Datasets:

max-long

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textiles_ner_json

like 0

['287', '(#375)', '############################################', '7', 'Ring', 'Spinners', '160', '$pl', 'PA', 'Pito', 'Louretu', 'House', '8', 'Worsted', 'Mules', '70g', 'Spli', "63'$tretch", '96f', 'long', 'PARTITION', 'Rins', 'Spinners', '160', 'spl', '.', '134"', 'Pitch', 'mon', 'Ring', 'Spinners', '160', 'Sp.', '344"', 'Pitch', 'Storage', 'Space', 'Mechanics', 'Storage', 'Room', 'Shop', 'for', 'Yarns', 'Storage', 'Bins', 'Store', 'Room', 'for', 'Yarns', 'PUSASHIO', 'ROVER', '24', 'HEADS', '48', 'HOPNS', 'FINISHING', 'ROVER', '24', 'HEADS', '48', 'POBBINS', 'FINISHING', 'ROVER', '29', 'JADS', '49', 'OBLINS', 'KUVING', 'Le', 'HEADS', '3', 'HOBBIN', 'ROWING', '11', 'HEABS.', 'ROERMS', 'Top&Roving', 'Start', 'Room', 'for', 'French', 'TDrawing', 'Material', 'Krop', '&', 'Roving', 'Store', 'Room', 'for', 'French', 'Drawing', 'Material', 'Gill', 'Bax', 'FINISHING', 'ROVER', '124', 'HEADS', '15', 'BOBRINJ', 'FICESLIING', 'ROVER', '24', 'HEADS', '48', 'BORBLYS', 'FINISHING', 'ROVER', '24', 'HEADS', 'ta', 'BOBRIS', 'ROVING', '18', 'HEADS', '5', 'BOBBIKS.', 'ROVING', '18', 'HEADS', '36', 'BOBBINS', 'ISTERIFDINE', 'LLLADS', '36', 'POBUNS', 'TIST', 'INTERMEDIATE', 'he', 'HEADS', '36', 'BOBPINS', 'SLUBBING', 'LB', 'HEADS', '36', 'BOBSTUS', 'KEDUCING', '18', 'HEADS', '36', 'BORBINS', '35', 'DROG', 'his', 'ADS', 'I', 'BOBBINS', 'Gill', 'Box', '36', '203', 'Gill', 'Bux', 'Gill', 'Box', 'KTIEWING', 'HEADS', 'SORTS', 'LETRAWING', '850', '8', 'BOBBINS', 'SLOUBTIG', '18', 'HEADS', '36', 'BOBBINS.', 'REDUCING', '18', 'HEADS', '36', 'POBBITS', 'DRAWING', 'SIRADS', 'TOBABD/', '2.', 'DAVIMO', 'HEADS', '50BWINS', 'PARTITION', 'J2', 'DRAWING', '8', 'BEADS', 'A', 'BOHINS', '168', 'fy', 'ID', 'TAL', 'IFNOTH', 'rt', 'AREA', '38,592', 'San', 'BREADTS', '181', 'Fig.', '83.—Plan', 'illustrating', 'French', 'Drawing', 'with', 'Ring', 'and', 'Mule', 'Spinning', 'Plants', 'Note.--Each', 'of', 'these', 'two', 'sets', 'will', 'approximately', 'produce', '5,000', 'lbs.', 'per', 'week', 'of', '48', 'hours.', 'The', 'two', 'plants', 'are', 'divided', 'off', 'in', 'order', 'that', 'one', 'may', 'be', 'employed', 'for', 'whites', 'and', 'the', 'other', 'for', 'colours.', '287']

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['288', '(#376)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', 'Meagre', 'as', 'the', 'foregoing', 'particulars', 'are', 'they', 'will', 'serve', 'as', 'types', 'from', 'which', 'the', 'manager', 'may', 'start', 'upon', 'an', 'exploration', 'into', 'the', 'many', 'fascinating', 'points', 'dealt', 'with', 'in', 'this', 'chapter.', 'In', 'Fig.', '82', 'a', 'typical', 'English', 'spinning', 'shed', 'is', 'illus-', 'trated.', 'This', 'plan', 'and', 'the', 'arrangements', 'of', 'the', 'machines', 'should', 'be', 'very', 'carefully', 'studied', 'as', 'typical.', 'Many', 'most', 'important', 'points', 'are', 'here', 'illustrated', 'which', 'cannot', 'be', 'referred', 'to', 'at', 'length', 'in', 'the', 'text.', 'In', 'Fig.', '83', 'a', 'shed', 'equipped', 'with', 'French', 'drawing', 'and', 'half', 'ring', 'and', 'half', 'mule', 'spinning', 'is', 'shown.', 'The', 'details', 'of', 'the', 'drawing', 'machines', 'are', 'continued', 'in', 'the', 'table', 'on', 'the', 'previous', 'page.', '288']

[[102, 103, 'Textile Machine']]

['292', '(#380)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', '»', 'twist', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'diagram', 'as', 'Fig.', '84,', 'specially', 'designed', 'by', 'Mr.', 'King,', 'of', 'the', 'Bradford', 'Technical', 'College.', 'This', 'judgment', 'may', 'be', 'aided', 'by', 'the', 'following', 'recorded', 'experiments', ':', '(a)', 'Lustre', 'yarn', 'twists—5°', 'to', '12°.', '(6)', 'Hosiery', 'worsted', 'twists—12°', 'to', '15º.', '(c)', 'Normal', 'worsted', 'and', 'soft', 'woollen', 'twists-', '15°', 'to', '20°', '(d)', 'Normal', 'woollen', 'twists—20°', 'to', '25°.', '(e)', 'Twist', 'for', 'greatest', 'strength—221°', 'to', '25°.', '()', 'Twist', 'for', 'voiles,', 'crépons,', 'etc.-30°', 'to', '45°.', '2.', 'Insight', 'as', 'to', 'the', 'effect', 'upon', 'the', 'fibre', 'angle', 'of', 'the', 'folding', 'twist', 'inserted.', 'Thus,', 'as', 'shown', 'in', 'Fig.', '85,', 'there', 'are', 'six', 'possibilities', 'in', 'twisting', 'twofold', 'yarns,', 'of', 'which', 'the', 'most', 'important', 'are', ':-', '(a)', 'Converse', 'twist-usually', '“', 'balanced', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'twofolding', 'just', 'balances', 'the', 'single', 'twist,', 'the', 'result', 'being', 'that', 'this', 'yarn', 'comes', 'directly', 'from', 'the', 'spinning', 'frame', 'in', 'a', 'straight,', 'non-kinking', 'state', ';', '(6)', 'Straight', 'fibre', 'twist', '—', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'two-', 'folding', 'twist', 'just', 'neutralizes', 'the', 'single', 'twist,', 'bringing', 'the', 'fibres', 'longitudinally', 'in', 'the', 'thread.', 'This', 'appears', 'to', 'be', 'the', 'best', 'all-', 'round', 'twist,', 'and', 'is', 'suitable', 'not', 'only', 'for', 'worsted', 'yarns,', 'but', 'also', 'for', 'thick', 'ropes', 'and', 'wire', 'cables', ';', '(c)', 'Concurrent', 'twist-in', 'which', 'the', 'twofolding', 'twist', 'more', 'than', 'neutralizes', 'the', 'single', 'twist', ',', 'both', 'fibre', 'angle', 'and', 'twist', 'angle', 'being', 'in', 'the', 'same', 'direction.', 'These', 'three', 'twists', 'may', 'be', 'defined', 'numerically', 'as', 'follows:--', '292']

[[140, 141, 'Textile Machine']]

['294', '(#385)', '############################################', 'TWISTING', 'THEORIES', 'AND', 'PRACTICE', 'Example:', 'A', "1/16's", 'yarn', 'is', 'to', 'be', 'twisted', 'into', 'a', "4/16's", 'hosiery', 'yarn.', 'Find', 'the', 'single', 'and', 'fourfold', 'twist.', '(1)', '15°', 'hosiery', 'angle', 'gives', '8', 'turns', 'per', 'inch', 'single;', 'and', '(2)', 'balanced', 'twist', 'gives', '2', 'turns', 'per', 'inch', 'for', 'the', 'folded', 'yarn.', 'The', 'experimental', 'yarn', 'spinner', 'should', 'experiment', 'with', 'yarns', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'twofold', 'twist', 'much', 'exceeds', 'the', 'single', 'twist.', 'Special', 'twist', 'effects—at', 'comparatively', 'little', 'cost-are', 'thus', 'produced.', 'The', 'relative', 'costs', 'of', 'producing', 'the', 'various', 'types', 'of', 'single', 'and', 'twist', 'yarns', 'should', 'also', 'be', 'worked', 'out', 'and', 'graphed.', 'Actual', 'examples', 'of', 'the', 'four', 'types', 'of', 'twist', 'yarns', 'graphically', 'illustrated', 'in', 'Fig.', '86', 'are', 'given', 'in', 'Fig.', '87.', 'In', 'Fig.', '88', 'a', 'nomogram', 'designed', 'by', 'Dr.', 'Brodetsky,', 'of', 'the', 'University', 'of', 'Leeds,', 'is', 'given,', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'which', 'is', 'so', 'much', 'in', 'evidence', 'that', 'it', 'need', 'not', 'here', 'be', 'described.', 'All', 'calculations', 'relating', 'to', 'twist', 'angles', 'and', 'turns', 'per', 'inch', 'can', 'be', 'solved', 'by', 'merely', 'placing', 'a', 'straight-edge', 'correctly', 'on', 'this', 'graph.', 'It', 'may', 'be', 'asked—Is', 'there', 'no', 'variation', 'in', 'twist', 'to', 'be', 'made', 'for', 'quality', 'or', 'for', 'any', 'other', 'variable', 'condition', '?', 'The', 'answer', 'is-Probably.', 'But', 'the', 'foregoing', 'par-', 'ticulars', 'are', 'so', 'satisfactory', 'in', 'the', 'results', 'they', 'give', 'that', 'it', 'will', 'take', 'a', 'very', 'clever', 'spinner', 'or', 'cloth', 'constructor', 'to', 'improve', 'upon', 'them', 'within', 'ordinary', 'count', 'limits.*', 'It', 'will', 'be', 'found', 'that', 'they', 'act', 'as', 'a', 'wonderful', 'key', 'to', 'almost', 'all', 'twist', 'problems;', 'the', 'few', 'cases', 'they', 'do', 'not', 'cover', 'being', 'quite', 'insignificant.', 'Similarly', 'the', 'principles', 'here', 'enumerated', 'so', 'dominate', 'everything', 'else', 'that', 'they', 'may', 'be', 'taken', 'equally', 'to', 'apply', 'to', 'flyer,', 'cap,', 'ring', 'or', 'mule', 'twisting.', '*', 'For', 'abnormally', 'low', 'and', 'abnormally', 'high', 'counts', 'there', 'is', 'probably', 'a', 'factor', 'which', 'has', 'not', 'yet', 'been', 'isolated', 'nor', 'taken', 'into', 'account:', '295']

[]

