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The CO2 that nature emits ( from the ocean and vegetation ) is balanced by natural absorptions ( again by the ocean and vegetation ). | Currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere and is not absorbed by vegetation and the oceans. | 1 | [
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The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report, 2007, carries in three places a graph in which the Hadley Center’s global mean surface temperature anomaly dataset from 1850-2005 is displayed with four arbitrarily-chosen trend-lines overlaid upon it. | This section of the report, Climate Change 2007 : The Physical Science Basis, assessed current scientific knowledge of the natural and human drivers of climate change as well as observed changes in climate. | 1 | [
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A global network of 500 scientists and professionals has prepared this urgent message. | Dr. Rajesh Tandon, president of the FIM ( Montreal International Forum ) and of PRIA ( Participatory Research in Asia ), prepared a framework document entitled Democratization of Global Governance for Global Democracy : Civil Society Visions and Strategies ( G05 ) conference. | 1 | [
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A World Heritage site, it is currently under assault from unusually hot ocean temperatures,” | The average annual temperature recorded at nearby Lambert–St. | 1 | [
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Currently, humans are emitting around 29 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere per year. | The vast majority of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, changes in land use, soil erosion and agriculture (including livestock). | 0 | [
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Clearly, other factors besides atmospheric carbon influence earth temperatures and global warming. | Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to global warming or global cooling. | 1 | [
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But as the change gets larger or more persistent … it appears they underestimate climate change | This epoch experienced important geographic and climatic changes that affected human societies. | 0 | [
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unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed | January 2019 was the hottest month ever in Australia with average temperatures exceeding 30 °C ( 86 °F ). | 1 | [
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Not only was 2016 the warmest year on record, but eight of the 12 months that make up the year — from January through September, with the exception of June — were the warmest on record for those respective months. | The months of June, July, August and September account for a combined 4.49 inches ( 114 mm ) of total rainfall – only 12% of the 36.03 in ( 915 mm ) of the precipitation that falls throughout the year. | 1 | [
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a marginally significant warming trend in the data over the past several years, erasing the temperature plateau that vexed climate alarmists have found difficult to explain. | A study released in 2009, combined historical weather station data with satellite measurements to deduce past temperatures over large regions of the continent, and these temperatures indicate an overall warming trend. | 1 | [
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"Of the rise in temperature during the 20th century, the bulk occurred from 1900 to 1940. | The summer shrinking of the ice has been quoted at 50%. | 0 | [
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[ T ]he study indicates “Greenland’s ice may be less susceptible to the massive meltdown predicted by computer models of climate change, the main author ... said in an interview. ... | An ice sheet response time of centuries seems probable, and we cannot rule out large changes on decadal time-scales once wide-scale surface melt is underway. | 1 | [
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IPCC overestimate temperature rise. | Globally, the long-term technical potential of wind energy is believed to be five times total current global energy production, or 40 times current electricity demand, assuming all practical barriers needed were overcome. | 0 | [
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‘If we do nothing to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, the kind of extreme heat we saw this past summer will be the norm when my young son is a grown man.’ | The 2010 Cancún agreements include voluntary pledges made by 76 developed and developing countries to control their emissions of greenhouse gases. | 0 | [
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However, satellite and surface measurements observe an enhanced greenhouse effect at the wavelengths that CO2 absorb energy. | Some agricultural areas depend on an accumulation of snow during winter that will melt gradually in spring, providing water for crop growth, both directly and via runoff through streams and rivers, which supply irrigation canals. | 0 | [
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[subsidies for wind and solar] add to emissions because coal-fired electricity needs to be on standby for when there is no wind or sunshine. | Of the 19 recognized polar bear subpopulations, one is in decline, two are increasing, seven are stable, and nine have insufficient data, as of 2017. | 0 | [
