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Where were the 13th South Asian Games held?		They were held in 3 cities of Nepal-Kathmandu, Pokhara & Janakpur	open_qa	### Instruction: Where were the 13th South Asian Games held? ### Context: ### Answer: They were held in 3 cities of Nepal-Kathmandu, Pokhara & Janakpur</s>
Classify these as faster or slower than driving a car: running, flying a plane, riding a bike, walking, driving a boat.		Running, walking, and riding a bike will typically be slower than driving a car. Flying a plane will typically be faster than driving a car. Driving a boat may be slower or faster than driving a car, depending on where you’re going and whether a body of water might provide a more direct route.	classification	### Instruction: Classify these as faster or slower than driving a car: running, flying a plane, riding a bike, walking, driving a boat. ### Context: ### Answer: Running, walking, and riding a bike will typically be slower than driving a car. Flying a plane will typically be faster than driving a car. Driving a boat may be slower or faster than driving a car, depending on where you’re going and whether a body of water might provide a more direct route.</s>
Which of the following numbers is a real number: -200, -1.5, -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 200, pi, e, sqrt(-1)?		The real numbers among those are -200, -1.5, -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 200, pi, e	classification	### Instruction: Which of the following numbers is a real number: -200, -1.5, -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 200, pi, e, sqrt(-1)? ### Context: ### Answer: The real numbers among those are -200, -1.5, -1, 0, 1, 1.5, 200, pi, e</s>
Based on this paragraph, who directed White Rabbit?	White Rabbit is a 2013 American psychological drama film directed by Tim McCann and starring Nick Krause, Sam Trammell and Britt Robertson. Written by Anthony Di Pietro, the film concerns a mentally-ill teen being bullied in high school, whose visions urge him to take revenge. It was produced by Robert Yocum (Burning Sky Films), Shaun Sanghani (SSS Entertainment) and Jacky Lee Morgan. It had its world premiere at the Zurich Film Festival and is being distributed in the United States by Breaking Glass Pictures.	Tim McCann	closed_qa	### Instruction: Based on this paragraph, who directed White Rabbit? ### Context: White Rabbit is a 2013 American psychological drama film directed by Tim McCann and starring Nick Krause, Sam Trammell and Britt Robertson. Written by Anthony Di Pietro, the film concerns a mentally-ill teen being bullied in high school, whose visions urge him to take revenge. It was produced by Robert Yocum (Burning Sky Films), Shaun Sanghani (SSS Entertainment) and Jacky Lee Morgan. It had its world premiere at the Zurich Film Festival and is being distributed in the United States by Breaking Glass Pictures. ### Answer: Tim McCann</s>
List down important points about prisoners and events from the given passage	The first recorded interment occurred on 13 December 1922. Other burials at the cemetery include forty-four German and seven Italian prisoners of war who died at nearby detention camps during World War II, as well as four allied Chinese pilots. As of July 2022, there are three Medal of Honor recipients and twenty general officers interred at the cemetery	1. On December 13, 1922, the first known interment took place. 2. At the nearby detention centre during World War 2, 44 German and 7 Italian prisoners died and were buried there. 3. Four Chinese pilots are also interred at the cemetery beside these POWs. 4. Twenty general officers and three Medal of Honor recipients are buried at the cemetery as of July 22.	summarization	### Instruction: List down important points about prisoners and events from the given passage ### Context: The first recorded interment occurred on 13 December 1922. Other burials at the cemetery include forty-four German and seven Italian prisoners of war who died at nearby detention camps during World War II, as well as four allied Chinese pilots. As of July 2022, there are three Medal of Honor recipients and twenty general officers interred at the cemetery ### Answer: 1. On December 13, 1922, the first known interment took place. 2. At the nearby detention centre during World War 2, 44 German and 7 Italian prisoners died and were buried there. 3. Four Chinese pilots are also interred at the cemetery beside these POWs. 4. Twenty general officers and three Medal of Honor recipients are buried at the cemetery as of July 22.</s>
From the passage provided, extract the number of episodes that made up the seventh series of Waterloo Road.	The seventh series of the British television drama series Waterloo Road began broadcasting on 4 May 2011, and ended on 25 April 2012 on BBC One. The series follows the lives of the faculty and pupils of the eponymous school, a failing inner-city comprehensive school. It consists of thirty episodes, shown in three blocks of ten episodes each. The seventh series achieved an average of 5.30 million viewers in the ratings. It is the last series to be set in Rochdale, England.	The seventh series of Waterloo Road had thirty episodes.	information_extraction	### Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the number of episodes that made up the seventh series of Waterloo Road. ### Context: The seventh series of the British television drama series Waterloo Road began broadcasting on 4 May 2011, and ended on 25 April 2012 on BBC One. The series follows the lives of the faculty and pupils of the eponymous school, a failing inner-city comprehensive school. It consists of thirty episodes, shown in three blocks of ten episodes each. The seventh series achieved an average of 5.30 million viewers in the ratings. It is the last series to be set in Rochdale, England. ### Answer: The seventh series of Waterloo Road had thirty episodes.</s>
is Lakeview replacing dashboard		No	creative_writing	### Instruction: is Lakeview replacing dashboard ### Context: ### Answer: No</s>
