Datasets:

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like 10

sentence-transformers/multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1

sentence-transformers

sentence-transformers

sentence-similarity

--- language: - en library_name: sentence-transformers tags: - sentence-transformers - feature-extraction - sentence-similarity - transformers datasets: - flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml - ms_marco - gooaq - yahoo_answers_topics - search_qa - eli5 - natural_questions - trivia_qa - embedding-data/QQP - embedding-data/PAQ_pairs - embedding-data/Amazon-QA - embedding-data/WikiAnswers pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity --- # multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1 This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384 dimensional dense vector space and was designed for **semantic search**. It has been trained on 215M (question, answer) pairs from diverse sources. For an introduction to semantic search, have a look at: [SBERT.net - Semantic Search](https://www.sbert.net/examples/applications/semantic-search/README.html) ## Usage (Sentence-Transformers) Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed: ``` pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can use the model like this: ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer, util query = "How many people live in London?" docs = ["Around 9 Million people live in London", "London is known for its financial district"] #Load the model model = SentenceTransformer('sentence-transformers/multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1') #Encode query and documents query_emb = model.encode(query) doc_emb = model.encode(docs) #Compute dot score between query and all document embeddings scores = util.dot_score(query_emb, doc_emb)[0].cpu().tolist() #Combine docs & scores doc_score_pairs = list(zip(docs, scores)) #Sort by decreasing score doc_score_pairs = sorted(doc_score_pairs, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True) #Output passages & scores for doc, score in doc_score_pairs: print(score, doc) ``` ## PyTorch Usage (HuggingFace Transformers) Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the correct pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel import torch import torch.nn.functional as F #Mean Pooling - Take average of all tokens def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask): token_embeddings = model_output.last_hidden_state input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float() return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9) #Encode text def encode(texts): # Tokenize sentences encoded_input = tokenizer(texts, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') # Compute token embeddings with torch.no_grad(): model_output = model(**encoded_input, return_dict=True) # Perform pooling embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask']) # Normalize embeddings embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1) return embeddings # Sentences we want sentence embeddings for query = "How many people live in London?" docs = ["Around 9 Million people live in London", "London is known for its financial district"] # Load model from HuggingFace Hub tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sentence-transformers/multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1") model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("sentence-transformers/multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1") #Encode query and docs query_emb = encode(query) doc_emb = encode(docs) #Compute dot score between query and all document embeddings scores = torch.mm(query_emb, doc_emb.transpose(0, 1))[0].cpu().tolist() #Combine docs & scores doc_score_pairs = list(zip(docs, scores)) #Sort by decreasing score doc_score_pairs = sorted(doc_score_pairs, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True) #Output passages & scores for doc, score in doc_score_pairs: print(score, doc) ``` ## TensorFlow Usage (HuggingFace Transformers) Similarly to the PyTorch example above, to use the model with TensorFlow you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the correct pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFAutoModel import tensorflow as tf #Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask): token_embeddings = model_output.last_hidden_state input_mask_expanded = tf.cast(tf.tile(tf.expand_dims(attention_mask, -1), [1, 1, token_embeddings.shape[-1]]), tf.float32) return tf.math.reduce_sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / tf.math.maximum(tf.math.reduce_sum(input_mask_expanded, 1), 1e-9) #Encode text def encode(texts): # Tokenize sentences encoded_input = tokenizer(texts, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='tf') # Compute token embeddings model_output = model(**encoded_input, return_dict=True) # Perform pooling embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask']) # Normalize embeddings embeddings = tf.math.l2_normalize(embeddings, axis=1) return embeddings # Sentences we want sentence embeddings for query = "How many people live in London?" docs = ["Around 9 Million people live in London", "London is known for its financial district"] # Load model from HuggingFace Hub tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sentence-transformers/multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1") model = TFAutoModel.from_pretrained("sentence-transformers/multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1") #Encode query and docs query_emb = encode(query) doc_emb = encode(docs) #Compute dot score between query and all document embeddings scores = (query_emb @ tf.transpose(doc_emb))[0].numpy().tolist() #Combine docs & scores doc_score_pairs = list(zip(docs, scores)) #Sort by decreasing score doc_score_pairs = sorted(doc_score_pairs, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True) #Output passages & scores for doc, score in doc_score_pairs: print(score, doc) ``` ## Technical Details In the following some technical details how this model must be used: | Setting | Value | | --- | :---: | | Dimensions | 384 | | Produces normalized embeddings | Yes | | Pooling-Method | Mean pooling | | Suitable score functions | dot-product (`util.dot_score`), cosine-similarity (`util.cos_sim`), or euclidean distance | Note: When loaded with `sentence-transformers`, this model produces normalized embeddings with length 1. In that case, dot-product and cosine-similarity are equivalent. dot-product is preferred as it is faster. Euclidean distance is proportional to dot-product and can also be used. ---- ## Background The project aims to train sentence embedding models on very large sentence level datasets using a self-supervised contrastive learning objective. We use a contrastive learning objective: given a sentence from the pair, the model should predict which out of a set of randomly sampled other sentences, was actually paired with it in our dataset. We developped this model during the [Community week using JAX/Flax for NLP & CV](https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/open-to-the-community-community-week-using-jax-flax-for-nlp-cv/7104), organized by Hugging Face. We developped this model as part of the project: [Train the Best Sentence Embedding Model Ever with 1B Training Pairs](https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/train-the-best-sentence-embedding-model-ever-with-1b-training-pairs/7354). We benefited from efficient hardware infrastructure to run the project: 7 TPUs v3-8, as well as intervention from Googles Flax, JAX, and Cloud team member about efficient deep learning frameworks. ## Intended uses Our model is intented to be used for semantic search: It encodes queries / questions and text paragraphs in a dense vector space. It finds relevant documents for the given passages. Note that there is a limit of 512 word pieces: Text longer than that will be truncated. Further note that the model was just trained on input text up to 250 word pieces. It might not work well for longer text. ## Training procedure The full training script is accessible in this current repository: `train_script.py`. ### Pre-training We use the pretrained [`nreimers/MiniLM-L6-H384-uncased`](https://huggingface.co/nreimers/MiniLM-L6-H384-uncased) model. Please refer to the model card for more detailed information about the pre-training procedure. #### Training We use the concatenation from multiple datasets to fine-tune our model. In total we have about 215M (question, answer) pairs. We sampled each dataset given a weighted probability which configuration is detailed in the `data_config.json` file. The model was trained with [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://www.sbert.net/docs/package_reference/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) using Mean-pooling, cosine-similarity as similarity function, and a scale of 20. | Dataset | Number of training tuples | |--------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------:| | [WikiAnswers](https://github.com/afader/oqa#wikianswers-corpus) Duplicate question pairs from WikiAnswers | 77,427,422 | | [PAQ](https://github.com/facebookresearch/PAQ) Automatically generated (Question, Paragraph) pairs for each paragraph in Wikipedia | 64,371,441 | | [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) (Title, Body) pairs from all StackExchanges | 25,316,456 | | [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) (Title, Answer) pairs from all StackExchanges | 21,396,559 | | [MS MARCO](https://microsoft.github.io/msmarco/) Triplets (query, answer, hard_negative) for 500k queries from Bing search engine | 17,579,773 | | [GOOAQ: Open Question Answering with Diverse Answer Types](https://github.com/allenai/gooaq) (query, answer) pairs for 3M Google queries and Google featured snippet | 3,012,496 | | [Amazon-QA](http://jmcauley.ucsd.edu/data/amazon/qa/) (Question, Answer) pairs from Amazon product pages | 2,448,839 | [Yahoo Answers](https://www.kaggle.com/soumikrakshit/yahoo-answers-dataset) (Title, Answer) pairs from Yahoo Answers | 1,198,260 | | [Yahoo Answers](https://www.kaggle.com/soumikrakshit/yahoo-answers-dataset) (Question, Answer) pairs from Yahoo Answers | 681,164 | | [Yahoo Answers](https://www.kaggle.com/soumikrakshit/yahoo-answers-dataset) (Title, Question) pairs from Yahoo Answers | 659,896 | | [SearchQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/search_qa) (Question, Answer) pairs for 140k questions, each with Top5 Google snippets on that question | 582,261 | | [ELI5](https://huggingface.co/datasets/eli5) (Question, Answer) pairs from Reddit ELI5 (explainlikeimfive) | 325,475 | | [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) Duplicate questions pairs (titles) | 304,525 | | [Quora Question Triplets](https://quoradata.quora.com/First-Quora-Dataset-Release-Question-Pairs) (Question, Duplicate_Question, Hard_Negative) triplets for Quora Questions Pairs dataset | 103,663 | | [Natural Questions (NQ)](https://ai.google.com/research/NaturalQuestions) (Question, Paragraph) pairs for 100k real Google queries with relevant Wikipedia paragraph | 100,231 | | [SQuAD2.0](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/) (Question, Paragraph) pairs from SQuAD2.0 dataset | 87,599 | | [TriviaQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/trivia_qa) (Question, Evidence) pairs | 73,346 | | **Total** | **214,988,242** |

MattyB95/AST-VoxCelebSpoof-Synthetic-Voice-Detection

MattyB95

transformers

audio-classification

--- license: mit base_model: MIT/ast-finetuned-audioset-10-10-0.4593 tags: - generated_from_trainer metrics: - accuracy - f1 - precision - recall model-index: - name: AST-VoxCelebSpoof-Synthetic-Voice-Detection results: [] datasets: - MattyB95/VoxCelebSpoof language: - en --- <!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. --> # AST-VoxCelebSpoof-Synthetic-Voice-Detection This model is a fine-tuned version of [MIT/ast-finetuned-audioset-10-10-0.4593](https://huggingface.co/MIT/ast-finetuned-audioset-10-10-0.4593) on the None dataset. It achieves the following results on the evaluation set: - Loss: 89136693248.0 - Accuracy: 0.9999 - F1: 0.9999 - Precision: 1.0 - Recall: 0.9998 ## Model description More information needed ## Intended uses & limitations More information needed ## Training and evaluation data More information needed ## Training procedure ### Training hyperparameters The following hyperparameters were used during training: - learning_rate: 5e-05 - train_batch_size: 8 - eval_batch_size: 8 - seed: 42 - optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 - lr_scheduler_type: linear - num_epochs: 3.0 ### Training results | Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy | F1 | Precision | Recall | |:-----------------:|:-----:|:-----:|:---------------:|:--------:|:------:|:---------:|:------:| | 2218896740319.232 | 1.0 | 29527 | 611463921664.0 | 0.9998 | 0.9998 | 0.9999 | 0.9997 | | 522149441830.912 | 2.0 | 59054 | 284563668992.0 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9999 | 0.9996 | | 0.0 | 3.0 | 88581 | 89136693248.0 | 0.9999 | 0.9999 | 1.0 | 0.9998 | ### Framework versions - Transformers 4.36.2 - Pytorch 2.1.2 - Datasets 2.16.1 - Tokenizers 0.15.0

pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0

pyannote

pyannote-audio

automatic-speech-recognition

--- tags: - pyannote - pyannote-audio - pyannote-audio-pipeline - audio - voice - speech - speaker - speaker-diarization - speaker-change-detection - voice-activity-detection - overlapped-speech-detection - automatic-speech-recognition license: mit extra_gated_prompt: "The collected information will help acquire a better knowledge of pyannote.audio userbase and help its maintainers improve it further. Though this pipeline uses MIT license and will always remain open-source, we will occasionnally email you about premium pipelines and paid services around pyannote." extra_gated_fields: Company/university: text Website: text --- Using this open-source model in production? Consider switching to [pyannoteAI](https://www.pyannote.ai) for better and faster options. # 🎹 Speaker diarization 3.0 This pipeline has been trained by Séverin Baroudi with [pyannote.audio](https://github.com/pyannote/pyannote-audio) `3.0.0` using a combination of the training sets of AISHELL, AliMeeting, AMI, AVA-AVD, DIHARD, Ego4D, MSDWild, REPERE, and VoxConverse. It ingests mono audio sampled at 16kHz and outputs speaker diarization as an [`Annotation`](http://pyannote.github.io/pyannote-core/structure.html#annotation) instance: * stereo or multi-channel audio files are automatically downmixed to mono by averaging the channels. * audio files sampled at a different rate are resampled to 16kHz automatically upon loading. ## Requirements 1. Install [`pyannote.audio`](https://github.com/pyannote/pyannote-audio) `3.0` with `pip install pyannote.audio` 2. Accept [`pyannote/segmentation-3.0`](https://hf.co/pyannote/segmentation-3.0) user conditions 3. Accept [`pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0`](https://hf.co/pyannote-speaker-diarization-3.0) user conditions 4. Create access token at [`hf.co/settings/tokens`](https://hf.co/settings/tokens). ## Usage ```python # instantiate the pipeline from pyannote.audio import Pipeline pipeline = Pipeline.from_pretrained( "pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0", use_auth_token="HUGGINGFACE_ACCESS_TOKEN_GOES_HERE") # run the pipeline on an audio file diarization = pipeline("audio.wav") # dump the diarization output to disk using RTTM format with open("audio.rttm", "w") as rttm: diarization.write_rttm(rttm) ``` ### Processing on GPU `pyannote.audio` pipelines run on CPU by default. You can send them to GPU with the following lines: ```python import torch pipeline.to(torch.device("cuda")) ``` Real-time factor is around 2.5% using one Nvidia Tesla V100 SXM2 GPU (for the neural inference part) and one Intel Cascade Lake 6248 CPU (for the clustering part). In other words, it takes approximately 1.5 minutes to process a one hour conversation. ### Processing from memory Pre-loading audio files in memory may result in faster processing: ```python waveform, sample_rate = torchaudio.load("audio.wav") diarization = pipeline({"waveform": waveform, "sample_rate": sample_rate}) ``` ### Monitoring progress Hooks are available to monitor the progress of the pipeline: ```python from pyannote.audio.pipelines.utils.hook import ProgressHook with ProgressHook() as hook: diarization = pipeline("audio.wav", hook=hook) ``` ### Controlling the number of speakers In case the number of speakers is known in advance, one can use the `num_speakers` option: ```python diarization = pipeline("audio.wav", num_speakers=2) ``` One can also provide lower and/or upper bounds on the number of speakers using `min_speakers` and `max_speakers` options: ```python diarization = pipeline("audio.wav", min_speakers=2, max_speakers=5) ``` ## Benchmark This pipeline has been benchmarked on a large collection of datasets. Processing is fully automatic: * no manual voice activity detection (as is sometimes the case in the literature) * no manual number of speakers (though it is possible to provide it to the pipeline) * no fine-tuning of the internal models nor tuning of the pipeline hyper-parameters to each dataset ... with the least forgiving diarization error rate (DER) setup (named *"Full"* in [this paper](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2021.101254)): * no forgiveness collar * evaluation of overlapped speech | Benchmark | [DER%](. "Diarization error rate") | [FA%](. "False alarm rate") | [Miss%](. "Missed detection rate") | [Conf%](. "Speaker confusion rate") | Expected output | File-level evaluation | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [AISHELL-4](http://www.openslr.org/111/) | 12.3 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 4.1 | [RTTM](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AISHELL.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.rttm) | [eval](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AISHELL.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.eval) | | [AliMeeting (*channel 1*)](https://www.openslr.org/119/) | 24.3 | 4.4 | 10.0 | 9.9 | [RTTM](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AliMeeting.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.rttm) | [eval](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AliMeeting.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.eval) | | [AMI (*headset mix,*](https://groups.inf.ed.ac.uk/ami/corpus/) [*only_words*)](https://github.com/BUTSpeechFIT/AMI-diarization-setup) | 19.0 | 3.6 | 9.5 | 5.9 | [RTTM](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AMI.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.rttm) | [eval](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AMI.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.eval) | | [AMI (*array1, channel 1,*](https://groups.inf.ed.ac.uk/ami/corpus/) [*only_words)*](https://github.com/BUTSpeechFIT/AMI-diarization-setup) | 22.2 | 3.8 | 11.2 | 7.3 | [RTTM](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AMI-SDM.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.rttm) | [eval](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AMI-SDM.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.eval) | | [AVA-AVD](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.14448) | 49.1 | 10.8 | 15.7| 22.5 | [RTTM](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AVA-AVD.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.rttm) | [eval](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/AVA-AVD.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.eval) | | [DIHARD 3 (*Full*)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01477) | 21.7 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 7.3 | [RTTM](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/DIHARD.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.rttm) | [eval](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/DIHARD.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.eval) | | [MSDWild](https://x-lance.github.io/MSDWILD/) | 24.6 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 10.7 | [RTTM](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/MSDWILD.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.rttm) | [eval](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/MSDWILD.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.eval) | | [REPERE (*phase 2*)](https://islrn.org/resources/360-758-359-485-0/) | 7.8 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 3.5 | [RTTM](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/REPERE.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.rttm) | [eval](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/REPERE.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.eval) | | [VoxConverse (*v0.3*)](https://github.com/joonson/voxconverse) | 11.3 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 3.8 | [RTTM](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/VoxConverse.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.rttm) | [eval](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/speaker-diarization-3.0.0/blob/main/reproducible_research/VoxConverse.SpeakerDiarization.Benchmark.test.eval) | ## Citations ```bibtex @inproceedings{Plaquet23, author={Alexis Plaquet and Hervé Bredin}, title={{Powerset multi-class cross entropy loss for neural speaker diarization}}, year=2023, booktitle={Proc. INTERSPEECH 2023}, } ``` ```bibtex @inproceedings{Bredin23, author={Hervé Bredin}, title={{pyannote.audio 2.1 speaker diarization pipeline: principle, benchmark, and recipe}}, year=2023, booktitle={Proc. INTERSPEECH 2023}, } ```

patrickjohncyh/fashion-clip

patrickjohncyh

transformers

zero-shot-image-classification

--- license: mit tags: - vision - language - fashion - ecommerce library_name: transformers language: - en widget: - src: https://cdn-images.farfetch-contents.com/19/76/05/56/19760556_44221665_1000.jpg candidate_labels: black shoe, red shoe, a cat example_title: Black Shoe --- [](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqRSc-KSA1Y) [](https://huggingface.co/patrickjohncyh/fashion-clip) [](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1Z1hAxBnWjF76bEi9KQ6CMBBEmI_FVDrW?usp=sharing) [](https://towardsdatascience.com/teaching-clip-some-fashion-3005ac3fdcc3) [](https://huggingface.co/spaces/vinid/fashion-clip-app) # Model Card: Fashion CLIP Disclaimer: The model card adapts the model card from [here](https://huggingface.co/openai/clip-vit-base-patch32). ## Model Details UPDATE (10/03/23): We have updated the model! We found that [laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-laion2B-s34B-b79K](https://huggingface.co/laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-laion2B-s34B-b79K) checkpoint (thanks [Bin](https://www.linkedin.com/in/bin-duan-56205310/)!) worked better than original OpenAI CLIP on Fashion. We thus fine-tune a newer (and better!) version of FashionCLIP (henceforth FashionCLIP 2.0), while keeping the architecture the same. We postulate that the perofrmance gains afforded by `laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-laion2B-s34B-b79K` are due to the increased training data (5x OpenAI CLIP data). Our [thesis](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-23052-9), however, remains the same -- fine-tuning `laion/CLIP` on our fashion dataset improved zero-shot perofrmance across our benchmarks. See the below table comparing weighted macro F1 score across models. | Model | FMNIST | KAGL | DEEP | | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | | OpenAI CLIP | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.45 | | FashionCLIP | 0.74 | 0.67 | 0.48 | | Laion CLIP | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.58 | | FashionCLIP 2.0 | __0.83__ | __0.73__ | __0.62__ | --- FashionCLIP is a CLIP-based model developed to produce general product representations for fashion concepts. Leveraging the pre-trained checkpoint (ViT-B/32) released by [OpenAI](https://github.com/openai/CLIP), we train FashionCLIP on a large, high-quality novel fashion dataset to study whether domain specific fine-tuning of CLIP-like models is sufficient to produce product representations that are zero-shot transferable to entirely new datasets and tasks. FashionCLIP was not developed for model deplyoment - to do so, researchers will first need to carefully study their capabilities in relation to the specific context they’re being deployed within. ### Model Date March 2023 ### Model Type The model uses a ViT-B/32 Transformer architecture as an image encoder and uses a masked self-attention Transformer as a text encoder. These encoders are trained, starting from a pre-trained checkpoint, to maximize the similarity of (image, text) pairs via a contrastive loss on a fashion dataset containing 800K products. ### Documents - [FashionCLIP Github Repo](https://github.com/patrickjohncyh/fashion-clip) - [FashionCLIP Paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-23052-9) ## Data The model was trained on (image, text) pairs obtained from the Farfecth dataset[^1 Awaiting official release.], an English dataset comprising over 800K fashion products, with more than 3K brands across dozens of object types. The image used for encoding is the standard product image, which is a picture of the item over a white background, with no humans. The text used is a concatenation of the _highlight_ (e.g., “stripes”, “long sleeves”, “Armani”) and _short description_ (“80s styled t-shirt”)) available in the Farfetch dataset. ## Limitations, Bias and Fiarness We acknowledge certain limitations of FashionCLIP and expect that it inherits certain limitations and biases present in the original CLIP model. We do not expect our fine-tuning to significantly augment these limitations: we acknowledge that the fashion data we use makes explicit assumptions about the notion of gender as in "blue shoes for a woman" that inevitably associate aspects of clothing with specific people. Our investigations also suggest that the data used introduces certain limitations in FashionCLIP. From the textual modality, given that most captions derived from the Farfetch dataset are long, we observe that FashionCLIP may be more performant in longer queries than shorter ones. From the image modality, FashionCLIP is also biased towards standard product images (centered, white background). Model selection, i.e. selecting an appropariate stopping critera during fine-tuning, remains an open challenge. We observed that using loss on an in-domain (i.e. same distribution as test) validation dataset is a poor selection critera when out-of-domain generalization (i.e. across different datasets) is desired, even when the dataset used is relatively diverse and large. ## Citation ``` @Article{Chia2022, title="Contrastive language and vision learning of general fashion concepts", author="Chia, Patrick John and Attanasio, Giuseppe and Bianchi, Federico and Terragni, Silvia and Magalh{\~a}es, Ana Rita and Goncalves, Diogo and Greco, Ciro and Tagliabue, Jacopo", journal="Scientific Reports", year="2022", month="Nov", day="08", volume="12", number="1", abstract="The steady rise of online shopping goes hand in hand with the development of increasingly complex ML and NLP models. While most use cases are cast as specialized supervised learning problems, we argue that practitioners would greatly benefit from general and transferable representations of products. In this work, we build on recent developments in contrastive learning to train FashionCLIP, a CLIP-like model adapted for the fashion industry. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the representations learned by FashionCLIP with extensive tests across a variety of tasks, datasets and generalization probes. We argue that adaptations of large pre-trained models such as CLIP offer new perspectives in terms of scalability and sustainability for certain types of players in the industry. Finally, we detail the costs and environmental impact of training, and release the model weights and code as open source contribution to the community.", issn="2045-2322", doi="10.1038/s41598-022-23052-9", url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23052-9" } ```

facebook/bart-base

facebook

transformers

feature-extraction

--- license: apache-2.0 language: en --- # BART (base-sized model) BART model pre-trained on English language. It was introduced in the paper [BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13461) by Lewis et al. and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/bart). Disclaimer: The team releasing BART did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. ## Model description BART is a transformer encoder-decoder (seq2seq) model with a bidirectional (BERT-like) encoder and an autoregressive (GPT-like) decoder. BART is pre-trained by (1) corrupting text with an arbitrary noising function, and (2) learning a model to reconstruct the original text. BART is particularly effective when fine-tuned for text generation (e.g. summarization, translation) but also works well for comprehension tasks (e.g. text classification, question answering). ## Intended uses & limitations You can use the raw model for text infilling. However, the model is mostly meant to be fine-tuned on a supervised dataset. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?search=bart) to look for fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you. ### How to use Here is how to use this model in PyTorch: ```python from transformers import BartTokenizer, BartModel tokenizer = BartTokenizer.from_pretrained('facebook/bart-base') model = BartModel.from_pretrained('facebook/bart-base') inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt") outputs = model(**inputs) last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state ``` ### BibTeX entry and citation info ```bibtex @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1910-13461, author = {Mike Lewis and Yinhan Liu and Naman Goyal and Marjan Ghazvininejad and Abdelrahman Mohamed and Omer Levy and Veselin Stoyanov and Luke Zettlemoyer}, title = {{BART:} Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1910.13461}, year = {2019}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13461}, eprinttype = {arXiv}, eprint = {1910.13461}, timestamp = {Thu, 31 Oct 2019 14:02:26 +0100}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1910-13461.bib}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org} } ```

nesaorg/fc_12

nesaorg

--- tags: - model_hub_mixin - pytorch_model_hub_mixin --- This model has been pushed to the Hub using the [PytorchModelHubMixin](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/package_reference/mixins#huggingface_hub.PyTorchModelHubMixin) integration: - Library: [More Information Needed] - Docs: [More Information Needed]

google/byt5-small

google

transformers

text2text-generation

--- language: - multilingual - af - am - ar - az - be - bg - bn - ca - ceb - co - cs - cy - da - de - el - en - eo - es - et - eu - fa - fi - fil - fr - fy - ga - gd - gl - gu - ha - haw - hi - hmn - ht - hu - hy - ig - is - it - iw - ja - jv - ka - kk - km - kn - ko - ku - ky - la - lb - lo - lt - lv - mg - mi - mk - ml - mn - mr - ms - mt - my - ne - nl - no - ny - pa - pl - ps - pt - ro - ru - sd - si - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sq - sr - st - su - sv - sw - ta - te - tg - th - tr - uk - und - ur - uz - vi - xh - yi - yo - zh - zu datasets: - mc4 license: apache-2.0 --- # ByT5 - Small ByT5 is a tokenizer-free version of [Google's T5](https://ai.googleblog.com/2020/02/exploring-transfer-learning-with-t5.html) and generally follows the architecture of [MT5](https://huggingface.co/google/mt5-small). ByT5 was only pre-trained on [mC4](https://www.tensorflow.org/datasets/catalog/c4#c4multilingual) excluding any supervised training with an average span-mask of 20 UTF-8 characters. Therefore, this model has to be fine-tuned before it is useable on a downstream task. ByT5 works especially well on noisy text data,*e.g.*, `google/byt5-small` significantly outperforms [mt5-small](https://huggingface.co/google/mt5-small) on [TweetQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06292). Paper: [ByT5: Towards a token-free future with pre-trained byte-to-byte models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.13626) Authors: *Linting Xue, Aditya Barua, Noah Constant, Rami Al-Rfou, Sharan Narang, Mihir Kale, Adam Roberts, Colin Raffel* ## Example Inference ByT5 works on raw UTF-8 bytes and can be used without a tokenizer: ```python from transformers import T5ForConditionalGeneration import torch model = T5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained('google/byt5-small') input_ids = torch.tensor([list("Life is like a box of chocolates.".encode("utf-8"))]) + 3 # add 3 for special tokens labels = torch.tensor([list("La vie est comme une boîte de chocolat.".encode("utf-8"))]) + 3 # add 3 for special tokens loss = model(input_ids, labels=labels).loss # forward pass ``` For batched inference & training it is however recommended using a tokenizer class for padding: ```python from transformers import T5ForConditionalGeneration, AutoTokenizer model = T5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained('google/byt5-small') tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('google/byt5-small') model_inputs = tokenizer(["Life is like a box of chocolates.", "Today is Monday."], padding="longest", return_tensors="pt") labels = tokenizer(["La vie est comme une boîte de chocolat.", "Aujourd'hui c'est lundi."], padding="longest", return_tensors="pt").input_ids loss = model(**model_inputs, labels=labels).loss # forward pass ``` ## Abstract Most widely-used pre-trained language models operate on sequences of tokens corresponding to word or subword units. Encoding text as a sequence of tokens requires a tokenizer, which is typically created as an independent artifact from the model. Token-free models that instead operate directly on raw text (bytes or characters) have many benefits: they can process text in any language out of the box, they are more robust to noise, and they minimize technical debt by removing complex and error-prone text preprocessing pipelines. Since byte or character sequences are longer than token sequences, past work on token-free models has often introduced new model architectures designed to amortize the cost of operating directly on raw text. In this paper, we show that a standard Transformer architecture can be used with minimal modifications to process byte sequences. We carefully characterize the trade-offs in terms of parameter count, training FLOPs, and inference speed, and show that byte-level models are competitive with their token-level counterparts. We also demonstrate that byte-level models are significantly more robust to noise and perform better on tasks that are sensitive to spelling and pronunciation. As part of our contribution, we release a new set of pre-trained byte-level Transformer models based on the T5 architecture, as well as all code and data used in our experiments. 

meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B

meta-llama

transformers

text-generation

--- language: - en pipeline_tag: text-generation tags: - facebook - meta - pytorch - llama - llama-3 license: llama3 new_version: meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B extra_gated_prompt: >- ### META LLAMA 3 COMMUNITY LICENSE AGREEMENT Meta Llama 3 Version Release Date: April 18, 2024 "Agreement" means the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, distribution and modification of the Llama Materials set forth herein. "Documentation" means the specifications, manuals and documentation accompanying Meta Llama 3 distributed by Meta at https://llama.meta.com/get-started/. "Licensee" or "you" means you, or your employer or any other person or entity (if you are entering into this Agreement on such person or entity’s behalf), of the age required under applicable laws, rules or regulations to provide legal consent and that has legal authority to bind your employer or such other person or entity if you are entering in this Agreement on their behalf. "Meta Llama 3" means the foundational large language models and software and algorithms, including machine-learning model code, trained model weights, inference-enabling code, training-enabling code, fine-tuning enabling code and other elements of the foregoing distributed by Meta at https://llama.meta.com/llama-downloads. "Llama Materials" means, collectively, Meta’s proprietary Meta Llama 3 and Documentation (and any portion thereof) made available under this Agreement. "Meta" or "we" means Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (if you are located in or, if you are an entity, your principal place of business is in the EEA or Switzerland) and Meta Platforms, Inc. (if you are located outside of the EEA or Switzerland). 1. License Rights and Redistribution. a. Grant of Rights. You are granted a non-exclusive, worldwide, non-transferable and royalty-free limited license under Meta’s intellectual property or other rights owned by Meta embodied in the Llama Materials to use, reproduce, distribute, copy, create derivative works of, and make modifications to the Llama Materials. b. Redistribution and Use. i. If you distribute or make available the Llama Materials (or any derivative works thereof), or a product or service that uses any of them, including another AI model, you shall (A) provide a copy of this Agreement with any such Llama Materials; and (B) prominently display “Built with Meta Llama 3” on a related website, user interface, blogpost, about page, or product documentation. If you use the Llama Materials to create, train, fine tune, or otherwise improve an AI model, which is distributed or made available, you shall also include “Llama 3” at the beginning of any such AI model name. ii. If you receive Llama Materials, or any derivative works thereof, from a Licensee as part of an integrated end user product, then Section 2 of this Agreement will not apply to you. iii. You must retain in all copies of the Llama Materials that you distribute the following attribution notice within a “Notice” text file distributed as a part of such copies: “Meta Llama 3 is licensed under the Meta Llama 3 Community License, Copyright © Meta Platforms, Inc. All Rights Reserved.” iv. Your use of the Llama Materials must comply with applicable laws and regulations (including trade compliance laws and regulations) and adhere to the Acceptable Use Policy for the Llama Materials (available at https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy), which is hereby incorporated by reference into this Agreement. v. You will not use the Llama Materials or any output or results of the Llama Materials to improve any other large language model (excluding Meta Llama 3 or derivative works thereof). 2. 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Upon termination of this Agreement, you shall delete and cease use of the Llama Materials. Sections 3, 4 and 7 shall survive the termination of this Agreement. 7. Governing Law and Jurisdiction. This Agreement will be governed and construed under the laws of the State of California without regard to choice of law principles, and the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods does not apply to this Agreement. The courts of California shall have exclusive jurisdiction of any dispute arising out of this Agreement. ### Meta Llama 3 Acceptable Use Policy Meta is committed to promoting safe and fair use of its tools and features, including Meta Llama 3. If you access or use Meta Llama 3, you agree to this Acceptable Use Policy (“Policy”). The most recent copy of this policy can be found at [https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy](https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy) #### Prohibited Uses We want everyone to use Meta Llama 3 safely and responsibly. You agree you will not use, or allow others to use, Meta Llama 3 to: 1. Violate the law or others’ rights, including to: 1. Engage in, promote, generate, contribute to, encourage, plan, incite, or further illegal or unlawful activity or content, such as: 1. Violence or terrorism 2. Exploitation or harm to children, including the solicitation, creation, acquisition, or dissemination of child exploitative content or failure to report Child Sexual Abuse Material 3. Human trafficking, exploitation, and sexual violence 4. The illegal distribution of information or materials to minors, including obscene materials, or failure to employ legally required age-gating in connection with such information or materials. 5. Sexual solicitation 6. Any other criminal activity 2. Engage in, promote, incite, or facilitate the harassment, abuse, threatening, or bullying of individuals or groups of individuals 3. Engage in, promote, incite, or facilitate discrimination or other unlawful or harmful conduct in the provision of employment, employment benefits, credit, housing, other economic benefits, or other essential goods and services 4. Engage in the unauthorized or unlicensed practice of any profession including, but not limited to, financial, legal, medical/health, or related professional practices 5. Collect, process, disclose, generate, or infer health, demographic, or other sensitive personal or private information about individuals without rights and consents required by applicable laws 6. Engage in or facilitate any action or generate any content that infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any third-party rights, including the outputs or results of any products or services using the Llama Materials 7. Create, generate, or facilitate the creation of malicious code, malware, computer viruses or do anything else that could disable, overburden, interfere with or impair the proper working, integrity, operation or appearance of a website or computer system 2. Engage in, promote, incite, facilitate, or assist in the planning or development of activities that present a risk of death or bodily harm to individuals, including use of Meta Llama 3 related to the following: 1. Military, warfare, nuclear industries or applications, espionage, use for materials or activities that are subject to the International Traffic Arms Regulations (ITAR) maintained by the United States Department of State 2. Guns and illegal weapons (including weapon development) 3. Illegal drugs and regulated/controlled substances 4. Operation of critical infrastructure, transportation technologies, or heavy machinery 5. Self-harm or harm to others, including suicide, cutting, and eating disorders 6. Any content intended to incite or promote violence, abuse, or any infliction of bodily harm to an individual 3. Intentionally deceive or mislead others, including use of Meta Llama 3 related to the following: 1. Generating, promoting, or furthering fraud or the creation or promotion of disinformation 2. Generating, promoting, or furthering defamatory content, including the creation of defamatory statements, images, or other content 3. Generating, promoting, or further distributing spam 4. Impersonating another individual without consent, authorization, or legal right 5. Representing that the use of Meta Llama 3 or outputs are human-generated 6. Generating or facilitating false online engagement, including fake reviews and other means of fake online engagement 4. Fail to appropriately disclose to end users any known dangers of your AI system Please report any violation of this Policy, software “bug,” or other problems that could lead to a violation of this Policy through one of the following means: * Reporting issues with the model: [https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3) * Reporting risky content generated by the model: developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback * Reporting bugs and security concerns: facebook.com/whitehat/info * Reporting violations of the Acceptable Use Policy or unlicensed uses of Meta Llama 3: [email protected] extra_gated_fields: First Name: text Last Name: text Date of birth: date_picker Country: country Affiliation: text geo: ip_location By clicking Submit below I accept the terms of the license and acknowledge that the information I provide will be collected stored processed and shared in accordance with the Meta Privacy Policy: checkbox extra_gated_description: The information you provide will be collected, stored, processed and shared in accordance with the [Meta Privacy Policy](https://www.facebook.com/privacy/policy/). extra_gated_button_content: Submit --- ## Model Details Meta developed and released the Meta Llama 3 family of large language models (LLMs), a collection of pretrained and instruction tuned generative text models in 8 and 70B sizes. The Llama 3 instruction tuned models are optimized for dialogue use cases and outperform many of the available open source chat models on common industry benchmarks. Further, in developing these models, we took great care to optimize helpfulness and safety. **Model developers** Meta **Variations** Llama 3 comes in two sizes — 8B and 70B parameters — in pre-trained and instruction tuned variants. **Input** Models input text only. **Output** Models generate text and code only. **Model Architecture** Llama 3 is an auto-regressive language model that uses an optimized transformer architecture. The tuned versions use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) to align with human preferences for helpfulness and safety. <table> <tr> <td> </td> <td><strong>Training Data</strong> </td> <td><strong>Params</strong> </td> <td><strong>Context length</strong> </td> <td><strong>GQA</strong> </td> <td><strong>Token count</strong> </td> <td><strong>Knowledge cutoff</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" >Llama 3 </td> <td rowspan="2" >A new mix of publicly available online data. </td> <td>8B </td> <td>8k </td> <td>Yes </td> <td rowspan="2" >15T+ </td> <td>March, 2023 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>70B </td> <td>8k </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>December, 2023 </td> </tr> </table> **Llama 3 family of models**. Token counts refer to pretraining data only. Both the 8 and 70B versions use Grouped-Query Attention (GQA) for improved inference scalability. **Model Release Date** April 18, 2024. **Status** This is a static model trained on an offline dataset. Future versions of the tuned models will be released as we improve model safety with community feedback. **License** A custom commercial license is available at: [https://llama.meta.com/llama3/license](https://llama.meta.com/llama3/license) Where to send questions or comments about the model Instructions on how to provide feedback or comments on the model can be found in the model [README](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3). For more technical information about generation parameters and recipes for how to use Llama 3 in applications, please go [here](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-recipes). ## Intended Use **Intended Use Cases** Llama 3 is intended for commercial and research use in English. Instruction tuned models are intended for assistant-like chat, whereas pretrained models can be adapted for a variety of natural language generation tasks. **Out-of-scope** Use in any manner that violates applicable laws or regulations (including trade compliance laws). Use in any other way that is prohibited by the Acceptable Use Policy and Llama 3 Community License. Use in languages other than English**. **Note: Developers may fine-tune Llama 3 models for languages beyond English provided they comply with the Llama 3 Community License and the Acceptable Use Policy. ## How to use This repository contains two versions of Meta-Llama-3-8B, for use with transformers and with the original `llama3` codebase. ### Use with transformers See the snippet below for usage with Transformers: ```python >>> import transformers >>> import torch >>> model_id = "meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B" >>> pipeline = transformers.pipeline( "text-generation", model=model_id, model_kwargs={"torch_dtype": torch.bfloat16}, device_map="auto" ) >>> pipeline("Hey how are you doing today?") ``` ### Use with `llama3` Please, follow the instructions in the [repository](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3). To download Original checkpoints, see the example command below leveraging `huggingface-cli`: ``` huggingface-cli download meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B --include "original/*" --local-dir Meta-Llama-3-8B ``` For Hugging Face support, we recommend using transformers or TGI, but a similar command works. ## Hardware and Software **Training Factors** We used custom training libraries, Meta's Research SuperCluster, and production clusters for pretraining. Fine-tuning, annotation, and evaluation were also performed on third-party cloud compute. **Carbon Footprint Pretraining utilized a cumulative** 7.7M GPU hours of computation on hardware of type H100-80GB (TDP of 700W). Estimated total emissions were 2290 tCO2eq, 100% of which were offset by Meta’s sustainability program. <table> <tr> <td> </td> <td><strong>Time (GPU hours)</strong> </td> <td><strong>Power Consumption (W)</strong> </td> <td><strong>Carbon Emitted(tCO2eq)</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Llama 3 8B </td> <td>1.3M </td> <td>700 </td> <td>390 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Llama 3 70B </td> <td>6.4M </td> <td>700 </td> <td>1900 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>7.7M </td> <td> </td> <td>2290 </td> </tr> </table> **CO2 emissions during pre-training**. Time: total GPU time required for training each model. Power Consumption: peak power capacity per GPU device for the GPUs used adjusted for power usage efficiency. 100% of the emissions are directly offset by Meta's sustainability program, and because we are openly releasing these models, the pretraining costs do not need to be incurred by others. ## Training Data **Overview** Llama 3 was pretrained on over 15 trillion tokens of data from publicly available sources. The fine-tuning data includes publicly available instruction datasets, as well as over 10M human-annotated examples. Neither the pretraining nor the fine-tuning datasets include Meta user data. **Data Freshness** The pretraining data has a cutoff of March 2023 for the 8B and December 2023 for the 70B models respectively. ## Benchmarks In this section, we report the results for Llama 3 models on standard automatic benchmarks. For all the evaluations, we use our internal evaluations library. For details on the methodology see [here](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3/blob/main/eval_methodology.md). ### Base pretrained models <table> <tr> <td><strong>Category</strong> </td> <td><strong>Benchmark</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama 3 8B</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama2 7B</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama2 13B</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama 3 70B</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama2 70B</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6" >General </td> <td>MMLU (5-shot) </td> <td>66.6 </td> <td>45.7 </td> <td>53.8 </td> <td>79.5 </td> <td>69.7 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>AGIEval English (3-5 shot) </td> <td>45.9 </td> <td>28.8 </td> <td>38.7 </td> <td>63.0 </td> <td>54.8 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>CommonSenseQA (7-shot) </td> <td>72.6 </td> <td>57.6 </td> <td>67.6 </td> <td>83.8 </td> <td>78.7 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Winogrande (5-shot) </td> <td>76.1 </td> <td>73.3 </td> <td>75.4 </td> <td>83.1 </td> <td>81.8 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>BIG-Bench Hard (3-shot, CoT) </td> <td>61.1 </td> <td>38.1 </td> <td>47.0 </td> <td>81.3 </td> <td>65.7 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>ARC-Challenge (25-shot) </td> <td>78.6 </td> <td>53.7 </td> <td>67.6 </td> <td>93.0 </td> <td>85.3 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Knowledge reasoning </td> <td>TriviaQA-Wiki (5-shot) </td> <td>78.5 </td> <td>72.1 </td> <td>79.6 </td> <td>89.7 </td> <td>87.5 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" >Reading comprehension </td> <td>SQuAD (1-shot) </td> <td>76.4 </td> <td>72.2 </td> <td>72.1 </td> <td>85.6 </td> <td>82.6 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>QuAC (1-shot, F1) </td> <td>44.4 </td> <td>39.6 </td> <td>44.9 </td> <td>51.1 </td> <td>49.4 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>BoolQ (0-shot) </td> <td>75.7 </td> <td>65.5 </td> <td>66.9 </td> <td>79.0 </td> <td>73.1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>DROP (3-shot, F1) </td> <td>58.4 </td> <td>37.9 </td> <td>49.8 </td> <td>79.7 </td> <td>70.2 </td> </tr> </table> ### Instruction tuned models <table> <tr> <td><strong>Benchmark</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama 3 8B</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama 2 7B</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama 2 13B</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama 3 70B</strong> </td> <td><strong>Llama 2 70B</strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MMLU (5-shot) </td> <td>68.4 </td> <td>34.1 </td> <td>47.8 </td> <td>82.0 </td> <td>52.9 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>GPQA (0-shot) </td> <td>34.2 </td> <td>21.7 </td> <td>22.3 </td> <td>39.5 </td> <td>21.0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>HumanEval (0-shot) </td> <td>62.2 </td> <td>7.9 </td> <td>14.0 </td> <td>81.7 </td> <td>25.6 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>GSM-8K (8-shot, CoT) </td> <td>79.6 </td> <td>25.7 </td> <td>77.4 </td> <td>93.0 </td> <td>57.5 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MATH (4-shot, CoT) </td> <td>30.0 </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td>50.4 </td> <td>11.6 </td> </tr> </table> ### Responsibility & Safety We believe that an open approach to AI leads to better, safer products, faster innovation, and a bigger overall market. We are committed to Responsible AI development and took a series of steps to limit misuse and harm and support the open source community. Foundation models are widely capable technologies that are built to be used for a diverse range of applications. They are not designed to meet every developer preference on safety levels for all use cases, out-of-the-box, as those by their nature will differ across different applications. Rather, responsible LLM-application deployment is achieved by implementing a series of safety best practices throughout the development of such applications, from the model pre-training, fine-tuning and the deployment of systems composed of safeguards to tailor the safety needs specifically to the use case and audience. As part of the Llama 3 release, we updated our [Responsible Use Guide](https://llama.meta.com/responsible-use-guide/) to outline the steps and best practices for developers to implement model and system level safety for their application. We also provide a set of resources including [Meta Llama Guard 2](https://llama.meta.com/purple-llama/) and [Code Shield](https://llama.meta.com/purple-llama/) safeguards. These tools have proven to drastically reduce residual risks of LLM Systems, while maintaining a high level of helpfulness. We encourage developers to tune and deploy these safeguards according to their needs and we provide a [reference implementation](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-recipes/tree/main/recipes/responsible_ai) to get you started. #### Llama 3-Instruct As outlined in the Responsible Use Guide, some trade-off between model helpfulness and model alignment is likely unavoidable. Developers should exercise discretion about how to weigh the benefits of alignment and helpfulness for their specific use case and audience. Developers should be mindful of residual risks when using Llama models and leverage additional safety tools as needed to reach the right safety bar for their use case. <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Safety</span> For our instruction tuned model, we conducted extensive red teaming exercises, performed adversarial evaluations and implemented safety mitigations techniques to lower residual risks. As with any Large Language Model, residual risks will likely remain and we recommend that developers assess these risks in the context of their use case. In parallel, we are working with the community to make AI safety benchmark standards transparent, rigorous and interpretable. <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Refusals</span> In addition to residual risks, we put a great emphasis on model refusals to benign prompts. Over-refusing not only can impact the user experience but could even be harmful in certain contexts as well. We’ve heard the feedback from the developer community and improved our fine tuning to ensure that Llama 3 is significantly less likely to falsely refuse to answer prompts than Llama 2. We built internal benchmarks and developed mitigations to limit false refusals making Llama 3 our most helpful model to date. #### Responsible release In addition to responsible use considerations outlined above, we followed a rigorous process that requires us to take extra measures against misuse and critical risks before we make our release decision. Misuse If you access or use Llama 3, you agree to the Acceptable Use Policy. The most recent copy of this policy can be found at [https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy/](https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy/). #### Critical risks <span style="text-decoration:underline;">CBRNE</span> (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and high yield Explosives) We have conducted a two fold assessment of the safety of the model in this area: * Iterative testing during model training to assess the safety of responses related to CBRNE threats and other adversarial risks. * Involving external CBRNE experts to conduct an uplift test assessing the ability of the model to accurately provide expert knowledge and reduce barriers to potential CBRNE misuse, by reference to what can be achieved using web search (without the model). ### <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Cyber Security </span> We have evaluated Llama 3 with CyberSecEval, Meta’s cybersecurity safety eval suite, measuring Llama 3’s propensity to suggest insecure code when used as a coding assistant, and Llama 3’s propensity to comply with requests to help carry out cyber attacks, where attacks are defined by the industry standard MITRE ATT&CK cyber attack ontology. On our insecure coding and cyber attacker helpfulness tests, Llama 3 behaved in the same range or safer than models of [equivalent coding capability](https://huggingface.co/spaces/facebook/CyberSecEval). ### <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Child Safety</span> Child Safety risk assessments were conducted using a team of experts, to assess the model’s capability to produce outputs that could result in Child Safety risks and inform on any necessary and appropriate risk mitigations via fine tuning. We leveraged those expert red teaming sessions to expand the coverage of our evaluation benchmarks through Llama 3 model development. For Llama 3, we conducted new in-depth sessions using objective based methodologies to assess the model risks along multiple attack vectors. We also partnered with content specialists to perform red teaming exercises assessing potentially violating content while taking account of market specific nuances or experiences. ### Community Generative AI safety requires expertise and tooling, and we believe in the strength of the open community to accelerate its progress. We are active members of open consortiums, including the AI Alliance, Partnership in AI and MLCommons, actively contributing to safety standardization and transparency. We encourage the community to adopt taxonomies like the MLCommons Proof of Concept evaluation to facilitate collaboration and transparency on safety and content evaluations. Our Purple Llama tools are open sourced for the community to use and widely distributed across ecosystem partners including cloud service providers. We encourage community contributions to our [Github repository](https://github.com/meta-llama/PurpleLlama). Finally, we put in place a set of resources including an [output reporting mechanism](https://developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback) and [bug bounty program](https://www.facebook.com/whitehat) to continuously improve the Llama technology with the help of the community. ## Ethical Considerations and Limitations The core values of Llama 3 are openness, inclusivity and helpfulness. It is meant to serve everyone, and to work for a wide range of use cases. It is thus designed to be accessible to people across many different backgrounds, experiences and perspectives. Llama 3 addresses users and their needs as they are, without insertion unnecessary judgment or normativity, while reflecting the understanding that even content that may appear problematic in some cases can serve valuable purposes in others. It respects the dignity and autonomy of all users, especially in terms of the values of free thought and expression that power innovation and progress. But Llama 3 is a new technology, and like any new technology, there are risks associated with its use. Testing conducted to date has been in English, and has not covered, nor could it cover, all scenarios. For these reasons, as with all LLMs, Llama 3’s potential outputs cannot be predicted in advance, and the model may in some instances produce inaccurate, biased or other objectionable responses to user prompts. Therefore, before deploying any applications of Llama 3 models, developers should perform safety testing and tuning tailored to their specific applications of the model. As outlined in the Responsible Use Guide, we recommend incorporating [Purple Llama](https://github.com/facebookresearch/PurpleLlama) solutions into your workflows and specifically [Llama Guard](https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/llama-guard-llm-based-input-output-safeguard-for-human-ai-conversations/) which provides a base model to filter input and output prompts to layer system-level safety on top of model-level safety. Please see the Responsible Use Guide available at [http://llama.meta.com/responsible-use-guide](http://llama.meta.com/responsible-use-guide) ## Citation instructions @article{llama3modelcard, title={Llama 3 Model Card}, author={AI@Meta}, year={2024}, url = {https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3/blob/main/MODEL_CARD.md} } ## Contributors Aaditya Singh; Aaron Grattafiori; Abhimanyu Dubey; Abhinav Jauhri; Abhinav Pandey; Abhishek Kadian; Adam Kelsey; Adi Gangidi; Ahmad Al-Dahle; Ahuva Goldstand; Aiesha Letman; Ajay Menon; Akhil Mathur; Alan Schelten; Alex Vaughan; Amy Yang; Andrei Lupu; Andres Alvarado; Andrew Gallagher; Andrew Gu; Andrew Ho; Andrew Poulton; Andrew Ryan; Angela Fan; Ankit Ramchandani; Anthony Hartshorn; Archi Mitra; Archie Sravankumar; Artem Korenev; Arun Rao; Ashley Gabriel; Ashwin Bharambe; Assaf Eisenman; Aston Zhang; Aurelien Rodriguez; Austen Gregerson; Ava Spataru; Baptiste Roziere; Ben Maurer; Benjamin Leonhardi; Bernie Huang; Bhargavi Paranjape; Bing Liu; Binh Tang; Bobbie Chern; Brani Stojkovic; Brian Fuller; Catalina Mejia Arenas; Chao Zhou; Charlotte Caucheteux; Chaya Nayak; Ching-Hsiang Chu; Chloe Bi; Chris Cai; Chris Cox; Chris Marra; Chris McConnell; Christian Keller; Christoph Feichtenhofer; Christophe Touret; Chunyang Wu; Corinne Wong; Cristian Canton Ferrer; Damien Allonsius; Daniel Kreymer; Daniel Haziza; Daniel Li; Danielle Pintz; Danny Livshits; Danny Wyatt; David Adkins; David Esiobu; David Xu; Davide Testuggine; Delia David; Devi Parikh; Dhruv Choudhary; Dhruv Mahajan; Diana Liskovich; Diego Garcia-Olano; Diego Perino; Dieuwke Hupkes; Dingkang Wang; Dustin Holland; Egor Lakomkin; Elina Lobanova; Xiaoqing Ellen Tan; Emily Dinan; Eric Smith; Erik Brinkman; Esteban Arcaute; Filip Radenovic; Firat Ozgenel; Francesco Caggioni; Frank Seide; Frank Zhang; Gabriel Synnaeve; Gabriella Schwarz; Gabrielle Lee; Gada Badeer; Georgia Anderson; Graeme Nail; Gregoire Mialon; Guan Pang; Guillem Cucurell; Hailey Nguyen; Hannah Korevaar; Hannah Wang; Haroun Habeeb; Harrison Rudolph; Henry Aspegren; Hu Xu; Hugo Touvron; Iga Kozlowska; Igor Molybog; Igor Tufanov; Iliyan Zarov; Imanol Arrieta Ibarra; Irina-Elena Veliche; Isabel Kloumann; Ishan Misra; Ivan Evtimov; Jacob Xu; Jade Copet; Jake Weissman; Jan Geffert; Jana Vranes; Japhet Asher; Jason Park; Jay Mahadeokar; Jean-Baptiste Gaya; Jeet Shah; Jelmer van der Linde; Jennifer Chan; Jenny Hong; Jenya Lee; Jeremy Fu; Jeremy Teboul; Jianfeng Chi; Jianyu Huang; Jie Wang; Jiecao Yu; Joanna Bitton; Joe Spisak; Joelle Pineau; Jon Carvill; Jongsoo Park; Joseph Rocca; Joshua Johnstun; Junteng Jia; Kalyan Vasuden Alwala; Kam Hou U; Kate Plawiak; Kartikeya Upasani; Kaushik Veeraraghavan; Ke Li; Kenneth Heafield; Kevin Stone; Khalid El-Arini; Krithika Iyer; Kshitiz Malik; Kuenley Chiu; Kunal Bhalla; Kyle Huang; Lakshya Garg; Lauren Rantala-Yeary; Laurens van der Maaten; Lawrence Chen; Leandro Silva; Lee Bell; Lei Zhang; Liang Tan; Louis Martin; Lovish Madaan; Luca Wehrstedt; Lukas Blecher; Luke de Oliveira; Madeline Muzzi; Madian Khabsa; Manav Avlani; Mannat Singh; Manohar Paluri; Mark Zuckerberg; Marcin Kardas; Martynas Mankus; Mathew Oldham; Mathieu Rita; Matthew Lennie; Maya Pavlova; Meghan Keneally; Melanie Kambadur; Mihir Patel; Mikayel Samvelyan; Mike Clark; Mike Lewis; Min Si; Mitesh Kumar Singh; Mo Metanat; Mona Hassan; Naman Goyal; Narjes Torabi; Nicolas Usunier; Nikolay Bashlykov; Nikolay Bogoychev; Niladri Chatterji; Ning Dong; Oliver Aobo Yang; Olivier Duchenne; Onur Celebi; Parth Parekh; Patrick Alrassy; Paul Saab; Pavan Balaji; Pedro Rittner; Pengchuan Zhang; Pengwei Li; Petar Vasic; Peter Weng; Polina Zvyagina; Prajjwal Bhargava; Pratik Dubal; Praveen Krishnan; Punit Singh Koura; Qing He; Rachel Rodriguez; Ragavan Srinivasan; Rahul Mitra; Ramon Calderer; Raymond Li; Robert Stojnic; Roberta Raileanu; Robin Battey; Rocky Wang; Rohit Girdhar; Rohit Patel; Romain Sauvestre; Ronnie Polidoro; Roshan Sumbaly; Ross Taylor; Ruan Silva; Rui Hou; Rui Wang; Russ Howes; Ruty Rinott; Saghar Hosseini; Sai Jayesh Bondu; Samyak Datta; Sanjay Singh; Sara Chugh; Sargun Dhillon; Satadru Pan; Sean Bell; Sergey Edunov; Shaoliang Nie; Sharan Narang; Sharath Raparthy; Shaun Lindsay; Sheng Feng; Sheng Shen; Shenghao Lin; Shiva Shankar; Shruti Bhosale; Shun Zhang; Simon Vandenhende; Sinong Wang; Seohyun Sonia Kim; Soumya Batra; Sten Sootla; Steve Kehoe; Suchin Gururangan; Sumit Gupta; Sunny Virk; Sydney Borodinsky; Tamar Glaser; Tamar Herman; Tamara Best; Tara Fowler; Thomas Georgiou; Thomas Scialom; Tianhe Li; Todor Mihaylov; Tong Xiao; Ujjwal Karn; Vedanuj Goswami; Vibhor Gupta; Vignesh Ramanathan; Viktor Kerkez; Vinay Satish Kumar; Vincent Gonguet; Vish Vogeti; Vlad Poenaru; Vlad Tiberiu Mihailescu; Vladan Petrovic; Vladimir Ivanov; Wei Li; Weiwei Chu; Wenhan Xiong; Wenyin Fu; Wes Bouaziz; Whitney Meers; Will Constable; Xavier Martinet; Xiaojian Wu; Xinbo Gao; Xinfeng Xie; Xuchao Jia; Yaelle Goldschlag; Yann LeCun; Yashesh Gaur; Yasmine Babaei; Ye Qi; Yenda Li; Yi Wen; Yiwen Song; Youngjin Nam; Yuchen Hao; Yuchen Zhang; Yun Wang; Yuning Mao; Yuzi He; Zacharie Delpierre Coudert; Zachary DeVito; Zahra Hankir; Zhaoduo Wen; Zheng Yan; Zhengxing Chen; Zhenyu Yang; Zoe Papakipos

liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b

liuhaotian

transformers

image-text-to-text

--- inference: false pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text --- <br> <br> # LLaVA Model Card ## Model details **Model type:** LLaVA is an open-source chatbot trained by fine-tuning LLaMA/Vicuna on GPT-generated multimodal instruction-following data. It is an auto-regressive language model, based on the transformer architecture. **Model date:** LLaVA-v1.5-7B was trained in September 2023. **Paper or resources for more information:** https://llava-vl.github.io/ ## License Llama 2 is licensed under the LLAMA 2 Community License, Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. All Rights Reserved. **Where to send questions or comments about the model:** https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/issues ## Intended use **Primary intended uses:** The primary use of LLaVA is research on large multimodal models and chatbots. **Primary intended users:** The primary intended users of the model are researchers and hobbyists in computer vision, natural language processing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. ## Training dataset - 558K filtered image-text pairs from LAION/CC/SBU, captioned by BLIP. - 158K GPT-generated multimodal instruction-following data. - 450K academic-task-oriented VQA data mixture. - 40K ShareGPT data. ## Evaluation dataset A collection of 12 benchmarks, including 5 academic VQA benchmarks and 7 recent benchmarks specifically proposed for instruction-following LMMs.

microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct

microsoft

transformers

text-generation

--- license: mit license_link: https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct/resolve/main/LICENSE language: - en - fr pipeline_tag: text-generation tags: - nlp - code inference: parameters: temperature: 0 widget: - messages: - role: user content: Can you provide ways to eat combinations of bananas and dragonfruits? --- 🎉 **Phi-3.5**: [[mini-instruct]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3.5-mini-instruct); [[MoE-instruct]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3.5-MoE-instruct) ; [[vision-instruct]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3.5-vision-instruct) ## Model Summary The Phi-3-Mini-4K-Instruct is a 3.8B parameters, lightweight, state-of-the-art open model trained with the Phi-3 datasets that includes both synthetic data and the filtered publicly available websites data with a focus on high-quality and reasoning dense properties. The model belongs to the Phi-3 family with the Mini version in two variants [4K](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct) and [128K](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-128k-instruct) which is the context length (in tokens) that it can support. The model has underwent a post-training process that incorporates both supervised fine-tuning and direct preference optimization for the instruction following and safety measures. When assessed against benchmarks testing common sense, language understanding, math, code, long context and logical reasoning, Phi-3 Mini-4K-Instruct showcased a robust and state-of-the-art performance among models with less than 13 billion parameters. Resources and Technical Documentation: 🏡 [Phi-3 Portal](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/phi-3) <br> 📰 [Phi-3 Microsoft Blog](https://aka.ms/Phi-3Build2024) <br> 📖 [Phi-3 Technical Report](https://aka.ms/phi3-tech-report) <br> 🛠️ [Phi-3 on Azure AI Studio](https://aka.ms/phi3-azure-ai) <br> 👩‍🍳 [Phi-3 Cookbook](https://github.com/microsoft/Phi-3CookBook) <br> 🖥️ [Try It](https://aka.ms/try-phi3) | | Short Context | Long Context | | :------- | :------------- | :------------ | | Mini | 4K [[HF]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct) ; [[ONNX]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct-onnx) ; [[GGUF]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct-gguf) | 128K [[HF]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-128k-instruct) ; [[ONNX]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-128k-instruct-onnx)| | Small | 8K [[HF]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-small-8k-instruct) ; [[ONNX]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-small-8k-instruct-onnx-cuda) | 128K [[HF]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-small-128k-instruct) ; [[ONNX]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-small-128k-instruct-onnx-cuda)| | Medium | 4K [[HF]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-medium-4k-instruct) ; [[ONNX]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-medium-4k-instruct-onnx-cuda) | 128K [[HF]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-medium-128k-instruct) ; [[ONNX]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-medium-128k-instruct-onnx-cuda)| | Vision | | 128K [[HF]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-vision-128k-instruct) ; [[ONNX]](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-vision-128k-instruct-onnx-cuda)| ## Intended Uses **Primary use cases** The model is intended for broad commercial and research use in English. The model provides uses for general purpose AI systems and applications which require 1) memory/compute constrained environments; 2) latency bound scenarios; 3) strong reasoning (especially math and logic). Our model is designed to accelerate research on language and multimodal models, for use as a building block for generative AI powered features. **Out-of-scope use cases** Our models are not specifically designed or evaluated for all downstream purposes. Developers should consider common limitations of language models as they select use cases, and evaluate and mitigate for accuracy, safety, and fairness before using within a specific downstream use case, particularly for high-risk scenarios. Developers should be aware of and adhere to applicable laws or regulations (including privacy, trade compliance laws, etc.) that are relevant to their use case. **Nothing contained in this Model Card should be interpreted as or deemed a restriction or modification to the license the model is released under.** ## Release Notes This is an update over the original instruction-tuned Phi-3-mini release based on valuable customer feedback. The model used additional post-training data leading to substantial gains on instruction following and structure output. We also improve multi-turn conversation quality, explicitly support <|system|> tag, and significantly improve reasoning capability. We believe most use cases will benefit from this release, but we encourage users to test in their particular AI applications. We appreciate the enthusiastic adoption of the Phi-3 model family, and continue to welcome all feedback from the community. The table below highlights improvements on instruction following, structure output, and reasoning of the new release on publich and internal benchmark datasets. | Benchmarks | Original | June 2024 Update | |:------------|:----------|:------------------| | Instruction Extra Hard | 5.7 | 6.0 | | Instruction Hard | 4.9 | 5.1 | | Instructions Challenge | 24.6 | 42.3 | | JSON Structure Output | 11.5 | 52.3 | | XML Structure Output | 14.4 | 49.8 | | GPQA | 23.7 | 30.6 | | MMLU | 68.8 | 70.9 | | **Average** | **21.9** | **36.7** | Notes: if users would like to check out the previous version, use the git commit id **ff07dc01615f8113924aed013115ab2abd32115b**. For the model conversion, e.g. GGUF and other formats, we invite the community to experiment with various approaches and share your valuable feedback. Let's innovate together! ## How to Use Phi-3 Mini-4K-Instruct has been integrated in the `4.41.2` version of `transformers`. The current `transformers` version can be verified with: `pip list | grep transformers`. Examples of required packages: ``` flash_attn==2.5.8 torch==2.3.1 accelerate==0.31.0 transformers==4.41.2 ``` Phi-3 Mini-4K-Instruct is also available in [Azure AI Studio](https://aka.ms/try-phi3) ### Tokenizer Phi-3 Mini-4K-Instruct supports a vocabulary size of up to `32064` tokens. The [tokenizer files](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct/blob/main/added_tokens.json) already provide placeholder tokens that can be used for downstream fine-tuning, but they can also be extended up to the model's vocabulary size. ### Chat Format Given the nature of the training data, the Phi-3 Mini-4K-Instruct model is best suited for prompts using the chat format as follows. You can provide the prompt as a question with a generic template as follow: ```markdown <|system|> You are a helpful assistant.<|end|> <|user|> Question?<|end|> <|assistant|> ``` For example: ```markdown <|system|> You are a helpful assistant.<|end|> <|user|> How to explain Internet for a medieval knight?<|end|> <|assistant|> ``` where the model generates the text after `<|assistant|>` . In case of few-shots prompt, the prompt can be formatted as the following: ```markdown <|system|> You are a helpful travel assistant.<|end|> <|user|> I am going to Paris, what should I see?<|end|> <|assistant|> Paris, the capital of France, is known for its stunning architecture, art museums, historical landmarks, and romantic atmosphere. Here are some of the top attractions to see in Paris:\n\n1. The Eiffel Tower: The iconic Eiffel Tower is one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world and offers breathtaking views of the city.\n2. The Louvre Museum: The Louvre is one of the world's largest and most famous museums, housing an impressive collection of art and artifacts, including the Mona Lisa.\n3. Notre-Dame Cathedral: This beautiful cathedral is one of the most famous landmarks in Paris and is known for its Gothic architecture and stunning stained glass windows.\n\nThese are just a few of the many attractions that Paris has to offer. With so much to see and do, it's no wonder that Paris is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world."<|end|> <|user|> What is so great about #1?<|end|> <|assistant|> ``` ### Sample inference code This code snippets show how to get quickly started with running the model on a GPU: ```python import torch from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, pipeline torch.random.manual_seed(0) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( "microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct", device_map="cuda", torch_dtype="auto", trust_remote_code=True, ) tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct") messages = [ {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful AI assistant."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Can you provide ways to eat combinations of bananas and dragonfruits?"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Sure! Here are some ways to eat bananas and dragonfruits together: 1. Banana and dragonfruit smoothie: Blend bananas and dragonfruits together with some milk and honey. 2. Banana and dragonfruit salad: Mix sliced bananas and dragonfruits together with some lemon juice and honey."}, {"role": "user", "content": "What about solving an 2x + 3 = 7 equation?"}, ] pipe = pipeline( "text-generation", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer, ) generation_args = { "max_new_tokens": 500, "return_full_text": False, "temperature": 0.0, "do_sample": False, } output = pipe(messages, **generation_args) print(output[0]['generated_text']) ``` Note: If you want to use flash attention, call _AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained()_ with _attn_implementation="flash_attention_2"_ ## Responsible AI Considerations Like other language models, the Phi series models can potentially behave in ways that are unfair, unreliable, or offensive. Some of the limiting behaviors to be aware of include: + Quality of Service: the Phi models are trained primarily on English text. Languages other than English will experience worse performance. English language varieties with less representation in the training data might experience worse performance than standard American English. + Representation of Harms & Perpetuation of Stereotypes: These models can over- or under-represent groups of people, erase representation of some groups, or reinforce demeaning or negative stereotypes. Despite safety post-training, these limitations may still be present due to differing levels of representation of different groups or prevalence of examples of negative stereotypes in training data that reflect real-world patterns and societal biases. + Inappropriate or Offensive Content: these models may produce other types of inappropriate or offensive content, which may make it inappropriate to deploy for sensitive contexts without additional mitigations that are specific to the use case. + Information Reliability: Language models can generate nonsensical content or fabricate content that might sound reasonable but is inaccurate or outdated. + Limited Scope for Code: Majority of Phi-3 training data is based in Python and use common packages such as "typing, math, random, collections, datetime, itertools". If the model generates Python scripts that utilize other packages or scripts in other languages, we strongly recommend users manually verify all API uses. Developers should apply responsible AI best practices and are responsible for ensuring that a specific use case complies with relevant laws and regulations (e.g. privacy, trade, etc.). Important areas for consideration include: + Allocation: Models may not be suitable for scenarios that could have consequential impact on legal status or the allocation of resources or life opportunities (ex: housing, employment, credit, etc.) without further assessments and additional debiasing techniques. + High-Risk Scenarios: Developers should assess suitability of using models in high-risk scenarios where unfair, unreliable or offensive outputs might be extremely costly or lead to harm. This includes providing advice in sensitive or expert domains where accuracy and reliability are critical (ex: legal or health advice). Additional safeguards should be implemented at the application level according to the deployment context. + Misinformation: Models may produce inaccurate information. Developers should follow transparency best practices and inform end-users they are interacting with an AI system. At the application level, developers can build feedback mechanisms and pipelines to ground responses in use-case specific, contextual information, a technique known as Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). + Generation of Harmful Content: Developers should assess outputs for their context and use available safety classifiers or custom solutions appropriate for their use case. + Misuse: Other forms of misuse such as fraud, spam, or malware production may be possible, and developers should ensure that their applications do not violate applicable laws and regulations. ## Training ### Model * Architecture: Phi-3 Mini-4K-Instruct has 3.8B parameters and is a dense decoder-only Transformer model. The model is fine-tuned with Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to ensure alignment with human preferences and safety guidlines. * Inputs: Text. It is best suited for prompts using chat format. * Context length: 4K tokens * GPUs: 512 H100-80G * Training time: 10 days * Training data: 4.9T tokens * Outputs: Generated text in response to the input * Dates: Our models were trained between May and June 2024 * Status: This is a static model trained on an offline dataset with cutoff date October 2023. Future versions of the tuned models may be released as we improve models. * Release dates: June, 2024. ### Datasets Our training data includes a wide variety of sources, totaling 4.9 trillion tokens, and is a combination of 1) Publicly available documents filtered rigorously for quality, selected high-quality educational data, and code; 2) Newly created synthetic, “textbook-like” data for the purpose of teaching math, coding, common sense reasoning, general knowledge of the world (science, daily activities, theory of mind, etc.); 3) High quality chat format supervised data covering various topics to reflect human preferences on different aspects such as instruct-following, truthfulness, honesty and helpfulness. We are focusing on the quality of data that could potentially improve the reasoning ability for the model, and we filter the publicly available documents to contain the correct level of knowledge. As an example, the result of a game in premier league in a particular day might be good training data for frontier models, but we need to remove such information to leave more model capacity for reasoning for the small size models. More details about data can be found in the [Phi-3 Technical Report](https://aka.ms/phi3-tech-report). ### Fine-tuning A basic example of multi-GPUs supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with TRL and Accelerate modules is provided [here](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct/resolve/main/sample_finetune.py). ## Benchmarks We report the results under completion format for Phi-3-Mini-4K-Instruct on standard open-source benchmarks measuring the model's reasoning ability (both common sense reasoning and logical reasoning). We compare to Mistral-7b-v0.1, Mixtral-8x7b, Gemma 7B, Llama-3-8B-Instruct, and GPT3.5-Turbo-1106. All the reported numbers are produced with the exact same pipeline to ensure that the numbers are comparable. These numbers might differ from other published numbers due to slightly different choices in the evaluation. As is now standard, we use few-shot prompts to evaluate the models, at temperature 0. The prompts and number of shots are part of a Microsoft internal tool to evaluate language models, and in particular we did no optimization to the pipeline for Phi-3. More specifically, we do not change prompts, pick different few-shot examples, change prompt format, or do any other form of optimization for the model. The number of k–shot examples is listed per-benchmark. | Category | Benchmark | Phi-3-Mini-4K-Ins | Gemma-7B | Mistral-7b | Mixtral-8x7b | Llama-3-8B-Ins | GPT3.5-Turbo-1106 | |:----------|:-----------|:-------------------|:----------|:------------|:--------------|:----------------|:-------------------| | Popular aggregated benchmark | AGI Eval <br>5-shot| 39.0 | 42.1 | 35.1 | 45.2 | 42 | 48.4 | | | MMLU <br>5-shot | 70.9 | 63.6 | 61.7 | 70.5 | 66.5 | 71.4 | | | BigBench Hard CoT<br>3-shot| 73.5 | 59.6 | 57.3 | 69.7 | 51.5 | 68.3 | | Language Understanding | ANLI <br>7-shot | 53.6 | 48.7 | 47.1 | 55.2 | 57.3 | 58.1 | | | HellaSwag <br>5-shot| 75.3 | 49.8 | 58.5 | 70.4 | 71.1 | 78.8 | | Reasoning | ARC Challenge <br>10-shot | 86.3 | 78.3 | 78.6 | 87.3 | 82.8 | 87.4 | | | BoolQ <br>0-shot | 78.1 | 66 | 72.2 | 76.6 | 80.9 | 79.1 | | | MedQA <br>2-shot| 56.5 | 49.6 | 50 | 62.2 | 60.5 | 63.4 | | | OpenBookQA <br>10-shot| 82.2 | 78.6 | 79.8 | 85.8 | 82.6 | 86 | | | PIQA <br>5-shot| 83.5 | 78.1 | 77.7 | 86 | 75.7 | 86.6 | | | GPQA <br>0-shot| 30.6 | 2.9 | 15 | 6.9 | 32.4 | 30.8 | | | Social IQA <br>5-shot| 77.6 | 65.5 | 74.6 | 75.9 | 73.9 | 68.3 | | | TruthfulQA (MC2) <br>10-shot| 64.7 | 52.1 | 53 | 60.1 | 63.2 | 67.7 | | | WinoGrande <br>5-shot| 71.6 | 55.6 | 54.2 | 62 | 65 | 68.8 | | Factual Knowledge | TriviaQA <br>5-shot| 61.4 | 72.3 | 75.2 | 82.2 | 67.7 | 85.8 | | Math | GSM8K CoT <br>8-shot| 85.7 | 59.8 | 46.4 | 64.7 | 77.4 | 78.1 | | Code Generation | HumanEval <br>0-shot| 57.3 | 34.1 | 28.0 | 37.8 | 60.4 | 62.2 | | | MBPP <br>3-shot| 69.8 | 51.5 | 50.8 | 60.2 | 67.7 | 77.8 | | **Average** | | **67.6** | **56.0** | **56.4** | **64.4** | **65.5** | **70.4** | We take a closer look at different categories across 100 public benchmark datasets at the table below: | Category | Phi-3-Mini-4K-Instruct | Gemma-7B | Mistral-7B | Mixtral 8x7B | Llama-3-8B-Instruct | GPT-3.5-Turbo | |:----------|:------------------------|:----------|:------------|:--------------|:---------------------|:---------------| | Popular aggregated benchmark | 61.1 | 59.4 | 56.5 | 66.2 | 59.9 | 67.0 | | Reasoning | 70.8 | 60.3 | 62.8 | 68.1 | 69.6 | 71.8 | | Language understanding | 60.5 | 57.6 | 52.5 | 66.1 | 63.2 | 67.7 | | Code generation | 60.7 | 45.6 | 42.9 | 52.7 | 56.4 | 70.4 | | Math | 50.6 | 35.8 | 25.4 | 40.3 | 41.1 | 52.8 | | Factual knowledge | 38.4 | 46.7 | 49.8 | 58.6 | 43.1 | 63.4 | | Multilingual | 56.7 | 66.5 | 57.4 | 66.7 | 66.6 | 71.0 | | Robustness | 61.1 | 38.4 | 40.6 | 51.0 | 64.5 | 69.3 | Overall, the model with only 3.8B-param achieves a similar level of language understanding and reasoning ability as much larger models. However, it is still fundamentally limited by its size for certain tasks. The model simply does not have the capacity to store too much world knowledge, which can be seen for example with low performance on TriviaQA. However, we believe such weakness can be resolved by augmenting Phi-3-Mini with a search engine. ## Cross Platform Support [ONNX runtime](https://onnxruntime.ai/blogs/accelerating-phi-3) now supports Phi-3 mini models across platforms and hardware. Optimized phi-3 models are also published here in ONNX format, to run with ONNX Runtime on CPU and GPU across devices, including server platforms, Windows, Linux and Mac desktops, and mobile CPUs, with the precision best suited to each of these targets. DirectML GPU acceleration is supported for Windows desktops GPUs (AMD, Intel, and NVIDIA). Along with DML, ONNX Runtime provides cross platform support for Phi3 mini across a range of devices CPU, GPU, and mobile. Here are some of the optimized configurations we have added: 1. ONNX models for int4 DML: Quantized to int4 via AWQ 2. ONNX model for fp16 CUDA 3. ONNX model for int4 CUDA: Quantized to int4 via RTN 4. ONNX model for int4 CPU and Mobile: Quantized to int4 via R ## Software * [PyTorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch) * [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) * [Flash-Attention](https://github.com/HazyResearch/flash-attention) ## Hardware Note that by default, the Phi-3 Mini-4K-Instruct model uses flash attention, which requires certain types of GPU hardware to run. We have tested on the following GPU types: * NVIDIA A100 * NVIDIA A6000 * NVIDIA H100 If you want to run the model on: * NVIDIA V100 or earlier generation GPUs: call AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained() with attn_implementation="eager" * CPU: use the **GGUF** quantized models [4K](https://aka.ms/Phi3-mini-4k-instruct-gguf) + Optimized inference on GPU, CPU, and Mobile: use the **ONNX** models [4K](https://aka.ms/Phi3-mini-4k-instruct-onnx) ## License The model is licensed under the [MIT license](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k/resolve/main/LICENSE). ## Trademarks This project may contain trademarks or logos for projects, products, or services. Authorized use of Microsoft trademarks or logos is subject to and must follow [Microsoft’s Trademark & Brand Guidelines](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/trademarks). Use of Microsoft trademarks or logos in modified versions of this project must not cause confusion or imply Microsoft sponsorship. Any use of third-party trademarks or logos are subject to those third-party’s policies.