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Famine, economic collapse, a sun that cooks us : What climate change could wreak — sooner than you think. | In November 2017, a second warning to humanity signed by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries stated that the current trajectory of potentially catastrophic climate change due to rising greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural production – particularly from farming ruminants for meat consumption is especially troubling. | 1 | [
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Hansen predicted in 1988 the West Side Highway would be underwater in 20 years. | The West Side Highway ( officially the Joe DiMaggio Highway ) is a 5.42-mile-long ( 8.72 km ) mostly surface section of New York State Route 9A ( NY 9A ) that runs from West 72nd Street along the Hudson River to the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. | 1 | [
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...there has been no increase in the global average surface temperature for the past 16 years ( Judith Curry and David Rose ) | Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade. | 1 | [
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Humans are small but powerful, and human CO2 emissions are causing global warming. | Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide. | 1 | [
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In addition, [ climate models ] ignore the fact that enriching the atmosphere with CO2 is beneficial | However, this excludes the balancing fluxes of CO 2 into the atmosphere from the geological reservoirs, which have slower characteristic rates. | 1 | [
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Stress from unusually warm ocean water heated by man-made climate change and the natural El Niño climate pattern caused the die-off. | The largest human influence has been the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. | 0 | [
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This increase is the result of humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more being absorbed into the oceans. | More recently, anthropogenic activities have steadily increased the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere; about 30–40% of the added CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, forming carbonic acid and lowering the pH ( now below 8.1 ) through a process called ocean acidification. | 1 | [
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'Gore claims the snowcap atop Africa's Mt. Kilimanjaro is shrinking and that global warming is to blame. | While the current shrinking and thinning of Kilimanjaro's ice fields appears to be unique within its almost twelve millennium history, it is contemporaneous with widespread glacier retreat in mid-to-low latitudes across the globe. | 1 | [
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But despite [ the Gulf Stream ], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record. | By carrying warm water northeast across the Atlantic, it makes Western and especially Northern Europe warmer than it otherwise would be. | 1 | [
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Ice berg melts, ocean level remains the same. | The gravitational effects comes into play when a large ice sheet melts. | 1 | [
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They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920. | Although there are a few areas of linkage, the relationship between the two is weak. | 0 | [
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As a result, half of the people surveyed around the world last year said they thought climate change would make humanity extinct. | Concentrations also vary on a regional basis, most strongly near the ground with much smaller variations aloft. | 0 | [
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The cement, iron and steel, and petroleum refining industries could see their production cut by 21% 19%, and 11% respectively.” | The efforts of Al Gore and other environmental campaigns have focused on the effects of global warming and have managed to increase awareness and concern, but despite these efforts, the number of Americans believing humans are the cause of global warming was holding steady at 61% in 2007, and those believing the popular media was understating the issue remained about 35%. | 0 | [
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Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked. | The resultant global warming may have caused perhaps the most severe anoxic event in the oceans' history: according to this theory, the oceans became so anoxic, anaerobic sulfur-reducing organisms dominated the chemistry of the oceans and caused massive emissions of toxic hydrogen sulfide. | 0 | [
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By that time CO2 emissions had already risen from the expanded use of coal that had powered the industrial revolution, and emissions only increased slowly from 3.5gigatonnes in 1910 to under 4gigatonnes by the end of the Second World War. | He said there had probably been no global warming since the 1940s, and "Satellite data show no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979. | 0 | [
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Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change ( Roger Pielke Jr. ) | By addressing climate change, we can avoid the costs associated with the effects of climate change. | 1 | [
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So recently the media picked up on the fact that CRU deleted the raw data for this important global temperature set long ago. | The mainstream media picked up the story, as negotiations over climate change mitigation began in Copenhagen on 7 December 2009. | 1 | [
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Multiple lines of evidence indicate Greenland's ice loss is accelerating and will contribute sea level rise in the order of metres over the next few centuries. | Rather, it assesses published literature, including peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed sources. | 0 | [