Which is the well-known sport in India?		while India as a country has followers for many sports, Cricket has been the most popular game of all time. In recent times there has been a great following for Football however the popularity is still with Cricket	open_qa	### Instruction: Which is the well-known sport in India? ### Context: ### Answer: while India as a country has followers for many sports, Cricket has been the most popular game of all time. In recent times there has been a great following for Football however the popularity is still with Cricket</s>
International Booker Prize 2021 was given to		At night all blood is black	open_qa	### Instruction: International Booker Prize 2021 was given to ### Context: ### Answer: At night all blood is black</s>
Who wrote Ready Player One?	Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopia in 2045, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which would lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The book was published on August 16, 2011. An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters.Ch. 20 In 2012, the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association and won the 2011 Prometheus Award.	Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel written by American author Ernest Cline.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Who wrote Ready Player One? ### Context: Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopia in 2045, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which would lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The book was published on August 16, 2011. An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters.Ch. 20 In 2012, the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association and won the 2011 Prometheus Award. ### Answer: Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel written by American author Ernest Cline.</s>
Which company is owned by Bill Gates		Microsoft	open_qa	### Instruction: Which company is owned by Bill Gates ### Context: ### Answer: Microsoft</s>
What the the effects of houseplants?	Houseplants do not have an appreciable effect on the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in normal home environments: it would require between 10 and 1000 houseplants per square meter to achieve the same level of VOC removal as occurs from passive exchange between indoor and outdoor air. The idea that houseplants have an appreciable effect on indoor air quality is largely based on the Clean Air Study conducted by NASA in the 1980s. The study tested plants in sealed chambers and with highly elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (specifically benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde). It concluded that to the extent that houseplants improve air quality, the mechanism of action is microorganisms within the potting soil, rather than the plants themselves. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments, reducing carbon dioxide levels by 10-25% and carbon monoxide levels by up to 90%. The effect has been investigated by NASA for use in spacecraft. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity. They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. A critical review of the experimental literature concluded "The reviewed studies suggest that indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance. However, they also showed substantial heterogeneity in methods and results. We therefore have strong reservations about general claims that indoor plants cause beneficial psychological changes. It appears that benefits are contingent on features of the context in which the indoor plants are encountered and on characteristics of the people encountering them."	There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity.They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance.	information_extraction	### Instruction: What the the effects of houseplants? ### Context: Houseplants do not have an appreciable effect on the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in normal home environments: it would require between 10 and 1000 houseplants per square meter to achieve the same level of VOC removal as occurs from passive exchange between indoor and outdoor air. The idea that houseplants have an appreciable effect on indoor air quality is largely based on the Clean Air Study conducted by NASA in the 1980s. The study tested plants in sealed chambers and with highly elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (specifically benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde). It concluded that to the extent that houseplants improve air quality, the mechanism of action is microorganisms within the potting soil, rather than the plants themselves. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments, reducing carbon dioxide levels by 10-25% and carbon monoxide levels by up to 90%. The effect has been investigated by NASA for use in spacecraft. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity. They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. A critical review of the experimental literature concluded "The reviewed studies suggest that indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance. However, they also showed substantial heterogeneity in methods and results. We therefore have strong reservations about general claims that indoor plants cause beneficial psychological changes. It appears that benefits are contingent on features of the context in which the indoor plants are encountered and on characteristics of the people encountering them." ### Answer: There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity.They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance.</s>
Why Bangalore is so popular		It's the best IT sector in India It has some awesome colleges and pubs and brews	brainstorming	### Instruction: Why Bangalore is so popular ### Context: ### Answer: It's the best IT sector in India It has some awesome colleges and pubs and brews</s>