['307', '(#399)', '############################################', '1', 'CHAPTER', 'XIII', 'PROCESSES', 'SUBSEQUENT', 'TO', 'TWISTING', 'deco', 'THE', 'yarns', 'spun', 'may', 'be', 'required', 'for', 'the', 'following', 'purposes', '-', 'I.', 'For', 'warp', ';', '2.', 'For', 'weft', ';', '3.', 'For', 'hosiery', 'or', 'knitting', 'machines', ';', '4.', 'For', 'export;', '5.', 'For', 'dyeing.', 'The', 'various', 'points', 'involved', 'in', 'each', 'of', 'the', 'foregoing', 'requirements', 'are', 'worthy', 'of', 'careful', 'consideration.', '1.', 'For', 'Warp.-Yarns', 'for', 'warps', 'may', 'be', 'delivered', 'in', 'the', 'following', 'forms', ':-', '(a)', 'On', 'double-headed', 'bobbins', ';', '(6)', 'On', 'cheeses', ';', '(c)', 'In', 'chain', 'form-sized', 'or', 'unsized', ';', '(d)', 'On', 'the', 'loom', 'beam', 'or', 'American', '“spool”-sized', 'or', 'unsized.', 'The', 'double-headed', 'bobbin-save', 'when', 'the', 'yarn', 'may', 'be', 'warped', 'directly', 'from', 'the', 'bobbin', 'upon', 'which', 'it', 'has', 'been', 'spun', 'or', 'twisted-is', 'a', 'thing', 'of', 'the', 'past,', 'the', 'cheese', 'having', 'almost', 'entirely', 'taken', 'its', 'place.', 'Warps', 'should', 'be', 'made', 'from', 'cheeses,', 'each', 'of', 'the', 'same', 'build,', 'and', 'containing', 'the', 'same', 'number', 'of', 'yards,', 'thus', 'ensuring', 'all', 'running', 'off', 'together', 'and', 'regular', 'tension', 'throughout.', 'Under', 'no', 'circumstances', 'should', 'cheeses', 'be', 'ditioned.”', 'Defects', 'arising', 'from', 'such', 'conditioning', 'are', 'innumerable.', 'They', 'may', 'be', 'hidden', 'as', 'warp', 'but', 'will', 'cer-', 'tainly', 'show', 'as', 'weft.', 'Far', 'better', 'invoice', 'the', 'additional', 'con-', '307']

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['308', '(#400)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', '重', '\u200bpercentage', 'of', 'water', 'which', 'is', 'allowable', 'under', 'trade', 'regu-', 'lations.', 'No', 'irregular', 'exposure', 'of', 'cheeses', 'even', 'to', 'sun-', 'light', 'should', 'be', 'possible', 'under', 'any', 'conditions', 'whatever.', 'If', 'the', 'yarn', 'is', 'to', 'be', 'delivered', 'in', 'chain', 'form', 'it', 'may', 'be', '"chained', '”', 'direct', 'from', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'warping', 'systems;', 'or', 'it', 'may', 'be', 'first', 'sized', 'full', 'width', 'and', 'then', '“', 'chained', '”;', 'or', 'it', 'may', 'be', '“chained', '”', 'and', 'then', 'sized,', 'and', 'dried', 'in', 'as', 'opened', 'a', 'state', 'as', 'possible.', 'Under', 'any', 'circumstances', 'the', 'definition', 'of', 'warping', 'should', 'be', 'borne', 'in', 'mind,', 'viz,', 'a', 'definite', 'number', 'of', 'threads,', 'each', 'at', 'the', 'same', 'ten-', 'sion,', 'in', 'a', 'definite', 'order,', 'and', 'of', 'a', 'definite', 'length.', 'If', 'sized', 'there', 'will', 'be', 'the', 'additional', 'condition-regularly', 'sized', 'with', 'an', 'efficient', 'agent', 'and', 'each', 'thread', 'separated', 'from', 'its', 'neighbour.', 'If', 'yarns', 'are', 'to', 'be', 'delivered', 'on', 'the', 'loom', 'beam', 'all', 'the', 'foregoing', 'particulars', 'may', 'be', 'desired', 'with', 'the', 'additional', 'conditions', '“', 'dressed', 'to', 'the', 'required', 'width,', 'regularly', 'wound', 'and', 'tightly', 'tensioned', 'on', 'to', 'the', 'loom', 'beam', 'with', 'equal', 'tension', 'from', 'list', 'to', 'list”', 'and', 'with', 'an', 'end', 'and', 'end', 'lease', 'for', 'drawing', 'or', 'twisting-in', 'purposes.', '2.', 'For', 'Weft.Some', 'yarns', 'are', 'so', 'delicate', 'that', 'they', 'will', 'not', 'stand', 'winding', ';', 'these', 'must', 'be', 'spun', 'on', 'to', 'spools,', 'paper', 'tubes,', 'or', 'cannettes,', 'such', 'fitting', 'perfectly', 'the', 'shuttles', 'of', 'the', 'looms', 'which', 'must', 'weave', 'them.', 'If,', 'however,', 'yarns', 'will', 'stand', 'winding,', 'it', 'may', 'pay', 'to', 'wind,', 'as', 'irregularities', 'may', 'be', 'taken', 'out', 'and', 'the', 'yarn', 'from', 'about', 'three', 'spinning', 'spools', 'wound', 'on', 'to', 'one', 'shuttle', 'spool', '-', 'thus', 'markedly', 'reducing', 'the', 'loom', 'stoppages', 'and', 'increasing', 'the', 'weaving', 'efficiency.', 'Under', 'any', 'circumstances', 'care', 'must', 'be', 'taken', 'never', 'to', 'mix', 'wound', 'and', 'unwound', 'spools,', 'there', 'is', 'a', '"', 'direction', 'of', 'the', 'fibre', 'on', 'every', 'yarn,', 'and', 'to', 'weave', 'alternate', 'spools-', 'wound', 'and', 'unwound—will', 'inevitably', 'result', 'in', 'a', '“', 'weft-', 'barred', '"', 'unsaleable', 'piece.', 'There', 'are', 'two', 'reasons', 'for', 'winding', 'which', 'should', 'not', 'be', 'overlooked.', 'In', 'woollen', '308']

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['309', '(#401)', '############################################', 'RSTED', 'SPOT', 'PROGESSES', 'SUBSEQUENT', 'TO', 'TWISTING', 'mable', 'anderen', 'ci', 'che', 'ci', '5', 'conditions', 'in', 'chaic', 'his', 'sodale', 'be', 'borne', 'B', 'ch', 'at', 'the', 'e', 'dennite', 'hain', 'rian-', 'e', 'loom', 'de', 'sired', 'rig', 'spinning,', 'for', 'example,', 'it', 'may', 'be', 'desirable', 'to', 'wind', 'warp', 'or', 'weft', 'into', 'cop', 'form,', 'thus', 'saving', 'the', 'changing', 'of', 'the', 'shaper-rail,', 'etc.,', 'on', 'the', 'mule', 'as', 'between', 'warp', 'and', 'weft,', 'and', 'also', 'saving', 'tare.', 'Again,', 'the', 'question', 'of', 'winding', 'or', 'not', 'may', 'depend', 'upon', 'the', 'type', 'of', 'loom', '-or', 'rather', 'upon', 'the', 'type', 'of', '“pick"', 'and', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'shuttle-box.', 'With', 'a', 'hard', 'pick', 'and', 'a', 'short', 'shuttle-', 'box', 'it', 'is', 'impossible', 'to', 'prevent', 'softly', 'wound', 'spools', 'from', '“sluffing,"', 'i.e.', 'the', 'yarn', 'shooting', 'off', 'the', 'end', 'of', 'the', 'bobbin', 'as', 'the', 'shuttle', 'is', 'brought', 'too', 'suddenly', 'to', 'rest.', 'This', 'difficulty,', 'however,', 'would', 'not', 'arise', 'with', 'good', 'spinning,', 'a', 'slinging', '”', 'pick,', 'and', 'a', 'long', 'shuttle-box', 'and', 'checking', 'arrangement', 'to', 'bring', 'the', 'shuttle', 'slowly', 'to', 'rest.', '3.', 'For', 'Hosiery', 'or', 'Knitting', 'Machines.—Tests', 'carried', 'out', 'to', 'decide', 'the', 'relative', 'merits', 'of', 'the', 'different', 'systems', 'of', 'drawing', 'and', 'spinning', 'for', 'hosiery', 'yarns', 'have', 'shown-', '(a)', 'that', 'there', 'does', 'seem', 'to', 'be', 'an', 'advantage', 'of', 'fullness', 'in', 'French', 'or', 'twistless', 'drawing;', 'and', '(6)', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'little', 'or', 'no', 'difference', 'between', 'mule,', 'flyer', '(special', 'construction)', 'and', 'ring', 'spinning.', 'Yet', 'hosiery', 'manufacturers', 'still', 'incline', 'to', 'the', 'mule-', 'spun', 'yarn.', 'The', 'probable', 'reasons', 'for', 'this', 'are-', '(1)', 'Less', 'loss', 'in', 'oil,', 'the', 'yarns', 'being', '“dry"', 'spun.', '(2)', 'Sometimes', 'more', 'perfect', 'workmanship,', 'and', '(3)', 'A', 'greater', 'length', 'spun', 'without', 'a', 'joining.', 'The', 'dire', 'results', 'of', 'knots,', 'slubs', 'and', 'bad', 'places', 'in', 'yarn', 'during', 'the', 'actual', 'knitting', 'operation', 'need', 'not', 'be', 'elaborated', 'upon—they', 'are', 'self-evident.', 'It', 'will,', 'there-', 'fore,', 'pay', 'the', 'hosiery', 'yarn', 'spinner', 'to', 'spin', 'his', 'yarns', 'as', 'perfectly', 'as', 'possible,', 'and', 'then', 'to', 'wind', 'on', 'to', 'the', 'conical-', 'shaped', 'cheese', 'of', 'large', 'diameter', 'so', 'strongly', 'favoured', 'in', 'the', 'hosiery', 'industry.', 'Many', 'hosiery', 'manufacturers', 'regard', 'the', 'perfect', 'building', 'up', 'of', 'the', 'cheeses', 'they', 'use', 'on', 'to', '>', 'ale', 'Hoon', '.', 'me.', 'army', '404', 'L.', '309']

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['310', '(#402)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', '1', 'of', 'so', 'much', 'importance', 'that', 'they', 'prefer', 'to', 'do', 'this', 'winding', 'themselves,', 'and', 'plants', 'are', 'often', 'arranged', 'with', 'balanced', 'sets', 'of', 'winding', 'and', 'knitting', 'machines', 'alongside', 'one', 'another.', 'But', 'under', 'any', 'circumstances', 'the', 'hosiery', 'spinner', 'will', 'do', 'well', 'to', 'bear', 'in', 'mind', 'the', 'difficulties', 'of', 'knitting,', 'and', 'to', 'supply', 'the', 'hosiery', 'manu-', 'facturer', 'with', 'the', 'most', 'perfectly', 'spun', 'and', 'wound', 'yarn', 'possible.', '4.', 'For', 'Export.—The', 'fundamental', 'problem', 'here', 'is', 'the', 'tare”', 'account.', 'The', 'many', 'costs', 'incident', 'upon', 'exporting', 'yarns', 'on', 'bobbins', 'or', 'spools', 'practically', 'rule', 'out', 'these', 'methods', 'of', 'delivery.', 'For', 'the', 'home', 'trade', 'the', '“Spool', 'Counting', 'by', 'Weighing"', 'machine', 'of', 'Messrs.', 'Avery', 'and', 'Co.,', 'is', 'strongly', 'to', 'be', 'commended.', 'The', 'idea', 'is', 'to', 'place', 'the', 'skep,', 'paper,', 'etc.,', 'on', 'the', 'platform', 'of', 'the', 'machine', 'and', 'balance', '(recording', 'the', 'weight);', 'then', 'to', 'fill', 'the', 'skep', 'with', 'spools', 'and', 'weigh', 'these', 'spools', 'by', 'making', 'ten', 'or', 'twenty', 'representative', 'spools', 'as', 'the', 'unit', 'for', 'weighing,', 'the', 'pointer', 'indicating', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'spools', 'in', 'the', 'skep.', 'Fig.', '91', 'is', 'an', 'illustration', 'of', 'this', 'type', 'of', 'machine.', 'While', 'not', 'quite', 'as', 'accurate', 'as', 'counting,”', 'it', 'is', 'much', 'more', 'accurate', 'than', 'any', 'es-', 'timating,”', 'even', 'by', 'experienced', 'hands.', 'Practically', 'all', 'the', 'export', 'trade', 'is', 'done', 'in', 'yarns', 'directly', 'spun', 'on', 'to', 'paper', 'tubes,', 'or', 'wound', 'on', 'to', 'cheeses', 'or', 'in', 'hank', 'form.', 'Again', 'conditioning', 'should', 'be', 'avoided', 'if', 'at', 'all', 'possible.', '5.', 'For', 'Dyeing.–Yarns', 'may', 'be', 'dyed', 'on', 'the', 'following', 'methods', ':', '(a)', 'Hank', 'dyeing;', '(6)', 'Warp', 'dyeing;', '(c)', 'Cop', 'dyeing;', 'and', '(d)', 'Cheese', 'dyeing.', 'For', 'hank', 'dyeing', 'the', 'yarn', 'must', 'be', 'reeled', 'into', 'hanks', '9', '(', '310']

