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instruction stringlengths 4 11.7k	context stringlengths 0 23.5k	response stringlengths 1 26k	category stringclasses 8 values	text stringlengths 56 27.4k
What is Fibonacci series		Fibonacci series is a sequence where every number is the sum of the 2 preceding numbers. The series commonly starts form 0 and the first few numbers are 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21....	open_qa	### Instruction: What is Fibonacci series ### Context: ### Answer: Fibonacci series is a sequence where every number is the sum of the 2 preceding numbers. The series commonly starts form 0 and the first few numbers are 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21....</s>
What is enriched air and why would divers dive with enriched air?		Enriched air, also known as nitrox, is one kind of air with more than 21% oxygen. 21% oxygen is the normal air we breathe on the earth. The primary benefit of using enriched air is to extend the diver's bottom time, and reduce the need to push to no decompression limit. This advantage is really beneficial in deeper diving. For example, at 80 feet of depth, normal air can last around 30 min, while enriched air of 32% oxygen can last for 45 min and 36% can last for 55 min. While enriched air is really beneficial in extending bottom time, it is important that divers get trained to use it before diving with enriched air.	general_qa	### Instruction: What is enriched air and why would divers dive with enriched air? ### Context: ### Answer: Enriched air, also known as nitrox, is one kind of air with more than 21% oxygen. 21% oxygen is the normal air we breathe on the earth. The primary benefit of using enriched air is to extend the diver's bottom time, and reduce the need to push to no decompression limit. This advantage is really beneficial in deeper diving. For example, at 80 feet of depth, normal air can last around 30 min, while enriched air of 32% oxygen can last for 45 min and 36% can last for 55 min. While enriched air is really beneficial in extending bottom time, it is important that divers get trained to use it before diving with enriched air.</s>
Does spark provide date & time when a particular event is received in the structured streaming?		Not directly. The source of the data is responsible for event time, the “arrival” time is typically the timestamp from the message server source you are reading from (Kafka, Kinesis, etc.) and the “processing” time can be inserted when processing the incomming data stream using the functions package current_timestamp function. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.sql.functions$ This isn’t exactly when Spark received the data from the server but is close and will be grouped by trigger interval. Note that this function can not be used when in continuous mode. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/structured-streaming-programming-guide.html#supported-queries	creative_writing	### Instruction: Does spark provide date & time when a particular event is received in the structured streaming? ### Context: ### Answer: Not directly. The source of the data is responsible for event time, the “arrival” time is typically the timestamp from the message server source you are reading from (Kafka, Kinesis, etc.) and the “processing” time can be inserted when processing the incomming data stream using the functions package current_timestamp function. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.sql.functions$ This isn’t exactly when Spark received the data from the server but is close and will be grouped by trigger interval. Note that this function can not be used when in continuous mode. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/structured-streaming-programming-guide.html#supported-queries</s>
Why was it unclear who won the race?	The 2021 Amstel Gold Race was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 18 April 2021 in the Netherlands. It was the 55th edition of the Amstel Gold Race and the 14th event of the 2021 UCI World Tour. Although Wout van Aert was declared to have defeated Tom Pidcock in a photofinish sprint with Maximilian Schachmann completing the podium, it was speculated that the photofinish camera had been focused on a point approximately 26.86 cm forward of the true finish line, making the true victor unclear.	The photofinish camera was focused on a point approximately 26.86cm forward of the true finish line.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Why was it unclear who won the race? ### Context: The 2021 Amstel Gold Race was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 18 April 2021 in the Netherlands. It was the 55th edition of the Amstel Gold Race and the 14th event of the 2021 UCI World Tour. Although Wout van Aert was declared to have defeated Tom Pidcock in a photofinish sprint with Maximilian Schachmann completing the podium, it was speculated that the photofinish camera had been focused on a point approximately 26.86 cm forward of the true finish line, making the true victor unclear. ### Answer: The photofinish camera was focused on a point approximately 26.86cm forward of the true finish line.</s>
Between what oceans does the Panama Canal save time?	The Panama Canal (Spanish: Canal de Panamá) is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.	The Panama Canal cuts down on the transportation time between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Between what oceans does the Panama Canal save time? ### Context: The Panama Canal (Spanish: Canal de Panamá) is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. ### Answer: The Panama Canal cuts down on the transportation time between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.</s>
Who built the great pyramid of Giza?		Mainstream archaeologists claim that the great pyramid was built by pharaoh Khufu. There is not much evidence to support that claim given that the Egyptians left no written accounts of the methods and timing of the pyramid construction. Some scientists have proposed the theory that the great pyramids were actually built by a lost civilization. This theory claims that a cataclysmic event whipped out this civilization at the end of the period known as the Younger Dryas.	general_qa	### Instruction: Who built the great pyramid of Giza? ### Context: ### Answer: Mainstream archaeologists claim that the great pyramid was built by pharaoh Khufu. There is not much evidence to support that claim given that the Egyptians left no written accounts of the methods and timing of the pyramid construction. Some scientists have proposed the theory that the great pyramids were actually built by a lost civilization. This theory claims that a cataclysmic event whipped out this civilization at the end of the period known as the Younger Dryas.</s>