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Not everyone is convinced that the evidence is in that climate change is responsible for extreme swings between drought and deluge. | Health impacts of climate change include the direct impacts of extreme events such as storms, floods, heatwaves and fires and the indirect effects of longer-term changes, such as drought, changes to the food and water supply, resource conflicts and population shifts. | 1 | [
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The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles. | About 60.5 mya at the Danian / Selandian boundary, there is evidence of anoxia spreading out into coastal waters, and a drop in sea levels which is most likely explained as an increase in temperature and evaporation, as there was no ice at the poles to lock up water. | 1 | [
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The geological history of the planet shows major planetary climate changes have never been driven by a trace gas | The distance of Earth from the Sun, as well as its orbital eccentricity, rate of rotation, axial tilt, geological history, sustaining atmosphere, and magnetic field all contribute to the current climatic conditions at the surface. | 1 | [
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The full data for latitudes 64-90°N reveal the Arctic is warmer today than in 1940. | Globally, the Pliocene was about 2–3 °C warmer than today, and the Arctic during the summer in the mid-Pliocene was 8 °C warmer. | 1 | [
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Believers think the warming is man-made, while the skeptics believe the warming is natural and contributions from man are minimal and certainly not potentially catastrophic a la Al Gore.' | The disputed issues include the causes of increased global average air temperature, especially since the mid-20th century, whether this warming trend is unprecedented or within normal climatic variations, whether humankind has contributed significantly to it, and whether the increase is completely or partially an artifact of poor measurements. | 1 | [
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Numerous papers have documented how IPCC predictions are more likely to underestimate the climate response. | Among other findings, the report concluded that sea level rises could be up to two feet higher by the year 2100, even if efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to limit global warming are successful; coastal cities across the world could see so-called "storm[s] of the century" at least once a year. | 0 | [
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Since the hockey stick paper in 1998, there have been a number of proxy studies analysing a variety of different sources including corals, stalagmites, tree rings, boreholes and ice cores. | For his postdoctoral research, Mann joined Bradley and tree ring specialist Malcolm K. Hughes to develop a new statistical approach to reconstruct underlying spatial patterns of temperature variation combining diverse datasets of proxy information covering different periods across the globe, including a rich resource of tree ring networks for some areas and sparser proxies such as lake sediments, ice cores and corals, as well as some historical records. | 1 | [
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That drop in temperature came after what was described in the National Geographic as 'six decades of abnormal warmth'. | The period from 1983 to 2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years in the Northern Hemisphere, where such assessment is possible ( medium confidence ). | 1 | [
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“suggest that residents are fleeing atolls swiftly sinking into the sea. | Entire nation of Kiribati to be relocated over rising sea level threat. | 1 | [
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We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif. | In the opening lines, Flo Rida introduces himself and raps tongue twisters about Rihanna and The Bahamas, You know I got love for you / See what happened was we in Bahams / I remember it was the ox summer, oh so pretty I / ..Girl nice to meet you what's the honour / Yeah she tap me told me she Rihanna.. | 1 | [
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This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions. | Human activities ( primarily greenhouse gas emissions ) are the primary cause. | 1 | [
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[…] Killing 30 million bats every year in response to dubious claims that global warming might once in a great while kill 100,000 bats makes no sense.” | It is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter. | 0 | [
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Which means that if the planet is five degrees warmer at the end of the century, we may have as many as 50 percent more people to feed and 50 percent less grain to give them.” | The global consumption of meat is projected to rise by as much as 76% by 2050 as the global population surges to more than 9 billion, resulting in further biodiversity loss and increased GHG emissions. | 1 | [
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A generous estimate of the energy generated by satellites is around 1 million times too small to cause global warming. | The radiative forcing capacity ( RF ) is the amount of energy per unit area, per unit time, absorbed by the greenhouse gas, that would otherwise be lost to space. | 1 | [