[[103, 107, 'Textile Machine']]

['310', '(#403)', '############################################', 'Fig.', '91.', '–', "Avery's", 'Spool', 'Counting', 'by', 'Weighing', 'Machine']

[[6, 11, 'Textile Machine']]

['310', '(#404)', '############################################', 'Fig.', '92.', '-Pirn', 'Winder']

[[6, 6, 'Textile Machine']]

['311', '(#405)', '############################################', 'PROCESSES', 'SUBSEQUENT', 'TO', 'TWISTING', 'of', 'suitable', 'size', 'and', 'dyed', 'in', 'the', 'machine', 'specially', 'designed', 'for', 'this', 'purpose.', 'Great', 'care', 'must', 'be', 'taken', 'to', 'avoid', '"', 'ending"', 'of', 'the', 'hanks', 'or', 'any', 'other', 'irregu-', 'larity.', 'Warp', 'dyeing', 'is', 'usually', 'effected', 'by', 'running', 'the', 'warp', 'in', 'chain', 'form', 'through', 'the', 'dyeing', 'liquor.', 'Great', 'care', 'is', 'necessary', 'to', 'dye', '"head"', 'and', '"tail', '”', 'alike.', 'Some-', '”', 'times', 'such', 'warps', 'are', 're-wound', 'and', 'woven', 'as', 'wefts.', 'Under', 'these', 'circumstances', 'it', 'may', 'be', 'well', 'to', 'make', 'the', 'warp', 'of', 'the', 'length,', 'required', 'for', 'one', 'thread', 'to', 'wind', 'on', 'to', 'one', 'spool,', 'and', 'to', 'double', 'the', 'warp', 'back', 'one', 'or', 'more', 'times', 'in', 'chaining,', 'so', 'that', 'the', 'beginning', 'and', 'the', 'end', 'form', 'a', 'given', 'spool', 'come', 'from,', 'say,', 'the', 'head', 'end', 'of', 'the', 'warp,', 'and', 'will', 'then', 'show', 'no', 'precise', 'break', 'or', 'difference', 'such', 'as', 'might', 'be', 'anticipated', 'by', 'head', 'and', 'tail', 'coming', 'together', 'in', 'the', 'cloth.', 'These', 'yarns', 'should', 'always', 'be', '“”', 'weft-mixed', '"', 'in', 'weaving.', 'Cop', 'and', 'cheese', 'dyeing', 'are', 'now', 'reasonably', 'perfectly', 'effected', 'by', 'machines', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'dyeing', 'liquor', 'is', 'pumped', 'through', 'the', 'cops', 'or', 'cheeses,', 'which', 'are', 'held', 'on', 'perforated', 'or', 'spiral', 'supports,', 'first', 'in', 'one', 'direction', 'and', 'then', 'in', 'the', 'other', 'direction.', 'There', 'is', 'a', 'great', 'advantage', 'in', 'cop', 'and', 'cheese', 'dyeing', 'as', 'compared', 'with', 'hank', 'dyeing—the', 'yarns', 'need', 'not', 'be', 're-wound', 'and', 'the', 'thread', 'structure', 'is', 'not', 'disintegrated.', 'Again,', 'no', 'pains', 'should', 'be', 'spared', 'to', 'render', 'dyeing-', 'whatever', 'form', 'may', 'be', 'adopted-as', 'perfect', 'as', 'possible.', 'Machinery', 'to', 'be', 'Employed.', '-', 'The', 'only', 'two', '.', 'machines', 'which', 'should', 'here', 'claim', 'attention', 'are', '1.', 'The', 'cheese', 'winder;', 'and', '2.', 'The', 'spooler', 'or', 'weft-pirn', 'winder.', 'The', 'cheese', 'winder', 'is', 'illustrated', 'in', 'Fig.', '93.', 'It', 'is', 'placed', 'on', 'the', 'market', 'in', 'a', 'simple', 'form', 'known', 'as', 'the', '“split-drum', 'winder,”', 'and', 'in', 'a', 'more', 'complex', 'form', 'known', 'as', 'the', 'Leeson', 'or', 'International', 'winder', '(for', '311']

[[98, 98, 'Textile Machine Part'], [121, 121, 'Textile Machine Part'], [267, 268, 'Textile Machine'], [274, 275, 'Textile Machine'], [277, 278, 'Textile Machine'], [298, 298, 'Textile Machine'], [272, 272, 'Textile Machine'], [308, 311, 'Textile Machine']]

['312', '(#406)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', '.', 'J&T', 'BOYD', 'LIA', 'GLASCOW', 'Fig.', '93.-Cheese', 'Winder-split-drum', 'type', '312']

[[14, 15, 'Textile Machine']]

['313', '(#407)', '############################################', 'CED', 'PROCESSES', 'SUBSEQUENT', 'TO', 'TWISTING', '66', 'come', ')', 'cheeses).', 'In', 'the', 'former', 'case', 'the', 'split', 'in', 'the', 'drum', 'serves', 'as', 'the', 'guide', 'for', 'the', 'thread', 'on', 'to', 'the', 'cheese', ';', 'in', 'the', 'latter', 'case', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'specially', 'constructed', 'guide', 'which', 'receives', 'the', 'thread', '—', 'accurately', 'tensioned—and', 'directs', 'it', 'on', 'to', 'the', 'revolving', 'spindle', 'or', 'cheese.', 'In', 'both', 'cases', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'the', 'traversing', 'guide', 'concentrating', 'the', 'twist', 'in', 'the', 'yarn', 'in', 'one', 'direction', 'and', 'taking', 'it', 'out', 'in', 'the', 'other', 'direction', 'must', 'be', 'guarded', 'against-', 'especially', 'if', 'the', 'yarn', 'is', 'at', 'all', 'likely', 'to', 'be', '"set"', 'in', 'the', 'cheese', 'form.', 'There', 'are', 'two', 'types', 'of', 'pirn', 'winders', 'on', 'the', 'market.', 'The', 'Universal', 'winder', 'is', 'representative', 'of', 'the', 'first', 'type,', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'pirn', 'and', 'spindle', 'have', 'a', 'simple', 'movement', 'of', 'rotation,', 'the', 'thread', 'guide', 'moving', 'to', 'direct', 'the', 'thread', 'in', 'controlling', 'the', 'building', 'up', 'of', 'a', 'firm,', 'solid', 'pirn.', 'In', 'the', 'second', 'type', 'the', 'pirn', 'and', 'spindle', 'have', 'not', 'only', 'a', 'movement', 'of', 'rotation', 'but', 'a', 'and', 'go”', 'movement', 'to', 'distribute', 'the', 'thread', 'to', 'ensure', 'the', 'building', 'up', 'of', 'a', 'firm,', 'solid', 'spool,', 'the', 'thread', 'guide', 'being', 'stationary.', 'In', 'view', 'of', 'the', 'tension', 'of', 'the', 'thread', 'being', 'the', 'dominant', 'difficulty,', 'the', 'latter', 'type', 'of', 'machine', 'is', 'worthy', 'of', 'careful', 'consideration', 'although', 'the', 'Universal', 'winder', 'type', '(Fig.', '92)', 'is', 'so', 'excellent', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'usually', 'little', 'to', 'choose', 'between', 'the', 'two.', 'For', 'particulars', 'of', 'the', 'various', 'warping,', 'sizing,', 'dressing', 'and', 'beaming', 'machines,', 'readers', 'are', 'referred', 'to', 'the', 'standard', 'books', 'on', 'these', 'machines.', 'Scouring', 'and', 'Setting', 'Yarns.-Yarns', 'are', 'frequently', 'scoured', 'in', 'the', 'hank', 'state.', 'To', 'effect', 'this,', 'the', 'hanks', 'must', 'be', 'securely', 'held', 'between', 'two', 'traversing', 'tapes', 'which', 'carry', 'them', 'into', 'and', 'through', 'the', 'scouring', 'bath-', 'in', 'which', 'there', 'are', 'usually', 'one', 'or', 'two', '“nips', '”—but', 'do', 'not', 'prevent', 'the', 'scouring', 'liquor', 'thoroughly', 'cleaning', 'them', 'without', 'felting', 'or', 'entanglement.', 'The', 'normal', 'type', '313']

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['316', '(#410)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', '1', '(a)', 'To', 'stretch', 'the', 'yarn', 'as', 'far', 'as', 'it', 'can', 'be', 'stretched,', 'or', 'is', 'likely', 'to', 'be', 'stretched', 'in', 'the', 'subsequent', 'manufacturing', 'processes;', 'and', '(6)', 'To', 'boil', 'the', 'yarn', 'in', 'this', 'stretched', 'state', 'to', 'take', 'out', 'the', 'marked', 'irregular', 'strains', 'usually', 'present,', 'and', 'also', 'to', 'dry', 'in', 'this', 'stretched', 'form.', 'Why', 'boiling', 'takes', 'out', 'the', 'strains', 'and', 'why', 'they', 'come', 'in', 'again', 'on', 'additional', 'tension', 'being', 'applied', 'is', 'obviously', 'a', 'fascinating', 'physical', 'problem', 'for', 'research.', 'It', 'is', 'evident', 'that', 'the', 'drying', 'time', 'and', 'temperature', 'should', 'be', 'carefully', 'taken', 'cognizance', 'of.', 'Recent', 'researches', 'have', 'suggested', 'that', 'the', 'presence', 'or', 'absence', 'of', 'a', 'medulla', 'and', 'the', 'relative', 'proportions', 'of', 'cuticle', 'and', 'cortex', 'must', 'also', 'be', 'taken', 'into', 'account.', 'The', 'physical', 'behaviour', 'of', 'wool', 'fibres', 'appears,', 'at', 'least', 'in', 'part,', 'to', 'depend', 'upon', 'internal', 'structure.', 'Lustre', 'also', 'depends,', 'in', 'part,', 'upon', 'internal', 'structure-', 'hence', 'the', 'importance', 'of', 'the', 'work', 'at', 'present', 'being', 'undertaken', 'by', 'Professor', 'Cossar', 'Ewart,', 'F.R.S.,', 'of', 'Edinburgh', 'University.', 'As', 'shown', 'in', 'Chapter', 'XII.,', 'p.', '292,', 'it', 'is', 'possible', 'to', 'so', 'balance', 'single', 'twist', 'and', 'twofolding', 'twist', 'that', 'a', 'limp', 'non-kinking', 'yarn', 'is', 'directly', 'taken', 'off', 'the', 'spinning', 'frame.', 'How', 'far', 'such', 'a', 'yarn', 'will', 'serve', 'the', 'purpose', 'of', 'a', '“set”', 'yarn', 'is', 'worth', 'considering.', 'It', 'may', 'а.', 'also', 'be', 'well', 'to', 'consider', 'which', 'type', 'of', 'twofold', 'twist', '--balanced,', 'straight-fibre,', 'or', 'square-twist-best', 'lends', 'itself', 'to', '“setting', 'on', 'the', 'lines', 'described', 'above.', 'But', 'under', 'any', 'circumstances', 'irregular', 'fibre', 'strains,', 'fibre', 'curvature', 'and', 'twist', 'curvature', 'must', 'be', 'taken', 'into', 'account,', 'especially', 'in', 'cross-breds,', 'in', 'which', 'materials', 'irregularities', 'are', 'much', 'in', 'evidence.', 'Certain', 'hosiery', 'fabrics', 'are', 'made', 'unshrinkable', 'by', '316']