What are the main considerations for chick care when raising backyard chickens?	Purchasing chickens - Chicken owners need to find a place to purchase chickens. Oftentimes, people purchase chickens at local feed stores, or through a hatchery. Creating a brooder - Chickens not being raised by a mother hen need assistance from their owner to survive. Chickens are raised in a brooder, which can look like a variety of things. Many individuals create their own brooder out of cardboard, plastic or wood. Different sources identify a variety of different square feet per bird needed, but a rule of thumb can be two square feet per chicken. This number can be lowered when the chick is young, but as they grow they will need at least two square feet per bird. It is important that chicken owners place their brooder in a draft-free place, yet still allow holes in the brooder for ventilation.[citation needed] Heating and bedding - Chicks require a warm environment. In a brooder, this warm environment is created artificially with a heat lamp. My Pet Chicken recommends a red heat lamp, because a white heat lamp can create a harsh and uncomfortable environment for the baby chicks. During the first week of the chicks' life, a temperature of 95 degrees Fahrenheit is required. The temperature can be decreased by 5 degrees F. each week of the chicks life, until they reach week 6. At week 6, the birds should have enough feathers grown to be moved into their chicken coop. Checking on chicks often is important, as chicks that are too cold will huddle together to attempt to retain warmth, and chicks that are too hot will spread out in the brooder in attempts to cool down. Temperature can be adjusted accordingly by lowering and raising the heat lamp in the chick's brooder. Temperature can also be monitored by the use of a thermometer.[citation needed] Wooden chips are often used in the bottom of the brooder as a bedding. Food and water - Chicks require different food than adult chickens. Chicks need a mash or dust food so that they are able to digest it without grit. Adult chickens are able to digest grit, which allows them to eat bigger food pellets. Purchasing chick food from a local feed store that is specifically for baby chicks will ensure that all nutritional requirements are being met. There are different types of food for different types of chicks. Chicks that are grown for egg-laying purposes require a lower protein level than chicks that are grown as a source of meat. Chicks should be fed and given water out of containers that ensure the chicks' safety, as some containers can injure the chicks or cause easy drowning.	When raising backyard chickens, there are several considerations for chick care. First of all, you have to purchase the chicks. Then, you have to create a brooder to keep the chicks in. Next, you have to address heating and bedding. Finally, you have to provide them with the appropriate food and water.	summarization	### Instruction: What are the main considerations for chick care when raising backyard chickens? ### Context: Purchasing chickens - Chicken owners need to find a place to purchase chickens. Oftentimes, people purchase chickens at local feed stores, or through a hatchery. Creating a brooder - Chickens not being raised by a mother hen need assistance from their owner to survive. Chickens are raised in a brooder, which can look like a variety of things. Many individuals create their own brooder out of cardboard, plastic or wood. Different sources identify a variety of different square feet per bird needed, but a rule of thumb can be two square feet per chicken. This number can be lowered when the chick is young, but as they grow they will need at least two square feet per bird. It is important that chicken owners place their brooder in a draft-free place, yet still allow holes in the brooder for ventilation.[citation needed] Heating and bedding - Chicks require a warm environment. In a brooder, this warm environment is created artificially with a heat lamp. My Pet Chicken recommends a red heat lamp, because a white heat lamp can create a harsh and uncomfortable environment for the baby chicks. During the first week of the chicks' life, a temperature of 95 degrees Fahrenheit is required. The temperature can be decreased by 5 degrees F. each week of the chicks life, until they reach week 6. At week 6, the birds should have enough feathers grown to be moved into their chicken coop. Checking on chicks often is important, as chicks that are too cold will huddle together to attempt to retain warmth, and chicks that are too hot will spread out in the brooder in attempts to cool down. Temperature can be adjusted accordingly by lowering and raising the heat lamp in the chick's brooder. Temperature can also be monitored by the use of a thermometer.[citation needed] Wooden chips are often used in the bottom of the brooder as a bedding. Food and water - Chicks require different food than adult chickens. Chicks need a mash or dust food so that they are able to digest it without grit. Adult chickens are able to digest grit, which allows them to eat bigger food pellets. Purchasing chick food from a local feed store that is specifically for baby chicks will ensure that all nutritional requirements are being met. There are different types of food for different types of chicks. Chicks that are grown for egg-laying purposes require a lower protein level than chicks that are grown as a source of meat. Chicks should be fed and given water out of containers that ensure the chicks' safety, as some containers can injure the chicks or cause easy drowning. ### Answer: When raising backyard chickens, there are several considerations for chick care. First of all, you have to purchase the chicks. Then, you have to create a brooder to keep the chicks in. Next, you have to address heating and bedding. Finally, you have to provide them with the appropriate food and water.</s>
When was the Bitcoin whitepaper published?		The Bitcoin whitepaper was published on October 31, 2008.	open_qa	### Instruction: When was the Bitcoin whitepaper published? ### Context: ### Answer: The Bitcoin whitepaper was published on October 31, 2008.</s>
Given the following paragraph about the observation deck of the Burj Khalifa, what's offered on the 124th floor observation deck?	An outdoor observation deck, named At the Top, opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor. At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened. Although it was surpassed in December 2011 by Cloud Top 488 on the Canton Tower, Guangzhou at 488 m (1,601 ft), Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor SKY level at 555 m (1,821 ft), once again giving it the highest observation deck in the world on 15 October 2014, until the Shanghai Tower opened in June 2016 with an observation deck at a height of 561 metres. The 124th floor observation deck also features the electronic telescope, an augmented reality device developed by Gsmprjct° of Montréal, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in real-time, and to view previously saved images such as those taken at different times of day or under different weather conditions. To reduce the daily rush of sightseers, management allows visitors to purchase tickets in advance for a specific date and time, at a 75% discount on tickets purchased on the spot.	This observation deck offers an augmented reality electronic telescope which lets visitors view either real-time or pre-recorded images of the surrounding landscape.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given the following paragraph about the observation deck of the Burj Khalifa, what's offered on the 124th floor observation deck? ### Context: An outdoor observation deck, named At the Top, opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor. At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened. Although it was surpassed in December 2011 by Cloud Top 488 on the Canton Tower, Guangzhou at 488 m (1,601 ft), Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor SKY level at 555 m (1,821 ft), once again giving it the highest observation deck in the world on 15 October 2014, until the Shanghai Tower opened in June 2016 with an observation deck at a height of 561 metres. The 124th floor observation deck also features the electronic telescope, an augmented reality device developed by Gsmprjct° of Montréal, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in real-time, and to view previously saved images such as those taken at different times of day or under different weather conditions. To reduce the daily rush of sightseers, management allows visitors to purchase tickets in advance for a specific date and time, at a 75% discount on tickets purchased on the spot. ### Answer: This observation deck offers an augmented reality electronic telescope which lets visitors view either real-time or pre-recorded images of the surrounding landscape.</s>
