text
stringlengths 4
500
| ents
list |
|---|---|
目前已经研发的复方青蒿素有：复方蒿甲醚、双氢青蒿素哌喹、复方萘酚喹和复方青蒿素片。 | [
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "复方青蒿素"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "复方蒿甲醚"
},
{
"indices": [
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "双氢青蒿素哌喹"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "复方萘酚喹"
},
{
"indices": [
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "复方青蒿素片"
}
] |
B超检查的阳性率超过90%。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "B超检查"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "B超检查的阳性"
}
] |
手术采用幽门环肌切开术。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "手术"
},
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "幽门环肌切开术"
}
] |
幽门环肌切开术后多见偶发性呕吐，大多无需处理，按计划喂养。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "幽门环肌切开术"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "偶发性呕吐"
}
] |
异位起搏点可位于心房、房室交界或心室的任何部位。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "异位起搏点"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心房"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "房室交界"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心室的任何部位"
}
] |
房性期前收缩在儿童常见，甚至可出现在无心脏病变的患儿。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "房性期前收缩"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "心脏病变"
}
] |
房性期前收缩的QRS波群可正常，或延长（差异传导），或缺乏，这主要取决于房性期前收缩提前的程度（联律间期）。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "房性期前收缩"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "房性期前收缩"
}
] |
室性期前收缩可起源于心室的任何部位，特征为提前出现的、增宽的、畸变的QRS波群，其前无P波。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室性期前收缩"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心室的任何部位"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "提前出现的、增宽的、畸变的QRS波群"
}
] |
如室性期前收缩的形态一致，则称之为单源性室性期前收缩。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室性期前收缩"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "单源性室性期前收缩"
}
] |
如期前收缩频发，有时可表现为固定的节律，如期前收缩与正常搏动交替（二联律），或两个正常搏动后一个期前收缩（三联律）。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "期前收缩"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "期前收缩"
}
] |
单个期前收缩发生时，大多数患儿感觉不到，但有些患儿可感到心前区跳动感。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "期前收缩"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "心前区跳动感"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心前区"
}
] |
焦虑、热性疾病、某些药物或刺激性物质的摄入可引起室性期前收缩。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "焦虑"
},
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "热性疾病"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室性期前收缩"
}
] |
正常原始生殖腺的移行常沿着躯体中轴进行，因此除原发于卵巢和睾丸外，生殖细胞瘤多数发生于中线部位。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "原始生殖腺"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "躯体"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "卵巢"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "睾丸"
},
{
"indices": [
33,
34,
35,
36,
37
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "生殖细胞瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
43,
44,
45,
46
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "中线部位"
}
] |
（2）非生殖细胞性：上皮性肿瘤；性索-基质性肿瘤。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "生殖细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "上皮性肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "性索-基质性肿瘤"
}
] |
本病的发病部位较为多处，多见于骶尾部、睾丸、卵巢、盆腔、后腹膜、纵隔和颅内。 | [
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "骶尾部"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "睾丸"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "卵巢"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "盆腔"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "后腹膜"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "纵隔"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
36
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "颅内"
}
] |
本瘤起源于成纤维细胞，广泛浸润肌肉，沿筋膜表面实质，边缘不清楚，切除后有强烈的复发倾向。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "成纤维细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌肉"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "筋膜表面实质"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "切除"
}
] |
瘤体坚韧，呈灰白色，大小不一，多见于腹壁、胸壁、肩胛等处。 | [
{
"indices": [
0
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹壁"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸壁"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肩胛"
}
] |
如腹壁部的肿瘤可发生在前腹壁除白线以外的任何部位，但多位于脐下。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹壁部"
},
{
"indices": [
5,
6
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "前腹壁除白线以外的任何部位"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "脐下"
}
] |
这些并发症可导致晕厥或猝死。 | [
{
"indices": [
8,
9
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "晕厥"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "猝死"
}
] |
当患儿患缓慢性心律失常时，可予以植入起搏器。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "慢性心律失常"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "植入起搏器"
}
] |