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Warming trends agree well with surface temperatures and model predictions except near the Poles. | "Contrasting the termination of moderate and extreme El Niño events in coupled general circulation models". | 0 | [
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For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields. | "Heat Capacity, Time Constant and Sensitivity of Earth's Climate System" (PDF). | 0 | [
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Clouds provide negative feedback | Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to increase the reefs. | 0 | [
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While there are direct ways in which CO2 is a pollutant ( acidification of the ocean ), its primary impact is its greenhouse warming effect. | While transparent to visible light, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies ( see the section Structure and bonding above ). | 1 | [
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"[Models] are full of fudge factors that are fitted to the existing climate, so the models more or less agree with the observed data. | Those bands bring strong localized snowfall which can be understood as follows: Large water bodies such as lakes efficiently store heat that results in significant temperature differences (larger than 13 °C or 23 °F) between the water surface and the air above. | 0 | [
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IPCC human-caused global warming attribution confidence is unfounded. | They provide an analysis of what is known and not known, the degree of consensus, and some indication of the degree of confidence that can be placed on the various statements and conclusions. | 1 | [
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Burning fuel to produce fertiliser to grow feed, to produce meat and to transport it - and clearing vegetation for grazing - produces 9 per cent of all emissions of carbon dioxide, the most common greenhouse gas. | The Working Group I report (WG1) was published in September 2013. | 0 | [
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Armed conflicts over resources may become a reality, and have the potential to escalate into nuclear war. | This led to rising international tensions over the coming decades and eventually to a global nuclear war in 2077, destroying civilization across the globe. | 1 | [
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The Schmittner et al. study finds low probability of both very low and very high climate sensitivities, and its lower estimate (as compared to the IPCC) is based on a new temperature reconstruction of the Last Glacial Maximum that may or may not withstand the test of time. | In a 2011 article published in The Open Atmospheric Science Journal ecologist Craig Loehle of the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (a forest industry institution) and Scafetta forecast that the world climate "may remain approximately steady until 2030-2040, and may at most warm 0.5-1.0°C by 2100 at the estimated 0.66°C/century anthropogenic warming rate". | 0 | [
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A fast transition away from fossil fuels in the next few decades could be enough to put off rapid sea-level rise for centuries. | Over the 21st century, the IPCC projects that in a very high emissions scenario the sea level could rise by 61–110 cm. | 1 | [
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However, there is a process of accretion, where coral broken up by the waves washes up on these low-lying islands as sand, counteracting the reduction in land mass. | He believed that waves moving into shallow water churned up sand, which was deposited in the form of a submarine bar when the waves broke and lost much of their energy. | 1 | [
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“A leading Canadian authority on polar bears, Mitch Taylor, said: ‘We’re seeing an increase in bears that’s really unprecedented, and in places where we’re seeing a decrease in the population | The Greenland ice sheet occupies about 82% of the surface of Greenland, and if melted would cause sea levels to rise by 7.2 metres. | 0 | [
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For example, we have a lower understanding of the effect of aerosols while we have a high understanding of the warming effect of carbon dioxide. | (2009): The CLOUD experiments at CERN are interesting research but do not provide conclusive evidence that cosmic rays can serve as a major source of cloud seeding. | 0 | [
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Claims have recently surfaced in the blogosphere that an increasing number of scientists are warning of an imminent global cooling, some even going so far as to call it a growing consensus. | Despite increasing consensus on the science underpinning predictions of global climate change, doubts have been expressed recently about the need to mitigate the risks posed by global climate change. | 1 | [
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CO2 is not powerful in that sense, the only thing it does in the system is make the planet greener. | During the most recent North American glaciation, during the latter part of the Last Glacial Maximum (26,000 to 13,300 years ago), ice sheets extended to about 45th parallel north. | 0 | [
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Brooks added that Antarctic ice is growing. | In addition, the end of the 20th century drying trend may be due to global warming. | 0 | [
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Previous studies have shown that weakening carbon sinks will add 0.25°C, forest dieback will add 0.11°C, permafrost thaw will add 0.9°C and increased bacterial respiration will add 0.02°C. | Further criticism stems from the fact that the phrase intelligent design makes use of an assumption of the quality of an observable intelligence, a concept that has no scientific consensus definition. | 0 | [