Extract from the text who invented the Optophone.	The optophone is a device, used by the blind, that scans text and generates time-varying chords of tones to identify letters. It is one of the earliest known applications of sonification. Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe of Birmingham University invented the optophone in 1913, which used selenium photosensors to detect black print and convert it into an audible output which could be interpreted by a blind person. The Glasgow company, Barr and Stroud, participated in improving the resolution and usability of the instrument.	Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe	information_extraction	### Instruction: Extract from the text who invented the Optophone. ### Context: The optophone is a device, used by the blind, that scans text and generates time-varying chords of tones to identify letters. It is one of the earliest known applications of sonification. Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe of Birmingham University invented the optophone in 1913, which used selenium photosensors to detect black print and convert it into an audible output which could be interpreted by a blind person. The Glasgow company, Barr and Stroud, participated in improving the resolution and usability of the instrument. ### Answer: Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe</s>
which countries has the most diverse food?		Countries with vast areas with various geological structures, profound histories, or chill life styles usually have a wide diversity of food choices. For example, China has 3.7 million square miles area and over 50 different ethnitical groups. Each ethnicity has its own culture and living styles, thus different cuisine styles and tastes. The United States is another example with almost 3.8 million square miles of area and immigrants from all over the world. As a results, the immigrants and their descendants bring in food culture from their original heritage that creates a huge variety of choices in the US. South European areas like Rome have stellar reputation for their food too. When it comes to pizza, pasta, seafood, coffee and gelato, no one could say no when visiting Italy.	brainstorming	### Instruction: which countries has the most diverse food? ### Context: ### Answer: Countries with vast areas with various geological structures, profound histories, or chill life styles usually have a wide diversity of food choices. For example, China has 3.7 million square miles area and over 50 different ethnitical groups. Each ethnicity has its own culture and living styles, thus different cuisine styles and tastes. The United States is another example with almost 3.8 million square miles of area and immigrants from all over the world. As a results, the immigrants and their descendants bring in food culture from their original heritage that creates a huge variety of choices in the US. South European areas like Rome have stellar reputation for their food too. When it comes to pizza, pasta, seafood, coffee and gelato, no one could say no when visiting Italy.</s>
Summarise the basic rules of soccer, without using examples from the text	The game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout.	Soccer is played between two teams of players who pass a spherical inflated ball between each other, predominantly using the feet and head, with the aim of getting the ball into the opponents goal (a rectangular opening at each end of the playing area) . The only player who can use their hands and arms is the goalkeeper, within a small area near their team's goal called the penalty area. At the end of the game, the team who has got the ball into their opponents goal most times is declared the winner.	summarization	### Instruction: Summarise the basic rules of soccer, without using examples from the text ### Context: The game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout. ### Answer: Soccer is played between two teams of players who pass a spherical inflated ball between each other, predominantly using the feet and head, with the aim of getting the ball into the opponents goal (a rectangular opening at each end of the playing area) . The only player who can use their hands and arms is the goalkeeper, within a small area near their team's goal called the penalty area. At the end of the game, the team who has got the ball into their opponents goal most times is declared the winner.</s>
If we dug straight through to where we stood on Earth, would we reach the other side?		The core of the earth is a molten core of heavy metals, its probable you would not survive the journey.	open_qa	### Instruction: If we dug straight through to where we stood on Earth, would we reach the other side? ### Context: ### Answer: The core of the earth is a molten core of heavy metals, its probable you would not survive the journey.</s>
Given this series of navigation instructions, determine whether one would end up back at the starting point: Walk south 5 miles. Walk east 5 miles. Walk north 5 miles.		One would not end up back at the starting location, as they would end up 5 miles west of where they started. However, in the case of someone starting at the north pole, they would end up back at where they started, owing to the curvature of the Earth.	creative_writing	### Instruction: Given this series of navigation instructions, determine whether one would end up back at the starting point: Walk south 5 miles. Walk east 5 miles. Walk north 5 miles. ### Context: ### Answer: One would not end up back at the starting location, as they would end up 5 miles west of where they started. However, in the case of someone starting at the north pole, they would end up back at where they started, owing to the curvature of the Earth.</s>
List some import aspects about location Ljubija in given text	In the 19th century, Ljubija developed into one of the most important locations for the area's economy due to its iron ore deposits. After World War II Ljubija became one of the largest iron mines in the world which employed more than 5,000 people at any one time. Until 1963 it was governed as a separate municipality, before it was merged with Prijedor.	1. Because of its iron ore resources, Ljubija became one of the most significant destinations for the region's economy in the 19th century. 2. Ljubija grew to be one of the world's largest iron mines after World War II, employing more than 5,000 people at any given moment. 3. Prior to being amalgamated with Prijedor, it was governed as an independent municipality until 1963.	summarization	### Instruction: List some import aspects about location Ljubija in given text ### Context: In the 19th century, Ljubija developed into one of the most important locations for the area's economy due to its iron ore deposits. After World War II Ljubija became one of the largest iron mines in the world which employed more than 5,000 people at any one time. Until 1963 it was governed as a separate municipality, before it was merged with Prijedor. ### Answer: 1. Because of its iron ore resources, Ljubija became one of the most significant destinations for the region's economy in the 19th century. 2. Ljubija grew to be one of the world's largest iron mines after World War II, employing more than 5,000 people at any given moment. 3. Prior to being amalgamated with Prijedor, it was governed as an independent municipality until 1963.</s>
What does the Constitution do?		Protects basic rights of Americans	open_qa	### Instruction: What does the Constitution do? ### Context: ### Answer: Protects basic rights of Americans</s>
Can you suggest 5 ways to use a Katana other than a weapon ?		1. The Katana in its' sheath can be used as a walking stick 2. Used to removed overgrown foliage. 3. Can presented as a gift 4. Decorative purposes for your office, house or vehicle 5. Fancy dress events	brainstorming	### Instruction: Can you suggest 5 ways to use a Katana other than a weapon ? ### Context: ### Answer: 1. The Katana in its' sheath can be used as a walking stick 2. Used to removed overgrown foliage. 3. Can presented as a gift 4. Decorative purposes for your office, house or vehicle 5. Fancy dress events</s>