对于位于脑重要结构区而未能全切除的婴幼儿肿瘤，主张化疗，以避免放疗或利于延期放疗。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑重要结构区"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "全切除"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "婴幼儿肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "化疗"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
32
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "放疗"
}
] |
低度肿瘤预后较好，肿瘤的性质、级别、部位及病人的年龄、切除程度不同，预后各不相同。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "低度肿瘤预后"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "切除"
}
] |
本瘤为逐渐增大的体表肿块，伴不同程度的疼痛。 | [
{
"indices": [
1
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "逐渐增大的体表肿块"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "体表肿块"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "伴不同程度的疼痛"
}
] |
恶性神经鞘瘤是一种侵袭性很强的肿瘤，切除后易局部复发，远处转移主要到肺，其次到肝和骨。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "恶性神经鞘瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "切除"
},
{
"indices": [
34
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺"
},
{
"indices": [
39
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肝"
},
{
"indices": [
41
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "骨"
}
] |
流出部室间隔是表面光滑的圆锥隔，当其与肌小梁部的交界缘口偏歪不对线（malalignment）会引起主动脉骑跨；若这种不对线发生在左心室流出道室间隔，会引起主动脉弓梗阻；若发生在右心室会导致肺动脉下梗阻，如法洛四联症。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "流出部室间隔"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌小梁部的交界缘口"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
51,
52,
53,
54
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "主动脉骑跨"
},
{
"indices": [
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70,
71,
72,
73
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "左心室流出道室间隔"
},
{
"indices": [
78,
79,
80,
81,
82,
83
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "主动脉弓梗阻"
},
{
"indices": [
89,
90,
91
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "右心室"
},
{
"indices": [
95,
96,
97,
98,
99,
100
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺动脉下梗阻"
},
{
"indices": [
103,
104,
105,
106,
107
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "法洛四联症"
}
] |
大型室间隔缺损可引起肺动脉高压；当缺损很大，缺口不能限制左心室的分流来血，使左、右室压力几乎接近，此时分流量决定于体、肺两个循环的阻力。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "大型室间隔缺损"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺动脉高压"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "缺损"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "左心室"
},
{
"indices": [
35
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
},
{
"indices": [
38,
39,
40,
41
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "左、右室"
},
{
"indices": [
59
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺"
}
] |
因左心室超容，心前区搏动明显，年长儿可看到明显心前区隆起和哈里森（Harrison）沟。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "左心室"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心前区"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24,
25,
26,
27
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "心前区隆起"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心前区"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "哈里森（Harrison）沟"
}
] |
有中至大型左向右分流，产生心力衰竭的婴儿，当可能出现缺损部分或完全自然关闭时，也可最初以药物治疗：①利尿剂降低心脏负荷和体循环静脉的充血状况。 | [
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "心力衰竭"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "缺损部分或完全自然关闭"
},
{
"indices": [
44,
45,
46,
47
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "药物治疗"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
51,
52
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "利尿剂"
},
{
"indices": [
55,
56
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心脏"
},
{
"indices": [
60,
61,
62,
63,
64
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "体循环静脉"
},
{
"indices": [
67
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "血"
}
] |
螺内酯有保钾作用，同时使用呋塞米和螺内酯，无须额外补钾。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "螺内酯"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "呋塞米"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "螺内酯"
}
] |
②可以用地高辛，但在小婴儿最初出现负荷加重时一般不用。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "地高辛"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "负荷加重"
}
] |
出现艾森门格综合征者，只能行心脏移植术。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "艾森门格综合征"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "心脏移植术"
}
] |
一般将其分为三类：①腹膜后和腹腔内（大网膜、肠系膜、胃肠道和其他脏器）；②皮肤和皮下组织；③脉管源性平滑肌肉瘤。 | [
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹膜后"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腹腔内"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "大网膜"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肠系膜"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胃肠道"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "脏器"
},
{
"indices": [
37,
38
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮肤"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮下组织"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脉管源性平滑肌肉瘤"
}
] |
胃肠道平滑肌肉瘤可分布于从胃至直肠的各个部位，可有多发现象。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "胃肠道平滑肌肉瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
