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Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass

Findings show that Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, enough to raise sea levels by almost 11mm (1.06cm).

Global brightening is caused by changes in cloud cover, reflective aerosols and absorbing aerosols.

Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia.

Consequently, the total amount of Arctic sea ice in 2008 and 2009 are the lowest on record.

From 2008 to 2011, Arctic sea ice minimum extent was higher than 2007, but it did not return to the levels of previous years.

[T]he study indicates “Greenland’s ice may be less susceptible to the massive meltdown predicted by computer models of climate change, the main author ... said in an interview. ...

The net loss in volume and hence sea level contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) has doubled in recent years from 90 km3 (22 cu mi) per year in 1996 to 220 km3 (53 cu mi) per year in 2005.

CO2 increase is natural, not human-caused.

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.

Weather Channel co-founder John Coleman provided evidence that convincingly refutes the concept of anthropogenic global warming.

"Climate Scientists Virtually Unanimous Anthropogenic Global Warming Is True".

“Underneath the permafrost there are sediments full of methane hydrates.

It also contains gas hydrates in places, which are a "potential abundant source of energy" but may also destabilize as subsea permafrost warms and thaws, producing large amounts of methane gas, which is a potent greenhouse gas.

Scientists say halting deforestation ‘just as urgent’ as reducing emissions

Leading scientists and economists say that ending deforestation is the most cost effective and scalable method of reducing greenhouse gases.

That humans are causing the rise in atmospheric CO2 is confirmed by multiple isotopic analyses.

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.

The geological history of the planet shows major planetary climate changes have never been driven by a trace gas

Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.

As a result, the planet as a whole is becoming less reflective and absorbing more sunlight, which is accelerating global warming.

"End-Cretaceous extinction in Antarctica linked to both Deccan volcanism and meteorite impact via climate change".

Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades.

Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

While transient weather variability is playing a key role here, the widespread record warmth across the U.S. so far this year is part of a long-term trend toward more warm temperature records versus cold ones.

Some of Greenland's largest outlet glaciers, such as Jakobshavn Isbræ and Kangerlussuaq Glacier, are flowing faster into the ocean.

Burning fuel to produce fertiliser to grow feed, to produce meat and to transport it - and clearing vegetation for grazing - produces 9 per cent of all emissions of carbon dioxide, the most common greenhouse gas.

Animal husbandry is also responsible for greenhouse gas production of CO 2 and a percentage of the world's methane, and future land infertility, and the displacement of wildlife.

Freedom of Information (FOI) requests were ignored

(2009): The CLOUD experiments at CERN are interesting research but do not provide conclusive evidence that cosmic rays can serve as a major source of cloud seeding.

Our children and grandchildren will look back on the climate deniers and ask how they could have sacrificed the planet for the sake of cheap fossil fuel energy, when the cost of inaction exceeds the cost of a transition to a low-carbon economy,’ Watson said.

At the core of most proposals is the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through reducing energy waste and switching to low-carbon power sources of energy.

Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.

Around 97% of climate experts agree that humans are causing global warming.

97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence.

But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

Mass changes of ice sheets can be monitored by measuring changes in the ice surface height, the deformation of the ground below and the changes in the gravity field over the ice sheet.

When stomata-derived CO2 (red) is compared to ice core-derived CO2 (blue), the stomata generally show much more variability in the atmospheric CO2 level and often show levels much higher than the ice cores.

The rate of ice loss from glaciers and ice sheets in the Antarctic is a key area of uncertainty since this source could account for 90% of the potential sea level rise: increased ocean warmth is undermining and threatening to unplug Antarctic glacier outlets, potentially resulting in more rapid sea level rise.

However, satellite and surface measurements observe an enhanced greenhouse effect at the wavelengths that CO2 absorb energy.

CO 2 absorbs and emits infrared radiation at wavelengths of 4.26 µm (asymmetric stretching vibrational mode) and 14.99 µm (bending vibrational mode) and consequently is a greenhouse gas that plays a significant role in influencing Earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect.

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification, which is catastrophically harming marine life.

(Current projected consequences of global warming include a largely ice-free Arctic Ocean within 5–20 years, see Arctic shrinkage.)

A longer and warmer growing season also has an effect, Dr. Overpeck said, as plants take up more water, further reducing stream flows.

"Evidence is now 'unequivocal' that humans are causing global warming – UN report".

“Carbon dioxide hurts nobody’s health.