[[194, 195, 'Textile Machine']]

['318', '(#412)', '############################################', 'CHAPTER', 'XIV', 'THE', 'TESTING', 'OF', 'WOOLS,', 'TOPS', 'AND', 'YARNS,', 'AND', 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'TESTING', 'APPARATUS', 'It', 'is', 'now', 'generally', 'recognized', 'that', 'even', 'the', 'smallest', 'firm', 'should', 'have', 'a', 'small', 'testing', 'laboratory—that', 'all', 'materials', 'should', 'be', 'compared', 'with', 'their', 'standards—', 'and', 'that', 'the', 'productions', 'of', 'any', 'and', 'every', 'firm', 'should', 'go', 'forth', 'accredited', 'under', 'reasonably', 'guaranteed', 'con-', 'ditions.', 'One', 'mistake', 'has', 'often', 'cost', 'a', 'firm', 'many', 'times', 'over', 'the', 'cost', 'of', 'the', 'equipment', 'and', 'maintenance', 'of', 'a', 'suitable', 'laboratory.', 'The', 'following', 'equipment', 'is', 'essential', ':-', '1.', 'Microscope', 'with', '2', 'in.,', '1', 'in.,', 'and', '3', 'in.', 'objectives,', 'with', 'substage', 'and', 'eyepiece', 'micrometer.', '2.', 'Experimental', 'equipment', 'for', 'scouring,', 'carbon-', 'izing,', 'blueing,', 'bleaching,', 'etc.', '3.', 'Hand', 'carder', '(or', 'small', 'experimental', 'set', 'of', 'draw-', 'ing', 'machines', 'followed', 'by', 'knitting', 'machine)', 'for', 'testing', 'colour', 'blends,', 'etc.', "Lovibond's", 'Tintometer', 'would', 'of', 'course', 'be', 'an', 'admirable', 'addition', 'for', 'a', 'coloured', 'yarn', 'spinner.', '4.', 'Conditioning', 'oven.', '5.', 'Velvet-covered', 'boards', 'for', 'top', 'drawing.', '6.', 'Single', 'thread', 'strength-tester', 'to', 'grasp', 'threads', 'with', 'little', 'or', 'no', 'space', 'in', 'between', 'and', 'up', 'to', 'a', 'short', 'weaving', 'length,', 'say', '18', 'in.', '318']

[[112, 113, 'Textile Machine'], [124, 125, 'Textile Machine'], [146, 147, 'Textile Machine'], [131, 132, 'Textile Machine'], [155, 157, 'Textile Machine']]

['318', '(#413)', '############################################', 'TV', 'S', 'AND', 'TE', 'APPARATUS', 'CLOTH', 'A', 'B', '*****', 'THREAD', 'at', 'even', 'the', 's', 'laborator-t', 'th', 'their', 'stari', 'ad', 'every', 'fimi', 'Sly', 'guarante', 't', 'a', 'firm', 'many', 'nd', 'maintenar', 'ving', 'equipaci', 'nd', 'f', 'in.', 'objet', 'micrometer', 'Fig.', '95.-Extension', 'Testing', 'Machine', 'scouring', ',', 'at', 'C.', 'ental', 'set', 'at', 'knitting', 'mata', 'etc.', 'Lonika', 'be', 'an', 'admin', 'pinner.', 'rawing', 'grasp', 'threat', 'reen', 'and', 'in.']

[[41, 42, 'Textile Machine']]

['319', '(#415)', '############################################', 'TESTING', 'OF', 'WOOLS,', 'TOPS', 'AND', 'YARNS', '7.', 'Hank', 'strength', 'tester.', '*', '8.', 'Twist', 'tester', 'for', 'short', 'lengths.', '9.', 'Twist', 'tester', 'for', 'long', 'lengths.', 'Io.', 'Yarn', 'examining', 'machine', 'with', 'black', 'and', 'white', 'cards', 'for', 'winding', 'yarns', 'on', 'to;', 'and', 'II.', 'Fine', 'balances', 'for', 'accurate', 'weighing.', '•', 'SPUN.SILK', 'AND', '-', 'MERCOCOTTON', '•', 'WOOLLEN', 'Toz.', '-15oz:', 'N', '32', 'ELONCATION', 'ELONGATION', 'ARTIFICIAL', 'SILK,', '•WORSTED:', '-12%202', '7', '(29/00', '275', '446', 'STRENGTH', 'STRENGTH', 'Fig.', '97.-Graphs', 'produced', 'upon', "Neate's", 'Extensometer”', '66', 'A', 'more', 'elaborate', 'equipment', 'would', 'contain', ':-', '(a)', 'Photo-micrographic', 'apparatus', ';', '(6)', 'Special', 'microscopic', 'attachments', 'including', 'polar-', 'izer', 'and', 'analyser', ';', '*', 'In', 'the', 'cotton', 'trade', 'the', 'standard', 'Lea', 'tests', 'are', '1800', '·', 'lbs.', 'for', 'Ring', 'Warp;', 'Counts', 'Ібоо', 'lbs.', 'for', 'Mule', 'Warp;', 'Counts', 'and', '1350', 'lbs.', 'for', 'Mule', 'Weft', 'Counts', '319']

[[10, 12, 'Textile Machine'], [15, 16, 'Textile Machine'], [21, 22, 'Textile Machine'], [27, 29, 'Textile Machine'], [74, 75, 'Textile Machine']]

['320', '(#416)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', '(c)', 'The', 'Schlumberger', 'or', 'Société', 'Alsacienne', 'or', 'Dr.', "Ball's", 'Top', 'Analyser', ';', '(d)', "Barker's", 'Extension', 'Tester;', '(e)', "Heal's", 'Yarn', 'Examiner', ';', '(', "Neate's", 'Extensometer', ';', 'and', '(g)', 'Special', 'apparatus', 'for', 'knitting', 'and', 'weaving', 'yarns', 'to', 'test', 'the', 'qualities', 'and', 'perfections', 'or', 'imperfections.', 'In', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'foregoing', 'machines,', 'etc.,', 'many', 'modifications', 'of', 'these', 'machines', 'and', 'some', 'specially', 'designed', 'machines', 'will', 'certainly', 'be', 'required.', 'Two', 'of', 'the', 'most', 'recently', 'developed', 'testing', 'machines', 'are', 'illustrated', 'in', 'Figs.', '95', 'and', '96.', 'In', 'Fig.', '95', "Barker's", 'Extension', 'Testing', 'machine', 'is', 'illustrated.', 'This', 'machine', 'enables', 'the', 'cloth', 'constructor', 'with', 'accuracy', 'to', 'work', 'back', 'from', 'the', 'finished', 'cloth', 'to', 'the', 'cloth', 'in', 'the', 'loom', 'with', 'certainty', 'in', 'practically', 'all', 'cases', 'saving', 'that', 'of', 'heavily', 'milled', 'goods.', 'Tensions', 'or', 'threads', 'may', 'also', 'be', 'accurately', 'investigated.', 'In', 'Figs.', '96', 'and', '97', "Neate's", 'Extensometer', 'and', 'its', 'graphs', 'are', 'illustrated.', 'This', 'machine', 'gives', 'the', 'stress-', 'strain', 'diagram', 'for', 'yarns', 'tested', 'a', 'single', 'thread', 'at', 'a', 'time.', 'The', 'characteristic', 'curves', 'for', 'typical', 'yarns', 'as', 'revealed', 'by', 'this', 'machine', 'are', 'exceedingly', 'interesting', ';', 'several', 'examples', 'are', 'here', 'given.', 'This', 'equipment', 'should', 'be', 'satisfactorily', 'housed', 'and', 'supplemented', 'by', 'a', 'series', 'of', 'charts', 'of', 'the', 'nomogram', 'type', 'posted', 'up', 'for', 'convenient', 'use.', 'A', 'perfect', 'system', 'of', 'recording', 'should', 'be', 'adopted.', 'Systematic', 'work', 'in', 'the', 'testing', 'laboratory', 'will', 'develop', 'that', 'confidence', 'in', 'the', "firm's", 'productions', 'which,', 'in', 'the', 'long', 'run,', 'means', 'con-', 'tinued', 'and', 'increasing', 'success', 'in', 'the', 'factory', 'itself.', 'Suitable', 'plans', 'for', 'small', 'laboratories', 'are', 'given', 'in', 'Figs.', '98', 'and', '98a.', '320']

[[20, 22, 'Textile Machine'], [24, 26, 'Textile Machine'], [29, 30, 'Textile Machine'], [88, 91, 'Textile Machine'], [140, 141, 'Textile Machine'], [9, 9, 'Textile Machine'], [11, 12, 'Textile Machine'], [14, 17, 'Textile Machine']]

['321', '(#417)', '############################################', 'STED', 'SPIN', 'F', '-', '!', 'été', 'Aluca', 'Microscopy', 'Benches', '2-', '94', 'high,', 'fitted', 'with', 'drawers.', 'Barkers', 'Extension', 'Tester', 'Impact', 'Testing', 'Machine', 'Desk', 'Peess', 'Balance', 'Twist', 'Testar', 'O', 'STE', 'al', 'ras', 'threats', 'tipata', '.', '宮\u200b島', '\u200bWindow', 'w12d0w', 'Window', 'Vndow', 'Balance', 'Balance', 'Office', 'B26', 'Singe', 'read', 'Testep', 'Tester', 'xpanding', 'Wrap', 'Twist', 'Testing', 'Machine', 'Swift', 'Reel', 'Hank', 'an2', 'Card', 'Balance', 'Real', 'Fig', 'storests', 'Machine', 'Ivast', 'Testing', 'Mannine', 'Machine', 'for', 'Testing', 'the', 'Wearing', 'Qualities', 'O', "Cloch's", 'French', 'Choth', 'Testing', 'Machine', 'Fibre/Thread', 'Testing', 'Machine', 'GAD', 'Box', 'Table', 'for', 'Extra', 'Instruments', 'Small', 'Carding', 'Engine', 'for', 'Storage', 'Special', 'Pattern', 'Casss', "Goodbrand's", 'Cloth', 'Testing', 'Machine', 'Hank', 'Testar', 'Hans', 'Tester', 'Motor', 'Single', 'thread', 'Tester', 'Heads', 'Testing', 'Lachana', '66', 'Fig.', '98.—“Dry”', 'Testing', 'Laboratory', '<', '321']

[[18, 20, 'Textile Machine']]

