the 1970s.

Individual carbon dioxide molecules have a short life time of around 5 years in the atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is of greatest concern because it exerts a larger overall warming influence than all of these other gases combined and because it has a long atmospheric lifetime (hundreds to thousands of years).

While methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2, there is over 200 times more CO2 in the atmosphere.

In Greenland, glacier retreat has been observed in outlet glaciers, resulting in an increase of the ice flow rate and destabilization of the mass balance of the ice sheet that is their source.

A large amount of warming is delayed, and if we don’t act now we could pass tipping points.

Both the Greenland ice sheet and Antarctica have tipping points for warming levels that could be reached before the end of the 21st century.

Lindzen and Choi’s paper is viewed as unacceptably flawed by other climate scientists.

Andrew Dessler published a paper which found errors in Lindzen and Choi 2011, and concluded that the observations it had presented "are not in fundamental disagreement with mainstream climate models, nor do they provide evidence that clouds are causing climate change.

more than 100 per cent of the warming over the past century is due to human actions

Study author Katherine Richardson stresses, "We note that the Earth has never in its history had a quasi-stable state that is around 2 °C warmer than the preindustrial and suggest that there is substantial risk that the system, itself, will ‘want’ to continue warming because of all of these other processes – even if we stop emissions.

The melting Greenland ice sheet is already a major contributor to rising sea level and if it was eventually lost entirely, the oceans would rise by six metres around the world, flooding many of the world’s largest cities.

The Keeling Curve is a graph of the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere based on continuous measurements taken at the Mauna Loa Observatory on the island of Hawaii from 1958 to the present day.

But like most claims regarding global warming, the real effect is small, probably temporary, and most likely due to natural weather patterns

Natural science is concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.

more than 100 per cent of the warming over the past century is due to human actions.

There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions.

The Little Ice Age ended as recently as 1850.

The Little Ice Age ended in the latter half of the 19th century or early in the 20th century.

Over the last decade, heatwaves are five times more likely than if there had been no global warming.

The effects of climate change have been projected to make heat waves in places such as Europe up to five times more likely to occur.

The team of climate scientists notes that in failing to predict the warming ‘hiatus’ in the beginning of the 21st century, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models overestimated temperature increases…

Ocean heat content can be estimated using temperature measurements obtained by a Nansen bottle, an ARGO float, or ocean acoustic tomography.

Satellite temperature readings going back to 1979 show 1998 was by far the warmest year in the satellite era

The rate of ice loss has increased from an average of 33 billion tonnes a year in the 1990s, to 254 billion tonnes a year in the last decade.

Methane plays a minor role in global warming but could get much worse if permafrost starts to melt.

"Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011".

The projection that much of the Great Barrier Reef could perish within the next few decades could turn out to be too pessimistic, since other research has shown that some species of corals are surprisingly resilient to the stress from changing ocean temperatures.

Bleaching events in benthic coral communities (deeper than 20 metres or 66 feet) in the Great Barrier reef are not as well documented as those at shallower depths, but recent research has shown that benthic communities are just as negatively impacted in the face of rising ocean temperatures.

The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere ...".

There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate.

The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

The Little Ice Age caused crop failures and famines in Europe.

‘While volcanic eruptions are natural events, it was the timing of these that had such a noticeable effect on the trend.

Glaciers are currently retreating at significant rates throughout the southern hemisphere.

The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs and conspiracy theories that are contradicted by empirical observational data.

This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature.

IPCC graph showing accelerating trends is misleading

The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened".

Carbon pollution is a health hazard.

Henrik Svensmark has suggested that the magnetic activity of the sun deflects cosmic rays, and that this may influence the generation of cloud condensation nuclei, and thereby have an effect on the climate.

The noted oceanographer Walter Munk referred to sea-level rise as an “enigma”

New Scientist has drawn attention to Hasnain's claim about the timing of glaciers disappearing: "Glaciers in the Himalaya are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high," says the International Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) in its recent study on Asian glaciers.

Water vapour is the most dominant greenhouse gas.

He was a lead author of the 2001 and 2007 IPCC Scientific Assessment of Climate Change (see IPCC Fourth Assessment Report) and serves on the Scientific Steering Group for the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) program.

Greenland ice sheet … would balloon sea levels by around 7m should it disintegrate

For contrast, today the carbon dioxide levels are at 400 ppm or 0.04%.

CO2 increase is natural, not human-caused

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.

Since the end of 2012, moreover, total polar ice extent has largely remained above the post-1979 average.

Surface water temperatures, which vary with latitude, current systems, and season and reflect the latitudinal distribution of solar energy, range from below −2 °C (28 °F) to over 30 °C (86 °F).