google/siglip-so400m-patch14-384

google

transformers

zero-shot-image-classification

--- license: apache-2.0 tags: - vision widget: - src: https://huggingface.co/datasets/mishig/sample_images/resolve/main/cat-dog-music.png candidate_labels: playing music, playing sports example_title: Cat & Dog --- # SigLIP (shape-optimized model) SigLIP model pre-trained on WebLi at resolution 384x384. It was introduced in the paper [Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Training](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.15343) by Zhai et al. and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/google-research/big_vision). This model has the SoViT-400m architecture, which is the shape-optimized version as presented in [Getting ViT in Shape: Scaling Laws for Compute-Optimal Model Design](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.13035) by Alabdulmohsin et al. Disclaimer: The team releasing SigLIP did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. ## Model description SigLIP is [CLIP](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/clip), a multimodal model, with a better loss function. The sigmoid loss operates solely on image-text pairs and does not require a global view of the pairwise similarities for normalization. This allows further scaling up the batch size, while also performing better at smaller batch sizes. A TLDR of SigLIP by one of the authors can be found [here](https://twitter.com/giffmana/status/1692641733459267713). ## Intended uses & limitations You can use the raw model for tasks like zero-shot image classification and image-text retrieval. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?search=google/siglip) to look for other versions on a task that interests you. ### How to use Here is how to use this model to perform zero-shot image classification: ```python from PIL import Image import requests from transformers import AutoProcessor, AutoModel import torch model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("google/siglip-so400m-patch14-384") processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/siglip-so400m-patch14-384") url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg" image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw) texts = ["a photo of 2 cats", "a photo of 2 dogs"] inputs = processor(text=texts, images=image, padding="max_length", return_tensors="pt") with torch.no_grad(): outputs = model(**inputs) logits_per_image = outputs.logits_per_image probs = torch.sigmoid(logits_per_image) # these are the probabilities print(f"{probs[0][0]:.1%} that image 0 is '{texts[0]}'") ``` Alternatively, one can leverage the pipeline API which abstracts away the complexity for the user: ```python from transformers import pipeline from PIL import Image import requests # load pipe image_classifier = pipeline(task="zero-shot-image-classification", model="google/siglip-so400m-patch14-384") # load image url = 'http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg' image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw) # inference outputs = image_classifier(image, candidate_labels=["2 cats", "a plane", "a remote"]) outputs = [{"score": round(output["score"], 4), "label": output["label"] } for output in outputs] print(outputs) ``` For more code examples, we refer to the [documentation](https://huggingface.co/transformers/main/model_doc/siglip.html#). ## Training procedure ### Training data SigLIP is pre-trained on the WebLI dataset [(Chen et al., 2023)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.06794). ### Preprocessing Images are resized/rescaled to the same resolution (384x384) and normalized across the RGB channels with mean (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) and standard deviation (0.5, 0.5, 0.5). Texts are tokenized and padded to the same length (64 tokens). ### Compute The model was trained on 16 TPU-v4 chips for three days. ## Evaluation results Evaluation of SigLIP compared to CLIP is shown below (taken from the paper). <img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/transformers/model_doc/siglip_table.jpeg" alt="drawing" width="600"/> ### BibTeX entry and citation info ```bibtex @misc{zhai2023sigmoid, title={Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Training}, author={Xiaohua Zhai and Basil Mustafa and Alexander Kolesnikov and Lucas Beyer}, year={2023}, eprint={2303.15343}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } ```

Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-zh-en

Helsinki-NLP

transformers

translation

--- language: - zh - en tags: - translation license: cc-by-4.0 --- ### zho-eng ## Table of Contents - [Model Details](#model-details) - [Uses](#uses) - [Risks, Limitations and Biases](#risks-limitations-and-biases) - [Training](#training) - [Evaluation](#evaluation) - [Citation Information](#citation-information) - [How to Get Started With the Model](#how-to-get-started-with-the-model) ## Model Details - **Model Description:** - **Developed by:** Language Technology Research Group at the University of Helsinki - **Model Type:** Translation - **Language(s):** - Source Language: Chinese - Target Language: English - **License:** CC-BY-4.0 - **Resources for more information:** - [GitHub Repo](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/OPUS-MT-train) ## Uses #### Direct Use This model can be used for translation and text-to-text generation. ## Risks, Limitations and Biases **CONTENT WARNING: Readers should be aware this section contains content that is disturbing, offensive, and can propagate historical and current stereotypes.** Significant research has explored bias and fairness issues with language models (see, e.g., [Sheng et al. (2021)](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.330.pdf) and [Bender et al. (2021)](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3442188.3445922)). Further details about the dataset for this model can be found in the OPUS readme: [zho-eng](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/tree/master/models/zho-eng/README.md) ## Training #### System Information * helsinki_git_sha: 480fcbe0ee1bf4774bcbe6226ad9f58e63f6c535 * transformers_git_sha: 2207e5d8cb224e954a7cba69fa4ac2309e9ff30b * port_machine: brutasse * port_time: 2020-08-21-14:41 * src_multilingual: False * tgt_multilingual: False #### Training Data ##### Preprocessing * pre-processing: normalization + SentencePiece (spm32k,spm32k) * ref_len: 82826.0 * dataset: [opus](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Opus-MT) * download original weights: [opus-2020-07-17.zip](https://object.pouta.csc.fi/Tatoeba-MT-models/zho-eng/opus-2020-07-17.zip) * test set translations: [opus-2020-07-17.test.txt](https://object.pouta.csc.fi/Tatoeba-MT-models/zho-eng/opus-2020-07-17.test.txt) ## Evaluation #### Results * test set scores: [opus-2020-07-17.eval.txt](https://object.pouta.csc.fi/Tatoeba-MT-models/zho-eng/opus-2020-07-17.eval.txt) * brevity_penalty: 0.948 ## Benchmarks | testset | BLEU | chr-F | |-----------------------|-------|-------| | Tatoeba-test.zho.eng | 36.1 | 0.548 | ## Citation Information ```bibtex @InProceedings{TiedemannThottingal:EAMT2020, author = {J{\"o}rg Tiedemann and Santhosh Thottingal}, title = {{OPUS-MT} — {B}uilding open translation services for the {W}orld}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conferenec of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT)}, year = {2020}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal} } ``` ## How to Get Started With the Model ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-zh-en") model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained("Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-zh-en") ```

cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-2-v2

cross-encoder

transformers

text-classification

--- license: apache-2.0 --- # Cross-Encoder for MS Marco This model was trained on the [MS Marco Passage Ranking](https://github.com/microsoft/MSMARCO-Passage-Ranking) task. The model can be used for Information Retrieval: Given a query, encode the query will all possible passages (e.g. retrieved with ElasticSearch). Then sort the passages in a decreasing order. See [SBERT.net Retrieve & Re-rank](https://www.sbert.net/examples/applications/retrieve_rerank/README.html) for more details. The training code is available here: [SBERT.net Training MS Marco](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers/tree/master/examples/training/ms_marco) ## Usage with Transformers ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification import torch model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('model_name') tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('model_name') features = tokenizer(['How many people live in Berlin?', 'How many people live in Berlin?'], ['Berlin has a population of 3,520,031 registered inhabitants in an area of 891.82 square kilometers.', 'New York City is famous for the Metropolitan Museum of Art.'], padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors="pt") model.eval() with torch.no_grad(): scores = model(**features).logits print(scores) ``` ## Usage with SentenceTransformers The usage becomes easier when you have [SentenceTransformers](https://www.sbert.net/) installed. Then, you can use the pre-trained models like this: ```python from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder model = CrossEncoder('model_name', max_length=512) scores = model.predict([('Query', 'Paragraph1'), ('Query', 'Paragraph2') , ('Query', 'Paragraph3')]) ``` ## Performance In the following table, we provide various pre-trained Cross-Encoders together with their performance on the [TREC Deep Learning 2019](https://microsoft.github.io/TREC-2019-Deep-Learning/) and the [MS Marco Passage Reranking](https://github.com/microsoft/MSMARCO-Passage-Ranking/) dataset. | Model-Name | NDCG@10 (TREC DL 19) | MRR@10 (MS Marco Dev) | Docs / Sec | | ------------- |:-------------| -----| --- | | **Version 2 models** | | | | cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-2-v2 | 69.84 | 32.56 | 9000 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-2-v2 | 71.01 | 34.85 | 4100 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-4-v2 | 73.04 | 37.70 | 2500 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2 | 74.30 | 39.01 | 1800 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-12-v2 | 74.31 | 39.02 | 960 | **Version 1 models** | | | | cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-2 | 67.43 | 30.15 | 9000 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-4 | 68.09 | 34.50 | 2900 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-6 | 69.57 | 36.13 | 680 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-electra-base | 71.99 | 36.41 | 340 | **Other models** | | | | nboost/pt-tinybert-msmarco | 63.63 | 28.80 | 2900 | nboost/pt-bert-base-uncased-msmarco | 70.94 | 34.75 | 340 | nboost/pt-bert-large-msmarco | 73.36 | 36.48 | 100 | Capreolus/electra-base-msmarco | 71.23 | 36.89 | 340 | amberoad/bert-multilingual-passage-reranking-msmarco | 68.40 | 35.54 | 330 | sebastian-hofstaetter/distilbert-cat-margin_mse-T2-msmarco | 72.82 | 37.88 | 720 Note: Runtime was computed on a V100 GPU.

lxyuan/distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student

lxyuan

transformers

text-classification

--- license: apache-2.0 tags: - sentiment-analysis - text-classification - zero-shot-distillation - distillation - zero-shot-classification - debarta-v3 model-index: - name: distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student results: [] datasets: - tyqiangz/multilingual-sentiments language: - en - ar - de - es - fr - ja - zh - id - hi - it - ms - pt --- <!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. --> # distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student This model is distilled from the zero-shot classification pipeline on the Multilingual Sentiment dataset using this [script](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/examples/research_projects/zero-shot-distillation). In reality the multilingual-sentiment dataset is annotated of course, but we'll pretend and ignore the annotations for the sake of example. Teacher model: MoritzLaurer/mDeBERTa-v3-base-mnli-xnli Teacher hypothesis template: "The sentiment of this text is {}." Student model: distilbert-base-multilingual-cased ## Inference example ```python from transformers import pipeline distilled_student_sentiment_classifier = pipeline( model="lxyuan/distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student", return_all_scores=True ) # english distilled_student_sentiment_classifier ("I love this movie and i would watch it again and again!") >> [[{'label': 'positive', 'score': 0.9731044769287109}, {'label': 'neutral', 'score': 0.016910076141357422}, {'label': 'negative', 'score': 0.009985478594899178}]] # malay distilled_student_sentiment_classifier("Saya suka filem ini dan saya akan menontonnya lagi dan lagi!") [[{'label': 'positive', 'score': 0.9760093688964844}, {'label': 'neutral', 'score': 0.01804516464471817}, {'label': 'negative', 'score': 0.005945465061813593}]] # japanese distilled_student_sentiment_classifier("私はこの映画が大好きで、何度も見ます！") >> [[{'label': 'positive', 'score': 0.9342429041862488}, {'label': 'neutral', 'score': 0.040193185210227966}, {'label': 'negative', 'score': 0.025563929229974747}]] ``` ## Training procedure Notebook link: [here](https://github.com/LxYuan0420/nlp/blob/main/notebooks/Distilling_Zero_Shot_multilingual_distilbert_sentiments_student.ipynb) ### Training hyperparameters Result can be reproduce using the following commands: ```bash python transformers/examples/research_projects/zero-shot-distillation/distill_classifier.py \ --data_file ./multilingual-sentiments/train_unlabeled.txt \ --class_names_file ./multilingual-sentiments/class_names.txt \ --hypothesis_template "The sentiment of this text is {}." \ --teacher_name_or_path MoritzLaurer/mDeBERTa-v3-base-mnli-xnli \ --teacher_batch_size 32 \ --student_name_or_path distilbert-base-multilingual-cased \ --output_dir ./distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --fp16 ``` If you are training this model on Colab, make the following code changes to avoid Out-of-memory error message: ```bash ###### modify L78 to disable fast tokenizer default=False, ###### update dataset map part at L313 dataset = dataset.map(tokenizer, input_columns="text", fn_kwargs={"padding": "max_length", "truncation": True, "max_length": 512}) ###### add following lines to L213 del model print(f"Manually deleted Teacher model, free some memory for student model.") ###### add following lines to L337 trainer.push_to_hub() tokenizer.push_to_hub("distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student") ``` ### Training log ```bash Training completed. Do not forget to share your model on huggingface.co/models =) {'train_runtime': 2009.8864, 'train_samples_per_second': 73.0, 'train_steps_per_second': 4.563, 'train_loss': 0.6473459283913797, 'epoch': 1.0} 100%|███████████████████████████████████████| 9171/9171 [33:29<00:00, 4.56it/s] [INFO|trainer.py:762] 2023-05-06 10:56:18,555 >> The following columns in the evaluation set don't have a corresponding argument in `DistilBertForSequenceClassification.forward` and have been ignored: text. If text are not expected by `DistilBertForSequenceClassification.forward`, you can safely ignore this message. [INFO|trainer.py:3129] 2023-05-06 10:56:18,557 >> ***** Running Evaluation ***** [INFO|trainer.py:3131] 2023-05-06 10:56:18,557 >> Num examples = 146721 [INFO|trainer.py:3134] 2023-05-06 10:56:18,557 >> Batch size = 128 100%|███████████████████████████████████████| 1147/1147 [08:59<00:00, 2.13it/s] 05/06/2023 11:05:18 - INFO - __main__ - Agreement of student and teacher predictions: 88.29% [INFO|trainer.py:2868] 2023-05-06 11:05:18,251 >> Saving model checkpoint to ./distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student [INFO|configuration_utils.py:457] 2023-05-06 11:05:18,251 >> Configuration saved in ./distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student/config.json [INFO|modeling_utils.py:1847] 2023-05-06 11:05:18,905 >> Model weights saved in ./distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student/pytorch_model.bin [INFO|tokenization_utils_base.py:2171] 2023-05-06 11:05:18,905 >> tokenizer config file saved in ./distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student/tokenizer_config.json [INFO|tokenization_utils_base.py:2178] 2023-05-06 11:05:18,905 >> Special tokens file saved in ./distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student/special_tokens_map.json ``` ### Framework versions - Transformers 4.28.1 - Pytorch 2.0.0+cu118 - Datasets 2.11.0 - Tokenizers 0.13.3

microsoft/beit-base-patch16-224-pt22k-ft22k

microsoft

transformers

image-classification

--- license: apache-2.0 tags: - image-classification - vision datasets: - imagenet - imagenet-21k --- # BEiT (base-sized model, fine-tuned on ImageNet-22k) BEiT model pre-trained in a self-supervised fashion on ImageNet-22k - also called ImageNet-21k (14 million images, 21,841 classes) at resolution 224x224, and fine-tuned on the same dataset at resolution 224x224. It was introduced in the paper [BEIT: BERT Pre-Training of Image Transformers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08254) by Hangbo Bao, Li Dong and Furu Wei and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/tree/master/beit). Disclaimer: The team releasing BEiT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. ## Model description The BEiT model is a Vision Transformer (ViT), which is a transformer encoder model (BERT-like). In contrast to the original ViT model, BEiT is pretrained on a large collection of images in a self-supervised fashion, namely ImageNet-21k, at a resolution of 224x224 pixels. The pre-training objective for the model is to predict visual tokens from the encoder of OpenAI's DALL-E's VQ-VAE, based on masked patches. Next, the model was fine-tuned in a supervised fashion on ImageNet (also referred to as ILSVRC2012), a dataset comprising 1 million images and 1,000 classes, also at resolution 224x224. Images are presented to the model as a sequence of fixed-size patches (resolution 16x16), which are linearly embedded. Contrary to the original ViT models, BEiT models do use relative position embeddings (similar to T5) instead of absolute position embeddings, and perform classification of images by mean-pooling the final hidden states of the patches, instead of placing a linear layer on top of the final hidden state of the [CLS] token. By pre-training the model, it learns an inner representation of images that can then be used to extract features useful for downstream tasks: if you have a dataset of labeled images for instance, you can train a standard classifier by placing a linear layer on top of the pre-trained encoder. One typically places a linear layer on top of the [CLS] token, as the last hidden state of this token can be seen as a representation of an entire image. Alternatively, one can mean-pool the final hidden states of the patch embeddings, and place a linear layer on top of that. ## Intended uses & limitations You can use the raw model for image classification. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?search=microsoft/beit) to look for fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you. ### How to use Here is how to use this model to classify an image of the COCO 2017 dataset into one of the 1,000 ImageNet classes: ```python from transformers import BeitImageProcessor, BeitForImageClassification from PIL import Image import requests url = 'http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg' image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw) processor = BeitImageProcessor.from_pretrained('microsoft/beit-base-patch16-224-pt22k-ft22k') model = BeitForImageClassification.from_pretrained('microsoft/beit-base-patch16-224-pt22k-ft22k') inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt") outputs = model(**inputs) logits = outputs.logits # model predicts one of the 21,841 ImageNet-22k classes predicted_class_idx = logits.argmax(-1).item() print("Predicted class:", model.config.id2label[predicted_class_idx]) ``` Currently, both the feature extractor and model support PyTorch. ## Training data The BEiT model was pretrained on [ImageNet-21k](http://www.image-net.org/), a dataset consisting of 14 million images and 21k classes, and fine-tuned on the same dataset. ## Training procedure ### Preprocessing The exact details of preprocessing of images during training/validation can be found [here](https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/blob/master/beit/datasets.py). Images are resized/rescaled to the same resolution (224x224) and normalized across the RGB channels with mean (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) and standard deviation (0.5, 0.5, 0.5). ### Pretraining For all pre-training related hyperparameters, we refer to page 15 of the [original paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08254). ## Evaluation results For evaluation results on several image classification benchmarks, we refer to tables 1 and 2 of the original paper. Note that for fine-tuning, the best results are obtained with a higher resolution. Of course, increasing the model size will result in better performance. ### BibTeX entry and citation info ```@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2106-08254, author = {Hangbo Bao and Li Dong and Furu Wei}, title = {BEiT: {BERT} Pre-Training of Image Transformers}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/2106.08254}, year = {2021}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08254}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, eprint = {2106.08254}, timestamp = {Tue, 29 Jun 2021 16:55:04 +0200}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2106-08254.bib}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org} } ``` ```bibtex @inproceedings{deng2009imagenet, title={Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database}, author={Deng, Jia and Dong, Wei and Socher, Richard and Li, Li-Jia and Li, Kai and Fei-Fei, Li}, booktitle={2009 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition}, pages={248--255}, year={2009}, organization={Ieee} } ```

albert/albert-base-v2

albert

transformers

fill-mask

--- language: en license: apache-2.0 datasets: - bookcorpus - wikipedia --- # ALBERT Base v2 Pretrained model on English language using a masked language modeling (MLM) objective. It was introduced in [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942) and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/google-research/albert). This model, as all ALBERT models, is uncased: it does not make a difference between english and English. Disclaimer: The team releasing ALBERT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. ## Model description ALBERT is a transformers model pretrained on a large corpus of English data in a self-supervised fashion. This means it was pretrained on the raw texts only, with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it can use lots of publicly available data) with an automatic process to generate inputs and labels from those texts. More precisely, it was pretrained with two objectives: - Masked language modeling (MLM): taking a sentence, the model randomly masks 15% of the words in the input then run the entire masked sentence through the model and has to predict the masked words. This is different from traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that usually see the words one after the other, or from autoregressive models like GPT which internally mask the future tokens. It allows the model to learn a bidirectional representation of the sentence. - Sentence Ordering Prediction (SOP): ALBERT uses a pretraining loss based on predicting the ordering of two consecutive segments of text. This way, the model learns an inner representation of the English language that can then be used to extract features useful for downstream tasks: if you have a dataset of labeled sentences for instance, you can train a standard classifier using the features produced by the ALBERT model as inputs. ALBERT is particular in that it shares its layers across its Transformer. Therefore, all layers have the same weights. Using repeating layers results in a small memory footprint, however, the computational cost remains similar to a BERT-like architecture with the same number of hidden layers as it has to iterate through the same number of (repeating) layers. This is the second version of the base model. Version 2 is different from version 1 due to different dropout rates, additional training data, and longer training. It has better results in nearly all downstream tasks. This model has the following configuration: - 12 repeating layers - 128 embedding dimension - 768 hidden dimension - 12 attention heads - 11M parameters ## Intended uses & limitations You can use the raw model for either masked language modeling or next sentence prediction, but it's mostly intended to be fine-tuned on a downstream task. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?filter=albert) to look for fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you. Note that this model is primarily aimed at being fine-tuned on tasks that use the whole sentence (potentially masked) to make decisions, such as sequence classification, token classification or question answering. For tasks such as text generation you should look at model like GPT2. ### How to use You can use this model directly with a pipeline for masked language modeling: ```python >>> from transformers import pipeline >>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='albert-base-v2') >>> unmasker("Hello I'm a [MASK] model.") [ { "sequence":"[CLS] hello i'm a modeling model.[SEP]", "score":0.05816134437918663, "token":12807, "token_str":"▁modeling" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] hello i'm a modelling model.[SEP]", "score":0.03748830780386925, "token":23089, "token_str":"▁modelling" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] hello i'm a model model.[SEP]", "score":0.033725276589393616, "token":1061, "token_str":"▁model" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] hello i'm a runway model.[SEP]", "score":0.017313428223133087, "token":8014, "token_str":"▁runway" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] hello i'm a lingerie model.[SEP]", "score":0.014405295252799988, "token":29104, "token_str":"▁lingerie" } ] ``` Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch: ```python from transformers import AlbertTokenizer, AlbertModel tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2') model = AlbertModel.from_pretrained("albert-base-v2") text = "Replace me by any text you'd like." encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt') output = model(**encoded_input) ``` and in TensorFlow: ```python from transformers import AlbertTokenizer, TFAlbertModel tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2') model = TFAlbertModel.from_pretrained("albert-base-v2") text = "Replace me by any text you'd like." encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf') output = model(encoded_input) ``` ### Limitations and bias Even if the training data used for this model could be characterized as fairly neutral, this model can have biased predictions: ```python >>> from transformers import pipeline >>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='albert-base-v2') >>> unmasker("The man worked as a [MASK].") [ { "sequence":"[CLS] the man worked as a chauffeur.[SEP]", "score":0.029577180743217468, "token":28744, "token_str":"▁chauffeur" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] the man worked as a janitor.[SEP]", "score":0.028865724802017212, "token":29477, "token_str":"▁janitor" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] the man worked as a shoemaker.[SEP]", "score":0.02581118606030941, "token":29024, "token_str":"▁shoemaker" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] the man worked as a blacksmith.[SEP]", "score":0.01849772222340107, "token":21238, "token_str":"▁blacksmith" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] the man worked as a lawyer.[SEP]", "score":0.01820771023631096, "token":3672, "token_str":"▁lawyer" } ] >>> unmasker("The woman worked as a [MASK].") [ { "sequence":"[CLS] the woman worked as a receptionist.[SEP]", "score":0.04604868218302727, "token":25331, "token_str":"▁receptionist" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] the woman worked as a janitor.[SEP]", "score":0.028220869600772858, "token":29477, "token_str":"▁janitor" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] the woman worked as a paramedic.[SEP]", "score":0.0261906236410141, "token":23386, "token_str":"▁paramedic" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] the woman worked as a chauffeur.[SEP]", "score":0.024797942489385605, "token":28744, "token_str":"▁chauffeur" }, { "sequence":"[CLS] the woman worked as a waitress.[SEP]", "score":0.024124596267938614, "token":13678, "token_str":"▁waitress" } ] ``` This bias will also affect all fine-tuned versions of this model. ## Training data The ALBERT model was pretrained on [BookCorpus](https://yknzhu.wixsite.com/mbweb), a dataset consisting of 11,038 unpublished books and [English Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Wikipedia) (excluding lists, tables and headers). ## Training procedure ### Preprocessing The texts are lowercased and tokenized using SentencePiece and a vocabulary size of 30,000. The inputs of the model are then of the form: ``` [CLS] Sentence A [SEP] Sentence B [SEP] ``` ### Training The ALBERT procedure follows the BERT setup. The details of the masking procedure for each sentence are the following: - 15% of the tokens are masked. - In 80% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by `[MASK]`. - In 10% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by a random token (different) from the one they replace. - In the 10% remaining cases, the masked tokens are left as is. ## Evaluation results When fine-tuned on downstream tasks, the ALBERT models achieve the following results: | | Average | SQuAD1.1 | SQuAD2.0 | MNLI | SST-2 | RACE | |----------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| |V2 | |ALBERT-base |82.3 |90.2/83.2 |82.1/79.3 |84.6 |92.9 |66.8 | |ALBERT-large |85.7 |91.8/85.2 |84.9/81.8 |86.5 |94.9 |75.2 | |ALBERT-xlarge |87.9 |92.9/86.4 |87.9/84.1 |87.9 |95.4 |80.7 | |ALBERT-xxlarge |90.9 |94.6/89.1 |89.8/86.9 |90.6 |96.8 |86.8 | |V1 | |ALBERT-base |80.1 |89.3/82.3 | 80.0/77.1|81.6 |90.3 | 64.0 | |ALBERT-large |82.4 |90.6/83.9 | 82.3/79.4|83.5 |91.7 | 68.5 | |ALBERT-xlarge |85.5 |92.5/86.1 | 86.1/83.1|86.4 |92.4 | 74.8 | |ALBERT-xxlarge |91.0 |94.8/89.3 | 90.2/87.4|90.8 |96.9 | 86.5 | ### BibTeX entry and citation info ```bibtex @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1909-11942, author = {Zhenzhong Lan and Mingda Chen and Sebastian Goodman and Kevin Gimpel and Piyush Sharma and Radu Soricut}, title = {{ALBERT:} {A} Lite {BERT} for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1909.11942}, year = {2019}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, eprint = {1909.11942}, timestamp = {Fri, 27 Sep 2019 13:04:21 +0200}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1909-11942.bib}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org} } ```

tohoku-nlp/bert-base-japanese

tohoku-nlp

transformers

fill-mask

--- language: ja license: cc-by-sa-4.0 datasets: - wikipedia widget: - text: 東北大学で[MASK]の研究をしています。 --- # BERT base Japanese (IPA dictionary) This is a [BERT](https://github.com/google-research/bert) model pretrained on texts in the Japanese language. This version of the model processes input texts with word-level tokenization based on the IPA dictionary, followed by the WordPiece subword tokenization. The codes for the pretraining are available at [cl-tohoku/bert-japanese](https://github.com/cl-tohoku/bert-japanese/tree/v1.0). ## Model architecture The model architecture is the same as the original BERT base model; 12 layers, 768 dimensions of hidden states, and 12 attention heads. ## Training Data The model is trained on Japanese Wikipedia as of September 1, 2019. To generate the training corpus, [WikiExtractor](https://github.com/attardi/wikiextractor) is used to extract plain texts from a dump file of Wikipedia articles. The text files used for the training are 2.6GB in size, consisting of approximately 17M sentences. ## Tokenization The texts are first tokenized by [MeCab](https://taku910.github.io/mecab/) morphological parser with the IPA dictionary and then split into subwords by the WordPiece algorithm. The vocabulary size is 32000. ## Training The model is trained with the same configuration as the original BERT; 512 tokens per instance, 256 instances per batch, and 1M training steps. ## Licenses The pretrained models are distributed under the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). ## Acknowledgments For training models, we used Cloud TPUs provided by [TensorFlow Research Cloud](https://www.tensorflow.org/tfrc/) program.

microsoft/deberta-v3-base

microsoft

transformers

fill-mask

--- language: en tags: - deberta - deberta-v3 - fill-mask thumbnail: https://huggingface.co/front/thumbnails/microsoft.png license: mit --- ## DeBERTaV3: Improving DeBERTa using ELECTRA-Style Pre-Training with Gradient-Disentangled Embedding Sharing [DeBERTa](https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.03654) improves the BERT and RoBERTa models using disentangled attention and enhanced mask decoder. With those two improvements, DeBERTa out perform RoBERTa on a majority of NLU tasks with 80GB training data. In [DeBERTa V3](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.09543), we further improved the efficiency of DeBERTa using ELECTRA-Style pre-training with Gradient Disentangled Embedding Sharing. Compared to DeBERTa, our V3 version significantly improves the model performance on downstream tasks. You can find more technique details about the new model from our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.09543). Please check the [official repository](https://github.com/microsoft/DeBERTa) for more implementation details and updates. The DeBERTa V3 base model comes with 12 layers and a hidden size of 768. It has only 86M backbone parameters with a vocabulary containing 128K tokens which introduces 98M parameters in the Embedding layer. This model was trained using the 160GB data as DeBERTa V2. #### Fine-tuning on NLU tasks We present the dev results on SQuAD 2.0 and MNLI tasks. | Model |Vocabulary(K)|Backbone #Params(M)| SQuAD 2.0(F1/EM) | MNLI-m/mm(ACC)| |-------------------|----------|-------------------|-----------|----------| | RoBERTa-base |50 |86 | 83.7/80.5 | 87.6/- | | XLNet-base |32 |92 | -/80.2 | 86.8/- | | ELECTRA-base |30 |86 | -/80.5 | 88.8/ | | DeBERTa-base |50 |100 | 86.2/83.1| 88.8/88.5| | DeBERTa-v3-base |128|86 | **88.4/85.4** | **90.6/90.7**| | DeBERTa-v3-base + SiFT |128|86 | -/- | 91.0/-| We present the dev results on SQuAD 1.1/2.0 and MNLI tasks. #### Fine-tuning with HF transformers ```bash #!/bin/bash cd transformers/examples/pytorch/text-classification/ pip install datasets export TASK_NAME=mnli output_dir="ds_results" num_gpus=8 batch_size=8 python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=${num_gpus} \ run_glue.py \ --model_name_or_path microsoft/deberta-v3-base \ --task_name $TASK_NAME \ --do_train \ --do_eval \ --evaluation_strategy steps \ --max_seq_length 256 \ --warmup_steps 500 \ --per_device_train_batch_size ${batch_size} \ --learning_rate 2e-5 \ --num_train_epochs 3 \ --output_dir $output_dir \ --overwrite_output_dir \ --logging_steps 1000 \ --logging_dir $output_dir ``` ### Citation If you find DeBERTa useful for your work, please cite the following papers: ``` latex @misc{he2021debertav3, title={DeBERTaV3: Improving DeBERTa using ELECTRA-Style Pre-Training with Gradient-Disentangled Embedding Sharing}, author={Pengcheng He and Jianfeng Gao and Weizhu Chen}, year={2021}, eprint={2111.09543}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ``` ``` latex @inproceedings{ he2021deberta, title={DEBERTA: DECODING-ENHANCED BERT WITH DISENTANGLED ATTENTION}, author={Pengcheng He and Xiaodong Liu and Jianfeng Gao and Weizhu Chen}, booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations}, year={2021}, url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=XPZIaotutsD} } ```

cambridgeltl/SapBERT-from-PubMedBERT-fulltext

cambridgeltl

transformers

feature-extraction

--- license: apache-2.0 language: - en tags: - biomedical - lexical semantics - bionlp - biology - science - embedding - entity linking --- --- datasets: - UMLS **[news]** A cross-lingual extension of SapBERT will appear in the main onference of **ACL 2021**! <br> **[news]** SapBERT will appear in the conference proceedings of **NAACL 2021**! ### SapBERT-PubMedBERT SapBERT by [Liu et al. (2020)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.11784.pdf). Trained with [UMLS](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/licensedcontent/umlsknowledgesources.html) 2020AA (English only), using [microsoft/BiomedNLP-PubMedBERT-base-uncased-abstract-fulltext](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/BiomedNLP-PubMedBERT-base-uncased-abstract-fulltext) as the base model. ### Expected input and output The input should be a string of biomedical entity names, e.g., "covid infection" or "Hydroxychloroquine". The [CLS] embedding of the last layer is regarded as the output. #### Extracting embeddings from SapBERT The following script converts a list of strings (entity names) into embeddings. ```python import numpy as np import torch from tqdm.auto import tqdm from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("cambridgeltl/SapBERT-from-PubMedBERT-fulltext") model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("cambridgeltl/SapBERT-from-PubMedBERT-fulltext").cuda() # replace with your own list of entity names all_names = ["covid-19", "Coronavirus infection", "high fever", "Tumor of posterior wall of oropharynx"] bs = 128 # batch size during inference all_embs = [] for i in tqdm(np.arange(0, len(all_names), bs)): toks = tokenizer.batch_encode_plus(all_names[i:i+bs], padding="max_length", max_length=25, truncation=True, return_tensors="pt") toks_cuda = {} for k,v in toks.items(): toks_cuda[k] = v.cuda() cls_rep = model(**toks_cuda)[0][:,0,:] # use CLS representation as the embedding all_embs.append(cls_rep.cpu().detach().numpy()) all_embs = np.concatenate(all_embs, axis=0) ``` For more details about training and eval, see SapBERT [github repo](https://github.com/cambridgeltl/sapbert). ### Citation ```bibtex @inproceedings{liu-etal-2021-self, title = "Self-Alignment Pretraining for Biomedical Entity Representations", author = "Liu, Fangyu and Shareghi, Ehsan and Meng, Zaiqiao and Basaldella, Marco and Collier, Nigel", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies", month = jun, year = "2021", address = "Online", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2021.naacl-main.334", pages = "4228--4238", abstract = "Despite the widespread success of self-supervised learning via masked language models (MLM), accurately capturing fine-grained semantic relationships in the biomedical domain remains a challenge. This is of paramount importance for entity-level tasks such as entity linking where the ability to model entity relations (especially synonymy) is pivotal. To address this challenge, we propose SapBERT, a pretraining scheme that self-aligns the representation space of biomedical entities. We design a scalable metric learning framework that can leverage UMLS, a massive collection of biomedical ontologies with 4M+ concepts. In contrast with previous pipeline-based hybrid systems, SapBERT offers an elegant one-model-for-all solution to the problem of medical entity linking (MEL), achieving a new state-of-the-art (SOTA) on six MEL benchmarking datasets. In the scientific domain, we achieve SOTA even without task-specific supervision. With substantial improvement over various domain-specific pretrained MLMs such as BioBERT, SciBERTand and PubMedBERT, our pretraining scheme proves to be both effective and robust.", } ```

sentence-transformers/multi-qa-mpnet-base-dot-v1

sentence-transformers

sentence-transformers

sentence-similarity

--- language: - en library_name: sentence-transformers tags: - sentence-transformers - feature-extraction - sentence-similarity - transformers datasets: - flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml - ms_marco - gooaq - yahoo_answers_topics - search_qa - eli5 - natural_questions - trivia_qa - embedding-data/QQP - embedding-data/PAQ_pairs - embedding-data/Amazon-QA - embedding-data/WikiAnswers pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity --- # multi-qa-mpnet-base-dot-v1 This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and was designed for **semantic search**. It has been trained on 215M (question, answer) pairs from diverse sources. For an introduction to semantic search, have a look at: [SBERT.net - Semantic Search](https://www.sbert.net/examples/applications/semantic-search/README.html) ## Usage (Sentence-Transformers) Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed: ``` pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can use the model like this: ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer, util query = "How many people live in London?" docs = ["Around 9 Million people live in London", "London is known for its financial district"] #Load the model model = SentenceTransformer('sentence-transformers/multi-qa-mpnet-base-dot-v1') #Encode query and documents query_emb = model.encode(query) doc_emb = model.encode(docs) #Compute dot score between query and all document embeddings scores = util.dot_score(query_emb, doc_emb)[0].cpu().tolist() #Combine docs & scores doc_score_pairs = list(zip(docs, scores)) #Sort by decreasing score doc_score_pairs = sorted(doc_score_pairs, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True) #Output passages & scores for doc, score in doc_score_pairs: print(score, doc) ``` ## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers) Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the correct pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel import torch #CLS Pooling - Take output from first token def cls_pooling(model_output): return model_output.last_hidden_state[:,0] #Encode text def encode(texts): # Tokenize sentences encoded_input = tokenizer(texts, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') # Compute token embeddings with torch.no_grad(): model_output = model(**encoded_input, return_dict=True) # Perform pooling embeddings = cls_pooling(model_output) return embeddings # Sentences we want sentence embeddings for query = "How many people live in London?" docs = ["Around 9 Million people live in London", "London is known for its financial district"] # Load model from HuggingFace Hub tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("sentence-transformers/multi-qa-mpnet-base-dot-v1") model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("sentence-transformers/multi-qa-mpnet-base-dot-v1") #Encode query and docs query_emb = encode(query) doc_emb = encode(docs) #Compute dot score between query and all document embeddings scores = torch.mm(query_emb, doc_emb.transpose(0, 1))[0].cpu().tolist() #Combine docs & scores doc_score_pairs = list(zip(docs, scores)) #Sort by decreasing score doc_score_pairs = sorted(doc_score_pairs, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True) #Output passages & scores for doc, score in doc_score_pairs: print(score, doc) ``` ## Technical Details In the following some technical details how this model must be used: | Setting | Value | | --- | :---: | | Dimensions | 768 | | Produces normalized embeddings | No | | Pooling-Method | CLS pooling | | Suitable score functions | dot-product (e.g. `util.dot_score`) | ---- ## Background The project aims to train sentence embedding models on very large sentence level datasets using a self-supervised contrastive learning objective. We use a contrastive learning objective: given a sentence from the pair, the model should predict which out of a set of randomly sampled other sentences, was actually paired with it in our dataset. We developped this model during the [Community week using JAX/Flax for NLP & CV](https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/open-to-the-community-community-week-using-jax-flax-for-nlp-cv/7104), organized by Hugging Face. We developped this model as part of the project: [Train the Best Sentence Embedding Model Ever with 1B Training Pairs](https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/train-the-best-sentence-embedding-model-ever-with-1b-training-pairs/7354). We benefited from efficient hardware infrastructure to run the project: 7 TPUs v3-8, as well as intervention from Googles Flax, JAX, and Cloud team member about efficient deep learning frameworks. ## Intended uses Our model is intented to be used for semantic search: It encodes queries / questions and text paragraphs in a dense vector space. It finds relevant documents for the given passages. Note that there is a limit of 512 word pieces: Text longer than that will be truncated. Further note that the model was just trained on input text up to 250 word pieces. It might not work well for longer text. ## Training procedure The full training script is accessible in this current repository: `train_script.py`. ### Pre-training We use the pretrained [`mpnet-base`](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/mpnet-base) model. Please refer to the model card for more detailed information about the pre-training procedure. #### Training We use the concatenation from multiple datasets to fine-tune our model. In total we have about 215M (question, answer) pairs. We sampled each dataset given a weighted probability which configuration is detailed in the `data_config.json` file. The model was trained with [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://www.sbert.net/docs/package_reference/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) using CLS-pooling, dot-product as similarity function, and a scale of 1. | Dataset | Number of training tuples | |--------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------:| | [WikiAnswers](https://github.com/afader/oqa#wikianswers-corpus) Duplicate question pairs from WikiAnswers | 77,427,422 | | [PAQ](https://github.com/facebookresearch/PAQ) Automatically generated (Question, Paragraph) pairs for each paragraph in Wikipedia | 64,371,441 | | [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) (Title, Body) pairs from all StackExchanges | 25,316,456 | | [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) (Title, Answer) pairs from all StackExchanges | 21,396,559 | | [MS MARCO](https://microsoft.github.io/msmarco/) Triplets (query, answer, hard_negative) for 500k queries from Bing search engine | 17,579,773 | | [GOOAQ: Open Question Answering with Diverse Answer Types](https://github.com/allenai/gooaq) (query, answer) pairs for 3M Google queries and Google featured snippet | 3,012,496 | | [Amazon-QA](http://jmcauley.ucsd.edu/data/amazon/qa/) (Question, Answer) pairs from Amazon product pages | 2,448,839 | [Yahoo Answers](https://www.kaggle.com/soumikrakshit/yahoo-answers-dataset) (Title, Answer) pairs from Yahoo Answers | 1,198,260 | | [Yahoo Answers](https://www.kaggle.com/soumikrakshit/yahoo-answers-dataset) (Question, Answer) pairs from Yahoo Answers | 681,164 | | [Yahoo Answers](https://www.kaggle.com/soumikrakshit/yahoo-answers-dataset) (Title, Question) pairs from Yahoo Answers | 659,896 | | [SearchQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/search_qa) (Question, Answer) pairs for 140k questions, each with Top5 Google snippets on that question | 582,261 | | [ELI5](https://huggingface.co/datasets/eli5) (Question, Answer) pairs from Reddit ELI5 (explainlikeimfive) | 325,475 | | [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) Duplicate questions pairs (titles) | 304,525 | | [Quora Question Triplets](https://quoradata.quora.com/First-Quora-Dataset-Release-Question-Pairs) (Question, Duplicate_Question, Hard_Negative) triplets for Quora Questions Pairs dataset | 103,663 | | [Natural Questions (NQ)](https://ai.google.com/research/NaturalQuestions) (Question, Paragraph) pairs for 100k real Google queries with relevant Wikipedia paragraph | 100,231 | | [SQuAD2.0](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/) (Question, Paragraph) pairs from SQuAD2.0 dataset | 87,599 | | [TriviaQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/trivia_qa) (Question, Evidence) pairs | 73,346 | | **Total** | **214,988,242** |

jhgan/ko-sroberta-multitask

jhgan

sentence-transformers

sentence-similarity

--- pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity tags: - sentence-transformers - feature-extraction - sentence-similarity - transformers language: ko --- # ko-sroberta-multitask This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search. <!--- Describe your model here --> ## Usage (Sentence-Transformers) Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed: ``` pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can use the model like this: ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer sentences = ["안녕하세요?", "한국어 문장 임베딩을 위한 버트 모델입니다."] model = SentenceTransformer('jhgan/ko-sroberta-multitask') embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(embeddings) ``` ## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers) Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel import torch #Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask): token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float() return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9) # Sentences we want sentence embeddings for sentences = ['This is an example sentence', 'Each sentence is converted'] # Load model from HuggingFace Hub tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('jhgan/ko-sroberta-multitask') model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('jhgan/ko-sroberta-multitask') # Tokenize sentences encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') # Compute token embeddings with torch.no_grad(): model_output = model(**encoded_input) # Perform pooling. In this case, mean pooling. sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask']) print("Sentence embeddings:") print(sentence_embeddings) ``` ## Evaluation Results <!--- Describe how your model was evaluated --> KorSTS, KorNLI 학습 데이터셋으로 멀티 태스크 학습을 진행한 후 KorSTS 평가 데이터셋으로 평가한 결과입니다. - Cosine Pearson: 84.77 - Cosine Spearman: 85.60 - Euclidean Pearson: 83.71 - Euclidean Spearman: 84.40 - Manhattan Pearson: 83.70 - Manhattan Spearman: 84.38 - Dot Pearson: 82.42 - Dot Spearman: 82.33 ## Training The model was trained with the parameters: **DataLoader**: `sentence_transformers.datasets.NoDuplicatesDataLoader.NoDuplicatesDataLoader` of length 8885 with parameters: ``` {'batch_size': 64} ``` **Loss**: `sentence_transformers.losses.MultipleNegativesRankingLoss.MultipleNegativesRankingLoss` with parameters: ``` {'scale': 20.0, 'similarity_fct': 'cos_sim'} ``` **DataLoader**: `torch.utils.data.dataloader.DataLoader` of length 719 with parameters: ``` {'batch_size': 8, 'sampler': 'torch.utils.data.sampler.RandomSampler', 'batch_sampler': 'torch.utils.data.sampler.BatchSampler'} ``` **Loss**: `sentence_transformers.losses.CosineSimilarityLoss.CosineSimilarityLoss` Parameters of the fit()-Method: ``` { "epochs": 5, "evaluation_steps": 1000, "evaluator": "sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator", "max_grad_norm": 1, "optimizer_class": "<class 'transformers.optimization.AdamW'>", "optimizer_params": { "lr": 2e-05 }, "scheduler": "WarmupLinear", "steps_per_epoch": null, "warmup_steps": 360, "weight_decay": 0.01 } ``` ## Full Model Architecture ``` SentenceTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: RobertaModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False}) ) ``` ## Citing & Authors <!--- Describe where people can find more information --> - Ham, J., Choe, Y. J., Park, K., Choi, I., & Soh, H. (2020). Kornli and korsts: New benchmark datasets for korean natural language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.03289 - Reimers, Nils and Iryna Gurevych. “Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks.” ArXiv abs/1908.10084 (2019) - Reimers, Nils and Iryna Gurevych. “Making Monolingual Sentence Embeddings Multilingual Using Knowledge Distillation.” EMNLP (2020).

unslothai/1

unslothai

transformers

feature-extraction

--- library_name: transformers tags: [] ---

nateraw/vit-age-classifier

nateraw

transformers

image-classification

--- tags: - image-classification - pytorch datasets: - nateraw/fairface --- A vision transformer finetuned to classify the age of a given person's face. ```python import requests from PIL import Image from io import BytesIO from transformers import ViTFeatureExtractor, ViTForImageClassification # Get example image from official fairface repo + read it in as an image r = requests.get('https://github.com/dchen236/FairFace/blob/master/detected_faces/race_Asian_face0.jpg?raw=true') im = Image.open(BytesIO(r.content)) # Init model, transforms model = ViTForImageClassification.from_pretrained('nateraw/vit-age-classifier') transforms = ViTFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained('nateraw/vit-age-classifier') # Transform our image and pass it through the model inputs = transforms(im, return_tensors='pt') output = model(**inputs) # Predicted Class probabilities proba = output.logits.softmax(1) # Predicted Classes preds = proba.argmax(1) ```

microsoft/table-transformer-structure-recognition-v1.1-all

microsoft

transformers

object-detection

--- license: mit --- # Table Transformer (pre-trained for Table Structure Recognition) Table Transformer (TATR) model trained on PubTables1M and FinTabNet.c. It was introduced in the paper [Aligning benchmark datasets for table structure recognition](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.00716) by Smock et al. and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/microsoft/table-transformer). Disclaimer: The team releasing Table Transformer did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. ## Model description The Table Transformer is equivalent to [DETR](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/detr), a Transformer-based object detection model. Note that the authors decided to use the "normalize before" setting of DETR, which means that layernorm is applied before self- and cross-attention. ## Usage You can use the raw model for detecting tables in documents. See the [documentation](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/en/model_doc/table-transformer) for more info.

microsoft/table-transformer-detection

microsoft

transformers

object-detection

--- license: mit widget: - src: https://www.invoicesimple.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Sample-Invoice-printable.png example_title: Invoice --- # Table Transformer (fine-tuned for Table Detection) Table Transformer (DETR) model trained on PubTables1M. It was introduced in the paper [PubTables-1M: Towards Comprehensive Table Extraction From Unstructured Documents](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.00061) by Smock et al. and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/microsoft/table-transformer). Disclaimer: The team releasing Table Transformer did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. ## Model description The Table Transformer is equivalent to [DETR](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/detr), a Transformer-based object detection model. Note that the authors decided to use the "normalize before" setting of DETR, which means that layernorm is applied before self- and cross-attention. ## Usage You can use the raw model for detecting tables in documents. See the [documentation](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/en/model_doc/table-transformer) for more info.

sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2

sentence-transformers

sentence-transformers

sentence-similarity

--- language: - multilingual - ar - bg - ca - cs - da - de - el - en - es - et - fa - fi - fr - gl - gu - he - hi - hr - hu - hy - id - it - ja - ka - ko - ku - lt - lv - mk - mn - mr - ms - my - nb - nl - pl - pt - ro - ru - sk - sl - sq - sr - sv - th - tr - uk - ur - vi license: apache-2.0 library_name: sentence-transformers tags: - sentence-transformers - feature-extraction - sentence-similarity - transformers language_bcp47: - fr-ca - pt-br - zh-cn - zh-tw pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity --- # sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2 This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search. ## Usage (Sentence-Transformers) Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed: ``` pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can use the model like this: ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer sentences = ["This is an example sentence", "Each sentence is converted"] model = SentenceTransformer('sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2') embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(embeddings) ``` ## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers) Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel import torch #Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask): token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float() return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9) # Sentences we want sentence embeddings for sentences = ['This is an example sentence', 'Each sentence is converted'] # Load model from HuggingFace Hub tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2') model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2') # Tokenize sentences encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') # Compute token embeddings with torch.no_grad(): model_output = model(**encoded_input) # Perform pooling. In this case, average pooling sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask']) print("Sentence embeddings:") print(sentence_embeddings) ``` ## Evaluation Results For an automated evaluation of this model, see the *Sentence Embeddings Benchmark*: [https://seb.sbert.net](https://seb.sbert.net?model_name=sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2) ## Full Model Architecture ``` SentenceTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: XLMRobertaModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False}) ) ``` ## Citing & Authors This model was trained by [sentence-transformers](https://www.sbert.net/). If you find this model helpful, feel free to cite our publication [Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084): ```bibtex @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = "11", year = "2019", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", } ```

mrm8488/distilroberta-finetuned-financial-news-sentiment-analysis

mrm8488

transformers

text-classification

--- license: apache-2.0 thumbnail: https://huggingface.co/mrm8488/distilroberta-finetuned-financial-news-sentiment-analysis/resolve/main/logo_no_bg.png tags: - generated_from_trainer - financial - stocks - sentiment widget: - text: "Operating profit totaled EUR 9.4 mn , down from EUR 11.7 mn in 2004 ." datasets: - financial_phrasebank metrics: - accuracy model-index: - name: distilRoberta-financial-sentiment results: - task: name: Text Classification type: text-classification dataset: name: financial_phrasebank type: financial_phrasebank args: sentences_allagree metrics: - name: Accuracy type: accuracy value: 0.9823008849557522 --- <!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. --> <div style="text-align:center;width:250px;height:250px;"> <img src="https://huggingface.co/mrm8488/distilroberta-finetuned-financial-news-sentiment-analysis/resolve/main/logo_no_bg.png" alt="logo"> </div> # DistilRoberta-financial-sentiment This model is a fine-tuned version of [distilroberta-base](https://huggingface.co/distilroberta-base) on the financial_phrasebank dataset. It achieves the following results on the evaluation set: - Loss: 0.1116 - Accuracy: **0.98**23 ## Base Model description This model is a distilled version of the [RoBERTa-base model](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base). It follows the same training procedure as [DistilBERT](https://huggingface.co/distilbert-base-uncased). The code for the distillation process can be found [here](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation). This model is case-sensitive: it makes a difference between English and English. The model has 6 layers, 768 dimension and 12 heads, totalizing 82M parameters (compared to 125M parameters for RoBERTa-base). On average DistilRoBERTa is twice as fast as Roberta-base. ## Training Data Polar sentiment dataset of sentences from financial news. The dataset consists of 4840 sentences from English language financial news categorised by sentiment. The dataset is divided by agreement rate of 5-8 annotators. ## Training procedure ### Training hyperparameters The following hyperparameters were used during training: - learning_rate: 2e-05 - train_batch_size: 8 - eval_batch_size: 8 - seed: 42 - optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 - lr_scheduler_type: linear - num_epochs: 5 ### Training results | Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy | |:-------------:|:-----:|:----:|:---------------:|:--------:| | No log | 1.0 | 255 | 0.1670 | 0.9646 | | 0.209 | 2.0 | 510 | 0.2290 | 0.9558 | | 0.209 | 3.0 | 765 | 0.2044 | 0.9558 | | 0.0326 | 4.0 | 1020 | 0.1116 | 0.9823 | | 0.0326 | 5.0 | 1275 | 0.1127 | 0.9779 | ### Framework versions - Transformers 4.10.2 - Pytorch 1.9.0+cu102 - Datasets 1.12.1 - Tokenizers 0.10.3

AdamCodd/vit-base-nsfw-detector

AdamCodd

transformers.js

image-classification

--- metrics: - accuracy pipeline_tag: image-classification base_model: google/vit-base-patch16-384 model-index: - name: AdamCodd/vit-base-nsfw-detector results: - task: type: image-classification name: Image Classification metrics: - type: accuracy value: 0.9654 name: Accuracy - type: AUC value: 0.9948 - type: loss value: 0.0937 name: Loss license: apache-2.0 tags: - transformers.js - transformers - nlp --- # vit-base-nsfw-detector This model is a fine-tuned version of [vit-base-patch16-384](https://huggingface.co/google/vit-base-patch16-384) on around 25_000 images (drawings, photos...). It achieves the following results on the evaluation set: - Loss: 0.0937 - Accuracy: 0.9654 **<u>New [07/30]</u>**: I created a new ViT model specifically to detect NSFW/SFW images for stable diffusion usage (read the disclaimer below for the reason): [**AdamCodd/vit-nsfw-stable-diffusion**](https://huggingface.co/AdamCodd/vit-nsfw-stable-diffusion). **Disclaimer**: This model wasn't made with generative images in mind! There is no generated image in the dataset used here, and it performs significantly worse on generative images, which will require another ViT model specifically trained on generative images. Here are the model's actual scores for generative images to give you an idea: - Loss: 0.3682 (↑ 292.95%) - Accuracy: 0.8600 (↓ 10.91%) - F1: 0.8654 - AUC: 0.9376 (↓ 5.75%) - Precision: 0.8350 - Recall: 0.8980 ## Model description The Vision Transformer (ViT) is a transformer encoder model (BERT-like) pretrained on a large collection of images in a supervised fashion, namely ImageNet-21k, at a resolution of 224x224 pixels. Next, the model was fine-tuned on ImageNet (also referred to as ILSVRC2012), a dataset comprising 1 million images and 1,000 classes, at a higher resolution of 384x384. ## Intended uses & limitations There are two classes: SFW and NSFW. The model has been trained to be restrictive and therefore classify "sexy" images as NSFW. That is, if the image shows cleavage or too much skin, it will be classified as NSFW. This is normal. Usage for a local image: ```python from transformers import pipeline from PIL import Image img = Image.open("<path_to_image_file>") predict = pipeline("image-classification", model="AdamCodd/vit-base-nsfw-detector") predict(img) ``` Usage for a distant image: ```python from transformers import ViTImageProcessor, AutoModelForImageClassification from PIL import Image import requests url = 'http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg' image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw) processor = ViTImageProcessor.from_pretrained('AdamCodd/vit-base-nsfw-detector') model = AutoModelForImageClassification.from_pretrained('AdamCodd/vit-base-nsfw-detector') inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt") outputs = model(**inputs) logits = outputs.logits predicted_class_idx = logits.argmax(-1).item() print("Predicted class:", model.config.id2label[predicted_class_idx]) # Predicted class: sfw ``` Usage with Transformers.js (Vanilla JS): ```js /* Instructions: * - Place this script in an HTML file using the <script type="module"> tag. * - Ensure the HTML file is served over a local or remote server (e.g., using Python's http.server, Node.js server, or similar). * - Replace 'https://example.com/path/to/image.jpg' in the classifyImage function call with the URL of the image you want to classify. * * Example of how to include this script in HTML: * <script type="module" src="path/to/this_script.js"></script> * * This setup ensures that the script can use imports and perform network requests without CORS issues. */ import { pipeline, env } from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@xenova/[email protected]'; // Since we will download the model from HuggingFace Hub, we can skip the local model check env.allowLocalModels = false; // Load the image classification model const classifier = await pipeline('image-classification', 'AdamCodd/vit-base-nsfw-detector'); // Function to fetch and classify an image from a URL async function classifyImage(url) { try { const response = await fetch(url); if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Failed to load image'); const blob = await response.blob(); const image = new Image(); const imagePromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { image.onload = () => resolve(image); image.onerror = reject; image.src = URL.createObjectURL(blob); }); const img = await imagePromise; // Ensure the image is loaded const classificationResults = await classifier([img.src]); // Classify the image console.log('Predicted class: ', classificationResults[0].label); } catch (error) { console.error('Error classifying image:', error); } } // Example usage classifyImage('https://example.com/path/to/image.jpg'); // Predicted class: sfw ``` The model has been trained on a variety of images (realistic, 3D, drawings), yet it is not perfect and some images may be wrongly classified as NSFW when they are not. Additionally, please note that using the quantized ONNX model within the transformers.js pipeline will slightly reduce the model's accuracy. You can find a toy implementation of this model with Transformers.js [here](https://github.com/AdamCodd/media-random-generator). ## Training and evaluation data More information needed ## Training procedure ### Training hyperparameters The following hyperparameters were used during training: - learning_rate: 3e-05 - train_batch_size: 32 - eval_batch_size: 32 - seed: 42 - optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 - num_epochs: 1 ### Training results - Validation Loss: 0.0937 - Accuracy: 0.9654, - AUC: 0.9948 [Confusion matrix](https://huggingface.co/AdamCodd/vit-base-nsfw-detector/resolve/main/confusion_matrix.png) (eval): [1076 37] [ 60 1627] ### Framework versions - Transformers 4.36.2 - Evaluate 0.4.1 If you want to support me, you can [here](https://ko-fi.com/adamcodd).

textattack/bert-base-uncased-MNLI

textattack

transformers

text-classification

Entry not found

Babelscape/wikineural-multilingual-ner

Babelscape

transformers

token-classification

--- annotations_creators: - machine-generated language_creators: - machine-generated widget: - text: My name is Wolfgang and I live in Berlin. - text: George Washington went to Washington. - text: Mi nombre es Sarah y vivo en Londres. - text: Меня зовут Симона, и я живу в Риме. tags: - named-entity-recognition - sequence-tagger-model datasets: - Babelscape/wikineural language: - de - en - es - fr - it - nl - pl - pt - ru - multilingual license: - cc-by-nc-sa-4.0 pretty_name: wikineural-dataset source_datasets: - original task_categories: - structure-prediction task_ids: - named-entity-recognition --- # WikiNEuRal: Combined Neural and Knowledge-based Silver Data Creation for Multilingual NER This is the model card for the EMNLP 2021 paper [WikiNEuRal: Combined Neural and Knowledge-based Silver Data Creation for Multilingual NER](https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-emnlp.215/). We fine-tuned a multilingual language model (mBERT) for 3 epochs on our [WikiNEuRal dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Babelscape/wikineural) for Named Entity Recognition (NER). The resulting multilingual NER model supports the 9 languages covered by WikiNEuRal (de, en, es, fr, it, nl, pl, pt, ru), and it was trained on all 9 languages jointly. **If you use the model, please reference this work in your paper**: ```bibtex @inproceedings{tedeschi-etal-2021-wikineural-combined, title = "{W}iki{NE}u{R}al: {C}ombined Neural and Knowledge-based Silver Data Creation for Multilingual {NER}", author = "Tedeschi, Simone and Maiorca, Valentino and Campolungo, Niccol{\`o} and Cecconi, Francesco and Navigli, Roberto", booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021", month = nov, year = "2021", address = "Punta Cana, Dominican Republic", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-emnlp.215", pages = "2521--2533", abstract = "Multilingual Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a key intermediate task which is needed in many areas of NLP. In this paper, we address the well-known issue of data scarcity in NER, especially relevant when moving to a multilingual scenario, and go beyond current approaches to the creation of multilingual silver data for the task. We exploit the texts of Wikipedia and introduce a new methodology based on the effective combination of knowledge-based approaches and neural models, together with a novel domain adaptation technique, to produce high-quality training corpora for NER. We evaluate our datasets extensively on standard benchmarks for NER, yielding substantial improvements up to 6 span-based F1-score points over previous state-of-the-art systems for data creation.", } ``` The original repository for the paper can be found at [https://github.com/Babelscape/wikineural](https://github.com/Babelscape/wikineural). ## How to use You can use this model with Transformers *pipeline* for NER. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForTokenClassification from transformers import pipeline tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Babelscape/wikineural-multilingual-ner") model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("Babelscape/wikineural-multilingual-ner") nlp = pipeline("ner", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer, grouped_entities=True) example = "My name is Wolfgang and I live in Berlin" ner_results = nlp(example) print(ner_results) ``` ## Limitations and bias This model is trained on WikiNEuRal, a state-of-the-art dataset for Multilingual NER automatically derived from Wikipedia. Therefore, it might not generalize well to all textual genres (e.g. news). On the other hand, models trained only on news articles (e.g. only on CoNLL03) have been proven to obtain much lower scores on encyclopedic articles. To obtain more robust systems, we encourage you to train a system on the combination of WikiNEuRal with other datasets (e.g. WikiNEuRal + CoNLL). ## Licensing Information Contents of this repository are restricted to only non-commercial research purposes under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Copyright of the dataset contents and models belongs to the original copyright holders.

SamLowe/roberta-base-go_emotions

SamLowe

transformers

text-classification

--- language: en tags: - text-classification - pytorch - roberta - emotions - multi-class-classification - multi-label-classification datasets: - go_emotions license: mit widget: - text: I am not having a great day. --- #### Overview Model trained from [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) on the [go_emotions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/go_emotions) dataset for multi-label classification. ##### ONNX version also available A version of this model in ONNX format (including an INT8 quantized ONNX version) is now available at [https://huggingface.co/SamLowe/roberta-base-go_emotions-onnx](https://huggingface.co/SamLowe/roberta-base-go_emotions-onnx). These are faster for inference, esp for smaller batch sizes, massively reduce the size of the dependencies required for inference, make inference of the model more multi-platform, and in the case of the quantized version reduce the model file/download size by 75% whilst retaining almost all the accuracy if you only need inference. #### Dataset used for the model [go_emotions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/go_emotions) is based on Reddit data and has 28 labels. It is a multi-label dataset where one or multiple labels may apply for any given input text, hence this model is a multi-label classification model with 28 'probability' float outputs for any given input text. Typically a threshold of 0.5 is applied to the probabilities for the prediction for each label. #### How the model was created The model was trained using `AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained` with `problem_type="multi_label_classification"` for 3 epochs with a learning rate of 2e-5 and weight decay of 0.01. #### Inference There are multiple ways to use this model in Huggingface Transformers. Possibly the simplest is using a pipeline: ```python from transformers import pipeline classifier = pipeline(task="text-classification", model="SamLowe/roberta-base-go_emotions", top_k=None) sentences = ["I am not having a great day"] model_outputs = classifier(sentences) print(model_outputs[0]) # produces a list of dicts for each of the labels ``` #### Evaluation / metrics Evaluation of the model is available at - https://github.com/samlowe/go_emotions-dataset/blob/main/eval-roberta-base-go_emotions.ipynb [](https://colab.research.google.com/github/samlowe/go_emotions-dataset/blob/main/eval-roberta-base-go_emotions.ipynb) ##### Summary As provided in the above notebook, evaluation of the multi-label output (of the 28 dim output via a threshold of 0.5 to binarize each) using the dataset test split gives: - Accuracy: 0.474 - Precision: 0.575 - Recall: 0.396 - F1: 0.450 But the metrics are more meaningful when measured per label given the multi-label nature (each label is effectively an independent binary classification) and the fact that there is drastically different representations of the labels in the dataset. With a threshold of 0.5 applied to binarize the model outputs, as per the above notebook, the metrics per label are: | | accuracy | precision | recall | f1 | mcc | support | threshold | | -------------- | -------- | --------- | ------ | ----- | ----- | ------- | --------- | | admiration | 0.946 | 0.725 | 0.675 | 0.699 | 0.670 | 504 | 0.5 | | amusement | 0.982 | 0.790 | 0.871 | 0.829 | 0.821 | 264 | 0.5 | | anger | 0.970 | 0.652 | 0.379 | 0.479 | 0.483 | 198 | 0.5 | | annoyance | 0.940 | 0.472 | 0.159 | 0.238 | 0.250 | 320 | 0.5 | | approval | 0.942 | 0.609 | 0.302 | 0.404 | 0.403 | 351 | 0.5 | | caring | 0.973 | 0.448 | 0.319 | 0.372 | 0.364 | 135 | 0.5 | | confusion | 0.972 | 0.500 | 0.431 | 0.463 | 0.450 | 153 | 0.5 | | curiosity | 0.950 | 0.537 | 0.356 | 0.428 | 0.412 | 284 | 0.5 | | desire | 0.987 | 0.630 | 0.410 | 0.496 | 0.502 | 83 | 0.5 | | disappointment | 0.974 | 0.625 | 0.199 | 0.302 | 0.343 | 151 | 0.5 | | disapproval | 0.950 | 0.494 | 0.307 | 0.379 | 0.365 | 267 | 0.5 | | disgust | 0.982 | 0.707 | 0.333 | 0.453 | 0.478 | 123 | 0.5 | | embarrassment | 0.994 | 0.750 | 0.243 | 0.367 | 0.425 | 37 | 0.5 | | excitement | 0.983 | 0.603 | 0.340 | 0.435 | 0.445 | 103 | 0.5 | | fear | 0.992 | 0.758 | 0.603 | 0.671 | 0.672 | 78 | 0.5 | | gratitude | 0.990 | 0.960 | 0.881 | 0.919 | 0.914 | 352 | 0.5 | | grief | 0.999 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.5 | | joy | 0.978 | 0.647 | 0.559 | 0.600 | 0.590 | 161 | 0.5 | | love | 0.982 | 0.773 | 0.832 | 0.802 | 0.793 | 238 | 0.5 | | nervousness | 0.996 | 0.600 | 0.130 | 0.214 | 0.278 | 23 | 0.5 | | optimism | 0.972 | 0.667 | 0.376 | 0.481 | 0.488 | 186 | 0.5 | | pride | 0.997 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 16 | 0.5 | | realization | 0.974 | 0.541 | 0.138 | 0.220 | 0.264 | 145 | 0.5 | | relief | 0.998 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 11 | 0.5 | | remorse | 0.991 | 0.553 | 0.750 | 0.636 | 0.640 | 56 | 0.5 | | sadness | 0.977 | 0.621 | 0.494 | 0.550 | 0.542 | 156 | 0.5 | | surprise | 0.981 | 0.750 | 0.404 | 0.525 | 0.542 | 141 | 0.5 | | neutral | 0.782 | 0.694 | 0.604 | 0.646 | 0.492 | 1787 | 0.5 | Optimizing the threshold per label for the one that gives the optimum F1 metrics gives slightly better metrics - sacrificing some precision for a greater gain in recall, hence to the benefit of F1 (how this was done is shown in the above notebook): | | accuracy | precision | recall | f1 | mcc | support | threshold | | -------------- | -------- | --------- | ------ | ----- | ----- | ------- | --------- | | admiration | 0.940 | 0.651 | 0.776 | 0.708 | 0.678 | 504 | 0.25 | | amusement | 0.982 | 0.781 | 0.890 | 0.832 | 0.825 | 264 | 0.45 | | anger | 0.959 | 0.454 | 0.601 | 0.517 | 0.502 | 198 | 0.15 | | annoyance | 0.864 | 0.243 | 0.619 | 0.349 | 0.328 | 320 | 0.10 | | approval | 0.926 | 0.432 | 0.442 | 0.437 | 0.397 | 351 | 0.30 | | caring | 0.972 | 0.426 | 0.385 | 0.405 | 0.391 | 135 | 0.40 | | confusion | 0.974 | 0.548 | 0.412 | 0.470 | 0.462 | 153 | 0.55 | | curiosity | 0.943 | 0.473 | 0.711 | 0.568 | 0.552 | 284 | 0.25 | | desire | 0.985 | 0.518 | 0.530 | 0.524 | 0.516 | 83 | 0.25 | | disappointment | 0.974 | 0.562 | 0.298 | 0.390 | 0.398 | 151 | 0.40 | | disapproval | 0.941 | 0.414 | 0.468 | 0.439 | 0.409 | 267 | 0.30 | | disgust | 0.978 | 0.523 | 0.463 | 0.491 | 0.481 | 123 | 0.20 | | embarrassment | 0.994 | 0.567 | 0.459 | 0.507 | 0.507 | 37 | 0.10 | | excitement | 0.981 | 0.500 | 0.417 | 0.455 | 0.447 | 103 | 0.35 | | fear | 0.991 | 0.712 | 0.667 | 0.689 | 0.685 | 78 | 0.40 | | gratitude | 0.990 | 0.957 | 0.889 | 0.922 | 0.917 | 352 | 0.45 | | grief | 0.999 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 6 | 0.05 | | joy | 0.978 | 0.623 | 0.646 | 0.634 | 0.623 | 161 | 0.40 | | love | 0.982 | 0.740 | 0.899 | 0.812 | 0.807 | 238 | 0.25 | | nervousness | 0.996 | 0.571 | 0.348 | 0.432 | 0.444 | 23 | 0.25 | | optimism | 0.971 | 0.580 | 0.565 | 0.572 | 0.557 | 186 | 0.20 | | pride | 0.998 | 0.875 | 0.438 | 0.583 | 0.618 | 16 | 0.10 | | realization | 0.961 | 0.270 | 0.262 | 0.266 | 0.246 | 145 | 0.15 | | relief | 0.992 | 0.152 | 0.636 | 0.246 | 0.309 | 11 | 0.05 | | remorse | 0.991 | 0.541 | 0.946 | 0.688 | 0.712 | 56 | 0.10 | | sadness | 0.977 | 0.599 | 0.583 | 0.591 | 0.579 | 156 | 0.40 | | surprise | 0.977 | 0.543 | 0.674 | 0.601 | 0.593 | 141 | 0.15 | | neutral | 0.758 | 0.598 | 0.810 | 0.688 | 0.513 | 1787 | 0.25 | This improves the overall metrics: - Precision: 0.542 - Recall: 0.577 - F1: 0.541 Or if calculated weighted by the relative size of the support of each label: - Precision: 0.572 - Recall: 0.677 - F1: 0.611 #### Commentary on the dataset Some labels (E.g. gratitude) when considered independently perform very strongly with F1 exceeding 0.9, whilst others (E.g. relief) perform very poorly. This is a challenging dataset. Labels such as relief do have much fewer examples in the training data (less than 100 out of the 40k+, and only 11 in the test split). But there is also some ambiguity and/or labelling errors visible in the training data of go_emotions that is suspected to constrain the performance. Data cleaning on the dataset to reduce some of the mistakes, ambiguity, conflicts and duplication in the labelling would produce a higher performing model.

lengyue233/content-vec-best

lengyue233

transformers

--- license: mit --- # Content Vec Best Official Repo: [ContentVec](https://github.com/auspicious3000/contentvec) This repo brings fairseq ContentVec model to HuggingFace Transformers. ## How to use To use this model, you need to define ```python class HubertModelWithFinalProj(HubertModel): def __init__(self, config): super().__init__(config) # The final projection layer is only used for backward compatibility. # Following https://github.com/auspicious3000/contentvec/issues/6 # Remove this layer is necessary to achieve the desired outcome. self.final_proj = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.classifier_proj_size) ``` and then load the model with ```python model = HubertModelWithFinalProj.from_pretrained("lengyue233/content-vec-best") x = model(audio)["last_hidden_state"] ``` ## How to convert You need to download the ContentVec_legacy model from the official repo, and then run ```bash python convert.py ```

trl-internal-testing/dummy-GPT2-correct-vocab

trl-internal-testing

transformers

text-generation

--- library_name: transformers tags: [] --- # Dummy GPT2 for TRL testing ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GPT2Config, GPT2LMHeadModel config = GPT2Config(n_positions=512, n_embd=32, n_layer=5, n_head=4, n_inner=37, pad_token_id=1023, is_decoder=True) model = GPT2LMHeadModel(config) tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("openai-community/gpt2") model_id = "trl-internal-testing/dummy-GPT2-correct-vocab" model.push_to_hub(model_id) tokenizer.chat_template = "{% for message in messages %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{ ' ' }}{% endif %}{{ message['content'] }}{% if not loop.last %}{{ ' ' }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}{{ eos_token }}" tokenizer.push_to_hub(model_id) config.push_to_hub(model_id) ```

answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1

answerdotai

--- license: apache-2.0 language: - en tags: - ColBERT - RAGatouille - passage-retrieval --- # answerai-colbert-small-v1 **answerai-colbert-small-v1** is a new, proof-of-concept model by [Answer.AI](https://answer.ai), showing the strong performance multi-vector models with the new [JaColBERTv2.5 training recipe](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.20750) and some extra tweaks can reach, even with just **33 million parameters**. While being MiniLM-sized, it outperforms all previous similarly-sized models on common benchmarks, and even outperforms much larger popular models such as e5-large-v2 or bge-base-en-v1.5. For more information about this model or how it was trained, head over to the [announcement blogpost](https://www.answer.ai/posts/2024-08-13-small-but-mighty-colbert.html). ## Usage ### Installation This model was designed with the upcoming RAGatouille overhaul in mind. However, it's compatible with all recent ColBERT implementations! To use it, you can either use the Stanford ColBERT library, or RAGatouille. You can install both or either by simply running. ```sh pip install --upgrade ragatouille pip install --upgrade colbert-ai ``` If you're interested in using this model as a re-ranker (it vastly outperforms cross-encoders its size!), you can do so via the [rerankers](https://github.com/AnswerDotAI/rerankers) library: ```sh pip install --upgrade rerankers[transformers] ``` ### Rerankers ```python from rerankers import Reranker ranker = Reranker("answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1", model_type='colbert') docs = ['Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese director, born on [...]', 'Walt Disney is an American author, director and [...]', ...] query = 'Who directed spirited away?' ranker.rank(query=query, docs=docs) ``` ### RAGatouille ```python from ragatouille import RAGPretrainedModel RAG = RAGPretrainedModel.from_pretrained("answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1") docs = ['Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese director, born on [...]', 'Walt Disney is an American author, director and [...]', ...] RAG.index(docs, index_name="ghibli") query = 'Who directed spirited away?' results = RAG.search(query) ``` ### Stanford ColBERT #### Indexing ```python from colbert import Indexer from colbert.infra import Run, RunConfig, ColBERTConfig INDEX_NAME = "DEFINE_HERE" if __name__ == "__main__": config = ColBERTConfig( doc_maxlen=512, nbits=2 ) indexer = Indexer( checkpoint="answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1", config=config, ) docs = ['Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese director, born on [...]', 'Walt Disney is an American author, director and [...]', ...] indexer.index(name=INDEX_NAME, collection=docs) ``` #### Querying ```python from colbert import Searcher from colbert.infra import Run, RunConfig, ColBERTConfig INDEX_NAME = "THE_INDEX_YOU_CREATED" k = 10 if __name__ == "__main__": config = ColBERTConfig( query_maxlen=32 # Adjust as needed, we recommend the nearest higher multiple of 16 to your query ) searcher = Searcher( index=index_name, config=config ) query = 'Who directed spirited away?' results = searcher.search(query, k=k) ``` #### Extracting Vectors Finally, if you want to extract individula vectors, you can use the model this way: ```python from colbert.modeling.checkpoint import Checkpoint ckpt = Checkpoint("answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1", colbert_config=ColBERTConfig()) embedded_query = ckpt.queryFromText(["Who dubs Howl's in English?"], bsize=16) ``` ## Results ### Against single-vector models  | Dataset / Model | answer-colbert-s | snowflake-s | bge-small-en | bge-base-en | |:-----------------|:-----------------:|:-------------:|:-------------:|:-------------:| | **Size** | 33M (1x) | 33M (1x) | 33M (1x) | **109M (3.3x)** | | **BEIR AVG** | **53.79** | 51.99 | 51.68 | 53.25 | | **FiQA2018** | **41.15** | 40.65 | 40.34 | 40.65 | | **HotpotQA** | **76.11** | 66.54 | 69.94 | 72.6 | | **MSMARCO** | **43.5** | 40.23 | 40.83 | 41.35 | | **NQ** | **59.1** | 50.9 | 50.18 | 54.15 | | **TRECCOVID** | **84.59** | 80.12 | 75.9 | 78.07 | | **ArguAna** | 50.09 | 57.59 | 59.55 | **63.61** | | **ClimateFEVER**| 33.07 | **35.2** | 31.84 | 31.17 | | **CQADupstackRetrieval** | 38.75 | 39.65 | 39.05 | **42.35** | | **DBPedia** | **45.58** | 41.02 | 40.03 | 40.77 | | **FEVER** | **90.96** | 87.13 | 86.64 | 86.29 | | **NFCorpus** | 37.3 | 34.92 | 34.3 | **37.39** | | **QuoraRetrieval** | 87.72 | 88.41 | 88.78 | **88.9** | | **SCIDOCS** | 18.42 | **21.82** | 20.52 | 21.73 | | **SciFact** | **74.77** | 72.22 | 71.28 | 74.04 | | **Touche2020** | 25.69 | 23.48 | **26.04** | 25.7 | ### Against ColBERTv2.0 | Dataset / Model | answerai-colbert-small-v1 | ColBERTv2.0 | |:-----------------|:-----------------------:|:------------:| | **BEIR AVG** | **53.79** | 50.02 | | **DBPedia** | **45.58** | 44.6 | | **FiQA2018** | **41.15** | 35.6 | | **NQ** | **59.1** | 56.2 | | **HotpotQA** | **76.11** | 66.7 | | **NFCorpus** | **37.3** | 33.8 | | **TRECCOVID** | **84.59** | 73.3 | | **Touche2020** | 25.69 | **26.3** | | **ArguAna** | **50.09** | 46.3 | | **ClimateFEVER**| **33.07** | 17.6 | | **FEVER** | **90.96** | 78.5 | | **QuoraRetrieval** | **87.72** | 85.2 | | **SCIDOCS** | **18.42** | 15.4 | | **SciFact** | **74.77** | 69.3 | ## Referencing We'll most likely eventually release a technical report. In the meantime, if you use this model or other models following the JaColBERTv2.5 recipe and would like to give us credit, please cite the JaColBERTv2.5 journal pre-print: ``` @article{clavie2024jacolbertv2, title={JaColBERTv2.5: Optimising Multi-Vector Retrievers to Create State-of-the-Art Japanese Retrievers with Constrained Resources}, author={Clavi{\'e}, Benjamin}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.20750}, year={2024} } ```

nesaorg/fc_1

nesaorg

--- tags: - model_hub_mixin - pytorch_model_hub_mixin --- This model has been pushed to the Hub using the [PytorchModelHubMixin](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/package_reference/mixins#huggingface_hub.PyTorchModelHubMixin) integration: - Library: [More Information Needed] - Docs: [More Information Needed]

nesaorg/fc_16

nesaorg

--- tags: - model_hub_mixin - pytorch_model_hub_mixin --- This model has been pushed to the Hub using the [PytorchModelHubMixin](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/package_reference/mixins#huggingface_hub.PyTorchModelHubMixin) integration: - Library: [More Information Needed] - Docs: [More Information Needed]

Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-large

Salesforce

transformers

image-to-text

--- pipeline_tag: image-to-text tags: - image-captioning languages: - en license: bsd-3-clause --- # BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation Model card for image captioning pretrained on COCO dataset - base architecture (with ViT large backbone). |  | |:--:| | <b> Pull figure from BLIP official repo | Image source: https://github.com/salesforce/BLIP </b>| ## TL;DR Authors from the [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.12086) write in the abstract: *Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) has advanced the performance for many vision-language tasks. However, most existing pre-trained models only excel in either understanding-based tasks or generation-based tasks. Furthermore, performance improvement has been largely achieved by scaling up the dataset with noisy image-text pairs collected from the web, which is a suboptimal source of supervision. In this paper, we propose BLIP, a new VLP framework which transfers flexibly to both vision-language understanding and generation tasks. BLIP effectively utilizes the noisy web data by bootstrapping the captions, where a captioner generates synthetic captions and a filter removes the noisy ones. We achieve state-of-the-art results on a wide range of vision-language tasks, such as image-text retrieval (+2.7% in average recall@1), image captioning (+2.8% in CIDEr), and VQA (+1.6% in VQA score). BLIP also demonstrates strong generalization ability when directly transferred to videolanguage tasks in a zero-shot manner. Code, models, and datasets are released.* ## Usage You can use this model for conditional and un-conditional image captioning ### Using the Pytorch model #### Running the model on CPU <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python import requests from PIL import Image from transformers import BlipProcessor, BlipForConditionalGeneration processor = BlipProcessor.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-large") model = BlipForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-large") img_url = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/sfr-vision-language-research/BLIP/demo.jpg' raw_image = Image.open(requests.get(img_url, stream=True).raw).convert('RGB') # conditional image captioning text = "a photography of" inputs = processor(raw_image, text, return_tensors="pt") out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) # unconditional image captioning inputs = processor(raw_image, return_tensors="pt") out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) ``` </details> #### Running the model on GPU ##### In full precision <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python import requests from PIL import Image from transformers import BlipProcessor, BlipForConditionalGeneration processor = BlipProcessor.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-large") model = BlipForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-large").to("cuda") img_url = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/sfr-vision-language-research/BLIP/demo.jpg' raw_image = Image.open(requests.get(img_url, stream=True).raw).convert('RGB') # conditional image captioning text = "a photography of" inputs = processor(raw_image, text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda") out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) # unconditional image captioning inputs = processor(raw_image, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda") out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) ``` </details> ##### In half precision (`float16`) <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python import torch import requests from PIL import Image from transformers import BlipProcessor, BlipForConditionalGeneration processor = BlipProcessor.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-large") model = BlipForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-large", torch_dtype=torch.float16).to("cuda") img_url = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/sfr-vision-language-research/BLIP/demo.jpg' raw_image = Image.open(requests.get(img_url, stream=True).raw).convert('RGB') # conditional image captioning text = "a photography of" inputs = processor(raw_image, text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda", torch.float16) out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) # >>> a photography of a woman and her dog # unconditional image captioning inputs = processor(raw_image, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda", torch.float16) out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) >>> a woman sitting on the beach with her dog ``` </details> ## BibTex and citation info ``` @misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2201.12086, doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2201.12086}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.12086}, author = {Li, Junnan and Li, Dongxu and Xiong, Caiming and Hoi, Steven}, keywords = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences}, title = {BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation}, publisher = {arXiv}, year = {2022}, copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International} } ```

cardiffnlp/twitter-roberta-base-sentiment

cardiffnlp

transformers

text-classification

--- datasets: - tweet_eval language: - en --- # Twitter-roBERTa-base for Sentiment Analysis This is a roBERTa-base model trained on ~58M tweets and finetuned for sentiment analysis with the TweetEval benchmark. This model is suitable for English (for a similar multilingual model, see [XLM-T](https://huggingface.co/cardiffnlp/twitter-xlm-roberta-base-sentiment)). - Reference Paper: [_TweetEval_ (Findings of EMNLP 2020)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12421.pdf). - Git Repo: [Tweeteval official repository](https://github.com/cardiffnlp/tweeteval). <b>Labels</b>: 0 -> Negative; 1 -> Neutral; 2 -> Positive <b>New!</b> We just released a new sentiment analysis model trained on more recent and a larger quantity of tweets. See [twitter-roberta-base-sentiment-latest](https://huggingface.co/cardiffnlp/twitter-roberta-base-sentiment-latest) and [TweetNLP](https://tweetnlp.org) for more details. ## Example of classification ```python from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification from transformers import TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification from transformers import AutoTokenizer import numpy as np from scipy.special import softmax import csv import urllib.request # Preprocess text (username and link placeholders) def preprocess(text): new_text = [] for t in text.split(" "): t = '@user' if t.startswith('@') and len(t) > 1 else t t = 'http' if t.startswith('http') else t new_text.append(t) return " ".join(new_text) # Tasks: # emoji, emotion, hate, irony, offensive, sentiment # stance/abortion, stance/atheism, stance/climate, stance/feminist, stance/hillary task='sentiment' MODEL = f"cardiffnlp/twitter-roberta-base-{task}" tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL) # download label mapping labels=[] mapping_link = f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cardiffnlp/tweeteval/main/datasets/{task}/mapping.txt" with urllib.request.urlopen(mapping_link) as f: html = f.read().decode('utf-8').split("\n") csvreader = csv.reader(html, delimiter='\t') labels = [row[1] for row in csvreader if len(row) > 1] # PT model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(MODEL) model.save_pretrained(MODEL) text = "Good night 😊" text = preprocess(text) encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt') output = model(**encoded_input) scores = output[0][0].detach().numpy() scores = softmax(scores) # # TF # model = TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(MODEL) # model.save_pretrained(MODEL) # text = "Good night 😊" # encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf') # output = model(encoded_input) # scores = output[0][0].numpy() # scores = softmax(scores) ranking = np.argsort(scores) ranking = ranking[::-1] for i in range(scores.shape[0]): l = labels[ranking[i]] s = scores[ranking[i]] print(f"{i+1}) {l} {np.round(float(s), 4)}") ``` Output: ``` 1) positive 0.8466 2) neutral 0.1458 3) negative 0.0076 ``` ### BibTeX entry and citation info Please cite the [reference paper](https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.148/) if you use this model. ```bibtex @inproceedings{barbieri-etal-2020-tweeteval, title = "{T}weet{E}val: Unified Benchmark and Comparative Evaluation for Tweet Classification", author = "Barbieri, Francesco and Camacho-Collados, Jose and Espinosa Anke, Luis and Neves, Leonardo", booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020", month = nov, year = "2020", address = "Online", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.148", doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.148", pages = "1644--1650" } ```

timm/mobilenetv3_large_100.ra_in1k

timm

timm

image-classification

--- tags: - image-classification - timm library_name: timm license: apache-2.0 datasets: - imagenet-1k --- # Model card for mobilenetv3_large_100.ra_in1k A MobileNet-v3 image classification model. Trained on ImageNet-1k in `timm` using recipe template described below. Recipe details: * RandAugment `RA` recipe. Inspired by and evolved from EfficientNet RandAugment recipes. Published as `B` recipe in [ResNet Strikes Back](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.00476). * RMSProp (TF 1.0 behaviour) optimizer, EMA weight averaging * Step (exponential decay w/ staircase) LR schedule with warmup ## Model Details - **Model Type:** Image classification / feature backbone - **Model Stats:** - Params (M): 5.5 - GMACs: 0.2 - Activations (M): 4.4 - Image size: 224 x 224 - **Papers:** - Searching for MobileNetV3: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.02244 - ResNet strikes back: An improved training procedure in timm: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.00476 - **Dataset:** ImageNet-1k - **Original:** https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-image-models ## Model Usage ### Image Classification ```python from urllib.request import urlopen from PIL import Image import timm img = Image.open(urlopen( 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/beignets-task-guide.png' )) model = timm.create_model('mobilenetv3_large_100.ra_in1k', pretrained=True) model = model.eval() # get model specific transforms (normalization, resize) data_config = timm.data.resolve_model_data_config(model) transforms = timm.data.create_transform(**data_config, is_training=False) output = model(transforms(img).unsqueeze(0)) # unsqueeze single image into batch of 1 top5_probabilities, top5_class_indices = torch.topk(output.softmax(dim=1) * 100, k=5) ``` ### Feature Map Extraction ```python from urllib.request import urlopen from PIL import Image import timm img = Image.open(urlopen( 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/beignets-task-guide.png' )) model = timm.create_model( 'mobilenetv3_large_100.ra_in1k', pretrained=True, features_only=True, ) model = model.eval() # get model specific transforms (normalization, resize) data_config = timm.data.resolve_model_data_config(model) transforms = timm.data.create_transform(**data_config, is_training=False) output = model(transforms(img).unsqueeze(0)) # unsqueeze single image into batch of 1 for o in output: # print shape of each feature map in output # e.g.: # torch.Size([1, 16, 112, 112]) # torch.Size([1, 24, 56, 56]) # torch.Size([1, 40, 28, 28]) # torch.Size([1, 112, 14, 14]) # torch.Size([1, 960, 7, 7]) print(o.shape) ``` ### Image Embeddings ```python from urllib.request import urlopen from PIL import Image import timm img = Image.open(urlopen( 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/beignets-task-guide.png' )) model = timm.create_model( 'mobilenetv3_large_100.ra_in1k', pretrained=True, num_classes=0, # remove classifier nn.Linear ) model = model.eval() # get model specific transforms (normalization, resize) data_config = timm.data.resolve_model_data_config(model) transforms = timm.data.create_transform(**data_config, is_training=False) output = model(transforms(img).unsqueeze(0)) # output is (batch_size, num_features) shaped tensor # or equivalently (without needing to set num_classes=0) output = model.forward_features(transforms(img).unsqueeze(0)) # output is unpooled, a (1, 960, 7, 7) shaped tensor output = model.forward_head(output, pre_logits=True) # output is a (1, num_features) shaped tensor ``` ## Model Comparison Explore the dataset and runtime metrics of this model in timm [model results](https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-image-models/tree/main/results). ## Citation ```bibtex @inproceedings{howard2019searching, title={Searching for mobilenetv3}, author={Howard, Andrew and Sandler, Mark and Chu, Grace and Chen, Liang-Chieh and Chen, Bo and Tan, Mingxing and Wang, Weijun and Zhu, Yukun and Pang, Ruoming and Vasudevan, Vijay and others}, booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision}, pages={1314--1324}, year={2019} } ``` ```bibtex @misc{rw2019timm, author = {Ross Wightman}, title = {PyTorch Image Models}, year = {2019}, publisher = {GitHub}, journal = {GitHub repository}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4414861}, howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-image-models}} } ``` ```bibtex @inproceedings{wightman2021resnet, title={ResNet strikes back: An improved training procedure in timm}, author={Wightman, Ross and Touvron, Hugo and Jegou, Herve}, booktitle={NeurIPS 2021 Workshop on ImageNet: Past, Present, and Future} } ```

finiteautomata/bertweet-base-sentiment-analysis

finiteautomata

transformers

text-classification

--- language: - en tags: - sentiment-analysis --- # Sentiment Analysis in English ## bertweet-sentiment-analysis Repository: [https://github.com/finiteautomata/pysentimiento/](https://github.com/finiteautomata/pysentimiento/) Model trained with SemEval 2017 corpus (around ~40k tweets). Base model is [BERTweet](https://github.com/VinAIResearch/BERTweet), a RoBERTa model trained on English tweets. Uses `POS`, `NEG`, `NEU` labels. ## License `pysentimiento` is an open-source library for non-commercial use and scientific research purposes only. Please be aware that models are trained with third-party datasets and are subject to their respective licenses. 1. [TASS Dataset license](http://tass.sepln.org/tass_data/download.php) 2. [SEMEval 2017 Dataset license]() ## Citation If you use `pysentimiento` in your work, please cite [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.09462) ``` @misc{perez2021pysentimiento, title={pysentimiento: A Python Toolkit for Sentiment Analysis and SocialNLP tasks}, author={Juan Manuel Pérez and Juan Carlos Giudici and Franco Luque}, year={2021}, eprint={2106.09462}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ``` Enjoy! 🤗

BAAI/bge-reranker-large

BAAI

transformers

feature-extraction

--- license: mit language: - en - zh tags: - mteb model-index: - name: bge-reranker-base results: - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: C-MTEB/CMedQAv1-reranking name: MTEB CMedQAv1 config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map value: 81.27206722525007 - type: mrr value: 84.14238095238095 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: C-MTEB/CMedQAv2-reranking name: MTEB CMedQAv2 config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map value: 84.10369934291236 - type: mrr value: 86.79376984126984 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: C-MTEB/Mmarco-reranking name: MTEB MMarcoReranking config: default split: dev revision: None metrics: - type: map value: 35.4600511272538 - type: mrr value: 34.60238095238095 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: C-MTEB/T2Reranking name: MTEB T2Reranking config: default split: dev revision: None metrics: - type: map value: 67.27728847727172 - type: mrr value: 77.1315192743764 pipeline_tag: feature-extraction --- **We have updated the [new reranker](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/llm_reranker), supporting larger lengths, more languages, and achieving better performance.** <h1 align="center">FlagEmbedding</h1> <h4 align="center"> <p> <a href=#model-list>Model List</a> | <a href=#frequently-asked-questions>FAQ</a> | <a href=#usage>Usage</a> | <a href="#evaluation">Evaluation</a> | <a href="#train">Train</a> | <a href="#citation">Citation</a> | <a href="#license">License</a> <p> </h4> **More details please refer to our Github: [FlagEmbedding](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding).** [English](README.md) | [中文](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/README_zh.md) FlagEmbedding focuses on retrieval-augmented LLMs, consisting of the following projects currently: - **Long-Context LLM**: [Activation Beacon](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/Long_LLM/activation_beacon) - **Fine-tuning of LM** : [LM-Cocktail](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/LM_Cocktail) - **Embedding Model**: [Visualized-BGE](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/visual), [BGE-M3](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/BGE_M3), [LLM Embedder](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/llm_embedder), [BGE Embedding](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/baai_general_embedding) - **Reranker Model**: [llm rerankers](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/llm_reranker), [BGE Reranker](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/reranker) - **Benchmark**: [C-MTEB](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/C_MTEB) ## News - 3/18/2024: Release new [rerankers](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/llm_reranker), built upon powerful M3 and LLM (GEMMA and MiniCPM, not so large actually) backbones, supporitng multi-lingual processing and larger inputs, massive improvements of ranking performances on BEIR, C-MTEB/Retrieval, MIRACL, LlamaIndex Evaluation. - 3/18/2024: Release [Visualized-BGE](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/visual), equipping BGE with visual capabilities. Visualized-BGE can be utilized to generate embeddings for hybrid image-text data. - 1/30/2024: Release **BGE-M3**, a new member to BGE model series! M3 stands for **M**ulti-linguality (100+ languages), **M**ulti-granularities (input length up to 8192), **M**ulti-Functionality (unification of dense, lexical, multi-vec/colbert retrieval). It is the first embedding model which supports all three retrieval methods, achieving new SOTA on multi-lingual (MIRACL) and cross-lingual (MKQA) benchmarks. [Technical Report](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/FlagEmbedding/BGE_M3/BGE_M3.pdf) and [Code](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/BGE_M3). :fire: - 1/9/2024: Release [Activation-Beacon](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/Long_LLM/activation_beacon), an effective, efficient, compatible, and low-cost (training) method to extend the context length of LLM. [Technical Report](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.03462) :fire: - 12/24/2023: Release **LLaRA**, a LLaMA-7B based dense retriever, leading to state-of-the-art performances on MS MARCO and BEIR. Model and code will be open-sourced. Please stay tuned. [Technical Report](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.15503) - 11/23/2023: Release [LM-Cocktail](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/LM_Cocktail), a method to maintain general capabilities during fine-tuning by merging multiple language models. [Technical Report](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.13534) :fire: - 10/12/2023: Release [LLM-Embedder](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/llm_embedder), a unified embedding model to support diverse retrieval augmentation needs for LLMs. [Technical Report](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.07554.pdf) - 09/15/2023: The [technical report](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.07597.pdf) of BGE has been released - 09/15/2023: The [massive training data](https://data.baai.ac.cn/details/BAAI-MTP) of BGE has been released - 09/12/2023: New models: - **New reranker model**: release cross-encoder models `BAAI/bge-reranker-base` and `BAAI/bge-reranker-large`, which are more powerful than embedding model. We recommend to use/fine-tune them to re-rank top-k documents returned by embedding models. - **update embedding model**: release `bge-*-v1.5` embedding model to alleviate the issue of the similarity distribution, and enhance its retrieval ability without instruction. <details> <summary>More</summary> <!-- ### More --> - 09/07/2023: Update [fine-tune code](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/FlagEmbedding/baai_general_embedding/README.md): Add script to mine hard negatives and support adding instruction during fine-tuning. - 08/09/2023: BGE Models are integrated into **Langchain**, you can use it like [this](#using-langchain); C-MTEB **leaderboard** is [available](https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard). - 08/05/2023: Release base-scale and small-scale models, **best performance among the models of the same size 🤗** - 08/02/2023: Release `bge-large-*`(short for BAAI General Embedding) Models, **rank 1st on MTEB and C-MTEB benchmark!** :tada: :tada: - 08/01/2023: We release the [Chinese Massive Text Embedding Benchmark](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/C_MTEB) (**C-MTEB**), consisting of 31 test dataset. </details> ## Model List `bge` is short for `BAAI general embedding`. | Model | Language | | Description | query instruction for retrieval [1] | |:-------------------------------|:--------:| :--------:| :--------:|:--------:| | [BAAI/bge-m3](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-m3) | Multilingual | [Inference](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/BGE_M3#usage) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/BGE_M3) | Multi-Functionality(dense retrieval, sparse retrieval, multi-vector(colbert)), Multi-Linguality, and Multi-Granularity(8192 tokens) | | | [BAAI/llm-embedder](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/llm-embedder) | English | [Inference](./FlagEmbedding/llm_embedder/README.md) [Fine-tune](./FlagEmbedding/llm_embedder/README.md) | a unified embedding model to support diverse retrieval augmentation needs for LLMs | See [README](./FlagEmbedding/llm_embedder/README.md) | | [BAAI/bge-reranker-large](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-large) | Chinese and English | [Inference](#usage-for-reranker) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/reranker) | a cross-encoder model which is more accurate but less efficient [2] | | | [BAAI/bge-reranker-base](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-base) | Chinese and English | [Inference](#usage-for-reranker) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/reranker) | a cross-encoder model which is more accurate but less efficient [2] | | | [BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5) | English | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution | `Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages: ` | | [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) | English | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution | `Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages: ` | | [BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5) | English | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution | `Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages: ` | | [BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5) | Chinese | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution | `为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：` | | [BAAI/bge-base-zh-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-zh-v1.5) | Chinese | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution | `为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：` | | [BAAI/bge-small-zh-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-zh-v1.5) | Chinese | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution | `为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：` | | [BAAI/bge-large-en](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en) | English | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | :trophy: rank **1st** in [MTEB](https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard) leaderboard | `Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages: ` | | [BAAI/bge-base-en](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en) | English | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | a base-scale model but with similar ability to `bge-large-en` | `Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages: ` | | [BAAI/bge-small-en](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en) | English | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) |a small-scale model but with competitive performance | `Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages: ` | | [BAAI/bge-large-zh](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-zh) | Chinese | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | :trophy: rank **1st** in [C-MTEB](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/C_MTEB) benchmark | `为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：` | | [BAAI/bge-base-zh](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-zh) | Chinese | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | a base-scale model but with similar ability to `bge-large-zh` | `为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：` | | [BAAI/bge-small-zh](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-zh) | Chinese | [Inference](#usage-for-embedding-model) [Fine-tune](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) | a small-scale model but with competitive performance | `为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：` | [1\]: If you need to search the relevant passages to a query, we suggest to add the instruction to the query; in other cases, no instruction is needed, just use the original query directly. In all cases, **no instruction** needs to be added to passages. [2\]: Different from embedding model, reranker uses question and document as input and directly output similarity instead of embedding. To balance the accuracy and time cost, cross-encoder is widely used to re-rank top-k documents retrieved by other simple models. For examples, use bge embedding model to retrieve top 100 relevant documents, and then use bge reranker to re-rank the top 100 document to get the final top-3 results. All models have been uploaded to Huggingface Hub, and you can see them at https://huggingface.co/BAAI. If you cannot open the Huggingface Hub, you also can download the models at https://model.baai.ac.cn/models . ## Frequently asked questions <details> <summary>1. How to fine-tune bge embedding model?</summary> <!-- ### How to fine-tune bge embedding model? --> Following this [example](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) to prepare data and fine-tune your model. Some suggestions: - Mine hard negatives following this [example](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune#hard-negatives), which can improve the retrieval performance. - If you pre-train bge on your data, the pre-trained model cannot be directly used to calculate similarity, and it must be fine-tuned with contrastive learning before computing similarity. - If the accuracy of the fine-tuned model is still not high, it is recommended to use/fine-tune the cross-encoder model (bge-reranker) to re-rank top-k results. Hard negatives also are needed to fine-tune reranker. Refer to this [example](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/reranker) for the fine-tuning for reranker </details> <details> <summary>2. The similarity score between two dissimilar sentences is higher than 0.5</summary> <!-- ### The similarity score between two dissimilar sentences is higher than 0.5 --> **Suggest to use bge v1.5, which alleviates the issue of the similarity distribution.** Since we finetune the models by contrastive learning with a temperature of 0.01, the similarity distribution of the current BGE model is about in the interval \[0.6, 1\]. So a similarity score greater than 0.5 does not indicate that the two sentences are similar. For downstream tasks, such as passage retrieval or semantic similarity, **what matters is the relative order of the scores, not the absolute value.** If you need to filter similar sentences based on a similarity threshold, please select an appropriate similarity threshold based on the similarity distribution on your data (such as 0.8, 0.85, or even 0.9). </details> <details> <summary>3. When does the query instruction need to be used</summary> <!-- ### When does the query instruction need to be used --> For the `bge-*-v1.5`, we improve its retrieval ability when not using instruction. No instruction only has a slight degradation in retrieval performance compared with using instruction. So you can generate embedding without instruction in all cases for convenience. For a retrieval task that uses short queries to find long related documents, it is recommended to add instructions for these short queries. **The best method to decide whether to add instructions for queries is choosing the setting that achieves better performance on your task.** In all cases, the documents/passages do not need to add the instruction. </details> ## Usage ### Usage for Embedding Model Here are some examples for using `bge` models with [FlagEmbedding](#using-flagembedding), [Sentence-Transformers](#using-sentence-transformers), [Langchain](#using-langchain), or [Huggingface Transformers](#using-huggingface-transformers). #### Using FlagEmbedding ``` pip install -U FlagEmbedding ``` If it doesn't work for you, you can see [FlagEmbedding](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/FlagEmbedding/baai_general_embedding/README.md) for more methods to install FlagEmbedding. ```python from FlagEmbedding import FlagModel sentences_1 = ["样例数据-1", "样例数据-2"] sentences_2 = ["样例数据-3", "样例数据-4"] model = FlagModel('BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5', query_instruction_for_retrieval="为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：", use_fp16=True) # Setting use_fp16 to True speeds up computation with a slight performance degradation embeddings_1 = model.encode(sentences_1) embeddings_2 = model.encode(sentences_2) similarity = embeddings_1 @ embeddings_2.T print(similarity) # for s2p(short query to long passage) retrieval task, suggest to use encode_queries() which will automatically add the instruction to each query # corpus in retrieval task can still use encode() or encode_corpus(), since they don't need instruction queries = ['query_1', 'query_2'] passages = ["样例文档-1", "样例文档-2"] q_embeddings = model.encode_queries(queries) p_embeddings = model.encode(passages) scores = q_embeddings @ p_embeddings.T ``` For the value of the argument `query_instruction_for_retrieval`, see [Model List](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master#model-list). By default, FlagModel will use all available GPUs when encoding. Please set `os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"]` to select specific GPUs. You also can set `os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"]=""` to make all GPUs unavailable. #### Using Sentence-Transformers You can also use the `bge` models with [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net): ``` pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer sentences_1 = ["样例数据-1", "样例数据-2"] sentences_2 = ["样例数据-3", "样例数据-4"] model = SentenceTransformer('BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5') embeddings_1 = model.encode(sentences_1, normalize_embeddings=True) embeddings_2 = model.encode(sentences_2, normalize_embeddings=True) similarity = embeddings_1 @ embeddings_2.T print(similarity) ``` For s2p(short query to long passage) retrieval task, each short query should start with an instruction (instructions see [Model List](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master#model-list)). But the instruction is not needed for passages. ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer queries = ['query_1', 'query_2'] passages = ["样例文档-1", "样例文档-2"] instruction = "为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：" model = SentenceTransformer('BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5') q_embeddings = model.encode([instruction+q for q in queries], normalize_embeddings=True) p_embeddings = model.encode(passages, normalize_embeddings=True) scores = q_embeddings @ p_embeddings.T ``` #### Using Langchain You can use `bge` in langchain like this: ```python from langchain.embeddings import HuggingFaceBgeEmbeddings model_name = "BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5" model_kwargs = {'device': 'cuda'} encode_kwargs = {'normalize_embeddings': True} # set True to compute cosine similarity model = HuggingFaceBgeEmbeddings( model_name=model_name, model_kwargs=model_kwargs, encode_kwargs=encode_kwargs, query_instruction="为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：" ) model.query_instruction = "为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：" ``` #### Using HuggingFace Transformers With the transformers package, you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you select the last hidden state of the first token (i.e., [CLS]) as the sentence embedding. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel import torch # Sentences we want sentence embeddings for sentences = ["样例数据-1", "样例数据-2"] # Load model from HuggingFace Hub tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5') model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5') model.eval() # Tokenize sentences encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') # for s2p(short query to long passage) retrieval task, add an instruction to query (not add instruction for passages) # encoded_input = tokenizer([instruction + q for q in queries], padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') # Compute token embeddings with torch.no_grad(): model_output = model(**encoded_input) # Perform pooling. In this case, cls pooling. sentence_embeddings = model_output[0][:, 0] # normalize embeddings sentence_embeddings = torch.nn.functional.normalize(sentence_embeddings, p=2, dim=1) print("Sentence embeddings:", sentence_embeddings) ``` ### Usage for Reranker Different from embedding model, reranker uses question and document as input and directly output similarity instead of embedding. You can get a relevance score by inputting query and passage to the reranker. The reranker is optimized based cross-entropy loss, so the relevance score is not bounded to a specific range. #### Using FlagEmbedding ``` pip install -U FlagEmbedding ``` Get relevance scores (higher scores indicate more relevance): ```python from FlagEmbedding import FlagReranker reranker = FlagReranker('BAAI/bge-reranker-large', use_fp16=True) # Setting use_fp16 to True speeds up computation with a slight performance degradation score = reranker.compute_score(['query', 'passage']) print(score) scores = reranker.compute_score([['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']]) print(scores) ``` #### Using Huggingface transformers ```python import torch from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-large') model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-large') model.eval() pairs = [['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']] with torch.no_grad(): inputs = tokenizer(pairs, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt', max_length=512) scores = model(**inputs, return_dict=True).logits.view(-1, ).float() print(scores) ``` #### Usage reranker with the ONNX files ```python from optimum.onnxruntime import ORTModelForSequenceClassification # type: ignore import torch from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-large') model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-base') model_ort = ORTModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-base', file_name="onnx/model.onnx") # Sentences we want sentence embeddings for pairs = [['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']] # Tokenize sentences encoded_input = tokenizer(pairs, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') scores_ort = model_ort(**encoded_input, return_dict=True).logits.view(-1, ).float() # Compute token embeddings with torch.inference_mode(): scores = model_ort(**encoded_input, return_dict=True).logits.view(-1, ).float() # scores and scores_ort are identical ``` #### Usage reranker with infinity Its also possible to deploy the onnx/torch files with the [infinity_emb](https://github.com/michaelfeil/infinity) pip package. ```python import asyncio from infinity_emb import AsyncEmbeddingEngine, EngineArgs query='what is a panda?' docs = ['The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear', "Paris is in France."] engine = AsyncEmbeddingEngine.from_args( EngineArgs(model_name_or_path = "BAAI/bge-reranker-base", device="cpu", engine="torch" # or engine="optimum" for onnx )) async def main(): async with engine: ranking, usage = await engine.rerank(query=query, docs=docs) print(list(zip(ranking, docs))) asyncio.run(main()) ``` ## Evaluation `baai-general-embedding` models achieve **state-of-the-art performance on both MTEB and C-MTEB leaderboard!** For more details and evaluation tools see our [scripts](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/C_MTEB/README.md). - **MTEB**: | Model Name | Dimension | Sequence Length | Average (56) | Retrieval (15) |Clustering (11) | Pair Classification (3) | Reranking (4) | STS (10) | Summarization (1) | Classification (12) | |:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | [BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5) | 1024 | 512 | **64.23** | **54.29** | 46.08 | 87.12 | 60.03 | 83.11 | 31.61 | 75.97 | | [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) | 768 | 512 | 63.55 | 53.25 | 45.77 | 86.55 | 58.86 | 82.4 | 31.07 | 75.53 | | [BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5) | 384 | 512 | 62.17 |51.68 | 43.82 | 84.92 | 58.36 | 81.59 | 30.12 | 74.14 | | [bge-large-en](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en) | 1024 | 512 | 63.98 | 53.9 | 46.98 | 85.8 | 59.48 | 81.56 | 32.06 | 76.21 | | [bge-base-en](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en) | 768 | 512 | 63.36 | 53.0 | 46.32 | 85.86 | 58.7 | 81.84 | 29.27 | 75.27 | | [gte-large](https://huggingface.co/thenlper/gte-large) | 1024 | 512 | 63.13 | 52.22 | 46.84 | 85.00 | 59.13 | 83.35 | 31.66 | 73.33 | | [gte-base](https://huggingface.co/thenlper/gte-base) | 768 | 512 | 62.39 | 51.14 | 46.2 | 84.57 | 58.61 | 82.3 | 31.17 | 73.01 | | [e5-large-v2](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/e5-large-v2) | 1024| 512 | 62.25 | 50.56 | 44.49 | 86.03 | 56.61 | 82.05 | 30.19 | 75.24 | | [bge-small-en](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en) | 384 | 512 | 62.11 | 51.82 | 44.31 | 83.78 | 57.97 | 80.72 | 30.53 | 74.37 | | [instructor-xl](https://huggingface.co/hkunlp/instructor-xl) | 768 | 512 | 61.79 | 49.26 | 44.74 | 86.62 | 57.29 | 83.06 | 32.32 | 61.79 | | [e5-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/e5-base-v2) | 768 | 512 | 61.5 | 50.29 | 43.80 | 85.73 | 55.91 | 81.05 | 30.28 | 73.84 | | [gte-small](https://huggingface.co/thenlper/gte-small) | 384 | 512 | 61.36 | 49.46 | 44.89 | 83.54 | 57.7 | 82.07 | 30.42 | 72.31 | | [text-embedding-ada-002](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/embeddings) | 1536 | 8192 | 60.99 | 49.25 | 45.9 | 84.89 | 56.32 | 80.97 | 30.8 | 70.93 | | [e5-small-v2](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/e5-base-v2) | 384 | 512 | 59.93 | 49.04 | 39.92 | 84.67 | 54.32 | 80.39 | 31.16 | 72.94 | | [sentence-t5-xxl](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/sentence-t5-xxl) | 768 | 512 | 59.51 | 42.24 | 43.72 | 85.06 | 56.42 | 82.63 | 30.08 | 73.42 | | [all-mpnet-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2) | 768 | 514 | 57.78 | 43.81 | 43.69 | 83.04 | 59.36 | 80.28 | 27.49 | 65.07 | | [sgpt-bloom-7b1-msmarco](https://huggingface.co/bigscience/sgpt-bloom-7b1-msmarco) | 4096 | 2048 | 57.59 | 48.22 | 38.93 | 81.9 | 55.65 | 77.74 | 33.6 | 66.19 | - **C-MTEB**: We create the benchmark C-MTEB for Chinese text embedding which consists of 31 datasets from 6 tasks. Please refer to [C_MTEB](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/C_MTEB/README.md) for a detailed introduction. | Model | Embedding dimension | Avg | Retrieval | STS | PairClassification | Classification | Reranking | Clustering | |:-------------------------------|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:| | [**BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5**](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5) | 1024 | **64.53** | 70.46 | 56.25 | 81.6 | 69.13 | 65.84 | 48.99 | | [BAAI/bge-base-zh-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-zh-v1.5) | 768 | 63.13 | 69.49 | 53.72 | 79.75 | 68.07 | 65.39 | 47.53 | | [BAAI/bge-small-zh-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-zh-v1.5) | 512 | 57.82 | 61.77 | 49.11 | 70.41 | 63.96 | 60.92 | 44.18 | | [BAAI/bge-large-zh](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-zh) | 1024 | 64.20 | 71.53 | 54.98 | 78.94 | 68.32 | 65.11 | 48.39 | | [bge-large-zh-noinstruct](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-zh-noinstruct) | 1024 | 63.53 | 70.55 | 53 | 76.77 | 68.58 | 64.91 | 50.01 | | [BAAI/bge-base-zh](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-zh) | 768 | 62.96 | 69.53 | 54.12 | 77.5 | 67.07 | 64.91 | 47.63 | | [multilingual-e5-large](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-large) | 1024 | 58.79 | 63.66 | 48.44 | 69.89 | 67.34 | 56.00 | 48.23 | | [BAAI/bge-small-zh](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-zh) | 512 | 58.27 | 63.07 | 49.45 | 70.35 | 63.64 | 61.48 | 45.09 | | [m3e-base](https://huggingface.co/moka-ai/m3e-base) | 768 | 57.10 | 56.91 | 50.47 | 63.99 | 67.52 | 59.34 | 47.68 | | [m3e-large](https://huggingface.co/moka-ai/m3e-large) | 1024 | 57.05 | 54.75 | 50.42 | 64.3 | 68.2 | 59.66 | 48.88 | | [multilingual-e5-base](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-base) | 768 | 55.48 | 61.63 | 46.49 | 67.07 | 65.35 | 54.35 | 40.68 | | [multilingual-e5-small](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-small) | 384 | 55.38 | 59.95 | 45.27 | 66.45 | 65.85 | 53.86 | 45.26 | | [text-embedding-ada-002(OpenAI)](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/embeddings/what-are-embeddings) | 1536 | 53.02 | 52.0 | 43.35 | 69.56 | 64.31 | 54.28 | 45.68 | | [luotuo](https://huggingface.co/silk-road/luotuo-bert-medium) | 1024 | 49.37 | 44.4 | 42.78 | 66.62 | 61 | 49.25 | 44.39 | | [text2vec-base](https://huggingface.co/shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese) | 768 | 47.63 | 38.79 | 43.41 | 67.41 | 62.19 | 49.45 | 37.66 | | [text2vec-large](https://huggingface.co/GanymedeNil/text2vec-large-chinese) | 1024 | 47.36 | 41.94 | 44.97 | 70.86 | 60.66 | 49.16 | 30.02 | - **Reranking**: See [C_MTEB](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/C_MTEB/) for evaluation script. | Model | T2Reranking | T2RerankingZh2En\* | T2RerankingEn2Zh\* | MMarcoReranking | CMedQAv1 | CMedQAv2 | Avg | |:-------------------------------|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:|:--------:| | text2vec-base-multilingual | 64.66 | 62.94 | 62.51 | 14.37 | 48.46 | 48.6 | 50.26 | | multilingual-e5-small | 65.62 | 60.94 | 56.41 | 29.91 | 67.26 | 66.54 | 57.78 | | multilingual-e5-large | 64.55 | 61.61 | 54.28 | 28.6 | 67.42 | 67.92 | 57.4 | | multilingual-e5-base | 64.21 | 62.13 | 54.68 | 29.5 | 66.23 | 66.98 | 57.29 | | m3e-base | 66.03 | 62.74 | 56.07 | 17.51 | 77.05 | 76.76 | 59.36 | | m3e-large | 66.13 | 62.72 | 56.1 | 16.46 | 77.76 | 78.27 | 59.57 | | bge-base-zh-v1.5 | 66.49 | 63.25 | 57.02 | 29.74 | 80.47 | 84.88 | 63.64 | | bge-large-zh-v1.5 | 65.74 | 63.39 | 57.03 | 28.74 | 83.45 | 85.44 | 63.97 | | [BAAI/bge-reranker-base](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-base) | 67.28 | 63.95 | 60.45 | 35.46 | 81.26 | 84.1 | 65.42 | | [BAAI/bge-reranker-large](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-large) | 67.6 | 64.03 | 61.44 | 37.16 | 82.15 | 84.18 | 66.09 | \* : T2RerankingZh2En and T2RerankingEn2Zh are cross-language retrieval tasks ## Train ### BAAI Embedding We pre-train the models using [retromae](https://github.com/staoxiao/RetroMAE) and train them on large-scale pairs data using contrastive learning. **You can fine-tune the embedding model on your data following our [examples](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune).** We also provide a [pre-train example](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/pretrain). Note that the goal of pre-training is to reconstruct the text, and the pre-trained model cannot be used for similarity calculation directly, it needs to be fine-tuned. More training details for bge see [baai_general_embedding](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/FlagEmbedding/baai_general_embedding/README.md). ### BGE Reranker Cross-encoder will perform full-attention over the input pair, which is more accurate than embedding model (i.e., bi-encoder) but more time-consuming than embedding model. Therefore, it can be used to re-rank the top-k documents returned by embedding model. We train the cross-encoder on a multilingual pair data, The data format is the same as embedding model, so you can fine-tune it easily following our [example](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/reranker). More details please refer to [./FlagEmbedding/reranker/README.md](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/reranker) ## Citation If you find this repository useful, please consider giving a star :star: and citation ``` @misc{bge_embedding, title={C-Pack: Packaged Resources To Advance General Chinese Embedding}, author={Shitao Xiao and Zheng Liu and Peitian Zhang and Niklas Muennighoff}, year={2023}, eprint={2309.07597}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ``` ## License FlagEmbedding is licensed under the [MIT License](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/blob/master/LICENSE). The released models can be used for commercial purposes free of charge.

nesaorg/fc_2

nesaorg

--- tags: - model_hub_mixin - pytorch_model_hub_mixin --- This model has been pushed to the Hub using the [PytorchModelHubMixin](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/package_reference/mixins#huggingface_hub.PyTorchModelHubMixin) integration: - Library: [More Information Needed] - Docs: [More Information Needed]

BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3

BAAI

sentence-transformers

text-classification

--- license: apache-2.0 pipeline_tag: text-classification tags: - transformers - sentence-transformers - text-embeddings-inference language: - multilingual --- # Reranker **More details please refer to our Github: [FlagEmbedding](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master).** - [Model List](#model-list) - [Usage](#usage) - [Fine-tuning](#fine-tune) - [Evaluation](#evaluation) - [Citation](#citation) Different from embedding model, reranker uses question and document as input and directly output similarity instead of embedding. You can get a relevance score by inputting query and passage to the reranker. And the score can be mapped to a float value in [0,1] by sigmoid function. ## Model List | Model | Base model | Language | layerwise | feature | |:--------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------:|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:| | [BAAI/bge-reranker-base](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-base) | [xlm-roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/xlm-roberta-base) | Chinese and English | - | Lightweight reranker model, easy to deploy, with fast inference. | | [BAAI/bge-reranker-large](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-large) | [xlm-roberta-large](https://huggingface.co/FacebookAI/xlm-roberta-large) | Chinese and English | - | Lightweight reranker model, easy to deploy, with fast inference. | | [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3) | [bge-m3](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-m3) | Multilingual | - | Lightweight reranker model, possesses strong multilingual capabilities, easy to deploy, with fast inference. | | [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma) | [gemma-2b](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-2b) | Multilingual | - | Suitable for multilingual contexts, performs well in both English proficiency and multilingual capabilities. | | [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise) | [MiniCPM-2B-dpo-bf16](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-2B-dpo-bf16) | Multilingual | 8-40 | Suitable for multilingual contexts, performs well in both English and Chinese proficiency, allows freedom to select layers for output, facilitating accelerated inference. | You can select the model according your senario and resource. - For **multilingual**, utilize [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3) and [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma) - For **Chinese or English**, utilize [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3) and [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise). - For **efficiency**, utilize [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3) and the low layer of [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise). - For better performance, recommand [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise) and [BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma) ## Usage ### Using FlagEmbedding ``` pip install -U FlagEmbedding ``` #### For normal reranker (bge-reranker-base / bge-reranker-large / bge-reranker-v2-m3 ) Get relevance scores (higher scores indicate more relevance): ```python from FlagEmbedding import FlagReranker reranker = FlagReranker('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3', use_fp16=True) # Setting use_fp16 to True speeds up computation with a slight performance degradation score = reranker.compute_score(['query', 'passage']) print(score) # -5.65234375 # You can map the scores into 0-1 by set "normalize=True", which will apply sigmoid function to the score score = reranker.compute_score(['query', 'passage'], normalize=True) print(score) # 0.003497010252573502 scores = reranker.compute_score([['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']]) print(scores) # [-8.1875, 5.26171875] # You can map the scores into 0-1 by set "normalize=True", which will apply sigmoid function to the score scores = reranker.compute_score([['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']], normalize=True) print(scores) # [0.00027803096387751553, 0.9948403768236574] ``` #### For LLM-based reranker ```python from FlagEmbedding import FlagLLMReranker reranker = FlagLLMReranker('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma', use_fp16=True) # Setting use_fp16 to True speeds up computation with a slight performance degradation # reranker = FlagLLMReranker('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma', use_bf16=True) # You can also set use_bf16=True to speed up computation with a slight performance degradation score = reranker.compute_score(['query', 'passage']) print(score) scores = reranker.compute_score([['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']]) print(scores) ``` #### For LLM-based layerwise reranker ```python from FlagEmbedding import LayerWiseFlagLLMReranker reranker = LayerWiseFlagLLMReranker('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise', use_fp16=True) # Setting use_fp16 to True speeds up computation with a slight performance degradation # reranker = LayerWiseFlagLLMReranker('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise', use_bf16=True) # You can also set use_bf16=True to speed up computation with a slight performance degradation score = reranker.compute_score(['query', 'passage'], cutoff_layers=[28]) # Adjusting 'cutoff_layers' to pick which layers are used for computing the score. print(score) scores = reranker.compute_score([['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']], cutoff_layers=[28]) print(scores) ``` ### Using Huggingface transformers #### For normal reranker (bge-reranker-base / bge-reranker-large / bge-reranker-v2-m3 ) Get relevance scores (higher scores indicate more relevance): ```python import torch from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3') model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3') model.eval() pairs = [['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']] with torch.no_grad(): inputs = tokenizer(pairs, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt', max_length=512) scores = model(**inputs, return_dict=True).logits.view(-1, ).float() print(scores) ``` #### For LLM-based reranker ```python import torch from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer def get_inputs(pairs, tokenizer, prompt=None, max_length=1024): if prompt is None: prompt = "Given a query A and a passage B, determine whether the passage contains an answer to the query by providing a prediction of either 'Yes' or 'No'." sep = "\n" prompt_inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors=None, add_special_tokens=False)['input_ids'] sep_inputs = tokenizer(sep, return_tensors=None, add_special_tokens=False)['input_ids'] inputs = [] for query, passage in pairs: query_inputs = tokenizer(f'A: {query}', return_tensors=None, add_special_tokens=False, max_length=max_length * 3 // 4, truncation=True) passage_inputs = tokenizer(f'B: {passage}', return_tensors=None, add_special_tokens=False, max_length=max_length, truncation=True) item = tokenizer.prepare_for_model( [tokenizer.bos_token_id] + query_inputs['input_ids'], sep_inputs + passage_inputs['input_ids'], truncation='only_second', max_length=max_length, padding=False, return_attention_mask=False, return_token_type_ids=False, add_special_tokens=False ) item['input_ids'] = item['input_ids'] + sep_inputs + prompt_inputs item['attention_mask'] = [1] * len(item['input_ids']) inputs.append(item) return tokenizer.pad( inputs, padding=True, max_length=max_length + len(sep_inputs) + len(prompt_inputs), pad_to_multiple_of=8, return_tensors='pt', ) tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma') model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma') yes_loc = tokenizer('Yes', add_special_tokens=False)['input_ids'][0] model.eval() pairs = [['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']] with torch.no_grad(): inputs = get_inputs(pairs, tokenizer) scores = model(**inputs, return_dict=True).logits[:, -1, yes_loc].view(-1, ).float() print(scores) ``` #### For LLM-based layerwise reranker ```python import torch from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer def get_inputs(pairs, tokenizer, prompt=None, max_length=1024): if prompt is None: prompt = "Given a query A and a passage B, determine whether the passage contains an answer to the query by providing a prediction of either 'Yes' or 'No'." sep = "\n" prompt_inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors=None, add_special_tokens=False)['input_ids'] sep_inputs = tokenizer(sep, return_tensors=None, add_special_tokens=False)['input_ids'] inputs = [] for query, passage in pairs: query_inputs = tokenizer(f'A: {query}', return_tensors=None, add_special_tokens=False, max_length=max_length * 3 // 4, truncation=True) passage_inputs = tokenizer(f'B: {passage}', return_tensors=None, add_special_tokens=False, max_length=max_length, truncation=True) item = tokenizer.prepare_for_model( [tokenizer.bos_token_id] + query_inputs['input_ids'], sep_inputs + passage_inputs['input_ids'], truncation='only_second', max_length=max_length, padding=False, return_attention_mask=False, return_token_type_ids=False, add_special_tokens=False ) item['input_ids'] = item['input_ids'] + sep_inputs + prompt_inputs item['attention_mask'] = [1] * len(item['input_ids']) inputs.append(item) return tokenizer.pad( inputs, padding=True, max_length=max_length + len(sep_inputs) + len(prompt_inputs), pad_to_multiple_of=8, return_tensors='pt', ) tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise', trust_remote_code=True) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise', trust_remote_code=True, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16) model = model.to('cuda') model.eval() pairs = [['what is panda?', 'hi'], ['what is panda?', 'The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), sometimes called a panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China.']] with torch.no_grad(): inputs = get_inputs(pairs, tokenizer).to(model.device) all_scores = model(**inputs, return_dict=True, cutoff_layers=[28]) all_scores = [scores[:, -1].view(-1, ).float() for scores in all_scores[0]] print(all_scores) ``` ## Fine-tune ### Data Format Train data should be a json file, where each line is a dict like this: ``` {"query": str, "pos": List[str], "neg":List[str], "prompt": str} ``` `query` is the query, and `pos` is a list of positive texts, `neg` is a list of negative texts, `prompt` indicates the relationship between query and texts. If you have no negative texts for a query, you can random sample some from the entire corpus as the negatives. See [toy_finetune_data.jsonl](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/llm_reranker/toy_finetune_data.jsonl) for a toy data file. ### Train You can fine-tune the reranker with the following code: **For llm-based reranker** ```shell torchrun --nproc_per_node {number of gpus} \ -m FlagEmbedding.llm_reranker.finetune_for_instruction.run \ --output_dir {path to save model} \ --model_name_or_path google/gemma-2b \ --train_data ./toy_finetune_data.jsonl \ --learning_rate 2e-4 \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 1 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 16 \ --dataloader_drop_last True \ --query_max_len 512 \ --passage_max_len 512 \ --train_group_size 16 \ --logging_steps 1 \ --save_steps 2000 \ --save_total_limit 50 \ --ddp_find_unused_parameters False \ --gradient_checkpointing \ --deepspeed stage1.json \ --warmup_ratio 0.1 \ --bf16 \ --use_lora True \ --lora_rank 32 \ --lora_alpha 64 \ --use_flash_attn True \ --target_modules q_proj k_proj v_proj o_proj ``` **For llm-based layerwise reranker** ```shell torchrun --nproc_per_node {number of gpus} \ -m FlagEmbedding.llm_reranker.finetune_for_layerwise.run \ --output_dir {path to save model} \ --model_name_or_path openbmb/MiniCPM-2B-dpo-bf16 \ --train_data ./toy_finetune_data.jsonl \ --learning_rate 2e-4 \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 1 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 16 \ --dataloader_drop_last True \ --query_max_len 512 \ --passage_max_len 512 \ --train_group_size 16 \ --logging_steps 1 \ --save_steps 2000 \ --save_total_limit 50 \ --ddp_find_unused_parameters False \ --gradient_checkpointing \ --deepspeed stage1.json \ --warmup_ratio 0.1 \ --bf16 \ --use_lora True \ --lora_rank 32 \ --lora_alpha 64 \ --use_flash_attn True \ --target_modules q_proj k_proj v_proj o_proj \ --start_layer 8 \ --head_multi True \ --head_type simple \ --lora_extra_parameters linear_head ``` Our rerankers are initialized from [google/gemma-2b](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-2b) (for llm-based reranker) and [openbmb/MiniCPM-2B-dpo-bf16](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-2B-dpo-bf16) (for llm-based layerwise reranker), and we train it on a mixture of multilingual datasets: - [bge-m3-data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Shitao/bge-m3-data) - [quora train data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/quora) - [fever train data](https://fever.ai/dataset/fever.html) ## Evaluation - llama-index.  - BEIR. rereank the top 100 results from bge-en-v1.5 large.  rereank the top 100 results from e5 mistral 7b instruct.  - CMTEB-retrieval. It rereank the top 100 results from bge-zh-v1.5 large.  - miracl (multi-language). It rereank the top 100 results from bge-m3.  ## Citation If you find this repository useful, please consider giving a star and citation ```bibtex @misc{li2023making, title={Making Large Language Models A Better Foundation For Dense Retrieval}, author={Chaofan Li and Zheng Liu and Shitao Xiao and Yingxia Shao}, year={2023}, eprint={2312.15503}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } @misc{chen2024bge, title={BGE M3-Embedding: Multi-Lingual, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation}, author={Jianlv Chen and Shitao Xiao and Peitian Zhang and Kun Luo and Defu Lian and Zheng Liu}, year={2024}, eprint={2402.03216}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ```

nesaorg/fc_4

nesaorg

--- tags: - model_hub_mixin - pytorch_model_hub_mixin --- This model has been pushed to the Hub using the [PytorchModelHubMixin](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/package_reference/mixins#huggingface_hub.PyTorchModelHubMixin) integration: - Library: [More Information Needed] - Docs: [More Information Needed]

nesaorg/fc_6

nesaorg

--- tags: - model_hub_mixin - pytorch_model_hub_mixin --- This model has been pushed to the Hub using the [PytorchModelHubMixin](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/package_reference/mixins#huggingface_hub.PyTorchModelHubMixin) integration: - Library: [More Information Needed] - Docs: [More Information Needed]

nlptown/bert-base-multilingual-uncased-sentiment

nlptown

transformers

text-classification

--- language: - en - nl - de - fr - it - es license: mit --- # bert-base-multilingual-uncased-sentiment This is a bert-base-multilingual-uncased model finetuned for sentiment analysis on product reviews in six languages: English, Dutch, German, French, Spanish, and Italian. It predicts the sentiment of the review as a number of stars (between 1 and 5). This model is intended for direct use as a sentiment analysis model for product reviews in any of the six languages above or for further finetuning on related sentiment analysis tasks. ## Training data Here is the number of product reviews we used for finetuning the model: | Language | Number of reviews | | -------- | ----------------- | | English | 150k | | Dutch | 80k | | German | 137k | | French | 140k | | Italian | 72k | | Spanish | 50k | ## Accuracy The fine-tuned model obtained the following accuracy on 5,000 held-out product reviews in each of the languages: - Accuracy (exact) is the exact match for the number of stars. - Accuracy (off-by-1) is the percentage of reviews where the number of stars the model predicts differs by a maximum of 1 from the number given by the human reviewer. | Language | Accuracy (exact) | Accuracy (off-by-1) | | -------- | ---------------------- | ------------------- | | English | 67% | 95% | Dutch | 57% | 93% | German | 61% | 94% | French | 59% | 94% | Italian | 59% | 95% | Spanish | 58% | 95% ## Contact If you found this model useful, you can buy me a coffee at https://www.buymeacoffee.com/yvespeirsman. In addition to this model, [NLP Town](http://nlp.town) offers custom models for many languages and NLP tasks. Feel free to contact me for questions, feedback and/or requests for similar models.

intfloat/e5-large-v2

intfloat

sentence-transformers

sentence-similarity

--- tags: - mteb - Sentence Transformers - sentence-similarity - sentence-transformers model-index: - name: e5-large-v2 results: - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 79.22388059701493 - type: ap value: 43.20816505595132 - type: f1 value: 73.27811303522058 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_polarity name: MTEB AmazonPolarityClassification config: default split: test revision: e2d317d38cd51312af73b3d32a06d1a08b442046 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 93.748325 - type: ap value: 90.72534979701297 - type: f1 value: 93.73895874282185 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 48.612 - type: f1 value: 47.61157345898393 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: arguana name: MTEB ArguAna config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 23.541999999999998 - type: map_at_10 value: 38.208 - type: map_at_100 value: 39.417 - type: map_at_1000 value: 39.428999999999995 - type: map_at_3 value: 33.95 - type: map_at_5 value: 36.329 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 23.755000000000003 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 38.288 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 39.511 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 39.523 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 34.009 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 36.434 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 23.541999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 46.417 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 51.812000000000005 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 52.137 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 37.528 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 41.81 - type: precision_at_1 value: 23.541999999999998 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.269 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.9690000000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.099 - type: precision_at_3 value: 15.979 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.664 - type: recall_at_1 value: 23.541999999999998 - type: recall_at_10 value: 72.688 - type: recall_at_100 value: 96.871 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 99.431 - type: recall_at_3 value: 47.937000000000005 - type: recall_at_5 value: 58.321 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/arxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB ArxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: a122ad7f3f0291bf49cc6f4d32aa80929df69d5d metrics: - type: v_measure value: 45.546499570522094 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/arxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB ArxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: f910caf1a6075f7329cdf8c1a6135696f37dbd53 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 41.01607489943561 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/askubuntudupquestions-reranking name: MTEB AskUbuntuDupQuestions config: default split: test revision: 2000358ca161889fa9c082cb41daa8dcfb161a54 metrics: - type: map value: 59.616107510107774 - type: mrr value: 72.75106626214661 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/biosses-sts name: MTEB BIOSSES config: default split: test revision: d3fb88f8f02e40887cd149695127462bbcf29b4a metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 84.33018094733868 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 83.60190492611737 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 82.1492450218961 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 82.70308926526991 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 81.93959600076842 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 82.73260801016369 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/banking77 name: MTEB Banking77Classification config: default split: test revision: 0fd18e25b25c072e09e0d92ab615fda904d66300 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 84.54545454545455 - type: f1 value: 84.49582530928923 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/biorxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB BiorxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: 65b79d1d13f80053f67aca9498d9402c2d9f1f40 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 37.362725540120096 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/biorxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB BiorxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: 258694dd0231531bc1fd9de6ceb52a0853c6d908 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 34.849509608178145 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackAndroidRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 31.502999999999997 - type: map_at_10 value: 43.323 - type: map_at_100 value: 44.708999999999996 - type: map_at_1000 value: 44.838 - type: map_at_3 value: 38.987 - type: map_at_5 value: 41.516999999999996 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 38.769999999999996 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 49.13 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 49.697 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 49.741 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 45.804 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 47.842 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 38.769999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 50.266999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 54.967 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 56.976000000000006 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 43.823 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 47.12 - type: precision_at_1 value: 38.769999999999996 - type: precision_at_10 value: 10.057 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.554 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.202 - type: precision_at_3 value: 21.125 - type: precision_at_5 value: 15.851 - type: recall_at_1 value: 31.502999999999997 - type: recall_at_10 value: 63.715999999999994 - type: recall_at_100 value: 83.61800000000001 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 96.63199999999999 - type: recall_at_3 value: 45.403 - type: recall_at_5 value: 54.481 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackEnglishRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 27.833000000000002 - type: map_at_10 value: 37.330999999999996 - type: map_at_100 value: 38.580999999999996 - type: map_at_1000 value: 38.708 - type: map_at_3 value: 34.713 - type: map_at_5 value: 36.104 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 35.223 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 43.419000000000004 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 44.198 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 44.249 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 41.614000000000004 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 42.553000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 35.223 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 42.687999999999995 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 47.447 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 49.701 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 39.162 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 40.557 - type: precision_at_1 value: 35.223 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.962 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.304 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.18 - type: precision_at_3 value: 19.023 - type: precision_at_5 value: 13.184999999999999 - type: recall_at_1 value: 27.833000000000002 - type: recall_at_10 value: 51.881 - type: recall_at_100 value: 72.04 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 86.644 - type: recall_at_3 value: 40.778 - type: recall_at_5 value: 45.176 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackGamingRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 38.175 - type: map_at_10 value: 51.174 - type: map_at_100 value: 52.26499999999999 - type: map_at_1000 value: 52.315999999999995 - type: map_at_3 value: 47.897 - type: map_at_5 value: 49.703 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 43.448 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 54.505 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 55.216 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 55.242000000000004 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 51.98500000000001 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 53.434000000000005 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 43.448 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 57.282 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 61.537 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 62.546 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 51.73799999999999 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 54.324 - type: precision_at_1 value: 43.448 - type: precision_at_10 value: 9.292 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.233 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.136 - type: precision_at_3 value: 23.218 - type: precision_at_5 value: 15.887 - type: recall_at_1 value: 38.175 - type: recall_at_10 value: 72.00999999999999 - type: recall_at_100 value: 90.155 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 97.257 - type: recall_at_3 value: 57.133 - type: recall_at_5 value: 63.424 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackGisRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 22.405 - type: map_at_10 value: 30.043 - type: map_at_100 value: 31.191000000000003 - type: map_at_1000 value: 31.275 - type: map_at_3 value: 27.034000000000002 - type: map_at_5 value: 28.688000000000002 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 24.068 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 31.993 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 32.992 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 33.050000000000004 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 28.964000000000002 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 30.653000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 24.068 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 35.198 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 40.709 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 42.855 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 29.139 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 32.045 - type: precision_at_1 value: 24.068 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.65 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.885 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.11199999999999999 - type: precision_at_3 value: 12.279 - type: precision_at_5 value: 8.994 - type: recall_at_1 value: 22.405 - type: recall_at_10 value: 49.391 - type: recall_at_100 value: 74.53699999999999 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 90.605 - type: recall_at_3 value: 33.126 - type: recall_at_5 value: 40.073 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackMathematicaRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 13.309999999999999 - type: map_at_10 value: 20.688000000000002 - type: map_at_100 value: 22.022 - type: map_at_1000 value: 22.152 - type: map_at_3 value: 17.954 - type: map_at_5 value: 19.439 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 16.294 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 24.479 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 25.515 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 25.593 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 21.642 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 23.189999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 16.294 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 25.833000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 32.074999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 35.083 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 20.493 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 22.949 - type: precision_at_1 value: 16.294 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.112 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.96 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.134 - type: precision_at_3 value: 9.908999999999999 - type: precision_at_5 value: 7.587000000000001 - type: recall_at_1 value: 13.309999999999999 - type: recall_at_10 value: 37.851 - type: recall_at_100 value: 64.835 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 86.334 - type: recall_at_3 value: 23.493 - type: recall_at_5 value: 29.528 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackPhysicsRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 25.857999999999997 - type: map_at_10 value: 35.503 - type: map_at_100 value: 36.957 - type: map_at_1000 value: 37.065 - type: map_at_3 value: 32.275999999999996 - type: map_at_5 value: 34.119 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 31.954 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 40.851 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 41.863 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 41.900999999999996 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 38.129999999999995 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 39.737 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 31.954 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 41.343999999999994 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 47.397 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 49.501 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 36.047000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 38.639 - type: precision_at_1 value: 31.954 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.68 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.247 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.16199999999999998 - type: precision_at_3 value: 17.132 - type: precision_at_5 value: 12.589 - type: recall_at_1 value: 25.857999999999997 - type: recall_at_10 value: 53.43599999999999 - type: recall_at_100 value: 78.82400000000001 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 92.78999999999999 - type: recall_at_3 value: 38.655 - type: recall_at_5 value: 45.216 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackProgrammersRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 24.709 - type: map_at_10 value: 34.318 - type: map_at_100 value: 35.657 - type: map_at_1000 value: 35.783 - type: map_at_3 value: 31.326999999999998 - type: map_at_5 value: 33.021 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 30.137000000000004 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 39.093 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 39.992 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 40.056999999999995 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 36.606 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 37.861 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 30.137000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 39.974 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 45.647999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 48.259 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 35.028 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 37.175999999999995 - type: precision_at_1 value: 30.137000000000004 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.363 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.184 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.161 - type: precision_at_3 value: 16.857 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.963 - type: recall_at_1 value: 24.709 - type: recall_at_10 value: 52.087 - type: recall_at_100 value: 76.125 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 93.82300000000001 - type: recall_at_3 value: 38.149 - type: recall_at_5 value: 43.984 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 23.40791666666667 - type: map_at_10 value: 32.458083333333335 - type: map_at_100 value: 33.691916666666664 - type: map_at_1000 value: 33.81191666666666 - type: map_at_3 value: 29.51625 - type: map_at_5 value: 31.168083333333335 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 27.96591666666666 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 36.528583333333344 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 37.404 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 37.464333333333336 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 33.92883333333333 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 35.41933333333333 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 27.96591666666666 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 37.89141666666666 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 43.23066666666666 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 45.63258333333333 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 32.811249999999994 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 35.22566666666667 - type: precision_at_1 value: 27.96591666666666 - type: precision_at_10 value: 6.834083333333332 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.12225 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.15241666666666667 - type: precision_at_3 value: 15.264333333333335 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.039416666666666 - type: recall_at_1 value: 23.40791666666667 - type: recall_at_10 value: 49.927083333333336 - type: recall_at_100 value: 73.44641666666668 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 90.19950000000001 - type: recall_at_3 value: 35.88341666666667 - type: recall_at_5 value: 42.061249999999994 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackStatsRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 19.592000000000002 - type: map_at_10 value: 26.895999999999997 - type: map_at_100 value: 27.921000000000003 - type: map_at_1000 value: 28.02 - type: map_at_3 value: 24.883 - type: map_at_5 value: 25.812 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 22.698999999999998 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 29.520999999999997 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 30.458000000000002 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 30.526999999999997 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 27.633000000000003 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 28.483999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 22.698999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 31.061 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 36.398 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 38.89 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 27.149 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 28.627000000000002 - type: precision_at_1 value: 22.698999999999998 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.106999999999999 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.857 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.11499999999999999 - type: precision_at_3 value: 11.963 - type: precision_at_5 value: 8.221 - type: recall_at_1 value: 19.592000000000002 - type: recall_at_10 value: 41.329 - type: recall_at_100 value: 66.094 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 84.511 - type: recall_at_3 value: 30.61 - type: recall_at_5 value: 34.213 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackTexRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 14.71 - type: map_at_10 value: 20.965 - type: map_at_100 value: 21.994 - type: map_at_1000 value: 22.133 - type: map_at_3 value: 18.741 - type: map_at_5 value: 19.951 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 18.307000000000002 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 24.66 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 25.540000000000003 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 25.629 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 22.511 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 23.72 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 18.307000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 25.153 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 30.229 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 33.623 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 21.203 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 23.006999999999998 - type: precision_at_1 value: 18.307000000000002 - type: precision_at_10 value: 4.725 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.8659999999999999 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.133 - type: precision_at_3 value: 10.14 - type: precision_at_5 value: 7.481 - type: recall_at_1 value: 14.71 - type: recall_at_10 value: 34.087 - type: recall_at_100 value: 57.147999999999996 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 81.777 - type: recall_at_3 value: 22.996 - type: recall_at_5 value: 27.73 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackUnixRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 23.472 - type: map_at_10 value: 32.699 - type: map_at_100 value: 33.867000000000004 - type: map_at_1000 value: 33.967000000000006 - type: map_at_3 value: 29.718 - type: map_at_5 value: 31.345 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 28.265 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 36.945 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 37.794 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 37.857 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 34.266000000000005 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 35.768 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 28.265 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 38.35 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 43.739 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 46.087 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 33.004 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 35.411 - type: precision_at_1 value: 28.265 - type: precision_at_10 value: 6.715999999999999 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.059 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.13799999999999998 - type: precision_at_3 value: 15.299 - type: precision_at_5 value: 10.951 - type: recall_at_1 value: 23.472 - type: recall_at_10 value: 51.413 - type: recall_at_100 value: 75.17 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 91.577 - type: recall_at_3 value: 36.651 - type: recall_at_5 value: 42.814 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackWebmastersRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 23.666 - type: map_at_10 value: 32.963 - type: map_at_100 value: 34.544999999999995 - type: map_at_1000 value: 34.792 - type: map_at_3 value: 29.74 - type: map_at_5 value: 31.5 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 29.051 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 38.013000000000005 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 38.997 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 39.055 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 34.947 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 36.815 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 29.051 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 39.361000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 45.186 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 47.867 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 33.797 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 36.456 - type: precision_at_1 value: 29.051 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.668 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.532 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.247 - type: precision_at_3 value: 15.876000000000001 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.779 - type: recall_at_1 value: 23.666 - type: recall_at_10 value: 51.858000000000004 - type: recall_at_100 value: 77.805 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 94.504 - type: recall_at_3 value: 36.207 - type: recall_at_5 value: 43.094 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackWordpressRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 15.662 - type: map_at_10 value: 23.594 - type: map_at_100 value: 24.593999999999998 - type: map_at_1000 value: 24.694 - type: map_at_3 value: 20.925 - type: map_at_5 value: 22.817999999999998 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 17.375 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 25.734 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 26.586 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 26.671 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 23.044 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 24.975 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 17.375 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 28.186 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 33.436 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 36.203 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 23.152 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 26.397 - type: precision_at_1 value: 17.375 - type: precision_at_10 value: 4.677 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.786 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.109 - type: precision_at_3 value: 10.351 - type: precision_at_5 value: 7.985 - type: recall_at_1 value: 15.662 - type: recall_at_10 value: 40.066 - type: recall_at_100 value: 65.006 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 85.94000000000001 - type: recall_at_3 value: 27.400000000000002 - type: recall_at_5 value: 35.002 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: climate-fever name: MTEB ClimateFEVER config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 8.853 - type: map_at_10 value: 15.568000000000001 - type: map_at_100 value: 17.383000000000003 - type: map_at_1000 value: 17.584 - type: map_at_3 value: 12.561 - type: map_at_5 value: 14.056 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 18.958 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 28.288000000000004 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 29.432000000000002 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 29.498 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 25.049 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 26.857 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 18.958 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 22.21 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 29.596 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 33.583 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 16.994999999999997 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 18.95 - type: precision_at_1 value: 18.958 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.192 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.5 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.22399999999999998 - type: precision_at_3 value: 12.573 - type: precision_at_5 value: 10.202 - type: recall_at_1 value: 8.853 - type: recall_at_10 value: 28.087 - type: recall_at_100 value: 53.701 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 76.29899999999999 - type: recall_at_3 value: 15.913 - type: recall_at_5 value: 20.658 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: dbpedia-entity name: MTEB DBPedia config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 9.077 - type: map_at_10 value: 20.788999999999998 - type: map_at_100 value: 30.429000000000002 - type: map_at_1000 value: 32.143 - type: map_at_3 value: 14.692 - type: map_at_5 value: 17.139 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 70.75 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 78.036 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 78.401 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 78.404 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 76.75 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 77.47500000000001 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 58.12500000000001 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 44.015 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 49.247 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 56.211999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 49.151 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 46.195 - type: precision_at_1 value: 70.75 - type: precision_at_10 value: 35.5 - type: precision_at_100 value: 11.355 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 2.1950000000000003 - type: precision_at_3 value: 53.083000000000006 - type: precision_at_5 value: 44.800000000000004 - type: recall_at_1 value: 9.077 - type: recall_at_10 value: 26.259 - type: recall_at_100 value: 56.547000000000004 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 78.551 - type: recall_at_3 value: 16.162000000000003 - type: recall_at_5 value: 19.753999999999998 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/emotion name: MTEB EmotionClassification config: default split: test revision: 4f58c6b202a23cf9a4da393831edf4f9183cad37 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 49.44500000000001 - type: f1 value: 44.67067691783401 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: fever name: MTEB FEVER config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 68.182 - type: map_at_10 value: 78.223 - type: map_at_100 value: 78.498 - type: map_at_1000 value: 78.512 - type: map_at_3 value: 76.71 - type: map_at_5 value: 77.725 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 73.177 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 82.513 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 82.633 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 82.635 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 81.376 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 82.182 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 73.177 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 82.829 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 83.84 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 84.07900000000001 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 80.303 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 81.846 - type: precision_at_1 value: 73.177 - type: precision_at_10 value: 10.241999999999999 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.099 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.11399999999999999 - type: precision_at_3 value: 31.247999999999998 - type: precision_at_5 value: 19.697 - type: recall_at_1 value: 68.182 - type: recall_at_10 value: 92.657 - type: recall_at_100 value: 96.709 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 98.184 - type: recall_at_3 value: 85.9 - type: recall_at_5 value: 89.755 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: fiqa name: MTEB FiQA2018 config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 21.108 - type: map_at_10 value: 33.342 - type: map_at_100 value: 35.281 - type: map_at_1000 value: 35.478 - type: map_at_3 value: 29.067 - type: map_at_5 value: 31.563000000000002 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 41.667 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 49.913000000000004 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 50.724000000000004 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 50.766 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 47.504999999999995 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 49.033 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 41.667 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 41.144 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 48.326 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 51.486 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 37.486999999999995 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 38.78 - type: precision_at_1 value: 41.667 - type: precision_at_10 value: 11.358 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.873 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.244 - type: precision_at_3 value: 25 - type: precision_at_5 value: 18.519 - type: recall_at_1 value: 21.108 - type: recall_at_10 value: 47.249 - type: recall_at_100 value: 74.52 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 93.31 - type: recall_at_3 value: 33.271 - type: recall_at_5 value: 39.723000000000006 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: hotpotqa name: MTEB HotpotQA config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 40.317 - type: map_at_10 value: 64.861 - type: map_at_100 value: 65.697 - type: map_at_1000 value: 65.755 - type: map_at_3 value: 61.258 - type: map_at_5 value: 63.590999999999994 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 80.635 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 86.528 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 86.66199999999999 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 86.666 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 85.744 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 86.24300000000001 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 80.635 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 73.13199999999999 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 75.927 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 76.976 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 68.241 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 71.071 - type: precision_at_1 value: 80.635 - type: precision_at_10 value: 15.326 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.7500000000000002 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.189 - type: precision_at_3 value: 43.961 - type: precision_at_5 value: 28.599999999999998 - type: recall_at_1 value: 40.317 - type: recall_at_10 value: 76.631 - type: recall_at_100 value: 87.495 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 94.362 - type: recall_at_3 value: 65.94200000000001 - type: recall_at_5 value: 71.499 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/imdb name: MTEB ImdbClassification config: default split: test revision: 3d86128a09e091d6018b6d26cad27f2739fc2db7 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 91.686 - type: ap value: 87.5577120393173 - type: f1 value: 91.6629447355139 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: msmarco name: MTEB MSMARCO config: default split: dev revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 23.702 - type: map_at_10 value: 36.414 - type: map_at_100 value: 37.561 - type: map_at_1000 value: 37.605 - type: map_at_3 value: 32.456 - type: map_at_5 value: 34.827000000000005 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 24.355 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 37.01 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 38.085 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 38.123000000000005 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 33.117999999999995 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 35.452 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 24.384 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 43.456 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 48.892 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 49.964 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 35.475 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 39.711 - type: precision_at_1 value: 24.384 - type: precision_at_10 value: 6.7940000000000005 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.951 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.104 - type: precision_at_3 value: 15.052999999999999 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.189 - type: recall_at_1 value: 23.702 - type: recall_at_10 value: 65.057 - type: recall_at_100 value: 90.021 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 98.142 - type: recall_at_3 value: 43.551 - type: recall_at_5 value: 53.738 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/mtop_domain name: MTEB MTOPDomainClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: d80d48c1eb48d3562165c59d59d0034df9fff0bf metrics: - type: accuracy value: 94.62380300957591 - type: f1 value: 94.49871222100734 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/mtop_intent name: MTEB MTOPIntentClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: ae001d0e6b1228650b7bd1c2c65fb50ad11a8aba metrics: - type: accuracy value: 77.14090287277702 - type: f1 value: 60.32101258220515 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_massive_intent name: MTEB MassiveIntentClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: 31efe3c427b0bae9c22cbb560b8f15491cc6bed7 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 73.84330867518494 - type: f1 value: 71.92248688515255 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_massive_scenario name: MTEB MassiveScenarioClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: 7d571f92784cd94a019292a1f45445077d0ef634 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 78.10692669804976 - type: f1 value: 77.9904839122866 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/medrxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB MedrxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: e7a26af6f3ae46b30dde8737f02c07b1505bcc73 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 31.822988923078444 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/medrxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB MedrxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: 35191c8c0dca72d8ff3efcd72aa802307d469663 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 30.38394880253403 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/mind_small name: MTEB MindSmallReranking config: default split: test revision: 3bdac13927fdc888b903db93b2ffdbd90b295a69 metrics: - type: map value: 31.82504612539082 - type: mrr value: 32.84462298174977 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: nfcorpus name: MTEB NFCorpus config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 6.029 - type: map_at_10 value: 14.088999999999999 - type: map_at_100 value: 17.601 - type: map_at_1000 value: 19.144 - type: map_at_3 value: 10.156 - type: map_at_5 value: 11.892 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 46.44 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 56.596999999999994 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 57.11000000000001 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 57.14 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 54.334 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 55.774 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 44.891999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 37.134 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 33.652 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 42.548 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 41.851 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 39.842 - type: precision_at_1 value: 46.44 - type: precision_at_10 value: 27.647 - type: precision_at_100 value: 8.309999999999999 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 2.146 - type: precision_at_3 value: 39.422000000000004 - type: precision_at_5 value: 34.675 - type: recall_at_1 value: 6.029 - type: recall_at_10 value: 18.907 - type: recall_at_100 value: 33.76 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 65.14999999999999 - type: recall_at_3 value: 11.584999999999999 - type: recall_at_5 value: 14.626 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: nq name: MTEB NQ config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 39.373000000000005 - type: map_at_10 value: 55.836 - type: map_at_100 value: 56.611999999999995 - type: map_at_1000 value: 56.63 - type: map_at_3 value: 51.747 - type: map_at_5 value: 54.337999999999994 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 44.147999999999996 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 58.42699999999999 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 58.902 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 58.914 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 55.156000000000006 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 57.291000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 44.119 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 63.444 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 66.40599999999999 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 66.822 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 55.962 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 60.228 - type: precision_at_1 value: 44.119 - type: precision_at_10 value: 10.006 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.17 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.121 - type: precision_at_3 value: 25.135 - type: precision_at_5 value: 17.59 - type: recall_at_1 value: 39.373000000000005 - type: recall_at_10 value: 83.78999999999999 - type: recall_at_100 value: 96.246 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 99.324 - type: recall_at_3 value: 64.71900000000001 - type: recall_at_5 value: 74.508 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: quora name: MTEB QuoraRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 69.199 - type: map_at_10 value: 82.892 - type: map_at_100 value: 83.578 - type: map_at_1000 value: 83.598 - type: map_at_3 value: 79.948 - type: map_at_5 value: 81.779 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 79.67 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 86.115 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 86.249 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 86.251 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 85.08200000000001 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 85.783 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 79.67 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 86.839 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 88.252 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 88.401 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 83.86200000000001 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 85.473 - type: precision_at_1 value: 79.67 - type: precision_at_10 value: 13.19 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.521 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.157 - type: precision_at_3 value: 36.677 - type: precision_at_5 value: 24.118000000000002 - type: recall_at_1 value: 69.199 - type: recall_at_10 value: 94.321 - type: recall_at_100 value: 99.20400000000001 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 99.947 - type: recall_at_3 value: 85.787 - type: recall_at_5 value: 90.365 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/reddit-clustering name: MTEB RedditClustering config: default split: test revision: 24640382cdbf8abc73003fb0fa6d111a705499eb metrics: - type: v_measure value: 55.82810046856353 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/reddit-clustering-p2p name: MTEB RedditClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: 282350215ef01743dc01b456c7f5241fa8937f16 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 63.38132611783628 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: scidocs name: MTEB SCIDOCS config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 5.127000000000001 - type: map_at_10 value: 12.235 - type: map_at_100 value: 14.417 - type: map_at_1000 value: 14.75 - type: map_at_3 value: 8.906 - type: map_at_5 value: 10.591000000000001 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 25.2 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 35.879 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 36.935 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 36.997 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 32.783 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 34.367999999999995 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 25.2 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 20.509 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 28.67 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 34.42 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 19.948 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 17.166 - type: precision_at_1 value: 25.2 - type: precision_at_10 value: 10.440000000000001 - type: precision_at_100 value: 2.214 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.359 - type: precision_at_3 value: 18.533 - type: precision_at_5 value: 14.860000000000001 - type: recall_at_1 value: 5.127000000000001 - type: recall_at_10 value: 21.147 - type: recall_at_100 value: 44.946999999999996 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 72.89 - type: recall_at_3 value: 11.277 - type: recall_at_5 value: 15.042 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/sickr-sts name: MTEB SICK-R config: default split: test revision: a6ea5a8cab320b040a23452cc28066d9beae2cee metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 83.0373011786213 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 79.27889560856613 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 80.31186315495655 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 79.41630415280811 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 80.31755140442013 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 79.43069870027611 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/sts12-sts name: MTEB STS12 config: default split: test revision: a0d554a64d88156834ff5ae9920b964011b16384 metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 84.8659751342045 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 76.95377612997667 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 81.24552945497848 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 77.18236963555253 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 81.26477607759037 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 77.13821753062756 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/sts13-sts name: MTEB STS13 config: default split: test revision: 7e90230a92c190f1bf69ae9002b8cea547a64cca metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 83.34597139044875 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 84.124169425592 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 83.68590721511401 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 84.18846190846398 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 83.57630235061498 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 84.10244043726902 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/sts14-sts name: MTEB STS14 config: default split: test revision: 6031580fec1f6af667f0bd2da0a551cf4f0b2375 metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 82.67641885599572 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 80.46450725650428 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 81.61645042715865 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 80.61418394236874 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 81.55712034928871 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 80.57905670523951 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/sts15-sts name: MTEB STS15 config: default split: test revision: ae752c7c21bf194d8b67fd573edf7ae58183cbe3 metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 88.86650310886782 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 89.76081629222328 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 89.1530747029954 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 89.80990657280248 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 89.10640563278132 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 89.76282108434047 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/sts16-sts name: MTEB STS16 config: default split: test revision: 4d8694f8f0e0100860b497b999b3dbed754a0513 metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 83.93864027911118 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 85.47096193999023 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 85.03141840870533 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 85.43124029598181 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 84.99002664393512 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 85.39169195120834 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/sts17-crosslingual-sts name: MTEB STS17 (en-en) config: en-en split: test revision: af5e6fb845001ecf41f4c1e033ce921939a2a68d metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 88.7045343749832 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 89.03262221146677 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 89.56078218264365 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 89.17827006466868 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 89.52717595468582 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 89.15878115952923 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/sts22-crosslingual-sts name: MTEB STS22 (en) config: en split: test revision: 6d1ba47164174a496b7fa5d3569dae26a6813b80 metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 64.20191302875551 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 64.11446552557646 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 64.6918197393619 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 63.440182631197764 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 64.55692904121835 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 63.424877742756266 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/stsbenchmark-sts name: MTEB STSBenchmark config: default split: test revision: b0fddb56ed78048fa8b90373c8a3cfc37b684831 metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 86.37793104662344 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 87.7357802629067 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 87.4286301545109 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 87.78452920777421 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 87.42445169331255 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 87.78537677249598 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/scidocs-reranking name: MTEB SciDocsRR config: default split: test revision: d3c5e1fc0b855ab6097bf1cda04dd73947d7caab metrics: - type: map value: 84.31465405081792 - type: mrr value: 95.7173781193389 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: scifact name: MTEB SciFact config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 57.760999999999996 - type: map_at_10 value: 67.904 - type: map_at_100 value: 68.539 - type: map_at_1000 value: 68.562 - type: map_at_3 value: 65.415 - type: map_at_5 value: 66.788 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 60.333000000000006 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 68.797 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 69.236 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 69.257 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 66.667 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 67.967 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 60.333000000000006 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 72.24199999999999 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 74.86 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 75.354 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 67.93400000000001 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 70.02199999999999 - type: precision_at_1 value: 60.333000000000006 - type: precision_at_10 value: 9.533 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.09 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.11299999999999999 - type: precision_at_3 value: 26.778000000000002 - type: precision_at_5 value: 17.467 - type: recall_at_1 value: 57.760999999999996 - type: recall_at_10 value: 84.383 - type: recall_at_100 value: 96.267 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 100 - type: recall_at_3 value: 72.628 - type: recall_at_5 value: 78.094 - task: type: PairClassification dataset: type: mteb/sprintduplicatequestions-pairclassification name: MTEB SprintDuplicateQuestions config: default split: test revision: d66bd1f72af766a5cc4b0ca5e00c162f89e8cc46 metrics: - type: cos_sim_accuracy value: 99.8029702970297 - type: cos_sim_ap value: 94.9210324173411 - type: cos_sim_f1 value: 89.8521162672106 - type: cos_sim_precision value: 91.67533818938605 - type: cos_sim_recall value: 88.1 - type: dot_accuracy value: 99.69504950495049 - type: dot_ap value: 90.4919719146181 - type: dot_f1 value: 84.72289156626506 - type: dot_precision value: 81.76744186046511 - type: dot_recall value: 87.9 - type: euclidean_accuracy value: 99.79702970297029 - type: euclidean_ap value: 94.87827463795753 - type: euclidean_f1 value: 89.55680081507896 - type: euclidean_precision value: 91.27725856697819 - type: euclidean_recall value: 87.9 - type: manhattan_accuracy value: 99.7990099009901 - type: manhattan_ap value: 94.87587025149682 - type: manhattan_f1 value: 89.76298537569339 - type: manhattan_precision value: 90.53916581892166 - type: manhattan_recall value: 89 - type: max_accuracy value: 99.8029702970297 - type: max_ap value: 94.9210324173411 - type: max_f1 value: 89.8521162672106 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/stackexchange-clustering name: MTEB StackExchangeClustering config: default split: test revision: 6cbc1f7b2bc0622f2e39d2c77fa502909748c259 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 65.92385753948724 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/stackexchange-clustering-p2p name: MTEB StackExchangeClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: 815ca46b2622cec33ccafc3735d572c266efdb44 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 33.671756975431144 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/stackoverflowdupquestions-reranking name: MTEB StackOverflowDupQuestions config: default split: test revision: e185fbe320c72810689fc5848eb6114e1ef5ec69 metrics: - type: map value: 50.677928036739004 - type: mrr value: 51.56413133435193 - task: type: Summarization dataset: type: mteb/summeval name: MTEB SummEval config: default split: test revision: cda12ad7615edc362dbf25a00fdd61d3b1eaf93c metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 30.523589340819683 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 30.187407518823235 - type: dot_pearson value: 29.039713969699015 - type: dot_spearman value: 29.114740651155508 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: trec-covid name: MTEB TRECCOVID config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 0.211 - type: map_at_10 value: 1.6199999999999999 - type: map_at_100 value: 8.658000000000001 - type: map_at_1000 value: 21.538 - type: map_at_3 value: 0.575 - type: map_at_5 value: 0.919 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 78 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 86.18599999999999 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 86.18599999999999 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 86.18599999999999 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 85 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 85.9 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 74 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 66.542 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 50.163999999999994 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 45.696999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 71.531 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 70.45 - type: precision_at_1 value: 78 - type: precision_at_10 value: 69.39999999999999 - type: precision_at_100 value: 51.06 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 20.022000000000002 - type: precision_at_3 value: 76 - type: precision_at_5 value: 74.8 - type: recall_at_1 value: 0.211 - type: recall_at_10 value: 1.813 - type: recall_at_100 value: 12.098 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 42.618 - type: recall_at_3 value: 0.603 - type: recall_at_5 value: 0.987 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: webis-touche2020 name: MTEB Touche2020 config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 2.2079999999999997 - type: map_at_10 value: 7.777000000000001 - type: map_at_100 value: 12.825000000000001 - type: map_at_1000 value: 14.196 - type: map_at_3 value: 4.285 - type: map_at_5 value: 6.177 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 30.612000000000002 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 42.635 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 43.955 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 43.955 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 38.435 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 41.088 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 28.571 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 20.666999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 31.840000000000003 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 43.191 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 23.45 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 22.994 - type: precision_at_1 value: 30.612000000000002 - type: precision_at_10 value: 17.959 - type: precision_at_100 value: 6.755 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 1.4200000000000002 - type: precision_at_3 value: 23.810000000000002 - type: precision_at_5 value: 23.673 - type: recall_at_1 value: 2.2079999999999997 - type: recall_at_10 value: 13.144 - type: recall_at_100 value: 42.491 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 77.04299999999999 - type: recall_at_3 value: 5.3469999999999995 - type: recall_at_5 value: 9.139 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/toxic_conversations_50k name: MTEB ToxicConversationsClassification config: default split: test revision: d7c0de2777da35d6aae2200a62c6e0e5af397c4c metrics: - type: accuracy value: 70.9044 - type: ap value: 14.625783489340755 - type: f1 value: 54.814936562590546 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/tweet_sentiment_extraction name: MTEB TweetSentimentExtractionClassification config: default split: test revision: d604517c81ca91fe16a244d1248fc021f9ecee7a metrics: - type: accuracy value: 60.94227504244483 - type: f1 value: 61.22516038508854 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/twentynewsgroups-clustering name: MTEB TwentyNewsgroupsClustering config: default split: test revision: 6125ec4e24fa026cec8a478383ee943acfbd5449 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 49.602409155145864 - task: type: PairClassification dataset: type: mteb/twittersemeval2015-pairclassification name: MTEB TwitterSemEval2015 config: default split: test revision: 70970daeab8776df92f5ea462b6173c0b46fd2d1 metrics: - type: cos_sim_accuracy value: 86.94641473445789 - type: cos_sim_ap value: 76.91572747061197 - type: cos_sim_f1 value: 70.14348097317529 - type: cos_sim_precision value: 66.53254437869822 - type: cos_sim_recall value: 74.1688654353562 - type: dot_accuracy value: 84.80061989628658 - type: dot_ap value: 70.7952548895177 - type: dot_f1 value: 65.44780728844965 - type: dot_precision value: 61.53310104529617 - type: dot_recall value: 69.89445910290237 - type: euclidean_accuracy value: 86.94641473445789 - type: euclidean_ap value: 76.80774009393652 - type: euclidean_f1 value: 70.30522503879979 - type: euclidean_precision value: 68.94977168949772 - type: euclidean_recall value: 71.71503957783642 - type: manhattan_accuracy value: 86.8629671574179 - type: manhattan_ap value: 76.76518632600317 - type: manhattan_f1 value: 70.16056518946692 - type: manhattan_precision value: 68.360450563204 - type: manhattan_recall value: 72.0580474934037 - type: max_accuracy value: 86.94641473445789 - type: max_ap value: 76.91572747061197 - type: max_f1 value: 70.30522503879979 - task: type: PairClassification dataset: type: mteb/twitterurlcorpus-pairclassification name: MTEB TwitterURLCorpus config: default split: test revision: 8b6510b0b1fa4e4c4f879467980e9be563ec1cdf metrics: - type: cos_sim_accuracy value: 89.10428066907285 - type: cos_sim_ap value: 86.25114759921435 - type: cos_sim_f1 value: 78.37857884586856 - type: cos_sim_precision value: 75.60818546078993 - type: cos_sim_recall value: 81.35971666153372 - type: dot_accuracy value: 87.41995575736406 - type: dot_ap value: 81.51838010086782 - type: dot_f1 value: 74.77398015435503 - type: dot_precision value: 71.53002390662354 - type: dot_recall value: 78.32614721281182 - type: euclidean_accuracy value: 89.12368533395428 - type: euclidean_ap value: 86.33456799874504 - type: euclidean_f1 value: 78.45496750232127 - type: euclidean_precision value: 75.78388462366364 - type: euclidean_recall value: 81.32121958731136 - type: manhattan_accuracy value: 89.10622113556099 - type: manhattan_ap value: 86.31215061745333 - type: manhattan_f1 value: 78.40684906011539 - type: manhattan_precision value: 75.89536643366722 - type: manhattan_recall value: 81.09023714197721 - type: max_accuracy value: 89.12368533395428 - type: max_ap value: 86.33456799874504 - type: max_f1 value: 78.45496750232127 language: - en license: mit --- # E5-large-v2 [Text Embeddings by Weakly-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.03533.pdf). Liang Wang, Nan Yang, Xiaolong Huang, Binxing Jiao, Linjun Yang, Daxin Jiang, Rangan Majumder, Furu Wei, arXiv 2022 This model has 24 layers and the embedding size is 1024. ## Usage Below is an example to encode queries and passages from the MS-MARCO passage ranking dataset. ```python import torch.nn.functional as F from torch import Tensor from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel def average_pool(last_hidden_states: Tensor, attention_mask: Tensor) -> Tensor: last_hidden = last_hidden_states.masked_fill(~attention_mask[..., None].bool(), 0.0) return last_hidden.sum(dim=1) / attention_mask.sum(dim=1)[..., None] # Each input text should start with "query: " or "passage: ". # For tasks other than retrieval, you can simply use the "query: " prefix. input_texts = ['query: how much protein should a female eat', 'query: summit define', "passage: As a general guideline, the CDC's average requirement of protein for women ages 19 to 70 is 46 grams per day. But, as you can see from this chart, you'll need to increase that if you're expecting or training for a marathon. Check out the chart below to see how much protein you should be eating each day.", "passage: Definition of summit for English Language Learners. : 1 the highest point of a mountain : the top of a mountain. : 2 the highest level. : 3 a meeting or series of meetings between the leaders of two or more governments."] tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('intfloat/e5-large-v2') model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('intfloat/e5-large-v2') # Tokenize the input texts batch_dict = tokenizer(input_texts, max_length=512, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') outputs = model(**batch_dict) embeddings = average_pool(outputs.last_hidden_state, batch_dict['attention_mask']) # normalize embeddings embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1) scores = (embeddings[:2] @ embeddings[2:].T) * 100 print(scores.tolist()) ``` ## Training Details Please refer to our paper at [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.03533.pdf](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.03533.pdf). ## Benchmark Evaluation Check out [unilm/e5](https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/tree/master/e5) to reproduce evaluation results on the [BEIR](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08663) and [MTEB benchmark](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316). ## Support for Sentence Transformers Below is an example for usage with sentence_transformers. ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer model = SentenceTransformer('intfloat/e5-large-v2') input_texts = [ 'query: how much protein should a female eat', 'query: summit define', "passage: As a general guideline, the CDC's average requirement of protein for women ages 19 to 70 is 46 grams per day. But, as you can see from this chart, you'll need to increase that if you're expecting or training for a marathon. Check out the chart below to see how much protein you should be eating each day.", "passage: Definition of summit for English Language Learners. : 1 the highest point of a mountain : the top of a mountain. : 2 the highest level. : 3 a meeting or series of meetings between the leaders of two or more governments." ] embeddings = model.encode(input_texts, normalize_embeddings=True) ``` Package requirements `pip install sentence_transformers~=2.2.2` Contributors: [michaelfeil](https://huggingface.co/michaelfeil) ## FAQ **1. Do I need to add the prefix "query: " and "passage: " to input texts?** Yes, this is how the model is trained, otherwise you will see a performance degradation. Here are some rules of thumb: - Use "query: " and "passage: " correspondingly for asymmetric tasks such as passage retrieval in open QA, ad-hoc information retrieval. - Use "query: " prefix for symmetric tasks such as semantic similarity, paraphrase retrieval. - Use "query: " prefix if you want to use embeddings as features, such as linear probing classification, clustering. **2. Why are my reproduced results slightly different from reported in the model card?** Different versions of `transformers` and `pytorch` could cause negligible but non-zero performance differences. **3. Why does the cosine similarity scores distribute around 0.7 to 1.0?** This is a known and expected behavior as we use a low temperature 0.01 for InfoNCE contrastive loss. For text embedding tasks like text retrieval or semantic similarity, what matters is the relative order of the scores instead of the absolute values, so this should not be an issue. ## Citation If you find our paper or models helpful, please consider cite as follows: ``` @article{wang2022text, title={Text Embeddings by Weakly-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training}, author={Wang, Liang and Yang, Nan and Huang, Xiaolong and Jiao, Binxing and Yang, Linjun and Jiang, Daxin and Majumder, Rangan and Wei, Furu}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.03533}, year={2022} } ``` ## Limitations This model only works for English texts. Long texts will be truncated to at most 512 tokens.