However, reassessments found the study to have flawed methodology.

[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

Around much of Earth, deglaciation during the last 100 years has been accelerating as a result of climate change, partly brought on by anthropogenic changes to greenhouse gases.

Australia’s signed a suicide note [with the Paris Accord] yet didn’t seem to notice that China, India, Indonesia and the US did not commit to reducing their large carbon dioxide emissions.

The plan did not include targets for carbon dioxide emission reductions, but it has been estimated that, if fully implemented, China's annual emissions of greenhouse gases would be reduced by 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2010.

Melting ice leads to more sunlight being absorbed by water, thus heating the Arctic.

The fast rate of the sea ice melting is resulting in the oceans absorbing and heating up the Arctic.

Less than half of published scientists endorse global warming.

Nearly all publishing climate scientists (97–98%) support the consensus on anthropogenic climate change, and the remaining 3% of contrarian studies either cannot be replicated or contain errors.

The strong El Niño has continued into 2016, raising the possibility that this year will, yet again, set a global temperature record

"A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic".

Clouds provide negative feedback

The clear message from fingerprint studies is that the observed warming over the last half-century cannot be explained by natural factors, and is instead caused primarily by human factors.

The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events.

"Impacts [of climate change] will very likely increase due to increased frequencies and intensities of some extreme weather events".

Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

It holds the record for the highest verified temperature recorded in India at 51 °C (124 °F) on 19 May 2016.

In looking at Earth’s past, scientists can predict what the future will look like

Scientific inquiry generally aims to obtain knowledge in the form of testable explanations that scientists can use to predict the results of future experiments.

The ocean is absorbing massive amounts of CO2, and is becoming more acidic as a result.

It is expected to drop by a further 0.3 to 0.5 pH units (an additional doubling to tripling of today's post-industrial acid concentrations) by 2100 as the oceans absorb more anthropogenic CO 2, the impacts being most severe for coral reefs and the Southern Ocean.

Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.

The results of a recent review of the literature concluded that as greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters begin to be held liable for damages resulting from GHG emissions resulting in climate change, a high value for liability mitigation would provide powerful incentives for deployment of renewable energy technologies.

Human CO2 is a tiny fraction of CO2 emissions.

Land use change (mainly deforestation in the tropics) account for up to one third of total anthropogenic CO 2 emissions.

[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

The American solar energy industry is highly reliant on foreign parts (80% of parts are made abroad); as a result, the tariffs could raise the costs of solar energy, reduce innovation and reduce jobs in the industry—which in 2017 employed nearly four times as many American workers as the coal industry.

Global brightening is caused by changes in cloud cover, reflective aerosols and absorbing aerosols.

In addition to black carbon, fossil fuel and biofuel soot contain aerosols and particulate matter that cool the planet by reflecting the sun's radiation away from the Earth.

In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

Scientists have determined that the major factors causing the current climate change are greenhouse gases, land use changes, and aerosols and soot.

it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

An air pollutant is a material in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem.

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification, which is catastrophically harming marine life.

Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice.

While the link between cosmic rays and cloud cover is yet to be confirmed, more importantly, there has been no correlation between cosmic rays and global temperatures over the last 30 years of global warming.

Martian geysers (or CO 2 jets) are putative sites of small gas and dust eruptions that occur in the south polar region of Mars during the spring thaw.

The oceans are warming and moreover are becoming more acidic, threatening the food chain.

Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere.

“Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.

Steve McIntyre noticed a strange discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

He discovered a discontinuity in some U.S. records in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) dataset starting in January 2000.

Flights departing airports in the United States and its territories emitted about one-quarter (24%) of global passenger transport-related CO2, two-thirds of which came from domestic flights.

In 2018, CO2 emissions totalled 747 million tonnes for passenger transport, for 8.5 trillion revenue passenger kilometres (RPK), giving an average of 88 gram CO2 per RPK.

receding polar ice caps have little if any negative impact on human health and welfare, and likely a positive benefit

The maximum rainfall and wind speed from hurricanes and typhoons are likely increasing.

What they find is sea level rise has been steadily accelerating over the past century.

Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide.

'Our harmless emissions of trifling quantities of carbon dioxide cannot possibly acidify the oceans.

These rising levels of carbon dioxide are acidifying the oceans.

Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

This could lead to changing, and for all emissions scenarios more unpredictable, weather patterns around the world, less frost days, more extreme events (droughts and storm or flood disasters), and warmer sea temperatures and melting glaciers causing sea levels to rise.