The public understand it, in that if you get a fall evening or spring evening and the sky is clear the heat will escape and the temperature will drop and you get frost.

As the water vapor condenses into liquid, latent heat is released, which warms the air, causing it to become less dense than the surrounding, drier air.

In recent decades this warming has been accompanied by a constant rise in the sea level and, it would appear, by an increase of extreme weather events, even if a scientifically determinable cause cannot be assigned to each particular phenomenon.

The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts.

“Underneath the permafrost there are sediments full of methane hydrates.

Confidence in model estimates is higher for some climate variables (e.g., temperature) than for others (e.g., precipitation).

Therefore human emissions upset the natural balance, rising CO2 to levels not seen in at least 800,000 years.

Human activities have caused CO 2 to increase above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.

The extreme cycles of dry and wet weather appear to have been intensifying over the last three decades.

In the last 30–40 years, heat waves with high humidity have become more frequent and severe.

Even as sea ice in the Arctic has seen a rapid and consistent decline over the past decade, its counterpart in the Southern Hemisphere has seen its extent increasing.”

The introduction includes this statement: There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use, including agriculture and deforestation.

Global warming leads to much quicker spread of the Zika virus because the increased temperature, "makes mosquitoes mature faster, . . .

When temperature rises, the larvae take a shorter time to mature and, consequently, there is a greater capacity to produce more offspring.

"A new storm and a new red spot on Jupiter hints at climate change, USA TODAY and dozens of other sources explained yesterday.

Since then, Republicans have increasingly taken positions against environmental regulation, with some Republicans rejecting the scientific consensus on climate change.

Sea ice continued its declining trend, both in the Arctic and Antarctic.

As well as the regular seasonal cycle there has been an underlying trend of declining sea ice in the Arctic in recent decades.

The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

For decades, large-scale hunting raised international concern for the future of the species, but populations rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect.

sea-level rise is not accelerating.

However, over time the term has evolved and now refers to the warm and negative phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and is the warming of the ocean surface or above-average sea surface temperatures in either the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.

In South Florida, "we've had nine inches of sea-level rise since the 1920s."

Also, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) writes in their Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report: "The uptake of anthropogenic carbon since 1750 has led to the ocean becoming more acidic with an average decrease in pH of 0.1 units.

Clouds provide negative feedback

Broadly speaking, if clouds, especially low clouds, increase in a warmer climate, the resultant cooling effect leads to a negative feedback in climate response to increased greenhouse gases.

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification, which is catastrophically harming marine life.

Loss of glacier mass is caused by both melting and sublimation.

Venus doesn't have a runaway greenhouse effect

Globally, these effects are estimated to have led to a slight cooling, dominated by an increase in surface albedo.

The most recent ocean measurements show consistent warming.

The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature, show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C, in the period 1880 to 2012, based on multiple independently produced datasets.

a marginally significant warming trend in the data over the past several years, erasing the temperature plateau that vexed climate alarmists have found difficult to explain.

It is extremely likely (95-100% probability) that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951-2010.

Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

Therefore, the strong eastward moving jet streams are in part a simple consequence of the fact that the Equator is warmer than the North and South poles.

Sea level rise is not going to happen.

Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

Over the 21st century, the IPCC projects that in a very high emissions scenario the sea level could rise by 61–110 cm.

In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

Even accounting for the presence of internal climate variability, recent years rank among the warmest on record.

“Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Climate change also increases droughts and heat waves that inhibit plant growth, which makes it uncertain whether this balancing feedback will persist in the future.

Individual carbon dioxide molecules have a short life time of around 5 years in the atmosphere.

The atmospheric lifetime of CO 2 is estimated of the order of 30–95 years.

The El Nino Southern Oscillation shows close correlation to global temperatures over the short term.

Sea ice coverage in the Arctic has shrunk at a much faster rate than it has expanded in the Southern Ocean.

“[Carbon dioxide] just crossed 400 parts per million, and high-end estimates extrapolating from current trends suggest it will hit 1,000 ppm by 2100.

For contrast, today the carbon dioxide levels are at 400 ppm or 0.04%.

Renewables can't provide baseload power

Called the albedo of Earth, around 35 units are reflected back to space: 27 from the top of clouds, 2 from snow and ice-covered areas, and 6 by other parts of the atmosphere.

Even as sea ice in the Arctic has seen a rapid and consistent decline over the past decade, its counterpart in the Southern Hemisphere has seen its extent increasing.”

Antarctic sea ice extent gradually increased in the period of satellite observations, which began in 1979, until a rapid decline in southern hemisphere spring of 2016.

Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

Lyme disease occurs regularly in Northern Hemisphere temperate regions.

Without human intervention, the concentration of CO2 has climbed as high as 7,000 parts per million (ppm) in prior eras, whereas at present the concentration is just over 400 ppm.

Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is a trace gas, currently (mid 2018) having a global average concentration of 409 parts per million by volume (or 622 parts per million by mass).

CO2 changes are closely related to temperature.

Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels.

Even during a period of long term warming, there are short periods of cooling due to climate variability.

El Niño events cause short-term (approximately 1 year in length) spikes in global average surface temperature while La Niña events cause short term cooling.

[T]he raw data, the actual thermometer data[...] shows that the US has been cooling for 80 to 90 years.

The reconstruction found significant variability around a long-term cooling trend of −0.02 °C per century, as expected from orbital forcing, interrupted in the 20th century by rapid warming which stood out from the whole period, with the 1990s "the warmest decade, and 1998 the warmest year, at moderately high levels of confidence".

The long-term correlation between CO2 and temperature is well established.

During the glacial cycles, there was a high correlation between CO 2 concentrations and temperatures.

[climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

20 August July 2015 was the hottest month on Earth since records began in 1880, according to data from NOAA.

[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

A composite record of Arctic ice demonstrates that the floes' retreat began around 1900, experiencing more rapid melting beginning within the past 50 years.

This means the global temperature trend has now shown no further warming for 19 years

Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade.

contrary to the hypothesis that rising temperature is caused by increasing CO2.

Singer argues there is no evidence that the increases in carbon dioxide produced by humans cause global warming, and that if temperatures do rise it will be good for humankind.

However, studies have determined that current technology is sufficient to reduce greenhouse gas emissions the necessary amount, and that we can do so without significant impact on the economy.

The ocean would not become acidic even if it were to absorb the CO2 produced from the combustion of all fossil fuel resources.

Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, COPD, stroke and lung cancer.

as the pathbreaking work by Rosamond Naylor and David Battisti has shown, the tropics are already too hot to efficiently grow grain, and those places where grain is produced today are already at optimal growing temperature — which means even a small warming will push them down the slope of declining productivity.

In late November 2016 surveys of 62 reefs showed that long term heat stress from climate change caused a 29% loss of shallow water coral.

Polar bear numbers are increasing

Due to the volume of ice on land, sea level was about 120 meters lower than present.

CO2 is increasing rapidly, and is reaching levels not seen on the earth for millions of years.

On 12 November 2015, NASA scientists reported that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from human sources continues to increase, reaching levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.

'Our harmless emissions of trifling quantities of carbon dioxide cannot possibly acidify the oceans.

In 2013, 1,216 people died due to the heat.

according, again, to the official figures—during this past 10 years, if anything, mean global temperature, average world temperature, has slightly declined.

The global temperature kept climbing during the decade.

In Alaska, brown bears are changing their feeding habits to eat elderberries that ripen earlier.

The glaciers of Greenland are also contributing to a rise in the global sea level faster than was previously believed.

Al Gore's book is quite accurate, and far more accurate than contrarian books.

In a 2007 court case, a British judge said that while he had "no doubt ...the film was broadly accurate" and its "four main scientific hypotheses ...are supported by a vast quantity of research", he upheld nine of a "long schedule" of alleged errors presented to the court.

The increase in temperatures since 1975 is a consistent feature of all reconstructions.

Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent global warming and related climate changes on Earth.

While the link between cosmic rays and cloud cover is yet to be confirmed, more importantly, there has been no correlation between cosmic rays and global temperatures over the last 30 years of global warming.

The peak of the thermal IR emission from Earth's surface is very close to a strong vibrational absorption band of CO 2 (wavelength 15 microns, or wavenumber 667 cm−1).

“We’ve known about [the greenhouse effect] for more than a century.

Furthermore, the sea ice itself functions to help keep polar climates cool, since the ice exists in expansive enough amounts to maintain a cold environment.

Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors of climate change, but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one.

While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases.

In the process, the cows will emit much greenhouse gas, and they will consume far more calories in beans than they will yield in meat, meaning far more clearcutting of forests to farm cattle feed than would be necessary if the beans above were simply eaten by people.”

A simple exchange of beef to soy beans (a common feed source for cattle) in Americans' diets would, according to one estimate, result in meeting between 46 and 74 percent of the reductions needed to meet the 2020 greenhouse gas emission goals of the United States as pledged in 2009.

Global human emissions are only 3 per cent of total annual emissions.

Robinson asserted in 2008 that the petition has over 31,000 signatories, with 9,000 of these holding a PhD degree.