timm/resnet18.a1_in1k

timm

timm

image-classification

--- tags: - image-classification - timm license: apache-2.0 library_name: timm --- # Model card for resnet18.a1_in1k A ResNet-B image classification model. This model features: * ReLU activations * single layer 7x7 convolution with pooling * 1x1 convolution shortcut downsample Trained on ImageNet-1k in `timm` using recipe template described below. Recipe details: * ResNet Strikes Back `A1` recipe * LAMB optimizer with BCE loss * Cosine LR schedule with warmup ## Model Details - **Model Type:** Image classification / feature backbone - **Model Stats:** - Params (M): 11.7 - GMACs: 1.8 - Activations (M): 2.5 - Image size: train = 224 x 224, test = 288 x 288 - **Papers:** - ResNet strikes back: An improved training procedure in timm: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.00476 - Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition: https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385 - **Original:** https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-image-models ## Model Usage ### Image Classification ```python from urllib.request import urlopen from PIL import Image import timm img = Image.open(urlopen( 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/beignets-task-guide.png' )) model = timm.create_model('resnet18.a1_in1k', pretrained=True) model = model.eval() # get model specific transforms (normalization, resize) data_config = timm.data.resolve_model_data_config(model) transforms = timm.data.create_transform(**data_config, is_training=False) output = model(transforms(img).unsqueeze(0)) # unsqueeze single image into batch of 1 top5_probabilities, top5_class_indices = torch.topk(output.softmax(dim=1) * 100, k=5) ``` ### Feature Map Extraction ```python from urllib.request import urlopen from PIL import Image import timm img = Image.open(urlopen( 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/beignets-task-guide.png' )) model = timm.create_model( 'resnet18.a1_in1k', pretrained=True, features_only=True, ) model = model.eval() # get model specific transforms (normalization, resize) data_config = timm.data.resolve_model_data_config(model) transforms = timm.data.create_transform(**data_config, is_training=False) output = model(transforms(img).unsqueeze(0)) # unsqueeze single image into batch of 1 for o in output: # print shape of each feature map in output # e.g.: # torch.Size([1, 64, 112, 112]) # torch.Size([1, 64, 56, 56]) # torch.Size([1, 128, 28, 28]) # torch.Size([1, 256, 14, 14]) # torch.Size([1, 512, 7, 7]) print(o.shape) ``` ### Image Embeddings ```python from urllib.request import urlopen from PIL import Image import timm img = Image.open(urlopen( 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/beignets-task-guide.png' )) model = timm.create_model( 'resnet18.a1_in1k', pretrained=True, num_classes=0, # remove classifier nn.Linear ) model = model.eval() # get model specific transforms (normalization, resize) data_config = timm.data.resolve_model_data_config(model) transforms = timm.data.create_transform(**data_config, is_training=False) output = model(transforms(img).unsqueeze(0)) # output is (batch_size, num_features) shaped tensor # or equivalently (without needing to set num_classes=0) output = model.forward_features(transforms(img).unsqueeze(0)) # output is unpooled, a (1, 512, 7, 7) shaped tensor output = model.forward_head(output, pre_logits=True) # output is a (1, num_features) shaped tensor ``` ## Model Comparison Explore the dataset and runtime metrics of this model in timm [model results](https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-image-models/tree/main/results). |model |img_size|top1 |top5 |param_count|gmacs|macts|img/sec| |------------------------------------------|--------|-----|-----|-----------|-----|-----|-------| |[seresnextaa101d_32x8d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k_288](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnextaa101d_32x8d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k_288)|320 |86.72|98.17|93.6 |35.2 |69.7 |451 | |[seresnextaa101d_32x8d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k_288](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnextaa101d_32x8d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k_288)|288 |86.51|98.08|93.6 |28.5 |56.4 |560 | |[seresnextaa101d_32x8d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnextaa101d_32x8d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k)|288 |86.49|98.03|93.6 |28.5 |56.4 |557 | |[seresnextaa101d_32x8d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnextaa101d_32x8d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k)|224 |85.96|97.82|93.6 |17.2 |34.2 |923 | |[resnext101_32x32d.fb_wsl_ig1b_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x32d.fb_wsl_ig1b_ft_in1k)|224 |85.11|97.44|468.5 |87.3 |91.1 |254 | |[resnetrs420.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs420.tf_in1k)|416 |85.0 |97.12|191.9 |108.4|213.8|134 | |[ecaresnet269d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet269d.ra2_in1k)|352 |84.96|97.22|102.1 |50.2 |101.2|291 | |[ecaresnet269d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet269d.ra2_in1k)|320 |84.73|97.18|102.1 |41.5 |83.7 |353 | |[resnetrs350.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs350.tf_in1k)|384 |84.71|96.99|164.0 |77.6 |154.7|183 | |[seresnextaa101d_32x8d.ah_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnextaa101d_32x8d.ah_in1k)|288 |84.57|97.08|93.6 |28.5 |56.4 |557 | |[resnetrs200.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs200.tf_in1k)|320 |84.45|97.08|93.2 |31.5 |67.8 |446 | |[resnetrs270.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs270.tf_in1k)|352 |84.43|96.97|129.9 |51.1 |105.5|280 | |[seresnext101d_32x8d.ah_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext101d_32x8d.ah_in1k)|288 |84.36|96.92|93.6 |27.6 |53.0 |595 | |[seresnet152d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet152d.ra2_in1k)|320 |84.35|97.04|66.8 |24.1 |47.7 |610 | |[resnetrs350.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs350.tf_in1k)|288 |84.3 |96.94|164.0 |43.7 |87.1 |333 | |[resnext101_32x8d.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x8d.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k)|224 |84.28|97.17|88.8 |16.5 |31.2 |1100 | |[resnetrs420.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs420.tf_in1k)|320 |84.24|96.86|191.9 |64.2 |126.6|228 | |[seresnext101_32x8d.ah_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext101_32x8d.ah_in1k)|288 |84.19|96.87|93.6 |27.2 |51.6 |613 | |[resnext101_32x16d.fb_wsl_ig1b_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x16d.fb_wsl_ig1b_ft_in1k)|224 |84.18|97.19|194.0 |36.3 |51.2 |581 | |[resnetaa101d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetaa101d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k)|288 |84.11|97.11|44.6 |15.1 |29.0 |1144 | |[resnet200d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet200d.ra2_in1k)|320 |83.97|96.82|64.7 |31.2 |67.3 |518 | |[resnetrs200.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs200.tf_in1k)|256 |83.87|96.75|93.2 |20.2 |43.4 |692 | |[seresnextaa101d_32x8d.ah_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnextaa101d_32x8d.ah_in1k)|224 |83.86|96.65|93.6 |17.2 |34.2 |923 | |[resnetrs152.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs152.tf_in1k)|320 |83.72|96.61|86.6 |24.3 |48.1 |617 | |[seresnet152d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet152d.ra2_in1k)|256 |83.69|96.78|66.8 |15.4 |30.6 |943 | |[seresnext101d_32x8d.ah_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext101d_32x8d.ah_in1k)|224 |83.68|96.61|93.6 |16.7 |32.0 |986 | |[resnet152d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152d.ra2_in1k)|320 |83.67|96.74|60.2 |24.1 |47.7 |706 | |[resnetrs270.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs270.tf_in1k)|256 |83.59|96.61|129.9 |27.1 |55.8 |526 | |[seresnext101_32x8d.ah_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext101_32x8d.ah_in1k)|224 |83.58|96.4 |93.6 |16.5 |31.2 |1013 | |[resnetaa101d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetaa101d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k)|224 |83.54|96.83|44.6 |9.1 |17.6 |1864 | |[resnet152.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.a1h_in1k)|288 |83.46|96.54|60.2 |19.1 |37.3 |904 | |[resnext101_32x16d.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x16d.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k)|224 |83.35|96.85|194.0 |36.3 |51.2 |582 | |[resnet200d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet200d.ra2_in1k)|256 |83.23|96.53|64.7 |20.0 |43.1 |809 | |[resnext101_32x4d.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x4d.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k)|224 |83.22|96.75|44.2 |8.0 |21.2 |1814 | |[resnext101_64x4d.c1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_64x4d.c1_in1k)|288 |83.16|96.38|83.5 |25.7 |51.6 |590 | |[resnet152d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152d.ra2_in1k)|256 |83.14|96.38|60.2 |15.4 |30.5 |1096 | |[resnet101d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101d.ra2_in1k)|320 |83.02|96.45|44.6 |16.5 |34.8 |992 | |[ecaresnet101d.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet101d.miil_in1k)|288 |82.98|96.54|44.6 |13.4 |28.2 |1077 | |[resnext101_64x4d.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_64x4d.tv_in1k)|224 |82.98|96.25|83.5 |15.5 |31.2 |989 | |[resnetrs152.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs152.tf_in1k)|256 |82.86|96.28|86.6 |15.6 |30.8 |951 | |[resnext101_32x8d.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x8d.tv2_in1k)|224 |82.83|96.22|88.8 |16.5 |31.2 |1099 | |[resnet152.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.a1h_in1k)|224 |82.8 |96.13|60.2 |11.6 |22.6 |1486 | |[resnet101.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.a1h_in1k)|288 |82.8 |96.32|44.6 |13.0 |26.8 |1291 | |[resnet152.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.a1_in1k)|288 |82.74|95.71|60.2 |19.1 |37.3 |905 | |[resnext101_32x8d.fb_wsl_ig1b_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x8d.fb_wsl_ig1b_ft_in1k)|224 |82.69|96.63|88.8 |16.5 |31.2 |1100 | |[resnet152.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.a2_in1k)|288 |82.62|95.75|60.2 |19.1 |37.3 |904 | |[resnetaa50d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetaa50d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k)|288 |82.61|96.49|25.6 |8.9 |20.6 |1729 | |[resnet61q.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet61q.ra2_in1k)|288 |82.53|96.13|36.8 |9.9 |21.5 |1773 | |[wide_resnet101_2.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/wide_resnet101_2.tv2_in1k)|224 |82.5 |96.02|126.9 |22.8 |21.2 |1078 | |[resnext101_64x4d.c1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_64x4d.c1_in1k)|224 |82.46|95.92|83.5 |15.5 |31.2 |987 | |[resnet51q.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet51q.ra2_in1k)|288 |82.36|96.18|35.7 |8.1 |20.9 |1964 | |[ecaresnet50t.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50t.ra2_in1k)|320 |82.35|96.14|25.6 |8.8 |24.1 |1386 | |[resnet101.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.a1_in1k)|288 |82.31|95.63|44.6 |13.0 |26.8 |1291 | |[resnetrs101.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs101.tf_in1k)|288 |82.29|96.01|63.6 |13.6 |28.5 |1078 | |[resnet152.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.tv2_in1k)|224 |82.29|96.0 |60.2 |11.6 |22.6 |1484 | |[wide_resnet50_2.racm_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/wide_resnet50_2.racm_in1k)|288 |82.27|96.06|68.9 |18.9 |23.8 |1176 | |[resnet101d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101d.ra2_in1k)|256 |82.26|96.07|44.6 |10.6 |22.2 |1542 | |[resnet101.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.a2_in1k)|288 |82.24|95.73|44.6 |13.0 |26.8 |1290 | |[seresnext50_32x4d.racm_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext50_32x4d.racm_in1k)|288 |82.2 |96.14|27.6 |7.0 |23.8 |1547 | |[ecaresnet101d.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet101d.miil_in1k)|224 |82.18|96.05|44.6 |8.1 |17.1 |1771 | |[resnext50_32x4d.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k)|224 |82.17|96.22|25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2943 | |[ecaresnet50t.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50t.a1_in1k)|288 |82.12|95.65|25.6 |7.1 |19.6 |1704 | |[resnext50_32x4d.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.a1h_in1k)|288 |82.03|95.94|25.0 |7.0 |23.8 |1745 | |[ecaresnet101d_pruned.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet101d_pruned.miil_in1k)|288 |82.0 |96.15|24.9 |5.8 |12.7 |1787 | |[resnet61q.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet61q.ra2_in1k)|256 |81.99|95.85|36.8 |7.8 |17.0 |2230 | |[resnext101_32x8d.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x8d.tv2_in1k)|176 |81.98|95.72|88.8 |10.3 |19.4 |1768 | |[resnet152.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.a1_in1k)|224 |81.97|95.24|60.2 |11.6 |22.6 |1486 | |[resnet101.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.a1h_in1k)|224 |81.93|95.75|44.6 |7.8 |16.2 |2122 | |[resnet101.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.tv2_in1k)|224 |81.9 |95.77|44.6 |7.8 |16.2 |2118 | |[resnext101_32x16d.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x16d.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k)|224 |81.84|96.1 |194.0 |36.3 |51.2 |583 | |[resnet51q.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet51q.ra2_in1k)|256 |81.78|95.94|35.7 |6.4 |16.6 |2471 | |[resnet152.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.a2_in1k)|224 |81.77|95.22|60.2 |11.6 |22.6 |1485 | |[resnetaa50d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetaa50d.sw_in12k_ft_in1k)|224 |81.74|96.06|25.6 |5.4 |12.4 |2813 | |[ecaresnet50t.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50t.a2_in1k)|288 |81.65|95.54|25.6 |7.1 |19.6 |1703 | |[ecaresnet50d.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50d.miil_in1k)|288 |81.64|95.88|25.6 |7.2 |19.7 |1694 | |[resnext101_32x8d.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x8d.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k)|224 |81.62|96.04|88.8 |16.5 |31.2 |1101 | |[wide_resnet50_2.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/wide_resnet50_2.tv2_in1k)|224 |81.61|95.76|68.9 |11.4 |14.4 |1930 | |[resnetaa50.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetaa50.a1h_in1k)|288 |81.61|95.83|25.6 |8.5 |19.2 |1868 | |[resnet101.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.a1_in1k)|224 |81.5 |95.16|44.6 |7.8 |16.2 |2125 | |[resnext50_32x4d.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.a1_in1k)|288 |81.48|95.16|25.0 |7.0 |23.8 |1745 | |[gcresnet50t.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/gcresnet50t.ra2_in1k)|288 |81.47|95.71|25.9 |6.9 |18.6 |2071 | |[wide_resnet50_2.racm_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/wide_resnet50_2.racm_in1k)|224 |81.45|95.53|68.9 |11.4 |14.4 |1929 | |[resnet50d.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50d.a1_in1k)|288 |81.44|95.22|25.6 |7.2 |19.7 |1908 | |[ecaresnet50t.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50t.ra2_in1k)|256 |81.44|95.67|25.6 |5.6 |15.4 |2168 | |[ecaresnetlight.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnetlight.miil_in1k)|288 |81.4 |95.82|30.2 |6.8 |13.9 |2132 | |[resnet50d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50d.ra2_in1k)|288 |81.37|95.74|25.6 |7.2 |19.7 |1910 | |[resnet101.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.a2_in1k)|224 |81.32|95.19|44.6 |7.8 |16.2 |2125 | |[seresnet50.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet50.ra2_in1k)|288 |81.3 |95.65|28.1 |6.8 |18.4 |1803 | |[resnext50_32x4d.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.a2_in1k)|288 |81.3 |95.11|25.0 |7.0 |23.8 |1746 | |[seresnext50_32x4d.racm_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext50_32x4d.racm_in1k)|224 |81.27|95.62|27.6 |4.3 |14.4 |2591 | |[ecaresnet50t.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50t.a1_in1k)|224 |81.26|95.16|25.6 |4.3 |11.8 |2823 | |[gcresnext50ts.ch_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/gcresnext50ts.ch_in1k)|288 |81.23|95.54|15.7 |4.8 |19.6 |2117 | |[senet154.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/senet154.gluon_in1k)|224 |81.23|95.35|115.1 |20.8 |38.7 |545 | |[resnet50.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.a1_in1k)|288 |81.22|95.11|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2089 | |[resnet50_gn.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50_gn.a1h_in1k)|288 |81.22|95.63|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |676 | |[resnet50d.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50d.a2_in1k)|288 |81.18|95.09|25.6 |7.2 |19.7 |1908 | |[resnet50.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k)|224 |81.18|95.98|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3455 | |[resnext50_32x4d.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.tv2_in1k)|224 |81.17|95.34|25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2933 | |[resnext50_32x4d.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.a1h_in1k)|224 |81.1 |95.33|25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2934 | |[seresnet50.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet50.a2_in1k)|288 |81.1 |95.23|28.1 |6.8 |18.4 |1801 | |[seresnet50.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet50.a1_in1k)|288 |81.1 |95.12|28.1 |6.8 |18.4 |1799 | |[resnet152s.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152s.gluon_in1k)|224 |81.02|95.41|60.3 |12.9 |25.0 |1347 | |[resnet50.d_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.d_in1k)|288 |80.97|95.44|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2085 | |[gcresnet50t.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/gcresnet50t.ra2_in1k)|256 |80.94|95.45|25.9 |5.4 |14.7 |2571 | |[resnext101_32x4d.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x4d.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k)|224 |80.93|95.73|44.2 |8.0 |21.2 |1814 | |[resnet50.c1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.c1_in1k)|288 |80.91|95.55|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2084 | |[seresnext101_32x4d.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext101_32x4d.gluon_in1k)|224 |80.9 |95.31|49.0 |8.0 |21.3 |1585 | |[seresnext101_64x4d.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext101_64x4d.gluon_in1k)|224 |80.9 |95.3 |88.2 |15.5 |31.2 |918 | |[resnet50.c2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.c2_in1k)|288 |80.86|95.52|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2085 | |[resnet50.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.tv2_in1k)|224 |80.85|95.43|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3450 | |[ecaresnet50t.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50t.a2_in1k)|224 |80.84|95.02|25.6 |4.3 |11.8 |2821 | |[ecaresnet101d_pruned.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet101d_pruned.miil_in1k)|224 |80.79|95.62|24.9 |3.5 |7.7 |2961 | |[seresnet33ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet33ts.ra2_in1k)|288 |80.79|95.36|19.8 |6.0 |14.8 |2506 | |[ecaresnet50d_pruned.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50d_pruned.miil_in1k)|288 |80.79|95.58|19.9 |4.2 |10.6 |2349 | |[resnet50.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.a2_in1k)|288 |80.78|94.99|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2088 | |[resnet50.b1k_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.b1k_in1k)|288 |80.71|95.43|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2087 | |[resnext50_32x4d.ra_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.ra_in1k)|288 |80.7 |95.39|25.0 |7.0 |23.8 |1749 | |[resnetrs101.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs101.tf_in1k)|192 |80.69|95.24|63.6 |6.0 |12.7 |2270 | |[resnet50d.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50d.a1_in1k)|224 |80.68|94.71|25.6 |4.4 |11.9 |3162 | |[eca_resnet33ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/eca_resnet33ts.ra2_in1k)|288 |80.68|95.36|19.7 |6.0 |14.8 |2637 | |[resnet50.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.a1h_in1k)|224 |80.67|95.3 |25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3452 | |[resnext50d_32x4d.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50d_32x4d.bt_in1k)|288 |80.67|95.42|25.0 |7.4 |25.1 |1626 | |[resnetaa50.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetaa50.a1h_in1k)|224 |80.63|95.21|25.6 |5.2 |11.6 |3034 | |[ecaresnet50d.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50d.miil_in1k)|224 |80.61|95.32|25.6 |4.4 |11.9 |2813 | |[resnext101_64x4d.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_64x4d.gluon_in1k)|224 |80.61|94.99|83.5 |15.5 |31.2 |989 | |[gcresnet33ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/gcresnet33ts.ra2_in1k)|288 |80.6 |95.31|19.9 |6.0 |14.8 |2578 | |[gcresnext50ts.ch_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/gcresnext50ts.ch_in1k)|256 |80.57|95.17|15.7 |3.8 |15.5 |2710 | |[resnet152.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.a3_in1k)|224 |80.56|95.0 |60.2 |11.6 |22.6 |1483 | |[resnet50d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50d.ra2_in1k)|224 |80.53|95.16|25.6 |4.4 |11.9 |3164 | |[resnext50_32x4d.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.a1_in1k)|224 |80.53|94.46|25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2930 | |[wide_resnet101_2.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/wide_resnet101_2.tv2_in1k)|176 |80.48|94.98|126.9 |14.3 |13.2 |1719 | |[resnet152d.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152d.gluon_in1k)|224 |80.47|95.2 |60.2 |11.8 |23.4 |1428 | |[resnet50.b2k_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.b2k_in1k)|288 |80.45|95.32|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2086 | |[ecaresnetlight.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnetlight.miil_in1k)|224 |80.45|95.24|30.2 |4.1 |8.4 |3530 | |[resnext50_32x4d.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.a2_in1k)|224 |80.45|94.63|25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2936 | |[wide_resnet50_2.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/wide_resnet50_2.tv2_in1k)|176 |80.43|95.09|68.9 |7.3 |9.0 |3015 | |[resnet101d.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101d.gluon_in1k)|224 |80.42|95.01|44.6 |8.1 |17.0 |2007 | |[resnet50.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.a1_in1k)|224 |80.38|94.6 |25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3461 | |[seresnet33ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet33ts.ra2_in1k)|256 |80.36|95.1 |19.8 |4.8 |11.7 |3267 | |[resnext101_32x4d.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x4d.gluon_in1k)|224 |80.34|94.93|44.2 |8.0 |21.2 |1814 | |[resnext50_32x4d.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k)|224 |80.32|95.4 |25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2941 | |[resnet101s.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101s.gluon_in1k)|224 |80.28|95.16|44.7 |9.2 |18.6 |1851 | |[seresnet50.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet50.ra2_in1k)|224 |80.26|95.08|28.1 |4.1 |11.1 |2972 | |[resnetblur50.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetblur50.bt_in1k)|288 |80.24|95.24|25.6 |8.5 |19.9 |1523 | |[resnet50d.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50d.a2_in1k)|224 |80.22|94.63|25.6 |4.4 |11.9 |3162 | |[resnet152.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.tv2_in1k)|176 |80.2 |94.64|60.2 |7.2 |14.0 |2346 | |[seresnet50.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet50.a2_in1k)|224 |80.08|94.74|28.1 |4.1 |11.1 |2969 | |[eca_resnet33ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/eca_resnet33ts.ra2_in1k)|256 |80.08|94.97|19.7 |4.8 |11.7 |3284 | |[gcresnet33ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/gcresnet33ts.ra2_in1k)|256 |80.06|94.99|19.9 |4.8 |11.7 |3216 | |[resnet50_gn.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50_gn.a1h_in1k)|224 |80.06|94.95|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |1109 | |[seresnet50.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet50.a1_in1k)|224 |80.02|94.71|28.1 |4.1 |11.1 |2962 | |[resnet50.ram_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.ram_in1k)|288 |79.97|95.05|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2086 | |[resnet152c.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152c.gluon_in1k)|224 |79.92|94.84|60.2 |11.8 |23.4 |1455 | |[seresnext50_32x4d.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext50_32x4d.gluon_in1k)|224 |79.91|94.82|27.6 |4.3 |14.4 |2591 | |[resnet50.d_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.d_in1k)|224 |79.91|94.67|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3456 | |[resnet101.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.tv2_in1k)|176 |79.9 |94.6 |44.6 |4.9 |10.1 |3341 | |[resnetrs50.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs50.tf_in1k)|224 |79.89|94.97|35.7 |4.5 |12.1 |2774 | |[resnet50.c2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.c2_in1k)|224 |79.88|94.87|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3455 | |[ecaresnet26t.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet26t.ra2_in1k)|320 |79.86|95.07|16.0 |5.2 |16.4 |2168 | |[resnet50.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.a2_in1k)|224 |79.85|94.56|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3460 | |[resnet50.ra_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.ra_in1k)|288 |79.83|94.97|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2087 | |[resnet101.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.a3_in1k)|224 |79.82|94.62|44.6 |7.8 |16.2 |2114 | |[resnext50_32x4d.ra_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.ra_in1k)|224 |79.76|94.6 |25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2943 | |[resnet50.c1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.c1_in1k)|224 |79.74|94.95|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3455 | |[ecaresnet50d_pruned.miil_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50d_pruned.miil_in1k)|224 |79.74|94.87|19.9 |2.5 |6.4 |3929 | |[resnet33ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet33ts.ra2_in1k)|288 |79.71|94.83|19.7 |6.0 |14.8 |2710 | |[resnet152.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.gluon_in1k)|224 |79.68|94.74|60.2 |11.6 |22.6 |1486 | |[resnext50d_32x4d.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50d_32x4d.bt_in1k)|224 |79.67|94.87|25.0 |4.5 |15.2 |2729 | |[resnet50.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.bt_in1k)|288 |79.63|94.91|25.6 |6.8 |18.4 |2086 | |[ecaresnet50t.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50t.a3_in1k)|224 |79.56|94.72|25.6 |4.3 |11.8 |2805 | |[resnet101c.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101c.gluon_in1k)|224 |79.53|94.58|44.6 |8.1 |17.0 |2062 | |[resnet50.b1k_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.b1k_in1k)|224 |79.52|94.61|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3459 | |[resnet50.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.tv2_in1k)|176 |79.42|94.64|25.6 |2.6 |6.9 |5397 | |[resnet32ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet32ts.ra2_in1k)|288 |79.4 |94.66|18.0 |5.9 |14.6 |2752 | |[resnet50.b2k_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.b2k_in1k)|224 |79.38|94.57|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3459 | |[resnext50_32x4d.tv2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.tv2_in1k)|176 |79.37|94.3 |25.0 |2.7 |9.0 |4577 | |[resnext50_32x4d.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.gluon_in1k)|224 |79.36|94.43|25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2942 | |[resnext101_32x8d.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext101_32x8d.tv_in1k)|224 |79.31|94.52|88.8 |16.5 |31.2 |1100 | |[resnet101.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.gluon_in1k)|224 |79.31|94.53|44.6 |7.8 |16.2 |2125 | |[resnetblur50.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetblur50.bt_in1k)|224 |79.31|94.63|25.6 |5.2 |12.0 |2524 | |[resnet50.a1h_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.a1h_in1k)|176 |79.27|94.49|25.6 |2.6 |6.9 |5404 | |[resnext50_32x4d.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.a3_in1k)|224 |79.25|94.31|25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2931 | |[resnet50.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k)|224 |79.22|94.84|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3451 | |[resnet33ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet33ts.ra2_in1k)|256 |79.21|94.56|19.7 |4.8 |11.7 |3392 | |[resnet50d.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50d.gluon_in1k)|224 |79.07|94.48|25.6 |4.4 |11.9 |3162 | |[resnet50.ram_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.ram_in1k)|224 |79.03|94.38|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3453 | |[resnet50.am_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.am_in1k)|224 |79.01|94.39|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3461 | |[resnet32ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet32ts.ra2_in1k)|256 |79.01|94.37|18.0 |4.6 |11.6 |3440 | |[ecaresnet26t.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet26t.ra2_in1k)|256 |78.9 |94.54|16.0 |3.4 |10.5 |3421 | |[resnet152.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.a3_in1k)|160 |78.89|94.11|60.2 |5.9 |11.5 |2745 | |[wide_resnet101_2.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/wide_resnet101_2.tv_in1k)|224 |78.84|94.28|126.9 |22.8 |21.2 |1079 | |[seresnext26d_32x4d.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext26d_32x4d.bt_in1k)|288 |78.83|94.24|16.8 |4.5 |16.8 |2251 | |[resnet50.ra_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.ra_in1k)|224 |78.81|94.32|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3454 | |[seresnext26t_32x4d.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext26t_32x4d.bt_in1k)|288 |78.74|94.33|16.8 |4.5 |16.7 |2264 | |[resnet50s.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50s.gluon_in1k)|224 |78.72|94.23|25.7 |5.5 |13.5 |2796 | |[resnet50d.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50d.a3_in1k)|224 |78.71|94.24|25.6 |4.4 |11.9 |3154 | |[wide_resnet50_2.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/wide_resnet50_2.tv_in1k)|224 |78.47|94.09|68.9 |11.4 |14.4 |1934 | |[resnet50.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.bt_in1k)|224 |78.46|94.27|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3454 | |[resnet34d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34d.ra2_in1k)|288 |78.43|94.35|21.8 |6.5 |7.5 |3291 | |[gcresnext26ts.ch_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/gcresnext26ts.ch_in1k)|288 |78.42|94.04|10.5 |3.1 |13.3 |3226 | |[resnet26t.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet26t.ra2_in1k)|320 |78.33|94.13|16.0 |5.2 |16.4 |2391 | |[resnet152.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet152.tv_in1k)|224 |78.32|94.04|60.2 |11.6 |22.6 |1487 | |[seresnext26ts.ch_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext26ts.ch_in1k)|288 |78.28|94.1 |10.4 |3.1 |13.3 |3062 | |[bat_resnext26ts.ch_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/bat_resnext26ts.ch_in1k)|256 |78.25|94.1 |10.7 |2.5 |12.5 |3393 | |[resnet50.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.a3_in1k)|224 |78.06|93.78|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3450 | |[resnet50c.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50c.gluon_in1k)|224 |78.0 |93.99|25.6 |4.4 |11.9 |3286 | |[eca_resnext26ts.ch_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/eca_resnext26ts.ch_in1k)|288 |78.0 |93.91|10.3 |3.1 |13.3 |3297 | |[seresnext26t_32x4d.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext26t_32x4d.bt_in1k)|224 |77.98|93.75|16.8 |2.7 |10.1 |3841 | |[resnet34.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.a1_in1k)|288 |77.92|93.77|21.8 |6.1 |6.2 |3609 | |[resnet101.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.a3_in1k)|160 |77.88|93.71|44.6 |4.0 |8.3 |3926 | |[resnet26t.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet26t.ra2_in1k)|256 |77.87|93.84|16.0 |3.4 |10.5 |3772 | |[seresnext26ts.ch_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext26ts.ch_in1k)|256 |77.86|93.79|10.4 |2.4 |10.5 |4263 | |[resnetrs50.tf_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnetrs50.tf_in1k)|160 |77.82|93.81|35.7 |2.3 |6.2 |5238 | |[gcresnext26ts.ch_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/gcresnext26ts.ch_in1k)|256 |77.81|93.82|10.5 |2.4 |10.5 |4183 | |[ecaresnet50t.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/ecaresnet50t.a3_in1k)|160 |77.79|93.6 |25.6 |2.2 |6.0 |5329 | |[resnext50_32x4d.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.a3_in1k)|160 |77.73|93.32|25.0 |2.2 |7.4 |5576 | |[resnext50_32x4d.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext50_32x4d.tv_in1k)|224 |77.61|93.7 |25.0 |4.3 |14.4 |2944 | |[seresnext26d_32x4d.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnext26d_32x4d.bt_in1k)|224 |77.59|93.61|16.8 |2.7 |10.2 |3807 | |[resnet50.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.gluon_in1k)|224 |77.58|93.72|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3455 | |[eca_resnext26ts.ch_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/eca_resnext26ts.ch_in1k)|256 |77.44|93.56|10.3 |2.4 |10.5 |4284 | |[resnet26d.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet26d.bt_in1k)|288 |77.41|93.63|16.0 |4.3 |13.5 |2907 | |[resnet101.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet101.tv_in1k)|224 |77.38|93.54|44.6 |7.8 |16.2 |2125 | |[resnet50d.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50d.a3_in1k)|160 |77.22|93.27|25.6 |2.2 |6.1 |5982 | |[resnext26ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext26ts.ra2_in1k)|288 |77.17|93.47|10.3 |3.1 |13.3 |3392 | |[resnet34.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.a2_in1k)|288 |77.15|93.27|21.8 |6.1 |6.2 |3615 | |[resnet34d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34d.ra2_in1k)|224 |77.1 |93.37|21.8 |3.9 |4.5 |5436 | |[seresnet50.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet50.a3_in1k)|224 |77.02|93.07|28.1 |4.1 |11.1 |2952 | |[resnext26ts.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnext26ts.ra2_in1k)|256 |76.78|93.13|10.3 |2.4 |10.5 |4410 | |[resnet26d.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet26d.bt_in1k)|224 |76.7 |93.17|16.0 |2.6 |8.2 |4859 | |[resnet34.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.bt_in1k)|288 |76.5 |93.35|21.8 |6.1 |6.2 |3617 | |[resnet34.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.a1_in1k)|224 |76.42|92.87|21.8 |3.7 |3.7 |5984 | |[resnet26.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet26.bt_in1k)|288 |76.35|93.18|16.0 |3.9 |12.2 |3331 | |[resnet50.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.tv_in1k)|224 |76.13|92.86|25.6 |4.1 |11.1 |3457 | |[resnet50.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet50.a3_in1k)|160 |75.96|92.5 |25.6 |2.1 |5.7 |6490 | |[resnet34.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.a2_in1k)|224 |75.52|92.44|21.8 |3.7 |3.7 |5991 | |[resnet26.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet26.bt_in1k)|224 |75.3 |92.58|16.0 |2.4 |7.4 |5583 | |[resnet34.bt_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.bt_in1k)|224 |75.16|92.18|21.8 |3.7 |3.7 |5994 | |[seresnet50.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/seresnet50.a3_in1k)|160 |75.1 |92.08|28.1 |2.1 |5.7 |5513 | |[resnet34.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.gluon_in1k)|224 |74.57|91.98|21.8 |3.7 |3.7 |5984 | |[resnet18d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18d.ra2_in1k)|288 |73.81|91.83|11.7 |3.4 |5.4 |5196 | |[resnet34.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.tv_in1k)|224 |73.32|91.42|21.8 |3.7 |3.7 |5979 | |[resnet18.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.fb_swsl_ig1b_ft_in1k)|224 |73.28|91.73|11.7 |1.8 |2.5 |10213 | |[resnet18.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.a1_in1k)|288 |73.16|91.03|11.7 |3.0 |4.1 |6050 | |[resnet34.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.a3_in1k)|224 |72.98|91.11|21.8 |3.7 |3.7 |5967 | |[resnet18.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.fb_ssl_yfcc100m_ft_in1k)|224 |72.6 |91.42|11.7 |1.8 |2.5 |10213 | |[resnet18.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.a2_in1k)|288 |72.37|90.59|11.7 |3.0 |4.1 |6051 | |[resnet14t.c3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet14t.c3_in1k)|224 |72.26|90.31|10.1 |1.7 |5.8 |7026 | |[resnet18d.ra2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18d.ra2_in1k)|224 |72.26|90.68|11.7 |2.1 |3.3 |8707 | |[resnet18.a1_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.a1_in1k)|224 |71.49|90.07|11.7 |1.8 |2.5 |10187 | |[resnet14t.c3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet14t.c3_in1k)|176 |71.31|89.69|10.1 |1.1 |3.6 |10970 | |[resnet18.gluon_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.gluon_in1k)|224 |70.84|89.76|11.7 |1.8 |2.5 |10210 | |[resnet18.a2_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.a2_in1k)|224 |70.64|89.47|11.7 |1.8 |2.5 |10194 | |[resnet34.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet34.a3_in1k)|160 |70.56|89.52|21.8 |1.9 |1.9 |10737 | |[resnet18.tv_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.tv_in1k)|224 |69.76|89.07|11.7 |1.8 |2.5 |10205 | |[resnet10t.c3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet10t.c3_in1k)|224 |68.34|88.03|5.4 |1.1 |2.4 |13079 | |[resnet18.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.a3_in1k)|224 |68.25|88.17|11.7 |1.8 |2.5 |10167 | |[resnet10t.c3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet10t.c3_in1k)|176 |66.71|86.96|5.4 |0.7 |1.5 |20327 | |[resnet18.a3_in1k](https://huggingface.co/timm/resnet18.a3_in1k)|160 |65.66|86.26|11.7 |0.9 |1.3 |18229 | ## Citation ```bibtex @inproceedings{wightman2021resnet, title={ResNet strikes back: An improved training procedure in timm}, author={Wightman, Ross and Touvron, Hugo and Jegou, Herve}, booktitle={NeurIPS 2021 Workshop on ImageNet: Past, Present, and Future} } ``` ```bibtex @misc{rw2019timm, author = {Ross Wightman}, title = {PyTorch Image Models}, year = {2019}, publisher = {GitHub}, journal = {GitHub repository}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4414861}, howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-image-models}} } ``` ```bibtex @article{He2015, author = {Kaiming He and Xiangyu Zhang and Shaoqing Ren and Jian Sun}, title = {Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.03385}, year = {2015} } ```

sentence-transformers/bert-base-nli-mean-tokens

sentence-transformers

sentence-transformers

sentence-similarity

--- license: apache-2.0 library_name: sentence-transformers tags: - sentence-transformers - feature-extraction - sentence-similarity - transformers pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity --- **⚠️ This model is deprecated. Please don't use it as it produces sentence embeddings of low quality. You can find recommended sentence embedding models here: [SBERT.net - Pretrained Models](https://www.sbert.net/docs/pretrained_models.html)** # sentence-transformers/bert-base-nli-mean-tokens This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search. ## Usage (Sentence-Transformers) Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed: ``` pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can use the model like this: ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer sentences = ["This is an example sentence", "Each sentence is converted"] model = SentenceTransformer('sentence-transformers/bert-base-nli-mean-tokens') embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(embeddings) ``` ## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers) Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel import torch #Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask): token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float() return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9) # Sentences we want sentence embeddings for sentences = ['This is an example sentence', 'Each sentence is converted'] # Load model from HuggingFace Hub tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/bert-base-nli-mean-tokens') model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/bert-base-nli-mean-tokens') # Tokenize sentences encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') # Compute token embeddings with torch.no_grad(): model_output = model(**encoded_input) # Perform pooling. In this case, max pooling. sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask']) print("Sentence embeddings:") print(sentence_embeddings) ``` ## Evaluation Results For an automated evaluation of this model, see the *Sentence Embeddings Benchmark*: [https://seb.sbert.net](https://seb.sbert.net?model_name=sentence-transformers/bert-base-nli-mean-tokens) ## Full Model Architecture ``` SentenceTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False}) ) ``` ## Citing & Authors This model was trained by [sentence-transformers](https://www.sbert.net/). If you find this model helpful, feel free to cite our publication [Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084): ```bibtex @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = "11", year = "2019", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", } ```

nesaorg/fc_8

nesaorg

--- tags: - model_hub_mixin - pytorch_model_hub_mixin --- This model has been pushed to the Hub using the [PytorchModelHubMixin](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/package_reference/mixins#huggingface_hub.PyTorchModelHubMixin) integration: - Library: [More Information Needed] - Docs: [More Information Needed]

google/flan-t5-base

google

transformers

text2text-generation

--- language: - en - fr - ro - de - multilingual tags: - text2text-generation widget: - text: "Translate to German: My name is Arthur" example_title: "Translation" - text: "Please answer to the following question. Who is going to be the next Ballon d'or?" example_title: "Question Answering" - text: "Q: Can Geoffrey Hinton have a conversation with George Washington? Give the rationale before answering." example_title: "Logical reasoning" - text: "Please answer the following question. What is the boiling point of Nitrogen?" example_title: "Scientific knowledge" - text: "Answer the following yes/no question. Can you write a whole Haiku in a single tweet?" example_title: "Yes/no question" - text: "Answer the following yes/no question by reasoning step-by-step. Can you write a whole Haiku in a single tweet?" example_title: "Reasoning task" - text: "Q: ( False or not False or False ) is? A: Let's think step by step" example_title: "Boolean Expressions" - text: "The square root of x is the cube root of y. What is y to the power of 2, if x = 4?" example_title: "Math reasoning" - text: "Premise: At my age you will probably have learnt one lesson. Hypothesis: It's not certain how many lessons you'll learn by your thirties. Does the premise entail the hypothesis?" example_title: "Premise and hypothesis" datasets: - svakulenk0/qrecc - taskmaster2 - djaym7/wiki_dialog - deepmind/code_contests - lambada - gsm8k - aqua_rat - esnli - quasc - qed license: apache-2.0 --- # Model Card for FLAN-T5 base <img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/transformers/model_doc/flan2_architecture.jpg" alt="drawing" width="600"/> # Table of Contents 0. [TL;DR](#TL;DR) 1. [Model Details](#model-details) 2. [Usage](#usage) 3. [Uses](#uses) 4. [Bias, Risks, and Limitations](#bias-risks-and-limitations) 5. [Training Details](#training-details) 6. [Evaluation](#evaluation) 7. [Environmental Impact](#environmental-impact) 8. [Citation](#citation) 9. [Model Card Authors](#model-card-authors) # TL;DR If you already know T5, FLAN-T5 is just better at everything. For the same number of parameters, these models have been fine-tuned on more than 1000 additional tasks covering also more languages. As mentioned in the first few lines of the abstract : > Flan-PaLM 540B achieves state-of-the-art performance on several benchmarks, such as 75.2% on five-shot MMLU. We also publicly release Flan-T5 checkpoints,1 which achieve strong few-shot performance even compared to much larger models, such as PaLM 62B. Overall, instruction finetuning is a general method for improving the performance and usability of pretrained language models. **Disclaimer**: Content from **this** model card has been written by the Hugging Face team, and parts of it were copy pasted from the [T5 model card](https://huggingface.co/t5-large). # Model Details ## Model Description - **Model type:** Language model - **Language(s) (NLP):** English, Spanish, Japanese, Persian, Hindi, French, Chinese, Bengali, Gujarati, German, Telugu, Italian, Arabic, Polish, Tamil, Marathi, Malayalam, Oriya, Panjabi, Portuguese, Urdu, Galician, Hebrew, Korean, Catalan, Thai, Dutch, Indonesian, Vietnamese, Bulgarian, Filipino, Central Khmer, Lao, Turkish, Russian, Croatian, Swedish, Yoruba, Kurdish, Burmese, Malay, Czech, Finnish, Somali, Tagalog, Swahili, Sinhala, Kannada, Zhuang, Igbo, Xhosa, Romanian, Haitian, Estonian, Slovak, Lithuanian, Greek, Nepali, Assamese, Norwegian - **License:** Apache 2.0 - **Related Models:** [All FLAN-T5 Checkpoints](https://huggingface.co/models?search=flan-t5) - **Original Checkpoints:** [All Original FLAN-T5 Checkpoints](https://github.com/google-research/t5x/blob/main/docs/models.md#flan-t5-checkpoints) - **Resources for more information:** - [Research paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.11416.pdf) - [GitHub Repo](https://github.com/google-research/t5x) - [Hugging Face FLAN-T5 Docs (Similar to T5) ](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/t5) # Usage Find below some example scripts on how to use the model in `transformers`: ## Using the Pytorch model ### Running the model on a CPU <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python from transformers import T5Tokenizer, T5ForConditionalGeneration tokenizer = T5Tokenizer.from_pretrained("google/flan-t5-base") model = T5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("google/flan-t5-base") input_text = "translate English to German: How old are you?" input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids outputs = model.generate(input_ids) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])) ``` </details> ### Running the model on a GPU <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python # pip install accelerate from transformers import T5Tokenizer, T5ForConditionalGeneration tokenizer = T5Tokenizer.from_pretrained("google/flan-t5-base") model = T5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("google/flan-t5-base", device_map="auto") input_text = "translate English to German: How old are you?" input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids.to("cuda") outputs = model.generate(input_ids) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])) ``` </details> ### Running the model on a GPU using different precisions #### FP16 <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python # pip install accelerate import torch from transformers import T5Tokenizer, T5ForConditionalGeneration tokenizer = T5Tokenizer.from_pretrained("google/flan-t5-base") model = T5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("google/flan-t5-base", device_map="auto", torch_dtype=torch.float16) input_text = "translate English to German: How old are you?" input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids.to("cuda") outputs = model.generate(input_ids) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])) ``` </details> #### INT8 <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python # pip install bitsandbytes accelerate from transformers import T5Tokenizer, T5ForConditionalGeneration tokenizer = T5Tokenizer.from_pretrained("google/flan-t5-base") model = T5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("google/flan-t5-base", device_map="auto", load_in_8bit=True) input_text = "translate English to German: How old are you?" input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids.to("cuda") outputs = model.generate(input_ids) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])) ``` </details> # Uses ## Direct Use and Downstream Use The authors write in [the original paper's model card](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.11416.pdf) that: > The primary use is research on language models, including: research on zero-shot NLP tasks and in-context few-shot learning NLP tasks, such as reasoning, and question answering; advancing fairness and safety research, and understanding limitations of current large language models See the [research paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.11416.pdf) for further details. ## Out-of-Scope Use More information needed. # Bias, Risks, and Limitations The information below in this section are copied from the model's [official model card](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.11416.pdf): > Language models, including Flan-T5, can potentially be used for language generation in a harmful way, according to Rae et al. (2021). Flan-T5 should not be used directly in any application, without a prior assessment of safety and fairness concerns specific to the application. ## Ethical considerations and risks > Flan-T5 is fine-tuned on a large corpus of text data that was not filtered for explicit content or assessed for existing biases. As a result the model itself is potentially vulnerable to generating equivalently inappropriate content or replicating inherent biases in the underlying data. ## Known Limitations > Flan-T5 has not been tested in real world applications. ## Sensitive Use: > Flan-T5 should not be applied for any unacceptable use cases, e.g., generation of abusive speech. # Training Details ## Training Data The model was trained on a mixture of tasks, that includes the tasks described in the table below (from the original paper, figure 2):  ## Training Procedure According to the model card from the [original paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.11416.pdf): > These models are based on pretrained T5 (Raffel et al., 2020) and fine-tuned with instructions for better zero-shot and few-shot performance. There is one fine-tuned Flan model per T5 model size. The model has been trained on TPU v3 or TPU v4 pods, using [`t5x`](https://github.com/google-research/t5x) codebase together with [`jax`](https://github.com/google/jax). # Evaluation ## Testing Data, Factors & Metrics The authors evaluated the model on various tasks covering several languages (1836 in total). See the table below for some quantitative evaluation:  For full details, please check the [research paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.11416.pdf). ## Results For full results for FLAN-T5-Base, see the [research paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.11416.pdf), Table 3. # Environmental Impact Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700). - **Hardware Type:** Google Cloud TPU Pods - TPU v3 or TPU v4 | Number of chips ≥ 4. - **Hours used:** More information needed - **Cloud Provider:** GCP - **Compute Region:** More information needed - **Carbon Emitted:** More information needed # Citation **BibTeX:** ```bibtex @misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2210.11416, doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.11416}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.11416}, author = {Chung, Hyung Won and Hou, Le and Longpre, Shayne and Zoph, Barret and Tay, Yi and Fedus, William and Li, Eric and Wang, Xuezhi and Dehghani, Mostafa and Brahma, Siddhartha and Webson, Albert and Gu, Shixiang Shane and Dai, Zhuyun and Suzgun, Mirac and Chen, Xinyun and Chowdhery, Aakanksha and Narang, Sharan and Mishra, Gaurav and Yu, Adams and Zhao, Vincent and Huang, Yanping and Dai, Andrew and Yu, Hongkun and Petrov, Slav and Chi, Ed H. and Dean, Jeff and Devlin, Jacob and Roberts, Adam and Zhou, Denny and Le, Quoc V. and Wei, Jason}, keywords = {Machine Learning (cs.LG), Computation and Language (cs.CL), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences}, title = {Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Models}, publisher = {arXiv}, year = {2022}, copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International} } ``` ## Model Recycling [Evaluation on 36 datasets](https://ibm.github.io/model-recycling/model_gain_chart?avg=9.16&mnli_lp=nan&20_newsgroup=3.34&ag_news=1.49&amazon_reviews_multi=0.21&anli=13.91&boolq=16.75&cb=23.12&cola=9.97&copa=34.50&dbpedia=6.90&esnli=5.37&financial_phrasebank=18.66&imdb=0.33&isear=1.37&mnli=11.74&mrpc=16.63&multirc=6.24&poem_sentiment=14.62&qnli=3.41&qqp=6.18&rotten_tomatoes=2.98&rte=24.26&sst2=0.67&sst_5bins=5.44&stsb=20.68&trec_coarse=3.95&trec_fine=10.73&tweet_ev_emoji=13.39&tweet_ev_emotion=4.62&tweet_ev_hate=3.46&tweet_ev_irony=9.04&tweet_ev_offensive=1.69&tweet_ev_sentiment=0.75&wic=14.22&wnli=9.44&wsc=5.53&yahoo_answers=4.14&model_name=google%2Fflan-t5-base&base_name=google%2Ft5-v1_1-base) using google/flan-t5-base as a base model yields average score of 77.98 in comparison to 68.82 by google/t5-v1_1-base. The model is ranked 1st among all tested models for the google/t5-v1_1-base architecture as of 06/02/2023 Results: | 20_newsgroup | ag_news | amazon_reviews_multi | anli | boolq | cb | cola | copa | dbpedia | esnli | financial_phrasebank | imdb | isear | mnli | mrpc | multirc | poem_sentiment | qnli | qqp | rotten_tomatoes | rte | sst2 | sst_5bins | stsb | trec_coarse | trec_fine | tweet_ev_emoji | tweet_ev_emotion | tweet_ev_hate | tweet_ev_irony | tweet_ev_offensive | tweet_ev_sentiment | wic | wnli | wsc | yahoo_answers | |---------------:|----------:|-----------------------:|--------:|--------:|--------:|--------:|-------:|----------:|--------:|-----------------------:|-------:|--------:|--------:|--------:|----------:|-----------------:|--------:|--------:|------------------:|--------:|--------:|------------:|--------:|--------------:|------------:|-----------------:|-------------------:|----------------:|-----------------:|---------------------:|---------------------:|--------:|-------:|--------:|----------------:| | 86.2188 | 89.6667 | 67.12 | 51.9688 | 82.3242 | 78.5714 | 80.1534 | 75 | 77.6667 | 90.9507 | 85.4 | 93.324 | 72.425 | 87.2457 | 89.4608 | 62.3762 | 82.6923 | 92.7878 | 89.7724 | 89.0244 | 84.8375 | 94.3807 | 57.2851 | 89.4759 | 97.2 | 92.8 | 46.848 | 80.2252 | 54.9832 | 76.6582 | 84.3023 | 70.6366 | 70.0627 | 56.338 | 53.8462 | 73.4 | For more information, see: [Model Recycling](https://ibm.github.io/model-recycling/)

nvidia/speakerverification_en_titanet_large

nvidia

nemo

--- language: - en library_name: nemo datasets: - VOXCELEB-1 - VOXCELEB-2 - FISHER - switchboard - librispeech_asr - SRE thumbnail: null tags: - speaker - speech - audio - speaker-verification - speaker-recognition - speaker-diarization - titanet - NeMo - pytorch license: cc-by-4.0 widget: - src: https://huggingface.co/nvidia/speakerverification_en_titanet_large/resolve/main/an255-fash-b.wav example_title: Speech sample 1 - src: https://huggingface.co/nvidia/speakerverification_en_titanet_large/resolve/main/cen7-fash-b.wav example_title: Speech sample 2 model-index: - name: speakerverification_en_titanet_large results: - task: name: Speaker Verification type: speaker-verification dataset: name: voxceleb1 type: voxceleb1-O config: clean split: test args: language: en metrics: - name: Test EER type: eer value: 0.66 - task: type: Speaker Diarization name: speaker-diarization dataset: name: ami-mixheadset type: ami_diarization config: oracle-vad-known-number-of-speakers split: test args: language: en metrics: - name: Test DER type: der value: 1.73 - task: type: Speaker Diarization name: speaker-diarization dataset: name: ami-lapel type: ami_diarization config: oracle-vad-known-number-of-speakers split: test args: language: en metrics: - name: Test DER type: der value: 2.03 - task: type: Speaker Diarization name: speaker-diarization dataset: name: ch109 type: callhome_diarization config: oracle-vad-known-number-of-speakers split: test args: language: en metrics: - name: Test DER type: der value: 1.19 - task: type: Speaker Diarization name: speaker-diarization dataset: name: nist-sre-2000 type: nist-sre_diarization config: oracle-vad-known-number-of-speakers split: test args: language: en metrics: - name: Test DER type: der value: 6.73 --- # NVIDIA TitaNet-Large (en-US) <style> img { display: inline; } </style> | [](#model-architecture) | [](#model-architecture) | [](#datasets) This model extracts speaker embeddings from given speech, which is the backbone for speaker verification and diarization tasks. It is a "large" version of TitaNet (around 23M parameters) models. See the [model architecture](#model-architecture) section and [NeMo documentation](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/nemo/user-guide/docs/en/stable/asr/speaker_recognition/models.html#titanet) for complete architecture details. ## NVIDIA NeMo: Training To train, fine-tune or play with the model you will need to install [NVIDIA NeMo](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo). We recommend you install it after you've installed the latest Pytorch version. ``` pip install nemo_toolkit['all'] ``` ## How to Use this Model The model is available for use in the NeMo toolkit [3] and can be used as a pre-trained checkpoint for inference or for fine-tuning on another dataset. ### Automatically instantiate the model ```python import nemo.collections.asr as nemo_asr speaker_model = nemo_asr.models.EncDecSpeakerLabelModel.from_pretrained("nvidia/speakerverification_en_titanet_large") ``` ### Embedding Extraction Using ```python emb = speaker_model.get_embedding("an255-fash-b.wav") ``` ### Verifying two utterances (Speaker Verification) Now to check if two audio files are from the same speaker or not, simply do: ```python speaker_model.verify_speakers("an255-fash-b.wav","cen7-fash-b.wav") ``` ### Extracting Embeddings for more audio files To extract embeddings from a bunch of audio files: Write audio files to a `manifest.json` file with lines as in format: ```json {"audio_filepath": "<absolute path to dataset>/audio_file.wav", "duration": "duration of file in sec", "label": "speaker_id"} ``` Then running following script will extract embeddings and writes to current working directory: ```shell python <NeMo_root>/examples/speaker_tasks/recognition/extract_speaker_embeddings.py --manifest=manifest.json ``` ### Input This model accepts 16000 KHz Mono-channel Audio (wav files) as input. ### Output This model provides speaker embeddings for an audio file. ## Model Architecture TitaNet model is a depth-wise separable conv1D model [1] for Speaker Verification and diarization tasks. You may find more info on the detail of this model here: [TitaNet-Model](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/nemo/user-guide/docs/en/main/asr/speaker_recognition/models.html). ## Training The NeMo toolkit [3] was used for training the models for over several hundred epochs. These model are trained with this [example script](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo/blob/main/examples/speaker_tasks/recognition/speaker_reco.py) and this [base config](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo/blob/main/examples/speaker_tasks/recognition/conf/titanet-large.yaml). ### Datasets All the models in this collection are trained on a composite dataset comprising several thousand hours of English speech: - Voxceleb-1 - Voxceleb-2 - Fisher - Switchboard - Librispeech - SRE (2004-2010) ## Performance Performances of the these models are reported in terms of Equal Error Rate (EER%) on speaker verification evaluation trial files and as Diarization Error Rate (DER%) on diarization test sessions. * Speaker Verification (EER%) | Version | Model | Model Size | VoxCeleb1 (Cleaned trial file) | |---------|--------------|-----|---------------| | 1.10.0 | TitaNet-Large | 23M | 0.66 | * Speaker Diarization (DER%) | Version | Model | Model Size | Evaluation Condition | NIST SRE 2000 | AMI (Lapel) | AMI (MixHeadset) | CH109 | |---------|--------------|-----|----------------------|---------------|-------------|------------------|-------| | 1.10.0 | TitaNet-Large | 23M | Oracle VAD KNOWN # of Speakers | 6.73 | 2.03 | 1.73 | 1.19 | | 1.10.0 | TitaNet-Large | 23M | Oracle VAD UNKNOWN # of Speakers | 5.38 | 2.03 | 1.89 | 1.63 | ## Limitations This model is trained on both telephonic and non-telephonic speech from voxceleb datasets, Fisher and switch board. If your domain of data differs from trained data or doesnot show relatively good performance consider finetuning for that speech domain. ## NVIDIA Riva: Deployment [NVIDIA Riva](https://developer.nvidia.com/riva), is an accelerated speech AI SDK deployable on-prem, in all clouds, multi-cloud, hybrid, on edge, and embedded. Additionally, Riva provides: * World-class out-of-the-box accuracy for the most common languages with model checkpoints trained on proprietary data with hundreds of thousands of GPU-compute hours * Best in class accuracy with run-time word boosting (e.g., brand and product names) and customization of acoustic model, language model, and inverse text normalization * Streaming speech recognition, Kubernetes compatible scaling, and enterprise-grade support Although this model isn’t supported yet by Riva, the [list of supported models is here](https://huggingface.co/models?other=Riva). Check out [Riva live demo](https://developer.nvidia.com/riva#demos). ## References [1] [TitaNet: Neural Model for Speaker Representation with 1D Depth-wise Separable convolutions and global context](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9746806) [2] [NVIDIA NeMo Toolkit](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo) ## Licence License to use this model is covered by the [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). By downloading the public and release version of the model, you accept the terms and conditions of the [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license.