Provide 5 different ways you could improve a typical home's ambience		1. Remove clutter from common spaces 2. Add artwork to blank walls 3. Use common color themes within rooms 4. Match lighting to room purpose and vibe 5. Place a houseplant near the edge of the living room	brainstorming	### Instruction: Provide 5 different ways you could improve a typical home's ambience ### Context: ### Answer: 1. Remove clutter from common spaces 2. Add artwork to blank walls 3. Use common color themes within rooms 4. Match lighting to room purpose and vibe 5. Place a houseplant near the edge of the living room</s>
what is Financial centre	A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.[	A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries (such as banks and brokers), institutional investors (such as investment managers, pension funds, insurers, and hedge funds), and issuers (such as companies and governments). Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses, although many transactions take place over-the-counter (OTC), that is directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services, for example relating to mergers and acquisitions, public offerings, or corporate actions; or which participate in other areas of finance, such as private equity, hedge funds, and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies, as well as provision of related professional services, particularly legal advice and accounting services. The International Monetary Fund's classes of major financial centres are: International Financial Centres (IFCs), such as New York City, London, and Singapore; Regional Financial Centres (RFCs), such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Frankfurt, and Sydney; and Offshore Financial Centres (OFCs), such as Cayman Islands, Dublin, and Hong Kong. The City of London (the "Square Mile") is one of the oldest financial centres. London is ranked as one of the largest International Financial Centres in the world. International Financial Centres, and many Regional Financial Centres, are full–service financial centres with direct access to large capital pools from banks, insurance companies, investment funds, and listed capital markets, and are major global cities. Offshore Financial Centres, and also some Regional Financial Centres, tend to specialise in tax-driven services, such as corporate tax planning tools, tax–neutral vehicles, and shadow banking/securitisation, and can include smaller locations (e.g. Luxembourg), or city-states (e.g. Singapore). The IMF notes an overlap between Regional Financial Centres and Offshore Financial Centres (e.g. Hong Kong and Singapore are both Offshore Financial Centres and Regional Financial Centres). Since 2010, academics consider Offshore Financial Centres synonymous with tax havens.	information_extraction	### Instruction: what is Financial centre ### Context: A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.[ ### Answer: A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries (such as banks and brokers), institutional investors (such as investment managers, pension funds, insurers, and hedge funds), and issuers (such as companies and governments). Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses, although many transactions take place over-the-counter (OTC), that is directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services, for example relating to mergers and acquisitions, public offerings, or corporate actions; or which participate in other areas of finance, such as private equity, hedge funds, and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies, as well as provision of related professional services, particularly legal advice and accounting services. The International Monetary Fund's classes of major financial centres are: International Financial Centres (IFCs), such as New York City, London, and Singapore; Regional Financial Centres (RFCs), such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Frankfurt, and Sydney; and Offshore Financial Centres (OFCs), such as Cayman Islands, Dublin, and Hong Kong. The City of London (the "Square Mile") is one of the oldest financial centres. London is ranked as one of the largest International Financial Centres in the world. International Financial Centres, and many Regional Financial Centres, are full–service financial centres with direct access to large capital pools from banks, insurance companies, investment funds, and listed capital markets, and are major global cities. Offshore Financial Centres, and also some Regional Financial Centres, tend to specialise in tax-driven services, such as corporate tax planning tools, tax–neutral vehicles, and shadow banking/securitisation, and can include smaller locations (e.g. Luxembourg), or city-states (e.g. Singapore). The IMF notes an overlap between Regional Financial Centres and Offshore Financial Centres (e.g. Hong Kong and Singapore are both Offshore Financial Centres and Regional Financial Centres). Since 2010, academics consider Offshore Financial Centres synonymous with tax havens.</s>
What is the population of North Carolina?	North Carolina is a state in the Southern United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west. In the 2020 census, the state had a population of 10,439,388. Raleigh is the state's capital and Charlotte is its largest city.	In the 2020 census, the state of North Carolina had a population of 10,439,388. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States.	closed_qa	### Instruction: What is the population of North Carolina? ### Context: North Carolina is a state in the Southern United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west. In the 2020 census, the state had a population of 10,439,388. Raleigh is the state's capital and Charlotte is its largest city. ### Answer: In the 2020 census, the state of North Carolina had a population of 10,439,388. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States.</s>
What are the most important metrics for a Sales Leader?		Pipeline, Pipeline Coverage, Salescycle time, conversion rate, MQOs, SQOs, MQLs, Quota Attainment %	brainstorming	### Instruction: What are the most important metrics for a Sales Leader? ### Context: ### Answer: Pipeline, Pipeline Coverage, Salescycle time, conversion rate, MQOs, SQOs, MQLs, Quota Attainment %</s>