['322', '(#418)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', 'The', 'advantages', 'of', 'such', 'laboratories', 'and', 'organi-', 'zation', 'actually', 'in', 'the', 'works—if', 'properly', 'conducted', '-can', 'hardly', 'be', 'over-stated.', 'With', 'a', 'well-trained,', '-', 'imaginative', 'recorder', 'or', 'staff,', 'problems', 'of', 'great', 'value', 'Window', '8.6', 'wice', '3.0', 'Window', 'Fume', 'Chamber', 'Table', 'with', 'ground', 'glass', 'panel', 'Per', 'ching', 'Roller', 'Glass', 'Panel', 'Sink', 'Tourimu', 'LO', 'Perching', 'Poler', 'Drsrca', 'Scouring', 'Table', 'Conditioning', 'Oven', 'Sinh', 'Felcing', 'Shelves', 'forces.', 'Bottles', 'etc.', 'Machine', 'Oven', 'Pan', 'OO', 'Sink', 'Shafting', 'Klectricity', 'Fig.', '98a.--"Wet”', 'Testing', 'Laboratory', 'will', 'be', 'found', 'and', 'solved', 'which', 'otherwise', 'would', 'be', 'passed', 'over', 'unnoticed.', 'Nothing', 'can', 'compensate', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'even', 'a', 'small', 'firm', 'for', 'the', 'lack', 'of', 'at', 'least', 'one', '"research', 'mind”', 'ransacking', 'among', 'the', 'several', 'processes', 'for', 'possible', 'gold', 'mines.', 'At', 'least', 'some', '322']

[]

['323', '(#419)', '############################################', 'TED', 'MY', 'TESTING', 'OF', 'WOOLS,', 'TOPS', 'AND', 'YARNS', 'copper', 'mine', 'may', 'be', 'found', 'and', 'the', 'gold', 'mine', 'is', 'more', 'than', 'likely', 'to', 'be', 'discovered', 'occasionally.', 'Perhaps', 'it', 'should', 'here', 'be', 'noted', 'that', 'the', 'introduc-', 'tion', 'of', 'the', 'laboratory', 'into', 'the', 'works', 'will', 'immediately', 'bring', 'up', 'the', 'system', 'of', 'weights', 'and', 'measures', 'to', 'be', 'employed.', 'If', 'the', 'laboratory', 'is', 'working', 'in', 'Centigrade', 'and', 'the', 'works', 'in', 'Fahrenheit,', 'for', 'example,', 'serious', 'mistakes', 'are', 'inevitable.', '**', '*', '*', '*', '*', 'Tags', 'The', 'laboratory', 'should', 'under', 'no', 'circumstances', 'be', 'limited', 'to', 'normal', 'chemical', 'and', 'physical', 'testing.', 'Im-', 'portant', 'as', 'this', 'testing', 'is,', 'it', 'is', 'not', 'nearly', 'so', 'important', 'as', 'much', 'of', 'the', 'testing', 'as', 'yet', 'only', 'at', 'its', 'birth', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'technologist', 'is', 'at', 'least', 'as', 'important', 'as', 'the', 'scientist.', 'The', 'Textile', 'Industries', 'have', 'much', 'more', 'need', 'of', 'the', 'adoption', 'of', 'scientific', 'methods', 'throughout', 'all', 'the', 'pro-', 'cesses', 'of', 'manufacture', 'than', 'of', 'particular', 'scientific', 'knowledge.', 'No', 'detailed', 'reference', 'can', 'be', 'made', 'here', 'to', 'the', 'equipment', 'of', 'a', 'mechanical', 'laboratory,', 'but', 'hardly', 'second', 'to', 'the', 'above', 'equipment', 'comes', 'that', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'laboratory.', 'A', 'worsted', 'drawer', 'should', 'investigate', 'his', 'tops', 'and', 'their', 'resultant', 'yarns', ';', 'a', 'spinner', 'should', 'consider', 'his', 'rovings;', 'and', 'a', 'manufacturer', 'should', 'require', 'specific', 'yarns,', 'and', 'his', 'spinner', 'deliver', 'these', 'to', 'him.', 'In', 'addition', 'it', 'should', 'be', 'possible', 'to', 'adjust', 'the', 'finer', 'parts', 'of', 'machines', 'and', 'to', 'carry', 'out', 'experimental', 'variations.', '»0»', '7', 'unkt', 'UUTA', '323']

[]

['324', '(#420)', '############################################', 'CHAPTER', 'XV', 'DEFECTS', 'IN', 'RAW', 'MATERIALS,', 'TOPS', 'AND', 'YARNS', 'DEFECTS', 'in', 'textile', 'materials', 'may', 'be', 'due', 'to', '(a)', 'The', 'materials', 'employed', ';', '(6)', 'The', 'machines', 'employed;', 'and', '(c)', 'The', 'workers.', 'In', 'the', 'following', 'treatment', 'the', 'commoner', 'defects', 'coming', 'under', 'each', 'of', 'the', 'above', 'headings', 'are', 'briefly', 'referred', 'to.', '(a)', 'The', 'Materials', 'Employed', ':-', 'I.', 'Lack', 'of', 'lustre', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'employment', 'of', 'a', 'demi-lustre', 'wool', 'in', 'place', 'of', 'a', 'lustre', 'wool;', 'or', 'of', 'a', 'lustre', 'wool', 'and', 'mohair', 'yarn', 'in', 'place', 'of', 'a', 'pure', 'mohair', 'yarn.', '2.', 'Lack', 'of', 'strength', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'employment', 'of', 'wool', 'with', 'a', 'weak', 'staple.', 'One', 'year', 'all', 'the', 'wool', 'in', 'Yorkshire', 'had', 'a', 'weak', 'place', 'about', 'half-way', 'down', 'the', 'staple.', '3.', 'Lack', 'of', 'felting', 'or', 'milling', 'property.', 'Certain', 'Cape', 'and', 'other', 'wools', 'markedly', 'lack', 'milling', 'property.', 'Fibres', 'such', 'as', 'the', 'Ovibos', 'fibre', 'lack', 'this', 'altogether.', '4.', 'Lack', 'of', 'fullness', 'or', '"lift.”', 'English', 'wools', '“', 'are', 'markedly', 'different', 'from', 'Colonial', 'cross-', 'breds', 'in', 'this', 'respect.', 'Peruvian', 'wools', 'grown', 'at', 'a', 'great', 'height', '(14,000', 'ft.)', 'tend', 'to', 'develop', 'the', 'English', 'Down', 'characteristic,', '--', '-', '324']

[]

['325', '(#421)', '############################################', 'DEFECTS', 'IN', 'RAW', 'MATERIALS', 'e', 'due', 'mm', '1', '5.', 'Lack', 'of', 'whiteness', 'and', 'brightness.', 'Certain', 'wools', 'are', 'very', 'liable', 'to', 'black', 'hair', 'and', 'coloured', 'fibre.', 'Snow-white', 'Cape', 'wools', 'cannot', 'be', 'matched', 'by', 'certain', 'other', 'wools', 'inferior', 'in', 'colour.', 'Among', 'English', 'wools', 'Lonks', 'are', 'noticeable', 'for', 'whiteness.', '(6)', 'The', 'Machines', 'Employed', ':-', 'I.', 'A', 'clear,', 'neat', '“flyer-spun', 'yarn', 'cannot', 'usually', 'be', 'matched', 'with', 'a', 'cap', 'or', 'ring-spun', 'yarn.', '2.', 'A', 'French-drawn', 'roving', 'cannot', 'be', 'satisfac-', 'torily', 'matched', 'by', 'an', 'English-drawn', 'roving.', '3.', 'Irregularly', 'driven', 'spinning', 'frames', 'will', 'yield', 'yarns', 'irregularly', 'drafted', 'and', 'twisted,', 'and', 'of', 'abnormally', 'irregular', 'strength.', '4.', 'Defective', 'rollers', 'will', 'produce', 'defective', 'yarns.', '5.', 'Unsatisfactory', 'drive', 'from', 'tin-drum', 'to', 'spindles,', 'or', 'in', 'the', 'mule', 'from', 'rim', 'shaft', 'to', 'tin-drum,', 'will', 'produce', 'irregular', 'twist.', '6.', 'Any', 'regularly', 'repeating', 'defect--whether', 'in', 'thickness', 'or', 'twist,', 'or', 'in', 'irregular', 'mixing', 'or', 'in', 'irregular', 'dye-taking—will', 'be', 'more', 'or', 'less', 'emphasized', 'in', 'the', 'fabric', 'according', 'to', 'the', 'relationship', 'between', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'the', 'defect', 'in', 'the', 'yarn', 'and', 'the', 'width', 'of', 'the', 'piece', 'into', 'which', 'the', 'yarn', 'is', 'woven.', '7.', 'Any', 'irregularly', 'repeating', 'defect', 'such', 'as', 'may', 'vary', 'in', 'repeat', 'according', 'to', 'the', 'emptying', 'or', 'filling', 'of', 'a', 'bobbin', 'or', 'cheese', 'should', 'be', 'avoided.', '(c)', 'The', 'Workers', ':-', '1.', 'Inefficient', 'mixing', 'of', 'colours', 'due', 'to', 'lack', 'of', 'forethought', 'on', 'the', 'part', 'of', 'either', 'the', 'manager', 'or', 'of', 'the', 'workers', 'is', 'fairly', 'frequently', 'mulje', 'a', 'lista', 'I', 'T2TE:', 'mphyrcze', '3.', '/2278', 'pard', 'س', ':', 'landet', 'TANIN', '站', '\u200b325']

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['326', '(#422)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', 'to', 'be', 'observed', 'in', 'the', 'spinning', 'of', 'coloured', 'yarns.', '2.', 'Inefficient', 'spinning', 'due', 'to', 'harsh', 'treatment', 'in', 'scouring', 'and', 'backwashing', 'is', 'very', 'often', 'in', 'evidence.', '3.', 'Hanks', '"ended,"', 'thus', 'producing', 'a', 'repeating', 'defect', 'in', 'the', 'woven', 'or', 'knitted', 'garment,', 'is', 'a', 'defect', 'by', 'no', 'means', 'uncommon.', '4.', 'Yarn', 'on', 'spools,', 'etc.,', 'left', 'carelessly', 'in', 'the', 'sunlight', 'is', 'acted', 'on,', 'a', 'repeating', 'defect', 'developing,', 'in', 'the', 'fabric', 'following', 'the', 're-', 'lationship', 'between', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'the', 'repeat', 'of', 'the', 'defect,', 'and', 'the', 'width', 'of', 'the', 'fabric', 'into', 'which', 'the', 'defective', 'yarn', 'is', 'woven.', '5.', 'Bad', 'piecenings', 'are', 'a', 'source', 'of', 'constant', 'annoyance,', 'leading', 'to', 'the', 'stoppage', 'of', 'the', 'machine', 'and', 'breakage', 'of', 'needles', 'in', 'knitting', 'and', 'to', 'defective', 'fabrics', 'requiring', '"mending', 'in', 'woven', 'styles.', '6.', 'Badly', 'started', 'and', 'wound', 'spools', '(spinning', 'or', 'twisting)', 'frequently', 'lead', 'to', 'tight', 'picks', 'and', 'shady', 'pieces.', '7.', 'Mixing', 'of', 'different', 'runs', '”', 'leads', 'to', 'abso-', 'lutely', 'unsaleable', 'pieces', 'owing', 'to', 'marked', '(usually', 'weft)', 'bars', 'which', 'cannot', 'be', 'got', 'rid', 'of.', '8.', 'Warp', 'stripes', 'repeating', 'on', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'bobbins', 'or', 'cheeses', 'warped', 'with', 'due', 'to', 're-', 'versing', 'on', 'the', 'mill.', '9.', 'Defective', 'conditioning,', 'leading', 'to', 'the', 'mark-', 'ing', 'of', 'every', 'weft', 'spool', 'in', 'the', 'finished', 'fabric', 'and', 'to', 'varied', 'tensionings', 'in', 'the', 'piece.', '10.', 'The', 'careless', 'running', 'of', 'threefold', 'yarn', 'on', 'to', 'the', 'spool', 'or', 'bobbin', 'in', 'place', 'of', 'the', 'normal', 'twofold.', '60', '326']