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The interesting point is that it also seems each time they come across a new dataset it is simply replaced. | A pool level snapshot ( known as a checkpoint ) is available which allows rollback of operations that may affect the entire pool's structure, or which add or remove entire datasets. | 1 | [
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Scientists just discovered a massive, heretofore unknown, source of nitrogen | Biological nitrogen fixation was discovered by German agronomist Hermann Hellriegel and Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck. | 1 | [
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The warming is extremely rapid on the geologic time scale, and no other factor can explain it as well as human emissions of greenhouse gases. | Because much of the heat is provided by radioactive decay, scientists postulate that early in Earth's history, before isotopes with short half-lives were depleted, Earth's heat production was much higher. | 0 | [
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As of today,JAXA shows that we have more ice than any time on this date for the past 8 years of Aqua satellite measurement for this AMSRE dataset." | A typical bituminous coal may have an ultimate analysis on a dry, ash-free basis of 84.4% carbon, 5.4% hydrogen, 6.7% oxygen, 1.7% nitrogen, and 1.8% sulfur, on a weight basis. | 0 | [
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No warming since at least 1995, no melting glaciers and now no rising sea levels. | The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface beyond the temperature it would have in the absence of its atmosphere. | 0 | [
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Each year sees the disappearance of thousands of plant and animal species which we will never know, which our children will never see, because they have been lost for ever. | The temperature of the photosphere is approximately 6,000 K, whereas the temperature of the corona reaches 1,000,000–2,000,000 K. The high temperature of the corona shows that it is heated by something other than direct heat conduction from the photosphere. | 0 | [
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HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) are tens of thousands of times more polluting than carbon dioxide. | Also, average solar activity in the 2010s was no higher than in the 1950s (see above), whereas average global temperatures had risen markedly over that period. | 0 | [
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While there are isolated cases of growing glaciers, the overwhelming trend in glaciers worldwide is retreat. | "Externally Forced and Internally Generated Decadal Climate Variability Associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation". | 0 | [
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While summer maximums have showed little trend, the annual average Arctic temperature has risen sharply in recent decades. | As recently as 55 million years ago, during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, the region reached an average annual temperature of 10–20 °C ( 50–68 °F ). | 1 | [
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There have long been claims that some unspecificed "they" has "changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'". | Despite this and the fact that 1999 had just seen record breaking global temperatures, the email was widely misquoted as a "trick" to "hide the decline" as though it referred to a decline in measured global temperatures, an accusation made publicly by the politicians Sarah Palin and Jim Inhofe. | 0 | [
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It is expected the report will focus on required changes to the energy system, rather than forests. | [vague] Possible explanations for the Hawthorne effect include the impact of feedback and motivation towards the experimenter. | 0 | [
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The Ozone Layer stops UV radiation from entering our atmosphere. | Consequently, unabsorbed and dangerous ultraviolet radiation is able to reach the Earth's surface at a higher intensity. | 1 | [
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U.S. Pays $1 Billion into Green Climate Fund, Top Polluters Pay Nothing | The brightening seen at sites in Antarctica during the 1990s, influenced by recovering from the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption in 1991, fades after 2000. | 0 | [
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“In an old climate, … extremely warm years were less common and snowpack was more reliable … | Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities. | 0 | [
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Volcanoes have been relatively frequent and if anything, have exerted a cooling effect. | Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere ( or troposphere ); however, they also absorb heat radiated from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere ( or stratosphere ). | 1 | [
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'Global warming' is a myth — so say 80 graphs from 58 peer-reviewed scientific papers published in 2017. | An article by Gerald Traufetter for Spiegel Online described the Copenhagen summit as a "political disaster," and asserted that the US and China "joined forces to stymie every attempt by European nations to reach agreement." | 0 | [
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Polar bear numbers are increasing | The numbers taken grew rapidly in the 1960s, peaking around 1968 with a global total of 1,250 bears that year. | 1 | [