Who wrote the music and lyrics for Replay?	"Tomorrow" is a show tune from the musical Annie, with music by Charles Strouse and lyrics by Martin Charnin, published in 1977. The number was originally written as "Replay" (The Way We Live Now) for the 1970 short film Replay, with both music and lyrics by Strouse. In 1972 Strouse, and Thomas Meehan began working on a musical based on the Little Orphan Annie comic strips, Annie. Strouse contributed a reworked version of "Replay" as "Tomorrow". "Annie" took until 1976 to reach Broadway and during that time Strouse reworked "Replay" again for possible use in what became "Charlie and Algernon", a musical version of Daniel Keyes's Flowers for Algernon with book by playwright David Rogers although it was not ultimately used. "	Charles Strouse	closed_qa	### Instruction: Who wrote the music and lyrics for Replay? ### Context: "Tomorrow" is a show tune from the musical Annie, with music by Charles Strouse and lyrics by Martin Charnin, published in 1977. The number was originally written as "Replay" (The Way We Live Now) for the 1970 short film Replay, with both music and lyrics by Strouse. In 1972 Strouse, and Thomas Meehan began working on a musical based on the Little Orphan Annie comic strips, Annie. Strouse contributed a reworked version of "Replay" as "Tomorrow". "Annie" took until 1976 to reach Broadway and during that time Strouse reworked "Replay" again for possible use in what became "Charlie and Algernon", a musical version of Daniel Keyes's Flowers for Algernon with book by playwright David Rogers although it was not ultimately used. " ### Answer: Charles Strouse</s>
Let’s solve the following math problem. Each rabbit has 4 feets and each duck has 2 feets. If there are in total 25 heads and 88 feets, how many rabbits and how many ducks are there?		We can use equations to solve this problem. Let the number of ducks be X and the number of rabbits be Y. We have X+Y = 25 (1) 2X + 4Y = 88 (2). From the first equation, we know that X = 25-Y and we can substitute this into the second equation (2), and we get 2(25-Y) + 4Y = 88 Which can be simplified to 50 + 2Y = 88 and we have Y = 19. We substitute the value into (1), we will then get X = 6. There are 6 ducks and 19 rabbits!	general_qa	### Instruction: Let’s solve the following math problem. Each rabbit has 4 feets and each duck has 2 feets. If there are in total 25 heads and 88 feets, how many rabbits and how many ducks are there? ### Context: ### Answer: We can use equations to solve this problem. Let the number of ducks be X and the number of rabbits be Y. We have X+Y = 25 (1) 2X + 4Y = 88 (2). From the first equation, we know that X = 25-Y and we can substitute this into the second equation (2), and we get 2(25-Y) + 4Y = 88 Which can be simplified to 50 + 2Y = 88 and we have Y = 19. We substitute the value into (1), we will then get X = 6. There are 6 ducks and 19 rabbits!</s>
Why was there a lockout during the 1998-1999 NBA season?	The 1998–99 NBA season was the Hawks' 50th season in the National Basketball Association, and 31st season in Atlanta. On March 23, 1998, the owners of all 29 NBA teams voted 27–2 to reopen the league's collective bargaining agreement, seeking changes to the league's salary cap system, and a ceiling on individual player salaries. The National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) opposed to the owners' plan, and wanted raises for players who earned the league's minimum salary. After both sides failed to reach an agreement, the owners called for a lockout, which began on July 1, 1998, putting a hold on all team trades, free agent signings and training camp workouts, and cancelling many NBA regular season and preseason games. Due to the lockout, the NBA All-Star Game, which was scheduled to be played in Philadelphia on February 14, 1999, was also cancelled. However, on January 6, 1999, NBA commissioner David Stern, and NBPA director Billy Hunter finally reached an agreement to end the lockout. The deal was approved by both the players and owners, and was signed on January 20, ending the lockout after 204 days. The regular season began on February 5, and was cut short to just 50 games instead of the regular 82-game schedule	The players and owners failed to reach an agreement on salaries.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Why was there a lockout during the 1998-1999 NBA season? ### Context: The 1998–99 NBA season was the Hawks' 50th season in the National Basketball Association, and 31st season in Atlanta. On March 23, 1998, the owners of all 29 NBA teams voted 27–2 to reopen the league's collective bargaining agreement, seeking changes to the league's salary cap system, and a ceiling on individual player salaries. The National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) opposed to the owners' plan, and wanted raises for players who earned the league's minimum salary. After both sides failed to reach an agreement, the owners called for a lockout, which began on July 1, 1998, putting a hold on all team trades, free agent signings and training camp workouts, and cancelling many NBA regular season and preseason games. Due to the lockout, the NBA All-Star Game, which was scheduled to be played in Philadelphia on February 14, 1999, was also cancelled. However, on January 6, 1999, NBA commissioner David Stern, and NBPA director Billy Hunter finally reached an agreement to end the lockout. The deal was approved by both the players and owners, and was signed on January 20, ending the lockout after 204 days. The regular season began on February 5, and was cut short to just 50 games instead of the regular 82-game schedule ### Answer: The players and owners failed to reach an agreement on salaries.</s>