Tell me whether or not these foods are on EWG's dirty dozen list		avocados, kiwi, pairs, blueberries, green beans, kale, cabbage	classification	### Instruction: Tell me whether or not these foods are on EWG's dirty dozen list ### Context: ### Answer: avocados, kiwi, pairs, blueberries, green beans, kale, cabbage</s>
Give me a title of one of the "Harry Potter" novels.		Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone	open_qa	### Instruction: Give me a title of one of the "Harry Potter" novels. ### Context: ### Answer: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</s>
How do I get better at shooting a basketball?		Here are a few things you can try to get better at shooting a basketball: - Practice the fundamentals by repeatedly bringing the ball to your set point without shooting. - Shoot from < 5 feet away from the basket until you can reliably make the shot. - Practice your free throws. - Try shooting off the dribble. - Get comfortable shooting threes.	brainstorming	### Instruction: How do I get better at shooting a basketball? ### Context: ### Answer: Here are a few things you can try to get better at shooting a basketball: - Practice the fundamentals by repeatedly bringing the ball to your set point without shooting. - Shoot from < 5 feet away from the basket until you can reliably make the shot. - Practice your free throws. - Try shooting off the dribble. - Get comfortable shooting threes.</s>
What batting traits make a good baseball or softball hitter?		There are many traits that great baseball and softball batters share. Some of the most important are extreme confidence, sound batting mechanics, and coordination developed though a combination of talent and practice. All great hitters share some consistencies in their batting mechanics such as their lower half mechanics, their hand and bat path, and their head and eye movement. With their lower half mechanics they generate powerful torque from the ground up by timing the planting their feet in a balanced position and forcefully rotating and opening their hips. Hitting powerful line drives relies heavily on the barrel of the bat meeting the ball flush. Batters increase the odds of this by keeping their hands in, connected to the back shoulder, and having one palm facing up and one palm facing down for as long as possible as the bat path travels through the strike zone. Finally, all great hitters maintain consistent head and eye position throughout the motion. There are many nuances of batting mechanics that all great hitters share but these are some of the most important.	general_qa	### Instruction: What batting traits make a good baseball or softball hitter? ### Context: ### Answer: There are many traits that great baseball and softball batters share. Some of the most important are extreme confidence, sound batting mechanics, and coordination developed though a combination of talent and practice. All great hitters share some consistencies in their batting mechanics such as their lower half mechanics, their hand and bat path, and their head and eye movement. With their lower half mechanics they generate powerful torque from the ground up by timing the planting their feet in a balanced position and forcefully rotating and opening their hips. Hitting powerful line drives relies heavily on the barrel of the bat meeting the ball flush. Batters increase the odds of this by keeping their hands in, connected to the back shoulder, and having one palm facing up and one palm facing down for as long as possible as the bat path travels through the strike zone. Finally, all great hitters maintain consistent head and eye position throughout the motion. There are many nuances of batting mechanics that all great hitters share but these are some of the most important.</s>
How is a distiller used?		A distiller is used in the production of alcohol or hard liquor. It works by using heat to cause evaporation and condensation with a source substance. If you take water for example, distilling happens when you heat the water and then it evaporates into steam and then the steam is re-condensed. This re-condensed steam is distilled water. This same process can be applied to other raw foods than have been fermenting to produce clear alcohol.	open_qa	### Instruction: How is a distiller used? ### Context: ### Answer: A distiller is used in the production of alcohol or hard liquor. It works by using heat to cause evaporation and condensation with a source substance. If you take water for example, distilling happens when you heat the water and then it evaporates into steam and then the steam is re-condensed. This re-condensed steam is distilled water. This same process can be applied to other raw foods than have been fermenting to produce clear alcohol.</s>
whats needed to make a biryani? rice chicken honey sugar oil pot towel barbeque onions oven		following are needed to make biryani: rice chicken oil pot onion	classification	### Instruction: whats needed to make a biryani? rice chicken honey sugar oil pot towel barbeque onions oven ### Context: ### Answer: following are needed to make biryani: rice chicken oil pot onion</s>
What type of democracy is Nigeria?		Nigeria is a federal republic. A democratic constitution with a federal system based on the United States of America. There is both a national government and governments for each of Nigeria's 36 states. Nigeria's President is the head of state, government and Nigeria's multi-party system.	general_qa	### Instruction: What type of democracy is Nigeria? ### Context: ### Answer: Nigeria is a federal republic. A democratic constitution with a federal system based on the United States of America. There is both a national government and governments for each of Nigeria's 36 states. Nigeria's President is the head of state, government and Nigeria's multi-party system.</s>
What percentage of the world is left-handed?		It's estimated about ten percent of the global populated are left-hand dominant.	open_qa	### Instruction: What percentage of the world is left-handed? ### Context: ### Answer: It's estimated about ten percent of the global populated are left-hand dominant.</s>
What is an exacta?		An exacta is a horse racing bet. It is when you bet on two horses to come in first place and second place consecutively in a given race. You are able to make the bet on almost all races. The payout will depend on the horses odds at the time the race has begun.	general_qa	### Instruction: What is an exacta? ### Context: ### Answer: An exacta is a horse racing bet. It is when you bet on two horses to come in first place and second place consecutively in a given race. You are able to make the bet on almost all races. The payout will depend on the horses odds at the time the race has begun.</s>
