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UNCTAD/WTO, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other relevant bodies, to continue to strengthen the activities covered by its Second

other relevant bodies, to continue to strengthen the activities covered by its Second Account in developing countries with its supply chain concept of improving access

Account in developing countries with its supply chain concept of improving access to markets and reliability of supply, enhancing diversification and addition of value,

to markets and reliability of supply, enhancing diversification and addition of value, improving the competitiveness of commodities, strengthening the market chain,

improving the competitiveness of commodities, strengthening the market chain, improving market structures, broadening the export base and ensuring the effective

improving market structures, broadening the export base and ensuring the effective participation of all stakeholders;

participation of all stakeholders; 21. Invites all relevant stakeholders, including the United Nations

21. Invites all relevant stakeholders, including the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the Common Fund for Commodities and the

Conference on Trade and Development, the Common Fund for Commodities and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, within their respective

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, within their respective mandates, and other donors to intensify their support for the financing of

mandates, and other donors to intensify their support for the financing of commodity diversification, focusing on developing private sector capacity,

commodity diversification, focusing on developing private sector capacity, strengthening market institutions, developing strong producer associations for

strengthening market institutions, developing strong producer associations for commodities with a proper role for producers, including women and small farmers,

commodities with a proper role for producers, including women and small farmers, developing key infrastructure and stimulating investments;

developing key infrastructure and stimulating investments; 22. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in collaboration

22. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in collaboration with the Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to

with the Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to report on the implementation of the present resolution and to report on world

report on the implementation of the present resolution and to report on world commodity trends and prospects to the General Assembly at its sixty-first session;

commodity trends and prospects to the General Assembly at its sixty-first session; 23. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-first session,

23. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-first session, under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”, the sub-item entitled

under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”, the sub-item entitled “Commodities”.