Not only is there no scientific evidence that CO2 is a pollutant, higher CO2 concentrations actually help ecosystems support more plant and animal life.

Plants can grow as much as 50 percent faster in concentrations of 1,000 ppm CO 2 when compared with ambient conditions, though this assumes no change in climate and no limitation on other nutrients.

Climate change isn't increasing extreme weather damage costs.

Global losses reveal rapidly rising costs due to extreme weather-related events since the 1970s.

We’ll still be facing extreme heat, but at a far more manageable level than if we’d done nothing to halt climate change.

Climate change is predicted to increase frequency and magnitude of natural hazards such as extreme heat.

"The observed data show that CFCs conspiring with cosmic rays most likely caused both the Antarctic ozone hole and global warming...

In recent years, scientists have monitored a notable increase in the rate of glacier retreat across the region as a result of climate change.

'Phil Jones said that for the past 15 years there has been no "statistically significant" warming.

It concluded, "The weight of current multi-proxy evidence, therefore, suggests greater 20th-century warmth, in comparison with temperature levels of the previous 400 years, than was shown in the TAR.

The warming is extremely rapid on the geologic time scale, and no other factor can explain it as well as human emissions of greenhouse gases.

Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass.

The sharp acceleration in CO 2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations.

If Senator Wong was really serious about her science she would stop breathing because you inhale air that's got 385 parts per million carbon dioxide in it

Since 2007, the total greenhouse gas emissions by the United States are the second highest by country, exceeded only by China.

Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change.

The extreme cycles of dry and wet weather appear to have been intensifying over the last three decades.

The Arctic ice pack is thinning, and a seasonal hole in the ozone layer frequently occurs.

Scientists confirm a mass bleaching event on the Great Barrier Reef this year has killed more corals than ever before, with more than two thirds destroyed across large swathes of the biodiverse site.

Laser and radar altimeters on satellites have provided a wide range of data.

Global surface temperatures have continued to rise steadily beneath short-term natural cooling effects, and the rise in global heat content has not slowed at all.

Throughout this period ocean heat storage continued to progress steadily upwards, and in subsequent years surface temperatures have spiked upwards.

There will still be about a million square kilometres of ice in the Arctic in summer

In the Arctic, the area of ocean covered by sea ice increases over winter from a minimum in September to a maximum in March or sometimes February, before melting over the summer.

there is no relationship between temperature and carbon dioxide emissions by ­humans[...]

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.

Rather than 100 years of unprecedented global warming as predicted by IPCC, the global temperatures have leveled off and we seem to be heading for cooler weather."

Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade.

It appears, for the entire tropics, the observed outgoing radiation fluxes increase with the increase in sea surface temperatures (SSTs).

This feedback would partially cancel the increased surface warming due to the cloudiness.

[Jonathan Overpeck:] ‘No doubt about it anymore — humans, mainly by burning fossil fuels, are cooking the planet,’ Overpeck said.

Temperature-related changes include longer growing season, more heatwaves and fewer cold spells, thawing permafrost, earlier river ice break-up, earlier spring runoff, and earlier budding of trees.

The projection that much of the Great Barrier Reef could perish within the next few decades could turn out to be too pessimistic, since other research has shown that some species of corals are surprisingly resilient to the stress from changing ocean temperatures.

The albedo of increased cloudiness cools the climate, resulting in a negative feedback; while the reflection of infrared radiation by clouds warms the climate, resulting in a positive feedback.

Satellite and surface measurements find less energy is escaping to space at CO2 absorption wavelengths.

The spatial and temporal fingerprint of warming can be traced to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which are a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity."

Satellite transmissions are extremely small and irrelevant.

Arrhenius calculated the temperature increase expected from doubling CO 2 to be around 5-6 °C.

Claims have recently surfaced in the blogosphere that an increasing number of scientists are warning of an imminent global cooling, some even going so far as to call it a "growing consensus".

The current scientific consensus on climate change is that the Earth underwent global warming throughout the 20th century and continues to warm.

In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s, rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009.

While the greenhouse effect is a natural occurence, too much warming has severe negative impacts on agriculture, health and environment.

The impact on the environment, ecosystems, the animal kingdom, society and humanity depends on how much more the Earth warms.

"Unquestionably, the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was formed to build the scientific case for humanity being the primary cause of global warming.