13
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胃"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "直肠"
}
] |
肿瘤可导致肠梗阻、肠套叠。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肠梗阻"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肠套叠"
}
] |
治疗为完全切除肿瘤，但范围要广，如胃肠道原发需切除其近端和远端至少5cm。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "完全切除"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肿瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胃肠道"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "切除"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "近端"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "远端"
}
] |
发作时心率大多超过180次/分，偶尔可达300次/分。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "心率"
}
] |
婴幼儿室上速的诊断比较困难。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室上速"
}
] |
婴幼儿室上速就诊时常伴心力衰竭，因为室上速可发作数小时而未被发现。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室上速"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "心力衰竭"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室上速"
}
] |
发作时心率多在200～300次/分之间。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "心率"
}
] |
如发作持续6～24小时或更长，且心率极快，患儿可显得极度病态，脸色灰，烦躁不安，呼吸急促、肝大，可以有发热及白细胞增多。 | [
{
"indices": [
16,
17
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "心率"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "显得极度病态"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
32,
33
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "脸色灰"
},
{
"indices": [
31
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "脸"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
36,
37,
38
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "烦躁不安"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
41
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼吸"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼吸急促"
},
{
"indices": [
45
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肝"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
46
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肝大"
},
{
"indices": [
51,
52
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "发热"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
55,
56
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "白细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
55,
56,
57,
58
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "白细胞增多"
}
] |
如室上速在胎儿发生，可引起严重心力衰竭及胎儿水肿。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室上速"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "心力衰竭"
},
{
"indices": [
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "胎儿水肿"
}
] |
室上速与室性心动过速（以下简称室速）的鉴别十分重要，因为地高辛可促使室速的患儿发生室性颤动。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室上速"
},
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室性心动过速"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室速"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "地高辛"
},
{
"indices": [
34,
35
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室速"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
42,
43,
44
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "室性颤动"
}
] |
预激综合征的患儿60%～70%可发生室上速，其典型心电图表现在未发作时通常可见，主要表现为PR间期缩短、δ波及宽QRS波群。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "预激综合征"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室上速"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "心电图"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "PR间期缩短、δ波及宽QRS波群"
}
] |
床边食管调搏可用于室上速的诊断、鉴别诊断及药物治疗疗效的评价。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "equ",
"score": 1,
"text": "食管调搏"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "室上速"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "药物治疗"
}
] |
在难治性病例，可在心导管实验室里进行更详尽的电生理检查。 | [
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "equ",
"score": 1,
"text": "心导管"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25,
26
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "电生理检查"
}
] |
如患儿稳定，首选腺苷快速静脉推注，因为腺苷起效快，对心肌收缩性影响小。 | [
{
"indices": [
8,
9
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "腺苷"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "快速静脉推注"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "腺苷"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心肌"
}
] |
去氧肾上腺素也可应用，通过压力反射来增加迷走张力。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "去氧肾上腺素"
}
] |
此外，还可应用抗心律失常药物如奎尼丁、普鲁卡因胺及普萘洛尔。 | [
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "抗心律失常药物"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "奎尼丁"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "普鲁卡因胺"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "普萘洛尔"
}
] |
在年长儿，还可应用钙通道阻滞剂维拉帕米来终止发作。 | [
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "钙通道阻滞剂"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "维拉帕米"
}
] |
在1岁以下婴儿，维拉帕米可减少心输出量、发生低血压及心搏停止，因而维拉帕米在1岁以下年龄禁用。 | [
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "维拉帕米"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "减少心输出量"
},
{
"indices": [
15