Tell me about the career of Erik Dekker	Hendrik "Erik" Dekker (born 21 August 1970) is a retired Dutch professional road racing cyclist active from 1992 until 2006. He was a member of the Rabobank cycling team from 1992 till 2006. From 2007 to 2015 he was one of Rabobank's team managers. Cycling career Amateur career Dekker rode his first race at eight, and soon became successful. In 1985 he was invited to join the national selection for juniors. As an amateur, his most important results were second places at the youth world championships in Bergamo in 1987 and at the road race in the 1992 Summer Olympics. In that Olympic road race, Dekker got away at 30 km before the finish, together with Fabio Casartelli and Dainis Ozols. Dekker was outsprinted by Casartelli, but was so happy that he won a medal that he also finished with his arms in the air. Directly after the Olympic Games, he became professional, and rode his first race a few weeks later in the Tour de l'Avenir. Professional career His first win as a professional was a stage of the Tour of the Basque Country of 1994, the year he rode his first Tour de France. In 1997 Dekker won the Ronde van Nederland, but a large part of 1998 was lost because of injuries. The year 2000 was Dekker's best. He won three stages in the 2000 Tour de France, although neither a sprinter nor a favourite for the overall win, and was voted most combative cyclist. In the autumn of that year, Dekker won his first classic, the Clásica de San Sebastián. In 2001 Dekker won the Amstel Gold Race and the UCI Road World Cup. In the 2001 Tour de France he took a stage, after having helped his teammate Marc Wauters to a stage win. At the end of the year he was named Dutch Sportsman of the year. The years 2002 and 2003 were less successful because of injuries. He came back in 2004 in the spring classics and a victory in Paris–Tours. He had announced his retirement for the autumn of 2006, but he crashed heavily in the 2006 Tour de France and decided to stop. Managing career In 2007, Dekker started as team manager of the Rabobank team. At the end of the 2015 season, he left the team.	Hendrik "Erik" Dekker (born 21 August 1970) is a retired Dutch professional road racing cyclist active from 1992 until 2006. He was a member of the Rabobank cycling team from 1992 till 2006. From 2007 to 2015 he was one of Rabobank's team managers. Cycling career Amateur career Dekker rode his first race at eight, and soon became successful. In 1985 he was invited to join the national selection for juniors. As an amateur, his most important results were second places at the youth world championships in Bergamo in 1987 and at the road race in the 1992 Summer Olympics. In that Olympic road race, Dekker got away at 30 km before the finish, together with Fabio Casartelli and Dainis Ozols. Dekker was outsprinted by Casartelli, but was so happy that he won a medal that he also finished with his arms in the air. Directly after the Olympic Games, he became professional, and rode his first race a few weeks later in the Tour de l'Avenir. Professional career His first win as a professional was a stage of the Tour of the Basque Country of 1994, the year he rode his first Tour de France. In 1997 Dekker won the Ronde van Nederland, but a large part of 1998 was lost because of injuries. The year 2000 was Dekker's best. He won three stages in the 2000 Tour de France, although neither a sprinter nor a favourite for the overall win, and was voted most combative cyclist. In the autumn of that year, Dekker won his first classic, the Clásica de San Sebastián. In 2001 Dekker won the Amstel Gold Race and the UCI Road World Cup. In the 2001 Tour de France he took a stage, after having helped his teammate Marc Wauters to a stage win. At the end of the year he was named Dutch Sportsman of the year. The years 2002 and 2003 were less successful because of injuries. He came back in 2004 in the spring classics and a victory in Paris–Tours. He had announced his retirement for the autumn of 2006, but he crashed heavily in the 2006 Tour de France and decided to stop. Managing career In 2007, Dekker started as team manager of the Rabobank team. At the end of the 2015 season, he left the team.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Tell me about the career of Erik Dekker ### Context: Hendrik "Erik" Dekker (born 21 August 1970) is a retired Dutch professional road racing cyclist active from 1992 until 2006. He was a member of the Rabobank cycling team from 1992 till 2006. From 2007 to 2015 he was one of Rabobank's team managers. Cycling career Amateur career Dekker rode his first race at eight, and soon became successful. In 1985 he was invited to join the national selection for juniors. As an amateur, his most important results were second places at the youth world championships in Bergamo in 1987 and at the road race in the 1992 Summer Olympics. In that Olympic road race, Dekker got away at 30 km before the finish, together with Fabio Casartelli and Dainis Ozols. Dekker was outsprinted by Casartelli, but was so happy that he won a medal that he also finished with his arms in the air. Directly after the Olympic Games, he became professional, and rode his first race a few weeks later in the Tour de l'Avenir. Professional career His first win as a professional was a stage of the Tour of the Basque Country of 1994, the year he rode his first Tour de France. In 1997 Dekker won the Ronde van Nederland, but a large part of 1998 was lost because of injuries. The year 2000 was Dekker's best. He won three stages in the 2000 Tour de France, although neither a sprinter nor a favourite for the overall win, and was voted most combative cyclist. In the autumn of that year, Dekker won his first classic, the Clásica de San Sebastián. In 2001 Dekker won the Amstel Gold Race and the UCI Road World Cup. In the 2001 Tour de France he took a stage, after having helped his teammate Marc Wauters to a stage win. At the end of the year he was named Dutch Sportsman of the year. The years 2002 and 2003 were less successful because of injuries. He came back in 2004 in the spring classics and a victory in Paris–Tours. He had announced his retirement for the autumn of 2006, but he crashed heavily in the 2006 Tour de France and decided to stop. Managing career In 2007, Dekker started as team manager of the Rabobank team. At the end of the 2015 season, he left the team. ### Answer: Hendrik "Erik" Dekker (born 21 August 1970) is a retired Dutch professional road racing cyclist active from 1992 until 2006. He was a member of the Rabobank cycling team from 1992 till 2006. From 2007 to 2015 he was one of Rabobank's team managers. Cycling career Amateur career Dekker rode his first race at eight, and soon became successful. In 1985 he was invited to join the national selection for juniors. As an amateur, his most important results were second places at the youth world championships in Bergamo in 1987 and at the road race in the 1992 Summer Olympics. In that Olympic road race, Dekker got away at 30 km before the finish, together with Fabio Casartelli and Dainis Ozols. Dekker was outsprinted by Casartelli, but was so happy that he won a medal that he also finished with his arms in the air. Directly after the Olympic Games, he became professional, and rode his first race a few weeks later in the Tour de l'Avenir. Professional career His first win as a professional was a stage of the Tour of the Basque Country of 1994, the year he rode his first Tour de France. In 1997 Dekker won the Ronde van Nederland, but a large part of 1998 was lost because of injuries. The year 2000 was Dekker's best. He won three stages in the 2000 Tour de France, although neither a sprinter nor a favourite for the overall win, and was voted most combative cyclist. In the autumn of that year, Dekker won his first classic, the Clásica de San Sebastián. In 2001 Dekker won the Amstel Gold Race and the UCI Road World Cup. In the 2001 Tour de France he took a stage, after having helped his teammate Marc Wauters to a stage win. At the end of the year he was named Dutch Sportsman of the year. The years 2002 and 2003 were less successful because of injuries. He came back in 2004 in the spring classics and a victory in Paris–Tours. He had announced his retirement for the autumn of 2006, but he crashed heavily in the 2006 Tour de France and decided to stop. Managing career In 2007, Dekker started as team manager of the Rabobank team. At the end of the 2015 season, he left the team.</s>
Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Morocco. Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Mata-Utu, Fès, Leava		Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava Morocco - Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Fès	classification	### Instruction: Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Morocco. Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Mata-Utu, Fès, Leava ### Context: ### Answer: Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava Morocco - Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Fès</s>