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['327', '(#423)', '############################################', 'SPATU', 'DEFECTS', 'IN', 'RAW', 'MATERIALS', 'ब', 'cing', 'af', 'Telesku', 'rathy', 'te', 'is', 'mora', 'of', 'CEE', 'In', '11.', 'Defects', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'careless', 'handling', 'of', 'the', 'yarn.', 'Defects', 'such', 'as', 'these', 'have', 'been', 'coming', 'up', 'every', 'day', 'in', 'the', 'works', 'for', 'the', 'last', 'fifty', 'years,', 'and,', 'curiously', 'enough,', 'new', 'types', 'of', 'defects', 'are', 'still', 'appearing.', 'Of', 'all', 'the', 'foregoing', 'b', '(6)', 'and', 'c', '(4)', 'are', 'perhaps', 'the', 'most', 'interesting', 'and', 'may', 'here', 'be', 'further', 'considered', 'with', 'profit.', 'Repeating', 'defects', 'such', 'as', 'these', 'may', 'come', 'into', 'yarns', 'in', 'the', 'following', 'ways', ':-', '1.', 'By', '"ending"', 'in', 'hank-dyeing.', 'Here', 'the', 'defect', 'will', 'usually', 'repeat', 'on', '36', 'in.', 'or', '54', 'in.', 'according', 'to', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'hank', 'employed.', '2.', 'By', '“ending”', 'in', 'the', 'warp-dyeing', 'of', 'weft', 'yarns,', 'in', 'this', 'case', 'the', 'length', 'being', 'so', 'great', 'that', 'the', 'defect', 'appears', 'as', 'a', 'weft', 'bar', 'or', 'bobbin-width', 'defect.', '3.', 'A', 'repeating', 'defect', 'in', 'the', 'actual', 'twisting.', 'Thus', 'in', 'mule', 'spinning', 'there', 'may', 'often', 'be', 'traces', 'of', 'the', 'approx-', 'imately', 'two-yard', 'draw.', 'Such', 'defects', 'as', 'this,', 'however,', 'will', 'be', 'distributed', 'by', '“running"', 'over', 'more', 'than', 'once', 'during', 'dressing', 'while', 'the', 'yarn', 'is', 'alive.', 'Thus', 'in', 'dressing', 'a', 'cotton', 'warp', 'for', 'lustre', 'goods', 'the', 'warp', 'is', 'first', 'got', 'on', 'to', 'a', "warper's", 'beam,', 'then', 'run', 'over', 'on', 'to', 'another', "warper's", 'beam', 'to', 'the', 'loom', 'beam;', 'by', 'this', 'means', 'irregular', 'tensions', 'and', 'twists', 'being', 'distributed.', 'Much', 'tension', 'seems', 'to', 'eliminate', 'twist', 'irregularities.*', '4.', 'An', 'indirect', 'dyeing', 'defect', 'is', 'illustrated', 'by', 'c', '(4).', 'A', 'further', 'illustration', 'of', 'this', 'occurs', 'in', 'the', 'mercerizing', 'of', 'yarns,', 'in', 'which', 'irregularities', 'may', 'not', 'show', 'until', 'the', 'piece', 'into', 'which', 'these', 'yarns', 'are', 'woven', 'is', 'dyed.', 'MIHA', '1', '5.', 'An', 'indirect', 'twisting', 'defect', 'due,', 'for', 'example,', 'to', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'the', '“throw"', 'in', 'the', 'split-drum', 'winder', '-', '*', 'If', 'an', 'irregularly', 'twisted', 'yarn', 'is', 'pulled', 'tight', 'the', 'twists', 'will', 'be', 'seen', 'to', 'distribute', 'themselves', 'along', 'its', 'length', 'much', 'more', 'regularly', 'than', 'when', 'it', 'is', 'allowed', 'to', 'rest', 'slack.', 'mleri', '08', '327']

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['328', '(#424)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', 'and', 'of', 'subsequent', 'setting', 'of', 'the', 'irregularity', 'rather', 'than', 'its', 'redistribution.', '6.', 'A', 'periodic', 'roughening', 'of', 'the', 'yarn,', 'or', 'even', 'a', 'periodic', 'tightening', 'of', 'the', 'yarn', 'due', 'to', 'an', 'irregular', '"run-off”', 'during', 'weaving,', 'will', 'also', 'tend', 'to', 'produce', 'a', 'marked', 'defect.', 'The', 'careful', 'consideration', 'of', 'the', 'pick"', 'on', 'the', 'spool', 'for', 'weft', 'yarns', 'for', 'Italians,', 'cash-', 'meres,', 'etc.,', 'cannot', 'be', 'over-estimated.', 'The', 'actual', 'appearance', 'of', 'these', 'repeating', 'defects', 'in', 'the', 'loom', 'may', 'now', 'be', 'briefly', 'considered.', 'Three', 'main', 'conditions', 'are', 'in', 'evidence', ':', '1.', 'In', 'which', 'the', 'repeat', 'of', 'the', 'defect', 'on', 'the', 'yarn', 'is', 'less', 'than', 'the', 'width', 'of', 'the', 'cloth', 'into', 'which', 'it', 'is', 'woven', ';', 'and', 'is', 'a', 'measure', 'of,', 'or', 'has', 'a', 'measure', 'in', 'common', 'with;', 'or', 'is', 'not', 'a', 'measure', 'of,', 'or', 'has', 'not', 'a', 'measure', 'in', 'common', 'with,', 'the', 'width', 'of', 'the', 'cloth', 'into', 'which', 'it', 'is', 'woven;', '2.', 'In', 'which', 'the', 'repeat', 'of', 'the', 'defect', 'is', 'the', 'same', 'as,', 'or', 'is', 'a', 'multiple', 'of', 'the', 'width', 'of', 'the', 'cloth', 'into', 'which', 'it', 'is', 'woven;', 'and', '3.', 'In', 'which', 'the', 'repeat', 'of', 'the', 'defect', 'is', 'greater', 'than,', 'and', 'has', 'or', 'has', 'not', 'a', 'measure', 'in', 'common', 'with', 'the', 'width', 'of', 'the', 'cloth', 'into', 'which', 'it', 'is', 'woven.', 'In', 'Fig.', '99', 'these', 'conditions', 'are', 'illustrated.', 'The', 'effects', 'produced', 'under', '(c)', '4', 'are', 'often', 'clearly', 'recorded', 'by', "Neate's", 'extensometer', 'tests', 'as', 'shown', 'in', 'Fig.', '97.', 'But', 'a', 'volume', 'of', 'this', 'size', 'might', 'well', 'be', 'filled', 'with', 'records', 'of', 'defects', 'of', 'this', 'type.', 'This', 'section', 'may', 'well', 'be', 'concluded', 'by', 'reference', 'to', 'the', 'useful', 'method', 'recently', 'introduced', 'into', 'the', 'University', 'of', 'Leeds', 'of', 'testing', 'yarns', 'for', 'spinning', 'efficiency', 'or', 'thread/', 'fibre', 'strength', 'by', 'first', 'testing', 'the', 'fibre', 'strength', 'by', 'bring-', 'ing', 'the', 'jaws', 'of', 'the', 'testing', 'machine', 'close', 'together', 'and', 'carrying', 'out', 'a', 'series', 'of', 'tests,', 'and', 'secondly', 'testing', 'the', 'same', 'yarn', 'well', 'over', 'the', 'fibre', 'length-say', '18', 'in.', 'If,', 'then,', 'the', '18', 'in.', 'tests', 'be', 'put', 'into', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'jaw', 'tests', 'we', 'have', '328']

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['330', '(#426)', '############################################', '1', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', 'LIST', 'XVI.', 'ILLUSTRATING', 'THE', 'EFFECTS', 'OF', 'SPINDLE', 'SPEED', 'ON', 'THE', 'STRENGTH', 'OF', 'A', 'YARN', 'SLOW', 'SPEED.', '(1833', 'r.p.m.)', 'TESTS.', 'FAST', 'SPEED.', '(2800', 'r.p.m.)', 'A', 'Jaws', 'B', 'Jaws', 'Close', '18', 'in.', 'apart', 'A', 'Jaws', 'Close', 'B', 'Jaws', '18', 'in.', 'apart', 'C.C.', '1', '2', 'C.C.', '105', '5:5', '12-5', '145', 'II', '75', '4', '7:5', '”', 'c.c.', '20', '20:5', '20', '18', '19', '20.5', '22', '22:5', '25', '26.5', '19.5', '18', '18', '175', '20', '20:5', '20', '20', '19:5', '2005', 'boob', 'mo', 'ang', 'C.C.', '22:5', '155', '28', '26.5', '27', '26', '20:5', '17.5', '16.5', '17', '19.5', '23', '205', '24', '22:5', '21', '21.5', '21', '175', '16', '7.5', 'II', '705', '9', '9', 'Іо', 'II', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', '17', '18', '19', '20', '2', '11:5', 'II.5', 'II.5', '8.5', '995', '12.5', '10', 'IO', '5', 'IO', '10', '10-5', '7.0', '7:5', '8.5', '407.3', '161.0', '423:5', '184.0', 'Average', '20.3', '8', '21:1', '97', '.', '•3119', 'thread', 'fibre', 'strength', '(spinning', 'efficiency).', '8', 'Fast', 'speed', '.', '20:3', '907', 'Slow', 'speed.', '21.1', '-46', 'thread', 'fibre', 'strength', '(spinning', 'efficiency).', 'a', 'measuremmore', 'or', 'less', 'exact-of', 'the', 'relative', 'spinning', 'efficiencies', 'of', 'the', 'fibres', 'in', 'yarns', 'so', 'compared.', 'The', 'following', 'list', 'is', 'taken', 'as', 'a', 'basis', 'for', 'the', 'various', 'graphs', 'illustrated', 'in', 'Fig.', '100.', 'The', 'following', 'brief', 'description', 'of', 'these', 'graphs', 'will', 'prove', 'ample.', 'GRAPH', 'I.-This', 'illustrates', 'the', 'usual', 'method', 'of', '330']

[[14, 14, 'Textile Machine Part']]

['334', '(#430)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', 'made', 'between', 'the', '"mean”', 'and', 'the', '"mode"', 'of', 'such', 'curves', 'and', 'of', 'the', 'comparative', '"contours.', 'contours."', 'It', 'is', 'already', 'obvious', 'that', 'some', 'such', 'mathematical', 'treatment', 'of', 'results', 'of', 'this', 'type', 'may', 'be', 'employed', 'with', 'advantage,', 'but', 'as', 'this', 'type', 'of', 'work', 'still', 'appears', 'to', 'be', 'in', 'its', 'infancy', 'so', 'far', 'as', 'it', 'applies', 'to', 'normal', 'textile', 'examples,', 'refer-', 'ences', 'only', 'to', 'such', 'work', 'are', 'here', 'given.', 'In', 'List', 'XVII', 'on', 'page', '336', 'an', 'interesting', 'series', 'of', 'Flyer,', 'Cap,', 'Ring', 'and', 'Mule', 'Spun', 'Yarns', 'are', 'dealt', 'with', 'under', 'the', 'two', 'types', 'of', 'break,', 'viz.', '"Fibre-break”', 'and', '“18', 'in.-break."', 'B', 'B', 'A', 'A', 'Fig.', '100', '(IV)', 'Fig.', '100', '(VI)', 'In', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'foregoing', 'defects', 'there', 'are', 'many', 'others', 'which', 'arise', 'from', 'time', 'to', 'time—so', 'many,', 'in', 'fact,', 'that', 'one', 'realizes', 'fully', 'why', 'perfect', 'yarns', 'are', 'not', 'spun', 'and', 'perfect', 'pieces', 'woven.', 'This', 'all', 'emphasizes', 'the', 'necessity', 'of', 'bringing', 'into', 'the', 'works', 'the', 'researcher', 'ready', 'to', 'attempt', 'the', 'discovery', 'of', 'any', 'and', 'every', 'defect', 'which', 'arises.', 'With', 'a', 'well-trained', 'researcher,', 'not', 'only', 'may', 'there', 'be', 'a', 'direct', 'value', 'in', 'the', 'results', 'obtained,', 'but', 'a', 'much', 'more', 'valuable', 'indirect', 'result-practice', 'in', 'every', 'section', 'of', 'the', 'works', 'will', 'steadily', 'improve', 'and', 'all', 'the', 'workers', 'will', 'realize,', 'more', 'and', 'more,', 'the', 'interesting', 'problems', 'which', 'are', 'coming', 'up', 'under', 'their', 'very', 'eyes,', 'and', 'consequently', 'may', 'be', 'expected', 'to', 'find', 'in', 'their', '334']