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "低血压"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "心搏停止"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "心搏"
},
{
"indices": [
33,
34,
35,
36
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "维拉帕米"
}
] |
在危重情况下，如已发生严重心力衰竭，首先推荐直流同步电复律。 | [
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重心力衰竭"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "心力衰竭"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "直流同步电复律"
}
] |
在无旁道前传的患儿，地高辛或普萘洛尔是主要的治疗手段。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "旁道前传"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "地高辛"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "普萘洛尔"
}
] |
如有预激综合征，地高辛或钙通道阻滞剂可增加旁道前传，应予避免。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "预激综合征"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "地高辛"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "钙通道阻滞剂"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "增加旁道前传"
}
] |
这些患儿可长期口服普萘洛尔。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "长期口服"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "普萘洛尔"
}
] |
在顽固的患儿，还可应用普鲁卡因胺、奎尼丁、氟卡因、普罗帕酮、索他洛尔或胺碘酮。 | [
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "普鲁卡因胺"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "奎尼丁"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "氟卡因"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "普罗帕酮"
},
{
"indices": [
30,
31,
32,
33
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "索他洛尔"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
36,
37
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "胺碘酮"
}
] |
心脏正常的患儿如因长期心动过速而发生心力衰竭，心律转为窦性后心功能通常恢复正常，但这一过程可能需几天至几周。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "心脏"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "心动过速"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "心力衰竭"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "心律转为窦性后心功能通常恢复正常"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "心律"
},
{
"indices": [
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "心功能"
}
] |
如需应用几种药物控制发作，或药物的副作用不能耐受，药物的治疗效果差，可选择射频消融。 | [
{
"indices": [
37,
38,
39,
40
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "射频消融"
}
] |
在部分旁道患儿，也可选用外科消融。 | [
{
"indices": [
3,
4
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "旁道"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "外科消融"
}
] |
如用单一药物不能控制，可进行射频消融，国外报道成功率可达90%以上。 | [
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "射频消融"
}
] |
初期仅有轻度咳嗽、胸闷、胸痛及咳痰。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "轻度咳嗽"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸闷"
},
{
"indices": [
9
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸痛"
},
{
"indices": [
12
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "咳痰"
},
{
"indices": [
16
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "痰"
}
] |
叩诊可呈浊音，听诊多能闻及啰音或呼吸音粗糙。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "叩诊"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "叩诊可呈浊音"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "听诊"
},
{
"indices": [
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "听诊多能闻及啰音或呼吸音粗糙"
}
] |
外周血白细胞计数正常或稍高，嗜酸性粒细胞增高，血沉增快。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "外周血白细胞计数正常或稍高"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "外周血白细胞计数"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "嗜酸性粒细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "嗜酸性粒细胞增高"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "血沉"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24,
25,
26
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "血沉增快"
}
] |
胸部X线摄片特征性的表现为小指甲乃至拇指甲大小、界限鲜明的结节状阴影1～2个，见于下肺野，多伴有环状透亮影，亦有呈毛囊状影，有时阴影直径可达5～6cm。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸部X线摄片"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸部X线摄片特征性的表现为小指甲乃至拇指甲大小、界限鲜明的结节状阴影1～2个，见于下肺野"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "小指甲"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "拇指甲"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "下肺野"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "伴有环状透亮影，亦有呈毛囊状影"
},
{
"indices": [
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70,
71,
72,
73,
74
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "阴影直径可达5～6cm"
},
{
"indices": [
64,
65,
66,
67
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "阴影直径"
}
] |
在流行地区对临床症状不明显的患者，应做皮内试验和补体结合试验以助诊断。 | [
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "皮内试验"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "补体结合试验"
}
] |
亦可酌情选用硫氯酚、硝氯酚等。 | [
{
"indices": [
6,
7,
8
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "硫氯酚"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "硝氯酚"
}
] |
肺部可有湿啰音。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺部"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺部可有湿啰音"
}
] |
部分患儿有新生儿期患结合膜炎的病史。 | [
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "结合膜炎"
}
] |