What should I do in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for a day?		If you are visiting Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for a day, there are several must-visit attractions located in the heart of the city center. One of the most famous tourist attractions is the Saigon Notre Dame Cathedral, which was constructed by French colonists in the 19th century and features a unique combination of Roman and Gothic styles that sets it apart from many other buildings in the city. Another famous French-inspired architecture is Ho Chi Minh City Post Office. Every detail inside this tourist destination in Saigon surprises visitors with its delicate beauty. The unique design style from the roofs, arched doorways, tile floors… This is really a tourist destination in Saigon that you should not miss on your trip. The Independence Palace, also known as the Reunification Convention Hall, is just a few minutes walk from the Notre Dame Cathedral. This iconic building is a symbol of the culture and history of the nation. Originally used as the home and workplace of the president of the Republic of Vietnam, it became a national monument when a North Vietnamese Army tank crashed through its gate during the Fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, bringing an end to the 20-year war with the USA. One of the most popular tourist attractions in Saigon is the Ben Thanh Market, which offers visitors hundreds of traditional and modern items to choose from. The market is not only a great place to find unique souvenirs, but it's also a food lover's paradise, where you can sample delicious traditional dishes at affordable prices. For those who appreciate professional art performances, a visit to the Ho Chi Minh City Opera House is a must. This beautiful building, designed by multiple architects, boasts an impressive exterior that showcases its grandeur and majesty. Once inside, visitors are treated to a modern, sophisticated ambiance, complete with state-of-the-art lighting and sound technology. The Ho Chi Minh City Opera House is a must-see destination for anyone interested in the arts and modern architecture. Another popular tourist destination in Saigon is the Vietnam History Museum, located on the former site of the Blanchard de la Brosse Museum. Built in 1929, the museum is home to tens of thousands of artifacts, 25,000 books, and many precious documents. Visitors can comfortably admire the historical value of these artifacts and gain knowledge about archeology, history, and ethnology. The Vietnam History Museum is an excellent place to explore and learn more about Vietnamese history and culture. With its impressive collection of artifacts and documents, visitors can gain a deeper understanding of the country's past and present. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for a unique cultural experience, a visit to the Vietnam History Museum is well worth your time. If you're looking to immerse yourself in the vibrant and modern atmosphere of Ho Chi Minh City 1, a visit to Bui Vien Walking Street is a must. The street is famous for its bustling shopping and entertainment activities and is known for never sleeping. And there are many street artists, performing arts, and the vibrant sounds of the bars and pubs, all of which create a lively and modern city vibe. Tourists and locals alike flock to Bui Vien Street, not just for the energetic atmosphere, but also for the diverse and delicious selection of food on offer. Whether you're looking for a fun night out or a quick bite to eat, Bui Vien Street has something for everyone. These attractions are conveniently located in the city center and offer a glimpse into Ho Chi Minh City's rich history and cultural heritage.	brainstorming	### Instruction: What should I do in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for a day? ### Context: ### Answer: If you are visiting Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for a day, there are several must-visit attractions located in the heart of the city center. One of the most famous tourist attractions is the Saigon Notre Dame Cathedral, which was constructed by French colonists in the 19th century and features a unique combination of Roman and Gothic styles that sets it apart from many other buildings in the city. Another famous French-inspired architecture is Ho Chi Minh City Post Office. Every detail inside this tourist destination in Saigon surprises visitors with its delicate beauty. The unique design style from the roofs, arched doorways, tile floors… This is really a tourist destination in Saigon that you should not miss on your trip. The Independence Palace, also known as the Reunification Convention Hall, is just a few minutes walk from the Notre Dame Cathedral. This iconic building is a symbol of the culture and history of the nation. Originally used as the home and workplace of the president of the Republic of Vietnam, it became a national monument when a North Vietnamese Army tank crashed through its gate during the Fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, bringing an end to the 20-year war with the USA. One of the most popular tourist attractions in Saigon is the Ben Thanh Market, which offers visitors hundreds of traditional and modern items to choose from. The market is not only a great place to find unique souvenirs, but it's also a food lover's paradise, where you can sample delicious traditional dishes at affordable prices. For those who appreciate professional art performances, a visit to the Ho Chi Minh City Opera House is a must. This beautiful building, designed by multiple architects, boasts an impressive exterior that showcases its grandeur and majesty. Once inside, visitors are treated to a modern, sophisticated ambiance, complete with state-of-the-art lighting and sound technology. The Ho Chi Minh City Opera House is a must-see destination for anyone interested in the arts and modern architecture. Another popular tourist destination in Saigon is the Vietnam History Museum, located on the former site of the Blanchard de la Brosse Museum. Built in 1929, the museum is home to tens of thousands of artifacts, 25,000 books, and many precious documents. Visitors can comfortably admire the historical value of these artifacts and gain knowledge about archeology, history, and ethnology. The Vietnam History Museum is an excellent place to explore and learn more about Vietnamese history and culture. With its impressive collection of artifacts and documents, visitors can gain a deeper understanding of the country's past and present. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for a unique cultural experience, a visit to the Vietnam History Museum is well worth your time. If you're looking to immerse yourself in the vibrant and modern atmosphere of Ho Chi Minh City 1, a visit to Bui Vien Walking Street is a must. The street is famous for its bustling shopping and entertainment activities and is known for never sleeping. And there are many street artists, performing arts, and the vibrant sounds of the bars and pubs, all of which create a lively and modern city vibe. Tourists and locals alike flock to Bui Vien Street, not just for the energetic atmosphere, but also for the diverse and delicious selection of food on offer. Whether you're looking for a fun night out or a quick bite to eat, Bui Vien Street has something for everyone. These attractions are conveniently located in the city center and offer a glimpse into Ho Chi Minh City's rich history and cultural heritage.</s>