datificate/gpt2-small-spanish

datificate

transformers

text-generation

--- language: es widget: - text: "La inteligencia artificial en lationoamérica se ha desarrollado " license: apache-2.0 datasets: - wikipedia --- La descripción en Español se encuentra después de la descripción en Inglés. # (English) GPT2-small-spanish: a Language Model for Spanish text generation (and more NLP tasks...) GPT2-small-spanish is a state-of-the-art language model for Spanish based on the GPT-2 small model. It was trained on Spanish Wikipedia using **Transfer Learning and Fine-tuning techniques**. The training took around 70 hours with four GPU NVIDIA GTX 1080-Ti with 11GB of DDR5 and with around 3GB of (processed) training data. It was fine-tuned from the [English pre-trained GPT-2 small](https://huggingface.co/gpt2) using the Hugging Face libraries (Transformers and Tokenizers) wrapped into the [fastai v2](https://dev.fast.ai/) Deep Learning framework. All the fine-tuning fastai v2 techniques were used. The training is purely based on the [GPorTuguese-2](https://huggingface.co/pierreguillou/gpt2-small-portuguese) model developed by Pierre Guillou. The training details are in this article: "[Faster than training from scratch — Fine-tuning the English GPT-2 in any language with Hugging Face and fastai v2 (practical case with Portuguese)](https://medium.com/@pierre_guillou/faster-than-training-from-scratch-fine-tuning-the-english-gpt-2-in-any-language-with-hugging-f2ec05c98787)". This preliminary version is now available on Hugging Face. ## Limitations and bias (Copied from original GPorTuguese-2 model)The training data used for this model come from Spanish Wikipedia. We know it contains a lot of unfiltered content from the internet, which is far from neutral. As the openAI team themselves point out in their model card: > Because large-scale language models like GPT-2 do not distinguish fact from fiction, we don’t support use-cases that require the generated text to be true. Additionally, language models like GPT-2 reflect the biases inherent to the systems they were trained on, so we do not recommend that they be deployed into systems that interact with humans > unless the deployers first carry out a study of biases relevant to the intended use-case. We found no statistically significant difference in gender, race, and religious bias probes between 774M and 1.5B, implying all versions of GPT-2 should be approached with similar levels of caution around use cases that are sensitive to biases around human attributes. ## Authors The model was trained and evaluated by [Josué Obregon](https://www.linkedin.com/in/josue-obregon/) and [Berny Carrera](https://www.linkedin.com/in/bernycarrera/), founders of [Datificate](https://datificate.com), a space for learning Machine Learning in Spanish. The training was possible thanks to the computing power of several GPUs (GPU NVIDIA GTX1080-Ti) of the [IAI Lab](http://iai.khu.ac.kr/) (Kyung Hee University) from which Josué is attached as a Postdoctoral Researcher in Industrial Artificial Intelligence. As stated before, this work is mainly based in the work of [Pierre GUILLOU](https://www.linkedin.com/in/pierreguillou/). # (Español) GPT2-small-spanish: un modelo de lenguaje para generación de texto en Español (y algunas otras tareas de NLP...) GPT2-small-spanish es un modelo de lenguaje de vanguardia en Español basado en el modelo pequeño GPT-2. Fué entrenado con la Wikipedia en Español usando **técnicas de Aprendizaje por Transferencia y afinación de modelos**. El entrenamiento del modelo tomó alrededor 70 horas con cuatro GPUs NVIDIA GTX 1080-Ti con 11GB de DDR5 y con aproximadamente 3GB de datos de entrenamiento preprocesados. Fue afinado del modelo en Inglés [English pre-trained GPT-2 small](https://huggingface.co/gpt2) utilizando las librerías de Hugging Face (Transformers y Tokenizers) integradas con el framework de Deep Learning [fastai v2](https://dev.fast.ai/). Se usaron técnicas de afinamiento fino de fastai v2. El entrenamiento está enteramente basado en el modelo en Portugués [GPorTuguese-2](https://huggingface.co/pierreguillou/gpt2-small-portuguese) desarrollado por Pierre Guillou. Los detalles del entrenamiento se encuentran en este articulo: "[Faster than training from scratch — Fine-tuning the English GPT-2 in any language with Hugging Face and fastai v2 (practical case with Portuguese)](https://medium.com/@pierre_guillou/faster-than-training-from-scratch-fine-tuning-the-english-gpt-2-in-any-language-with-hugging-f2ec05c98787)". La versión preliminar del modelo se encuentra en Hugging Face. ## Limitaciones y sesgos (Copiado del modelo original GPorTuguese-2 model)Los datos de entrenamiento provienen de la Wikipedia en Español. Se sabe que contiene bastante contenido no filtrado del internet, lo cual está lejos de ser neutral. Esto es señalado por el equipo desarrollador de openAI en su propia tarjeta de modelo: > Because large-scale language models like GPT-2 do not distinguish fact from fiction, we don’t support use-cases that require the generated text to be true. Additionally, language models like GPT-2 reflect the biases inherent to the systems they were trained on, so we do not recommend that they be deployed into systems that interact with humans > unless the deployers first carry out a study of biases relevant to the intended use-case. We found no statistically significant difference in gender, race, and religious bias probes between 774M and 1.5B, implying all versions of GPT-2 should be approached with similar levels of caution around use cases that are sensitive to biases around human attributes. ## Autores El modelo fue entreando y evaluado por [Josué Obregon](https://www.linkedin.com/in/josue-obregon/) y [Berny Carrera](https://www.linkedin.com/in/bernycarrera/), fundadores de [Datificate](https://datificate.com), un espacio para aprender Machine Learning en Español. El entrenamiento fue posible gracias al poder computacional de varias GPUs (GPU NVIDIA GTX1080-Ti) del Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Industrial [IAI Lab](http://iai.khu.ac.kr/) (Universidad de Kyung Hee) al cual Josué pertenece como investigador postdoctoral en Inteligencia Artificial Industrial. Como fue mencionado anteriormente, este trabajo está basado en el trabajo de [Pierre GUILLOU](https://www.linkedin.com/in/pierreguillou/).

intfloat/multilingual-e5-large

intfloat

sentence-transformers

feature-extraction

--- tags: - mteb - Sentence Transformers - sentence-similarity - feature-extraction - sentence-transformers model-index: - name: multilingual-e5-large results: - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 79.05970149253731 - type: ap value: 43.486574390835635 - type: f1 value: 73.32700092140148 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (de) config: de split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 71.22055674518201 - type: ap value: 81.55756710830498 - type: f1 value: 69.28271787752661 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (en-ext) config: en-ext split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 80.41979010494754 - type: ap value: 29.34879922376344 - type: f1 value: 67.62475449011278 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (ja) config: ja split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 77.8372591006424 - type: ap value: 26.557560591210738 - type: f1 value: 64.96619417368707 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_polarity name: MTEB AmazonPolarityClassification config: default split: test revision: e2d317d38cd51312af73b3d32a06d1a08b442046 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 93.489875 - type: ap value: 90.98758636917603 - type: f1 value: 93.48554819717332 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 47.564 - type: f1 value: 46.75122173518047 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (de) config: de split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 45.400000000000006 - type: f1 value: 44.17195682400632 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (es) config: es split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 43.068 - type: f1 value: 42.38155696855596 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (fr) config: fr split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 41.89 - type: f1 value: 40.84407321682663 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (ja) config: ja split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 40.120000000000005 - type: f1 value: 39.522976223819114 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (zh) config: zh split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 38.832 - type: f1 value: 38.0392533394713 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: arguana name: MTEB ArguAna config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 30.725 - type: map_at_10 value: 46.055 - type: map_at_100 value: 46.900999999999996 - type: map_at_1000 value: 46.911 - type: map_at_3 value: 41.548 - type: map_at_5 value: 44.297 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 31.152 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 46.231 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 47.07 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 47.08 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 41.738 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 44.468999999999994 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 30.725 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 54.379999999999995 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 58.138 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 58.389 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 45.156 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 50.123 - type: precision_at_1 value: 30.725 - type: precision_at_10 value: 8.087 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.9769999999999999 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.1 - type: precision_at_3 value: 18.54 - type: precision_at_5 value: 13.542000000000002 - type: recall_at_1 value: 30.725 - type: recall_at_10 value: 80.868 - type: recall_at_100 value: 97.653 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 99.57300000000001 - type: recall_at_3 value: 55.619 - type: recall_at_5 value: 67.71000000000001 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/arxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB ArxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: a122ad7f3f0291bf49cc6f4d32aa80929df69d5d metrics: - type: v_measure value: 44.30960650674069 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/arxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB ArxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: f910caf1a6075f7329cdf8c1a6135696f37dbd53 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 38.427074197498996 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/askubuntudupquestions-reranking name: MTEB AskUbuntuDupQuestions config: default split: test revision: 2000358ca161889fa9c082cb41daa8dcfb161a54 metrics: - type: map value: 60.28270056031872 - type: mrr value: 74.38332673789738 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/biosses-sts name: MTEB BIOSSES config: default split: test revision: d3fb88f8f02e40887cd149695127462bbcf29b4a metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 84.05942144105269 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 82.51212105850809 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 81.95639829909122 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 82.3717564144213 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 81.79273425468256 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 82.20066817871039 - task: type: BitextMining dataset: type: mteb/bucc-bitext-mining name: MTEB BUCC (de-en) config: de-en split: test revision: d51519689f32196a32af33b075a01d0e7c51e252 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 99.46764091858039 - type: f1 value: 99.37717466945023 - type: precision value: 99.33194154488518 - type: recall value: 99.46764091858039 - task: type: BitextMining dataset: type: mteb/bucc-bitext-mining name: MTEB BUCC (fr-en) config: fr-en split: test revision: d51519689f32196a32af33b075a01d0e7c51e252 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 98.29407880255337 - type: f1 value: 98.11248073959938 - type: precision value: 98.02443319392472 - type: recall value: 98.29407880255337 - task: type: BitextMining dataset: type: mteb/bucc-bitext-mining name: MTEB BUCC (ru-en) config: ru-en split: test revision: d51519689f32196a32af33b075a01d0e7c51e252 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 97.79009352268791 - type: f1 value: 97.5176076665512 - type: precision value: 97.38136473848286 - type: recall value: 97.79009352268791 - task: type: BitextMining dataset: type: mteb/bucc-bitext-mining name: MTEB BUCC (zh-en) config: zh-en split: test revision: d51519689f32196a32af33b075a01d0e7c51e252 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 99.26276987888363 - type: f1 value: 99.20133403545726 - type: precision value: 99.17500438827453 - type: recall value: 99.26276987888363 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/banking77 name: MTEB Banking77Classification config: default split: test revision: 0fd18e25b25c072e09e0d92ab615fda904d66300 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 84.72727272727273 - type: f1 value: 84.67672206031433 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/biorxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB BiorxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: 65b79d1d13f80053f67aca9498d9402c2d9f1f40 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 35.34220182511161 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/biorxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB BiorxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: 258694dd0231531bc1fd9de6ceb52a0853c6d908 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 33.4987096128766 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 25.558249999999997 - type: map_at_10 value: 34.44425000000001 - type: map_at_100 value: 35.59833333333333 - type: map_at_1000 value: 35.706916666666665 - type: map_at_3 value: 31.691749999999995 - type: map_at_5 value: 33.252916666666664 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 30.252666666666666 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 38.60675 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 39.42666666666666 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 39.48408333333334 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 36.17441666666665 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 37.56275 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 30.252666666666666 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 39.683 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 44.68541666666667 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 46.94316666666668 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 34.961749999999995 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 37.215666666666664 - type: precision_at_1 value: 30.252666666666666 - type: precision_at_10 value: 6.904166666666667 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.0989999999999995 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.14733333333333334 - type: precision_at_3 value: 16.037666666666667 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.413583333333333 - type: recall_at_1 value: 25.558249999999997 - type: recall_at_10 value: 51.13341666666666 - type: recall_at_100 value: 73.08366666666667 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 88.79483333333334 - type: recall_at_3 value: 37.989083333333326 - type: recall_at_5 value: 43.787833333333325 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: climate-fever name: MTEB ClimateFEVER config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 10.338 - type: map_at_10 value: 18.360000000000003 - type: map_at_100 value: 19.942 - type: map_at_1000 value: 20.134 - type: map_at_3 value: 15.174000000000001 - type: map_at_5 value: 16.830000000000002 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 23.257 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 33.768 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 34.707 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 34.766000000000005 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 30.977 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 32.528 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 23.257 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 25.733 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 32.288 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 35.992000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 20.866 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 22.612 - type: precision_at_1 value: 23.257 - type: precision_at_10 value: 8.124 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.518 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.219 - type: precision_at_3 value: 15.679000000000002 - type: precision_at_5 value: 12.117 - type: recall_at_1 value: 10.338 - type: recall_at_10 value: 31.154 - type: recall_at_100 value: 54.161 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 75.21900000000001 - type: recall_at_3 value: 19.427 - type: recall_at_5 value: 24.214 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: dbpedia-entity name: MTEB DBPedia config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 8.498 - type: map_at_10 value: 19.103 - type: map_at_100 value: 27.375 - type: map_at_1000 value: 28.981 - type: map_at_3 value: 13.764999999999999 - type: map_at_5 value: 15.950000000000001 - 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type: dot_accuracy value: 88.19420188613343 - type: dot_ap value: 83.82679165901324 - type: dot_f1 value: 76.55833777304208 - type: dot_precision value: 75.6884875846501 - type: dot_recall value: 77.44841392054204 - type: euclidean_accuracy value: 89.03054294252338 - type: euclidean_ap value: 85.89089555185325 - type: euclidean_f1 value: 78.62997658079624 - type: euclidean_precision value: 74.92329149232914 - type: euclidean_recall value: 82.72251308900523 - type: manhattan_accuracy value: 89.0266620095471 - type: manhattan_ap value: 85.86458997929147 - type: manhattan_f1 value: 78.50685331000291 - type: manhattan_precision value: 74.5499861534201 - type: manhattan_recall value: 82.90729904527257 - type: max_accuracy value: 89.03054294252338 - type: max_ap value: 85.89089555185325 - type: max_f1 value: 78.62997658079624 language: - multilingual - af - am - ar - as - az - be - bg - bn - br - bs - ca - cs - cy - da - de - el - en - eo - es - et - eu - fa - fi - fr - fy - ga - gd - gl - gu - ha - he - hi - hr - hu - hy - id - is - it - ja - jv - ka - kk - km - kn - ko - ku - ky - la - lo - lt - lv - mg - mk - ml - mn - mr - ms - my - ne - nl - 'no' - om - or - pa - pl - ps - pt - ro - ru - sa - sd - si - sk - sl - so - sq - sr - su - sv - sw - ta - te - th - tl - tr - ug - uk - ur - uz - vi - xh - yi - zh license: mit --- ## Multilingual-E5-large [Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.05672). Liang Wang, Nan Yang, Xiaolong Huang, Linjun Yang, Rangan Majumder, Furu Wei, arXiv 2024 This model has 24 layers and the embedding size is 1024. ## Usage Below is an example to encode queries and passages from the MS-MARCO passage ranking dataset. ```python import torch.nn.functional as F from torch import Tensor from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel def average_pool(last_hidden_states: Tensor, attention_mask: Tensor) -> Tensor: last_hidden = last_hidden_states.masked_fill(~attention_mask[..., None].bool(), 0.0) return last_hidden.sum(dim=1) / attention_mask.sum(dim=1)[..., None] # Each input text should start with "query: " or "passage: ", even for non-English texts. # For tasks other than retrieval, you can simply use the "query: " prefix. input_texts = ['query: how much protein should a female eat', 'query: 南瓜的家常做法', "passage: As a general guideline, the CDC's average requirement of protein for women ages 19 to 70 is 46 grams per day. But, as you can see from this chart, you'll need to increase that if you're expecting or training for a marathon. Check out the chart below to see how much protein you should be eating each day.", "passage: 1.清炒南瓜丝 原料:嫩南瓜半个 调料:葱、盐、白糖、鸡精 做法: 1、南瓜用刀薄薄的削去表面一层皮,用勺子刮去瓤 2、擦成细丝(没有擦菜板就用刀慢慢切成细丝) 3、锅烧热放油,入葱花煸出香味 4、入南瓜丝快速翻炒一分钟左右,放盐、一点白糖和鸡精调味出锅 2.香葱炒南瓜 原料:南瓜1只 调料:香葱、蒜末、橄榄油、盐 做法: 1、将南瓜去皮,切成片 2、油锅8成热后,将蒜末放入爆香 3、爆香后,将南瓜片放入,翻炒 4、在翻炒的同时,可以不时地往锅里加水,但不要太多 5、放入盐,炒匀 6、南瓜差不多软和绵了之后,就可以关火 7、撒入香葱,即可出锅"] tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('intfloat/multilingual-e5-large') model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('intfloat/multilingual-e5-large') # Tokenize the input texts batch_dict = tokenizer(input_texts, max_length=512, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') outputs = model(**batch_dict) embeddings = average_pool(outputs.last_hidden_state, batch_dict['attention_mask']) # normalize embeddings embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1) scores = (embeddings[:2] @ embeddings[2:].T) * 100 print(scores.tolist()) ``` ## Supported Languages This model is initialized from [xlm-roberta-large](https://huggingface.co/xlm-roberta-large) and continually trained on a mixture of multilingual datasets. It supports 100 languages from xlm-roberta, but low-resource languages may see performance degradation. ## Training Details **Initialization**: [xlm-roberta-large](https://huggingface.co/xlm-roberta-large) **First stage**: contrastive pre-training with weak supervision | Dataset | Weak supervision | # of text pairs | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|-----------------| | Filtered [mC4](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mc4) | (title, page content) | 1B | | [CC News](https://huggingface.co/datasets/intfloat/multilingual_cc_news) | (title, news content) | 400M | | [NLLB](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/nllb) | translation pairs | 2.4B | | [Wikipedia](https://huggingface.co/datasets/intfloat/wikipedia) | (hierarchical section title, passage) | 150M | | Filtered [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/) | (comment, response) | 800M | | [S2ORC](https://github.com/allenai/s2orc) | (title, abstract) and citation pairs | 100M | | [Stackexchange](https://stackexchange.com/) | (question, answer) | 50M | | [xP3](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigscience/xP3) | (input prompt, response) | 80M | | [Miscellaneous unsupervised SBERT data](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2) | - | 10M | **Second stage**: supervised fine-tuning | Dataset | Language | # of text pairs | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|-----------------| | [MS MARCO](https://microsoft.github.io/msmarco/) | English | 500k | | [NQ](https://github.com/facebookresearch/DPR) | English | 70k | | [Trivia QA](https://github.com/facebookresearch/DPR) | English | 60k | | [NLI from SimCSE](https://github.com/princeton-nlp/SimCSE) | English | <300k | | [ELI5](https://huggingface.co/datasets/eli5) | English | 500k | | [DuReader Retrieval](https://github.com/baidu/DuReader/tree/master/DuReader-Retrieval) | Chinese | 86k | | [KILT Fever](https://huggingface.co/datasets/kilt_tasks) | English | 70k | | [KILT HotpotQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/kilt_tasks) | English | 70k | | [SQuAD](https://huggingface.co/datasets/squad) | English | 87k | | [Quora](https://huggingface.co/datasets/quora) | English | 150k | | [Mr. TyDi](https://huggingface.co/datasets/castorini/mr-tydi) | 11 languages | 50k | | [MIRACL](https://huggingface.co/datasets/miracl/miracl) | 16 languages | 40k | For all labeled datasets, we only use its training set for fine-tuning. For other training details, please refer to our paper at [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.05672](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.05672). ## Benchmark Results on [Mr. TyDi](https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.08787) | Model | Avg MRR@10 | | ar | bn | en | fi | id | ja | ko | ru | sw | te | th | |-----------------------|------------|-------|------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |------| --- | --- | | BM25 | 33.3 | | 36.7 | 41.3 | 15.1 | 28.8 | 38.2 | 21.7 | 28.1 | 32.9 | 39.6 | 42.4 | 41.7 | | mDPR | 16.7 | | 26.0 | 25.8 | 16.2 | 11.3 | 14.6 | 18.1 | 21.9 | 18.5 | 7.3 | 10.6 | 13.5 | | BM25 + mDPR | 41.7 | | 49.1 | 53.5 | 28.4 | 36.5 | 45.5 | 35.5 | 36.2 | 42.7 | 40.5 | 42.0 | 49.2 | | | | | multilingual-e5-small | 64.4 | | 71.5 | 66.3 | 54.5 | 57.7 | 63.2 | 55.4 | 54.3 | 60.8 | 65.4 | 89.1 | 70.1 | | multilingual-e5-base | 65.9 | | 72.3 | 65.0 | 58.5 | 60.8 | 64.9 | 56.6 | 55.8 | 62.7 | 69.0 | 86.6 | 72.7 | | multilingual-e5-large | **70.5** | | 77.5 | 73.2 | 60.8 | 66.8 | 68.5 | 62.5 | 61.6 | 65.8 | 72.7 | 90.2 | 76.2 | ## MTEB Benchmark Evaluation Check out [unilm/e5](https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/tree/master/e5) to reproduce evaluation results on the [BEIR](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08663) and [MTEB benchmark](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316). ## Support for Sentence Transformers Below is an example for usage with sentence_transformers. ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer model = SentenceTransformer('intfloat/multilingual-e5-large') input_texts = [ 'query: how much protein should a female eat', 'query: 南瓜的家常做法', "passage: As a general guideline, the CDC's average requirement of protein for women ages 19 to 70 i s 46 grams per day. But, as you can see from this chart, you'll need to increase that if you're expecting or traini ng for a marathon. Check out the chart below to see how much protein you should be eating each day.", "passage: 1.清炒南瓜丝 原料:嫩南瓜半个 调料:葱、盐、白糖、鸡精 做法: 1、南瓜用刀薄薄的削去表面一层皮 ,用勺子刮去瓤 2、擦成细丝(没有擦菜板就用刀慢慢切成细丝) 3、锅烧热放油,入葱花煸出香味 4、入南瓜丝快速翻炒一分钟左右, 放盐、一点白糖和鸡精调味出锅 2.香葱炒南瓜 原料:南瓜1只 调料:香葱、蒜末、橄榄油、盐 做法: 1、将南瓜去皮,切成片 2、油 锅8成热后,将蒜末放入爆香 3、爆香后,将南瓜片放入,翻炒 4、在翻炒的同时,可以不时地往锅里加水,但不要太多 5、放入盐,炒匀 6、南瓜差不多软和绵了之后,就可以关火 7、撒入香葱,即可出锅" ] embeddings = model.encode(input_texts, normalize_embeddings=True) ``` Package requirements `pip install sentence_transformers~=2.2.2` Contributors: [michaelfeil](https://huggingface.co/michaelfeil) ## FAQ **1. Do I need to add the prefix "query: " and "passage: " to input texts?** Yes, this is how the model is trained, otherwise you will see a performance degradation. Here are some rules of thumb: - Use "query: " and "passage: " correspondingly for asymmetric tasks such as passage retrieval in open QA, ad-hoc information retrieval. - Use "query: " prefix for symmetric tasks such as semantic similarity, bitext mining, paraphrase retrieval. - Use "query: " prefix if you want to use embeddings as features, such as linear probing classification, clustering. **2. Why are my reproduced results slightly different from reported in the model card?** Different versions of `transformers` and `pytorch` could cause negligible but non-zero performance differences. **3. Why does the cosine similarity scores distribute around 0.7 to 1.0?** This is a known and expected behavior as we use a low temperature 0.01 for InfoNCE contrastive loss. For text embedding tasks like text retrieval or semantic similarity, what matters is the relative order of the scores instead of the absolute values, so this should not be an issue. ## Citation If you find our paper or models helpful, please consider cite as follows: ``` @article{wang2024multilingual, title={Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report}, author={Wang, Liang and Yang, Nan and Huang, Xiaolong and Yang, Linjun and Majumder, Rangan and Wei, Furu}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.05672}, year={2024} } ``` ## Limitations Long texts will be truncated to at most 512 tokens.

DeepFloyd/t5-v1_1-xxl

DeepFloyd

transformers

Entry not found

google-bert/bert-large-uncased

google-bert

transformers

fill-mask

--- language: en license: apache-2.0 datasets: - bookcorpus - wikipedia --- # BERT large model (uncased) Pretrained model on English language using a masked language modeling (MLM) objective. It was introduced in [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805) and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/google-research/bert). This model is uncased: it does not make a difference between english and English. Disclaimer: The team releasing BERT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. ## Model description BERT is a transformers model pretrained on a large corpus of English data in a self-supervised fashion. This means it was pretrained on the raw texts only, with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it can use lots of publicly available data) with an automatic process to generate inputs and labels from those texts. More precisely, it was pretrained with two objectives: - Masked language modeling (MLM): taking a sentence, the model randomly masks 15% of the words in the input then run the entire masked sentence through the model and has to predict the masked words. This is different from traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that usually see the words one after the other, or from autoregressive models like GPT which internally mask the future tokens. It allows the model to learn a bidirectional representation of the sentence. - Next sentence prediction (NSP): the models concatenates two masked sentences as inputs during pretraining. Sometimes they correspond to sentences that were next to each other in the original text, sometimes not. The model then has to predict if the two sentences were following each other or not. This way, the model learns an inner representation of the English language that can then be used to extract features useful for downstream tasks: if you have a dataset of labeled sentences for instance, you can train a standard classifier using the features produced by the BERT model as inputs. This model has the following configuration: - 24-layer - 1024 hidden dimension - 16 attention heads - 336M parameters. ## Intended uses & limitations You can use the raw model for either masked language modeling or next sentence prediction, but it's mostly intended to be fine-tuned on a downstream task. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?filter=bert) to look for fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you. Note that this model is primarily aimed at being fine-tuned on tasks that use the whole sentence (potentially masked) to make decisions, such as sequence classification, token classification or question answering. For tasks such as text generation you should look at model like GPT2. ### How to use You can use this model directly with a pipeline for masked language modeling: ```python >>> from transformers import pipeline >>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='bert-large-uncased') >>> unmasker("Hello I'm a [MASK] model.") [{'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a fashion model. [SEP]", 'score': 0.1886913776397705, 'token': 4827, 'token_str': 'fashion'}, {'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a professional model. [SEP]", 'score': 0.07157472521066666, 'token': 2658, 'token_str': 'professional'}, {'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a male model. [SEP]", 'score': 0.04053466394543648, 'token': 3287, 'token_str': 'male'}, {'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a role model. [SEP]", 'score': 0.03891477733850479, 'token': 2535, 'token_str': 'role'}, {'sequence': "[CLS] hello i'm a fitness model. [SEP]", 'score': 0.03038121573626995, 'token': 10516, 'token_str': 'fitness'}] ``` Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch: ```python from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertModel tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-large-uncased') model = BertModel.from_pretrained("bert-large-uncased") text = "Replace me by any text you'd like." encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt') output = model(**encoded_input) ``` and in TensorFlow: ```python from transformers import BertTokenizer, TFBertModel tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-large-uncased') model = TFBertModel.from_pretrained("bert-large-uncased") text = "Replace me by any text you'd like." encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf') output = model(encoded_input) ``` ### Limitations and bias Even if the training data used for this model could be characterized as fairly neutral, this model can have biased predictions: ```python >>> from transformers import pipeline >>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='bert-large-uncased') >>> unmasker("The man worked as a [MASK].") [{'sequence': '[CLS] the man worked as a bartender. [SEP]', 'score': 0.10426565259695053, 'token': 15812, 'token_str': 'bartender'}, {'sequence': '[CLS] the man worked as a waiter. [SEP]', 'score': 0.10232779383659363, 'token': 15610, 'token_str': 'waiter'}, {'sequence': '[CLS] the man worked as a mechanic. [SEP]', 'score': 0.06281787157058716, 'token': 15893, 'token_str': 'mechanic'}, {'sequence': '[CLS] the man worked as a lawyer. [SEP]', 'score': 0.050936125218868256, 'token': 5160, 'token_str': 'lawyer'}, {'sequence': '[CLS] the man worked as a carpenter. [SEP]', 'score': 0.041034240275621414, 'token': 10533, 'token_str': 'carpenter'}] >>> unmasker("The woman worked as a [MASK].") [{'sequence': '[CLS] the woman worked as a waitress. [SEP]', 'score': 0.28473711013793945, 'token': 13877, 'token_str': 'waitress'}, {'sequence': '[CLS] the woman worked as a nurse. [SEP]', 'score': 0.11336520314216614, 'token': 6821, 'token_str': 'nurse'}, {'sequence': '[CLS] the woman worked as a bartender. [SEP]', 'score': 0.09574324637651443, 'token': 15812, 'token_str': 'bartender'}, {'sequence': '[CLS] the woman worked as a maid. [SEP]', 'score': 0.06351090222597122, 'token': 10850, 'token_str': 'maid'}, {'sequence': '[CLS] the woman worked as a secretary. [SEP]', 'score': 0.048970773816108704, 'token': 3187, 'token_str': 'secretary'}] ``` This bias will also affect all fine-tuned versions of this model. ## Training data The BERT model was pretrained on [BookCorpus](https://yknzhu.wixsite.com/mbweb), a dataset consisting of 11,038 unpublished books and [English Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Wikipedia) (excluding lists, tables and headers). ## Training procedure ### Preprocessing The texts are lowercased and tokenized using WordPiece and a vocabulary size of 30,000. The inputs of the model are then of the form: ``` [CLS] Sentence A [SEP] Sentence B [SEP] ``` With probability 0.5, sentence A and sentence B correspond to two consecutive sentences in the original corpus and in the other cases, it's another random sentence in the corpus. Note that what is considered a sentence here is a consecutive span of text usually longer than a single sentence. The only constrain is that the result with the two "sentences" has a combined length of less than 512 tokens. The details of the masking procedure for each sentence are the following: - 15% of the tokens are masked. - In 80% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by `[MASK]`. - In 10% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by a random token (different) from the one they replace. - In the 10% remaining cases, the masked tokens are left as is. ### Pretraining The model was trained on 4 cloud TPUs in Pod configuration (16 TPU chips total) for one million steps with a batch size of 256. The sequence length was limited to 128 tokens for 90% of the steps and 512 for the remaining 10%. The optimizer used is Adam with a learning rate of 1e-4, \\(\beta_{1} = 0.9\\) and \\(\beta_{2} = 0.999\\), a weight decay of 0.01, learning rate warmup for 10,000 steps and linear decay of the learning rate after. ## Evaluation results When fine-tuned on downstream tasks, this model achieves the following results: Model | SQUAD 1.1 F1/EM | Multi NLI Accuracy ---------------------------------------- | :-------------: | :----------------: BERT-Large, Uncased (Original) | 91.0/84.3 | 86.05 ### BibTeX entry and citation info ```bibtex @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1810-04805, author = {Jacob Devlin and Ming{-}Wei Chang and Kenton Lee and Kristina Toutanova}, title = {{BERT:} Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1810.04805}, year = {2018}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, eprint = {1810.04805}, timestamp = {Tue, 30 Oct 2018 20:39:56 +0100}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1810-04805.bib}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org} } ```

microsoft/layoutlm-base-uncased

microsoft

transformers

--- language: en license: mit --- # LayoutLM **Multimodal (text + layout/format + image) pre-training for document AI** [Microsoft Document AI](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/document-ai/) | [GitHub](https://aka.ms/layoutlm) ## Model description LayoutLM is a simple but effective pre-training method of text and layout for document image understanding and information extraction tasks, such as form understanding and receipt understanding. LayoutLM archives the SOTA results on multiple datasets. For more details, please refer to our paper: [LayoutLM: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Document Image Understanding](https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.13318) Yiheng Xu, Minghao Li, Lei Cui, Shaohan Huang, Furu Wei, Ming Zhou, [KDD 2020](https://www.kdd.org/kdd2020/accepted-papers) ## Training data We pre-train LayoutLM on IIT-CDIP Test Collection 1.0\* dataset with two settings. * LayoutLM-Base, Uncased (11M documents, 2 epochs): 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 113M parameters **(This Model)** * LayoutLM-Large, Uncased (11M documents, 2 epochs): 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 343M parameters ## Citation If you find LayoutLM useful in your research, please cite the following paper: ``` latex @misc{xu2019layoutlm, title={LayoutLM: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Document Image Understanding}, author={Yiheng Xu and Minghao Li and Lei Cui and Shaohan Huang and Furu Wei and Ming Zhou}, year={2019}, eprint={1912.13318}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ```

ProsusAI/finbert

ProsusAI

transformers

text-classification

--- language: "en" tags: - financial-sentiment-analysis - sentiment-analysis widget: - text: "Stocks rallied and the British pound gained." --- FinBERT is a pre-trained NLP model to analyze sentiment of financial text. It is built by further training the BERT language model in the finance domain, using a large financial corpus and thereby fine-tuning it for financial sentiment classification. [Financial PhraseBank](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251231107_Good_Debt_or_Bad_Debt_Detecting_Semantic_Orientations_in_Economic_Texts) by Malo et al. (2014) is used for fine-tuning. For more details, please see the paper [FinBERT: Financial Sentiment Analysis with Pre-trained Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10063) and our related [blog post](https://medium.com/prosus-ai-tech-blog/finbert-financial-sentiment-analysis-with-bert-b277a3607101) on Medium. The model will give softmax outputs for three labels: positive, negative or neutral. --- About Prosus Prosus is a global consumer internet group and one of the largest technology investors in the world. Operating and investing globally in markets with long-term growth potential, Prosus builds leading consumer internet companies that empower people and enrich communities. For more information, please visit www.prosus.com. Contact information Please contact Dogu Araci dogu.araci[at]prosus[dot]com and Zulkuf Genc zulkuf.genc[at]prosus[dot]com about any FinBERT related issues and questions.

gilf/french-camembert-postag-model

gilf

transformers

token-classification

--- language: fr widget: - text: "Face à un choc inédit, les mesures mises en place par le gouvernement ont permis une protection forte et efficace des ménages" --- ## About The *french-camembert-postag-model* is a part of speech tagging model for French that was trained on the *free-french-treebank* dataset available on [github](https://github.com/nicolashernandez/free-french-treebank). The base tokenizer and model used for training is *'camembert-base'*. ## Supported Tags It uses the following tags: | Tag | Category | Extra Info | |----------|:------------------------------:|------------:| | ADJ | adjectif | | | ADJWH | adjectif | | | ADV | adverbe | | | ADVWH | adverbe | | | CC | conjonction de coordination | | | CLO | pronom | obj | | CLR | pronom | refl | | CLS | pronom | suj | | CS | conjonction de subordination | | | DET | déterminant | | | DETWH | déterminant | | | ET | mot étranger | | | I | interjection | | | NC | nom commun | | | NPP | nom propre | | | P | préposition | | | P+D | préposition + déterminant | | | PONCT | signe de ponctuation | | | PREF | préfixe | | | PRO | autres pronoms | | | PROREL | autres pronoms | rel | | PROWH | autres pronoms | int | | U | ? | | | V | verbe | | | VIMP | verbe imperatif | | | VINF | verbe infinitif | | | VPP | participe passé | | | VPR | participe présent | | | VS | subjonctif | | More information on the tags can be found here: http://alpage.inria.fr/statgram/frdep/Publications/crabbecandi-taln2008-final.pdf ## Usage The usage of this model follows the common transformers patterns. Here is a short example of its usage: ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForTokenClassification tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("gilf/french-camembert-postag-model") model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("gilf/french-camembert-postag-model") from transformers import pipeline nlp_token_class = pipeline('ner', model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer, grouped_entities=True) nlp_token_class('Face à un choc inédit, les mesures mises en place par le gouvernement ont permis une protection forte et efficace des ménages') ``` The lines above would display something like this on a Jupyter notebook: ``` [{'entity_group': 'NC', 'score': 0.5760144591331482, 'word': '<s>'}, {'entity_group': 'U', 'score': 0.9946700930595398, 'word': 'Face'}, {'entity_group': 'P', 'score': 0.999615490436554, 'word': 'à'}, {'entity_group': 'DET', 'score': 0.9995906352996826, 'word': 'un'}, {'entity_group': 'NC', 'score': 0.9995531439781189, 'word': 'choc'}, {'entity_group': 'ADJ', 'score': 0.999183714389801, 'word': 'inédit'}, {'entity_group': 'P', 'score': 0.3710663616657257, 'word': ','}, {'entity_group': 'DET', 'score': 0.9995903968811035, 'word': 'les'}, {'entity_group': 'NC', 'score': 0.9995649456977844, 'word': 'mesures'}, {'entity_group': 'VPP', 'score': 0.9988670349121094, 'word': 'mises'}, {'entity_group': 'P', 'score': 0.9996246099472046, 'word': 'en'}, {'entity_group': 'NC', 'score': 0.9995329976081848, 'word': 'place'}, {'entity_group': 'P', 'score': 0.9996233582496643, 'word': 'par'}, {'entity_group': 'DET', 'score': 0.9995935559272766, 'word': 'le'}, {'entity_group': 'NC', 'score': 0.9995369911193848, 'word': 'gouvernement'}, {'entity_group': 'V', 'score': 0.9993771314620972, 'word': 'ont'}, {'entity_group': 'VPP', 'score': 0.9991101026535034, 'word': 'permis'}, {'entity_group': 'DET', 'score': 0.9995885491371155, 'word': 'une'}, {'entity_group': 'NC', 'score': 0.9995636343955994, 'word': 'protection'}, {'entity_group': 'ADJ', 'score': 0.9991781711578369, 'word': 'forte'}, {'entity_group': 'CC', 'score': 0.9991298317909241, 'word': 'et'}, {'entity_group': 'ADJ', 'score': 0.9992275238037109, 'word': 'efficace'}, {'entity_group': 'P+D', 'score': 0.9993300437927246, 'word': 'des'}, {'entity_group': 'NC', 'score': 0.8353511393070221, 'word': 'ménages</s>'}] ```

prithivida/parrot_paraphraser_on_T5

prithivida

transformers

text2text-generation

# Parrot ## 1. What is Parrot? Parrot is a paraphrase based utterance augmentation framework purpose built to accelerate training NLU models. A paraphrase framework is more than just a paraphrasing model. For more details on the library and usage please refer to the [github page](https://github.com/PrithivirajDamodaran/Parrot) ### Installation ```python pip install git+https://github.com/PrithivirajDamodaran/Parrot_Paraphraser.git ``` ### Quickstart ```python from parrot import Parrot import torch import warnings warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") ''' uncomment to get reproducable paraphrase generations def random_state(seed): torch.manual_seed(seed) if torch.cuda.is_available(): torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(seed) random_state(1234) ''' #Init models (make sure you init ONLY once if you integrate this to your code) parrot = Parrot(model_tag="prithivida/parrot_paraphraser_on_T5", use_gpu=False) phrases = ["Can you recommed some upscale restaurants in Newyork?", "What are the famous places we should not miss in Russia?" ] for phrase in phrases: print("-"*100) print("Input_phrase: ", phrase) print("-"*100) para_phrases = parrot.augment(input_phrase=phrase) for para_phrase in para_phrases: print(para_phrase) ``` ``` ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Input_phrase: Can you recommed some upscale restaurants in Newyork? ---------------------------------------------------------------------- list some excellent restaurants to visit in new york city? what upscale restaurants do you recommend in new york? i want to try some upscale restaurants in new york? recommend some upscale restaurants in newyork? can you recommend some high end restaurants in newyork? can you recommend some upscale restaurants in new york? can you recommend some upscale restaurants in newyork? ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Input_phrase: What are the famous places we should not miss in Russia ---------------------------------------------------------------------- what should we not miss when visiting russia? recommend some of the best places to visit in russia? list some of the best places to visit in russia? can you list the top places to visit in russia? show the places that we should not miss in russia? list some famous places which we should not miss in russia? ``` ### Knobs ```python para_phrases = parrot.augment(input_phrase=phrase, diversity_ranker="levenshtein", do_diverse=False, max_return_phrases = 10, max_length=32, adequacy_threshold = 0.99, fluency_threshold = 0.90) ``` ## 2. Why Parrot? **Huggingface** lists [12 paraphrase models,](https://huggingface.co/models?pipeline_tag=text2text-generation&search=paraphrase) **RapidAPI** lists 7 fremium and commercial paraphrasers like [QuillBot](https://rapidapi.com/search/paraphrase?section=apis&page=1), Rasa has discussed an experimental paraphraser for augmenting text data [here](https://forum.rasa.com/t/paraphrasing-for-nlu-data-augmentation-experimental/27744), Sentence-transfomers offers a [paraphrase mining utility](https://www.sbert.net/examples/applications/paraphrase-mining/README.html) and [NLPAug](https://github.com/makcedward/nlpaug) offers word level augmentation with a [PPDB](http://paraphrase.org/#/download) (a multi-million paraphrase database). While these attempts at paraphrasing are great, there are still some gaps and paraphrasing is NOT yet a mainstream option for text augmentation in building NLU models....Parrot is a humble attempt to fill some of these gaps. **What is a good paraphrase?** Almost all conditioned text generation models are validated on 2 factors, (1) if the generated text conveys the same meaning as the original context (Adequacy) (2) if the text is fluent / grammatically correct english (Fluency). For instance Neural Machine Translation outputs are tested for Adequacy and Fluency. But [a good paraphrase](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D10-1090.pdf) should be adequate and fluent while being as different as possible on the surface lexical form. With respect to this definition, the **3 key metrics** that measures the quality of paraphrases are: - **Adequacy** (Is the meaning preserved adequately?) - **Fluency** (Is the paraphrase fluent English?) - **Diversity (Lexical / Phrasal / Syntactical)** (How much has the paraphrase changed the original sentence?) *Parrot offers knobs to control Adequacy, Fluency and Diversity as per your needs.* **What makes a paraphraser a good augmentor?** For training a NLU model we just don't need a lot of utterances but utterances with intents and slots/entities annotated. Typical flow would be: - Given an **input utterance + input annotations** a good augmentor spits out N **output paraphrases** while preserving the intent and slots. - The output paraphrases are then converted into annotated data using the input annotations that we got in step 1. - The annotated data created out of the output paraphrases then makes the training dataset for your NLU model. But in general being a generative model paraphrasers doesn't guarantee to preserve the slots/entities. So the ability to generate high quality paraphrases in a constrained fashion without trading off the intents and slots for lexical dissimilarity makes a paraphraser a good augmentor. *More on this in section 3 below* ## 3. Scope In the space of conversational engines, knowledge bots are to which **we ask questions** like *"when was the Berlin wall teared down?"*, transactional bots are to which **we give commands** like *"Turn on the music please"* and voice assistants are the ones which can do both answer questions and action our commands. Parrot mainly foucses on augmenting texts typed-into or spoken-to conversational interfaces for building robust NLU models. (*So usually people neither type out or yell out long paragraphs to conversational interfaces. Hence the pre-trained model is trained on text samples of maximum length of 32.*) *While Parrot predominantly aims to be a text augmentor for building good NLU models, it can also be used as a pure-play paraphraser.*

sentence-transformers/msmarco-MiniLM-L-6-v3

sentence-transformers

sentence-transformers

sentence-similarity

--- license: apache-2.0 library_name: sentence-transformers tags: - sentence-transformers - feature-extraction - sentence-similarity - transformers pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity --- # sentence-transformers/msmarco-MiniLM-L-6-v3 This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search. ## Usage (Sentence-Transformers) Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed: ``` pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can use the model like this: ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer sentences = ["This is an example sentence", "Each sentence is converted"] model = SentenceTransformer('sentence-transformers/msmarco-MiniLM-L-6-v3') embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(embeddings) ``` ## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers) Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel import torch #Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask): token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float() return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9) # Sentences we want sentence embeddings for sentences = ['This is an example sentence', 'Each sentence is converted'] # Load model from HuggingFace Hub tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/msmarco-MiniLM-L-6-v3') model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/msmarco-MiniLM-L-6-v3') # Tokenize sentences encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') # Compute token embeddings with torch.no_grad(): model_output = model(**encoded_input) # Perform pooling. In this case, max pooling. sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask']) print("Sentence embeddings:") print(sentence_embeddings) ``` ## Evaluation Results For an automated evaluation of this model, see the *Sentence Embeddings Benchmark*: [https://seb.sbert.net](https://seb.sbert.net?model_name=sentence-transformers/msmarco-MiniLM-L-6-v3) ## Full Model Architecture ``` SentenceTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False}) ) ``` ## Citing & Authors This model was trained by [sentence-transformers](https://www.sbert.net/). If you find this model helpful, feel free to cite our publication [Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084): ```bibtex @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = "11", year = "2019", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", } ```

cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2

cross-encoder

transformers

text-classification

--- license: apache-2.0 --- # Cross-Encoder for MS Marco This model was trained on the [MS Marco Passage Ranking](https://github.com/microsoft/MSMARCO-Passage-Ranking) task. The model can be used for Information Retrieval: Given a query, encode the query will all possible passages (e.g. retrieved with ElasticSearch). Then sort the passages in a decreasing order. See [SBERT.net Retrieve & Re-rank](https://www.sbert.net/examples/applications/retrieve_rerank/README.html) for more details. The training code is available here: [SBERT.net Training MS Marco](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers/tree/master/examples/training/ms_marco) ## Usage with Transformers ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification import torch model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('model_name') tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('model_name') features = tokenizer(['How many people live in Berlin?', 'How many people live in Berlin?'], ['Berlin has a population of 3,520,031 registered inhabitants in an area of 891.82 square kilometers.', 'New York City is famous for the Metropolitan Museum of Art.'], padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors="pt") model.eval() with torch.no_grad(): scores = model(**features).logits print(scores) ``` ## Usage with SentenceTransformers The usage becomes easier when you have [SentenceTransformers](https://www.sbert.net/) installed. Then, you can use the pre-trained models like this: ```python from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder model = CrossEncoder('model_name', max_length=512) scores = model.predict([('Query', 'Paragraph1'), ('Query', 'Paragraph2') , ('Query', 'Paragraph3')]) ``` ## Performance In the following table, we provide various pre-trained Cross-Encoders together with their performance on the [TREC Deep Learning 2019](https://microsoft.github.io/TREC-2019-Deep-Learning/) and the [MS Marco Passage Reranking](https://github.com/microsoft/MSMARCO-Passage-Ranking/) dataset. | Model-Name | NDCG@10 (TREC DL 19) | MRR@10 (MS Marco Dev) | Docs / Sec | | ------------- |:-------------| -----| --- | | **Version 2 models** | | | | cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-2-v2 | 69.84 | 32.56 | 9000 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-2-v2 | 71.01 | 34.85 | 4100 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-4-v2 | 73.04 | 37.70 | 2500 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2 | 74.30 | 39.01 | 1800 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-12-v2 | 74.31 | 39.02 | 960 | **Version 1 models** | | | | cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-2 | 67.43 | 30.15 | 9000 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-4 | 68.09 | 34.50 | 2900 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-6 | 69.57 | 36.13 | 680 | cross-encoder/ms-marco-electra-base | 71.99 | 36.41 | 340 | **Other models** | | | | nboost/pt-tinybert-msmarco | 63.63 | 28.80 | 2900 | nboost/pt-bert-base-uncased-msmarco | 70.94 | 34.75 | 340 | nboost/pt-bert-large-msmarco | 73.36 | 36.48 | 100 | Capreolus/electra-base-msmarco | 71.23 | 36.89 | 340 | amberoad/bert-multilingual-passage-reranking-msmarco | 68.40 | 35.54 | 330 | sebastian-hofstaetter/distilbert-cat-margin_mse-T2-msmarco | 72.82 | 37.88 | 720 Note: Runtime was computed on a V100 GPU.

unslothai/other

unslothai

transformers

feature-extraction

--- library_name: transformers tags: [] ---

flair/ner-english-fast

flair

flair

token-classification

--- tags: - flair - token-classification - sequence-tagger-model language: en datasets: - conll2003 widget: - text: "George Washington went to Washington" --- ## English NER in Flair (fast model) This is the fast 4-class NER model for English that ships with [Flair](https://github.com/flairNLP/flair/). F1-Score: **92,92** (corrected CoNLL-03) Predicts 4 tags: | **tag** | **meaning** | |---------------------------------|-----------| | PER | person name | | LOC | location name | | ORG | organization name | | MISC | other name | Based on [Flair embeddings](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1139/) and LSTM-CRF. --- ### Demo: How to use in Flair Requires: **[Flair](https://github.com/flairNLP/flair/)** (`pip install flair`) ```python from flair.data import Sentence from flair.models import SequenceTagger # load tagger tagger = SequenceTagger.load("flair/ner-english-fast") # make example sentence sentence = Sentence("George Washington went to Washington") # predict NER tags tagger.predict(sentence) # print sentence print(sentence) # print predicted NER spans print('The following NER tags are found:') # iterate over entities and print for entity in sentence.get_spans('ner'): print(entity) ``` This yields the following output: ``` Span [1,2]: "George Washington" [− Labels: PER (0.9515)] Span [5]: "Washington" [− Labels: LOC (0.992)] ``` So, the entities "*George Washington*" (labeled as a **person**) and "*Washington*" (labeled as a **location**) are found in the sentence "*George Washington went to Washington*". --- ### Training: Script to train this model The following Flair script was used to train this model: ```python from flair.data import Corpus from flair.datasets import CONLL_03 from flair.embeddings import WordEmbeddings, StackedEmbeddings, FlairEmbeddings # 1. get the corpus corpus: Corpus = CONLL_03() # 2. what tag do we want to predict? tag_type = 'ner' # 3. make the tag dictionary from the corpus tag_dictionary = corpus.make_tag_dictionary(tag_type=tag_type) # 4. initialize each embedding we use embedding_types = [ # GloVe embeddings WordEmbeddings('glove'), # contextual string embeddings, forward FlairEmbeddings('news-forward-fast'), # contextual string embeddings, backward FlairEmbeddings('news-backward-fast'), ] # embedding stack consists of Flair and GloVe embeddings embeddings = StackedEmbeddings(embeddings=embedding_types) # 5. initialize sequence tagger from flair.models import SequenceTagger tagger = SequenceTagger(hidden_size=256, embeddings=embeddings, tag_dictionary=tag_dictionary, tag_type=tag_type) # 6. initialize trainer from flair.trainers import ModelTrainer trainer = ModelTrainer(tagger, corpus) # 7. run training trainer.train('resources/taggers/ner-english', train_with_dev=True, max_epochs=150) ``` --- ### Cite Please cite the following paper when using this model. ``` @inproceedings{akbik2018coling, title={Contextual String Embeddings for Sequence Labeling}, author={Akbik, Alan and Blythe, Duncan and Vollgraf, Roland}, booktitle = {{COLING} 2018, 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics}, pages = {1638--1649}, year = {2018} } ``` --- ### Issues? The Flair issue tracker is available [here](https://github.com/flairNLP/flair/issues/).

black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-dev

black-forest-labs

diffusers

text-to-image

--- language: - en license: other license_name: flux-1-dev-non-commercial-license license_link: LICENSE.md extra_gated_prompt: By clicking "Agree", you agree to the [FluxDev Non-Commercial License Agreement](https://huggingface.co/black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-dev/blob/main/LICENSE.md) and acknowledge the [Acceptable Use Policy](https://huggingface.co/black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-dev/blob/main/POLICY.md). tags: - text-to-image - image-generation - flux --- ![FLUX.1 [dev] Grid](./dev_grid.jpg) `FLUX.1 [dev]` is a 12 billion parameter rectified flow transformer capable of generating images from text descriptions. For more information, please read our [blog post](https://blackforestlabs.ai/announcing-black-forest-labs/). # Key Features 1. Cutting-edge output quality, second only to our state-of-the-art model `FLUX.1 [pro]`. 2. Competitive prompt following, matching the performance of closed source alternatives . 3. Trained using guidance distillation, making `FLUX.1 [dev]` more efficient. 4. Open weights to drive new scientific research, and empower artists to develop innovative workflows. 5. Generated outputs can be used for personal, scientific, and commercial purposes as described in the [`FLUX.1 [dev]` Non-Commercial License](https://huggingface.co/black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-dev/blob/main/LICENSE.md). # Usage We provide a reference implementation of `FLUX.1 [dev]`, as well as sampling code, in a dedicated [github repository](https://github.com/black-forest-labs/flux). Developers and creatives looking to build on top of `FLUX.1 [dev]` are encouraged to use this as a starting point. ## API Endpoints The FLUX.1 models are also available via API from the following sources - [bfl.ml](https://docs.bfl.ml/) (currently `FLUX.1 [pro]`) - [replicate.com](https://replicate.com/collections/flux) - [fal.ai](https://fal.ai/models/fal-ai/flux/dev) - [mystic.ai](https://www.mystic.ai/black-forest-labs/flux1-dev) ## ComfyUI `FLUX.1 [dev]` is also available in [Comfy UI](https://github.com/comfyanonymous/ComfyUI) for local inference with a node-based workflow. ## Diffusers To use `FLUX.1 [dev]` with the 🧨 diffusers python library, first install or upgrade diffusers ```shell pip install -U diffusers ``` Then you can use `FluxPipeline` to run the model ```python import torch from diffusers import FluxPipeline pipe = FluxPipeline.from_pretrained("black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-dev", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16) pipe.enable_model_cpu_offload() #save some VRAM by offloading the model to CPU. Remove this if you have enough GPU power prompt = "A cat holding a sign that says hello world" image = pipe( prompt, height=1024, width=1024, guidance_scale=3.5, num_inference_steps=50, max_sequence_length=512, generator=torch.Generator("cpu").manual_seed(0) ).images[0] image.save("flux-dev.png") ``` To learn more check out the [diffusers](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/main/en/api/pipelines/flux) documentation --- # Limitations - This model is not intended or able to provide factual information. - As a statistical model this checkpoint might amplify existing societal biases. - The model may fail to generate output that matches the prompts. - Prompt following is heavily influenced by the prompting-style. # Out-of-Scope Use The model and its derivatives may not be used - In any way that violates any applicable national, federal, state, local or international law or regulation. - For the purpose of exploiting, harming or attempting to exploit or harm minors in any way; including but not limited to the solicitation, creation, acquisition, or dissemination of child exploitative content. - To generate or disseminate verifiably false information and/or content with the purpose of harming others. - To generate or disseminate personal identifiable information that can be used to harm an individual. - To harass, abuse, threaten, stalk, or bully individuals or groups of individuals. - To create non-consensual nudity or illegal pornographic content. - For fully automated decision making that adversely impacts an individual's legal rights or otherwise creates or modifies a binding, enforceable obligation. - Generating or facilitating large-scale disinformation campaigns. # License This model falls under the [`FLUX.1 [dev]` Non-Commercial License](https://huggingface.co/black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-dev/blob/main/LICENSE.md).

facebook/roberta-hate-speech-dynabench-r4-target

facebook

transformers

text-classification

--- language: en --- # LFTW R4 Target The R4 Target model from [Learning from the Worst: Dynamically Generated Datasets to Improve Online Hate Detection](https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.15761) ## Citation Information ```bibtex @inproceedings{vidgen2021lftw, title={Learning from the Worst: Dynamically Generated Datasets to Improve Online Hate Detection}, author={Bertie Vidgen and Tristan Thrush and Zeerak Waseem and Douwe Kiela}, booktitle={ACL}, year={2021} } ``` Thanks to Kushal Tirumala and Adina Williams for helping the authors put the model on the hub!

autogluon/chronos-t5-tiny

autogluon

transformers

time-series-forecasting

--- license: apache-2.0 pipeline_tag: time-series-forecasting tags: - time series - forecasting - pretrained models - foundation models - time series foundation models - time-series --- # Chronos-T5 (Tiny) Chronos is a family of **pretrained time series forecasting models** based on language model architectures. A time series is transformed into a sequence of tokens via scaling and quantization, and a language model is trained on these tokens using the cross-entropy loss. Once trained, probabilistic forecasts are obtained by sampling multiple future trajectories given the historical context. Chronos models have been trained on a large corpus of publicly available time series data, as well as synthetic data generated using Gaussian processes. For details on Chronos models, training data and procedures, and experimental results, please refer to the paper [Chronos: Learning the Language of Time Series](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07815). <p align="center"> <img src="figures/main-figure.png" width="100%"> <br /> <span> Fig. 1: High-level depiction of Chronos. (<b>Left</b>) The input time series is scaled and quantized to obtain a sequence of tokens. (<b>Center</b>) The tokens are fed into a language model which may either be an encoder-decoder or a decoder-only model. The model is trained using the cross-entropy loss. (<b>Right</b>) During inference, we autoregressively sample tokens from the model and map them back to numerical values. Multiple trajectories are sampled to obtain a predictive distribution. </span> </p> --- ## Architecture The models in this repository are based on the [T5 architecture](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683). The only difference is in the vocabulary size: Chronos-T5 models use 4096 different tokens, compared to 32128 of the original T5 models, resulting in fewer parameters. | Model | Parameters | Based on | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [**chronos-t5-tiny**](https://huggingface.co/amazon/chronos-t5-tiny) | 8M | [t5-efficient-tiny](https://huggingface.co/google/t5-efficient-tiny) | | [**chronos-t5-mini**](https://huggingface.co/amazon/chronos-t5-mini) | 20M | [t5-efficient-mini](https://huggingface.co/google/t5-efficient-mini) | | [**chronos-t5-small**](https://huggingface.co/amazon/chronos-t5-small) | 46M | [t5-efficient-small](https://huggingface.co/google/t5-efficient-small) | | [**chronos-t5-base**](https://huggingface.co/amazon/chronos-t5-base) | 200M | [t5-efficient-base](https://huggingface.co/google/t5-efficient-base) | | [**chronos-t5-large**](https://huggingface.co/amazon/chronos-t5-large) | 710M | [t5-efficient-large](https://huggingface.co/google/t5-efficient-large) | ## Usage To perform inference with Chronos models, install the package in the GitHub [companion repo](https://github.com/amazon-science/chronos-forecasting) by running: ``` pip install git+https://github.com/amazon-science/chronos-forecasting.git ``` A minimal example showing how to perform inference using Chronos models: ```python import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import pandas as pd import torch from chronos import ChronosPipeline pipeline = ChronosPipeline.from_pretrained( "amazon/chronos-t5-tiny", device_map="cuda", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, ) df = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AileenNielsen/TimeSeriesAnalysisWithPython/master/data/AirPassengers.csv") # context must be either a 1D tensor, a list of 1D tensors, # or a left-padded 2D tensor with batch as the first dimension context = torch.tensor(df["#Passengers"]) prediction_length = 12 forecast = pipeline.predict(context, prediction_length) # shape [num_series, num_samples, prediction_length] # visualize the forecast forecast_index = range(len(df), len(df) + prediction_length) low, median, high = np.quantile(forecast[0].numpy(), [0.1, 0.5, 0.9], axis=0) plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4)) plt.plot(df["#Passengers"], color="royalblue", label="historical data") plt.plot(forecast_index, median, color="tomato", label="median forecast") plt.fill_between(forecast_index, low, high, color="tomato", alpha=0.3, label="80% prediction interval") plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.show() ``` ## Citation If you find Chronos models useful for your research, please consider citing the associated [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07815): ``` @article{ansari2024chronos, author = {Ansari, Abdul Fatir and Stella, Lorenzo and Turkmen, Caner and Zhang, Xiyuan, and Mercado, Pedro and Shen, Huibin and Shchur, Oleksandr and Rangapuram, Syama Syndar and Pineda Arango, Sebastian and Kapoor, Shubham and Zschiegner, Jasper and Maddix, Danielle C. and Mahoney, Michael W. and Torkkola, Kari and Gordon Wilson, Andrew and Bohlke-Schneider, Michael and Wang, Yuyang}, title = {Chronos: Learning the Language of Time Series}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.07815}, year = {2024} } ``` ## Security See [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md#security-issue-notifications) for more information. ## License This project is licensed under the Apache-2.0 License.

nlpconnect/vit-gpt2-image-captioning

nlpconnect

transformers

image-to-text

--- tags: - image-to-text - image-captioning license: apache-2.0 widget: - src: https://huggingface.co/datasets/mishig/sample_images/resolve/main/savanna.jpg example_title: Savanna - src: https://huggingface.co/datasets/mishig/sample_images/resolve/main/football-match.jpg example_title: Football Match - src: https://huggingface.co/datasets/mishig/sample_images/resolve/main/airport.jpg example_title: Airport --- # nlpconnect/vit-gpt2-image-captioning This is an image captioning model trained by @ydshieh in [flax ](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/examples/flax/image-captioning) this is pytorch version of [this](https://huggingface.co/ydshieh/vit-gpt2-coco-en-ckpts). # The Illustrated Image Captioning using transformers  * https://ankur3107.github.io/blogs/the-illustrated-image-captioning-using-transformers/ # Sample running code ```python from transformers import VisionEncoderDecoderModel, ViTImageProcessor, AutoTokenizer import torch from PIL import Image model = VisionEncoderDecoderModel.from_pretrained("nlpconnect/vit-gpt2-image-captioning") feature_extractor = ViTImageProcessor.from_pretrained("nlpconnect/vit-gpt2-image-captioning") tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("nlpconnect/vit-gpt2-image-captioning") device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu") model.to(device) max_length = 16 num_beams = 4 gen_kwargs = {"max_length": max_length, "num_beams": num_beams} def predict_step(image_paths): images = [] for image_path in image_paths: i_image = Image.open(image_path) if i_image.mode != "RGB": i_image = i_image.convert(mode="RGB") images.append(i_image) pixel_values = feature_extractor(images=images, return_tensors="pt").pixel_values pixel_values = pixel_values.to(device) output_ids = model.generate(pixel_values, **gen_kwargs) preds = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True) preds = [pred.strip() for pred in preds] return preds predict_step(['doctor.e16ba4e4.jpg']) # ['a woman in a hospital bed with a woman in a hospital bed'] ``` # Sample running code using transformers pipeline ```python from transformers import pipeline image_to_text = pipeline("image-to-text", model="nlpconnect/vit-gpt2-image-captioning") image_to_text("https://ankur3107.github.io/assets/images/image-captioning-example.png") # [{'generated_text': 'a soccer game with a player jumping to catch the ball '}] ``` # Contact for any help * https://huggingface.co/ankur310794 * https://twitter.com/ankur310794 * http://github.com/ankur3107 * https://www.linkedin.com/in/ankur310794

BAAI/bge-m3

BAAI

sentence-transformers

sentence-similarity

--- pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity tags: - sentence-transformers - feature-extraction - sentence-similarity license: mit --- For more details please refer to our github repo: https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding # BGE-M3 ([paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.03216.pdf), [code](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/BGE_M3)) In this project, we introduce BGE-M3, which is distinguished for its versatility in Multi-Functionality, Multi-Linguality, and Multi-Granularity. - Multi-Functionality: It can simultaneously perform the three common retrieval functionalities of embedding model: dense retrieval, multi-vector retrieval, and sparse retrieval. - Multi-Linguality: It can support more than 100 working languages. - Multi-Granularity: It is able to process inputs of different granularities, spanning from short sentences to long documents of up to 8192 tokens. **Some suggestions for retrieval pipeline in RAG** We recommend to use the following pipeline: hybrid retrieval + re-ranking. - Hybrid retrieval leverages the strengths of various methods, offering higher accuracy and stronger generalization capabilities. A classic example: using both embedding retrieval and the BM25 algorithm. Now, you can try to use BGE-M3, which supports both embedding and sparse retrieval. This allows you to obtain token weights (similar to the BM25) without any additional cost when generate dense embeddings. To use hybrid retrieval, you can refer to [Vespa](https://github.com/vespa-engine/pyvespa/blob/master/docs/sphinx/source/examples/mother-of-all-embedding-models-cloud.ipynb ) and [Milvus](https://github.com/milvus-io/pymilvus/blob/master/examples/hello_hybrid_sparse_dense.py). - As cross-encoder models, re-ranker demonstrates higher accuracy than bi-encoder embedding model. Utilizing the re-ranking model (e.g., [bge-reranker](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/reranker), [bge-reranker-v2](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/llm_reranker)) after retrieval can further filter the selected text. ## News: - 2024/7/1: **We update the MIRACL evaluation results of BGE-M3**. To reproduce the new results, you can refer to: [bge-m3_miracl_2cr](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hanhainebula/bge-m3_miracl_2cr). We have also updated our [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.03216) on arXiv. <details> <summary> Details </summary> The previous test results were lower because we mistakenly removed the passages that have the same id as the query from the search results. After correcting this mistake, the overall performance of BGE-M3 on MIRACL is higher than the previous results, but the experimental conclusion remains unchanged. The other results are not affected by this mistake. To reproduce the previous lower results, you need to add the `--remove-query` parameter when using `pyserini.search.faiss` or `pyserini.search.lucene` to search the passages. </details> - 2024/3/20: **Thanks Milvus team!** Now you can use hybrid retrieval of bge-m3 in Milvus: [pymilvus/examples /hello_hybrid_sparse_dense.py](https://github.com/milvus-io/pymilvus/blob/master/examples/hello_hybrid_sparse_dense.py). - 2024/3/8: **Thanks for the [experimental results](https://towardsdatascience.com/openai-vs-open-source-multilingual-embedding-models-e5ccb7c90f05) from @[Yannael](https://huggingface.co/Yannael). In this benchmark, BGE-M3 achieves top performance in both English and other languages, surpassing models such as OpenAI.** - 2024/3/2: Release unified fine-tuning [example](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/unified_finetune) and [data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Shitao/bge-m3-data) - 2024/2/6: We release the [MLDR](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Shitao/MLDR) (a long document retrieval dataset covering 13 languages) and [evaluation pipeline](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/C_MTEB/MLDR). - 2024/2/1: **Thanks for the excellent tool from Vespa.** You can easily use multiple modes of BGE-M3 following this [notebook](https://github.com/vespa-engine/pyvespa/blob/master/docs/sphinx/source/examples/mother-of-all-embedding-models-cloud.ipynb) ## Specs - Model | Model Name | Dimension | Sequence Length | Introduction | |:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | [BAAI/bge-m3](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-m3) | 1024 | 8192 | multilingual; unified fine-tuning (dense, sparse, and colbert) from bge-m3-unsupervised| | [BAAI/bge-m3-unsupervised](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-m3-unsupervised) | 1024 | 8192 | multilingual; contrastive learning from bge-m3-retromae | | [BAAI/bge-m3-retromae](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-m3-retromae) | -- | 8192 | multilingual; extend the max_length of [xlm-roberta](https://huggingface.co/FacebookAI/xlm-roberta-large) to 8192 and further pretrained via [retromae](https://github.com/staoxiao/RetroMAE)| | [BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5) | 1024 | 512 | English model | | [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) | 768 | 512 | English model | | [BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5) | 384 | 512 | English model | - Data | Dataset | Introduction | |:----------------------------------------------------------:|:-------------------------------------------------:| | [MLDR](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Shitao/MLDR) | Docuemtn Retrieval Dataset, covering 13 languages | | [bge-m3-data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Shitao/bge-m3-data) | Fine-tuning data used by bge-m3 | ## FAQ **1. Introduction for different retrieval methods** - Dense retrieval: map the text into a single embedding, e.g., [DPR](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.04906), [BGE-v1.5](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding) - Sparse retrieval (lexical matching): a vector of size equal to the vocabulary, with the majority of positions set to zero, calculating a weight only for tokens present in the text. e.g., BM25, [unicoil](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.14807.pdf), and [splade](https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.05720) - Multi-vector retrieval: use multiple vectors to represent a text, e.g., [ColBERT](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.12832). **2. How to use BGE-M3 in other projects?** For embedding retrieval, you can employ the BGE-M3 model using the same approach as BGE. The only difference is that the BGE-M3 model no longer requires adding instructions to the queries. For hybrid retrieval, you can use [Vespa](https://github.com/vespa-engine/pyvespa/blob/master/docs/sphinx/source/examples/mother-of-all-embedding-models-cloud.ipynb ) and [Milvus](https://github.com/milvus-io/pymilvus/blob/master/examples/hello_hybrid_sparse_dense.py). **3. How to fine-tune bge-M3 model?** You can follow the common in this [example](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/finetune) to fine-tune the dense embedding. If you want to fine-tune all embedding function of m3 (dense, sparse and colbert), you can refer to the [unified_fine-tuning example](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/examples/unified_finetune) ## Usage Install: ``` git clone https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding.git cd FlagEmbedding pip install -e . ``` or: ``` pip install -U FlagEmbedding ``` ### Generate Embedding for text - Dense Embedding ```python from FlagEmbedding import BGEM3FlagModel model = BGEM3FlagModel('BAAI/bge-m3', use_fp16=True) # Setting use_fp16 to True speeds up computation with a slight performance degradation sentences_1 = ["What is BGE M3?", "Defination of BM25"] sentences_2 = ["BGE M3 is an embedding model supporting dense retrieval, lexical matching and multi-vector interaction.", "BM25 is a bag-of-words retrieval function that ranks a set of documents based on the query terms appearing in each document"] embeddings_1 = model.encode(sentences_1, batch_size=12, max_length=8192, # If you don't need such a long length, you can set a smaller value to speed up the encoding process. )['dense_vecs'] embeddings_2 = model.encode(sentences_2)['dense_vecs'] similarity = embeddings_1 @ embeddings_2.T print(similarity) # [[0.6265, 0.3477], [0.3499, 0.678 ]] ``` You also can use sentence-transformers and huggingface transformers to generate dense embeddings. Refer to [baai_general_embedding](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/FlagEmbedding/baai_general_embedding#usage) for details. - Sparse Embedding (Lexical Weight) ```python from FlagEmbedding import BGEM3FlagModel model = BGEM3FlagModel('BAAI/bge-m3', use_fp16=True) # Setting use_fp16 to True speeds up computation with a slight performance degradation sentences_1 = ["What is BGE M3?", "Defination of BM25"] sentences_2 = ["BGE M3 is an embedding model supporting dense retrieval, lexical matching and multi-vector interaction.", "BM25 is a bag-of-words retrieval function that ranks a set of documents based on the query terms appearing in each document"] output_1 = model.encode(sentences_1, return_dense=True, return_sparse=True, return_colbert_vecs=False) output_2 = model.encode(sentences_2, return_dense=True, return_sparse=True, return_colbert_vecs=False) # you can see the weight for each token: print(model.convert_id_to_token(output_1['lexical_weights'])) # [{'What': 0.08356, 'is': 0.0814, 'B': 0.1296, 'GE': 0.252, 'M': 0.1702, '3': 0.2695, '?': 0.04092}, # {'De': 0.05005, 'fin': 0.1368, 'ation': 0.04498, 'of': 0.0633, 'BM': 0.2515, '25': 0.3335}] # compute the scores via lexical mathcing lexical_scores = model.compute_lexical_matching_score(output_1['lexical_weights'][0], output_2['lexical_weights'][0]) print(lexical_scores) # 0.19554901123046875 print(model.compute_lexical_matching_score(output_1['lexical_weights'][0], output_1['lexical_weights'][1])) # 0.0 ``` - Multi-Vector (ColBERT) ```python from FlagEmbedding import BGEM3FlagModel model = BGEM3FlagModel('BAAI/bge-m3', use_fp16=True) sentences_1 = ["What is BGE M3?", "Defination of BM25"] sentences_2 = ["BGE M3 is an embedding model supporting dense retrieval, lexical matching and multi-vector interaction.", "BM25 is a bag-of-words retrieval function that ranks a set of documents based on the query terms appearing in each document"] output_1 = model.encode(sentences_1, return_dense=True, return_sparse=True, return_colbert_vecs=True) output_2 = model.encode(sentences_2, return_dense=True, return_sparse=True, return_colbert_vecs=True) print(model.colbert_score(output_1['colbert_vecs'][0], output_2['colbert_vecs'][0])) print(model.colbert_score(output_1['colbert_vecs'][0], output_2['colbert_vecs'][1])) # 0.7797 # 0.4620 ``` ### Compute score for text pairs Input a list of text pairs, you can get the scores computed by different methods. ```python from FlagEmbedding import BGEM3FlagModel model = BGEM3FlagModel('BAAI/bge-m3', use_fp16=True) sentences_1 = ["What is BGE M3?", "Defination of BM25"] sentences_2 = ["BGE M3 is an embedding model supporting dense retrieval, lexical matching and multi-vector interaction.", "BM25 is a bag-of-words retrieval function that ranks a set of documents based on the query terms appearing in each document"] sentence_pairs = [[i,j] for i in sentences_1 for j in sentences_2] print(model.compute_score(sentence_pairs, max_passage_length=128, # a smaller max length leads to a lower latency weights_for_different_modes=[0.4, 0.2, 0.4])) # weights_for_different_modes(w) is used to do weighted sum: w[0]*dense_score + w[1]*sparse_score + w[2]*colbert_score # { # 'colbert': [0.7796499729156494, 0.4621465802192688, 0.4523794651031494, 0.7898575067520142], # 'sparse': [0.195556640625, 0.00879669189453125, 0.0, 0.1802978515625], # 'dense': [0.6259765625, 0.347412109375, 0.349853515625, 0.67822265625], # 'sparse+dense': [0.482503205537796, 0.23454029858112335, 0.2332356721162796, 0.5122477412223816], # 'colbert+sparse+dense': [0.6013619303703308, 0.3255828022956848, 0.32089319825172424, 0.6232916116714478] # } ``` ## Evaluation We provide the evaluation script for [MKQA](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/C_MTEB/MKQA) and [MLDR](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/C_MTEB/MLDR) ### Benchmarks from the open-source community  The BGE-M3 model emerged as the top performer on this benchmark (OAI is short for OpenAI). For more details, please refer to the [article](https://towardsdatascience.com/openai-vs-open-source-multilingual-embedding-models-e5ccb7c90f05) and [Github Repo](https://github.com/Yannael/multilingual-embeddings) ### Our results - Multilingual (Miracl dataset)  - Cross-lingual (MKQA dataset)  - Long Document Retrieval - MLDR:  Please note that [MLDR](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Shitao/MLDR) is a document retrieval dataset we constructed via LLM, covering 13 languages, including test set, validation set, and training set. We utilized the training set from MLDR to enhance the model's long document retrieval capabilities. Therefore, comparing baselines with `Dense w.o.long`(fine-tuning without long document dataset) is more equitable. Additionally, this long document retrieval dataset will be open-sourced to address the current lack of open-source multilingual long text retrieval datasets. We believe that this data will be helpful for the open-source community in training document retrieval models. - NarritiveQA:  - Comparison with BM25 We utilized Pyserini to implement BM25, and the test results can be reproduced by this [script](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/C_MTEB/MLDR#bm25-baseline). We tested BM25 using two different tokenizers: one using Lucene Analyzer and the other using the same tokenizer as M3 (i.e., the tokenizer of xlm-roberta). The results indicate that BM25 remains a competitive baseline, especially in long document retrieval.  ## Training - Self-knowledge Distillation: combining multiple outputs from different retrieval modes as reward signal to enhance the performance of single mode(especially for sparse retrieval and multi-vec(colbert) retrival) - Efficient Batching: Improve the efficiency when fine-tuning on long text. The small-batch strategy is simple but effective, which also can used to fine-tune large embedding model. - MCLS: A simple method to improve the performance on long text without fine-tuning. If you have no enough resource to fine-tuning model with long text, the method is useful. Refer to our [report](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.03216.pdf) for more details. ## Acknowledgement Thanks to the authors of open-sourced datasets, including Miracl, MKQA, NarritiveQA, etc. Thanks to the open-sourced libraries like [Tevatron](https://github.com/texttron/tevatron), [Pyserini](https://github.com/castorini/pyserini). ## Citation If you find this repository useful, please consider giving a star :star: and citation ``` @misc{bge-m3, title={BGE M3-Embedding: Multi-Lingual, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation}, author={Jianlv Chen and Shitao Xiao and Peitian Zhang and Kun Luo and Defu Lian and Zheng Liu}, year={2024}, eprint={2402.03216}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ```

HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta

HuggingFaceH4

transformers

text-generation

--- tags: - generated_from_trainer license: mit datasets: - HuggingFaceH4/ultrachat_200k - HuggingFaceH4/ultrafeedback_binarized language: - en base_model: mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1 widget: - example_title: Pirate! messages: - role: system content: You are a pirate chatbot who always responds with Arr! - role: user content: "There's a llama on my lawn, how can I get rid of him?" output: text: >- Arr! 'Tis a puzzlin' matter, me hearty! A llama on yer lawn be a rare sight, but I've got a plan that might help ye get rid of 'im. Ye'll need to gather some carrots and hay, and then lure the llama away with the promise of a tasty treat. Once he's gone, ye can clean up yer lawn and enjoy the peace and quiet once again. But beware, me hearty, for there may be more llamas where that one came from! Arr! pipeline_tag: text-generation model-index: - name: zephyr-7b-beta results: # AI2 Reasoning Challenge (25-Shot) - task: type: text-generation name: Text Generation dataset: name: AI2 Reasoning Challenge (25-Shot) type: ai2_arc config: ARC-Challenge split: test args: num_few_shot: 25 metrics: - type: acc_norm name: normalized accuracy value: 62.03071672354948 source: name: Open LLM Leaderboard url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta # HellaSwag (10-shot) - task: type: text-generation name: Text Generation dataset: name: HellaSwag (10-Shot) type: hellaswag split: validation args: num_few_shot: 10 metrics: - type: acc_norm name: normalized accuracy value: 84.35570603465445 source: name: Open LLM Leaderboard url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta # DROP (3-shot) - task: type: text-generation name: Text Generation dataset: name: Drop (3-Shot) type: drop split: validation args: num_few_shot: 3 metrics: - type: f1 name: f1 score value: 9.662437080536909 source: name: Open LLM Leaderboard url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta # TruthfulQA (0-shot) - task: type: text-generation name: Text Generation dataset: name: TruthfulQA (0-shot) type: truthful_qa config: multiple_choice split: validation args: num_few_shot: 0 metrics: - type: mc2 value: 57.44916942762855 source: name: Open LLM Leaderboard url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta # GSM8k (5-shot) - task: type: text-generation name: Text Generation dataset: name: GSM8k (5-shot) type: gsm8k config: main split: test args: num_few_shot: 5 metrics: - type: acc name: accuracy value: 12.736921910538287 source: name: Open LLM Leaderboard url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta # MMLU (5-Shot) - task: type: text-generation name: Text Generation dataset: name: MMLU (5-Shot) type: cais/mmlu config: all split: test args: num_few_shot: 5 metrics: - type: acc name: accuracy value: 61.07 source: name: Open LLM Leaderboard url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta # Winogrande (5-shot) - task: type: text-generation name: Text Generation dataset: name: Winogrande (5-shot) type: winogrande config: winogrande_xl split: validation args: num_few_shot: 5 metrics: - type: acc name: accuracy value: 77.74269928966061 source: name: Open LLM Leaderboard url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta # AlpacaEval (taken from model card) - task: type: text-generation name: Text Generation dataset: name: AlpacaEval type: tatsu-lab/alpaca_eval metrics: - type: unknown name: win rate value: 0.9060 source: url: https://tatsu-lab.github.io/alpaca_eval/ # MT-Bench (taken from model card) - task: type: text-generation name: Text Generation dataset: name: MT-Bench type: unknown metrics: - type: unknown name: score value: 7.34 source: url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/lmsys/mt-bench --- <!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. --> <img src="https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-alpha/resolve/main/thumbnail.png" alt="Zephyr Logo" width="800" style="margin-left:'auto' margin-right:'auto' display:'block'"/> # Model Card for Zephyr 7B β Zephyr is a series of language models that are trained to act as helpful assistants. Zephyr-7B-β is the second model in the series, and is a fine-tuned version of [mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1) that was trained on on a mix of publicly available, synthetic datasets using [Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.18290). We found that removing the in-built alignment of these datasets boosted performance on [MT Bench](https://huggingface.co/spaces/lmsys/mt-bench) and made the model more helpful. However, this means that model is likely to generate problematic text when prompted to do so. You can find more details in the [technical report](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.16944). ## Model description - **Model type:** A 7B parameter GPT-like model fine-tuned on a mix of publicly available, synthetic datasets. - **Language(s) (NLP):** Primarily English - **License:** MIT - **Finetuned from model:** [mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1) ### Model Sources <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. --> - **Repository:** https://github.com/huggingface/alignment-handbook - **Demo:** https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-chat - **Chatbot Arena:** Evaluate Zephyr 7B against 10+ LLMs in the LMSYS arena: http://arena.lmsys.org ## Performance At the time of release, Zephyr-7B-β is the highest ranked 7B chat model on the [MT-Bench](https://huggingface.co/spaces/lmsys/mt-bench) and [AlpacaEval](https://tatsu-lab.github.io/alpaca_eval/) benchmarks: | Model | Size | Alignment | MT-Bench (score) | AlpacaEval (win rate %) | |-------------|-----|----|---------------|--------------| | StableLM-Tuned-α | 7B| dSFT |2.75| -| | MPT-Chat | 7B |dSFT |5.42| -| | Xwin-LMv0.1 | 7B| dPPO| 6.19| 87.83| | Mistral-Instructv0.1 | 7B| - | 6.84 |-| | Zephyr-7b-α |7B| dDPO| 6.88| -| | **Zephyr-7b-β** 🪁 | **7B** | **dDPO** | **7.34** | **90.60** | | Falcon-Instruct | 40B |dSFT |5.17 |45.71| | Guanaco | 65B | SFT |6.41| 71.80| | Llama2-Chat | 70B |RLHF |6.86| 92.66| | Vicuna v1.3 | 33B |dSFT |7.12 |88.99| | WizardLM v1.0 | 70B |dSFT |7.71 |-| | Xwin-LM v0.1 | 70B |dPPO |- |95.57| | GPT-3.5-turbo | - |RLHF |7.94 |89.37| | Claude 2 | - |RLHF |8.06| 91.36| | GPT-4 | -| RLHF |8.99| 95.28| In particular, on several categories of MT-Bench, Zephyr-7B-β has strong performance compared to larger open models like Llama2-Chat-70B:  However, on more complex tasks like coding and mathematics, Zephyr-7B-β lags behind proprietary models and more research is needed to close the gap. ## Intended uses & limitations The model was initially fine-tuned on a filtered and preprocessed of the [`UltraChat`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/stingning/ultrachat) dataset, which contains a diverse range of synthetic dialogues generated by ChatGPT. We then further aligned the model with [🤗 TRL's](https://github.com/huggingface/trl) `DPOTrainer` on the [openbmb/UltraFeedback](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openbmb/UltraFeedback) dataset, which contains 64k prompts and model completions that are ranked by GPT-4. As a result, the model can be used for chat and you can check out our [demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-chat) to test its capabilities. You can find the datasets used for training Zephyr-7B-β [here](https://huggingface.co/collections/HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-6538c6d6d5ddd1cbb1744a66) Here's how you can run the model using the `pipeline()` function from 🤗 Transformers: ```python # Install transformers from source - only needed for versions <= v4.34 # pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers.git # pip install accelerate import torch from transformers import pipeline pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model="HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto") # We use the tokenizer's chat template to format each message - see https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/en/chat_templating messages = [ { "role": "system", "content": "You are a friendly chatbot who always responds in the style of a pirate", }, {"role": "user", "content": "How many helicopters can a human eat in one sitting?"}, ] prompt = pipe.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True) outputs = pipe(prompt, max_new_tokens=256, do_sample=True, temperature=0.7, top_k=50, top_p=0.95) print(outputs[0]["generated_text"]) # <|system|> # You are a friendly chatbot who always responds in the style of a pirate.</s> # <|user|> # How many helicopters can a human eat in one sitting?</s> # <|assistant|> # Ah, me hearty matey! But yer question be a puzzler! A human cannot eat a helicopter in one sitting, as helicopters are not edible. They be made of metal, plastic, and other materials, not food! ``` ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. --> Zephyr-7B-β has not been aligned to human preferences for safety within the RLHF phase or deployed with in-the-loop filtering of responses like ChatGPT, so the model can produce problematic outputs (especially when prompted to do so). It is also unknown what the size and composition of the corpus was used to train the base model (`mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1`), however it is likely to have included a mix of Web data and technical sources like books and code. See the [Falcon 180B model card](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-180B#training-data) for an example of this. ## Training and evaluation data During DPO training, this model achieves the following results on the evaluation set: - Loss: 0.7496 - Rewards/chosen: -4.5221 - Rewards/rejected: -8.3184 - Rewards/accuracies: 0.7812 - Rewards/margins: 3.7963 - Logps/rejected: -340.1541 - Logps/chosen: -299.4561 - Logits/rejected: -2.3081 - Logits/chosen: -2.3531 ### Training hyperparameters The following hyperparameters were used during training: - learning_rate: 5e-07 - train_batch_size: 2 - eval_batch_size: 4 - seed: 42 - distributed_type: multi-GPU - num_devices: 16 - total_train_batch_size: 32 - total_eval_batch_size: 64 - optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 - lr_scheduler_type: linear - lr_scheduler_warmup_ratio: 0.1 - num_epochs: 3.0 ### Training results The table below shows the full set of DPO training metrics: | Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Rewards/chosen | Rewards/rejected | Rewards/accuracies | Rewards/margins | Logps/rejected | Logps/chosen | Logits/rejected | Logits/chosen | |:-------------:|:-----:|:----:|:---------------:|:--------------:|:----------------:|:------------------:|:---------------:|:--------------:|:------------:|:---------------:|:-------------:| | 0.6284 | 0.05 | 100 | 0.6098 | 0.0425 | -0.1872 | 0.7344 | 0.2297 | -258.8416 | -253.8099 | -2.7976 | -2.8234 | | 0.4908 | 0.1 | 200 | 0.5426 | -0.0279 | -0.6842 | 0.75 | 0.6563 | -263.8124 | -254.5145 | -2.7719 | -2.7960 | | 0.5264 | 0.15 | 300 | 0.5324 | 0.0414 | -0.9793 | 0.7656 | 1.0207 | -266.7627 | -253.8209 | -2.7892 | -2.8122 | | 0.5536 | 0.21 | 400 | 0.4957 | -0.0185 | -1.5276 | 0.7969 | 1.5091 | -272.2460 | -254.4203 | -2.8542 | -2.8764 | | 0.5362 | 0.26 | 500 | 0.5031 | -0.2630 | -1.5917 | 0.7812 | 1.3287 | -272.8869 | -256.8653 | -2.8702 | -2.8958 | | 0.5966 | 0.31 | 600 | 0.5963 | -0.2993 | -1.6491 | 0.7812 | 1.3499 | -273.4614 | -257.2279 | -2.8778 | -2.8986 | | 0.5014 | 0.36 | 700 | 0.5382 | -0.2859 | -1.4750 | 0.75 | 1.1891 | -271.7204 | -257.0942 | -2.7659 | -2.7869 | | 0.5334 | 0.41 | 800 | 0.5677 | -0.4289 | -1.8968 | 0.7969 | 1.4679 | -275.9378 | -258.5242 | -2.7053 | -2.7265 | | 0.5251 | 0.46 | 900 | 0.5772 | -0.2116 | -1.3107 | 0.7344 | 1.0991 | -270.0768 | -256.3507 | -2.8463 | -2.8662 | | 0.5205 | 0.52 | 1000 | 0.5262 | -0.3792 | -1.8585 | 0.7188 | 1.4793 | -275.5552 | -258.0276 | -2.7893 | -2.7979 | | 0.5094 | 0.57 | 1100 | 0.5433 | -0.6279 | -1.9368 | 0.7969 | 1.3089 | -276.3377 | -260.5136 | -2.7453 | -2.7536 | | 0.5837 | 0.62 | 1200 | 0.5349 | -0.3780 | -1.9584 | 0.7656 | 1.5804 | -276.5542 | -258.0154 | -2.7643 | -2.7756 | | 0.5214 | 0.67 | 1300 | 0.5732 | -1.0055 | -2.2306 | 0.7656 | 1.2251 | -279.2761 | -264.2903 | -2.6986 | -2.7113 | | 0.6914 | 0.72 | 1400 | 0.5137 | -0.6912 | -2.1775 | 0.7969 | 1.4863 | -278.7448 | -261.1467 | -2.7166 | -2.7275 | | 0.4655 | 0.77 | 1500 | 0.5090 | -0.7987 | -2.2930 | 0.7031 | 1.4943 | -279.8999 | -262.2220 | -2.6651 | -2.6838 | | 0.5731 | 0.83 | 1600 | 0.5312 | -0.8253 | -2.3520 | 0.7812 | 1.5268 | -280.4902 | -262.4876 | -2.6543 | -2.6728 | | 0.5233 | 0.88 | 1700 | 0.5206 | -0.4573 | -2.0951 | 0.7812 | 1.6377 | -277.9205 | -258.8084 | -2.6870 | -2.7097 | | 0.5593 | 0.93 | 1800 | 0.5231 | -0.5508 | -2.2000 | 0.7969 | 1.6492 | -278.9703 | -259.7433 | -2.6221 | -2.6519 | | 0.4967 | 0.98 | 1900 | 0.5290 | -0.5340 | -1.9570 | 0.8281 | 1.4230 | -276.5395 | -259.5749 | -2.6564 | -2.6878 | | 0.0921 | 1.03 | 2000 | 0.5368 | -1.1376 | -3.1615 | 0.7812 | 2.0239 | -288.5854 | -265.6111 | -2.6040 | -2.6345 | | 0.0733 | 1.08 | 2100 | 0.5453 | -1.1045 | -3.4451 | 0.7656 | 2.3406 | -291.4208 | -265.2799 | -2.6289 | -2.6595 | | 0.0972 | 1.14 | 2200 | 0.5571 | -1.6915 | -3.9823 | 0.8125 | 2.2908 | -296.7934 | -271.1505 | -2.6471 | -2.6709 | | 0.1058 | 1.19 | 2300 | 0.5789 | -1.0621 | -3.8941 | 0.7969 | 2.8319 | -295.9106 | -264.8563 | -2.5527 | -2.5798 | | 0.2423 | 1.24 | 2400 | 0.5455 | -1.1963 | -3.5590 | 0.7812 | 2.3627 | -292.5599 | -266.1981 | -2.5414 | -2.5784 | | 0.1177 | 1.29 | 2500 | 0.5889 | -1.8141 | -4.3942 | 0.7969 | 2.5801 | -300.9120 | -272.3761 | -2.4802 | -2.5189 | | 0.1213 | 1.34 | 2600 | 0.5683 | -1.4608 | -3.8420 | 0.8125 | 2.3812 | -295.3901 | -268.8436 | -2.4774 | -2.5207 | | 0.0889 | 1.39 | 2700 | 0.5890 | -1.6007 | -3.7337 | 0.7812 | 2.1330 | -294.3068 | -270.2423 | -2.4123 | -2.4522 | | 0.0995 | 1.45 | 2800 | 0.6073 | -1.5519 | -3.8362 | 0.8281 | 2.2843 | -295.3315 | -269.7538 | -2.4685 | -2.5050 | | 0.1145 | 1.5 | 2900 | 0.5790 | -1.7939 | -4.2876 | 0.8438 | 2.4937 | -299.8461 | -272.1744 | -2.4272 | -2.4674 | | 0.0644 | 1.55 | 3000 | 0.5735 | -1.7285 | -4.2051 | 0.8125 | 2.4766 | -299.0209 | -271.5201 | -2.4193 | -2.4574 | | 0.0798 | 1.6 | 3100 | 0.5537 | -1.7226 | -4.2850 | 0.8438 | 2.5624 | -299.8200 | -271.4610 | -2.5367 | -2.5696 | | 0.1013 | 1.65 | 3200 | 0.5575 | -1.5715 | -3.9813 | 0.875 | 2.4098 | -296.7825 | -269.9498 | -2.4926 | -2.5267 | | 0.1254 | 1.7 | 3300 | 0.5905 | -1.6412 | -4.4703 | 0.8594 | 2.8291 | -301.6730 | -270.6473 | -2.5017 | -2.5340 | | 0.085 | 1.76 | 3400 | 0.6133 | -1.9159 | -4.6760 | 0.8438 | 2.7601 | -303.7296 | -273.3941 | -2.4614 | -2.4960 | | 0.065 | 1.81 | 3500 | 0.6074 | -1.8237 | -4.3525 | 0.8594 | 2.5288 | -300.4951 | -272.4724 | -2.4597 | -2.5004 | | 0.0755 | 1.86 | 3600 | 0.5836 | -1.9252 | -4.4005 | 0.8125 | 2.4753 | -300.9748 | -273.4872 | -2.4327 | -2.4716 | | 0.0746 | 1.91 | 3700 | 0.5789 | -1.9280 | -4.4906 | 0.8125 | 2.5626 | -301.8762 | -273.5149 | -2.4686 | -2.5115 | | 0.1348 | 1.96 | 3800 | 0.6015 | -1.8658 | -4.2428 | 0.8281 | 2.3769 | -299.3976 | -272.8936 | -2.4943 | -2.5393 | | 0.0217 | 2.01 | 3900 | 0.6122 | -2.3335 | -4.9229 | 0.8281 | 2.5894 | -306.1988 | -277.5699 | -2.4841 | -2.5272 | | 0.0219 | 2.07 | 4000 | 0.6522 | -2.9890 | -6.0164 | 0.8281 | 3.0274 | -317.1334 | -284.1248 | -2.4105 | -2.4545 | | 0.0119 | 2.12 | 4100 | 0.6922 | -3.4777 | -6.6749 | 0.7969 | 3.1972 | -323.7187 | -289.0121 | -2.4272 | -2.4699 | | 0.0153 | 2.17 | 4200 | 0.6993 | -3.2406 | -6.6775 | 0.7969 | 3.4369 | -323.7453 | -286.6413 | -2.4047 | -2.4465 | | 0.011 | 2.22 | 4300 | 0.7178 | -3.7991 | -7.4397 | 0.7656 | 3.6406 | -331.3667 | -292.2260 | -2.3843 | -2.4290 | | 0.0072 | 2.27 | 4400 | 0.6840 | -3.3269 | -6.8021 | 0.8125 | 3.4752 | -324.9908 | -287.5042 | -2.4095 | -2.4536 | | 0.0197 | 2.32 | 4500 | 0.7013 | -3.6890 | -7.3014 | 0.8125 | 3.6124 | -329.9841 | -291.1250 | -2.4118 | -2.4543 | | 0.0182 | 2.37 | 4600 | 0.7476 | -3.8994 | -7.5366 | 0.8281 | 3.6372 | -332.3356 | -293.2291 | -2.4163 | -2.4565 | | 0.0125 | 2.43 | 4700 | 0.7199 | -4.0560 | -7.5765 | 0.8438 | 3.5204 | -332.7345 | -294.7952 | -2.3699 | -2.4100 | | 0.0082 | 2.48 | 4800 | 0.7048 | -3.6613 | -7.1356 | 0.875 | 3.4743 | -328.3255 | -290.8477 | -2.3925 | -2.4303 | | 0.0118 | 2.53 | 4900 | 0.6976 | -3.7908 | -7.3152 | 0.8125 | 3.5244 | -330.1224 | -292.1431 | -2.3633 | -2.4047 | | 0.0118 | 2.58 | 5000 | 0.7198 | -3.9049 | -7.5557 | 0.8281 | 3.6508 | -332.5271 | -293.2844 | -2.3764 | -2.4194 | | 0.006 | 2.63 | 5100 | 0.7506 | -4.2118 | -7.9149 | 0.8125 | 3.7032 | -336.1194 | -296.3530 | -2.3407 | -2.3860 | | 0.0143 | 2.68 | 5200 | 0.7408 | -4.2433 | -7.9802 | 0.8125 | 3.7369 | -336.7721 | -296.6682 | -2.3509 | -2.3946 | | 0.0057 | 2.74 | 5300 | 0.7552 | -4.3392 | -8.0831 | 0.7969 | 3.7439 | -337.8013 | -297.6275 | -2.3388 | -2.3842 | | 0.0138 | 2.79 | 5400 | 0.7404 | -4.2395 | -7.9762 | 0.8125 | 3.7367 | -336.7322 | -296.6304 | -2.3286 | -2.3737 | | 0.0079 | 2.84 | 5500 | 0.7525 | -4.4466 | -8.2196 | 0.7812 | 3.7731 | -339.1662 | -298.7007 | -2.3200 | -2.3641 | | 0.0077 | 2.89 | 5600 | 0.7520 | -4.5586 | -8.3485 | 0.7969 | 3.7899 | -340.4545 | -299.8206 | -2.3078 | -2.3517 | | 0.0094 | 2.94 | 5700 | 0.7527 | -4.5542 | -8.3509 | 0.7812 | 3.7967 | -340.4790 | -299.7773 | -2.3062 | -2.3510 | | 0.0054 | 2.99 | 5800 | 0.7520 | -4.5169 | -8.3079 | 0.7812 | 3.7911 | -340.0493 | -299.4038 | -2.3081 | -2.3530 | ### Framework versions - Transformers 4.35.0.dev0 - Pytorch 2.0.1+cu118 - Datasets 2.12.0 - Tokenizers 0.14.0 ## Citation If you find Zephyr-7B-β is useful in your work, please cite it with: ``` @misc{tunstall2023zephyr, title={Zephyr: Direct Distillation of LM Alignment}, author={Lewis Tunstall and Edward Beeching and Nathan Lambert and Nazneen Rajani and Kashif Rasul and Younes Belkada and Shengyi Huang and Leandro von Werra and Clémentine Fourrier and Nathan Habib and Nathan Sarrazin and Omar Sanseviero and Alexander M. Rush and Thomas Wolf}, year={2023}, eprint={2310.16944}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.LG} } ``` # [Open LLM Leaderboard Evaluation Results](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard) Detailed results can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-llm-leaderboard/details_HuggingFaceH4__zephyr-7b-beta) | Metric | Value | |-----------------------|---------------------------| | Avg. | 52.15 | | ARC (25-shot) | 62.03 | | HellaSwag (10-shot) | 84.36 | | MMLU (5-shot) | 61.07 | | TruthfulQA (0-shot) | 57.45 | | Winogrande (5-shot) | 77.74 | | GSM8K (5-shot) | 12.74 | | DROP (3-shot) | 9.66 |

stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1

stabilityai

diffusers

text-to-image

--- license: openrail++ tags: - stable-diffusion - text-to-image pinned: true --- # Stable Diffusion v2-1 Model Card This model card focuses on the model associated with the Stable Diffusion v2-1 model, codebase available [here](https://github.com/Stability-AI/stablediffusion). This `stable-diffusion-2-1` model is fine-tuned from [stable-diffusion-2](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2) (`768-v-ema.ckpt`) with an additional 55k steps on the same dataset (with `punsafe=0.1`), and then fine-tuned for another 155k extra steps with `punsafe=0.98`. - Use it with the [`stablediffusion`](https://github.com/Stability-AI/stablediffusion) repository: download the `v2-1_768-ema-pruned.ckpt` [here](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1/blob/main/v2-1_768-ema-pruned.ckpt). - Use it with 🧨 [`diffusers`](#examples) ## Model Details - **Developed by:** Robin Rombach, Patrick Esser - **Model type:** Diffusion-based text-to-image generation model - **Language(s):** English - **License:** [CreativeML Open RAIL++-M License](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2/blob/main/LICENSE-MODEL) - **Model Description:** This is a model that can be used to generate and modify images based on text prompts. It is a [Latent Diffusion Model](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10752) that uses a fixed, pretrained text encoder ([OpenCLIP-ViT/H](https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip)). - **Resources for more information:** [GitHub Repository](https://github.com/Stability-AI/). - **Cite as:** @InProceedings{Rombach_2022_CVPR, author = {Rombach, Robin and Blattmann, Andreas and Lorenz, Dominik and Esser, Patrick and Ommer, Bj\"orn}, title = {High-Resolution Image Synthesis With Latent Diffusion Models}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, month = {June}, year = {2022}, pages = {10684-10695} } ## Examples Using the [🤗's Diffusers library](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers) to run Stable Diffusion 2 in a simple and efficient manner. ```bash pip install diffusers transformers accelerate scipy safetensors ``` Running the pipeline (if you don't swap the scheduler it will run with the default DDIM, in this example we are swapping it to DPMSolverMultistepScheduler): ```python import torch from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline, DPMSolverMultistepScheduler model_id = "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1" # Use the DPMSolverMultistepScheduler (DPM-Solver++) scheduler here instead pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torch.float16) pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(pipe.scheduler.config) pipe = pipe.to("cuda") prompt = "a photo of an astronaut riding a horse on mars" image = pipe(prompt).images[0] image.save("astronaut_rides_horse.png") ``` **Notes**: - Despite not being a dependency, we highly recommend you to install [xformers](https://github.com/facebookresearch/xformers) for memory efficient attention (better performance) - If you have low GPU RAM available, make sure to add a `pipe.enable_attention_slicing()` after sending it to `cuda` for less VRAM usage (to the cost of speed) # Uses ## Direct Use The model is intended for research purposes only. Possible research areas and tasks include - Safe deployment of models which have the potential to generate harmful content. - Probing and understanding the limitations and biases of generative models. - Generation of artworks and use in design and other artistic processes. - Applications in educational or creative tools. - Research on generative models. Excluded uses are described below. ### Misuse, Malicious Use, and Out-of-Scope Use _Note: This section is originally taken from the [DALLE-MINI model card](https://huggingface.co/dalle-mini/dalle-mini), was used for Stable Diffusion v1, but applies in the same way to Stable Diffusion v2_. The model should not be used to intentionally create or disseminate images that create hostile or alienating environments for people. This includes generating images that people would foreseeably find disturbing, distressing, or offensive; or content that propagates historical or current stereotypes. #### Out-of-Scope Use The model was not trained to be factual or true representations of people or events, and therefore using the model to generate such content is out-of-scope for the abilities of this model. #### Misuse and Malicious Use Using the model to generate content that is cruel to individuals is a misuse of this model. This includes, but is not limited to: - Generating demeaning, dehumanizing, or otherwise harmful representations of people or their environments, cultures, religions, etc. - Intentionally promoting or propagating discriminatory content or harmful stereotypes. - Impersonating individuals without their consent. - Sexual content without consent of the people who might see it. - Mis- and disinformation - Representations of egregious violence and gore - Sharing of copyrighted or licensed material in violation of its terms of use. - Sharing content that is an alteration of copyrighted or licensed material in violation of its terms of use. ## Limitations and Bias ### Limitations - The model does not achieve perfect photorealism - The model cannot render legible text - The model does not perform well on more difficult tasks which involve compositionality, such as rendering an image corresponding to “A red cube on top of a blue sphere” - Faces and people in general may not be generated properly. - The model was trained mainly with English captions and will not work as well in other languages. - The autoencoding part of the model is lossy - The model was trained on a subset of the large-scale dataset [LAION-5B](https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/), which contains adult, violent and sexual content. To partially mitigate this, we have filtered the dataset using LAION's NFSW detector (see Training section). ### Bias While the capabilities of image generation models are impressive, they can also reinforce or exacerbate social biases. Stable Diffusion was primarily trained on subsets of [LAION-2B(en)](https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/), which consists of images that are limited to English descriptions. Texts and images from communities and cultures that use other languages are likely to be insufficiently accounted for. This affects the overall output of the model, as white and western cultures are often set as the default. Further, the ability of the model to generate content with non-English prompts is significantly worse than with English-language prompts. Stable Diffusion v2 mirrors and exacerbates biases to such a degree that viewer discretion must be advised irrespective of the input or its intent. ## Training **Training Data** The model developers used the following dataset for training the model: - LAION-5B and subsets (details below). The training data is further filtered using LAION's NSFW detector, with a "p_unsafe" score of 0.1 (conservative). For more details, please refer to LAION-5B's [NeurIPS 2022](https://openreview.net/forum?id=M3Y74vmsMcY) paper and reviewer discussions on the topic. **Training Procedure** Stable Diffusion v2 is a latent diffusion model which combines an autoencoder with a diffusion model that is trained in the latent space of the autoencoder. During training, - Images are encoded through an encoder, which turns images into latent representations. The autoencoder uses a relative downsampling factor of 8 and maps images of shape H x W x 3 to latents of shape H/f x W/f x 4 - Text prompts are encoded through the OpenCLIP-ViT/H text-encoder. - The output of the text encoder is fed into the UNet backbone of the latent diffusion model via cross-attention. - The loss is a reconstruction objective between the noise that was added to the latent and the prediction made by the UNet. We also use the so-called _v-objective_, see https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00512. We currently provide the following checkpoints: - `512-base-ema.ckpt`: 550k steps at resolution `256x256` on a subset of [LAION-5B](https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/) filtered for explicit pornographic material, using the [LAION-NSFW classifier](https://github.com/LAION-AI/CLIP-based-NSFW-Detector) with `punsafe=0.1` and an [aesthetic score](https://github.com/christophschuhmann/improved-aesthetic-predictor) >= `4.5`. 850k steps at resolution `512x512` on the same dataset with resolution `>= 512x512`. - `768-v-ema.ckpt`: Resumed from `512-base-ema.ckpt` and trained for 150k steps using a [v-objective](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00512) on the same dataset. Resumed for another 140k steps on a `768x768` subset of our dataset. - `512-depth-ema.ckpt`: Resumed from `512-base-ema.ckpt` and finetuned for 200k steps. Added an extra input channel to process the (relative) depth prediction produced by [MiDaS](https://github.com/isl-org/MiDaS) (`dpt_hybrid`) which is used as an additional conditioning. The additional input channels of the U-Net which process this extra information were zero-initialized. - `512-inpainting-ema.ckpt`: Resumed from `512-base-ema.ckpt` and trained for another 200k steps. Follows the mask-generation strategy presented in [LAMA](https://github.com/saic-mdal/lama) which, in combination with the latent VAE representations of the masked image, are used as an additional conditioning. The additional input channels of the U-Net which process this extra information were zero-initialized. The same strategy was used to train the [1.5-inpainting checkpoint](https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-inpainting). - `x4-upscaling-ema.ckpt`: Trained for 1.25M steps on a 10M subset of LAION containing images `>2048x2048`. The model was trained on crops of size `512x512` and is a text-guided [latent upscaling diffusion model](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10752). In addition to the textual input, it receives a `noise_level` as an input parameter, which can be used to add noise to the low-resolution input according to a [predefined diffusion schedule](configs/stable-diffusion/x4-upscaling.yaml). - **Hardware:** 32 x 8 x A100 GPUs - **Optimizer:** AdamW - **Gradient Accumulations**: 1 - **Batch:** 32 x 8 x 2 x 4 = 2048 - **Learning rate:** warmup to 0.0001 for 10,000 steps and then kept constant ## Evaluation Results Evaluations with different classifier-free guidance scales (1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0) and 50 steps DDIM sampling steps show the relative improvements of the checkpoints:  Evaluated using 50 DDIM steps and 10000 random prompts from the COCO2017 validation set, evaluated at 512x512 resolution. Not optimized for FID scores. ## Environmental Impact **Stable Diffusion v1** **Estimated Emissions** Based on that information, we estimate the following CO2 emissions using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700). The hardware, runtime, cloud provider, and compute region were utilized to estimate the carbon impact. - **Hardware Type:** A100 PCIe 40GB - **Hours used:** 200000 - **Cloud Provider:** AWS - **Compute Region:** US-east - **Carbon Emitted (Power consumption x Time x Carbon produced based on location of power grid):** 15000 kg CO2 eq. ## Citation @InProceedings{Rombach_2022_CVPR, author = {Rombach, Robin and Blattmann, Andreas and Lorenz, Dominik and Esser, Patrick and Ommer, Bj\"orn}, title = {High-Resolution Image Synthesis With Latent Diffusion Models}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, month = {June}, year = {2022}, pages = {10684-10695} } *This model card was written by: Robin Rombach, Patrick Esser and David Ha and is based on the [Stable Diffusion v1](https://github.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion/blob/main/Stable_Diffusion_v1_Model_Card.md) and [DALL-E Mini model card](https://huggingface.co/dalle-mini/dalle-mini).*

deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2-Lite

deepseek-ai

transformers

text-generation

--- license: other license_name: deepseek license_link: https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2/blob/main/LICENSE-MODEL --- <!-- markdownlint-disable first-line-h1 --> <!-- markdownlint-disable html --> <!-- markdownlint-disable no-duplicate-header --> <div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2/blob/main/figures/logo.svg?raw=true" width="60%" alt="DeepSeek-V2" /> </div> <hr> <div align="center" style="line-height: 1;"> <a href="https://www.deepseek.com/" target="_blank" style="margin: 2px;"> <img alt="Homepage" src="https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2/blob/main/figures/badge.svg?raw=true" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/> </a> <a href="https://chat.deepseek.com/" target="_blank" style="margin: 2px;"> <img alt="Chat" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🤖%20Chat-DeepSeek%20V2-536af5?color=536af5&logoColor=white" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/> </a> <a href="https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai" target="_blank" style="margin: 2px;"> <img alt="Hugging Face" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Hugging%20Face-DeepSeek%20AI-ffc107?color=ffc107&logoColor=white" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/> </a> </div> <div align="center" style="line-height: 1;"> <a href="https://discord.gg/Tc7c45Zzu5" target="_blank" style="margin: 2px;"> <img alt="Discord" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Discord-DeepSeek%20AI-7289da?logo=discord&logoColor=white&color=7289da" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/> </a> <a href="https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2/blob/main/figures/qr.jpeg?raw=true" target="_blank" style="margin: 2px;"> <img alt="Wechat" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/WeChat-DeepSeek%20AI-brightgreen?logo=wechat&logoColor=white" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/deepseek_ai" target="_blank" style="margin: 2px;"> <img alt="Twitter Follow" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Twitter-deepseek_ai-white?logo=x&logoColor=white" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/> </a> </div> <div align="center" style="line-height: 1;"> <a href="https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2/blob/main/LICENSE-CODE" style="margin: 2px;"> <img alt="Code License" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Code_License-MIT-f5de53?&color=f5de53" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/> </a> <a href="https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2/blob/main/LICENSE-MODEL" style="margin: 2px;"> <img alt="Model License" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_License-Model_Agreement-f5de53?&color=f5de53" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/> </a> </div> <p align="center"> <a href="#2-model-downloads">Model Download</a> | <a href="#3-evaluation-results">Evaluation Results</a> | <a href="#4-model-architecture">Model Architecture</a> | <a href="#6-api-platform">API Platform</a> | <a href="#8-license">License</a> | <a href="#9-citation">Citation</a> </p> <p align="center"> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.04434"><b>Paper Link</b>👁️</a> </p> # DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model ## 1. Introduction Last week, the release and buzz around DeepSeek-V2 have ignited widespread interest in MLA (Multi-head Latent Attention)! Many in the community suggested open-sourcing a smaller MoE model for in-depth research. And now DeepSeek-V2-Lite comes out: - 16B total params, 2.4B active params, scratch training with 5.7T tokens - Outperforms 7B dense and 16B MoE on many English & Chinese benchmarks - Deployable on single 40G GPU, fine-tunable on 8x80G GPUs DeepSeek-V2, a strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model characterized by economical training and efficient inference. DeepSeek-V2 adopts innovative architectures including Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and DeepSeekMoE. MLA guarantees efficient inference through significantly compressing the Key-Value (KV) cache into a latent vector, while DeepSeekMoE enables training strong models at an economical cost through sparse computation. ## 2. News - 2024.05.16: We released the DeepSeek-V2-Lite. - 2024.05.06: We released the DeepSeek-V2. ## 3. Model Downloads With DeepSeek-V2, we are open-sourcing base and chat models across two sizes: <div align="center"> | **Model** | **#Total Params** | **#Activated Params** | **Context Length** | **Download** | | :------------: | :------------: | :------------: | :------------: | :------------: | | DeepSeek-V2-Lite | 16B | 2.4B | 32k | [🤗 HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2-Lite) | | DeepSeek-V2-Lite-Chat (SFT) | 16B | 2.4B | 32k | [🤗 HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2-Lite-Chat) | | DeepSeek-V2 | 236B | 21B | 128k | [🤗 HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2) | | DeepSeek-V2-Chat (RL) | 236B | 21B | 128k | [🤗 HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2-Chat) | </div> Due to the constraints of HuggingFace, the open-source code currently experiences slower performance than our internal codebase when running on GPUs with Huggingface. To facilitate the efficient execution of our model, we offer a dedicated vllm solution that optimizes performance for running our model effectively. ## 4. Evaluation Results ### Base Model #### Standard Benchmark <div align="center"> | **Benchmark** | **Domain** | **DeepSeek 7B (Dense)** | **DeepSeekMoE 16B** | **DeepSeek-V2-Lite (MoE-16B)** | |:-------------:|:----------:|:--------------:|:-----------------:|:--------------------------:| | **Architecture** | - | MHA+Dense | MHA+MoE | MLA+MoE | | **MMLU** | English | 48.2 | 45.0 | 58.3 | | **BBH** | English | 39.5 | 38.9 | 44.1 | | **C-Eval** | Chinese | 45.0 | 40.6 | 60.3 | | **CMMLU** | Chinese | 47.2 | 42.5 | 64.3 | | **HumanEval** | Code | 26.2 | 26.8 | 29.9 | | **MBPP** | Code | 39.0 | 39.2 | 43.2 | | **GSM8K** | Math | 17.4 | 18.8 | 41.1 | | **Math** | Math | 3.3 | 4.3 | 17.1 | </div> For more evaluation details, such as few-shot settings and prompts, please check our paper. ### Chat Model #### Standard Benchmark <div align="center"> | Benchmark | Domain | DeepSeek 7B Chat (SFT) | DeepSeekMoE 16B Chat (SFT) | DeepSeek-V2-Lite 16B Chat (SFT) | |:-----------:|:----------------:|:------------------:|:---------------:|:---------------------:| | **MMLU** | English | 49.7 | 47.2 | 55.7 | | **BBH** | English | 43.1 | 42.2 | 48.1 | | **C-Eval** | Chinese | 44.7 | 40.0 | 60.1 | | **CMMLU** | Chinese | 51.2 | 49.3 | 62.5 | | **HumanEval** | Code | 45.1 | 45.7 | 57.3 | | **MBPP** | Code | 39.0 | 46.2 | 45.8 | | **GSM8K** | Math | 62.6 | 62.2 | 72.0 | | **Math** | Math | 14.7 | 15.2 | 27.9 | </div> ## 5. Model Architecture DeepSeek-V2 adopts innovative architectures to guarantee economical training and efficient inference： - For attention, we design MLA (Multi-head Latent Attention), which utilizes low-rank key-value union compression to eliminate the bottleneck of inference-time key-value cache, thus supporting efficient inference. - For Feed-Forward Networks (FFNs), we adopt DeepSeekMoE architecture, a high-performance MoE architecture that enables training stronger models at lower costs. <p align="center"> <img width="90%" src="https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2/blob/main/figures/architecture.png?raw=true" /> </p> DeepSeek-V2-Lite has 27 layers and a hidden dimension of 2048. It also employs MLA and has 16 attention heads, where each head has a dimension of 128. Its KV compression dimension is 512, but slightly different from DeepSeek-V2, it does not compress the queries. For the decoupled queries and key, it has a per-head dimension of 64. DeepSeek-V2-Lite also employs DeepSeekMoE, and all FFNs except for the first layer are replaced with MoE layers. Each MoE layer consists of 2 shared experts and 64 routed experts, where the intermediate hidden dimension of each expert is 1408. Among the routed experts, 6 experts will be activated for each token. Under this configuration, DeepSeek-V2-Lite comprises 15.7B total parameters, of which 2.4B are activated for each token. ## 6. Training Details DeepSeek-V2-Lite is also trained from scratch on the same pre-training corpus of DeepSeek-V2, which is not polluted by any SFT data. It uses the AdamW optimizer with hyper-parameters set to $\beta_1=0.9$, $\beta_2=0.95$, and $\mathrm{weight_decay}=0.1$. The learning rate is scheduled using a warmup-and-step-decay strategy. Initially, the learning rate linearly increases from 0 to the maximum value during the first 2K steps. Subsequently, the learning rate is multiplied by 0.316 after training about 80% of tokens, and again by 0.316 after training about 90% of tokens. The maximum learning rate is set to $4.2 \times 10^{-4}$, and the gradient clipping norm is set to 1.0. We do not employ the batch size scheduling strategy for it, and it is trained with a constant batch size of 4608 sequences. During pre-training, we set the maximum sequence length to 4K, and train DeepSeek-V2-Lite on 5.7T tokens. We leverage pipeline parallelism to deploy different layers of it on different devices, but for each layer, all experts will be deployed on the same device. Therefore, we only employ a small expert-level balance loss with $\alpha_{1}=0.001$, and do not employ device-level balance loss and communication balance loss for it. After pre-training, we also perform long-context extension, SFT for DeepSeek-V2-Lite and get a chat model called DeepSeek-V2-Lite Chat. ## 7. How to run locally **To utilize DeepSeek-V2-Lite in BF16 format for inference, 40GB*1 GPU is required.** ### Inference with Huggingface's Transformers You can directly employ [Huggingface's Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) for model inference. #### Text Completion ```python import torch from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, GenerationConfig model_name = "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2-Lite" tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16).cuda() model.generation_config = GenerationConfig.from_pretrained(model_name) model.generation_config.pad_token_id = model.generation_config.eos_token_id text = "An attention function can be described as mapping a query and a set of key-value pairs to an output, where the query, keys, values, and output are all vectors. The output is" inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt") outputs = model.generate(**inputs.to(model.device), max_new_tokens=100) result = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True) print(result) ``` #### Chat Completion ```python import torch from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, GenerationConfig model_name = "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2-Lite-Chat" tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16).cuda() model.generation_config = GenerationConfig.from_pretrained(model_name) model.generation_config.pad_token_id = model.generation_config.eos_token_id messages = [ {"role": "user", "content": "Write a piece of quicksort code in C++"} ] input_tensor = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, add_generation_prompt=True, return_tensors="pt") outputs = model.generate(input_tensor.to(model.device), max_new_tokens=100) result = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][input_tensor.shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True) print(result) ``` The complete chat template can be found within `tokenizer_config.json` located in the huggingface model repository. An example of chat template is as belows: ```bash <｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>User: {user_message_1} Assistant: {assistant_message_1}<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>User: {user_message_2} Assistant: ``` You can also add an optional system message: ```bash <｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>{system_message} User: {user_message_1} Assistant: {assistant_message_1}<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>User: {user_message_2} Assistant: ``` ### Inference with vLLM (recommended) To utilize [vLLM](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm) for model inference, please merge this Pull Request into your vLLM codebase: https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/4650. ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams max_model_len, tp_size = 8192, 1 model_name = "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2-Lite-Chat" tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name) llm = LLM(model=model_name, tensor_parallel_size=tp_size, max_model_len=max_model_len, trust_remote_code=True, enforce_eager=True) sampling_params = SamplingParams(temperature=0.3, max_tokens=256, stop_token_ids=[tokenizer.eos_token_id]) messages_list = [ [{"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"}], [{"role": "user", "content": "Translate the following content into Chinese directly: DeepSeek-V2 adopts innovative architectures to guarantee economical training and efficient inference."}], [{"role": "user", "content": "Write a piece of quicksort code in C++."}], ] prompt_token_ids = [tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, add_generation_prompt=True) for messages in messages_list] outputs = llm.generate(prompt_token_ids=prompt_token_ids, sampling_params=sampling_params) generated_text = [output.outputs[0].text for output in outputs] print(generated_text) ``` ### LangChain Support Since our API is compatible with OpenAI, you can easily use it in [langchain](https://www.langchain.com/). Here is an example: ``` from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI llm = ChatOpenAI( model='deepseek-chat', openai_api_key=<your-deepseek-api-key>, openai_api_base='https://api.deepseek.com/v1', temperature=0.85, max_tokens=8000) ``` ## 8. License This code repository is licensed under [the MIT License](LICENSE-CODE). The use of DeepSeek-V2 Base/Chat models is subject to [the Model License](LICENSE-MODEL). DeepSeek-V2 series (including Base and Chat) supports commercial use. ## 9. Citation ``` @misc{deepseekv2, title={DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model}, author={DeepSeek-AI}, year={2024}, eprint={2405.04434}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ``` ## 10. Contact If you have any questions, please raise an issue or contact us at [[email protected]]([email protected]).

histai/hibou-L

histai

image-feature-extraction

--- license: apache-2.0 pipeline_tag: image-feature-extraction tags: - medical - pathology --- Hibou-L - a Foundational Vision Transformer for digital pathology pretrained on a 1.2B image private dataset using DINOv2 framework. For more information and examples of usage visit [https://github.com/HistAI/hibou](https://github.com/HistAI/hibou) and read the [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.05074). Hibou-B is also available at [https://huggingface.co/histai/hibou-b](https://huggingface.co/histai/hibou-b) Basic usage: ```python from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, AutoModel processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("histai/hibou-L", trust_remote_code=True) model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("histai/hibou-L", trust_remote_code=True) ``` We use a customized implementation of the DINOv2 architecture from the transformers library to add support for registers, which requires the `trust_remote_code=True` flag.

dmis-lab/biobert-v1.1

dmis-lab

transformers

feature-extraction

Entry not found

trl-internal-testing/tiny-random-LlamaForCausalLM

trl-internal-testing

transformers

text-generation

--- library_name: transformers tags: [] --- # Model Card for Model ID <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. --> ## Model Details ### Model Description <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. --> This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated. - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed] - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed] - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed] - **Model type:** [More Information Needed] - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed] - **License:** [More Information Needed] - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed] ### Model Sources [optional] <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. --> - **Repository:** [More Information Needed] - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed] - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed] ## Uses <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. --> ### Direct Use <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. --> [More Information Needed] ### Downstream Use [optional] <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app --> [More Information Needed] ### Out-of-Scope Use <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. --> [More Information Needed] ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. --> [More Information Needed] ### Recommendations <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. --> Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations. ## How to Get Started with the Model Use the code below to get started with the model. [More Information Needed] ## Training Details ### Training Data <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. --> [More Information Needed] ### Training Procedure <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. --> #### Preprocessing [optional] [More Information Needed] #### Training Hyperparameters - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision --> #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional] <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. --> [More Information Needed] ## Evaluation <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. --> ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics #### Testing Data <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. --> [More Information Needed] #### Factors <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. --> [More Information Needed] #### Metrics <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. --> [More Information Needed] ### Results [More Information Needed] #### Summary ## Model Examination [optional] <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here --> [More Information Needed] ## Environmental Impact <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly --> Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700). - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed] - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed] - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed] - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed] - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed] ## Technical Specifications [optional] ### Model Architecture and Objective [More Information Needed] ### Compute Infrastructure [More Information Needed] #### Hardware [More Information Needed] #### Software [More Information Needed] ## Citation [optional] <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. --> **BibTeX:** [More Information Needed] **APA:** [More Information Needed] ## Glossary [optional] <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. --> [More Information Needed] ## More Information [optional] [More Information Needed] ## Model Card Authors [optional] [More Information Needed] ## Model Card Contact [More Information Needed]

openai-community/gpt2-large

openai-community

transformers

text-generation

--- language: en license: mit --- # GPT-2 Large ## Table of Contents - [Model Details](#model-details) - [How To Get Started With the Model](#how-to-get-started-with-the-model) - [Uses](#uses) - [Risks, Limitations and Biases](#risks-limitations-and-biases) - [Training](#training) - [Evaluation](#evaluation) - [Environmental Impact](#environmental-impact) - [Technical Specifications](#technical-specifications) - [Citation Information](#citation-information) - [Model Card Authors](#model-card-author) ## Model Details **Model Description:** GPT-2 Large is the **774M parameter** version of GPT-2, a transformer-based language model created and released by OpenAI. The model is a pretrained model on English language using a causal language modeling (CLM) objective. - **Developed by:** OpenAI, see [associated research paper](https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf) and [GitHub repo](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2) for model developers. - **Model Type:** Transformer-based language model - **Language(s):** English - **License:** [Modified MIT License](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2/blob/master/LICENSE) - **Related Models:** [GPT-2](https://huggingface.co/gpt2), [GPT-Medium](https://huggingface.co/gpt2-medium) and [GPT-XL](https://huggingface.co/gpt2-xl) - **Resources for more information:** - [Research Paper](https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf) - [OpenAI Blog Post](https://openai.com/blog/better-language-models/) - [GitHub Repo](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2) - [OpenAI Model Card for GPT-2](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2/blob/master/model_card.md) - Test the full generation capabilities here: https://transformer.huggingface.co/doc/gpt2-large ## How to Get Started with the Model Use the code below to get started with the model. You can use this model directly with a pipeline for text generation. Since the generation relies on some randomness, we set a seed for reproducibility: ```python >>> from transformers import pipeline, set_seed >>> generator = pipeline('text-generation', model='gpt2-large') >>> set_seed(42) >>> generator("Hello, I'm a language model,", max_length=30, num_return_sequences=5) [{'generated_text': "Hello, I'm a language model, I can do language modeling. In fact, this is one of the reasons I use languages. To get a"}, {'generated_text': "Hello, I'm a language model, which in its turn implements a model of how a human can reason about a language, and is in turn an"}, {'generated_text': "Hello, I'm a language model, why does this matter for you?\n\nWhen I hear new languages, I tend to start thinking in terms"}, {'generated_text': "Hello, I'm a language model, a functional language...\n\nI don't need to know anything else. If I want to understand about how"}, {'generated_text': "Hello, I'm a language model, not a toolbox.\n\nIn a nutshell, a language model is a set of attributes that define how"}] ``` Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch: ```python from transformers import GPT2Tokenizer, GPT2Model tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained('gpt2-large') model = GPT2Model.from_pretrained('gpt2-large') text = "Replace me by any text you'd like." encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt') output = model(**encoded_input) ``` and in TensorFlow: ```python from transformers import GPT2Tokenizer, TFGPT2Model tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained('gpt2-large') model = TFGPT2Model.from_pretrained('gpt2-large') text = "Replace me by any text you'd like." encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf') output = model(encoded_input) ``` ## Uses #### Direct Use In their [model card about GPT-2](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2/blob/master/model_card.md), OpenAI wrote: > The primary intended users of these models are AI researchers and practitioners. > > We primarily imagine these language models will be used by researchers to better understand the behaviors, capabilities, biases, and constraints of large-scale generative language models. #### Downstream Use In their [model card about GPT-2](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2/blob/master/model_card.md), OpenAI wrote: > Here are some secondary use cases we believe are likely: > > - Writing assistance: Grammar assistance, autocompletion (for normal prose or code) > - Creative writing and art: exploring the generation of creative, fictional texts; aiding creation of poetry and other literary art. > - Entertainment: Creation of games, chat bots, and amusing generations. #### Misuse and Out-of-scope Use In their [model card about GPT-2](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2/blob/master/model_card.md), OpenAI wrote: > Because large-scale language models like GPT-2 do not distinguish fact from fiction, we don’t support use-cases that require the generated text to be true. > > Additionally, language models like GPT-2 reflect the biases inherent to the systems they were trained on, so we do not recommend that they be deployed into systems that interact with humans unless the deployers first carry out a study of biases relevant to the intended use-case. We found no statistically significant difference in gender, race, and religious bias probes between 774M and 1.5B, implying all versions of GPT-2 should be approached with similar levels of caution around use cases that are sensitive to biases around human attributes. ## Risks, Limitations and Biases **CONTENT WARNING: Readers should be aware this section contains content that is disturbing, offensive, and can propogate historical and current stereotypes.** Significant research has explored bias and fairness issues with language models (see, e.g., [Sheng et al. (2021)](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.330.pdf) and [Bender et al. (2021)](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3442188.3445922)). The training data used for this model has not been released as a dataset one can browse. We know it contains a lot of unfiltered content from the internet, which is far from neutral. Predictions generated by the model can include disturbing and harmful stereotypes across protected classes; identity characteristics; and sensitive, social, and occupational groups. For example: ```python >>> from transformers import pipeline, set_seed >>> generator = pipeline('text-generation', model='gpt2-large') >>> set_seed(42) >>> generator("The man worked as a", max_length=10, num_return_sequences=5) [{'generated_text': 'The man worked as a security guard in a hotel'}, {'generated_text': 'The man worked as a salesman in Mexico and in'}, {'generated_text': 'The man worked as a supervisor at the warehouse for'}, {'generated_text': "The man worked as a cleaner for the store's"}, {'generated_text': 'The man worked as a barbershop apprentice.'}] >>> set_seed(42) >>> generator("The woman worked as a", max_length=10, num_return_sequences=5) [{'generated_text': 'The woman worked as a clerk at the bank.'}, {'generated_text': 'The woman worked as a caregiver, and her'}, {'generated_text': 'The woman worked as a customer service agent for a'}, {'generated_text': 'The woman worked as a cleaner at the store,'}, {'generated_text': 'The woman worked as a barista and was "'}] ``` This bias will also affect all fine-tuned versions of this model. Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. ## Training #### Training Data The OpenAI team wanted to train this model on a corpus as large as possible. To build it, they scraped all the web pages from outbound links on Reddit which received at least 3 karma. Note that all Wikipedia pages were removed from this dataset, so the model was not trained on any part of Wikipedia. The resulting dataset (called WebText) weights 40GB of texts but has not been publicly released. You can find a list of the top 1,000 domains present in WebText [here](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2/blob/master/domains.txt). #### Training Procedure The model is pretrained on a very large corpus of English data in a self-supervised fashion. This means it was pretrained on the raw texts only, with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it can use lots of publicly available data) with an automatic process to generate inputs and labels from those texts. More precisely, it was trained to guess the next word in sentences. More precisely, inputs are sequences of continuous text of a certain length and the targets are the same sequence, shifted one token (word or piece of word) to the right. The model uses internally a mask-mechanism to make sure the predictions for the token `i` only uses the inputs from `1` to `i` but not the future tokens. This way, the model learns an inner representation of the English language that can then be used to extract features useful for downstream tasks. The texts are tokenized using a byte-level version of Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) (for unicode characters) and a vocabulary size of 50,257. The inputs are sequences of 1024 consecutive tokens. ## Evaluation The following evaluation information is extracted from the [associated paper](https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf). #### Testing Data, Factors and Metrics The model authors write in the [associated paper](https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf) that: > Since our model operates on a byte level and does not require lossy pre-processing or tokenization, we can evaluate it on any language model benchmark. Results on language modeling datasets are commonly reported in a quantity which is a scaled or ex- ponentiated version of the average negative log probability per canonical prediction unit - usually a character, a byte, or a word. We evaluate the same quantity by computing the log-probability of a dataset according to a WebText LM and dividing by the number of canonical units. For many of these datasets, WebText LMs would be tested significantly out- of-distribution, having to predict aggressively standardized text, tokenization artifacts such as disconnected punctuation and contractions, shuffled sentences, and even the string <UNK> which is extremely rare in WebText - occurring only 26 times in 40 billion bytes. We report our main results...using invertible de-tokenizers which remove as many of these tokenization / pre-processing artifacts as possible. Since these de-tokenizers are invertible, we can still calculate the log probability of a dataset and they can be thought of as a simple form of domain adaptation. #### Results The model achieves the following results without any fine-tuning (zero-shot): | Dataset | LAMBADA | LAMBADA | CBT-CN | CBT-NE | WikiText2 | PTB | enwiki8 | text8 | WikiText103 | 1BW | |:--------:|:-------:|:-------:|:------:|:------:|:---------:|:------:|:-------:|:------:|:-----------:|:-----:| | (metric) | (PPL) | (ACC) | (ACC) | (ACC) | (PPL) | (PPL) | (BPB) | (BPC) | (PPL) | (PPL) | | | 10.87 | 60.12 | 93.45 | 88.0 | 19.93 | 40.31 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 22.05 | 44.575| ## Environmental Impact Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700). - **Hardware Type:** Unknown - **Hours used:** Unknown - **Cloud Provider:** Unknown - **Compute Region:** Unknown - **Carbon Emitted:** Unknown ## Technical Specifications See the [associated paper](https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf) for details on the modeling architecture, objective, compute infrastructure, and training details. ## Citation Information ```bibtex @article{radford2019language, title={Language models are unsupervised multitask learners}, author={Radford, Alec and Wu, Jeffrey and Child, Rewon and Luan, David and Amodei, Dario and Sutskever, Ilya and others}, journal={OpenAI blog}, volume={1}, number={8}, pages={9}, year={2019} } ``` ## Model Card Authors This model card was written by the Hugging Face team.

Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5

Alibaba-NLP

transformers

sentence-similarity

--- library_name: transformers tags: - sentence-transformers - gte - mteb - transformers.js - sentence-similarity license: apache-2.0 language: - en model-index: - name: gte-base-en-v1.5 results: - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 74.7910447761194 - type: ap value: 37.053785713650626 - type: f1 value: 68.51101510998551 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_polarity name: MTEB AmazonPolarityClassification config: default split: test revision: e2d317d38cd51312af73b3d32a06d1a08b442046 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 93.016875 - type: ap value: 89.17750268426342 - type: f1 value: 92.9970977240524 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 53.312000000000005 - type: f1 value: 52.98175784163017 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/arguana name: MTEB ArguAna config: default split: test revision: c22ab2a51041ffd869aaddef7af8d8215647e41a metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 38.193 - type: map_at_10 value: 54.848 - type: map_at_100 value: 55.388000000000005 - type: map_at_1000 value: 55.388999999999996 - type: map_at_3 value: 50.427 - type: map_at_5 value: 53.105000000000004 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 39.047 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 55.153 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 55.686 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 55.688 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 50.676 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 53.417 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 38.193 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 63.486 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 65.58 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 65.61 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 54.494 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 59.339 - type: precision_at_1 value: 38.193 - type: precision_at_10 value: 9.075 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.9939999999999999 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.1 - type: precision_at_3 value: 22.096 - type: precision_at_5 value: 15.619 - type: recall_at_1 value: 38.193 - type: recall_at_10 value: 90.754 - type: recall_at_100 value: 99.431 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 99.644 - type: recall_at_3 value: 66.28699999999999 - type: recall_at_5 value: 78.094 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/arxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB ArxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: a122ad7f3f0291bf49cc6f4d32aa80929df69d5d metrics: - type: v_measure value: 47.508221208908964 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/arxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB ArxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: f910caf1a6075f7329cdf8c1a6135696f37dbd53 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 42.04668382560096 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/askubuntudupquestions-reranking name: MTEB AskUbuntuDupQuestions config: default split: test revision: 2000358ca161889fa9c082cb41daa8dcfb161a54 metrics: - type: map value: 61.828759903716815 - type: mrr value: 74.37343358395991 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/biosses-sts name: MTEB BIOSSES config: default split: test revision: d3fb88f8f02e40887cd149695127462bbcf29b4a metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 85.03673698773017 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 83.6470866785058 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 82.64048673096565 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 83.63142367101115 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 82.71493099760228 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 83.60491704294326 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/banking77 name: MTEB Banking77Classification config: default split: test revision: 0fd18e25b25c072e09e0d92ab615fda904d66300 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 86.73376623376623 - type: f1 value: 86.70294049278262 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/biorxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB BiorxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: 65b79d1d13f80053f67aca9498d9402c2d9f1f40 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 40.31923804167062 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/biorxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB BiorxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: 258694dd0231531bc1fd9de6ceb52a0853c6d908 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 37.552547125348454 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-android name: MTEB CQADupstackAndroidRetrieval config: default split: test revision: f46a197baaae43b4f621051089b82a364682dfeb metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 30.567 - type: map_at_10 value: 41.269 - type: map_at_100 value: 42.689 - type: map_at_1000 value: 42.84 - type: map_at_3 value: 37.567 - type: map_at_5 value: 39.706 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 37.053000000000004 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 46.900999999999996 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 47.662 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 47.713 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 43.801 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 45.689 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 37.053000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 47.73 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 53.128 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 55.300000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 42.046 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 44.782 - type: precision_at_1 value: 37.053000000000004 - type: precision_at_10 value: 9.142 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.485 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.197 - type: precision_at_3 value: 20.076 - type: precision_at_5 value: 14.535 - type: recall_at_1 value: 30.567 - type: recall_at_10 value: 60.602999999999994 - type: recall_at_100 value: 83.22800000000001 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 96.696 - type: recall_at_3 value: 44.336999999999996 - type: recall_at_5 value: 51.949 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-english name: MTEB CQADupstackEnglishRetrieval config: default split: test revision: ad9991cb51e31e31e430383c75ffb2885547b5f0 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 28.538000000000004 - type: map_at_10 value: 38.757999999999996 - type: map_at_100 value: 40.129 - type: map_at_1000 value: 40.262 - type: map_at_3 value: 35.866 - type: map_at_5 value: 37.417 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 36.051 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 44.868 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 45.568999999999996 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 45.615 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 42.558 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 43.883 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 36.051 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 44.584 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 49.356 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 51.39 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 40.389 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 42.14 - type: precision_at_1 value: 36.051 - type: precision_at_10 value: 8.446 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.411 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.19 - type: precision_at_3 value: 19.639 - type: precision_at_5 value: 13.796 - type: recall_at_1 value: 28.538000000000004 - type: recall_at_10 value: 54.99000000000001 - type: recall_at_100 value: 75.098 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 87.848 - type: recall_at_3 value: 42.236000000000004 - type: recall_at_5 value: 47.377 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-gaming name: MTEB CQADupstackGamingRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 4885aa143210c98657558c04aaf3dc47cfb54340 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 37.188 - type: map_at_10 value: 50.861000000000004 - type: map_at_100 value: 51.917 - type: map_at_1000 value: 51.964999999999996 - type: map_at_3 value: 47.144000000000005 - type: map_at_5 value: 49.417 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 42.571 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 54.086999999999996 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 54.739000000000004 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 54.762 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 51.285000000000004 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 53.0 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 42.571 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 57.282 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 61.477000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 62.426 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 51.0 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 54.346000000000004 - type: precision_at_1 value: 42.571 - type: precision_at_10 value: 9.467 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.2550000000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.13799999999999998 - type: precision_at_3 value: 23.114 - type: precision_at_5 value: 16.250999999999998 - type: recall_at_1 value: 37.188 - type: recall_at_10 value: 73.068 - type: recall_at_100 value: 91.203 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 97.916 - type: recall_at_3 value: 56.552 - type: recall_at_5 value: 64.567 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-gis name: MTEB CQADupstackGisRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 5003b3064772da1887988e05400cf3806fe491f2 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 25.041000000000004 - type: map_at_10 value: 33.86 - type: map_at_100 value: 34.988 - type: map_at_1000 value: 35.064 - type: map_at_3 value: 31.049 - type: map_at_5 value: 32.845 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 26.893 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 35.594 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 36.617 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 36.671 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 33.051 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 34.61 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 26.893 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 38.674 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 44.178 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 46.089999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 33.485 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 36.402 - type: precision_at_1 value: 26.893 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.989 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.918 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.11100000000000002 - type: precision_at_3 value: 14.2 - type: precision_at_5 value: 10.26 - type: recall_at_1 value: 25.041000000000004 - type: recall_at_10 value: 51.666000000000004 - type: recall_at_100 value: 76.896 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 91.243 - type: recall_at_3 value: 38.035999999999994 - type: recall_at_5 value: 44.999 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-mathematica name: MTEB CQADupstackMathematicaRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 90fceea13679c63fe563ded68f3b6f06e50061de metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 15.909999999999998 - type: map_at_10 value: 23.901 - type: map_at_100 value: 25.165 - type: map_at_1000 value: 25.291000000000004 - type: map_at_3 value: 21.356 - type: map_at_5 value: 22.816 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 20.025000000000002 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 28.382 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 29.465000000000003 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 29.535 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 25.933 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 27.332 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 20.025000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 29.099000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 35.127 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 38.096000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 24.464 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 26.709 - type: precision_at_1 value: 20.025000000000002 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.398 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.9690000000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.13699999999999998 - type: precision_at_3 value: 11.774 - type: precision_at_5 value: 8.632 - type: recall_at_1 value: 15.909999999999998 - type: recall_at_10 value: 40.672000000000004 - type: recall_at_100 value: 66.855 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 87.922 - type: recall_at_3 value: 28.069 - type: recall_at_5 value: 33.812 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-physics name: MTEB CQADupstackPhysicsRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 79531abbd1fb92d06c6d6315a0cbbbf5bb247ea4 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 30.175 - type: map_at_10 value: 41.36 - type: map_at_100 value: 42.701 - type: map_at_1000 value: 42.817 - type: map_at_3 value: 37.931 - type: map_at_5 value: 39.943 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 35.611 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 46.346 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 47.160000000000004 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 47.203 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 43.712 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 45.367000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 35.611 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 47.532000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 53.003 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 55.007 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 42.043 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 44.86 - type: precision_at_1 value: 35.611 - type: precision_at_10 value: 8.624 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.332 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.169 - type: precision_at_3 value: 20.083000000000002 - type: precision_at_5 value: 14.437 - type: recall_at_1 value: 30.175 - type: recall_at_10 value: 60.5 - type: recall_at_100 value: 83.399 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 96.255 - type: recall_at_3 value: 45.448 - type: recall_at_5 value: 52.432 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-programmers name: MTEB CQADupstackProgrammersRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 6184bc1440d2dbc7612be22b50686b8826d22b32 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 22.467000000000002 - type: map_at_10 value: 33.812999999999995 - type: map_at_100 value: 35.248000000000005 - type: map_at_1000 value: 35.359 - type: map_at_3 value: 30.316 - type: map_at_5 value: 32.233000000000004 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 28.310999999999996 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 38.979 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 39.937 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 39.989999999999995 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 36.244 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 37.871 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 28.310999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 40.282000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 46.22 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 48.507 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 34.596 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 37.267 - type: precision_at_1 value: 28.310999999999996 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.831 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.257 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.164 - type: precision_at_3 value: 17.275 - type: precision_at_5 value: 12.556999999999999 - type: recall_at_1 value: 22.467000000000002 - type: recall_at_10 value: 54.14099999999999 - type: recall_at_100 value: 79.593 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 95.063 - type: recall_at_3 value: 38.539 - type: recall_at_5 value: 45.403 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 4ffe81d471b1924886b33c7567bfb200e9eec5c4 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 24.18591666666667 - type: map_at_10 value: 33.84258333333333 - type: map_at_100 value: 35.11391666666666 - type: map_at_1000 value: 35.23258333333333 - type: map_at_3 value: 30.764249999999997 - type: map_at_5 value: 32.52333333333334 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 28.54733333333333 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 37.81725 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 38.716499999999996 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 38.77458333333333 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 35.157833333333336 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 36.69816666666667 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 28.54733333333333 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 39.51508333333334 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 44.95316666666666 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 47.257083333333334 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 34.205833333333324 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 36.78266666666667 - type: precision_at_1 value: 28.54733333333333 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.082583333333334 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.1590833333333332 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.15516666666666662 - type: precision_at_3 value: 15.908750000000001 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.505416666666669 - type: recall_at_1 value: 24.18591666666667 - type: recall_at_10 value: 52.38758333333333 - type: recall_at_100 value: 76.13666666666667 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 91.99066666666667 - type: recall_at_3 value: 37.78333333333334 - type: recall_at_5 value: 44.30141666666666 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-stats name: MTEB CQADupstackStatsRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 65ac3a16b8e91f9cee4c9828cc7c335575432a2a metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 21.975 - type: map_at_10 value: 29.781000000000002 - type: map_at_100 value: 30.847 - type: map_at_1000 value: 30.94 - type: map_at_3 value: 27.167 - type: map_at_5 value: 28.633999999999997 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 24.387 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 32.476 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 33.337 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 33.403 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 29.881999999999998 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 31.339 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 24.387 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 34.596 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 39.635 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 42.079 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 29.516 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 31.959 - type: precision_at_1 value: 24.387 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.6129999999999995 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.8909999999999999 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.117 - type: precision_at_3 value: 12.73 - type: precision_at_5 value: 9.171999999999999 - type: recall_at_1 value: 21.975 - type: recall_at_10 value: 46.826 - type: recall_at_100 value: 69.554 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 87.749 - type: recall_at_3 value: 33.016 - type: recall_at_5 value: 38.97 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-tex name: MTEB CQADupstackTexRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 46989137a86843e03a6195de44b09deda022eec7 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 15.614 - type: map_at_10 value: 22.927 - type: map_at_100 value: 24.185000000000002 - type: map_at_1000 value: 24.319 - type: map_at_3 value: 20.596 - type: map_at_5 value: 21.854000000000003 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 18.858 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 26.535999999999998 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 27.582 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 27.665 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 24.295 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 25.532 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 18.858 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 27.583000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 33.635 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 36.647 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 23.348 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 25.257 - type: precision_at_1 value: 18.858 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.158 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.964 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.13999999999999999 - type: precision_at_3 value: 11.092 - type: precision_at_5 value: 8.1 - type: recall_at_1 value: 15.614 - type: recall_at_10 value: 37.916 - type: recall_at_100 value: 65.205 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 86.453 - type: recall_at_3 value: 26.137 - type: recall_at_5 value: 31.087999999999997 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-unix name: MTEB CQADupstackUnixRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 6c6430d3a6d36f8d2a829195bc5dc94d7e063e53 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 23.078000000000003 - type: map_at_10 value: 31.941999999999997 - type: map_at_100 value: 33.196999999999996 - type: map_at_1000 value: 33.303 - type: map_at_3 value: 28.927000000000003 - type: map_at_5 value: 30.707 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 26.866 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 35.557 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 36.569 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 36.632 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 32.897999999999996 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 34.437 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 26.866 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 37.372 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 43.248 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 45.632 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 31.852999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 34.582 - type: precision_at_1 value: 26.866 - type: precision_at_10 value: 6.511 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.078 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.13899999999999998 - type: precision_at_3 value: 14.582999999999998 - type: precision_at_5 value: 10.634 - type: recall_at_1 value: 23.078000000000003 - type: recall_at_10 value: 50.334 - type: recall_at_100 value: 75.787 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 92.485 - type: recall_at_3 value: 35.386 - type: recall_at_5 value: 42.225 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-webmasters name: MTEB CQADupstackWebmastersRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 160c094312a0e1facb97e55eeddb698c0abe3571 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 22.203999999999997 - type: map_at_10 value: 31.276 - type: map_at_100 value: 32.844 - type: map_at_1000 value: 33.062999999999995 - type: map_at_3 value: 27.733999999999998 - type: map_at_5 value: 29.64 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 27.272999999999996 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 36.083 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 37.008 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 37.076 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 33.004 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 34.664 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 27.272999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 37.763000000000005 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 43.566 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 46.356 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 31.673000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 34.501 - type: precision_at_1 value: 27.272999999999996 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.470000000000001 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.502 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.24 - type: precision_at_3 value: 14.756 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.225 - type: recall_at_1 value: 22.203999999999997 - type: recall_at_10 value: 51.437999999999995 - type: recall_at_100 value: 76.845 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 94.38600000000001 - type: recall_at_3 value: 34.258 - type: recall_at_5 value: 41.512 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/cqadupstack-wordpress name: MTEB CQADupstackWordpressRetrieval config: default split: test revision: 4ffe81d471b1924886b33c7567bfb200e9eec5c4 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 17.474 - type: map_at_10 value: 26.362999999999996 - type: map_at_100 value: 27.456999999999997 - type: map_at_1000 value: 27.567999999999998 - type: map_at_3 value: 23.518 - type: map_at_5 value: 25.068 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 18.669 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 27.998 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 28.953 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 29.03 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 25.230999999999998 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 26.654 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 18.669 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 31.684 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 36.864999999999995 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 39.555 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 26.057000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 28.587 - type: precision_at_1 value: 18.669 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.3420000000000005 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.847 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.12 - type: precision_at_3 value: 11.583 - type: precision_at_5 value: 8.466 - type: recall_at_1 value: 17.474 - type: recall_at_10 value: 46.497 - type: recall_at_100 value: 69.977 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 89.872 - type: recall_at_3 value: 31.385999999999996 - type: recall_at_5 value: 37.283 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/climate-fever name: MTEB ClimateFEVER config: default split: test revision: 47f2ac6acb640fc46020b02a5b59fdda04d39380 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 17.173 - type: map_at_10 value: 30.407 - type: map_at_100 value: 32.528 - type: map_at_1000 value: 32.698 - type: map_at_3 value: 25.523 - type: map_at_5 value: 28.038 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 38.958 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 51.515 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 52.214000000000006 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 52.237 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 48.502 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 50.251000000000005 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 38.958 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 40.355000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 47.68 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 50.370000000000005 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 33.946 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 36.057 - type: precision_at_1 value: 38.958 - type: precision_at_10 value: 12.508 - type: precision_at_100 value: 2.054 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.256 - type: precision_at_3 value: 25.581 - type: precision_at_5 value: 19.256999999999998 - type: recall_at_1 value: 17.173 - type: recall_at_10 value: 46.967 - type: recall_at_100 value: 71.47200000000001 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 86.238 - type: recall_at_3 value: 30.961 - type: recall_at_5 value: 37.539 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/dbpedia name: MTEB DBPedia config: default split: test revision: c0f706b76e590d620bd6618b3ca8efdd34e2d659 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 8.999 - type: map_at_10 value: 18.989 - type: map_at_100 value: 26.133 - type: map_at_1000 value: 27.666 - type: map_at_3 value: 13.918 - type: map_at_5 value: 16.473 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 66.25 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 74.161 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 74.516 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 74.524 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 72.875 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 73.613 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 54.37499999999999 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 39.902 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 44.212 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 51.62 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 45.193 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 42.541000000000004 - type: precision_at_1 value: 66.25 - type: precision_at_10 value: 30.425 - type: precision_at_100 value: 9.754999999999999 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 2.043 - type: precision_at_3 value: 48.25 - type: precision_at_5 value: 40.65 - type: recall_at_1 value: 8.999 - type: recall_at_10 value: 24.133 - type: recall_at_100 value: 49.138999999999996 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 72.639 - type: recall_at_3 value: 15.287999999999998 - type: recall_at_5 value: 19.415 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/emotion name: MTEB EmotionClassification config: default split: test revision: 4f58c6b202a23cf9a4da393831edf4f9183cad37 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 46.38999999999999 - type: f1 value: 41.444205512055234 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/fever name: MTEB FEVER config: default split: test revision: bea83ef9e8fb933d90a2f1d5515737465d613e12 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 87.35000000000001 - type: map_at_10 value: 92.837 - type: map_at_100 value: 92.996 - type: map_at_1000 value: 93.006 - type: map_at_3 value: 92.187 - type: map_at_5 value: 92.595 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 93.864 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 96.723 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 96.72500000000001 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 96.72500000000001 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 96.64 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 96.71499999999999 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 93.864 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 94.813 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 95.243 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 95.38600000000001 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 94.196 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 94.521 - type: precision_at_1 value: 93.864 - type: precision_at_10 value: 10.951 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.1400000000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.117 - type: precision_at_3 value: 35.114000000000004 - type: precision_at_5 value: 21.476 - type: recall_at_1 value: 87.35000000000001 - type: recall_at_10 value: 96.941 - type: recall_at_100 value: 98.397 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 99.21600000000001 - type: recall_at_3 value: 95.149 - type: recall_at_5 value: 96.131 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/fiqa name: MTEB FiQA2018 config: default split: test revision: 27a168819829fe9bcd655c2df245fb19452e8e06 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 24.476 - type: map_at_10 value: 40.11 - type: map_at_100 value: 42.229 - type: map_at_1000 value: 42.378 - type: map_at_3 value: 34.512 - type: map_at_5 value: 38.037 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 47.839999999999996 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 57.053 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 57.772 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 57.799 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 54.552 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 56.011 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 47.839999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 48.650999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 55.681000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 57.979 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 43.923 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 46.037 - type: precision_at_1 value: 47.839999999999996 - type: precision_at_10 value: 13.395000000000001 - type: precision_at_100 value: 2.0660000000000003 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.248 - type: precision_at_3 value: 29.064 - type: precision_at_5 value: 22.006 - type: recall_at_1 value: 24.476 - type: recall_at_10 value: 56.216 - type: recall_at_100 value: 81.798 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 95.48299999999999 - type: recall_at_3 value: 39.357 - type: recall_at_5 value: 47.802 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/hotpotqa name: MTEB HotpotQA config: default split: test revision: ab518f4d6fcca38d87c25209f94beba119d02014 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 42.728 - type: map_at_10 value: 57.737 - type: map_at_100 value: 58.531 - type: map_at_1000 value: 58.594 - type: map_at_3 value: 54.869 - type: map_at_5 value: 56.55 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 85.456 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 90.062 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 90.159 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 90.16 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 89.37899999999999 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 89.81 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 85.456 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 67.755 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 70.341 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 71.538 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 63.735 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 65.823 - type: precision_at_1 value: 85.456 - type: precision_at_10 value: 13.450000000000001 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.545 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.16999999999999998 - type: precision_at_3 value: 38.861000000000004 - type: precision_at_5 value: 24.964 - type: recall_at_1 value: 42.728 - type: recall_at_10 value: 67.252 - type: recall_at_100 value: 77.265 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 85.246 - type: recall_at_3 value: 58.292 - type: recall_at_5 value: 62.41100000000001 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/imdb name: MTEB ImdbClassification config: default split: test revision: 3d86128a09e091d6018b6d26cad27f2739fc2db7 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 87.4836 - type: ap value: 82.29552224030336 - type: f1 value: 87.42791432227448 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/msmarco name: MTEB MSMARCO config: default split: dev revision: c5a29a104738b98a9e76336939199e264163d4a0 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 23.015 - type: map_at_10 value: 35.621 - type: map_at_100 value: 36.809 - type: map_at_1000 value: 36.853 - type: map_at_3 value: 31.832 - type: map_at_5 value: 34.006 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 23.738999999999997 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 36.309999999999995 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 37.422 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 37.461 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 32.592999999999996 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 34.736 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 23.724999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 42.617 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 48.217999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 49.309 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 34.905 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 38.769 - type: precision_at_1 value: 23.724999999999998 - type: precision_at_10 value: 6.689 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.9480000000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.104 - type: precision_at_3 value: 14.89 - type: precision_at_5 value: 10.897 - type: recall_at_1 value: 23.015 - type: recall_at_10 value: 64.041 - type: recall_at_100 value: 89.724 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 98.00999999999999 - type: recall_at_3 value: 43.064 - type: recall_at_5 value: 52.31099999999999 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/mtop_domain name: MTEB MTOPDomainClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: d80d48c1eb48d3562165c59d59d0034df9fff0bf metrics: - type: accuracy value: 96.49794801641588 - type: f1 value: 96.28931114498003 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/mtop_intent name: MTEB MTOPIntentClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: ae001d0e6b1228650b7bd1c2c65fb50ad11a8aba metrics: - type: accuracy value: 82.81121751025992 - type: f1 value: 63.18740125901853 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_massive_intent name: MTEB MassiveIntentClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: 31efe3c427b0bae9c22cbb560b8f15491cc6bed7 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 77.66644250168123 - type: f1 value: 74.93211186867839 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_massive_scenario name: MTEB MassiveScenarioClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: 7d571f92784cd94a019292a1f45445077d0ef634 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 81.77202420981843 - type: f1 value: 81.63681969283554 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/medrxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB MedrxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: e7a26af6f3ae46b30dde8737f02c07b1505bcc73 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 34.596687684870645 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/medrxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB MedrxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: 35191c8c0dca72d8ff3efcd72aa802307d469663 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 32.26965660101405 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/mind_small name: MTEB MindSmallReranking config: default split: test revision: 3bdac13927fdc888b903db93b2ffdbd90b295a69 metrics: - type: map value: 31.33619694846802 - type: mrr value: 32.53719657720334 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/nfcorpus name: MTEB NFCorpus config: default split: test revision: ec0fa4fe99da2ff19ca1214b7966684033a58814 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 6.0729999999999995 - type: map_at_10 value: 13.245999999999999 - type: map_at_100 value: 16.747999999999998 - type: map_at_1000 value: 18.163 - type: map_at_3 value: 10.064 - type: map_at_5 value: 11.513 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 49.536 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 58.092 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 58.752 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 58.78 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 56.398 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 57.389 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 47.059 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 35.881 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 32.751999999999995 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 41.498000000000005 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 42.518 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 39.550999999999995 - type: precision_at_1 value: 49.536 - type: precision_at_10 value: 26.316 - type: precision_at_100 value: 8.084 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 2.081 - type: precision_at_3 value: 39.938 - type: precision_at_5 value: 34.056 - type: recall_at_1 value: 6.0729999999999995 - type: recall_at_10 value: 16.593 - type: recall_at_100 value: 32.883 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 64.654 - type: recall_at_3 value: 11.174000000000001 - type: recall_at_5 value: 13.528 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/nq name: MTEB NQ config: default split: test revision: b774495ed302d8c44a3a7ea25c90dbce03968f31 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 30.043 - type: map_at_10 value: 45.318999999999996 - type: map_at_100 value: 46.381 - type: map_at_1000 value: 46.412 - type: map_at_3 value: 40.941 - type: map_at_5 value: 43.662 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 33.98 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 47.870000000000005 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 48.681999999999995 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 48.703 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 44.341 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 46.547 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 33.98 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 52.957 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 57.434 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 58.103 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 44.896 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 49.353 - type: precision_at_1 value: 33.98 - type: precision_at_10 value: 8.786 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.1280000000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.11900000000000001 - type: precision_at_3 value: 20.577 - type: precision_at_5 value: 14.942 - type: recall_at_1 value: 30.043 - type: recall_at_10 value: 73.593 - type: recall_at_100 value: 93.026 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 97.943 - type: recall_at_3 value: 52.955 - type: recall_at_5 value: 63.132 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/quora name: MTEB QuoraRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 70.808 - type: map_at_10 value: 84.675 - type: map_at_100 value: 85.322 - type: map_at_1000 value: 85.33800000000001 - type: map_at_3 value: 81.68900000000001 - type: map_at_5 value: 83.543 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 81.5 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 87.59700000000001 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 87.705 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 87.70599999999999 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 86.607 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 87.289 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 81.51 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 88.41799999999999 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 89.644 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 89.725 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 85.49900000000001 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 87.078 - type: precision_at_1 value: 81.51 - type: precision_at_10 value: 13.438 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.532 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.157 - type: precision_at_3 value: 37.363 - type: precision_at_5 value: 24.57 - type: recall_at_1 value: 70.808 - type: recall_at_10 value: 95.575 - type: recall_at_100 value: 99.667 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 99.98899999999999 - type: recall_at_3 value: 87.223 - type: recall_at_5 value: 91.682 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/reddit-clustering name: MTEB RedditClustering config: default split: test revision: 24640382cdbf8abc73003fb0fa6d111a705499eb metrics: - 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task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/stsbenchmark-sts name: MTEB STSBenchmark config: default split: test revision: b0fddb56ed78048fa8b90373c8a3cfc37b684831 metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 86.13178592019887 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 86.03947178806887 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 85.87029414285313 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 86.04960843306998 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 85.92946858580146 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 86.12575341860442 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/scidocs-reranking name: MTEB SciDocsRR config: default split: test revision: d3c5e1fc0b855ab6097bf1cda04dd73947d7caab metrics: - type: map value: 85.16657063002837 - type: mrr value: 95.73671063867141 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/scifact name: MTEB SciFact config: default split: test revision: 0228b52cf27578f30900b9e5271d331663a030d7 metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 63.510999999999996 - type: map_at_10 value: 72.76899999999999 - type: map_at_100 value: 73.303 - type: map_at_1000 value: 73.32499999999999 - 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task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/stackexchange-clustering name: MTEB StackExchangeClustering config: default split: test revision: 6cbc1f7b2bc0622f2e39d2c77fa502909748c259 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 68.93190546593995 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/stackexchange-clustering-p2p name: MTEB StackExchangeClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: 815ca46b2622cec33ccafc3735d572c266efdb44 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 37.602808534760655 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/stackoverflowdupquestions-reranking name: MTEB StackOverflowDupQuestions config: default split: test revision: e185fbe320c72810689fc5848eb6114e1ef5ec69 metrics: - type: map value: 52.29214480978073 - type: mrr value: 53.123169722434426 - task: type: Summarization dataset: type: mteb/summeval name: MTEB SummEval config: default split: test revision: cda12ad7615edc362dbf25a00fdd61d3b1eaf93c metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 30.967800769650022 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 31.168490040206926 - 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type: precision_at_3 value: 77.333 - type: precision_at_5 value: 78.0 - type: recall_at_1 value: 0.22300000000000003 - type: recall_at_10 value: 2.049 - type: recall_at_100 value: 13.553 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 46.367999999999995 - type: recall_at_3 value: 0.604 - type: recall_at_5 value: 1.015 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: mteb/touche2020 name: MTEB Touche2020 config: default split: test revision: a34f9a33db75fa0cbb21bb5cfc3dae8dc8bec93f metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 3.0380000000000003 - type: map_at_10 value: 10.188 - type: map_at_100 value: 16.395 - type: map_at_1000 value: 18.024 - type: map_at_3 value: 6.236 - type: map_at_5 value: 7.276000000000001 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 34.694 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 46.292 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 47.446 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 47.446 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 41.156 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 44.32 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 32.653 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 25.219 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 37.802 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 49.274 - 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type: euclidean_ap value: 75.51438087434647 - type: euclidean_f1 value: 68.02370523061066 - type: euclidean_precision value: 66.46525679758308 - type: euclidean_recall value: 69.65699208443272 - type: manhattan_accuracy value: 86.46361089586935 - type: manhattan_ap value: 75.50800785730111 - type: manhattan_f1 value: 67.9220437187253 - type: manhattan_precision value: 67.79705573080967 - type: manhattan_recall value: 68.04749340369392 - type: max_accuracy value: 86.46361089586935 - type: max_ap value: 75.53126388573047 - type: max_f1 value: 68.02370523061066 - task: type: PairClassification dataset: type: mteb/twitterurlcorpus-pairclassification name: MTEB TwitterURLCorpus config: default split: test revision: 8b6510b0b1fa4e4c4f879467980e9be563ec1cdf metrics: - type: cos_sim_accuracy value: 88.80350836341057 - type: cos_sim_ap value: 85.51101933260743 - type: cos_sim_f1 value: 77.9152271629704 - type: cos_sim_precision value: 75.27815662910056 - type: cos_sim_recall value: 80.74376347397599 - type: dot_accuracy value: 88.84425815966158 - type: dot_ap value: 85.49726945962519 - type: dot_f1 value: 77.94445269567801 - type: dot_precision value: 75.27251864601261 - type: dot_recall value: 80.81305820757623 - type: euclidean_accuracy value: 88.80350836341057 - type: euclidean_ap value: 85.4882880790211 - type: euclidean_f1 value: 77.87063284615103 - type: euclidean_precision value: 74.61022927689595 - type: euclidean_recall value: 81.42901139513397 - type: manhattan_accuracy value: 88.7161873714441 - type: manhattan_ap value: 85.45753871906821 - type: manhattan_f1 value: 77.8686401480111 - type: manhattan_precision value: 74.95903683123174 - type: manhattan_recall value: 81.01324299353249 - type: max_accuracy value: 88.84425815966158 - type: max_ap value: 85.51101933260743 - type: max_f1 value: 77.94445269567801 --- <!-- **English** | [中文](./README_zh.md) --> # gte-base-en-v1.5 We introduce `gte-v1.5` series, upgraded `gte` embeddings that support the context length of up to **8192**, while further enhancing model performance. The models are built upon the `transformer++` encoder [backbone](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/new-impl) (BERT + RoPE + GLU). The `gte-v1.5` series achieve state-of-the-art scores on the MTEB benchmark within the same model size category and prodvide competitive on the LoCo long-context retrieval tests (refer to [Evaluation](#evaluation)). We also present the [`gte-Qwen1.5-7B-instruct`](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen1.5-7B-instruct), a SOTA instruction-tuned multi-lingual embedding model that ranked 2nd in MTEB and 1st in C-MTEB. <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. --> - **Developed by:** Institute for Intelligent Computing, Alibaba Group - **Model type:** Text Embeddings - **Paper:** [mGTE: Generalized Long-Context Text Representation and Reranking Models for Multilingual Text Retrieval](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.19669) <!-- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed] --> ### Model list | Models | Language | Model Size | Max Seq. Length | Dimension | MTEB-en | LoCo | |:-----: | :-----: |:-----: |:-----: |:-----: | :-----: | :-----: | |[`gte-Qwen1.5-7B-instruct`](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen1.5-7B-instruct)| Multiple | 7720 | 32768 | 4096 | 67.34 | 87.57 | |[`gte-large-en-v1.5`](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-large-en-v1.5) | English | 434 | 8192 | 1024 | 65.39 | 86.71 | |[`gte-base-en-v1.5`](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5) | English | 137 | 8192 | 768 | 64.11 | 87.44 | ## How to Get Started with the Model Use the code below to get started with the model. ```python # Requires transformers>=4.36.0 import torch.nn.functional as F from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer input_texts = [ "what is the capital of China?", "how to implement quick sort in python?", "Beijing", "sorting algorithms" ] model_path = 'Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5' tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path) model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True) # Tokenize the input texts batch_dict = tokenizer(input_texts, max_length=8192, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') outputs = model(**batch_dict) embeddings = outputs.last_hidden_state[:, 0] # (Optionally) normalize embeddings embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1) scores = (embeddings[:1] @ embeddings[1:].T) * 100 print(scores.tolist()) ``` **It is recommended to install xformers and enable unpadding for acceleration, refer to [enable-unpadding-and-xformers](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/new-impl#recommendation-enable-unpadding-and-acceleration-with-xformers).** Use with `sentence-transformers`: ```python # Requires sentence_transformers>=2.7.0 from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer from sentence_transformers.util import cos_sim sentences = ['That is a happy person', 'That is a very happy person'] model = SentenceTransformer('Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5', trust_remote_code=True) embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(cos_sim(embeddings[0], embeddings[1])) ``` Use with `transformers.js`: ```js // npm i @xenova/transformers import { pipeline, dot } from '@xenova/transformers'; // Create feature extraction pipeline const extractor = await pipeline('feature-extraction', 'Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5', { quantized: false, // Comment out this line to use the quantized version }); // Generate sentence embeddings const sentences = [ "what is the capital of China?", "how to implement quick sort in python?", "Beijing", "sorting algorithms" ] const output = await extractor(sentences, { normalize: true, pooling: 'cls' }); // Compute similarity scores const [source_embeddings, ...document_embeddings ] = output.tolist(); const similarities = document_embeddings.map(x => 100 * dot(source_embeddings, x)); console.log(similarities); // [34.504930869007296, 64.03973265120138, 19.520042686034362] ``` ## Training Details ### Training Data - Masked language modeling (MLM): `c4-en` - Weak-supervised contrastive pre-training (CPT): [GTE](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.03281.pdf) pre-training data - Supervised contrastive fine-tuning: [GTE](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.03281.pdf) fine-tuning data ### Training Procedure To enable the backbone model to support a context length of 8192, we adopted a multi-stage training strategy. The model first undergoes preliminary MLM pre-training on shorter lengths. And then, we resample the data, reducing the proportion of short texts, and continue the MLM pre-training. The entire training process is as follows: - MLM-2048: lr 5e-4, mlm_probability 0.3, batch_size 4096, num_steps 70000, rope_base 10000 - [MLM-8192](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-en-mlm-base): lr 5e-5, mlm_probability 0.3, batch_size 1024, num_steps 20000, rope_base 500000 - CPT: max_len 512, lr 2e-4, batch_size 32768, num_steps 100000 - Fine-tuning: TODO ## Evaluation ### MTEB The results of other models are retrieved from [MTEB leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard). The gte evaluation setting: `mteb==1.2.0, fp16 auto mix precision, max_length=8192`, and set ntk scaling factor to 2 (equivalent to rope_base * 2). | Model Name | Param Size (M) | Dimension | Sequence Length | Average (56) | Class. (12) | Clust. (11) | Pair Class. (3) | Reran. (4) | Retr. (15) | STS (10) | Summ. (1) | |:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | [**gte-large-en-v1.5**](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-large-en-v1.5) | 434 | 1024 | 8192 | **65.39** | 77.75 | 47.95 | 84.63 | 58.50 | 57.91 | 81.43 | 30.91 | | [mxbai-embed-large-v1](https://huggingface.co/mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1) | 335 | 1024 | 512 | 64.68 | 75.64 | 46.71 | 87.2 | 60.11 | 54.39 | 85 | 32.71 | | [multilingual-e5-large-instruct](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct) | 560 | 1024 | 514 | 64.41 | 77.56 | 47.1 | 86.19 | 58.58 | 52.47 | 84.78 | 30.39 | | [bge-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5)| 335 | 1024 | 512 | 64.23 | 75.97 | 46.08 | 87.12 | 60.03 | 54.29 | 83.11 | 31.61 | | [**gte-base-en-v1.5**](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5) | 137 | 768 | 8192 | **64.11** | 77.17 | 46.82 | 85.33 | 57.66 | 54.09 | 81.97 | 31.17 | | [bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5)| 109 | 768 | 512 | 63.55 | 75.53 | 45.77 | 86.55 | 58.86 | 53.25 | 82.4 | 31.07 | ### LoCo | Model Name | Dimension | Sequence Length | Average (5) | QsmsumRetrieval | SummScreenRetrieval | QasperAbastractRetrieval | QasperTitleRetrieval | GovReportRetrieval | |:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | [gte-qwen1.5-7b](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-qwen1.5-7b) | 4096 | 32768 | 87.57 | 49.37 | 93.10 | 99.67 | 97.54 | 98.21 | | [gte-large-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-large-v1.5) |1024 | 8192 | 86.71 | 44.55 | 92.61 | 99.82 | 97.81 | 98.74 | | [gte-base-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-v1.5) | 768 | 8192 | 87.44 | 49.91 | 91.78 | 99.82 | 97.13 | 98.58 | ## Citation If you find our paper or models helpful, please consider citing them as follows: ``` @misc{zhang2024mgte, title={mGTE: Generalized Long-Context Text Representation and Reranking Models for Multilingual Text Retrieval}, author={Xin Zhang and Yanzhao Zhang and Dingkun Long and Wen Xie and Ziqi Dai and Jialong Tang and Huan Lin and Baosong Yang and Pengjun Xie and Fei Huang and Meishan Zhang and Wenjie Li and Min Zhang}, year={2024}, eprint={2407.19669}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19669}, } @misc{li2023gte, title={Towards General Text Embeddings with Multi-stage Contrastive Learning}, author={Zehan Li and Xin Zhang and Yanzhao Zhang and Dingkun Long and Pengjun Xie and Meishan Zhang}, year={2023}, eprint={2308.03281}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03281}, } ```

facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h

facebook

transformers

automatic-speech-recognition

--- language: en datasets: - librispeech_asr tags: - audio - automatic-speech-recognition - hf-asr-leaderboard license: apache-2.0 widget: - example_title: Librispeech sample 1 src: https://cdn-media.huggingface.co/speech_samples/sample1.flac - example_title: Librispeech sample 2 src: https://cdn-media.huggingface.co/speech_samples/sample2.flac model-index: - name: wav2vec2-base-960h results: - task: name: Automatic Speech Recognition type: automatic-speech-recognition dataset: name: LibriSpeech (clean) type: librispeech_asr config: clean split: test args: language: en metrics: - name: Test WER type: wer value: 3.4 - task: name: Automatic Speech Recognition type: automatic-speech-recognition dataset: name: LibriSpeech (other) type: librispeech_asr config: other split: test args: language: en metrics: - name: Test WER type: wer value: 8.6 --- # Wav2Vec2-Base-960h [Facebook's Wav2Vec2](https://ai.facebook.com/blog/wav2vec-20-learning-the-structure-of-speech-from-raw-audio/) The base model pretrained and fine-tuned on 960 hours of Librispeech on 16kHz sampled speech audio. When using the model make sure that your speech input is also sampled at 16Khz. [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11477) Authors: Alexei Baevski, Henry Zhou, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Michael Auli **Abstract** We show for the first time that learning powerful representations from speech audio alone followed by fine-tuning on transcribed speech can outperform the best semi-supervised methods while being conceptually simpler. wav2vec 2.0 masks the speech input in the latent space and solves a contrastive task defined over a quantization of the latent representations which are jointly learned. Experiments using all labeled data of Librispeech achieve 1.8/3.3 WER on the clean/other test sets. When lowering the amount of labeled data to one hour, wav2vec 2.0 outperforms the previous state of the art on the 100 hour subset while using 100 times less labeled data. Using just ten minutes of labeled data and pre-training on 53k hours of unlabeled data still achieves 4.8/8.2 WER. This demonstrates the feasibility of speech recognition with limited amounts of labeled data. The original model can be found under https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/wav2vec#wav2vec-20. # Usage To transcribe audio files the model can be used as a standalone acoustic model as follows: ```python from transformers import Wav2Vec2Processor, Wav2Vec2ForCTC from datasets import load_dataset import torch # load model and tokenizer processor = Wav2Vec2Processor.from_pretrained("facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h") model = Wav2Vec2ForCTC.from_pretrained("facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h") # load dummy dataset and read soundfiles ds = load_dataset("patrickvonplaten/librispeech_asr_dummy", "clean", split="validation") # tokenize input_values = processor(ds[0]["audio"]["array"], return_tensors="pt", padding="longest").input_values # Batch size 1 # retrieve logits logits = model(input_values).logits # take argmax and decode predicted_ids = torch.argmax(logits, dim=-1) transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids) ``` ## Evaluation This code snippet shows how to evaluate **facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h** on LibriSpeech's "clean" and "other" test data. ```python from datasets import load_dataset from transformers import Wav2Vec2ForCTC, Wav2Vec2Processor import torch from jiwer import wer librispeech_eval = load_dataset("librispeech_asr", "clean", split="test") model = Wav2Vec2ForCTC.from_pretrained("facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h").to("cuda") processor = Wav2Vec2Processor.from_pretrained("facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h") def map_to_pred(batch): input_values = processor(batch["audio"]["array"], return_tensors="pt", padding="longest").input_values with torch.no_grad(): logits = model(input_values.to("cuda")).logits predicted_ids = torch.argmax(logits, dim=-1) transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids) batch["transcription"] = transcription return batch result = librispeech_eval.map(map_to_pred, batched=True, batch_size=1, remove_columns=["audio"]) print("WER:", wer(result["text"], result["transcription"])) ``` *Result (WER)*: | "clean" | "other" | |---|---| | 3.4 | 8.6 |

Qwen/Qwen2-0.5B

Qwen

transformers

text-generation

--- language: - en pipeline_tag: text-generation tags: - pretrained license: apache-2.0 --- # Qwen2-0.5B ## Introduction Qwen2 is the new series of Qwen large language models. For Qwen2, we release a number of base language models and instruction-tuned language models ranging from 0.5 to 72 billion parameters, including a Mixture-of-Experts model. This repo contains the 0.5B Qwen2 base language model. Compared with the state-of-the-art opensource language models, including the previous released Qwen1.5, Qwen2 has generally surpassed most opensource models and demonstrated competitiveness against proprietary models across a series of benchmarks targeting for language understanding, language generation, multilingual capability, coding, mathematics, reasoning, etc. For more details, please refer to our [blog](https://qwenlm.github.io/blog/qwen2/), [GitHub](https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen2), and [Documentation](https://qwen.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). <br> ## Model Details Qwen2 is a language model series including decoder language models of different model sizes. For each size, we release the base language model and the aligned chat model. It is based on the Transformer architecture with SwiGLU activation, attention QKV bias, group query attention, etc. Additionally, we have an improved tokenizer adaptive to multiple natural languages and codes. ## Requirements The code of Qwen2 has been in the latest Hugging face transformers and we advise you to install `transformers>=4.37.0`, or you might encounter the following error: ``` KeyError: 'qwen2' ``` ## Usage We do not advise you to use base language models for text generation. Instead, you can apply post-training, e.g., SFT, RLHF, continued pretraining, etc., on this model. ## Performance The evaluation of base models mainly focuses on the model performance of natural language understanding, general question answering, coding, mathematics, scientific knowledge, reasoning, multilingual capability, etc. The datasets for evaluation include: **English Tasks**: MMLU (5-shot), MMLU-Pro (5-shot), GPQA (5shot), Theorem QA (5-shot), BBH (3-shot), HellaSwag (10-shot), Winogrande (5-shot), TruthfulQA (0-shot), ARC-C (25-shot) **Coding Tasks**: EvalPlus (0-shot) (HumanEval, MBPP, HumanEval+, MBPP+), MultiPL-E (0-shot) (Python, C++, JAVA, PHP, TypeScript, C#, Bash, JavaScript) **Math Tasks**: GSM8K (4-shot), MATH (4-shot) **Chinese Tasks**: C-Eval(5-shot), CMMLU (5-shot) **Multilingual Tasks**: Multi-Exam (M3Exam 5-shot, IndoMMLU 3-shot, ruMMLU 5-shot, mMMLU 5-shot), Multi-Understanding (BELEBELE 5-shot, XCOPA 5-shot, XWinograd 5-shot, XStoryCloze 0-shot, PAWS-X 5-shot), Multi-Mathematics (MGSM 8-shot), Multi-Translation (Flores-101 5-shot) #### Qwen2-0.5B & Qwen2-1.5B performances | Datasets | Phi-2 | Gemma-2B | MiniCPM | Qwen1.5-1.8B | Qwen2-0.5B | Qwen2-1.5B | | :--------| :---------: | :------------: | :------------: |:------------: | :------------: | :------------: | |#Non-Emb Params | 2.5B | 2.0B | 2.4B | 1.3B | 0.35B | 1.3B | |MMLU | 52.7 | 42.3 | 53.5 | 46.8 | 45.4 | **56.5** | |MMLU-Pro | - | 15.9 | - | - | 14.7 | 21.8 | |Theorem QA | - | - | - |- | 8.9 | **15.0** | |HumanEval | 47.6 | 22.0 |**50.0**| 20.1 | 22.0 | 31.1 | |MBPP | **55.0** | 29.2 | 47.3 | 18.0 | 22.0 | 37.4 | |GSM8K | 57.2 | 17.7 | 53.8 | 38.4 | 36.5 | **58.5** | |MATH | 3.5 | 11.8 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.7 | **21.7** | |BBH | **43.4** | 35.2 | 36.9 | 24.2 | 28.4 | 37.2 | |HellaSwag | **73.1** | 71.4 | 68.3 | 61.4 | 49.3 | 66.6 | |Winogrande | **74.4** | 66.8 | -| 60.3 | 56.8 | 66.2 | |ARC-C | **61.1** | 48.5 | -| 37.9 | 31.5 | 43.9 | |TruthfulQA | 44.5 | 33.1 | -| 39.4 | 39.7 | **45.9** | |C-Eval | 23.4 | 28.0 | 51.1| 59.7 | 58.2 | **70.6** | |CMMLU | 24.2 | - | 51.1 | 57.8 | 55.1 | **70.3** | ## Citation If you find our work helpful, feel free to give us a cite. ``` @article{qwen2, title={Qwen2 Technical Report}, year={2024} } ```

laion/CLIP-ViT-H-14-laion2B-s32B-b79K

laion

open_clip

zero-shot-image-classification

--- license: mit widget: - src: >- https://huggingface.co/datasets/mishig/sample_images/resolve/main/cat-dog-music.png candidate_labels: playing music, playing sports example_title: Cat & Dog library_name: open_clip pipeline_tag: zero-shot-image-classification --- # Model Card for CLIP ViT-H/14 - LAION-2B # Table of Contents 1. [Model Details](#model-details) 2. [Uses](#uses) 3. [Training Details](#training-details) 4. [Evaluation](#evaluation) 5. [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements) 6. [Citation](#citation) 7. [How To Get Started With the Model](#how-to-get-started-with-the-model) # Model Details ## Model Description A CLIP ViT-H/14 model trained with the LAION-2B English subset of LAION-5B (https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/) using OpenCLIP (https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip). Model training done by Romain Beaumont on the [stability.ai](https://stability.ai/) cluster. # Uses As per the original [OpenAI CLIP model card](https://github.com/openai/CLIP/blob/d50d76daa670286dd6cacf3bcd80b5e4823fc8e1/model-card.md), this model is intended as a research output for research communities. We hope that this model will enable researchers to better understand and explore zero-shot, arbitrary image classification. We also hope it can be used for interdisciplinary studies of the potential impact of such model. The OpenAI CLIP paper includes a discussion of potential downstream impacts to provide an example for this sort of analysis. Additionally, the LAION-5B blog (https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/) and upcoming paper include additional discussion as it relates specifically to the training dataset. ## Direct Use Zero-shot image classification, image and text retrieval, among others. ## Downstream Use Image classification and other image task fine-tuning, linear probe image classification, image generation guiding and conditioning, among others. ## Out-of-Scope Use As per the OpenAI models, **Any** deployed use case of the model - whether commercial or not - is currently out of scope. Non-deployed use cases such as image search in a constrained environment, are also not recommended unless there is thorough in-domain testing of the model with a specific, fixed class taxonomy. This is because our safety assessment demonstrated a high need for task specific testing especially given the variability of CLIP’s performance with different class taxonomies. This makes untested and unconstrained deployment of the model in any use case currently potentially harmful. Certain use cases which would fall under the domain of surveillance and facial recognition are always out-of-scope regardless of performance of the model. This is because the use of artificial intelligence for tasks such as these can be premature currently given the lack of testing norms and checks to ensure its fair use. Since the model has not been purposefully trained in or evaluated on any languages other than English, its use should be limited to English language use cases. Further the above notice, the LAION-5B dataset used in training of these models has additional considerations, see below. # Training Details ## Training Data This model was trained with the 2 Billion sample English subset of LAION-5B (https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/). **IMPORTANT NOTE:** The motivation behind dataset creation is to democratize research and experimentation around large-scale multi-modal model training and handling of uncurated, large-scale datasets crawled from publically available internet. Our recommendation is therefore to use the dataset for research purposes. Be aware that this large-scale dataset is uncurated. Keep in mind that the uncurated nature of the dataset means that collected links may lead to strongly discomforting and disturbing content for a human viewer. Therefore, please use the demo links with caution and at your own risk. It is possible to extract a “safe” subset by filtering out samples based on the safety tags (using a customized trained NSFW classifier that we built). While this strongly reduces the chance for encountering potentially harmful content when viewing, we cannot entirely exclude the possibility for harmful content being still present in safe mode, so that the warning holds also there. We think that providing the dataset openly to broad research and other interested communities will allow for transparent investigation of benefits that come along with training large-scale models as well as pitfalls and dangers that may stay unreported or unnoticed when working with closed large datasets that remain restricted to a small community. Providing our dataset openly, we however do not recommend using it for creating ready-to-go industrial products, as the basic research about general properties and safety of such large-scale models, which we would like to encourage with this release, is still in progress. ## Training Procedure Please see [training notes](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EFbMLRWSSV0LUf9Du1pWzWqgeiIRPwEWX2s1C6mAk5c) and [wandb logs](https://wandb.ai/rom1504/eval_openclip/reports/H-14--VmlldzoyNDAxODQ3). # Evaluation Evaluation done with code in the [LAION CLIP Benchmark suite](https://github.com/LAION-AI/CLIP_benchmark). ## Testing Data, Factors & Metrics ### Testing Data The testing is performed with VTAB+ (A combination of VTAB (https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.04867) w/ additional robustness datasets) for classification and COCO and Flickr for retrieval. **TODO** - more detail ## Results The model achieves a 78.0 zero-shot top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1k. An initial round of benchmarks have been performed on a wider range of datasets, currently viewable at https://github.com/LAION-AI/CLIP_benchmark/blob/main/benchmark/results.ipynb **TODO** - create table for just this model's metrics. # Acknowledgements Acknowledging [stability.ai](https://stability.ai/) for the compute used to train this model. # Citation **BibTeX:** LAION-5B ```bibtex @inproceedings{schuhmann2022laionb, title={{LAION}-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text models}, author={Christoph Schuhmann and Romain Beaumont and Richard Vencu and Cade W Gordon and Ross Wightman and Mehdi Cherti and Theo Coombes and Aarush Katta and Clayton Mullis and Mitchell Wortsman and Patrick Schramowski and Srivatsa R Kundurthy and Katherine Crowson and Ludwig Schmidt and Robert Kaczmarczyk and Jenia Jitsev}, booktitle={Thirty-sixth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track}, year={2022}, url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=M3Y74vmsMcY} } ``` OpenAI CLIP paper ``` @inproceedings{Radford2021LearningTV, title={Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision}, author={Alec Radford and Jong Wook Kim and Chris Hallacy and A. Ramesh and Gabriel Goh and Sandhini Agarwal and Girish Sastry and Amanda Askell and Pamela Mishkin and Jack Clark and Gretchen Krueger and Ilya Sutskever}, booktitle={ICML}, year={2021} } ``` OpenCLIP software ``` @software{ilharco_gabriel_2021_5143773, author = {Ilharco, Gabriel and Wortsman, Mitchell and Wightman, Ross and Gordon, Cade and Carlini, Nicholas and Taori, Rohan and Dave, Achal and Shankar, Vaishaal and Namkoong, Hongseok and Miller, John and Hajishirzi, Hannaneh and Farhadi, Ali and Schmidt, Ludwig}, title = {OpenCLIP}, month = jul, year = 2021, note = {If you use this software, please cite it as below.}, publisher = {Zenodo}, version = {0.1}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.5143773}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5143773} } ``` # How to Get Started with the Model Use the code below to get started with the model. ** TODO ** - Hugging Face transformers, OpenCLIP, and timm getting started snippets

laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-laion2B-s34B-b79K

laion

open_clip

zero-shot-image-classification

--- license: mit widget: - src: >- https://huggingface.co/datasets/mishig/sample_images/resolve/main/cat-dog-music.png candidate_labels: playing music, playing sports example_title: Cat & Dog pipeline_tag: zero-shot-image-classification --- # Model Card for CLIP ViT-B/32 - LAION-2B # Table of Contents 1. [Model Details](#model-details) 2. [Uses](#uses) 3. [Training Details](#training-details) 4. [Evaluation](#evaluation) 5. [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements) 6. [Citation](#citation) 7. [How To Get Started With the Model](#how-to-get-started-with-the-model) # Model Details ## Model Description A CLIP ViT-B/32 model trained with the LAION-2B English subset of LAION-5B (https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/) using OpenCLIP (https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip). Model training done by Romain Beaumont on the [stability.ai](https://stability.ai/) cluster. # Uses As per the original [OpenAI CLIP model card](https://github.com/openai/CLIP/blob/d50d76daa670286dd6cacf3bcd80b5e4823fc8e1/model-card.md), this model is intended as a research output for research communities. We hope that this model will enable researchers to better understand and explore zero-shot, arbitrary image classification. We also hope it can be used for interdisciplinary studies of the potential impact of such model. The OpenAI CLIP paper includes a discussion of potential downstream impacts to provide an example for this sort of analysis. Additionally, the LAION-5B blog (https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/) and upcoming paper include additional discussion as it relates specifically to the training dataset. ## Direct Use Zero-shot image classification, image and text retrieval, among others. ## Downstream Use Image classification and other image task fine-tuning, linear probe image classification, image generation guiding and conditioning, among others. ## Out-of-Scope Use As per the OpenAI models, **Any** deployed use case of the model - whether commercial or not - is currently out of scope. Non-deployed use cases such as image search in a constrained environment, are also not recommended unless there is thorough in-domain testing of the model with a specific, fixed class taxonomy. This is because our safety assessment demonstrated a high need for task specific testing especially given the variability of CLIP’s performance with different class taxonomies. This makes untested and unconstrained deployment of the model in any use case currently potentially harmful. Certain use cases which would fall under the domain of surveillance and facial recognition are always out-of-scope regardless of performance of the model. This is because the use of artificial intelligence for tasks such as these can be premature currently given the lack of testing norms and checks to ensure its fair use. Since the model has not been purposefully trained in or evaluated on any languages other than English, its use should be limited to English language use cases. Further the above notice, the LAION-5B dataset used in training of these models has additional considerations, see below. # Training Details ## Training Data This model was trained with the 2 Billion sample English subset of LAION-5B (https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/). **IMPORTANT NOTE:** The motivation behind dataset creation is to democratize research and experimentation around large-scale multi-modal model training and handling of uncurated, large-scale datasets crawled from publically available internet. Our recommendation is therefore to use the dataset for research purposes. Be aware that this large-scale dataset is uncurated. Keep in mind that the uncurated nature of the dataset means that collected links may lead to strongly discomforting and disturbing content for a human viewer. Therefore, please use the demo links with caution and at your own risk. It is possible to extract a “safe” subset by filtering out samples based on the safety tags (using a customized trained NSFW classifier that we built). While this strongly reduces the chance for encountering potentially harmful content when viewing, we cannot entirely exclude the possibility for harmful content being still present in safe mode, so that the warning holds also there. We think that providing the dataset openly to broad research and other interested communities will allow for transparent investigation of benefits that come along with training large-scale models as well as pitfalls and dangers that may stay unreported or unnoticed when working with closed large datasets that remain restricted to a small community. Providing our dataset openly, we however do not recommend using it for creating ready-to-go industrial products, as the basic research about general properties and safety of such large-scale models, which we would like to encourage with this release, is still in progress. ## Training Procedure Please see [training notes](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EFbMLRWSSV0LUf9Du1pWzWqgeiIRPwEWX2s1C6mAk5c) and [wandb logs](https://wandb.ai/rom1504/eval_openclip/reports/B-32-2B--VmlldzoyNDkwNDMy). # Evaluation Evaluation done with code in the [LAION CLIP Benchmark suite](https://github.com/LAION-AI/CLIP_benchmark). ## Testing Data, Factors & Metrics ### Testing Data The testing is performed with VTAB+ (A combination of VTAB (https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.04867) w/ additional robustness datasets) for classification and COCO and Flickr for retrieval. **TODO** - more detail ## Results The model achieves a 66.6 zero-shot top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1k. An initial round of benchmarks have been performed on a wider range of datasets, currently viewable at https://github.com/LAION-AI/CLIP_benchmark/blob/main/benchmark/results.ipynb **TODO** - create table for just this model's metrics. # Acknowledgements Acknowledging [stability.ai](https://stability.ai/) for the compute used to train this model. # Citation **BibTeX:** In addition to forthcoming LAION-5B (https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/) paper, please cite: OpenAI CLIP paper ``` @inproceedings{Radford2021LearningTV, title={Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision}, author={Alec Radford and Jong Wook Kim and Chris Hallacy and A. Ramesh and Gabriel Goh and Sandhini Agarwal and Girish Sastry and Amanda Askell and Pamela Mishkin and Jack Clark and Gretchen Krueger and Ilya Sutskever}, booktitle={ICML}, year={2021} } ``` OpenCLIP software ``` @software{ilharco_gabriel_2021_5143773, author = {Ilharco, Gabriel and Wortsman, Mitchell and Wightman, Ross and Gordon, Cade and Carlini, Nicholas and Taori, Rohan and Dave, Achal and Shankar, Vaishaal and Namkoong, Hongseok and Miller, John and Hajishirzi, Hannaneh and Farhadi, Ali and Schmidt, Ludwig}, title = {OpenCLIP}, month = jul, year = 2021, note = {If you use this software, please cite it as below.}, publisher = {Zenodo}, version = {0.1}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.5143773}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5143773} } ``` # How to Get Started with the Model Use the code below to get started with the model. ** TODO ** - Hugging Face transformers, OpenCLIP, and timm getting started snippets

mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2

mistralai

transformers

text-generation

--- license: apache-2.0 tags: - finetuned pipeline_tag: text-generation new_version: mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3 inference: true widget: - messages: - role: user content: What is your favorite condiment? extra_gated_description: If you want to learn more about how we process your personal data, please read our <a href="https://mistral.ai/terms/">Privacy Policy</a>. --- # Model Card for Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 ## Encode and Decode with `mistral_common` ```py from mistral_common.tokens.tokenizers.mistral import MistralTokenizer from mistral_common.protocol.instruct.messages import UserMessage from mistral_common.protocol.instruct.request import ChatCompletionRequest mistral_models_path = "MISTRAL_MODELS_PATH" tokenizer = MistralTokenizer.v1() completion_request = ChatCompletionRequest(messages=[UserMessage(content="Explain Machine Learning to me in a nutshell.")]) tokens = tokenizer.encode_chat_completion(completion_request).tokens ``` ## Inference with `mistral_inference` ```py from mistral_inference.transformer import Transformer from mistral_inference.generate import generate model = Transformer.from_folder(mistral_models_path) out_tokens, _ = generate([tokens], model, max_tokens=64, temperature=0.0, eos_id=tokenizer.instruct_tokenizer.tokenizer.eos_id) result = tokenizer.decode(out_tokens[0]) print(result) ``` ## Inference with hugging face `transformers` ```py from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2") model.to("cuda") generated_ids = model.generate(tokens, max_new_tokens=1000, do_sample=True) # decode with mistral tokenizer result = tokenizer.decode(generated_ids[0].tolist()) print(result) ``` > [!TIP] > PRs to correct the `transformers` tokenizer so that it gives 1-to-1 the same results as the `mistral_common` reference implementation are very welcome! --- The Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 Large Language Model (LLM) is an instruct fine-tuned version of the Mistral-7B-v0.2. Mistral-7B-v0.2 has the following changes compared to Mistral-7B-v0.1 - 32k context window (vs 8k context in v0.1) - Rope-theta = 1e6 - No Sliding-Window Attention For full details of this model please read our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06825) and [release blog post](https://mistral.ai/news/la-plateforme/). ## Instruction format In order to leverage instruction fine-tuning, your prompt should be surrounded by `[INST]` and `[/INST]` tokens. The very first instruction should begin with a begin of sentence id. The next instructions should not. The assistant generation will be ended by the end-of-sentence token id. E.g. ``` text = "<s>[INST] What is your favourite condiment? [/INST]" "Well, I'm quite partial to a good squeeze of fresh lemon juice. It adds just the right amount of zesty flavour to whatever I'm cooking up in the kitchen!</s> " "[INST] Do you have mayonnaise recipes? [/INST]" ``` This format is available as a [chat template](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/chat_templating) via the `apply_chat_template()` method: ```python from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer device = "cuda" # the device to load the model onto model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2") tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2") messages = [ {"role": "user", "content": "What is your favourite condiment?"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Well, I'm quite partial to a good squeeze of fresh lemon juice. It adds just the right amount of zesty flavour to whatever I'm cooking up in the kitchen!"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Do you have mayonnaise recipes?"} ] encodeds = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, return_tensors="pt") model_inputs = encodeds.to(device) model.to(device) generated_ids = model.generate(model_inputs, max_new_tokens=1000, do_sample=True) decoded = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids) print(decoded[0]) ``` ## Troubleshooting - If you see the following error: ``` Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/transformers/models/auto/auto_factory.py", line 482, in from_pretrained config, kwargs = AutoConfig.from_pretrained( File "/transformers/models/auto/configuration_auto.py", line 1022, in from_pretrained config_class = CONFIG_MAPPING[config_dict["model_type"]] File "/transformers/models/auto/configuration_auto.py", line 723, in getitem raise KeyError(key) KeyError: 'mistral' ``` Installing transformers from source should solve the issue pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers This should not be required after transformers-v4.33.4. ## Limitations The Mistral 7B Instruct model is a quick demonstration that the base model can be easily fine-tuned to achieve compelling performance. It does not have any moderation mechanisms. We're looking forward to engaging with the community on ways to make the model finely respect guardrails, allowing for deployment in environments requiring moderated outputs. ## The Mistral AI Team Albert Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Arthur Mensch, Blanche Savary, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Emma Bou Hanna, Florian Bressand, Gianna Lengyel, Guillaume Bour, Guillaume Lample, Lélio Renard Lavaud, Louis Ternon, Lucile Saulnier, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Pierre Stock, Teven Le Scao, Théophile Gervet, Thibaut Lavril, Thomas Wang, Timothée Lacroix, William El Sayed.

black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-schnell

black-forest-labs

diffusers

text-to-image

--- language: - en license: apache-2.0 tags: - text-to-image - image-generation - flux --- ![FLUX.1 [schnell] Grid](./schnell_grid.jpeg) `FLUX.1 [schnell]` is a 12 billion parameter rectified flow transformer capable of generating images from text descriptions. For more information, please read our [blog post](https://blackforestlabs.ai/announcing-black-forest-labs/). # Key Features 1. Cutting-edge output quality and competitive prompt following, matching the performance of closed source alternatives. 2. Trained using latent adversarial diffusion distillation, `FLUX.1 [schnell]` can generate high-quality images in only 1 to 4 steps. 3. Released under the `apache-2.0` licence, the model can be used for personal, scientific, and commercial purposes. # Usage We provide a reference implementation of `FLUX.1 [schnell]`, as well as sampling code, in a dedicated [github repository](https://github.com/black-forest-labs/flux). Developers and creatives looking to build on top of `FLUX.1 [schnell]` are encouraged to use this as a starting point. ## API Endpoints The FLUX.1 models are also available via API from the following sources - [bfl.ml](https://docs.bfl.ml/) (currently `FLUX.1 [pro]`) - [replicate.com](https://replicate.com/collections/flux) - [fal.ai](https://fal.ai/models/fal-ai/flux/schnell) - [mystic.ai](https://www.mystic.ai/black-forest-labs/flux1-schnell) ## ComfyUI `FLUX.1 [schnell]` is also available in [Comfy UI](https://github.com/comfyanonymous/ComfyUI) for local inference with a node-based workflow. ## Diffusers To use `FLUX.1 [schnell]` with the 🧨 diffusers python library, first install or upgrade diffusers ```shell pip install -U diffusers ``` Then you can use `FluxPipeline` to run the model ```python import torch from diffusers import FluxPipeline pipe = FluxPipeline.from_pretrained("black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-schnell", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16) pipe.enable_model_cpu_offload() #save some VRAM by offloading the model to CPU. Remove this if you have enough GPU power prompt = "A cat holding a sign that says hello world" image = pipe( prompt, guidance_scale=0.0, num_inference_steps=4, max_sequence_length=256, generator=torch.Generator("cpu").manual_seed(0) ).images[0] image.save("flux-schnell.png") ``` To learn more check out the [diffusers](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/main/en/api/pipelines/flux) documentation --- # Limitations - This model is not intended or able to provide factual information. - As a statistical model this checkpoint might amplify existing societal biases. - The model may fail to generate output that matches the prompts. - Prompt following is heavily influenced by the prompting-style. # Out-of-Scope Use The model and its derivatives may not be used - In any way that violates any applicable national, federal, state, local or international law or regulation. - For the purpose of exploiting, harming or attempting to exploit or harm minors in any way; including but not limited to the solicitation, creation, acquisition, or dissemination of child exploitative content. - To generate or disseminate verifiably false information and/or content with the purpose of harming others. - To generate or disseminate personal identifiable information that can be used to harm an individual. - To harass, abuse, threaten, stalk, or bully individuals or groups of individuals. - To create non-consensual nudity or illegal pornographic content. - For fully automated decision making that adversely impacts an individual's legal rights or otherwise creates or modifies a binding, enforceable obligation. - Generating or facilitating large-scale disinformation campaigns.

stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1-base

stabilityai

diffusers

text-to-image

--- license: openrail++ tags: - stable-diffusion - text-to-image --- # Stable Diffusion v2-1-base Model Card This model card focuses on the model associated with the Stable Diffusion v2-1-base model. This `stable-diffusion-2-1-base` model fine-tunes [stable-diffusion-2-base](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-base) (`512-base-ema.ckpt`) with 220k extra steps taken, with `punsafe=0.98` on the same dataset. - Use it with the [`stablediffusion`](https://github.com/Stability-AI/stablediffusion) repository: download the `v2-1_512-ema-pruned.ckpt` [here](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1-base/resolve/main/v2-1_512-ema-pruned.ckpt). - Use it with 🧨 [`diffusers`](#examples) ## Model Details - **Developed by:** Robin Rombach, Patrick Esser - **Model type:** Diffusion-based text-to-image generation model - **Language(s):** English - **License:** [CreativeML Open RAIL++-M License](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2/blob/main/LICENSE-MODEL) - **Model Description:** This is a model that can be used to generate and modify images based on text prompts. It is a [Latent Diffusion Model](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10752) that uses a fixed, pretrained text encoder ([OpenCLIP-ViT/H](https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip)). - **Resources for more information:** [GitHub Repository](https://github.com/Stability-AI/). - **Cite as:** @InProceedings{Rombach_2022_CVPR, author = {Rombach, Robin and Blattmann, Andreas and Lorenz, Dominik and Esser, Patrick and Ommer, Bj\"orn}, title = {High-Resolution Image Synthesis With Latent Diffusion Models}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, month = {June}, year = {2022}, pages = {10684-10695} } ## Examples Using the [🤗's Diffusers library](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers) to run Stable Diffusion 2 in a simple and efficient manner. ```bash pip install diffusers transformers accelerate scipy safetensors ``` Running the pipeline (if you don't swap the scheduler it will run with the default PNDM/PLMS scheduler, in this example we are swapping it to EulerDiscreteScheduler): ```python from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline, EulerDiscreteScheduler import torch model_id = "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1-base" scheduler = EulerDiscreteScheduler.from_pretrained(model_id, subfolder="scheduler") pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(model_id, scheduler=scheduler, torch_dtype=torch.float16) pipe = pipe.to("cuda") prompt = "a photo of an astronaut riding a horse on mars" image = pipe(prompt).images[0] image.save("astronaut_rides_horse.png") ``` **Notes**: - Despite not being a dependency, we highly recommend you to install [xformers](https://github.com/facebookresearch/xformers) for memory efficient attention (better performance) - If you have low GPU RAM available, make sure to add a `pipe.enable_attention_slicing()` after sending it to `cuda` for less VRAM usage (to the cost of speed) # Uses ## Direct Use The model is intended for research purposes only. Possible research areas and tasks include - Safe deployment of models which have the potential to generate harmful content. - Probing and understanding the limitations and biases of generative models. - Generation of artworks and use in design and other artistic processes. - Applications in educational or creative tools. - Research on generative models. Excluded uses are described below. ### Misuse, Malicious Use, and Out-of-Scope Use _Note: This section is originally taken from the [DALLE-MINI model card](https://huggingface.co/dalle-mini/dalle-mini), was used for Stable Diffusion v1, but applies in the same way to Stable Diffusion v2_. The model should not be used to intentionally create or disseminate images that create hostile or alienating environments for people. This includes generating images that people would foreseeably find disturbing, distressing, or offensive; or content that propagates historical or current stereotypes. #### Out-of-Scope Use The model was not trained to be factual or true representations of people or events, and therefore using the model to generate such content is out-of-scope for the abilities of this model. #### Misuse and Malicious Use Using the model to generate content that is cruel to individuals is a misuse of this model. This includes, but is not limited to: - Generating demeaning, dehumanizing, or otherwise harmful representations of people or their environments, cultures, religions, etc. - Intentionally promoting or propagating discriminatory content or harmful stereotypes. - Impersonating individuals without their consent. - Sexual content without consent of the people who might see it. - Mis- and disinformation - Representations of egregious violence and gore - Sharing of copyrighted or licensed material in violation of its terms of use. - Sharing content that is an alteration of copyrighted or licensed material in violation of its terms of use. ## Limitations and Bias ### Limitations - The model does not achieve perfect photorealism - The model cannot render legible text - The model does not perform well on more difficult tasks which involve compositionality, such as rendering an image corresponding to “A red cube on top of a blue sphere” - Faces and people in general may not be generated properly. - The model was trained mainly with English captions and will not work as well in other languages. - The autoencoding part of the model is lossy - The model was trained on a subset of the large-scale dataset [LAION-5B](https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/), which contains adult, violent and sexual content. To partially mitigate this, we have filtered the dataset using LAION's NFSW detector (see Training section). ### Bias While the capabilities of image generation models are impressive, they can also reinforce or exacerbate social biases. Stable Diffusion vw was primarily trained on subsets of [LAION-2B(en)](https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/), which consists of images that are limited to English descriptions. Texts and images from communities and cultures that use other languages are likely to be insufficiently accounted for. This affects the overall output of the model, as white and western cultures are often set as the default. Further, the ability of the model to generate content with non-English prompts is significantly worse than with English-language prompts. Stable Diffusion v2 mirrors and exacerbates biases to such a degree that viewer discretion must be advised irrespective of the input or its intent. ## Training **Training Data** The model developers used the following dataset for training the model: - LAION-5B and subsets (details below). The training data is further filtered using LAION's NSFW detector, with a "p_unsafe" score of 0.1 (conservative). For more details, please refer to LAION-5B's [NeurIPS 2022](https://openreview.net/forum?id=M3Y74vmsMcY) paper and reviewer discussions on the topic. **Training Procedure** Stable Diffusion v2 is a latent diffusion model which combines an autoencoder with a diffusion model that is trained in the latent space of the autoencoder. During training, - Images are encoded through an encoder, which turns images into latent representations. The autoencoder uses a relative downsampling factor of 8 and maps images of shape H x W x 3 to latents of shape H/f x W/f x 4 - Text prompts are encoded through the OpenCLIP-ViT/H text-encoder. - The output of the text encoder is fed into the UNet backbone of the latent diffusion model via cross-attention. - The loss is a reconstruction objective between the noise that was added to the latent and the prediction made by the UNet. We also use the so-called _v-objective_, see https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00512. We currently provide the following checkpoints, for various versions: ### Version 2.1 - `512-base-ema.ckpt`: Fine-tuned on `512-base-ema.ckpt` 2.0 with 220k extra steps taken, with `punsafe=0.98` on the same dataset. - `768-v-ema.ckpt`: Resumed from `768-v-ema.ckpt` 2.0 with an additional 55k steps on the same dataset (`punsafe=0.1`), and then fine-tuned for another 155k extra steps with `punsafe=0.98`. ### Version 2.0 - `512-base-ema.ckpt`: 550k steps at resolution `256x256` on a subset of [LAION-5B](https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/) filtered for explicit pornographic material, using the [LAION-NSFW classifier](https://github.com/LAION-AI/CLIP-based-NSFW-Detector) with `punsafe=0.1` and an [aesthetic score](https://github.com/christophschuhmann/improved-aesthetic-predictor) >= `4.5`. 850k steps at resolution `512x512` on the same dataset with resolution `>= 512x512`. - `768-v-ema.ckpt`: Resumed from `512-base-ema.ckpt` and trained for 150k steps using a [v-objective](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00512) on the same dataset. Resumed for another 140k steps on a `768x768` subset of our dataset. - `512-depth-ema.ckpt`: Resumed from `512-base-ema.ckpt` and finetuned for 200k steps. Added an extra input channel to process the (relative) depth prediction produced by [MiDaS](https://github.com/isl-org/MiDaS) (`dpt_hybrid`) which is used as an additional conditioning. The additional input channels of the U-Net which process this extra information were zero-initialized. - `512-inpainting-ema.ckpt`: Resumed from `512-base-ema.ckpt` and trained for another 200k steps. Follows the mask-generation strategy presented in [LAMA](https://github.com/saic-mdal/lama) which, in combination with the latent VAE representations of the masked image, are used as an additional conditioning. The additional input channels of the U-Net which process this extra information were zero-initialized. The same strategy was used to train the [1.5-inpainting checkpoint](https://github.com/saic-mdal/lama). - `x4-upscaling-ema.ckpt`: Trained for 1.25M steps on a 10M subset of LAION containing images `>2048x2048`. The model was trained on crops of size `512x512` and is a text-guided [latent upscaling diffusion model](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10752). In addition to the textual input, it receives a `noise_level` as an input parameter, which can be used to add noise to the low-resolution input according to a [predefined diffusion schedule](configs/stable-diffusion/x4-upscaling.yaml). - **Hardware:** 32 x 8 x A100 GPUs - **Optimizer:** AdamW - **Gradient Accumulations**: 1 - **Batch:** 32 x 8 x 2 x 4 = 2048 - **Learning rate:** warmup to 0.0001 for 10,000 steps and then kept constant ## Evaluation Results Evaluations with different classifier-free guidance scales (1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0) and 50 steps DDIM sampling steps show the relative improvements of the checkpoints:  Evaluated using 50 DDIM steps and 10000 random prompts from the COCO2017 validation set, evaluated at 512x512 resolution. Not optimized for FID scores. ## Environmental Impact **Stable Diffusion v1** **Estimated Emissions** Based on that information, we estimate the following CO2 emissions using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700). The hardware, runtime, cloud provider, and compute region were utilized to estimate the carbon impact. - **Hardware Type:** A100 PCIe 40GB - **Hours used:** 200000 - **Cloud Provider:** AWS - **Compute Region:** US-east - **Carbon Emitted (Power consumption x Time x Carbon produced based on location of power grid):** 15000 kg CO2 eq. ## Citation @InProceedings{Rombach_2022_CVPR, author = {Rombach, Robin and Blattmann, Andreas and Lorenz, Dominik and Esser, Patrick and Ommer, Bj\"orn}, title = {High-Resolution Image Synthesis With Latent Diffusion Models}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, month = {June}, year = {2022}, pages = {10684-10695} } *This model card was written by: Robin Rombach, Patrick Esser and David Ha and is based on the [Stable Diffusion v1](https://github.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion/blob/main/Stable_Diffusion_v1_Model_Card.md) and [DALL-E Mini model card](https://huggingface.co/dalle-mini/dalle-mini).*

tsmatz/xlm-roberta-ner-japanese

tsmatz

transformers

token-classification

--- language: - ja license: mit tags: - generated_from_trainer - ner - bert metrics: - f1 widget: - text: 鈴井は4月の陽気の良い日に、鈴をつけて北海道のトムラウシへと登った - text: 中国では、中国共産党による一党統治が続く base_model: xlm-roberta-base model-index: - name: xlm-roberta-ner-ja results: [] --- <!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. --> # xlm-roberta-ner-japanese (Japanese caption : 日本語の固有表現抽出のモデル) This model is a fine-tuned version of [xlm-roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/xlm-roberta-base) (pre-trained cross-lingual ```RobertaModel```) trained for named entity recognition (NER) token classification. The model is fine-tuned on NER dataset provided by Stockmark Inc, in which data is collected from Japanese Wikipedia articles.<br> See [here](https://github.com/stockmarkteam/ner-wikipedia-dataset) for the license of this dataset. Each token is labeled by : | Label id | Tag | Tag in Widget | Description | |---|---|---|---| | 0 | O | (None) | others or nothing | | 1 | PER | PER | person | | 2 | ORG | ORG | general corporation organization | | 3 | ORG-P | P | political organization | | 4 | ORG-O | O | other organization | | 5 | LOC | LOC | location | | 6 | INS | INS | institution, facility | | 7 | PRD | PRD | product | | 8 | EVT | EVT | event | ## Intended uses ```python from transformers import pipeline model_name = "tsmatz/xlm-roberta-ner-japanese" classifier = pipeline("token-classification", model=model_name) result = classifier("鈴井は4月の陽気の良い日に、鈴をつけて北海道のトムラウシへと登った") print(result) ``` ## Training procedure You can download the source code for fine-tuning from [here](https://github.com/tsmatz/huggingface-finetune-japanese/blob/master/01-named-entity.ipynb). ### Training hyperparameters The following hyperparameters were used during training: - learning_rate: 5e-05 - train_batch_size: 12 - eval_batch_size: 12 - seed: 42 - optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 - lr_scheduler_type: linear - num_epochs: 5 ### Training results | Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | F1 | |:-------------:|:-----:|:----:|:---------------:|:------:| | No log | 1.0 | 446 | 0.1510 | 0.8457 | | No log | 2.0 | 892 | 0.0626 | 0.9261 | | No log | 3.0 | 1338 | 0.0366 | 0.9580 | | No log | 4.0 | 1784 | 0.0196 | 0.9792 | | No log | 5.0 | 2230 | 0.0173 | 0.9864 | ### Framework versions - Transformers 4.23.1 - Pytorch 1.12.1+cu102 - Datasets 2.6.1 - Tokenizers 0.13.1

tner/roberta-large-ontonotes5

tner

transformers

token-classification

--- datasets: - tner/ontonotes5 metrics: - f1 - precision - recall model-index: - name: tner/roberta-large-ontonotes5 results: - task: name: Token Classification type: token-classification dataset: name: tner/ontonotes5 type: tner/ontonotes5 args: tner/ontonotes5 metrics: - name: F1 type: f1 value: 0.908632361399938 - name: Precision type: precision value: 0.905148095909732 - name: Recall type: recall value: 0.9121435551212579 - name: F1 (macro) type: f1_macro value: 0.8265477704565624 - name: Precision (macro) type: precision_macro value: 0.8170668848546687 - name: Recall (macro) type: recall_macro value: 0.8387672780349001 - name: F1 (entity span) type: f1_entity_span value: 0.9284544931640193 - name: Precision (entity span) type: precision_entity_span value: 0.9248942172073342 - name: Recall (entity span) type: recall_entity_span value: 0.9320422848005685 pipeline_tag: token-classification widget: - text: "Jacob Collier is a Grammy awarded artist from England." example_title: "NER Example 1" --- # tner/roberta-large-ontonotes5 This model is a fine-tuned version of [roberta-large](https://huggingface.co/roberta-large) on the [tner/ontonotes5](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tner/ontonotes5) dataset. Model fine-tuning is done via [T-NER](https://github.com/asahi417/tner)'s hyper-parameter search (see the repository for more detail). It achieves the following results on the test set: - F1 (micro): 0.908632361399938 - Precision (micro): 0.905148095909732 - Recall (micro): 0.9121435551212579 - F1 (macro): 0.8265477704565624 - Precision (macro): 0.8170668848546687 - Recall (macro): 0.8387672780349001 The per-entity breakdown of the F1 score on the test set are below: - cardinal_number: 0.8605277329025309 - date: 0.872996300863132 - event: 0.7424242424242424 - facility: 0.7732342007434945 - geopolitical_area: 0.9687148323205043 - group: 0.9470588235294117 - language: 0.7499999999999999 - law: 0.6666666666666666 - location: 0.7593582887700535 - money: 0.901098901098901 - ordinal_number: 0.85785536159601 - organization: 0.9227360841872057 - percent: 0.9171428571428571 - person: 0.9556004036326943 - product: 0.7857142857142858 - quantity: 0.7945205479452055 - time: 0.6870588235294116 - work_of_art: 0.7151515151515151 For F1 scores, the confidence interval is obtained by bootstrap as below: - F1 (micro): - 90%: [0.9039454247544766, 0.9128956119702822] - 95%: [0.9030263216115454, 0.9138350859566045] - F1 (macro): - 90%: [0.9039454247544766, 0.9128956119702822] - 95%: [0.9030263216115454, 0.9138350859566045] Full evaluation can be found at [metric file of NER](https://huggingface.co/tner/roberta-large-ontonotes5/raw/main/eval/metric.json) and [metric file of entity span](https://huggingface.co/tner/roberta-large-ontonotes5/raw/main/eval/metric_span.json). ### Usage This model can be used through the [tner library](https://github.com/asahi417/tner). Install the library via pip ```shell pip install tner ``` and activate model as below. ```python from tner import TransformersNER model = TransformersNER("tner/roberta-large-ontonotes5") model.predict(["Jacob Collier is a Grammy awarded English artist from London"]) ``` It can be used via transformers library but it is not recommended as CRF layer is not supported at the moment. ### Training hyperparameters The following hyperparameters were used during training: - dataset: ['tner/ontonotes5'] - dataset_split: train - dataset_name: None - local_dataset: None - model: roberta-large - crf: True - max_length: 128 - epoch: 15 - batch_size: 64 - lr: 1e-05 - random_seed: 42 - gradient_accumulation_steps: 1 - weight_decay: None - lr_warmup_step_ratio: 0.1 - max_grad_norm: 10.0 The full configuration can be found at [fine-tuning parameter file](https://huggingface.co/tner/roberta-large-ontonotes5/raw/main/trainer_config.json). ### Reference If you use any resource from T-NER, please consider to cite our [paper](https://aclanthology.org/2021.eacl-demos.7/). ``` @inproceedings{ushio-camacho-collados-2021-ner, title = "{T}-{NER}: An All-Round Python Library for Transformer-based Named Entity Recognition", author = "Ushio, Asahi and Camacho-Collados, Jose", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations", month = apr, year = "2021", address = "Online", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.eacl-demos.7", doi = "10.18653/v1/2021.eacl-demos.7", pages = "53--62", abstract = "Language model (LM) pretraining has led to consistent improvements in many NLP downstream tasks, including named entity recognition (NER). In this paper, we present T-NER (Transformer-based Named Entity Recognition), a Python library for NER LM finetuning. In addition to its practical utility, T-NER facilitates the study and investigation of the cross-domain and cross-lingual generalization ability of LMs finetuned on NER. Our library also provides a web app where users can get model predictions interactively for arbitrary text, which facilitates qualitative model evaluation for non-expert programmers. We show the potential of the library by compiling nine public NER datasets into a unified format and evaluating the cross-domain and cross- lingual performance across the datasets. The results from our initial experiments show that in-domain performance is generally competitive across datasets. However, cross-domain generalization is challenging even with a large pretrained LM, which has nevertheless capacity to learn domain-specific features if fine- tuned on a combined dataset. To facilitate future research, we also release all our LM checkpoints via the Hugging Face model hub.", } ```

google-bert/bert-base-chinese

google-bert

transformers

fill-mask

--- language: zh --- # Bert-base-chinese ## Table of Contents - [Model Details](#model-details) - [Uses](#uses) - [Risks, Limitations and Biases](#risks-limitations-and-biases) - [Training](#training) - [Evaluation](#evaluation) - [How to Get Started With the Model](#how-to-get-started-with-the-model) ## Model Details ### Model Description This model has been pre-trained for Chinese, training and random input masking has been applied independently to word pieces (as in the original BERT paper). - **Developed by:** HuggingFace team - **Model Type:** Fill-Mask - **Language(s):** Chinese - **License:** [More Information needed] - **Parent Model:** See the [BERT base uncased model](https://huggingface.co/bert-base-uncased) for more information about the BERT base model. ### Model Sources - **Paper:** [BERT](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805) ## Uses #### Direct Use This model can be used for masked language modeling ## Risks, Limitations and Biases **CONTENT WARNING: Readers should be aware this section contains content that is disturbing, offensive, and can propagate historical and current stereotypes.** Significant research has explored bias and fairness issues with language models (see, e.g., [Sheng et al. (2021)](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.330.pdf) and [Bender et al. (2021)](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3442188.3445922)). ## Training #### Training Procedure * **type_vocab_size:** 2 * **vocab_size:** 21128 * **num_hidden_layers:** 12 #### Training Data [More Information Needed] ## Evaluation #### Results [More Information Needed] ## How to Get Started With the Model ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForMaskedLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-chinese") model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("bert-base-chinese") ```

dbmdz/bert-large-cased-finetuned-conll03-english

dbmdz

transformers

token-classification

Entry not found

Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct

Qwen

transformers

image-text-to-text

--- license: apache-2.0 language: - en pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text tags: - multimodal library_name: transformers --- # Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct ## Introduction We're excited to unveil **Qwen2-VL**, the latest iteration of our Qwen-VL model, representing nearly a year of innovation. ### What’s New in Qwen2-VL? #### Key Enhancements: * **SoTA understanding of images of various resolution & ratio**: Qwen2-VL achieves state-of-the-art performance on visual understanding benchmarks, including MathVista, DocVQA, RealWorldQA, MTVQA, etc. * **Understanding videos of 20min+**: Qwen2-VL can understand videos over 20 minutes for high-quality video-based question answering, dialog, content creation, etc. * **Agent that can operate your mobiles, robots, etc.**: with the abilities of complex reasoning and decision making, Qwen2-VL can be integrated with devices like mobile phones, robots, etc., for automatic operation based on visual environment and text instructions. * **Multilingual Support**: to serve global users, besides English and Chinese, Qwen2-VL now supports the understanding of texts in different languages inside images, including most European languages, Japanese, Korean, Arabic, Vietnamese, etc. #### Model Architecture Updates: * **Naive Dynamic Resolution**: Unlike before, Qwen2-VL can handle arbitrary image resolutions, mapping them into a dynamic number of visual tokens, offering a more human-like visual processing experience. <p align="center"> <img src="https://qianwen-res.oss-accelerate-overseas.aliyuncs.com/Qwen2-VL/qwen2_vl.jpg" width="80%"/> <p> * **Multimodal Rotary Position Embedding (M-ROPE)**: Decomposes positional embedding into parts to capture 1D textual, 2D visual, and 3D video positional information, enhancing its multimodal processing capabilities. <p align="center"> <img src="http://qianwen-res.oss-accelerate-overseas.aliyuncs.com/Qwen2-VL/mrope.png" width="80%"/> <p> We have three models with 2, 7 and 72 billion parameters. This repo contains the instruction-tuned 7B Qwen2-VL model. For more information, visit our [Blog](https://qwenlm.github.io/blog/qwen2-vl/) and [GitHub](https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen2-VL). ## Evaluation ### Image Benchmarks | Benchmark | InternVL2-8B | MiniCPM-V 2.6 | GPT-4o-mini | **Qwen2-VL-7B** | | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | MMMU_val | 51.8 | 49.8 | **60**| 54.1 | | DocVQA_test | 91.6 | 90.8 | - | **94.5** | | InfoVQA_test | 74.8 | - | - |**76.5** | | ChartQA_test | **83.3** | - |- | 83.0 | | TextVQA_val | 77.4 | 80.1 | -| **84.3** | | OCRBench | 794 | **852** | 785 | 845 | | MTVQA | - | - | -| **26.3** | | VCR_{en easy} | - | 73.88 | 83.60 | **89.70** | | VCR_{zh easy} | - | 10.18| 1.10 | **59.94** | | RealWorldQA | 64.4 | - | - | **70.1** | | MME_sum | 2210.3 | **2348.4** | 2003.4| 2326.8 | | MMBench-EN_test | 81.7 | - | - | **83.0** | | MMBench-CN_test | **81.2** | - | - | 80.5 | | MMBench-V1.1_test | 79.4 | 78.0 | 76.0| **80.7** | | MMT-Bench_test | - | - | - |**63.7** | | MMStar | **61.5** | 57.5 | 54.8 | 60.7 | | MMVet_GPT-4-Turbo | 54.2 | 60.0 | **66.9** | 62.0 | | HallBench_avg | 45.2 | 48.1 | 46.1| **50.6** | | MathVista_testmini | 58.3 | **60.6** | 52.4 | 58.2 | | MathVision | - | - | - | **16.3** | ### Video Benchmarks | Benchmark | Internvl2-8B | LLaVA-OneVision-7B | MiniCPM-V 2.6 | **Qwen2-VL-7B** | | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | MVBench | 66.4 | 56.7 | - | **67.0** | | PerceptionTest_test | - | 57.1 | - | **62.3** | | EgoSchema_test | - | 60.1 | - | **66.7** | | Video-MME_{wo/w subs} | 54.0/56.9 | 58.2/- | 60.9/63.6 | **63.3**/**69.0** | ## Requirements The code of Qwen2-VL has been in the latest Hugging face transformers and we advise you to build from source with command `pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers`, or you might encounter the following error: ``` KeyError: 'qwen2_vl' ``` ## Quickstart We offer a toolkit to help you handle various types of visual input more conveniently. This includes base64, URLs, and interleaved images and videos. You can install it using the following command: ```bash pip install qwen-vl-utils ``` Here we show a code snippet to show you how to use the chat model with `transformers` and `qwen_vl_utils`: ```python from transformers import Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration, AutoTokenizer, AutoProcessor from qwen_vl_utils import process_vision_info # default: Load the model on the available device(s) model = Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained( "Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct", torch_dtype="auto", device_map="auto" ) # We recommend enabling flash_attention_2 for better acceleration and memory saving, especially in multi-image and video scenarios. # model = Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained( # "Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct", # torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, # attn_implementation="flash_attention_2", # device_map="auto", # ) # default processer processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct") # The default range for the number of visual tokens per image in the model is 4-16384. You can set min_pixels and max_pixels according to your needs, such as a token count range of 256-1280, to balance speed and memory usage. # min_pixels = 256*28*28 # max_pixels = 1280*28*28 # processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct", min_pixels=min_pixels, max_pixels=max_pixels) messages = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ { "type": "image", "image": "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg", }, {"type": "text", "text": "Describe this image."}, ], } ] # Preparation for inference text = processor.apply_chat_template( messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True ) image_inputs, video_inputs = process_vision_info(messages) inputs = processor( text=[text], images=image_inputs, videos=video_inputs, padding=True, return_tensors="pt", ) inputs = inputs.to("cuda") # Inference: Generation of the output generated_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=128) generated_ids_trimmed = [ out_ids[len(in_ids) :] for in_ids, out_ids in zip(inputs.input_ids, generated_ids) ] output_text = processor.batch_decode( generated_ids_trimmed, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False ) print(output_text) ``` <details> <summary>Without qwen_vl_utils</summary> ```python from PIL import Image import requests import torch from torchvision import io from typing import Dict from transformers import Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration, AutoTokenizer, AutoProcessor # Load the model in half-precision on the available device(s) model = Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained( "Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct", torch_dtype="auto", device_map="auto" ) processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct") # Image url = "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg" image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw) conversation = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ { "type": "image", }, {"type": "text", "text": "Describe this image."}, ], } ] # Preprocess the inputs text_prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True) # Excepted output: '<|im_start|>system\nYou are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\n<|vision_start|><|image_pad|><|vision_end|>Describe this image.<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n' inputs = processor( text=[text_prompt], images=[image], padding=True, return_tensors="pt" ) inputs = inputs.to("cuda") # Inference: Generation of the output output_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=128) generated_ids = [ output_ids[len(input_ids) :] for input_ids, output_ids in zip(inputs.input_ids, output_ids) ] output_text = processor.batch_decode( generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=True ) print(output_text) ``` </details> <details> <summary>Multi image inference</summary> ```python # Messages containing multiple images and a text query messages = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ {"type": "image", "image": "file:///path/to/image1.jpg"}, {"type": "image", "image": "file:///path/to/image2.jpg"}, {"type": "text", "text": "Identify the similarities between these images."}, ], } ] # Preparation for inference text = processor.apply_chat_template( messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True ) image_inputs, video_inputs = process_vision_info(messages) inputs = processor( text=[text], images=image_inputs, videos=video_inputs, padding=True, return_tensors="pt", ) inputs = inputs.to("cuda") # Inference generated_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=128) generated_ids_trimmed = [ out_ids[len(in_ids) :] for in_ids, out_ids in zip(inputs.input_ids, generated_ids) ] output_text = processor.batch_decode( generated_ids_trimmed, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False ) print(output_text) ``` </details> <details> <summary>Video inference</summary> ```python # Messages containing a images list as a video and a text query messages = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ { "type": "video", "video": [ "file:///path/to/frame1.jpg", "file:///path/to/frame2.jpg", "file:///path/to/frame3.jpg", "file:///path/to/frame4.jpg", ], "fps": 1.0, }, {"type": "text", "text": "Describe this video."}, ], } ] # Messages containing a video and a text query messages = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ { "type": "video", "video": "file:///path/to/video1.mp4", "max_pixels": 360 * 420, "fps": 1.0, }, {"type": "text", "text": "Describe this video."}, ], } ] # Preparation for inference text = processor.apply_chat_template( messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True ) image_inputs, video_inputs = process_vision_info(messages) inputs = processor( text=[text], images=image_inputs, videos=video_inputs, padding=True, return_tensors="pt", ) inputs = inputs.to("cuda") # Inference generated_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=128) generated_ids_trimmed = [ out_ids[len(in_ids) :] for in_ids, out_ids in zip(inputs.input_ids, generated_ids) ] output_text = processor.batch_decode( generated_ids_trimmed, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False ) print(output_text) ``` </details> <details> <summary>Batch inference</summary> ```python # Sample messages for batch inference messages1 = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ {"type": "image", "image": "file:///path/to/image1.jpg"}, {"type": "image", "image": "file:///path/to/image2.jpg"}, {"type": "text", "text": "What are the common elements in these pictures?"}, ], } ] messages2 = [ {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"}, ] # Combine messages for batch processing messages = [messages1, messages1] # Preparation for batch inference texts = [ processor.apply_chat_template(msg, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True) for msg in messages ] image_inputs, video_inputs = process_vision_info(messages) inputs = processor( text=texts, images=image_inputs, videos=video_inputs, padding=True, return_tensors="pt", ) inputs = inputs.to("cuda") # Batch Inference generated_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=128) generated_ids_trimmed = [ out_ids[len(in_ids) :] for in_ids, out_ids in zip(inputs.input_ids, generated_ids) ] output_texts = processor.batch_decode( generated_ids_trimmed, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False ) print(output_texts) ``` </details> ### More Usage Tips For input images, we support local files, base64, and URLs. For videos, we currently only support local files. ```python # You can directly insert a local file path, a URL, or a base64-encoded image into the position where you want in the text. ## Local file path messages = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ {"type": "image", "image": "file:///path/to/your/image.jpg"}, {"type": "text", "text": "Describe this image."}, ], } ] ## Image URL messages = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ {"type": "image", "image": "http://path/to/your/image.jpg"}, {"type": "text", "text": "Describe this image."}, ], } ] ## Base64 encoded image messages = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ {"type": "image", "image": "data:image;base64,/9j/..."}, {"type": "text", "text": "Describe this image."}, ], } ] ``` #### Image Resolution for performance boost The model supports a wide range of resolution inputs. By default, it uses the native resolution for input, but higher resolutions can enhance performance at the cost of more computation. Users can set the minimum and maximum number of pixels to achieve an optimal configuration for their needs, such as a token count range of 256-1280, to balance speed and memory usage. ```python min_pixels = 256 * 28 * 28 max_pixels = 1280 * 28 * 28 processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained( "Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct", min_pixels=min_pixels, max_pixels=max_pixels ) ``` Besides, We provide two methods for fine-grained control over the image size input to the model: 1. Define min_pixels and max_pixels: Images will be resized to maintain their aspect ratio within the range of min_pixels and max_pixels. 2. Specify exact dimensions: Directly set `resized_height` and `resized_width`. These values will be rounded to the nearest multiple of 28. ```python # min_pixels and max_pixels messages = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ { "type": "image", "image": "file:///path/to/your/image.jpg", "resized_height": 280, "resized_width": 420, }, {"type": "text", "text": "Describe this image."}, ], } ] # resized_height and resized_width messages = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ { "type": "image", "image": "file:///path/to/your/image.jpg", "min_pixels": 50176, "max_pixels": 50176, }, {"type": "text", "text": "Describe this image."}, ], } ] ``` ## Limitations While Qwen2-VL are applicable to a wide range of visual tasks, it is equally important to understand its limitations. Here are some known restrictions: 1. Lack of Audio Support: The current model does **not comprehend audio information** within videos. 2. Data timeliness: Our image dataset is **updated until June 2023**, and information subsequent to this date may not be covered. 3. Constraints in Individuals and Intellectual Property (IP): The model's capacity to recognize specific individuals or IPs is limited, potentially failing to comprehensively cover all well-known personalities or brands. 4. Limited Capacity for Complex Instruction: When faced with intricate multi-step instructions, the model's understanding and execution capabilities require enhancement. 5. Insufficient Counting Accuracy: Particularly in complex scenes, the accuracy of object counting is not high, necessitating further improvements. 6. Weak Spatial Reasoning Skills: Especially in 3D spaces, the model's inference of object positional relationships is inadequate, making it difficult to precisely judge the relative positions of objects. These limitations serve as ongoing directions for model optimization and improvement, and we are committed to continually enhancing the model's performance and scope of application. ## Citation If you find our work helpful, feel free to give us a cite. ``` @article{Qwen2VL, title={Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution}, author={Wang, Peng and Bai, Shuai and Tan, Sinan and Wang, Shijie and Fan, Zhihao and Bai, Jinze and Chen, Keqin and Liu, Xuejing and Wang, Jialin and Ge, Wenbin and Fan, Yang and Dang, Kai and Du, Mengfei and Ren, Xuancheng and Men, Rui and Liu, Dayiheng and Zhou, Chang and Zhou, Jingren and Lin, Junyang}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.12191}, year={2024} } @article{Qwen-VL, title={Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyond}, author={Bai, Jinze and Bai, Shuai and Yang, Shusheng and Wang, Shijie and Tan, Sinan and Wang, Peng and Lin, Junyang and Zhou, Chang and Zhou, Jingren}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.12966}, year={2023} } ```

meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf

meta-llama

transformers

text-generation

--- extra_gated_heading: You need to share contact information with Meta to access this model extra_gated_prompt: >- ### LLAMA 2 COMMUNITY LICENSE AGREEMENT "Agreement" means the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, distribution and modification of the Llama Materials set forth herein. "Documentation" means the specifications, manuals and documentation accompanying Llama 2 distributed by Meta at https://ai.meta.com/resources/models-and-libraries/llama-downloads/. "Licensee" or "you" means you, or your employer or any other person or entity (if you are entering into this Agreement on such person or entity's behalf), of the age required under applicable laws, rules or regulations to provide legal consent and that has legal authority to bind your employer or such other person or entity if you are entering in this Agreement on their behalf. 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Disclaimer of Warranty. UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE LLAMA MATERIALS AND ANY OUTPUT AND RESULTS THEREFROM ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATENESS OF USING OR REDISTRIBUTING THE LLAMA MATERIALS AND ASSUME ANY RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH YOUR USE OF THE LLAMA MATERIALS AND ANY OUTPUT AND RESULTS. 4. Limitation of Liability. IN NO EVENT WILL META OR ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE UNDER ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, PRODUCTS LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, EVEN IF META OR ITS AFFILIATES HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY OF THE FOREGOING. 5. Intellectual Property. a. No trademark licenses are granted under this Agreement, and in connection with the Llama Materials, neither Meta nor Licensee may use any name or mark owned by or associated with the other or any of its affiliates, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing and redistributing the Llama Materials. b. Subject to Meta's ownership of Llama Materials and derivatives made by or for Meta, with respect to any derivative works and modifications of the Llama Materials that are made by you, as between you and Meta, you are and will be the owner of such derivative works and modifications. c. If you institute litigation or other proceedings against Meta or any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Llama Materials or Llama 2 outputs or results, or any portion of any of the foregoing, constitutes infringement of intellectual property or other rights owned or licensable by you, then any licenses granted to you under this Agreement shall terminate as of the date such litigation or claim is filed or instituted. You will indemnify and hold harmless Meta from and against any claim by any third party arising out of or related to your use or distribution of the Llama Materials. 6. Term and Termination. The term of this Agreement will commence upon your acceptance of this Agreement or access to the Llama Materials and will continue in full force and effect until terminated in accordance with the terms and conditions herein. Meta may terminate this Agreement if you are in breach of any term or condition of this Agreement. Upon termination of this Agreement, you shall delete and cease use of the Llama Materials. Sections 3, 4 and 7 shall survive the termination of this Agreement. 7. Governing Law and Jurisdiction. This Agreement will be governed and construed under the laws of the State of California without regard to choice of law principles, and the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods does not apply to this Agreement. The courts of California shall have exclusive jurisdiction of any dispute arising out of this Agreement. ### Llama 2 Acceptable Use Policy Meta is committed to promoting safe and fair use of its tools and features, including Llama 2. If you access or use Llama 2, you agree to this Acceptable Use Policy (“Policy”). The most recent copy of this policy can be found at [ai.meta.com/llama/use-policy](http://ai.meta.com/llama/use-policy). #### Prohibited Uses We want everyone to use Llama 2 safely and responsibly. You agree you will not use, or allow others to use, Llama 2 to: 1. Violate the law or others’ rights, including to: 1. Engage in, promote, generate, contribute to, encourage, plan, incite, or further illegal or unlawful activity or content, such as: 1. Violence or terrorism 2. Exploitation or harm to children, including the solicitation, creation, acquisition, or dissemination of child exploitative content or failure to report Child Sexual Abuse Material 3. Human trafficking, exploitation, and sexual violence 4. The illegal distribution of information or materials to minors, including obscene materials, or failure to employ legally required age-gating in connection with such information or materials. 5. Sexual solicitation 6. Any other criminal activity 2. Engage in, promote, incite, or facilitate the harassment, abuse, threatening, or bullying of individuals or groups of individuals 3. Engage in, promote, incite, or facilitate discrimination or other unlawful or harmful conduct in the provision of employment, employment benefits, credit, housing, other economic benefits, or other essential goods and services 4. Engage in the unauthorized or unlicensed practice of any profession including, but not limited to, financial, legal, medical/health, or related professional practices 5. Collect, process, disclose, generate, or infer health, demographic, or other sensitive personal or private information about individuals without rights and consents required by applicable laws 6. Engage in or facilitate any action or generate any content that infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any third-party rights, including the outputs or results of any products or services using the Llama 2 Materials 7. Create, generate, or facilitate the creation of malicious code, malware, computer viruses or do anything else that could disable, overburden, interfere with or impair the proper working, integrity, operation or appearance of a website or computer system 2. Engage in, promote, incite, facilitate, or assist in the planning or development of activities that present a risk of death or bodily harm to individuals, including use of Llama 2 related to the following: 1. Military, warfare, nuclear industries or applications, espionage, use for materials or activities that are subject to the International Traffic Arms Regulations (ITAR) maintained by the United States Department of State 2. Guns and illegal weapons (including weapon development) 3. Illegal drugs and regulated/controlled substances 4. Operation of critical infrastructure, transportation technologies, or heavy machinery 5. Self-harm or harm to others, including suicide, cutting, and eating disorders 6. Any content intended to incite or promote violence, abuse, or any infliction of bodily harm to an individual 3. Intentionally deceive or mislead others, including use of Llama 2 related to the following: 1. Generating, promoting, or furthering fraud or the creation or promotion of disinformation 2. Generating, promoting, or furthering defamatory content, including the creation of defamatory statements, images, or other content 3. Generating, promoting, or further distributing spam 4. Impersonating another individual without consent, authorization, or legal right 5. Representing that the use of Llama 2 or outputs are human-generated 6. Generating or facilitating false online engagement, including fake reviews and other means of fake online engagement 4. Fail to appropriately disclose to end users any known dangers of your AI system Please report any violation of this Policy, software “bug,” or other problems that could lead to a violation of this Policy through one of the following means: * Reporting issues with the model: [github.com/facebookresearch/llama](http://github.com/facebookresearch/llama) * Reporting risky content generated by the model: [developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback](http://developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback) * Reporting bugs and security concerns: [facebook.com/whitehat/info](http://facebook.com/whitehat/info) * Reporting violations of the Acceptable Use Policy or unlicensed uses of Llama: [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) extra_gated_fields: First Name: text Last Name: text Date of birth: date_picker Country: country Affiliation: text geo: ip_location By clicking Submit below I accept the terms of the license and acknowledge that the information I provide will be collected stored processed and shared in accordance with the Meta Privacy Policy: checkbox extra_gated_description: >- The information you provide will be collected, stored, processed and shared in accordance with the [Meta Privacy Policy](https://www.facebook.com/privacy/policy/). extra_gated_button_content: Submit language: - en pipeline_tag: text-generation tags: - facebook - meta - pytorch - llama - llama-2 license: llama2 --- # **Llama 2** Llama 2 is a collection of pretrained and fine-tuned generative text models ranging in scale from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters. This is the repository for the 7B pretrained model, converted for the Hugging Face Transformers format. Links to other models can be found in the index at the bottom. ## Model Details *Note: Use of this model is governed by the Meta license. In order to download the model weights and tokenizer, please visit the [website](https://ai.meta.com/resources/models-and-libraries/llama-downloads/) and accept our License before requesting access here.* Meta developed and publicly released the Llama 2 family of large language models (LLMs), a collection of pretrained and fine-tuned generative text models ranging in scale from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters. Our fine-tuned LLMs, called Llama-2-Chat, are optimized for dialogue use cases. Llama-2-Chat models outperform open-source chat models on most benchmarks we tested, and in our human evaluations for helpfulness and safety, are on par with some popular closed-source models like ChatGPT and PaLM. **Model Developers** Meta **Variations** Llama 2 comes in a range of parameter sizes — 7B, 13B, and 70B — as well as pretrained and fine-tuned variations. **Input** Models input text only. **Output** Models generate text only. **Model Architecture** Llama 2 is an auto-regressive language model that uses an optimized transformer architecture. The tuned versions use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) to align to human preferences for helpfulness and safety. ||Training Data|Params|Content Length|GQA|Tokens|LR| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |Llama 2|*A new mix of publicly available online data*|7B|4k|&#10007;|2.0T|3.0 x 10^-4| |Llama 2|*A new mix of publicly available online data*|13B|4k|&#10007;|2.0T|3.0 x 10^-4| |Llama 2|*A new mix of publicly available online data*|70B|4k|&#10004;|2.0T|1.5 x 10^-4| *Llama 2 family of models.* Token counts refer to pretraining data only. All models are trained with a global batch-size of 4M tokens. Bigger models - 70B -- use Grouped-Query Attention (GQA) for improved inference scalability. **Model Dates** Llama 2 was trained between January 2023 and July 2023. **Status** This is a static model trained on an offline dataset. Future versions of the tuned models will be released as we improve model safety with community feedback. **License** A custom commercial license is available at: [https://ai.meta.com/resources/models-and-libraries/llama-downloads/](https://ai.meta.com/resources/models-and-libraries/llama-downloads/) **Research Paper** ["Llama-2: Open Foundation and Fine-tuned Chat Models"](arxiv.org/abs/2307.09288) ## Intended Use **Intended Use Cases** Llama 2 is intended for commercial and research use in English. Tuned models are intended for assistant-like chat, whereas pretrained models can be adapted for a variety of natural language generation tasks. To get the expected features and performance for the chat versions, a specific formatting needs to be followed, including the `INST` and `<<SYS>>` tags, `BOS` and `EOS` tokens, and the whitespaces and breaklines in between (we recommend calling `strip()` on inputs to avoid double-spaces). See our reference code in github for details: [`chat_completion`](https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama/blob/main/llama/generation.py#L212). **Out-of-scope Uses** Use in any manner that violates applicable laws or regulations (including trade compliance laws).Use in languages other than English. Use in any other way that is prohibited by the Acceptable Use Policy and Licensing Agreement for Llama 2. ## Hardware and Software **Training Factors** We used custom training libraries, Meta's Research Super Cluster, and production clusters for pretraining. Fine-tuning, annotation, and evaluation were also performed on third-party cloud compute. **Carbon Footprint** Pretraining utilized a cumulative 3.3M GPU hours of computation on hardware of type A100-80GB (TDP of 350-400W). Estimated total emissions were 539 tCO2eq, 100% of which were offset by Meta’s sustainability program. ||Time (GPU hours)|Power Consumption (W)|Carbon Emitted(tCO₂eq)| |---|---|---|---| |Llama 2 7B|184320|400|31.22| |Llama 2 13B|368640|400|62.44| |Llama 2 70B|1720320|400|291.42| |Total|3311616||539.00| **CO₂ emissions during pretraining.** Time: total GPU time required for training each model. Power Consumption: peak power capacity per GPU device for the GPUs used adjusted for power usage efficiency. 100% of the emissions are directly offset by Meta's sustainability program, and because we are openly releasing these models, the pretraining costs do not need to be incurred by others. ## Training Data **Overview** Llama 2 was pretrained on 2 trillion tokens of data from publicly available sources. The fine-tuning data includes publicly available instruction datasets, as well as over one million new human-annotated examples. Neither the pretraining nor the fine-tuning datasets include Meta user data. **Data Freshness** The pretraining data has a cutoff of September 2022, but some tuning data is more recent, up to July 2023. ## Evaluation Results In this section, we report the results for the Llama 1 and Llama 2 models on standard academic benchmarks.For all the evaluations, we use our internal evaluations library. |Model|Size|Code|Commonsense Reasoning|World Knowledge|Reading Comprehension|Math|MMLU|BBH|AGI Eval| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |Llama 1|7B|14.1|60.8|46.2|58.5|6.95|35.1|30.3|23.9| |Llama 1|13B|18.9|66.1|52.6|62.3|10.9|46.9|37.0|33.9| |Llama 1|33B|26.0|70.0|58.4|67.6|21.4|57.8|39.8|41.7| |Llama 1|65B|30.7|70.7|60.5|68.6|30.8|63.4|43.5|47.6| |Llama 2|7B|16.8|63.9|48.9|61.3|14.6|45.3|32.6|29.3| |Llama 2|13B|24.5|66.9|55.4|65.8|28.7|54.8|39.4|39.1| |Llama 2|70B|**37.5**|**71.9**|**63.6**|**69.4**|**35.2**|**68.9**|**51.2**|**54.2**| **Overall performance on grouped academic benchmarks.** *Code:* We report the average pass@1 scores of our models on HumanEval and MBPP. *Commonsense Reasoning:* We report the average of PIQA, SIQA, HellaSwag, WinoGrande, ARC easy and challenge, OpenBookQA, and CommonsenseQA. We report 7-shot results for CommonSenseQA and 0-shot results for all other benchmarks. *World Knowledge:* We evaluate the 5-shot performance on NaturalQuestions and TriviaQA and report the average. *Reading Comprehension:* For reading comprehension, we report the 0-shot average on SQuAD, QuAC, and BoolQ. *MATH:* We report the average of the GSM8K (8 shot) and MATH (4 shot) benchmarks at top 1. |||TruthfulQA|Toxigen| |---|---|---|---| |Llama 1|7B|27.42|23.00| |Llama 1|13B|41.74|23.08| |Llama 1|33B|44.19|22.57| |Llama 1|65B|48.71|21.77| |Llama 2|7B|33.29|**21.25**| |Llama 2|13B|41.86|26.10| |Llama 2|70B|**50.18**|24.60| **Evaluation of pretrained LLMs on automatic safety benchmarks.** For TruthfulQA, we present the percentage of generations that are both truthful and informative (the higher the better). For ToxiGen, we present the percentage of toxic generations (the smaller the better). |||TruthfulQA|Toxigen| |---|---|---|---| |Llama-2-Chat|7B|57.04|**0.00**| |Llama-2-Chat|13B|62.18|**0.00**| |Llama-2-Chat|70B|**64.14**|0.01| **Evaluation of fine-tuned LLMs on different safety datasets.** Same metric definitions as above. ## Ethical Considerations and Limitations Llama 2 is a new technology that carries risks with use. Testing conducted to date has been in English, and has not covered, nor could it cover all scenarios. For these reasons, as with all LLMs, Llama 2’s potential outputs cannot be predicted in advance, and the model may in some instances produce inaccurate, biased or other objectionable responses to user prompts. Therefore, before deploying any applications of Llama 2, developers should perform safety testing and tuning tailored to their specific applications of the model. Please see the Responsible Use Guide available at [https://ai.meta.com/llama/responsible-use-guide/](https://ai.meta.com/llama/responsible-use-guide) ## Reporting Issues Please report any software “bug,” or other problems with the models through one of the following means: - Reporting issues with the model: [github.com/facebookresearch/llama](http://github.com/facebookresearch/llama) - Reporting problematic content generated by the model: [developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback](http://developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback) - Reporting bugs and security concerns: [facebook.com/whitehat/info](http://facebook.com/whitehat/info) ## Llama Model Index |Model|Llama2|Llama2-hf|Llama2-chat|Llama2-chat-hf| |---|---|---|---|---| |7B| [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf)| |13B| [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-13b) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-13b-hf) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-13b-chat) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-13b-chat-hf)| |70B| [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-70b) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-70b-hf) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-70b-chat) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-70b-chat-hf)|

kredor/punctuate-all

kredor

transformers

token-classification

--- license: mit datasets: - wmt/europarl metrics: - f1 - recall - precision --- This is based on [Oliver Guhr's work](https://huggingface.co/oliverguhr/fullstop-punctuation-multilang-large). The difference is that it is a finetuned xlm-roberta-base instead of an xlm-roberta-large and on twelve languages instead of four. The languages are: English, German, French, Spanish, Bulgarian, Italian, Polish, Dutch, Czech, Portugese, Slovak, Slovenian. ----- report ----- precision recall f1-score support 0 0.99 0.99 0.99 73317475 . 0.94 0.95 0.95 4484845 , 0.86 0.86 0.86 6100650 ? 0.88 0.85 0.86 136479 - 0.60 0.29 0.39 233630 : 0.71 0.49 0.58 152424 accuracy 0.98 84425503 macro avg 0.83 0.74 0.77 84425503 weighted avg 0.98 0.98 0.98 84425503 ----- confusion matrix ----- t/p 0 . , ? - : 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 . 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 , 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 ? 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 - 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 : 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5

Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-base

Salesforce

transformers

image-to-text

--- pipeline_tag: image-to-text tags: - image-captioning languages: - en license: bsd-3-clause --- # BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation Model card for image captioning pretrained on COCO dataset - base architecture (with ViT base backbone). |  | |:--:| | <b> Pull figure from BLIP official repo | Image source: https://github.com/salesforce/BLIP </b>| ## TL;DR Authors from the [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.12086) write in the abstract: *Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) has advanced the performance for many vision-language tasks. However, most existing pre-trained models only excel in either understanding-based tasks or generation-based tasks. Furthermore, performance improvement has been largely achieved by scaling up the dataset with noisy image-text pairs collected from the web, which is a suboptimal source of supervision. In this paper, we propose BLIP, a new VLP framework which transfers flexibly to both vision-language understanding and generation tasks. BLIP effectively utilizes the noisy web data by bootstrapping the captions, where a captioner generates synthetic captions and a filter removes the noisy ones. We achieve state-of-the-art results on a wide range of vision-language tasks, such as image-text retrieval (+2.7% in average recall@1), image captioning (+2.8% in CIDEr), and VQA (+1.6% in VQA score). BLIP also demonstrates strong generalization ability when directly transferred to videolanguage tasks in a zero-shot manner. Code, models, and datasets are released.* ## Usage You can use this model for conditional and un-conditional image captioning ### Using the Pytorch model #### Running the model on CPU <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python import requests from PIL import Image from transformers import BlipProcessor, BlipForConditionalGeneration processor = BlipProcessor.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-base") model = BlipForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-base") img_url = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/sfr-vision-language-research/BLIP/demo.jpg' raw_image = Image.open(requests.get(img_url, stream=True).raw).convert('RGB') # conditional image captioning text = "a photography of" inputs = processor(raw_image, text, return_tensors="pt") out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) # >>> a photography of a woman and her dog # unconditional image captioning inputs = processor(raw_image, return_tensors="pt") out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) >>> a woman sitting on the beach with her dog ``` </details> #### Running the model on GPU ##### In full precision <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python import requests from PIL import Image from transformers import BlipProcessor, BlipForConditionalGeneration processor = BlipProcessor.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-base") model = BlipForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-base").to("cuda") img_url = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/sfr-vision-language-research/BLIP/demo.jpg' raw_image = Image.open(requests.get(img_url, stream=True).raw).convert('RGB') # conditional image captioning text = "a photography of" inputs = processor(raw_image, text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda") out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) # >>> a photography of a woman and her dog # unconditional image captioning inputs = processor(raw_image, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda") out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) >>> a woman sitting on the beach with her dog ``` </details> ##### In half precision (`float16`) <details> <summary> Click to expand </summary> ```python import torch import requests from PIL import Image from transformers import BlipProcessor, BlipForConditionalGeneration processor = BlipProcessor.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-base") model = BlipForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("Salesforce/blip-image-captioning-base", torch_dtype=torch.float16).to("cuda") img_url = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/sfr-vision-language-research/BLIP/demo.jpg' raw_image = Image.open(requests.get(img_url, stream=True).raw).convert('RGB') # conditional image captioning text = "a photography of" inputs = processor(raw_image, text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda", torch.float16) out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) # >>> a photography of a woman and her dog # unconditional image captioning inputs = processor(raw_image, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda", torch.float16) out = model.generate(**inputs) print(processor.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) >>> a woman sitting on the beach with her dog ``` </details> ## BibTex and citation info ``` @misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2201.12086, doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2201.12086}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.12086}, author = {Li, Junnan and Li, Dongxu and Xiong, Caiming and Hoi, Steven}, keywords = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences}, title = {BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation}, publisher = {arXiv}, year = {2022}, copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International} } ```

vectara/hallucination_evaluation_model

vectara

transformers

text-classification

--- language: en license: apache-2.0 base_model: google/flan-t5-base pipline_tag: text-classficiation --- <img src="https://huggingface.co/vectara/hallucination_evaluation_model/resolve/main/candle.png" width="50" height="50" style="display: inline;"> In Loving memory of Simon Mark Hughes... **Highlights**: * HHEM-2.1-Open shows a significant improvement over HHEM-1.0. * HHEM-2.1-Open outperforms GPT-3.5-Turbo and even GPT-4. * HHEM-2.1-Open can be run on consumer-grade hardware, occupying less than 600MB RAM space at 32-bit precision and elapsing around 1.5 seconds for a 2k-token input on a modern x86 CPU. > HHEM-2.1-Open introduces breaking changes to the usage. Please update your code according to the [new usage](#using-hhem-21-open) below. We are working making it compatible with HuggingFace's Inference Endpoint. We apologize for the inconvenience. HHEM-2.1-Open is a major upgrade to [HHEM-1.0-Open](https://huggingface.co/vectara/hallucination_evaluation_model/tree/hhem-1.0-open) created by [Vectara](https://vectara.com) in November 2023. The HHEM model series are designed for detecting hallucinations in LLMs. They are particularly useful in the context of building retrieval-augmented-generation (RAG) applications where a set of facts is summarized by an LLM, and HHEM can be used to measure the extent to which this summary is factually consistent with the facts. If you are interested to learn more about RAG or experiment with Vectara, you can [sign up](https://console.vectara.com/signup/?utm_source=huggingface&utm_medium=space&utm_term=hhem-model&utm_content=console&utm_campaign=) for a free Vectara account. [**Try out HHEM-2.1-Open from your browser without coding** ](http://13.57.203.109:3000/) ## Hallucination Detection 101 By "hallucinated" or "factually inconsistent", we mean that a text (hypothesis, to be judged) is not supported by another text (evidence/premise, given). You **always need two** pieces of text to determine whether a text is hallucinated or not. When applied to RAG (retrieval augmented generation), the LLM is provided with several pieces of text (often called facts or context) retrieved from some dataset, and a hallucination would indicate that the summary (hypothesis) is not supported by those facts (evidence). A common type of hallucination in RAG is **factual but hallucinated**. For example, given the premise _"The capital of France is Berlin"_, the hypothesis _"The capital of France is Paris"_ is hallucinated -- although it is true in the world knowledge. This happens when LLMs do not generate content based on the textual data provided to them as part of the RAG retrieval process, but rather generate content based on their pre-trained knowledge. Additionally, hallucination detection is "asymmetric" or is not commutative. For example, the hypothesis _"I visited Iowa"_ is considered hallucinated given the premise _"I visited the United States"_, but the reverse is consistent. ## Using HHEM-2.1-Open > HHEM-2.1 has some breaking change from HHEM-1.0. Your code that works with HHEM-1 (November 2023) will not work anymore. While we are working on backward compatibility, please follow the new usage instructions below. Here we provide several ways to use HHEM-2.1-Open in the `transformers` library. > You may run into a warning message that "Token indices sequence length is longer than the specified maximum sequence length". Please ignore it which is inherited from the foundation, T5-base. ### Using with `AutoModel` This is the most end-to-end and out-of-the-box way to use HHEM-2.1-Open. It takes a list of pairs of (premise, hypothesis) as the input and returns a score between 0 and 1 for each parir where 0 means that the hypothesis is not evidenced at all by the premise and 1 means the hypothesis is fully supported by the premise. ```python from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification pairs = [ # Test data, List[Tuple[str, str]] ("The capital of France is Berlin.", "The capital of France is Paris."), # factual but hallucinated ('I am in California', 'I am in United States.'), # Consistent ('I am in United States', 'I am in California.'), # Hallucinated ("A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.", "A person is outdoors, on a horse."), ("A boy is jumping on skateboard in the middle of a red bridge.", "The boy skates down the sidewalk on a red bridge"), ("A man with blond-hair, and a brown shirt drinking out of a public water fountain.", "A blond man wearing a brown shirt is reading a book."), ("Mark Wahlberg was a fan of Manny.", "Manny was a fan of Mark Wahlberg.") ] # Step 1: Load the model model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained( 'vectara/hallucination_evaluation_model', trust_remote_code=True) # Step 2: Use the model to predict model.predict(pairs) # note the predict() method. Do not do model(pairs). # tensor([0.0111, 0.6474, 0.1290, 0.8969, 0.1846, 0.0050, 0.0543]) ``` ### Using with `pipeline` In the popular `pipeline` class of the `transformers` library, you have to manually prepare the data using the prompt template in which we trained the model. HHEM-2.1-Open has two output neurons, corresponding to the labels `hallucinated` and `consistent` respectively. In the example below, we will ask `pipeline` to return the scores for both labels (by setting `top_k=None`, formerly `return_all_scores=True`) and then extract the score for the `consistent` label. ```python from transformers import pipeline, AutoTokenizer pairs = [ # Test data, List[Tuple[str, str]] ("The capital of France is Berlin.", "The capital of France is Paris."), ('I am in California', 'I am in United States.'), ('I am in United States', 'I am in California.'), ("A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.", "A person is outdoors, on a horse."), ("A boy is jumping on skateboard in the middle of a red bridge.", "The boy skates down the sidewalk on a red bridge"), ("A man with blond-hair, and a brown shirt drinking out of a public water fountain.", "A blond man wearing a brown shirt is reading a book."), ("Mark Wahlberg was a fan of Manny.", "Manny was a fan of Mark Wahlberg.") ] # Prompt the pairs prompt = "<pad> Determine if the hypothesis is true given the premise?\n\nPremise: {text1}\n\nHypothesis: {text2}" input_pairs = [prompt.format(text1=pair[0], text2=pair[1]) for pair in pairs] # Use text-classification pipeline to predict classifier = pipeline( "text-classification", model='vectara/hallucination_evaluation_model', tokenizer=AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('google/flan-t5-base'), trust_remote_code=True ) full_scores = classifier(input_pairs, top_k=None) # List[List[Dict[str, float]]] # Optional: Extract the scores for the 'consistent' label simple_scores = [score_dict['score'] for score_for_both_labels in full_scores for score_dict in score_for_both_labels if score_dict['label'] == 'consistent'] print(simple_scores) # Expected output: [0.011061512865126133, 0.6473632454872131, 0.1290171593427658, 0.8969419002532959, 0.18462494015693665, 0.005031010136008263, 0.05432349815964699] ``` Of course, with `pipeline`, you can also get the most likely label, or the label with the highest score, by setting `top_k=1`. ## HHEM-2.1-Open vs. HHEM-1.0 The major difference between HHEM-2.1-Open and the original HHEM-1.0 is that HHEM-2.1-Open has an unlimited context length, while HHEM-1.0 is capped at 512 tokens. The longer context length allows HHEM-2.1-Open to provide more accurate hallucination detection for RAG which often needs more than 512 tokens. The tables below compare the two models on the [AggreFact](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.12854) and [RAGTruth](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.00396) benchmarks, as well as GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4. In particular, on AggreFact, we focus on its SOTA subset (denoted as `AggreFact-SOTA`) which contains summaries generated by Google's T5, Meta's BART, and Google's Pegasus, which are the three latest models in the AggreFact benchmark. The results on RAGTruth's summarization (denoted as `RAGTruth-Summ`) and QA (denoted as `RAGTruth-QA`) subsets are reported separately. The GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4 versions are 01-25 and 06-13 respectively. The zero-shot results of the two GPT models were obtained using the prompt template in [this paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.15621). Table 1: Performance on AggreFact-SOTA | model | Balanced Accuracy | F1 | Recall | Precision | |:------------------------|---------:|-------:|-------:|----------:| | HHEM-1.0 | 78.87% | 90.47% | 70.81% | 67.27% | | HHEM-2.1-Open | 76.55% | 66.77% | 68.48% | 65.13% | | GPT-3.5-Turbo zero-shot | 72.19% | 60.88% | 58.48% | 63.49% | | GPT-4 06-13 zero-shot | 73.78% | 63.87% | 53.03% | 80.28% | Table 2: Performance on RAGTruth-Summ | model | Balanced Accuracy | F1 | Recall | Precision | |:----------------------|---------:|-----------:|----------:|----------:| | HHEM-1.0 | 53.36% | 15.77% | 9.31% | 51.35% | | HHEM-2.1-Open | 64.42% | 44.83% | 31.86% | 75.58% | | GPT-3.5-Turbo zero-shot | 58.49% | 29.72% | 18.14% | 82.22% | | GPT-4 06-13 zero-shot | 62.62% | 40.59% | 26.96% | 82.09% | Table 3: Performance on RAGTruth-QA | model | Balanced Accuracy | F1 | Recall | Precision | |:----------------------|---------:|-----------:|----------:|----------:| | HHEM-1.0 | 52.58% | 19.40% | 16.25% | 24.07% | | HHEM-2.1-Open | 74.28% | 60.00% | 54.38% | 66.92% | | GPT-3.5-Turbo zero-shot | 56.16% | 25.00% | 18.13% | 40.28% | | GPT-4 06-13 zero-shot | 74.11% | 57.78% | 56.88% | 58.71% | The tables above show that HHEM-2.1-Open has a significant improvement over HHEM-1.0 in the RAGTruth-Summ and RAGTruth-QA benchmarks, while it has a slight decrease in the AggreFact-SOTA benchmark. However, when interpreting these results, please note that AggreFact-SOTA is evaluated on relatively older types of LLMs: - LLMs in AggreFact-SOTA: T5, BART, and Pegasus; - LLMs in RAGTruth: GPT-4-0613, GPT-3.5-turbo-0613, Llama-2-7B/13B/70B-chat, and Mistral-7B-instruct. ## HHEM-2.1-Open vs. GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4 From the tables above we can also conclude that HHEM-2.1-Open outperforms both GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4 in all three benchmarks. The quantitative advantage of HHEM-2.1-Open over GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4 is summarized in Table 4 below. Table 4: Percentage points of HHEM-2.1-Open's balanced accuracies over GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4 | | AggreFact-SOTA | RAGTruth-Summ | RAGTruth-QA | |:----------------------|---------:|-----------:|----------:| | HHEM-2.1-Open **over** GPT-3.5-Turbo | 4.36% | 5.93% | 18.12% | | HHEM-2.1-Open **over** GPT-4 | 2.64% | 1.80% | 0.17% | Another advantage of HHEM-2.1-Open is its efficiency. HHEM-2.1-Open can be run on consumer-grade hardware, occupying less than 600MB RAM space at 32-bit precision and elapsing around 1.5 second for a 2k-token input on a modern x86 CPU. ## HHEM-2.1: The more powerful, proprietary counterpart of HHEM-2.1-Open As you may have already sensed from the name, HHEM-2.1-Open is the open source version of the premium HHEM-2.1. HHEM-2.1 (without the `-Open`) is offered exclusively via Vectara's RAG-as-a-service platform. The major difference between HHEM-2.1 and HHEM-2.1-Open is that HHEM-2.1 is cross-lingual on three languages: English, German, and French, while HHEM-2.1-Open is English-only. "Cross-lingual" means any combination of the three languages, e.g., documents in German, query in English, results in French. ### Why RAG in Vectara? Vectara provides a Trusted Generative AI platform. The platform allows organizations to rapidly create an AI assistant experience which is grounded in the data, documents, and knowledge that they have. Vectara's serverless RAG-as-a-Service also solves critical problems required for enterprise adoption, namely: reduces hallucination, provides explainability / provenance, enforces access control, allows for real-time updatability of the knowledge, and mitigates intellectual property / bias concerns from large language models. To start benefiting from HHEM-2.1, you can [sign up](https://console.vectara.com/signup/?utm_source=huggingface&utm_medium=space&utm_term=hhem-model&utm_content=console&utm_campaign=) for a free Vectara account, and you will get the HHEM-2.1 score returned with every query automatically. Here are some additional resources: 1. Vectara [API documentation](https://docs.vectara.com/docs). 2. Quick start using Forrest's [`vektara` package](https://vektara.readthedocs.io/en/latest/crash_course.html). 3. Learn more about Vectara's [Boomerang embedding model](https://vectara.com/blog/introducing-boomerang-vectaras-new-and-improved-retrieval-model/), [Slingshot reranker](https://vectara.com/blog/deep-dive-into-vectara-multilingual-reranker-v1-state-of-the-art-reranker-across-100-languages/), and [Mockingbird LLM](https://vectara.com/blog/mockingbird-a-rag-and-structured-output-focused-llm/) ## LLM Hallucination Leaderboard If you want to stay up to date with results of the latest tests using this model to evaluate the top LLM models, we have a [public leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/vectara/leaderboard) that is periodically updated, and results are also available on the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/vectara/hallucination-leaderboard).

llava-hf/llava-v1.6-mistral-7b-hf

llava-hf

transformers

image-text-to-text

--- license: apache-2.0 tags: - vision - image-text-to-text language: - en pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text --- # LLaVa-Next, leveraging [mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2) as LLM The LLaVA-NeXT model was proposed in [LLaVA-NeXT: Improved reasoning, OCR, and world knowledge](https://llava-vl.github.io/blog/2024-01-30-llava-next/) by Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Yuheng Li, Bo Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Sheng Shen, Yong Jae Lee. LLaVa-NeXT (also called LLaVa-1.6) improves upon [LLaVa-1.5](https://huggingface.co/transformers/main/model_doc/llava.html) by increasing the input image resolution and training on an improved visual instruction tuning dataset to improve OCR and common sense reasoning. Disclaimer: The team releasing LLaVa-NeXT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. ## Model description LLaVa combines a pre-trained large language model with a pre-trained vision encoder for multimodal chatbot use cases. LLaVA 1.6 improves on LLaVA 1.5 BY: - Using [Mistral-7B](https://mistral.ai/news/announcing-mistral-7b/) (for this checkpoint) and [Nous-Hermes-2-Yi-34B](https://huggingface.co/NousResearch/Nous-Hermes-2-Yi-34B) which has better commercial licenses, and bilingual support - More diverse and high quality data mixture - Dynamic high resolution  ## Intended uses & limitations You can use the raw model for tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, multimodal chatbot use cases. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?search=llava-hf) to look for other versions on a task that interests you. ### How to use Here's the prompt template for this model: ``` "[INST] <image>\nWhat is shown in this image? [/INST]" ``` You can load and use the model like following: ```python from transformers import LlavaNextProcessor, LlavaNextForConditionalGeneration import torch from PIL import Image import requests processor = LlavaNextProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/llava-v1.6-mistral-7b-hf") model = LlavaNextForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("llava-hf/llava-v1.6-mistral-7b-hf", torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True) model.to("cuda:0") # prepare image and text prompt, using the appropriate prompt template url = "https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/blob/1a91fc274d7c35a9b50b3cb29c4247ae5837ce39/images/llava_v1_5_radar.jpg?raw=true" image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw) # Define a chat histiry and use `apply_chat_template` to get correctly formatted prompt # Each value in "content" has to be a list of dicts with types ("text", "image") conversation = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ {"type": "text", "text": "What is shown in this image?"}, {"type": "image"}, ], }, ] prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True) inputs = processor(images=image, text=prompt, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda:0") # autoregressively complete prompt output = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100) print(processor.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) ``` ### Model optimization #### 4-bit quantization through `bitsandbytes` library First make sure to install `bitsandbytes`, `pip install bitsandbytes` and make sure to have access to a CUDA compatible GPU device. Simply change the snippet above with: ```diff model = LlavaNextForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained( model_id, torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, + load_in_4bit=True ) ``` #### Use Flash-Attention 2 to further speed-up generation First make sure to install `flash-attn`. Refer to the [original repository of Flash Attention](https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention) regarding that package installation. Simply change the snippet above with: ```diff model = LlavaNextForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained( model_id, torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, + use_flash_attention_2=True ).to(0) ``` ### BibTeX entry and citation info ```bibtex @misc{liu2023improved, title={Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning}, author={Haotian Liu and Chunyuan Li and Yuheng Li and Yong Jae Lee}, year={2023}, eprint={2310.03744}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } ```

Ashishkr/query_wellformedness_score

Ashishkr

transformers

text-classification

--- license: apache-2.0 inference: false datasets: google_wellformed_query --- ```DOI @misc {ashish_kumar_2024, author = { {Ashish Kumar} }, title = { query_wellformedness_score (Revision 55a424c) }, year = 2024, url = { https://huggingface.co/Ashishkr/query_wellformedness_score }, doi = { 10.57967/hf/1980 }, publisher = { Hugging Face } } ``` **Intended Use Cases** *Content Creation*: Validate the well-formedness of written content. *Educational Platforms*: Helps students check the grammaticality of their sentences. *Chatbots & Virtual Assistants*: To validate user queries or generate well-formed responses. **contact: [email protected]** **Model name**: Query Wellformedness Scoring **Description** : Evaluate the well-formedness of sentences by checking grammatical correctness and completeness. Sensitive to case and penalizes sentences for incorrect grammar and case. **Features**: - *Wellformedness Score*: Provides a score indicating grammatical correctness and completeness. - *Case Sensitivity*: Recognizes and penalizes incorrect casing in sentences. - *Broad Applicability*: Can be used on a wide range of sentences. **Example**: 1. Dogs are mammals. 2. she loves to read books on history. 3. When the rain in Spain. 4. Eating apples are healthy for you. 5. The Eiffel Tower is in Paris. Among these sentences: Sentences 1 and 5 are well-formed and have correct grammar and case. Sentence 2 starts with a lowercase letter. Sentence 3 is a fragment and is not well-formed. Sentence 4 has a subject-verb agreement error. **example_usage:** *library: HuggingFace transformers* ```python import torch from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Ashishkr/query_wellformedness_score") model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("Ashishkr/query_wellformedness_score") sentences = [ "The quarterly financial report are showing an increase.", # Incorrect "Him has completed the audit for last fiscal year.", # Incorrect "Please to inform the board about the recent developments.", # Incorrect "The team successfully achieved all its targets for the last quarter.", # Correct "Our company is exploring new ventures in the European market." # Correct ] features = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors="pt") model.eval() with torch.no_grad(): scores = model(**features).logits print(scores) ``` Cite Ashishkr/query_wellformedness_score

peft-internal-testing/tiny-dummy-qwen2

peft-internal-testing

transformers

text-generation

--- library_name: transformers tags: [] --- # Model Card for Model ID <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. --> ## Model Details ### Model Description <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. --> This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated. - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed] - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed] - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed] - **Model type:** [More Information Needed] - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed] - **License:** [More Information Needed] - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed] ### Model Sources [optional] <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. --> - **Repository:** [More Information Needed] - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed] - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed] ## Uses <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. --> ### Direct Use <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. --> [More Information Needed] ### Downstream Use [optional] <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app --> [More Information Needed] ### Out-of-Scope Use <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. --> [More Information Needed] ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. --> [More Information Needed] ### Recommendations <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. --> Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations. ## How to Get Started with the Model Use the code below to get started with the model. [More Information Needed] ## Training Details ### Training Data <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. --> [More Information Needed] ### Training Procedure <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. --> #### Preprocessing [optional] [More Information Needed] #### Training Hyperparameters - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision --> #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional] <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. --> [More Information Needed] ## Evaluation <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. --> ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics #### Testing Data <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. --> [More Information Needed] #### Factors <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. --> [More Information Needed] #### Metrics <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. --> [More Information Needed] ### Results [More Information Needed] #### Summary ## Model Examination [optional] <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here --> [More Information Needed] ## Environmental Impact <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly --> Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700). - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed] - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed] - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed] - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed] - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed] ## Technical Specifications [optional] ### Model Architecture and Objective [More Information Needed] ### Compute Infrastructure [More Information Needed] #### Hardware [More Information Needed] #### Software [More Information Needed] ## Citation [optional] <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. --> **BibTeX:** [More Information Needed] **APA:** [More Information Needed] ## Glossary [optional] <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. --> [More Information Needed] ## More Information [optional] [More Information Needed] ## Model Card Authors [optional] [More Information Needed] ## Model Card Contact [More Information Needed]

llava-hf/llama3-llava-next-8b-hf

llava-hf

transformers

image-text-to-text

--- license: llama3 tags: - vision - image-text-to-text language: - en pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text --- # LLaVa-Next Model Card The LLaVA-NeXT model was proposed in [LLaVA-NeXT: Stronger LLMs Supercharge Multimodal Capabilities in the Wild ](https://llava-vl.github.io/blog/2024-05-10-llava-next-stronger-llms/) by Bo Li, Kaichen Zhang, Hao Zhang, Dong Guo, Renrui Zhang, Feng Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Ziwei Liu, Chunyuan Li. These LLaVa-NeXT series improves upon [LLaVa-1.6](https://llava-vl.github.io/blog/2024-01-30-llava-next/) by training with stringer language backbones, improving the performance. Disclaimer: The team releasing LLaVa-NeXT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. ## Model description LLaVa combines a pre-trained large language model with a pre-trained vision encoder for multimodal chatbot use cases. LLaVA NeXT Llama3 improves on LLaVA 1.6 BY: - More diverse and high quality data mixture - Better and bigger language backbone Base LLM: [meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct)  ## Intended uses & limitations You can use the raw model for tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, multimodal chatbot use cases. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?search=llava-hf) to look for other versions on a task that interests you. ### How to use You can load and use the model like following: ```python from transformers import LlavaNextProcessor, LlavaNextForConditionalGeneration import torch from PIL import Image import requests processor = LlavaNextProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/llama3-llava-next-8b-hf") model = LlavaNextForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("llava-hf/llama3-llava-next-8b-hf", torch_dtype=torch.float16, device_map="auto") # prepare image and text prompt, using the appropriate prompt template url = "https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/blob/1a91fc274d7c35a9b50b3cb29c4247ae5837ce39/images/llava_v1_5_radar.jpg?raw=true" image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw) # Define a chat histiry and use `apply_chat_template` to get correctly formatted prompt # Each value in "content" has to be a list of dicts with types ("text", "image") conversation = [ { "role": "user", "content": [ {"type": "text", "text": "What is shown in this image?"}, {"type": "image"}, ], }, ] prompt = processor.apply_chat_template(conversation, add_generation_prompt=True) inputs = processor(images=image, text=prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device) # autoregressively complete prompt output = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100) print(processor.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) ``` ### Model optimization #### 4-bit quantization through `bitsandbytes` library First make sure to install `bitsandbytes`, `pip install bitsandbytes` and make sure to have access to a CUDA compatible GPU device. Simply change the snippet above with: ```diff model = LlavaNextForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained( model_id, torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, + load_in_4bit=True ) ``` #### Use Flash-Attention 2 to further speed-up generation First make sure to install `flash-attn`. Refer to the [original repository of Flash Attention](https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention) regarding that package installation. Simply change the snippet above with: ```diff model = LlavaNextForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained( model_id, torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, + use_flash_attention_2=True ).to(0) ``` ### Training Data - 558K filtered image-text pairs from LAION/CC/SBU, captioned by BLIP. - 158K GPT-generated multimodal instruction-following data. - 500K academic-task-oriented VQA data mixture. - 50K GPT-4V data mixture. - 40K ShareGPT data. ### BibTeX entry and citation info ```bibtex @misc{li2024llavanext-strong, title={LLaVA-NeXT: Stronger LLMs Supercharge Multimodal Capabilities in the Wild}, url={https://llava-vl.github.io/blog/2024-05-10-llava-next-stronger-llms/}, author={Li, Bo and Zhang, Kaichen and Zhang, Hao and Guo, Dong and Zhang, Renrui and Li, Feng and Zhang, Yuanhan and Liu, Ziwei and Li, Chunyuan}, month={May}, year={2024} } ```

intfloat/multilingual-e5-base

intfloat

sentence-transformers

sentence-similarity

--- tags: - mteb - Sentence Transformers - sentence-similarity - sentence-transformers model-index: - name: multilingual-e5-base results: - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 78.97014925373135 - type: ap value: 43.69351129103008 - type: f1 value: 73.38075030070492 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (de) config: de split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 71.7237687366167 - type: ap value: 82.22089859962671 - type: f1 value: 69.95532758884401 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (en-ext) config: en-ext split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 79.65517241379312 - type: ap value: 28.507918657094738 - type: f1 value: 66.84516013726119 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_counterfactual name: MTEB AmazonCounterfactualClassification (ja) config: ja split: test revision: e8379541af4e31359cca9fbcf4b00f2671dba205 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 73.32976445396146 - type: ap value: 20.720481637566014 - type: f1 value: 59.78002763416003 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_polarity name: MTEB AmazonPolarityClassification config: default split: test revision: e2d317d38cd51312af73b3d32a06d1a08b442046 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 90.63775 - type: ap value: 87.22277903861716 - type: f1 value: 90.60378636386807 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (en) config: en split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 44.546 - type: f1 value: 44.05666638370923 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (de) config: de split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 41.828 - type: f1 value: 41.2710255644252 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (es) config: es split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 40.534 - type: f1 value: 39.820743174270326 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (fr) config: fr split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 39.684 - type: f1 value: 39.11052682815307 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (ja) config: ja split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 37.436 - type: f1 value: 37.07082931930871 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/amazon_reviews_multi name: MTEB AmazonReviewsClassification (zh) config: zh split: test revision: 1399c76144fd37290681b995c656ef9b2e06e26d metrics: - type: accuracy value: 37.226000000000006 - type: f1 value: 36.65372077739185 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: arguana name: MTEB ArguAna config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 22.831000000000003 - type: map_at_10 value: 36.42 - type: map_at_100 value: 37.699 - type: map_at_1000 value: 37.724000000000004 - type: map_at_3 value: 32.207 - type: map_at_5 value: 34.312 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 23.257 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 36.574 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 37.854 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 37.878 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 32.385000000000005 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 34.48 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 22.831000000000003 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 44.230000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 49.974000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 50.522999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 35.363 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 39.164 - type: precision_at_1 value: 22.831000000000003 - type: precision_at_10 value: 6.935 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.9520000000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.099 - type: precision_at_3 value: 14.841 - type: precision_at_5 value: 10.754 - type: recall_at_1 value: 22.831000000000003 - type: recall_at_10 value: 69.346 - type: recall_at_100 value: 95.235 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 99.36 - type: recall_at_3 value: 44.523 - type: recall_at_5 value: 53.769999999999996 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/arxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB ArxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: a122ad7f3f0291bf49cc6f4d32aa80929df69d5d metrics: - type: v_measure value: 40.27789869854063 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/arxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB ArxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: f910caf1a6075f7329cdf8c1a6135696f37dbd53 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 35.41979463347428 - task: type: Reranking dataset: type: mteb/askubuntudupquestions-reranking name: MTEB AskUbuntuDupQuestions config: default split: test revision: 2000358ca161889fa9c082cb41daa8dcfb161a54 metrics: - type: map value: 58.22752045109304 - type: mrr value: 71.51112430198303 - task: type: STS dataset: type: mteb/biosses-sts name: MTEB BIOSSES config: default split: test revision: d3fb88f8f02e40887cd149695127462bbcf29b4a metrics: - type: cos_sim_pearson value: 84.71147646622866 - type: cos_sim_spearman value: 85.059167046486 - type: euclidean_pearson value: 75.88421613600647 - type: euclidean_spearman value: 75.12821787150585 - type: manhattan_pearson value: 75.22005646957604 - type: manhattan_spearman value: 74.42880434453272 - task: type: BitextMining dataset: type: mteb/bucc-bitext-mining name: MTEB BUCC (de-en) config: de-en split: test revision: d51519689f32196a32af33b075a01d0e7c51e252 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 99.23799582463465 - type: f1 value: 99.12665274878218 - type: precision value: 99.07098121085595 - type: recall value: 99.23799582463465 - task: type: BitextMining dataset: type: mteb/bucc-bitext-mining name: MTEB BUCC (fr-en) config: fr-en split: test revision: d51519689f32196a32af33b075a01d0e7c51e252 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 97.88685890380806 - type: f1 value: 97.59336708489249 - type: precision value: 97.44662117543473 - type: recall value: 97.88685890380806 - task: type: BitextMining dataset: type: mteb/bucc-bitext-mining name: MTEB BUCC (ru-en) config: ru-en split: test revision: d51519689f32196a32af33b075a01d0e7c51e252 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 97.47142362313821 - type: f1 value: 97.1989377670015 - type: precision value: 97.06384944001847 - type: recall value: 97.47142362313821 - task: type: BitextMining dataset: type: mteb/bucc-bitext-mining name: MTEB BUCC (zh-en) config: zh-en split: test revision: d51519689f32196a32af33b075a01d0e7c51e252 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 98.4728804634018 - type: f1 value: 98.2973494821836 - type: precision value: 98.2095839915745 - type: recall value: 98.4728804634018 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/banking77 name: MTEB Banking77Classification config: default split: test revision: 0fd18e25b25c072e09e0d92ab615fda904d66300 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 82.74025974025975 - type: f1 value: 82.67420447730439 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/biorxiv-clustering-p2p name: MTEB BiorxivClusteringP2P config: default split: test revision: 65b79d1d13f80053f67aca9498d9402c2d9f1f40 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 35.0380848063507 - task: type: Clustering dataset: type: mteb/biorxiv-clustering-s2s name: MTEB BiorxivClusteringS2S config: default split: test revision: 258694dd0231531bc1fd9de6ceb52a0853c6d908 metrics: - type: v_measure value: 29.45956405670166 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackAndroidRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 32.122 - type: map_at_10 value: 42.03 - type: map_at_100 value: 43.364000000000004 - type: map_at_1000 value: 43.474000000000004 - type: map_at_3 value: 38.804 - type: map_at_5 value: 40.585 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 39.914 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 48.227 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 49.018 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 49.064 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 45.994 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 47.396 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 39.914 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 47.825 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 52.852 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 54.891 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 43.517 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 45.493 - type: precision_at_1 value: 39.914 - type: precision_at_10 value: 8.956 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.388 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.182 - type: precision_at_3 value: 20.791999999999998 - type: precision_at_5 value: 14.821000000000002 - type: recall_at_1 value: 32.122 - type: recall_at_10 value: 58.294999999999995 - type: recall_at_100 value: 79.726 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 93.099 - type: recall_at_3 value: 45.017 - type: recall_at_5 value: 51.002 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackEnglishRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 29.677999999999997 - type: map_at_10 value: 38.684000000000005 - type: map_at_100 value: 39.812999999999995 - type: map_at_1000 value: 39.945 - type: map_at_3 value: 35.831 - type: map_at_5 value: 37.446 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 37.771 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 44.936 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 45.583 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 45.634 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 42.771 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 43.994 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 37.771 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 44.059 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 48.192 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 50.375 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 40.172000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 41.899 - type: precision_at_1 value: 37.771 - type: precision_at_10 value: 8.286999999999999 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.322 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.178 - type: precision_at_3 value: 19.406000000000002 - type: precision_at_5 value: 13.745 - type: recall_at_1 value: 29.677999999999997 - type: recall_at_10 value: 53.071 - type: recall_at_100 value: 70.812 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 84.841 - type: recall_at_3 value: 41.016000000000005 - type: recall_at_5 value: 46.22 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackGamingRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 42.675000000000004 - type: map_at_10 value: 53.93599999999999 - type: map_at_100 value: 54.806999999999995 - type: map_at_1000 value: 54.867 - type: map_at_3 value: 50.934000000000005 - type: map_at_5 value: 52.583 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 48.339 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 57.265 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 57.873 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 57.906 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 55.193000000000005 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 56.303000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 48.339 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 59.19799999999999 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 62.743 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 63.99399999999999 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 54.367 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 56.548 - type: precision_at_1 value: 48.339 - type: precision_at_10 value: 9.216000000000001 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.1809999999999998 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.134 - type: precision_at_3 value: 23.72 - type: precision_at_5 value: 16.025 - type: recall_at_1 value: 42.675000000000004 - type: recall_at_10 value: 71.437 - type: recall_at_100 value: 86.803 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 95.581 - type: recall_at_3 value: 58.434 - type: recall_at_5 value: 63.754 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackGisRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 23.518 - type: map_at_10 value: 30.648999999999997 - type: map_at_100 value: 31.508999999999997 - type: map_at_1000 value: 31.604 - type: map_at_3 value: 28.247 - type: map_at_5 value: 29.65 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 25.650000000000002 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 32.771 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 33.554 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 33.629999999999995 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 30.433 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 31.812 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 25.650000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 34.929 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 39.382 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 41.913 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 30.292 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 32.629999999999995 - type: precision_at_1 value: 25.650000000000002 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.311 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.792 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.105 - type: precision_at_3 value: 12.58 - type: precision_at_5 value: 8.994 - type: recall_at_1 value: 23.518 - type: recall_at_10 value: 46.19 - type: recall_at_100 value: 67.123 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 86.442 - type: recall_at_3 value: 33.678000000000004 - type: recall_at_5 value: 39.244 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackMathematicaRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 15.891 - type: map_at_10 value: 22.464000000000002 - type: map_at_100 value: 23.483 - type: map_at_1000 value: 23.613 - type: map_at_3 value: 20.080000000000002 - type: map_at_5 value: 21.526 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 20.025000000000002 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 26.712999999999997 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 27.650000000000002 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 27.737000000000002 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 24.274 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 25.711000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 20.025000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 27.028999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 32.064 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 35.188 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 22.512999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 24.89 - type: precision_at_1 value: 20.025000000000002 - type: precision_at_10 value: 4.776 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.8500000000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.125 - type: precision_at_3 value: 10.531 - type: precision_at_5 value: 7.811 - type: recall_at_1 value: 15.891 - type: recall_at_10 value: 37.261 - type: recall_at_100 value: 59.12 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 81.356 - type: recall_at_3 value: 24.741 - type: recall_at_5 value: 30.753999999999998 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackPhysicsRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 27.544 - type: map_at_10 value: 36.283 - type: map_at_100 value: 37.467 - type: map_at_1000 value: 37.574000000000005 - type: map_at_3 value: 33.528999999999996 - type: map_at_5 value: 35.028999999999996 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 34.166999999999994 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 41.866 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 42.666 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 42.716 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 39.541 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 40.768 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 34.166999999999994 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 41.577 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 46.687 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 48.967 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 37.177 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 39.097 - type: precision_at_1 value: 34.166999999999994 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.420999999999999 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.165 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.154 - type: precision_at_3 value: 17.291999999999998 - type: precision_at_5 value: 12.166 - type: recall_at_1 value: 27.544 - type: recall_at_10 value: 51.99399999999999 - type: recall_at_100 value: 73.738 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 89.33 - type: recall_at_3 value: 39.179 - type: recall_at_5 value: 44.385999999999996 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackProgrammersRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 26.661 - type: map_at_10 value: 35.475 - type: map_at_100 value: 36.626999999999995 - type: map_at_1000 value: 36.741 - type: map_at_3 value: 32.818000000000005 - type: map_at_5 value: 34.397 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 32.647999999999996 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 40.784 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 41.602 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 41.661 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 38.68 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 39.838 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 32.647999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 40.697 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 45.799 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 48.235 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 36.516 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 38.515 - type: precision_at_1 value: 32.647999999999996 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.202999999999999 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.1360000000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.151 - type: precision_at_3 value: 17.314 - type: precision_at_5 value: 12.145999999999999 - type: recall_at_1 value: 26.661 - type: recall_at_10 value: 50.995000000000005 - type: recall_at_100 value: 73.065 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 89.781 - type: recall_at_3 value: 39.073 - type: recall_at_5 value: 44.395 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 25.946583333333333 - type: map_at_10 value: 33.79725 - type: map_at_100 value: 34.86408333333333 - type: map_at_1000 value: 34.9795 - type: map_at_3 value: 31.259999999999998 - type: map_at_5 value: 32.71541666666666 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 30.863749999999996 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 37.99183333333333 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 38.790499999999994 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 38.85575000000001 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 35.82083333333333 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 37.07533333333333 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 30.863749999999996 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 38.52141666666667 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 43.17966666666667 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 45.64608333333333 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 34.333000000000006 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 36.34975 - type: precision_at_1 value: 30.863749999999996 - type: precision_at_10 value: 6.598999999999999 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.0502500000000001 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.14400000000000002 - type: precision_at_3 value: 15.557583333333334 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.020000000000001 - type: recall_at_1 value: 25.946583333333333 - type: recall_at_10 value: 48.36991666666666 - type: recall_at_100 value: 69.02408333333334 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 86.43858333333331 - type: recall_at_3 value: 36.4965 - type: recall_at_5 value: 41.76258333333334 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackStatsRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 22.431 - type: map_at_10 value: 28.889 - type: map_at_100 value: 29.642000000000003 - type: map_at_1000 value: 29.742 - type: map_at_3 value: 26.998 - type: map_at_5 value: 28.172000000000004 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 25.307000000000002 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 31.763 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 32.443 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 32.531 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 29.959000000000003 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 31.063000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 25.307000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 32.586999999999996 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 36.5 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 39.133 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 29.25 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 31.023 - type: precision_at_1 value: 25.307000000000002 - type: precision_at_10 value: 4.954 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.747 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.104 - type: precision_at_3 value: 12.577 - type: precision_at_5 value: 8.741999999999999 - type: recall_at_1 value: 22.431 - type: recall_at_10 value: 41.134 - type: recall_at_100 value: 59.28600000000001 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 78.857 - type: recall_at_3 value: 31.926 - type: recall_at_5 value: 36.335 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackTexRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 17.586 - type: map_at_10 value: 23.304 - type: map_at_100 value: 24.159 - type: map_at_1000 value: 24.281 - type: map_at_3 value: 21.316 - type: map_at_5 value: 22.383 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 21.645 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 27.365000000000002 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 28.108 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 28.192 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 25.482 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 26.479999999999997 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 21.645 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 27.306 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 31.496000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 34.53 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 23.73 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 25.294 - type: precision_at_1 value: 21.645 - type: precision_at_10 value: 4.797 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.8059999999999999 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.121 - type: precision_at_3 value: 10.850999999999999 - type: precision_at_5 value: 7.736 - type: recall_at_1 value: 17.586 - type: recall_at_10 value: 35.481 - type: recall_at_100 value: 54.534000000000006 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 76.456 - type: recall_at_3 value: 25.335 - type: recall_at_5 value: 29.473 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackUnixRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 25.095 - type: map_at_10 value: 32.374 - type: map_at_100 value: 33.537 - type: map_at_1000 value: 33.634 - type: map_at_3 value: 30.089 - type: map_at_5 value: 31.433 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 29.198 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 36.01 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 37.022 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 37.083 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 33.94 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 35.148 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 29.198 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 36.729 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 42.114000000000004 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 44.592 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 32.644 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 34.652 - type: precision_at_1 value: 29.198 - type: precision_at_10 value: 5.970000000000001 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.967 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.129 - type: precision_at_3 value: 14.396999999999998 - type: precision_at_5 value: 10.093 - type: recall_at_1 value: 25.095 - type: recall_at_10 value: 46.392 - type: recall_at_100 value: 69.706 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 87.738 - type: recall_at_3 value: 35.303000000000004 - type: recall_at_5 value: 40.441 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackWebmastersRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 26.857999999999997 - type: map_at_10 value: 34.066 - type: map_at_100 value: 35.671 - type: map_at_1000 value: 35.881 - type: map_at_3 value: 31.304 - type: map_at_5 value: 32.885 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 32.411 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 38.987 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 39.894 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 39.959 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 36.626999999999995 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 38.011 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 32.411 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 39.208 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 44.626 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 47.43 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 35.091 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 37.119 - type: precision_at_1 value: 32.411 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.51 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.486 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.234 - type: precision_at_3 value: 16.14 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.976 - type: recall_at_1 value: 26.857999999999997 - type: recall_at_10 value: 47.407 - type: recall_at_100 value: 72.236 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 90.77 - type: recall_at_3 value: 35.125 - type: recall_at_5 value: 40.522999999999996 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: BeIR/cqadupstack name: MTEB CQADupstackWordpressRetrieval config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 21.3 - type: map_at_10 value: 27.412999999999997 - type: map_at_100 value: 28.29 - type: map_at_1000 value: 28.398 - type: map_at_3 value: 25.169999999999998 - type: map_at_5 value: 26.496 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 23.29 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 29.215000000000003 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 30.073 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 30.156 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 26.956000000000003 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 28.38 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 23.29 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 31.113000000000003 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 35.701 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 38.505 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 26.727 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 29.037000000000003 - type: precision_at_1 value: 23.29 - type: precision_at_10 value: 4.787 - type: precision_at_100 value: 0.763 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.11100000000000002 - type: precision_at_3 value: 11.091 - type: precision_at_5 value: 7.985 - type: recall_at_1 value: 21.3 - type: recall_at_10 value: 40.782000000000004 - type: recall_at_100 value: 62.13999999999999 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 83.012 - type: recall_at_3 value: 29.131 - type: recall_at_5 value: 34.624 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: climate-fever name: MTEB ClimateFEVER config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 9.631 - type: map_at_10 value: 16.634999999999998 - type: map_at_100 value: 18.23 - type: map_at_1000 value: 18.419 - type: map_at_3 value: 13.66 - type: map_at_5 value: 15.173 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 21.368000000000002 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 31.56 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 32.58 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 32.633 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 28.241 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 30.225 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 21.368000000000002 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 23.855999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 30.686999999999998 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 34.327000000000005 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 18.781 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 20.73 - type: precision_at_1 value: 21.368000000000002 - type: precision_at_10 value: 7.564 - type: precision_at_100 value: 1.496 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 0.217 - type: precision_at_3 value: 13.876 - type: precision_at_5 value: 11.062 - type: recall_at_1 value: 9.631 - type: recall_at_10 value: 29.517 - type: recall_at_100 value: 53.452 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 74.115 - type: recall_at_3 value: 17.605999999999998 - type: recall_at_5 value: 22.505 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: dbpedia-entity name: MTEB DBPedia config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 8.885 - type: map_at_10 value: 18.798000000000002 - type: map_at_100 value: 26.316 - type: map_at_1000 value: 27.869 - type: map_at_3 value: 13.719000000000001 - type: map_at_5 value: 15.716 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 66 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 74.263 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 74.519 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 74.531 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 72.458 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 73.321 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 53.87499999999999 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 40.355999999999995 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 44.366 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 51.771 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 45.195 - type: ndcg_at_5 value: 42.187000000000005 - type: precision_at_1 value: 66 - type: precision_at_10 value: 31.75 - type: precision_at_100 value: 10.11 - type: precision_at_1000 value: 1.9800000000000002 - type: precision_at_3 value: 48.167 - type: precision_at_5 value: 40.050000000000004 - type: recall_at_1 value: 8.885 - type: recall_at_10 value: 24.471999999999998 - type: recall_at_100 value: 49.669000000000004 - type: recall_at_1000 value: 73.383 - type: recall_at_3 value: 14.872 - type: recall_at_5 value: 18.262999999999998 - task: type: Classification dataset: type: mteb/emotion name: MTEB EmotionClassification config: default split: test revision: 4f58c6b202a23cf9a4da393831edf4f9183cad37 metrics: - type: accuracy value: 45.18 - type: f1 value: 40.26878691789978 - task: type: Retrieval dataset: type: fever name: MTEB FEVER config: default split: test revision: None metrics: - type: map_at_1 value: 62.751999999999995 - type: map_at_10 value: 74.131 - type: map_at_100 value: 74.407 - type: map_at_1000 value: 74.423 - type: map_at_3 value: 72.329 - type: map_at_5 value: 73.555 - type: mrr_at_1 value: 67.282 - type: mrr_at_10 value: 78.292 - type: mrr_at_100 value: 78.455 - type: mrr_at_1000 value: 78.458 - type: mrr_at_3 value: 76.755 - type: mrr_at_5 value: 77.839 - type: ndcg_at_1 value: 67.282 - type: ndcg_at_10 value: 79.443 - type: ndcg_at_100 value: 80.529 - type: ndcg_at_1000 value: 80.812 - type: ndcg_at_3 value: 76.281 - 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type: max_f1 value: 77.87816307403935 language: - multilingual - af - am - ar - as - az - be - bg - bn - br - bs - ca - cs - cy - da - de - el - en - eo - es - et - eu - fa - fi - fr - fy - ga - gd - gl - gu - ha - he - hi - hr - hu - hy - id - is - it - ja - jv - ka - kk - km - kn - ko - ku - ky - la - lo - lt - lv - mg - mk - ml - mn - mr - ms - my - ne - nl - 'no' - om - or - pa - pl - ps - pt - ro - ru - sa - sd - si - sk - sl - so - sq - sr - su - sv - sw - ta - te - th - tl - tr - ug - uk - ur - uz - vi - xh - yi - zh license: mit --- ## Multilingual-E5-base [Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.05672). Liang Wang, Nan Yang, Xiaolong Huang, Linjun Yang, Rangan Majumder, Furu Wei, arXiv 2024 This model has 12 layers and the embedding size is 768. ## Usage Below is an example to encode queries and passages from the MS-MARCO passage ranking dataset. ```python import torch.nn.functional as F from torch import Tensor from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel def average_pool(last_hidden_states: Tensor, attention_mask: Tensor) -> Tensor: last_hidden = last_hidden_states.masked_fill(~attention_mask[..., None].bool(), 0.0) return last_hidden.sum(dim=1) / attention_mask.sum(dim=1)[..., None] # Each input text should start with "query: " or "passage: ", even for non-English texts. # For tasks other than retrieval, you can simply use the "query: " prefix. input_texts = ['query: how much protein should a female eat', 'query: 南瓜的家常做法', "passage: As a general guideline, the CDC's average requirement of protein for women ages 19 to 70 is 46 grams per day. But, as you can see from this chart, you'll need to increase that if you're expecting or training for a marathon. Check out the chart below to see how much protein you should be eating each day.", "passage: 1.清炒南瓜丝 原料:嫩南瓜半个 调料:葱、盐、白糖、鸡精 做法: 1、南瓜用刀薄薄的削去表面一层皮,用勺子刮去瓤 2、擦成细丝(没有擦菜板就用刀慢慢切成细丝) 3、锅烧热放油,入葱花煸出香味 4、入南瓜丝快速翻炒一分钟左右,放盐、一点白糖和鸡精调味出锅 2.香葱炒南瓜 原料:南瓜1只 调料:香葱、蒜末、橄榄油、盐 做法: 1、将南瓜去皮,切成片 2、油锅8成热后,将蒜末放入爆香 3、爆香后,将南瓜片放入,翻炒 4、在翻炒的同时,可以不时地往锅里加水,但不要太多 5、放入盐,炒匀 6、南瓜差不多软和绵了之后,就可以关火 7、撒入香葱,即可出锅"] tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('intfloat/multilingual-e5-base') model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('intfloat/multilingual-e5-base') # Tokenize the input texts batch_dict = tokenizer(input_texts, max_length=512, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt') outputs = model(**batch_dict) embeddings = average_pool(outputs.last_hidden_state, batch_dict['attention_mask']) # normalize embeddings embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1) scores = (embeddings[:2] @ embeddings[2:].T) * 100 print(scores.tolist()) ``` ## Supported Languages This model is initialized from [xlm-roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/xlm-roberta-base) and continually trained on a mixture of multilingual datasets. It supports 100 languages from xlm-roberta, but low-resource languages may see performance degradation. ## Training Details **Initialization**: [xlm-roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/xlm-roberta-base) **First stage**: contrastive pre-training with weak supervision | Dataset | Weak supervision | # of text pairs | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|-----------------| | Filtered [mC4](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mc4) | (title, page content) | 1B | | [CC News](https://huggingface.co/datasets/intfloat/multilingual_cc_news) | (title, news content) | 400M | | [NLLB](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/nllb) | translation pairs | 2.4B | | [Wikipedia](https://huggingface.co/datasets/intfloat/wikipedia) | (hierarchical section title, passage) | 150M | | Filtered [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/) | (comment, response) | 800M | | [S2ORC](https://github.com/allenai/s2orc) | (title, abstract) and citation pairs | 100M | | [Stackexchange](https://stackexchange.com/) | (question, answer) | 50M | | [xP3](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigscience/xP3) | (input prompt, response) | 80M | | [Miscellaneous unsupervised SBERT data](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2) | - | 10M | **Second stage**: supervised fine-tuning | Dataset | Language | # of text pairs | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|-----------------| | [MS MARCO](https://microsoft.github.io/msmarco/) | English | 500k | | [NQ](https://github.com/facebookresearch/DPR) | English | 70k | | [Trivia QA](https://github.com/facebookresearch/DPR) | English | 60k | | [NLI from SimCSE](https://github.com/princeton-nlp/SimCSE) | English | <300k | | [ELI5](https://huggingface.co/datasets/eli5) | English | 500k | | [DuReader Retrieval](https://github.com/baidu/DuReader/tree/master/DuReader-Retrieval) | Chinese | 86k | | [KILT Fever](https://huggingface.co/datasets/kilt_tasks) | English | 70k | | [KILT HotpotQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/kilt_tasks) | English | 70k | | [SQuAD](https://huggingface.co/datasets/squad) | English | 87k | | [Quora](https://huggingface.co/datasets/quora) | English | 150k | | [Mr. TyDi](https://huggingface.co/datasets/castorini/mr-tydi) | 11 languages | 50k | | [MIRACL](https://huggingface.co/datasets/miracl/miracl) | 16 languages | 40k | For all labeled datasets, we only use its training set for fine-tuning. For other training details, please refer to our paper at [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.05672](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.05672). ## Benchmark Results on [Mr. TyDi](https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.08787) | Model | Avg MRR@10 | | ar | bn | en | fi | id | ja | ko | ru | sw | te | th | |-----------------------|------------|-------|------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |------| --- | --- | | BM25 | 33.3 | | 36.7 | 41.3 | 15.1 | 28.8 | 38.2 | 21.7 | 28.1 | 32.9 | 39.6 | 42.4 | 41.7 | | mDPR | 16.7 | | 26.0 | 25.8 | 16.2 | 11.3 | 14.6 | 18.1 | 21.9 | 18.5 | 7.3 | 10.6 | 13.5 | | BM25 + mDPR | 41.7 | | 49.1 | 53.5 | 28.4 | 36.5 | 45.5 | 35.5 | 36.2 | 42.7 | 40.5 | 42.0 | 49.2 | | | | | multilingual-e5-small | 64.4 | | 71.5 | 66.3 | 54.5 | 57.7 | 63.2 | 55.4 | 54.3 | 60.8 | 65.4 | 89.1 | 70.1 | | multilingual-e5-base | 65.9 | | 72.3 | 65.0 | 58.5 | 60.8 | 64.9 | 56.6 | 55.8 | 62.7 | 69.0 | 86.6 | 72.7 | | multilingual-e5-large | **70.5** | | 77.5 | 73.2 | 60.8 | 66.8 | 68.5 | 62.5 | 61.6 | 65.8 | 72.7 | 90.2 | 76.2 | ## MTEB Benchmark Evaluation Check out [unilm/e5](https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/tree/master/e5) to reproduce evaluation results on the [BEIR](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08663) and [MTEB benchmark](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316). ## Support for Sentence Transformers Below is an example for usage with sentence_transformers. ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer model = SentenceTransformer('intfloat/multilingual-e5-base') input_texts = [ 'query: how much protein should a female eat', 'query: 南瓜的家常做法', "passage: As a general guideline, the CDC's average requirement of protein for women ages 19 to 70 i s 46 grams per day. But, as you can see from this chart, you'll need to increase that if you're expecting or traini ng for a marathon. Check out the chart below to see how much protein you should be eating each day.", "passage: 1.清炒南瓜丝 原料:嫩南瓜半个 调料:葱、盐、白糖、鸡精 做法: 1、南瓜用刀薄薄的削去表面一层皮 ,用勺子刮去瓤 2、擦成细丝(没有擦菜板就用刀慢慢切成细丝) 3、锅烧热放油,入葱花煸出香味 4、入南瓜丝快速翻炒一分钟左右, 放盐、一点白糖和鸡精调味出锅 2.香葱炒南瓜 原料:南瓜1只 调料:香葱、蒜末、橄榄油、盐 做法: 1、将南瓜去皮,切成片 2、油 锅8成热后,将蒜末放入爆香 3、爆香后,将南瓜片放入,翻炒 4、在翻炒的同时,可以不时地往锅里加水,但不要太多 5、放入盐,炒匀 6、南瓜差不多软和绵了之后,就可以关火 7、撒入香葱,即可出锅" ] embeddings = model.encode(input_texts, normalize_embeddings=True) ``` Package requirements `pip install sentence_transformers~=2.2.2` Contributors: [michaelfeil](https://huggingface.co/michaelfeil) ## FAQ **1. Do I need to add the prefix "query: " and "passage: " to input texts?** Yes, this is how the model is trained, otherwise you will see a performance degradation. Here are some rules of thumb: - Use "query: " and "passage: " correspondingly for asymmetric tasks such as passage retrieval in open QA, ad-hoc information retrieval. - Use "query: " prefix for symmetric tasks such as semantic similarity, bitext mining, paraphrase retrieval. - Use "query: " prefix if you want to use embeddings as features, such as linear probing classification, clustering. **2. Why are my reproduced results slightly different from reported in the model card?** Different versions of `transformers` and `pytorch` could cause negligible but non-zero performance differences. **3. Why does the cosine similarity scores distribute around 0.7 to 1.0?** This is a known and expected behavior as we use a low temperature 0.01 for InfoNCE contrastive loss. For text embedding tasks like text retrieval or semantic similarity, what matters is the relative order of the scores instead of the absolute values, so this should not be an issue. ## Citation If you find our paper or models helpful, please consider cite as follows: ``` @article{wang2024multilingual, title={Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report}, author={Wang, Liang and Yang, Nan and Huang, Xiaolong and Yang, Linjun and Majumder, Rangan and Wei, Furu}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.05672}, year={2024} } ``` ## Limitations Long texts will be truncated to at most 512 tokens.

kresnik/wav2vec2-large-xlsr-korean

kresnik

transformers

automatic-speech-recognition

--- language: ko datasets: - kresnik/zeroth_korean tags: - speech - audio - automatic-speech-recognition license: apache-2.0 model-index: - name: 'Wav2Vec2 XLSR Korean' results: - task: name: Automatic Speech Recognition type: automatic-speech-recognition dataset: name: Zeroth Korean type: kresnik/zeroth_korean args: clean metrics: - name: Test WER type: wer value: 4.74 - name: Test CER type: cer value: 1.78 --- ## Evaluation on Zeroth-Korean ASR corpus [Google colab notebook(Korean)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/indra622/tutorials/blob/master/wav2vec2_korean_tutorial.ipynb) ``` from transformers import Wav2Vec2ForCTC, Wav2Vec2Processor from datasets import load_dataset import soundfile as sf import torch from jiwer import wer processor = Wav2Vec2Processor.from_pretrained("kresnik/wav2vec2-large-xlsr-korean") model = Wav2Vec2ForCTC.from_pretrained("kresnik/wav2vec2-large-xlsr-korean").to('cuda') ds = load_dataset("kresnik/zeroth_korean", "clean") test_ds = ds['test'] def map_to_array(batch): speech, _ = sf.read(batch["file"]) batch["speech"] = speech return batch test_ds = test_ds.map(map_to_array) def map_to_pred(batch): inputs = processor(batch["speech"], sampling_rate=16000, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest") input_values = inputs.input_values.to("cuda") with torch.no_grad(): logits = model(input_values).logits predicted_ids = torch.argmax(logits, dim=-1) transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids) batch["transcription"] = transcription return batch result = test_ds.map(map_to_pred, batched=True, batch_size=16, remove_columns=["speech"]) print("WER:", wer(result["text"], result["transcription"])) ``` ### Expected WER: 4.74% ### Expected CER: 1.78%

microsoft/layoutlmv3-base

microsoft

transformers

--- language: en license: cc-by-nc-sa-4.0 --- # LayoutLMv3 [Microsoft Document AI](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/document-ai/) | [GitHub](https://aka.ms/layoutlmv3) ## Model description LayoutLMv3 is a pre-trained multimodal Transformer for Document AI with unified text and image masking. The simple unified architecture and training objectives make LayoutLMv3 a general-purpose pre-trained model. For example, LayoutLMv3 can be fine-tuned for both text-centric tasks, including form understanding, receipt understanding, and document visual question answering, and image-centric tasks such as document image classification and document layout analysis. [LayoutLMv3: Pre-training for Document AI with Unified Text and Image Masking](https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.08387) Yupan Huang, Tengchao Lv, Lei Cui, Yutong Lu, Furu Wei, ACM Multimedia 2022. ## Citation If you find LayoutLM useful in your research, please cite the following paper: ``` @inproceedings{huang2022layoutlmv3, author={Yupan Huang and Tengchao Lv and Lei Cui and Yutong Lu and Furu Wei}, title={LayoutLMv3: Pre-training for Document AI with Unified Text and Image Masking}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia}, year={2022} } ``` ## License The content of this project itself is licensed under the [Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Portions of the source code are based on the [transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) project. [Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct](https://opensource.microsoft.com/codeofconduct)