如病变侵犯细支气管，可出现喘息，偶见呼吸暂停。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "细支气管"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "喘息"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "偶见呼吸暂停"
}
] |
鼻咽拭子可分离到沙眼衣原体，经酶联免疫吸附试验和微量免疫荧光试验可检测沙眼衣原体抗体。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "鼻咽拭子"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "鼻咽拭子可分离到沙眼衣原体"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "沙眼衣原体"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "酶联免疫吸附试验"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "酶联免疫吸附试验和微量免疫荧光试验可检测沙眼衣原体抗体"
},
{
"indices": [
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "微量免疫荧光试验"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "沙眼衣原体抗体"
}
] |
PCR或DNA杂交技术可直接检测沙眼衣原体DNA，或通过ELISA等方法检测衣原体抗原。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "PCR"
},
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "PCR或DNA杂交技术可直接检测沙眼衣原体DNA"
},
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "DNA杂交技术"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "沙眼衣原体DNA"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "ELISA"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "ELISA等方法检测衣原体抗原"
},
{
"indices": [
38,
39,
40,
41,
42
],
"label": "mic",
"score": 1,
"text": "衣原体抗原"
}
] |
治疗首选大环内酯类抗生素。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "大环内酯类抗生素"
}
] |
重症或不能口服者静脉给药。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "口服"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "静脉给药"
}
] |
本病第一胎即可发病，如果产前发病可导致脑积水、脑囊肿、癫痫等后遗症。 | [
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑积水"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑囊肿"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "癫痫"
}
] |
至今SMA尚无特异的有效治疗，主要治疗措施为预防或治疗各种严重肌无力产生的并发症，如肺炎、营养不良、骨骼畸形、行动障碍和精神社会性问题等。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMA"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "预防"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30,
31,
32,
33
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重肌无力"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
43
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺炎"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
46,
47,
48
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "营养不良"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
51,
52,
53
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "骨骼畸形"
},
{
"indices": [
55,
56,
57,
58
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "行动障碍"
},
{
"indices": [
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "精神社会性问题"
}
] |
5q13区存在2个SMN等位基因：SMN1和SMN2，只有SMN1基因的纯合缺失才会导致SMA，而SMN2基因的纯合缺失则出现在5%的正常人群中。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "5q13区"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN等位基因"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN1"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN2"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN1基因"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN1基因的纯合缺失才会导致SMA"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN2基因"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN2基因的纯合缺失"
}
] |
96%的SMA患者提示有SMN1基因突变，而4%并非与5q13连锁。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMA"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN1基因"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN1基因突变"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "4%并非与5q13连锁"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "5q13"
}
] |
如果这些研究被进一步证实将为了解SMA的发病机制迈出重要一步。 | [
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMA"
}
] |
大多数患者为SMA-Ⅰ型，其次为Ⅱ型，Ⅲ型发病率最低。 | [
{
"indices": [
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMA-Ⅰ型"
}
] |
本病在儿童晚期或青春期出现症状，表现为神经元性近端肌萎缩，容易和肢带型肌营养不良相混淆。 | [
{
"indices": [
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "神经元性近端肌萎缩"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肢带型肌营养不良"
}
] |
患儿常有磷酸肌酸激酶增高。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "磷酸肌酸激酶增高"
},
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "磷酸肌酸激酶"
}
] |
应用PCR限制性内切酶方法，进行SMN基因外显子7、8的缺失检测，可快速诊断儿童型SMA。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "PCR限制性内切酶方法"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN基因外显子7、8的缺失检测"
},
{
"indices": [
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "儿童型SMA"
}
] |
此外PCR-SSCP分析以及单体型连锁分析法也是诊断SMA的有效方法，三者联合使用可相互验证，互为补充，提高产前基因诊断的准确率。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "PCR-SSCP分析"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "单体型连锁分析法"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
27,
28
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMA"
},
{
"indices": [
56,
57,
58,
59
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "基因诊断"
}
] |
有学者应用PCR和PCR内切酶法检测SMA患者基因缺失情况，结果显示SMA-Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型可通过SMN基因第7、8外显子的检测进行确诊，方法简便可靠。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "PCR和PCR内切酶法"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMA"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24,
25,