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Sea level rise due to global warming is exaggerated. | Under the influence of global warming, melt at the base of the ice sheet increases. | 1 | [
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UAH atmospheric temperatures prove climate models and / or surface temperature data sets are wrong. | We have found that climate models and popular surface temperature data sets overstate the changes in the real atmosphere and that actual changes are not alarming. | 1 | [
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As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans. | The Mississippi River Gulf Outlet ( MR-GO ) breached its levees in approximately 20 places, flooding much of eastern New Orleans, most of St. Bernard Parish and the East Bank of Plaquemines Parish. | 1 | [
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Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly. | Brown ovals are warmer and located within the normal cloud layer. | 1 | [
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Human kind has little or nothing to do with the recent temperature changes. | White House deputy press secretary Dana Perino stated that The president noted in 2001 the increase in temperatures over the past 100 years and that the increase in greenhouse gases was due to a certain extent to human activity. | 1 | [
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The noted oceanographer Walter Munk referred to sea-level rise as an “enigma” | Natural climate variability can appear to slow down surface warming over short periods, but does not refute long-term climate change trends. | 0 | [
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No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it. | As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020. | 1 | [
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'Our harmless emissions of trifling quantities of carbon dioxide cannot possibly acidify the oceans. | Andrew Dessler published a paper which found errors in Lindzen and Choi 2011, and concluded that the observations it had presented "are not in fundamental disagreement with mainstream climate models, nor do they provide evidence that clouds are causing climate change. | 0 | [
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Sea level rise is now increasing faster than predicted due to unexpectedly rapid ice melting. | January 2019 was the hottest month ever in Australia with average temperatures exceeding 30 °C (86 °F). | 0 | [
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Water vapor helps trap heat, and is a far the strongest of the major greenhouse gases, contributing 36–72 percent of the greenhouse effect. | However radiative energy losses become increasingly important higher in the atmosphere, largely because of the decreasing concentration of water vapor, an important greenhouse gas. | 1 | [
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CO2 limits won't cool the planet | Globally, these effects are estimated to have led to a slight cooling, dominated by an increase in surface albedo. | 1 | [
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Volcanoes, solar variations, clouds, methane, aerosols - these all change the way energy enters and / or leaves our climate. | These external forcings can be natural, such as variations in solar intensity and volcanic eruptions, or caused by humans. | 1 | [
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Satellite and surface measurements find less energy is escaping to space at CO2 absorption wavelengths. | In the PETM, it is possible deep water formation occurred in saltier tropical waters and moved polewards, which would increase global surface temperatures by warming the poles. | 0 | [
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Climate scientists say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse. | The Gulf of Mexico is known for hurricanes in August, so their incidence alone cannot be attributed to global warming, but the warming climate does influence certain attributes of storms. | 1 | [
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'Antarctic sea ice set a new record in October 2007, as photographs distributed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration showed penguins and other cold-weather creatures able to stand farther north on Southern Hemisphere sea ice than has ever been recorded. | The valley experienced a severe drought from 2011 to 2017. | 0 | [
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"a [cloudcover] change in the Tropics could lead to a negative feedback in the global climate, with a feedback factor of about –1.1, which if correct, would more than cancel all the positive feedbacks in the more sensitive current climate models" (Lindzen et al. | The mean extent of the ice has been decreasing since 1980 from the average winter value of 15,600,000 km2 (6,023,200 sq mi) at a rate of 3% per decade. | 0 | [
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Humans are too insignificant to affect global climate | Accumulation of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, mainly being emitted by people burning fossil fuels, is causing global warming. | 1 | [
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Human activities (mainly greenhouse-gas emissions) are the dominant cause of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s (IPCC, 2013). | Improvements in existing plants reduced steel-industry energy consumption from 73.8 million tons of coal in 1978 to 69.1 million tons in 1983, and production increased by 26 percent. | 0 | [
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