United Nations A/S-24/5 General Assembly Distr.: General

General Assembly Distr.: General 24 May 2000

24 May 2000 Original: English

Original: English 00-44901(E) 120600

00-44901(E) 120600 `````````

````````` Twenty-fourth special session

Twenty-fourth special session Letter dated 18 May 2000 from the Permanent Representative of

Letter dated 18 May 2000 from the Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

Austria to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General I have the honour to transmit to the General Assembly at its special session

I have the honour to transmit to the General Assembly at its special session entitled “World Summit for Social Development and beyond: achieving social

entitled “World Summit for Social Development and beyond: achieving social development for all in a globalizing world” the outcome of the workshops on

development for all in a globalizing world” the outcome of the workshops on combating corruption and community involvement in crime prevention which were

combating corruption and community involvement in crime prevention which were conducted during the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime

conducted during the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (Vienna, 10-17 April 2000) (see annexes).

and the Treatment of Offenders (Vienna, 10-17 April 2000) (see annexes). At those workshops, international experts on crime prevention elaborated

At those workshops, international experts on crime prevention elaborated valuable recommendations on the reduction of crime in the context of social

valuable recommendations on the reduction of crime in the context of social development.

development. I should be grateful if you would have the reports annexed hereto circulated as

I should be grateful if you would have the reports annexed hereto circulated as documents of the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly.

documents of the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly. (Signed) Gerhard Pfanzelter

(Signed) Gerhard Pfanzelter Ambassador

Ambassador Annex I to the letter dated 18 May 2000 from the Permanent

Annex I to the letter dated 18 May 2000 from the Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations addressed to

Representative of Austria to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

the Secretary-General Workshop on combating corruption

Workshop on combating corruption 1. The Workshop on combating corruption, organized by the United Nations

1. The Workshop on combating corruption, organized by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute in cooperation with the

Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute in cooperation with the International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council was held on 10 and 11

International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council was held on 10 and 11 April 2000 within the framework of Committee II. The Workshop had before it a

April 2000 within the framework of Committee II. The Workshop had before it a background paper prepared by the Institute (A/CONF.187/9) and an informal

background paper prepared by the Institute (A/CONF.187/9) and an informal document on the proceedings of the International Conference on the theme

document on the proceedings of the International Conference on the theme “Responding to Challenges of Corruption”, held in Milan, Italy, on 19 and 20

“Responding to Challenges of Corruption”, held in Milan, Italy, on 19 and 20 November 1999. The Workshop was addressed at its opening session by the

November 1999. The Workshop was addressed at its opening session by the Secretary-General of the Congress and Executive Director of the Office for Drug

Secretary-General of the Congress and Executive Director of the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention. The representatives of 24 Governments made

Control and Crime Prevention. The representatives of 24 Governments made statements, and 21 presentations were made by representatives of specialized

statements, and 21 presentations were made by representatives of specialized governmental agencies, international organizations, non-governmental

governmental agencies, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, academia and the private sector.

organizations, academia and the private sector. 2. The Workshop adopted the multidisciplinary approach advocated in the global

2. The Workshop adopted the multidisciplinary approach advocated in the global programme against corruption, launched jointly by the Centre for International

programme against corruption, launched jointly by the Centre for International Crime Prevention and the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research

Crime Prevention and the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, and considered definitions and causes of corruption, monitoring and

Institute, and considered definitions and causes of corruption, monitoring and assessment, the organized crime nexus, measures to combat corruption at the

assessment, the organized crime nexus, measures to combat corruption at the international and national levels, crime prevention, and best practices. The

international and national levels, crime prevention, and best practices. The Workshop made recommendations concerning measures to be taken with regard to

Workshop made recommendations concerning measures to be taken with regard to law enforcement, legislation, the private sector and civil society, as well as measures

law enforcement, legislation, the private sector and civil society, as well as measures to be taken at the international level, including the promotion of debate on the

to be taken at the international level, including the promotion of debate on the possible development of a United Nations instrument against corruption. The

possible development of a United Nations instrument against corruption. The activities at present being undertaken within the framework of the global programme

activities at present being undertaken within the framework of the global programme against corruption were described by representatives of the Centre and the Institute.

against corruption were described by representatives of the Centre and the Institute. 3. There was general agreement on the importance of transparency, the

3. There was general agreement on the importance of transparency, the independence and integrity of investigative and subsequent criminal justice

independence and integrity of investigative and subsequent criminal justice processes, and strengthening the role of civil society (including the media and the

processes, and strengthening the role of civil society (including the media and the private sector). Participants in the Workshop were greatly encouraged by the

private sector). Participants in the Workshop were greatly encouraged by the increased public awareness of the issue of corruption but noted that, in many

increased public awareness of the issue of corruption but noted that, in many countries, a great deal remained to be done, not only within the legal framework but

countries, a great deal remained to be done, not only within the legal framework but also in the implementation of policies, in particular those concerning

also in the implementation of policies, in particular those concerning enforcement — for example, in raising awareness of the risk and cost of corruption

enforcement — for example, in raising awareness of the risk and cost of corruption to the offenders. There was agreement that general strategies to combat corruption

to the offenders. There was agreement that general strategies to combat corruption must be adapted to the situation in particular countries.

must be adapted to the situation in particular countries. 4. The discussion highlighted the need for justice to be applied to past activities,

4. The discussion highlighted the need for justice to be applied to past activities, including financial recovery of the proceeds of corruption, proper investigation,

including financial recovery of the proceeds of corruption, proper investigation, prosecution and the application of effective criminal and/or non-criminal sanctions.

prosecution and the application of effective criminal and/or non-criminal sanctions. 5. At the same time it was considered necessary to provide appropriate

5. At the same time it was considered necessary to provide appropriate prevention measures for the future, including the strengthening of civil society,

prevention measures for the future, including the strengthening of civil society, decreasing the opportunities for corruption of high-level and low-level officials,

decreasing the opportunities for corruption of high-level and low-level officials, improving their status and providing social rewards for those who were not corrupt

improving their status and providing social rewards for those who were not corrupt in the performance of their duties. Finally, there was need to develop a mechanism

in the performance of their duties. Finally, there was need to develop a mechanism that would permit systematic feedback from anti-corruption investigations into

that would permit systematic feedback from anti-corruption investigations into prevention measures and best practices.

prevention measures and best practices. 6. A possible methodology for curbing corruption was suggested. The first step

6. A possible methodology for curbing corruption was suggested. The first step should be to increase the perceived risk, costs, insecurity and degree of difficulty in

should be to increase the perceived risk, costs, insecurity and degree of difficulty in engaging in acts of corruption, through, inter alia, targeted risk-based prevention

engaging in acts of corruption, through, inter alia, targeted risk-based prevention efforts, with stricter regulation of contract-bidding and vetting procedures. As a

efforts, with stricter regulation of contract-bidding and vetting procedures. As a second step, the perceived risks of corruption to the offenders should be increased

second step, the perceived risks of corruption to the offenders should be increased through efficient and independent investigations and criminal justice processes, an

through efficient and independent investigations and criminal justice processes, an approach that supplemented awareness-raising, proactive integrity testing and

approach that supplemented awareness-raising, proactive integrity testing and independent mechanisms for dealing with complaints.

independent mechanisms for dealing with complaints. 7. The rewards anticipated from corruption by the offenders should be reduced by