26
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "基因缺失"
},
{
"indices": [
34,
35,
36
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMA"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMN基因第7、8外显子的检测"
}
] |
并发症包括肺炎、营养不良、骨骼畸形、行动障碍和精神社会性问题。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺炎"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "营养不良"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "骨骼畸形"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "行动障碍"
}
] |
一旦有效肺活量（FVC）下降，即使肢体或躯干的肌力无明显改变，发生肺炎的危险性也会增高。 | [
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "有效肺活量"
},
{
"indices": [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "有效肺活量（FVC）下降"
},
{
"indices": [
8,
9,
10
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "FVC"
},
{
"indices": [
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肢体或躯干的肌力"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "发生肺炎的危险性也会增高"
},
{
"indices": [
33,
34
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "肺炎"
}
] |
患儿由于负氮平衡会导致肌无力和疲劳加重，尤其是婴儿。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "负氮平衡会导致肌无力和疲劳加重，尤其是婴儿"
},
{
"indices": [
11
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "肌"
}
] |
部分患者发生慢性营养不良，表现为易于疲劳和储备下降；部分患者由于营养摄入不足导致有机酸尿症；故需要有专业的营养师对其进行喂养指导、调整喂养方案、喂养姿势以及食物结构，以最大限度地增加热量摄入。 | [
{
"indices": [
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "慢性营养不良"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "易于疲劳"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22,
23,
24
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "储备下降"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "营养摄入不足"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
41,
42,
43,
44
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "有机酸尿症"
},
{
"indices": [
60,
61,
62,
63
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "喂养指导"
},
{
"indices": [
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70,
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79,
80,
81
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "调整喂养方案、喂养姿势以及食物结构"
},
{
"indices": [
89,
90,
91,
92,
93,
94
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "增加热量摄入"
}
] |
另外由于行动障碍，有些患者会发生便秘，但通过增加液体和纤维摄入，可减轻便秘。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "行动障碍"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
17
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "便秘"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23,
24,
25
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "增加液体"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "纤维摄入"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
36
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "便秘"
}
] |
脊柱侧弯是SMA最为严重的骨骼畸形，不能行走的患者会更早地发展为脊柱畸形，大部分的畸形位于胸腰部。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脊柱侧弯"
},
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "SMA"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "骨骼畸形"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "不能行走"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脊柱畸形"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
42
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "畸形"
},
{
"indices": [
45
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "胸"
},
{
"indices": [
46
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "腰"
}
] |
为了防止脊柱融合术后力量或功能的丧失，以及防止呼吸道的并发症，在术前术后需有积极的物理治疗。 | [
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "脊柱融合术"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "力量或功能的丧失"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "呼吸道的并发症"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
42,
43,
44
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "物理治疗"
}
] |
畸形足是婴儿型SMA的一个表现，但较为少见，一般不需要外科矫正。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "畸形足"
},
{
"indices": [
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "婴儿型SMA"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "外科矫正"
}
] |
其他更常见的畸形有由于行动障碍导致的屈曲挛缩，迅速累及髋、膝和踝部，适当的锻炼可以预防挛缩的发生。 | [
{
"indices": [
6,
7
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "畸形"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "行动障碍"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20,
21
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "屈曲挛缩"
},
{
"indices": [
27
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "髋"
},
{
"indices": [
29
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "膝"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
32
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "踝部"
},
{
"indices": [
34,
35,
36,
37,
38
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "适当的锻炼"
},
{
"indices": [
43,
44
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "挛缩"
}
] |
临床上多数风湿性疾病活动期都有ESR加快，下列情况也可引起ESR加快，如贫血、药物（肝素及某些避孕药）、妊娠及高免疫球蛋白血症（多发性骨髓瘤，Waldenstroms巨球蛋白血症），甚至性别、年龄、种族和肥胖都会影响血沉结果。 | [
{
"indices": [