What are some benefits of public transportation?		Public transportation is better for the environment. Buses and trains emit less carbon dioxide per person than private transportation. Public transportation is more affordable than private transportation. By spreading out the cost of transportation ownership and maintenance among the large number of public transportation riders, public transportation is cheaper than private transportation.	creative_writing	### Instruction: What are some benefits of public transportation? ### Context: ### Answer: Public transportation is better for the environment. Buses and trains emit less carbon dioxide per person than private transportation. Public transportation is more affordable than private transportation. By spreading out the cost of transportation ownership and maintenance among the large number of public transportation riders, public transportation is cheaper than private transportation.</s>
What is hot pot?	Hot pot or hotpot (simplified Chinese: 火锅; traditional Chinese: 火鍋; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot'), also known as soup-food or steamboat, is a dish whereby a heat source placed on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering, and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and ingredients are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock.	Hot pot is a traditional Chinese dish that you put all kinds of food such as sliced beef/lamp, seafood, vegetables, meatballs into a boiled seasoned soup until they are fully cooked	summarization	### Instruction: What is hot pot? ### Context: Hot pot or hotpot (simplified Chinese: 火锅; traditional Chinese: 火鍋; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot'), also known as soup-food or steamboat, is a dish whereby a heat source placed on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering, and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and ingredients are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock. ### Answer: Hot pot is a traditional Chinese dish that you put all kinds of food such as sliced beef/lamp, seafood, vegetables, meatballs into a boiled seasoned soup until they are fully cooked</s>
Who is Laika and why is she famous?	Laika (/ˈlaɪkə/ LY-kə; Russian: Лайка, IPA: [ˈlajkə]; c. 1954 – 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957. As the technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, Laika's survival was never expected. She died of overheating hours into the flight, on the craft's fourth orbit. Little was known about the effects of spaceflight on living creatures at the time of Laika's mission, and animal flights were viewed by engineers as a necessary precursor to human missions. The experiment, which monitored Laika's vital signs, aimed to prove that a living organism could survive being launched into orbit and continue to function under conditions of weakened gravity and increased radiation, providing scientists with some of the first data on the biological effects of spaceflight. Laika died within hours from overheating, possibly caused by a failure of the central R‑7 sustainer to separate from the payload. The true cause and time of her death were not made public until 2002; instead, it was widely reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six or, as the Soviet government initially claimed, she was euthanised prior to oxygen depletion. In 2008, a small monument to Laika depicting her standing atop a rocket was unveiled near the military research facility in Moscow that prepared her flight. She also appears on the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow.	Laika was one of the first animals in space and the first one to orbit the space. She was sent into the outer space by the Soviet Union. She died of overheating hours into the flight while the spacecraft carrying her was in the orbit.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Who is Laika and why is she famous? ### Context: Laika (/ˈlaɪkə/ LY-kə; Russian: Лайка, IPA: [ˈlajkə]; c. 1954 – 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957. As the technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, Laika's survival was never expected. She died of overheating hours into the flight, on the craft's fourth orbit. Little was known about the effects of spaceflight on living creatures at the time of Laika's mission, and animal flights were viewed by engineers as a necessary precursor to human missions. The experiment, which monitored Laika's vital signs, aimed to prove that a living organism could survive being launched into orbit and continue to function under conditions of weakened gravity and increased radiation, providing scientists with some of the first data on the biological effects of spaceflight. Laika died within hours from overheating, possibly caused by a failure of the central R‑7 sustainer to separate from the payload. The true cause and time of her death were not made public until 2002; instead, it was widely reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six or, as the Soviet government initially claimed, she was euthanised prior to oxygen depletion. In 2008, a small monument to Laika depicting her standing atop a rocket was unveiled near the military research facility in Moscow that prepared her flight. She also appears on the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow. ### Answer: Laika was one of the first animals in space and the first one to orbit the space. She was sent into the outer space by the Soviet Union. She died of overheating hours into the flight while the spacecraft carrying her was in the orbit.</s>