Prove that 2 + 2 = 5.		2 + 2 does not equal 5, it equals 4.	general_qa	### Instruction: Prove that 2 + 2 = 5. ### Context: ### Answer: 2 + 2 does not equal 5, it equals 4.</s>
According to the text below about UVA, name the UVA alumni that have won the Pulitzer Prize.	Rhodes Scholarships are international postgraduate awards given to students to study at the University of Oxford. Since the scholarship program began in 1904, UVA has had fifty-five Rhodes Scholars, the most of any university in the American South, eighth-most overall, and third-most outside the Ivy League (behind Stanford University and the United States Military Academy (West Point)). Eight NASA astronauts and launch directors are UVA alumni: Karl Gordon Henize, Bill Nelson, Thomas Marshburn, Leland Melvin, Jeff Wisoff, Kathryn Thornton, Patrick Forrester; and Michael Leinbach. The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to eight UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.	The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.	closed_qa	### Instruction: According to the text below about UVA, name the UVA alumni that have won the Pulitzer Prize. ### Context: Rhodes Scholarships are international postgraduate awards given to students to study at the University of Oxford. Since the scholarship program began in 1904, UVA has had fifty-five Rhodes Scholars, the most of any university in the American South, eighth-most overall, and third-most outside the Ivy League (behind Stanford University and the United States Military Academy (West Point)). Eight NASA astronauts and launch directors are UVA alumni: Karl Gordon Henize, Bill Nelson, Thomas Marshburn, Leland Melvin, Jeff Wisoff, Kathryn Thornton, Patrick Forrester; and Michael Leinbach. The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to eight UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez. ### Answer: The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.</s>
Which of the following were recurring characters on The Sopranos: Carmela, Tony, Christopher, Jody, Natasha, Silvio, Adriana, Tom & Jerry, Jerry Seinfeld, George Costanza		The following were recurring characters on The Sopranos: Carmela, Tony, Christopher, Silvio, Adriana.	classification	### Instruction: Which of the following were recurring characters on The Sopranos: Carmela, Tony, Christopher, Jody, Natasha, Silvio, Adriana, Tom & Jerry, Jerry Seinfeld, George Costanza ### Context: ### Answer: The following were recurring characters on The Sopranos: Carmela, Tony, Christopher, Silvio, Adriana.</s>
What is fossil fighter gameplay like?	Fossil Fighters is a role-playing video game series published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS consoles. Its gameplay revolves around digging up and extracting dinosaur fossils, reviving them into supernatural "vivosaurs" and engaging in battle.	Fossil fighters is a third-person, single-player game on the Nintendo DS focused around finding, cleaning, and reviving dinosaur fossils on Vivosaur Island. Once dinosaurs (called vivosaurs in the game) are revived, they can be used to battle other fossil fighters. The goal of the game is to reach the highest fossil fighter license level, find better and better fossils, defeat the BB Bandits who are determined to cause trouble around the island, and uncover various mysteries surrounding the island.	summarization	### Instruction: What is fossil fighter gameplay like? ### Context: Fossil Fighters is a role-playing video game series published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS consoles. Its gameplay revolves around digging up and extracting dinosaur fossils, reviving them into supernatural "vivosaurs" and engaging in battle. ### Answer: Fossil fighters is a third-person, single-player game on the Nintendo DS focused around finding, cleaning, and reviving dinosaur fossils on Vivosaur Island. Once dinosaurs (called vivosaurs in the game) are revived, they can be used to battle other fossil fighters. The goal of the game is to reach the highest fossil fighter license level, find better and better fossils, defeat the BB Bandits who are determined to cause trouble around the island, and uncover various mysteries surrounding the island.</s>
Who is the Ferrari formula 1 team principal?		The Scuderia Ferrari Team Principal is Fred Vasseur	classification	### Instruction: Who is the Ferrari formula 1 team principal? ### Context: ### Answer: The Scuderia Ferrari Team Principal is Fred Vasseur</s>
Classify the following drinks as alcoholic or non-alcoholic: Bourbon, Whiskey, Vodka, Lemonade, Iced Tea		Bourbon: Alcoholic Whiskey: Alcoholic Vodka: Alcoholic Lemonade: Non-Alcoholic Iced Tea: Non-Alcoholic	classification	### Instruction: Classify the following drinks as alcoholic or non-alcoholic: Bourbon, Whiskey, Vodka, Lemonade, Iced Tea ### Context: ### Answer: Bourbon: Alcoholic Whiskey: Alcoholic Vodka: Alcoholic Lemonade: Non-Alcoholic Iced Tea: Non-Alcoholic</s>
Write a story about an ice fishing trip in Minnesota. Make sure to include what you need for a successful trip.		Ah, winter! It’s time to put on your long underwear. Slip in some wool socks and a sweater. Climb into your snowpants. Pull down your stocking cap. Grab your fi shing rod and bait bucket. There’s ice on the lake, and it’s the season to enjoy a true Minnesota adventure, —ice fishing. Don’t worry about getting cold or bored on a frozen lake. Ice fishing is both easy and exciting. It’s fun to hike across the ice imagining hungry sunnies or walleyes lurking below. It’s an adventure to hang out around an ice hole with friends and family, telling stories and holding a funny looking fishing rod as you wait for a bite. And it’s thrilling when your bobber suddenly vanishes down the hole, and you pull a slippery fish from the water with a splash. So grab a grown-up, a Thermos of hot cocoa, and get ready for an ice fishing adventure. Start with a visit to your local bait store or DNR Fisheries office. Folks there can tell you in which lakes the fish are biting and where you can get onto the lake. They can also tell you where the ice is most likely to be OK. Wind, warm weather, underwater springs, and currents can all make ice unsafe. Ice must be at least 4 inches thick before you walk on it. (See Be Safe, page 45.) Once you know the ice is thick enough, you can go find a fishing spot. Here are three ways to look: § If you know where fish hang out in summer, go there. Fish usually go to the same places in winter. § Pick up a lake map at the bait shop or DNR and look for shallow areas or drop-offs (where the bottom gets deep quickly). Fish are more likely to be there. § Look for anglers congregated at the best fishing holes. Ask if you can fish near them. (It’s not polite to drill holes too close to other anglers.) If the fish aren’t biting in one spot, try another. You can use a regular reel, or some anglers use a device called a tip-up instead. A tipup has two sticks. One lies across the hole. The other points down into the hole and has a spool with line. When a fish takes your bait, a flag springs up from the stick across the hole. Then you pull the fish up with the line. Tip-ups are fun because you can watch them while reading a book or tossing a Frisbee. 1. Cut a Hole. a. To catch fish through the ice, you must first drill a hole. To drill a hole, ice anglers use a tool called an auger, which looks like a giant screw with a sharp blade on the end. Another handy tool is a spud, a long-handled chisel with a sharp blade for checking ice thickness and chipping extra ice from the hole. Anglers use a scoop, a big spoon with holes, to clean out ice shavings. 