[]

['336', '(#432)', '############################################', 'LIST', 'XVII.-SINGLE', 'THREAD', 'TESTS', 'OF', "1/24's", 'FLYER,', 'CAP,', 'RING', 'AND', 'MULE', 'Spun.', 'FLYER', 'SPUN.', 'CAP', 'SPUN.', 'RING', 'SPUN.', 'MULE', 'SPUN.', '1,850', 'revs.', 'per', 'min.', '6,020', 'revs.', 'per', 'min.', '5,320', 'revs.', 'per', 'min.', '5,084', 'revs.', 'per', 'min.', '(8.5', 'per', '1").', '(8.5', 'per', '1").', '(8.5', 'per', "i').", '(8.5', 'per', "1').", 'Fibre-break', '18"-break,', "Fibre-break.'", '18"-break.', 'Fibre-break.', "18'-break.", 'Fibre-break.', '18"-break.', 'Str.', '|', 'Elon.', 'Str.', '|', 'Elon.', 'Str.', '|', 'Elon.', 'Str.', 'Elon.', 'Str.', '(Elon.', 'Str.', 'Elon,', 'Str.', 'Elon.', 'Str.', '(Elon.', 'ins.', 'C.C.', 'ins.', 'c.c.', 'ins.', '2.362', '28.67', '0.136', '20.45', '2.693', '35', '0.21', '23.5', '3,64', '0.04', '14', '1.23', '20.5', '0.03', '13.5', '15.2', '19.5', '0.04', '13.5', '1.31', '25', 'O.II', '12.5', 'I.I2', 'Spinning', 'Efficiency', '(578)', '(•67)', '(617)', '(•712)', 'RING', 'TWISTED.', 'RING', 'TWISTED.', 'RING', 'TWISTED.', 'RING', 'TWISTED.', '(6', 'per', '1").', '(6', 'per', '1").', '(6', 'per', '1").', '(6', 'per', '1").', 'Fibre-break./', '18"-break.', 'Fibre-break.', '18"-break.', 'Fibre-break.', '18"-break.', 'Fibre-break./', '18"', 'break', 'Str.', '(Elon.', 'Str.', 'Elon.', 'Str.', '(Elon.', 'Str.', '|', 'Elon.', 'Str.', '(Elon.', 'Str.', '|', 'Elon.', 'Str.', 'Elon.', 'Str.', '(Elon.', 'ins.', 'ins.', 'ins.', 'ins.', 'ins,', 'ins.', 'ins.', 'IOI', '0.21', '57.5', '3.13', '|', '81.5', '0.14', '54.5', '3.34', '75', '0.20', '49.5', '2.52', '85.5', '0.14', '52.5', '3.21', '65.5', '0.10', '43.5', '1.42', 'бо', 'O.II', '34.5', '2.01', '50', '0.10', '36.5', '1.62', '60.5', '0.10', '42.5', '1.72', 'Single', 'Yarn', 'Average', 'C.C.', 'ins.', '27.65', '0.02', 'C.C.', '21.8', 'ins.', 'C.C.', 'ins.', 'C.C.', 'ins,', 'c.c.', 'ins.', 'C.C.', '2.47', '|', '26.67', '0.09', '|', '18.4', '2.306', '26.15', '0.09', '17.7', 'Maximum', '33.5', '0.14', '26.5', '3.5', '32.5', '0.14', '25.5', '3.21', '33', '0.12', '22.5', '1', '3.1', 'Minimum', '22.5', 'C.C.', '2-fold', 'Yarn.', 'Average', 'C.C.', 'C.C.', 'C.C.', 'C.C.', 'C.C.', 'ins.', '77.35', '0.1271', '48,87', '2.37', '|', '66.42', '0.126', '44.52', '2.7', '59.7', '0.120', '43.22', '2.06', '71.77', "0'120", '46.9', '2.44', 'C.C.', 'C.C.', 'Maximum', 'Minimum', 'Twisting', 'Efficiency', '(63)', '(.67', '(-72)', '(65)', 'o']

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['341', '(#437)', '############################################', 'INDEX', 'Acid,', 'action', 'of,', '66,', '234', 'African', 'cottons,', '8', 'American', 'cottons', 'and', 'cotton', 'wastes,', '8,', '10', 'Angle', 'of', 'twist,', '238,', '289-306', 'Animal', 'oil,', '340', 'Areas', 'of', 'card', 'clothing', 'wire', 'teeth,', '80', 'Automatic', 'doffers,', '59-63', 'feeds,', '42-48', 'Auty,', 'Mr.,', 'comments', 'on', 'carding', 'and', 'card-setting,', '101-103', 'BACKING-OFF,', '123,', '128,', '129', 'Balanced', 'twist,', '292', 'Ball', 'and', 'creel', 'feed,', '44,', '47,', '86', 'Belgian', 'or', 'tape', 'condenser,', '61,', '62,', '88-93', 'Bend', 'of', 'card', 'wires,', '73–75', "Blamire's", 'feed,', '44-47,', '86', 'Blend,', 'factors', 'affecting,', '13,', '33', 'laying', 'out,', '32', 'Blender,', 'requirements', 'of,', '12', 'Blending,', 'calculations,', '14-25', 'colour,', '22,', '263,', '265', 'method', 'of,', '26,', '27,', '263', 'object', 'of,', '13', 'operations,', '26,', '27', 'Blends,', 'principles', 'of', 'costing,', '17', 'typical,', '24', 'Bobbin', 'leading', 'flyer,', '224', 'Botany', 'noils,', '3,', '4', 'Box', 'bends,', '96', 'British', 'card', 'clothing,', '50,', '82', "Brodetsky's", 'nomograms,', '18,', '295', 'Calculations,', 'gill', 'boxes,', '193–202', 'knocker-off', 'motions,', '203,', '204', 'lifter', 'motion,', '247–251', 'proportionate', 'twist,', '118,', '299', 'spindle', 'gill', 'box,', '200', 'turn-off', 'from', 'machines,', '149–156,', '212,', '260,', '283', 'twist,', '113-122,', '280', 'Cap', 'frame,', 'caps,', '243,', '244', 'doffing', 'motions,', '256-258', 'spindles,', '242,', '243', 'Card', 'clothing,', '63-85', 'angle', 'of', 'setting', 'wire,', '74', 'British', 'and', 'Continental,', '50,', '82', 'counts', 'of', 'wire,', '68–72,', '80–82', 'fancy,', '50,', '54,', '73,', '77,', '82,', '84,', '91,', '96,', '102-104', 'foundations,', '65–73,', '76–78', 'Garnett,', '63,', '64', 'insertion', 'of', 'teeth,', '63,', '64,', '67', 'nailing,', '64,', '65', 'table,', '72,', '82', 'wire', 'for', 'fancy,', '77', 'Card', 'grinding,', '100', 'operation', 'of,', '101', 'Card', 'wires,', '63–78', 'micrographs', 'of,', '101', 'Carding,', 'contacts,', '41,', '57,', '95', 'objects', 'of,', '34', 'passage', 'of', 'material', 'through', 'machine,', '35-38', 'roller', 'setting,', '49,', '50,', '51,', '101', 'roller', 'speeds,', '39,', '40,', '49,', '50', 'rollers,', 'size', 'of,', '50,', '96', 'Carding', 'machines,', 'calculations', 'on', 'production,', '39,', '99', 'construction', 'of,', '93-97', 'driving', 'of,', '97,', '98', 'factors', 'effecting', 'production,', '39–', '41', 'points', 'in', 'working,', '35-42,', '52,', 'IOI-103', 'Carriage', '(mule),', 'drive', 'of,', '123', '72,', '82', 'CALCULATIONS,', 'card', 'clothing,', '68–', 'carding,', '50,', '52,', '68–72,', '75,', '80-82,', '97-99', 'drafts,', '52,', '175', 'equal', 'drafts,', '176', 'gauge', 'points,', '193-195,', '197–202', '341']

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['342', '(#438)', '############################################', 'INDEX', '125,', '126', 'Célestin', "Martin's", 'woollen', 'frame,', 'Drafts,', 'carding,', '39-41,', '52', '142,', '143', 'cone', 'drawing,', '208', 'Chain-driving', 'of', 'card,', '99', 'doublings', 'and,', '175-177', 'of', 'spring', 'frames,', '131', 'drawing', 'box,', '209–211', 'Cheese', 'winding,', '307,', '311-313', 'equal,', '176', 'Cheviot', 'cards,', '50', 'spinning,', '110,', 'III,', '236,', '237', 'Clearing', 'arrangements', 'on', 'the', 'card,', 'Drag,', '203,', '225', '35-37', 'Drawing', 'boxes,', '202-212', 'Colour', 'blending,', '22-25,', '261-270', 'calculations,', '208–212', 'Condensers,', '37,', '59-63', 'cone,', '204', 'double', 'dofter,', '60-62', 'French,', '183,', '184,', '208–212', 'double', 'rubber,', '89', 'machinery', 'sets,', '276,', '277,', '281', 'endless', 'tape,', '61,', '62', 'open,', '192,', '202-204', 'rubbing', 'motion', 'of,', '89', 'twist,', '186–191', 'series', 'tape,', '61,', '62', 'Drive', 'of', 'mule', 'carriage,', '123,', '124,', 'single', 'doffer,', '59', 'Condensing,', 'objects', 'of,', '59,', '87-90', 'spindle,', '127,', '129', 'Cone', 'drawing,', '191,', '192,', '204-208,', 'Dry', 'spun', 'yarn,', '182,', '211,', '212,', '228-', '214,', '232,', '271', '232,', '259,', '260,', '288', 'disadvantages', 'of,', '204,', '225–227', 'Dusting', 'willey,', '29', 'Construction', 'of', 'cops,', '131,', 'Continental', 'system', 'of', 'carding,', '50,82', 'EGYPTIAN', 'cotton,', '8,', '10', 'Continuous', 'woollen', 'spinning', 'Electricity', 'in', 'card', 'clothing,', '66', 'frames,', '141-158', 'in', 'wool,', '66', 'Conveyer', 'tubes,', '30,', '32,', '33', 'English', 'or', 'open', 'drawing', 'system,', 'Copping', 'rail,', '131', '192,', '202-204', 'Counter', 'fallers,', '131', 'Equal', 'drafts,', '176', 'Counting', 'machine,', 'spool,', '310', 'Export,', 'yarns', 'for,', '307,', '310', 'Counts', 'and', 'crown', 'of', 'card', 'clothing,', 'Extension', 'testing', 'machine,', '320', '67,', '68,', '72,', '82', 'Extensometer', "(Neate's),", '320', 'Creels,', '213', 'Ewart,', 'Prof.', 'J.', 'Cossar,', '3', 'Defects', 'in', 'raw', 'materials,', 'tops', 'FACTORIES,', 'design', 'of,', '167,', '288', 'and', 'yarns,', '324-337', 'Faller', 'actions,', '123-136', 'Delivery', 'from', 'carding', 'engines,', 'wire,', '123-136', '58-63', 'Fancy,', 'clothing', 'of,', '50,', '54,', '73,', '77,', 'Design', 'of', 'woollen', 'and', 'worsted', '82,', '84,', '91,', '96,', '102–104', 'factories,', '167,', '288', 'setting', 'of,', '84,', '102-104', 'Details', 'of', 'card', 'clothing,', '72,', '82', 'Fearnought', 'or', 'Cockspur', 'teaser,', 'Devil', 'or', 'Fearnought,', '28,', '30-32', '28,', '30-32', 'Diameters', 'of', 'yarns,', '114,', '189,', '298', 'Feed', 'roller', 'clothing,', '63', 'Doffers,', 'automatic,', '58-63', 'Feeding', 'and', 'delivery', 'carding,', '42–', 'double', 'ring,', '60-62', '44,.', '58-63', 'single', 'ring,', '59,', '62', 'machines,', 'intermediate,', '45~48,', 'Doffing', 'comb,', '89', '85-87', 'stripper,', '89', 'Feeds', 'of', 'carder,', '42-44', 'Double', 'film', 'cards,', '90', 'Felting', 'card,', '58', 'Doubling', 'or', 'twisting', 'frames,', '158–', 'Fettling,', '35,', '36', '163', 'Fibre', 'movement,', '108–113,', '177--182', 'Drafting,', '107-113', 'Fibres,', 'tests', 'for,', '328', 'and', 'ratching,', '182–186', 'vegetable,', '5,', '9,', 'II', 'calculations,', '175–177,', '193–202,', 'Fillet', 'clothing,', '66', 'Fineness', 'of', 'card', 'wire,', '70,', '71,', '72', 'theories', 'of,', '107', 'Finisher', 'boxes,', '276,', '277,', '281', 'twist,', '113', 'Fish', 'oils,', '340', '210', '342', 'H']