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "风湿性疾病"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "ESR"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "ESR加快"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "ESR"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
30,
31,
32,
33
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "ESR加快"
},
{
"indices": [
36,
37
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "贫血"
},
{
"indices": [
39,
40
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "药物"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
43
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "肝素"
},
{
"indices": [
47,
48,
49
],
"label": "dru",
"score": 1,
"text": "避孕药"
},
{
"indices": [
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "高免疫球蛋白血症"
},
{
"indices": [
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "多发性骨髓瘤"
},
{
"indices": [
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79,
80,
81,
82,
83,
84,
85,
86,
87,
88
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "Waldenstroms巨球蛋白血症"
},
{
"indices": [
108,
109
],
"label": "ite",
"score": 1,
"text": "血沉"
}
] |
猫和猫科动物为其终末宿主和传染源，猫在最初感染后由粪便排出大量卵囊，由于卵囊具有高度感染性并可持续存在于温暖潮湿的泥土中达一年或更久，因此，食入未洗的被猫粪污染的食物，或接触沙堆或其他这样受污染的地方可致感染，另外，输血或输白细胞、器官移植和实验室意外也可传播。 | [
{
"indices": [
21,
22
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "感染"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
43
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "感染"
},
{
"indices": [
102,
103
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "感染"
},
{
"indices": [
108,
109
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "输血"
},
{
"indices": [
111,
112,
113,
114
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "输白细胞"
},
{
"indices": [
116,
117,
118,
119
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "器官移植"
}
] |
在妊娠最初3个月内获得和传播的感染常引起婴儿出生时伴有严重的眼和中枢神经系统表现，如脉络膜视网膜炎、脑积水和颅内钙化。 | [
{
"indices": [
15,
16
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "感染"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "严重的眼和中枢神经系统表现"
},
{
"indices": [
30
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "眼"
},
{
"indices": [
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "中枢神经系统"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脉络膜视网膜炎"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
51,
52
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "脑积水"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
55,
56,
57
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "颅内钙化"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
55
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "颅内"
}
] |
发热性疾病、感冒、消化障碍以及过度疲劳等均可为诱因。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "发热性疾病"
},
{
"indices": [
6,
7
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "感冒"
},
{
"indices": [
9,
10,
11,
12
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "消化障碍"
},
{
"indices": [
15,
16,
17,
18
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "过度疲劳"
}
] |
在疱疹出现前2～3天（潜伏期）患儿常有烦躁、拒食、发热与局部淋巴结肿大。 | [
{
"indices": [
1,
2
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "疱疹"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
20
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "烦躁"
},
{
"indices": [
22,
23
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "拒食"
},
{
"indices": [
25,
26
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "发热"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "局部淋巴结肿大"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29,
30,
31,
32
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "局部淋巴结"
}
] |
2～3天后体温下降，但口腔症状加重，病损最初表现为弥漫性黏膜潮红，在24小时内渐次出现密集成群的针尖大小水疱，呈圆形或椭圆形，周围环绕红晕，水疱很快破溃，暴露出表浅小溃疡或溃疡相互融合成大溃疡，表面覆有黄白色分泌物。 | [
{
"indices": [
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "口腔症状加重"
},
{
"indices": [
11,
12
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "口腔"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "病损最初表现为弥漫性黏膜潮红"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "黏膜"
},
{
"indices": [
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67,
68
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "在24小时内渐次出现密集成群的针尖大小水疱，呈圆形或椭圆形，周围环绕红晕"
},
{
"indices": [
70,
71,
72,
73,
74,
75
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "水疱很快破溃"
},
{
"indices": [
77,
78,
79,
80,
81,
82,
83,
84,
85,
86,
87,
88,
89,
90,
91,
92,
93,
94,
95,
96,
97,
98,
99,
100,
101,
102,
103,
104,
105,
106
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "暴露出表浅小溃疡或溃疡相互融合成大溃疡，表面覆有黄白色分泌物"
},
{
"indices": [
104,
105,
106
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "分泌物"
}
] |
本病为自限性，1～2周内口腔黏膜恢复正常，溃疡愈合后不留瘢痕。 | [
{
"indices": [
12,
13,
14,
15
],
"label": "bod",
"score": 1,
"text": "口腔黏膜"
},
{
"indices": [
21,
22
],
"label": "dis",
"score": 1,
"text": "溃疡"
},
{
"indices": [
28,
29
],
"label": "sym",
"score": 1,
"text": "瘢痕"
}
] |
疱底细胞、病毒分离和血清学实验可帮助诊断。 | [
{
"indices": [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "疱底细胞、病毒分离"
},
{
"indices": [
10,
11,
12,
13,
14
],
"label": "pro",
"score": 1,
"text": "血清学实验"
}
] |