2. Find the Depth a. If you know the depth of the water, you have a better idea what fish to fish for. Bluegills and northerns like shallow water. Look for walleyes in deeper water. Some anglers use an electronic fish locator or a lead weight on a hook. You can also tie a string to a weight, hold the loose end in one hand, and drop the weigh to the bottom. Then measure the length of string that’s down the hole. The simplest solution is to use a weighted hook, which drops to the bottom. Then you reel it up to fish as far off the bottom as you like. 3. Land your Catch a. When you feel a fish on the line, reel it up steadily but not too fast because you might yank out the hook. When you see the fish, ask your adult fishing buddy to lift it out. After landing a fish, remove it from the hook. It’s easier to get a hook out with pliers than with your hands in cold weather. If the fish is too big or too small to keep, return it to the water. Or put your catch in a bucket or a snowbank. Watch out for dogs! A dog might try to run away with your catch! It happens. 4. Use Good Manners a. Be polite and don’t disturb your fellow anglers with loud talk or goofing around. Always pick up your trash and anything else you brought. Remember: Anything you leave on the lake will go into the water when the ice melts.	creative_writing	### Instruction: Write a story about an ice fishing trip in Minnesota. Make sure to include what you need for a successful trip. ### Context: ### Answer: Ah, winter! It’s time to put on your long underwear. Slip in some wool socks and a sweater. Climb into your snowpants. Pull down your stocking cap. Grab your fi shing rod and bait bucket. There’s ice on the lake, and it’s the season to enjoy a true Minnesota adventure, —ice fishing. Don’t worry about getting cold or bored on a frozen lake. Ice fishing is both easy and exciting. It’s fun to hike across the ice imagining hungry sunnies or walleyes lurking below. It’s an adventure to hang out around an ice hole with friends and family, telling stories and holding a funny looking fishing rod as you wait for a bite. And it’s thrilling when your bobber suddenly vanishes down the hole, and you pull a slippery fish from the water with a splash. So grab a grown-up, a Thermos of hot cocoa, and get ready for an ice fishing adventure. Start with a visit to your local bait store or DNR Fisheries office. Folks there can tell you in which lakes the fish are biting and where you can get onto the lake. They can also tell you where the ice is most likely to be OK. Wind, warm weather, underwater springs, and currents can all make ice unsafe. Ice must be at least 4 inches thick before you walk on it. (See Be Safe, page 45.) Once you know the ice is thick enough, you can go find a fishing spot. Here are three ways to look: § If you know where fish hang out in summer, go there. Fish usually go to the same places in winter. § Pick up a lake map at the bait shop or DNR and look for shallow areas or drop-offs (where the bottom gets deep quickly). Fish are more likely to be there. § Look for anglers congregated at the best fishing holes. Ask if you can fish near them. (It’s not polite to drill holes too close to other anglers.) If the fish aren’t biting in one spot, try another. You can use a regular reel, or some anglers use a device called a tip-up instead. A tipup has two sticks. One lies across the hole. The other points down into the hole and has a spool with line. When a fish takes your bait, a flag springs up from the stick across the hole. Then you pull the fish up with the line. Tip-ups are fun because you can watch them while reading a book or tossing a Frisbee. 1. Cut a Hole. a. To catch fish through the ice, you must first drill a hole. To drill a hole, ice anglers use a tool called an auger, which looks like a giant screw with a sharp blade on the end. Another handy tool is a spud, a long-handled chisel with a sharp blade for checking ice thickness and chipping extra ice from the hole. Anglers use a scoop, a big spoon with holes, to clean out ice shavings. 2. Find the Depth a. If you know the depth of the water, you have a better idea what fish to fish for. Bluegills and northerns like shallow water. Look for walleyes in deeper water. Some anglers use an electronic fish locator or a lead weight on a hook. You can also tie a string to a weight, hold the loose end in one hand, and drop the weigh to the bottom. Then measure the length of string that’s down the hole. The simplest solution is to use a weighted hook, which drops to the bottom. Then you reel it up to fish as far off the bottom as you like. 3. Land your Catch a. When you feel a fish on the line, reel it up steadily but not too fast because you might yank out the hook. When you see the fish, ask your adult fishing buddy to lift it out. After landing a fish, remove it from the hook. It’s easier to get a hook out with pliers than with your hands in cold weather. If the fish is too big or too small to keep, return it to the water. Or put your catch in a bucket or a snowbank. Watch out for dogs! A dog might try to run away with your catch! It happens. 4. Use Good Manners a. Be polite and don’t disturb your fellow anglers with loud talk or goofing around. Always pick up your trash and anything else you brought. Remember: Anything you leave on the lake will go into the water when the ice melts.</s>
Who were the "Big Four" of Grunge?		Alice in Chains, Soundgarden, Nirvana, and Pearl Jam.	open_qa	### Instruction: Who were the "Big Four" of Grunge? ### Context: ### Answer: Alice in Chains, Soundgarden, Nirvana, and Pearl Jam.</s>
What are the top five things to do on a weekend trip to New York City in the winter?		1. Visit the tree at the Rockefeller Center 2. Shop at the holiday markets such as the one in Union Square 3. Take in the sights on the Statue of Liberty cruise 4. Visit the One World Trade Center memorial 5. Watch a play on broadway	general_qa	### Instruction: What are the top five things to do on a weekend trip to New York City in the winter? ### Context: ### Answer: 1. Visit the tree at the Rockefeller Center 2. Shop at the holiday markets such as the one in Union Square 3. Take in the sights on the Statue of Liberty cruise 4. Visit the One World Trade Center memorial 5. Watch a play on broadway</s>
Is California a great place to live?		Many people are drawn to California for the diverse landscapes, sunshine, career opportunities and beautiful landmarks, however there are considerations when choosing the Golden State. California provides access to many beautiful and diverse topographical locations. The oceans that stretch from Northern California through to Mexico provide a rich wildlife habitat and amazing surf spots. The Sierras, the mountain range a short drive away, allow for skiing and snowboarding for a majority of the year at locations that have been home to the Winter Olympics. The Central Valley is the home of farmlands and ranches and seem to stretch for miles. California provides natural wonders from forests to desserts to mountain peaks. California's climate in most parts is mild throughout the year. It is joked about by many, that it has one season. However, with the onset of global warming the weather patterns have seen a change. The extreme droughts have been followed by extreme rain and flooding. Although there has been more extreme weather across the globe, California still has a predominantly mild climate for a majority of the year making it a top destination for those looking for sunshine. California has been known as the Golden State. It has provided golden opportunities for many who have come from all over the world to make their dreams come true. During the Gold Rush in the 1800s, miners came in from all over to find gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley. Hollywood, the home of movies and television for the world, has been the mecca of many young person looking to find success in acting and celebrity since the early 1900s. Silicon Valley has birthed some of the most successful companies in the world, showcasing the talents of students and entrepreneurs, changing the trajectory and pace of innovation. California