Climate sensitivity is typically estimated in three ways; by using observations taken during the industrial age, by using temperature and other data from the Earth's past and by modelling the climate system in computers.

Everybody knows that the Pacific island of Tuvalu is sinking. ...

June 2019 was the hottest month on record worldwide, the effects of this were especially prominent in Europe.

Global warming is increasing the magnitude and frequency of droughts and floods.

Climate change also increases droughts and heat waves that inhibit plant growth, which makes it uncertain whether this balancing feedback will persist in the future.

The warm and cool regions roughly balance each other out with little impact on global temperature.

Globally, these effects are estimated to have led to a slight cooling, dominated by an increase in surface albedo.

"The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a temperature pattern in the Pacific Ocean that spends roughly 20-30 years in the cool phase or the warm phase.

Other scientists were initially sceptical and believed the greenhouse effect to be saturated so that adding more CO 2 would make no difference.

Since 1965, more parts of the U.S. have seen a decrease in flooding than have seen an increase.

In the United States and many other parts of the world there has been a marked increase in intense rainfall events which have resulted in more severe flooding.

(In technical lingo, the so-called social cost of carbon would be negative.)”

While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases.

The polar bear population has been growing.

This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers.

On a world scale coral reefs are in decline.

Coral reef systems have been in decline worldwide.

Global warming responsible for record 2019 July warmth in Alaska.

Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s, rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009.

The melting Greenland ice sheet is already a major contributor to rising sea level and if it was eventually lost entirely, the oceans would rise by six metres around the world, flooding many of the world’s largest cities.

In Greenland, glacier retreat has been observed in outlet glaciers, resulting in an increase of the ice flow rate and destabilization of the mass balance of the ice sheet that is their source.

If every nation agrees to limit CO2 emissions, we can achieve significant cuts on a global scale.

"New Red Spot Appears on Jupiter".

"An article in Science magazine illustrated that a rise in carbon dioxide did not precede a rise in temperatures, but actually lagged behind temperature rises by 200 to 1000 years.

The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report reverted to the earlier range of 1.5 to 4.5 °C (2.7 to 8.1 °F) (high confidence) because some estimates using industrial-age data came out low.

Greenland on the whole is losing ice, as confirmed by satellite measurement.

These measurements came from the US space agency's GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite, launched in 2002, as reported by BBC.

Rob Portman voted for the bipartisan bill to affirm climate change is real, humans significantly contribute to it and it needs to be addressed.

Portman would later co-sponsor an amendment to the 2017 Energy Bill that specifies climate change is real and human activity contributes to the problem.

This means the global temperature trend has now shown no further warming for 19 years

It is likely that anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) warming, such as that due to elevated greenhouse gas levels, has had a discernible influence on many physical and biological systems.

Ancient natural cycles are irrelevant for attributing recent global warming to humans.

There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions.

El Niño drove record highs in global temperatures suggesting rise may not be down to man-made emissions.

This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers.

"Rapid loss of ice-mass from the glaciers of Greenland and Antarctica are cited as proof positive of global warming's onslaught.

The Greenland, and possibly the Antarctic, ice sheets have been losing mass recently, because losses by ablation including outlet glaciers exceed accumulation of snowfall.

In fact, the rate of increase from September onward is the fastest rate of change on record, either upwards or downwards.

It then entered a pronounced decline, which accelerated markedly in October 2008.

Global warming' is a myth — so say 80 graphs from 58 peer-reviewed scientific papers published in 2017.

"US Navy predicts summer ice free Arctic by 2016".

Numerous papers have documented how IPCC predictions are more likely to underestimate the climate response.

Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels.

However, it is unable to explain the long term warming trend over the past few decades.

Since 1950, the number of cold days and nights have decreased, and the number of warm days and night have increased.

Methane plays a minor role in global warming but could get much worse if permafrost starts to melt.

It is thought that permafrost thawing could exacerbate global warming by releasing methane and other hydrocarbons, which are powerful greenhouse gases.

Over the three years from 1979 to 1982 when CO2 emissions were decreasing due to the rapid increase in the price of oil that drastically reduced consumption, there was no change in the rate of increase in atmospheric concentration of CO2 proving that humans were not the primary source for the increase in concentration.'

Combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation have caused the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide to increase by about 43% since the beginning of the age of industrialization.

Climate change is because of Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a robust, recurring pattern of ocean-atmosphere climate variability centered over the mid-latitude Pacific basin.

Murry Salby finds CO2 rise is natural.

It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.