What is SCSS?		The Sassy Cascading Style Sheets (SCSS) is basically a more advanced and evolved variant of the CSS language. Natalie Weizenbaum and Chris Eppstein created it, and Hampton Catlin designed it. It comes with more advanced features- thus often called Sassy CSS.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is SCSS? ### Context: ### Answer: The Sassy Cascading Style Sheets (SCSS) is basically a more advanced and evolved variant of the CSS language. Natalie Weizenbaum and Chris Eppstein created it, and Hampton Catlin designed it. It comes with more advanced features- thus often called Sassy CSS.</s>
Which field hockey team has won the Stanley Cup twice in a row?		In a stifling game on Sunday, the Pittsburgh Penguins made the difference with a minute and a half left against Nashville (2-0) to pocket their second consecutive Stanley Cup (4-2).	open_qa	### Instruction: Which field hockey team has won the Stanley Cup twice in a row? ### Context: ### Answer: In a stifling game on Sunday, the Pittsburgh Penguins made the difference with a minute and a half left against Nashville (2-0) to pocket their second consecutive Stanley Cup (4-2).</s>
What does S3 stands for?		S3 stands for Amazon Simple Storage Service.	open_qa	### Instruction: What does S3 stands for? ### Context: ### Answer: S3 stands for Amazon Simple Storage Service.</s>
Categorize the below in terms of Red wine or white wine. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Malbec, Zinfandel, Grenache, Sangiovese, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chenin Blanc, Pinot Gris (or Pinot Grigio), Semillon, Viognier, Torrontes, Albariño, Gewurztraminer.		White wine - Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chenin Blanc, Pinot Gris (or Pinot Grigio), Semillon, Viognier, Torrontes, Albariño and Gewurztraminer. Red wine - Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Malbec, Zinfandel, Grenache and Sangiovese.	classification	### Instruction: Categorize the below in terms of Red wine or white wine. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Malbec, Zinfandel, Grenache, Sangiovese, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chenin Blanc, Pinot Gris (or Pinot Grigio), Semillon, Viognier, Torrontes, Albariño, Gewurztraminer. ### Context: ### Answer: White wine - Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chenin Blanc, Pinot Gris (or Pinot Grigio), Semillon, Viognier, Torrontes, Albariño and Gewurztraminer. Red wine - Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Malbec, Zinfandel, Grenache and Sangiovese.</s>
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Damphu, Dulcimer		Dulcimer is string, Damphu is percussion.	classification	### Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Damphu, Dulcimer ### Context: ### Answer: Dulcimer is string, Damphu is percussion.</s>
What are the 4 oceans on earth		Atlantic Ocean Arctic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean	open_qa	### Instruction: What are the 4 oceans on earth ### Context: ### Answer: Atlantic Ocean Arctic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean</s>
Are UGGs considered fashionable?		UGGs were originally worn in Australia by surfers and in the 90’s became mainstream. However since then, they’ve became unpopular and even described as “basic girl” footwear. Recently, their popularity has had a resurgence. While the question of whether they are fashionable is largely debated, the comfort they provide is undeniable.	general_qa	### Instruction: Are UGGs considered fashionable? ### Context: ### Answer: UGGs were originally worn in Australia by surfers and in the 90’s became mainstream. However since then, they’ve became unpopular and even described as “basic girl” footwear. Recently, their popularity has had a resurgence. While the question of whether they are fashionable is largely debated, the comfort they provide is undeniable.</s>
Recommend some good Dreampop music.		Beach House, Mazzy Star, Cocteau Twins, Japanese Breakfast and Lush are some popular Dreampop artists.	brainstorming	### Instruction: Recommend some good Dreampop music. ### Context: ### Answer: Beach House, Mazzy Star, Cocteau Twins, Japanese Breakfast and Lush are some popular Dreampop artists.</s>
What is the alphabet?		The alphabet consists of 26 characters or letters than can be used to form words. These words put together create sentences, and sentences put together create paragraphs. Paragraphs put together create stories. There are rules for how to form words in the English language. Vowels A, E, I, O, U are the most used characters in words formed by the letters of the alphabet. When words are spoken these form the sounds of the language we call English. English is spoken as a primary language in countries like Canada, Great Britain, Australia and the United States.	open_qa	### Instruction: What is the alphabet? ### Context: ### Answer: The alphabet consists of 26 characters or letters than can be used to form words. These words put together create sentences, and sentences put together create paragraphs. Paragraphs put together create stories. There are rules for how to form words in the English language. Vowels A, E, I, O, U are the most used characters in words formed by the letters of the alphabet. When words are spoken these form the sounds of the language we call English. English is spoken as a primary language in countries like Canada, Great Britain, Australia and the United States.</s>
Classify these as things you would want to wear for a rainy day or a very hot day: umbrella, ball cap, rain jacket, t-shirt, sunglasses, rain boots, flip-flops		umbrella: rain, ball cap: hot day, rain jacket: rainy day, t-shirt: hot day, sunglasses: hot day, rain boots: rainy day, flip-flops: hot day	classification	### Instruction: Classify these as things you would want to wear for a rainy day or a very hot day: umbrella, ball cap, rain jacket, t-shirt, sunglasses, rain boots, flip-flops ### Context: ### Answer: umbrella: rain, ball cap: hot day, rain jacket: rainy day, t-shirt: hot day, sunglasses: hot day, rain boots: rainy day, flip-flops: hot day</s>