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['343', '(#439)', '############################################', 'INDEX', '01,', '2013', '.', '19', 'u', 'Flat', 'bands,', '96', 'Micrographs,', '9,', '101', 'Flocks,', '7', 'Mixtures', 'of', 'wool,', '261,', '263–266', 'Fluted', 'rollers,', '217-220', 'Mule', 'carriage,', 'drive', 'of,', '123,', '124,', 'Flyer', 'leading', 'bobbin,', '222-225', '125,', '126', 'Folding', 'yarns,', '158-160,', '289-306', 'Mule,', 'spindles,', '134,', '135', 'Foundation', 'of', 'card', 'clothing,', '65–73,', 'woollen,', '105–140', '76–78', 'worsted,', '259', 'French', 'comb,', '260', 'Mungo,', 'shoddy', 'and', 'extract,', '5', 'drawing', 'machinery,', '183,', '184,', 'Musk', 'ox', '(Ovibos),', '187', '208–212,', '287', 'Front', 'drafts', 'and', 'roller', 'drives', 'and', 'NAILING', 'card', 'clothing,', '64,', '65', 'speeds,', '193,', '195,', '197,', '209,', '210,', 'Noils,', '2-5', '245', 'Nomograms,', '18,', '295', 'Non-drying', 'oil,', '339', 'GARNETT', 'clothing,', '63,', '64', 'Number', 'of', 'operations', 'in', 'drawing,', 'opener,', '63,', '64', '276,', '277,', '281,', '287', 'Gauge', 'of', 'wire,', '72', 'Gauge', 'points,', '193–201', 'Oil,', 'application', 'of,', '28', 'Gauges,', "carder's,", '50,', '51', 'emulsions,', '338', 'Gill', 'boxes,', '193–202', 'in', 'card', 'clothing,', '66', 'four', 'head,', '193', 'objects', 'of,', '27', 'intersecting,', '202', 'properties', 'of,', '338', 'O.P.S.,', '196-198', 'vegetable,', '340', '2-spindle,', '200', 'Oiling', 'blends,', '26', 'Gilling', 'for', 'short', 'wools,', '202', 'Open', 'drawing,', '192,', '202–204', 'Glycerine,', 'electric', 'action,', '219', 'O.P.S.', 'gill', 'box,', '196–198', 'Graphs,', '18,', '147,', '148,', '231,', '304,', '330-335', 'PERUVIAN', 'cotton,', '58', 'Grinding', 'various', 'card', 'rollers,', '100', 'Pick', 'on', 'spool', 'or', 'tube,', 'effects', 'of,', '329', 'Hand', 'spinning,', '106', 'Piecening', 'on', 'mule,', '107,', '108', 'Hard', 'twist,', '292', 'Pirn', 'winder,', '313', 'Hopper', 'feeds,', '42,', '43', "Platt's", 'woollen', 'spinning', 'frame,', 'Hosiery', 'twist,', '239,', '309', '143', 'yarns,', '309', 'Pointed', 'spindle,', '134,', '135', 'Porcupine', 'or', 'French', 'system', 'of', 'INDIAN', 'cotton,', '8', 'drawing,', '183,', '184,', '208–212', 'Intermediate', 'feeding', 'machines,', '45-', 'Porcupines,', 'particulars', 'of,', '211', '48,', '85-87', 'Processes,', 'woollen', 'yarn', 'production,', 'Intersecting', 'gill', 'boxes,', '202', '105-171', 'Iron', 'twist,', '294', 'worsted', 'yarn', 'production,', '172–', '288', 'JACKING', 'motion,', '129', 'Production,', 'calculations', 'on,', '139,', '147-156,', '212,', '260,', '283', 'KNOCKING-OFF', 'motions,', '203', 'graphs', 'on,', '147,', '148', '“LIE"', 'of', 'slivers', 'in', 'carding,', '46–48', 'QUADRANT', 'action,', '124-136', 'Lifter', 'motion', "(Scaife's),", '249', 'Quality', 'terms,', '110,', '236', 'motions,', '247-251', 'Lubricating', 'wool,', '26–28', 'RATCH,', '182–186', 'Reciprocal', 'diameters', 'of', 'yarn,', '294', 'MARL', 'yarns,', '269,', '270', 'Re-manufactured', 'materials,', '5,', '7', 'Mechanical', 'control', 'in', 'mule', 'spinning,', 'Ring', 'doffers,', '59,', '60', '123-139', 'spinning,', '142,', '242', 'Melange', 'yarns,', '261,', '266-269', 'twisting', 'frame,', '163,', '188', '2', 'macie,', '-10/', 'EL', '343']

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['(#440)', '################################################', 'INDEX', 'Rollers,', 'press,', 'hard', 'and', 'soft,', '217', 'Take', 'up', 'in', 'twist', 'yarns,', '296-306', 'Roving', 'calculations,', '174-184,', '276,', 'Tape', 'or', 'Belgian', 'condenser,', '61,', '62', '277', 'Teaser', 'or', 'self-acting', 'willey,', '28-30', 'weights', 'for', 'worsted', 'yarns,', '248,', 'Tenterhook', 'teaser,', '31', '279', 'Testing', 'laboratories,', '318-323', 'Rubbers', '(condenser),', '58-65', 'oil,', '340', 'Tummers,', '103', 'Turn-off', 'from', 'machines,', '139,', '147-', 'SAXONY', 'cards,', '12', '156,', '212,', '260,', '283', 'Scaife', 'lifter', 'motion,', '249', 'Turns', 'per', 'inch', 'for', 'twist', 'angles,', '289–', 'Scotch', 'feed,', '45,', '46,', '85', '296', 'Scrolls,', '125,', '127,', '130,', '138', 'Twist-angles,', '238,', '289-291', 'Self-acting', 'teaser,', '28', 'Twist', 'theories,', '106,', '113-122,', '289–', 'Setting', 'of', 'card', 'clothing,', '63,', '64', '306', 'of', 'fancies,', '84,', '102-104', 'Twisting', 'yarns,', '158–163,', '269,', '289-', 'of', 'strippers', 'and', 'workers,', '49-51,', '296', '101-103', 'Twisting', 'yarns', 'or', 'doubling', 'frames,', 'Sheet', 'card', 'clothing,', '66', '163', 'Shoddy,', 'mungo,', 'and', 'extract,', '5', 'Silk,', '11', 'Use', 'of', 'carding,', '34-38', 'Singeing', 'yarn,', '317', 'of', 'cone', 'drawing,', '192,', '204-208', 'Single', 'doffer', 'condenser,', '59', 'of', 'lifter', 'motion,', '247–251', 'ring', 'doffer,', '59,', '60', 'Sliver', 'feeding', 'appliances,', '210', 'VEGETABLE', 'fibres,', '5,', '9,', 'II', 'Slubbing', 'billey,', '38', 'dyeing,', '261,', '262', 'Soft', 'twist,', '238,', '293', 'Special', 'materials', 'employed', 'in', 'WASTES,', 'cotton,', '5,', '9,', '10', 'woollen', 'manufacture,', '9,', 'II', 'soft', 'and', 'hard,', '5', 'Speed', 'of', 'cards,', 'etc.,', '97-99', 'Weigh', 'box,', '281', 'Spindle', 'draft,', '106-107,', '112,', '130', 'Weights', 'of', 'roving,', '279', 'drive,', '126,', '127', 'Willey,', 'double', 'swift,', '28,', '29', 'gill', 'box,', '201', 'Willeying,', '28-33', 'Spindles,', 'flyer,', 'cap,', 'and', 'ring,', '241-', 'Willow', 'or', 'willey,', 'the,', '28-30', 'Winding,', 'and', 'against,"', '244', '160', 'Spinning', 'calculations,', '110-122,', '138-140,', '149-157', 'Winding', 'on,', '224,', '249,', '329', 'Spinning', 'drafts,', '279,', '280', 'Wires', 'for', 'card', 'clothing,', '63-85', 'Spinning', 'frames', '(continuous', 'or', 'Woollen', 'and', 'worsted', 'mules,', '105-', 'ring),', '284,', '286', '140,', '259', 'mule,', 'woollen,', '105-140', 'spinning', 'of,', '105-140,', '259-260', 'mule,', 'worsted,', '259–260', 'structure', 'of,', '123-138', 'twist,', '113-116,', '238,', '239', 'Woollen', 'carding,', '34-104', 'Spool', 'counting', 'machine,', '310', 'Spools,', 'formation', 'of,', '247-251', 'Yarn,', 'costing', 'of,', '168–171', 'Square', 'topped', 'spindles,', '134-135', 'diameters', 'of,', '296', 'twist,', '293', 'dry', 'spun,', '182,', '211,', '212,', '228,', '232,', 'Squaring', 'bands,', '138', 'Stockings,', 'samples,', '7', 'fancy,', '161-163', 'Straight', 'fibre', 'twist,', '292,', '293', 'folding', 'of,', '158-160,', '289-306', 'Strains', 'in', 'wool', 'fibres,', '314-316', 'scouring', 'and', 'setting,', '313-316', 'singeing,', '317', 'TACHOGRAPH', 'records,', '231', 'strengths', 'of,', '330-337', '*', 'for', '259,', '260,', '288', 'PRINTED', 'BY', 'Cassell', '&', 'COMPANY,', 'LIMITED,', 'LA', 'BELLE', 'SAUVAGE,', 'LONDON,', 'E.C.4.', 'F.30.', '1022']

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