is the home to many of the most transformative companies providing a wealth of job opportunities. California is the showcase of the American dream. One can spend years visiting landmarks and interesting locations in California. The Golden Gate Bridge is a must see in San Francisco, it is one of the most historic bridges and the doorway to the San Francisco Bay. Yosemite is a glorious national park and home to gorgeous waterfall, hiking and Half Dome. Along the coast, visiting Big Sur is a must, showcasing the sky high redwoods and a priceless view of the coastline. Palm Springs provides a fun dessert location that is the home to music festivals, incredible golfing and natural hot springs. Another point of interest, Lake Tahoe, a gorgeous Lake that is truly breath taking. It is surrounded by mountains of snow in the winter and the home to water skiers in the summer. This is just a taste of the amazing locations California has to offer. California truly has a treasure trove of benefits for visitors and residents, however it has been struggling with issues that can threaten its future and make it difficult for those that choose to call it home. California has very high taxes for both residents and business owners. The population boom has also created a lack of low cost housing, California is home to the some of the highest housing prices in the United States. The high taxes and high priced housing makes this state out of reach for many. Additionally, the state needs to work on investments in public education, infrastructure and homelessness which have all been suffering in recent years. Despite some of it's struggles, the Golden State continues to be golden due to amazing locations, an incredible climate, a diverse population and unmatched opportunity. California is a unique gem on the west coast for many to choose to live and visit.	general_qa	### Instruction: Is California a great place to live? ### Context: ### Answer: Many people are drawn to California for the diverse landscapes, sunshine, career opportunities and beautiful landmarks, however there are considerations when choosing the Golden State. California provides access to many beautiful and diverse topographical locations. The oceans that stretch from Northern California through to Mexico provide a rich wildlife habitat and amazing surf spots. The Sierras, the mountain range a short drive away, allow for skiing and snowboarding for a majority of the year at locations that have been home to the Winter Olympics. The Central Valley is the home of farmlands and ranches and seem to stretch for miles. California provides natural wonders from forests to desserts to mountain peaks. California's climate in most parts is mild throughout the year. It is joked about by many, that it has one season. However, with the onset of global warming the weather patterns have seen a change. The extreme droughts have been followed by extreme rain and flooding. Although there has been more extreme weather across the globe, California still has a predominantly mild climate for a majority of the year making it a top destination for those looking for sunshine. California has been known as the Golden State. It has provided golden opportunities for many who have come from all over the world to make their dreams come true. During the Gold Rush in the 1800s, miners came in from all over to find gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley. Hollywood, the home of movies and television for the world, has been the mecca of many young person looking to find success in acting and celebrity since the early 1900s. Silicon Valley has birthed some of the most successful companies in the world, showcasing the talents of students and entrepreneurs, changing the trajectory and pace of innovation. California is the home to many of the most transformative companies providing a wealth of job opportunities. California is the showcase of the American dream. One can spend years visiting landmarks and interesting locations in California. The Golden Gate Bridge is a must see in San Francisco, it is one of the most historic bridges and the doorway to the San Francisco Bay. Yosemite is a glorious national park and home to gorgeous waterfall, hiking and Half Dome. Along the coast, visiting Big Sur is a must, showcasing the sky high redwoods and a priceless view of the coastline. Palm Springs provides a fun dessert location that is the home to music festivals, incredible golfing and natural hot springs. Another point of interest, Lake Tahoe, a gorgeous Lake that is truly breath taking. It is surrounded by mountains of snow in the winter and the home to water skiers in the summer. This is just a taste of the amazing locations California has to offer. California truly has a treasure trove of benefits for visitors and residents, however it has been struggling with issues that can threaten its future and make it difficult for those that choose to call it home. California has very high taxes for both residents and business owners. The population boom has also created a lack of low cost housing, California is home to the some of the highest housing prices in the United States. The high taxes and high priced housing makes this state out of reach for many. Additionally, the state needs to work on investments in public education, infrastructure and homelessness which have all been suffering in recent years. Despite some of it's struggles, the Golden State continues to be golden due to amazing locations, an incredible climate, a diverse population and unmatched opportunity. California is a unique gem on the west coast for many to choose to live and visit.</s>
Given this paragraph about a train stabling complex, what was the original name of the Grove Park Sidings?	Grove Park Sidings is a large stabling complex for suburban commuter trains in Lewisham, South East London. It is situated approximately halfway between Hither Green Station and Grove Park station. Grove Park Sidings were previously named Hither Green Sidings, until sidings closer to Hither Green were built and took that name, causing the site to be renamed Grove Park Sidings. It consists of two sets of sidings, one on either side of the Main line which are linked by a pedestrian footbridge. On the Down side are Bramdean sidings and the large carriage shed, whilst on the Up side are St Mildreds sidings. There is also a carriage washing plant on the inlet road of Down sidings.	Hither Green Sidings	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given this paragraph about a train stabling complex, what was the original name of the Grove Park Sidings? ### Context: Grove Park Sidings is a large stabling complex for suburban commuter trains in Lewisham, South East London. It is situated approximately halfway between Hither Green Station and Grove Park station. Grove Park Sidings were previously named Hither Green Sidings, until sidings closer to Hither Green were built and took that name, causing the site to be renamed Grove Park Sidings. It consists of two sets of sidings, one on either side of the Main line which are linked by a pedestrian footbridge. On the Down side are Bramdean sidings and the large carriage shed, whilst on the Up side are St Mildreds sidings. There is also a carriage washing plant on the inlet road of Down sidings. ### Answer: Hither Green Sidings</s>
Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}	Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had three children.	• November 16, 1813 - This is when Daniel Leavitt was born • 1838 - This is when Daniel Leavitt married his wife Ruth Jeannette Ball.	information_extraction	### Instruction: Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} ### Context: Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had three children. ### Answer: • November 16, 1813 - This is when Daniel Leavitt was born • 1838 - This is when Daniel Leavitt married his wife Ruth Jeannette Ball.</s>