What are some common ways that adults break bones?		- Falling off of a ladder - Falling down the stairs - Playing recreational sports - Being in a car crash	brainstorming	### Instruction: What are some common ways that adults break bones? ### Context: ### Answer: - Falling off of a ladder - Falling down the stairs - Playing recreational sports - Being in a car crash</s>
Why is a meme compared to a gene?	A meme (/miːm/ MEEM) is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person within a culture and often carries symbolic meaning representing a particular phenomenon or theme. A meme acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices, that can be transmitted from one mind to another through writing, speech, gestures, rituals, or other imitable phenomena with a mimicked theme. Supporters of the concept regard memes as cultural analogues to genes in that they self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures. In popular language, a meme may refer to an Internet meme, typically an image, that is remixed, copied, and circulated in a shared cultural experience online.	A meme is compared to a gene because it can self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures similar to that of a gene.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Why is a meme compared to a gene? ### Context: A meme (/miːm/ MEEM) is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person within a culture and often carries symbolic meaning representing a particular phenomenon or theme. A meme acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices, that can be transmitted from one mind to another through writing, speech, gestures, rituals, or other imitable phenomena with a mimicked theme. Supporters of the concept regard memes as cultural analogues to genes in that they self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures. In popular language, a meme may refer to an Internet meme, typically an image, that is remixed, copied, and circulated in a shared cultural experience online. ### Answer: A meme is compared to a gene because it can self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures similar to that of a gene.</s>
Give me a list of herbs I can plant in my garden		Mint, Thyme, Basil, Cilantro, Parsley, Tarragon, Oregano	brainstorming	### Instruction: Give me a list of herbs I can plant in my garden ### Context: ### Answer: Mint, Thyme, Basil, Cilantro, Parsley, Tarragon, Oregano</s>
Based on the following passage describe the first solid-state device and its use.	Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing. Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature. Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646. Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862. While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels. The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor. Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948.	The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect.	information_extraction	### Instruction: Based on the following passage describe the first solid-state device and its use. ### Context: Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing. Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature. Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646. Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862. While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels. The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor. Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. ### Answer: The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect.</s>
Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}	The Carolina Biological Supply Company was founded in 1927 by Dr. Thomas E. Powell Jr., a young geology and biology professor at Elon College (now Elon University). During the 1920s, science teachers had to collect most of the materials they used in their classes and laboratories, which took considerable time away from their primary responsibilities. Like other teachers, Dr. Powell spent much of his own time in the field gathering specimens for his classes. Because he usually got more than he needed, he sold the surplus to his colleagues. His efforts grew into Carolina Biological Supply Company, as Powell foresaw a need for his collecting abilities in the coming years.	• 1927 - This is when the Carolina Biological Supply Company was founded. • 1920s - During this time period science teachers had to collect most of the materials they used in their classes and laboratories, which took considerable time away from their primary responsibilities.	information_extraction	### Instruction: Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} ### Context: The Carolina Biological Supply Company was founded in 1927 by Dr. Thomas E. Powell Jr., a young geology and biology professor at Elon College (now Elon University). During the 1920s, science teachers had to collect most of the materials they used in their classes and laboratories, which took considerable time away from their primary responsibilities. Like other teachers, Dr. Powell spent much of his own time in the field gathering specimens for his classes. Because he usually got more than he needed, he sold the surplus to his colleagues. His efforts grew into Carolina Biological Supply Company, as Powell foresaw a need for his collecting abilities in the coming years. ### Answer: • 1927 - This is when the Carolina Biological Supply Company was founded. • 1920s - During this time period science teachers had to collect most of the materials they used in their classes and laboratories, which took considerable time away from their primary responsibilities.</s>
Which book is Mary Shelley most famous for?		Frankenstein	open_qa	### Instruction: Which book is Mary Shelley most famous for? ### Context: ### Answer: Frankenstein</s>