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149914560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-12T14:21:58.738Z | 2019-04-03T00:00:00.000Z | The State of Criminal Justice Educational Programs in the United States: Bachelors’ Degrees, Curriculum Standards, and the Ongoing Quest for Quality
While definitions for, and assessments of, the quality of degree programs in higher education are varied, in criminal justice the field has determined a quality program is one that meets certain standards involving such areas as program mission, curriculum, faculty credentials, and resources determined through “academic certification” by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS).The problem is few programs have pursued certification and almost no research has otherwise assessed degree program quality. Using data collected from the population of bachelor’s degree programs in criminal justice (BCJ) operating during 2015–2016 (N = 670), this study assessed program curriculum using ACJS standards, and examined institutional, departmental, and programmatic influences on the number of standards met. Results indicated BCJ programs met few curriculum standards, and that departmental factors were especially significant influences on the number of standards met. These results warrant revisiting accreditation as the mechanism for insuring the quality of criminal justice academic programs. |
225685510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-07-09T09:13:22.798Z | 2020-06-25T00:00:00.000Z | Utilizing Big Data Framework to Support Decision Making Process: Enterprise Architecture Approach
A university is expected to continue to develop through various periods of change and innovation to remain at the forefront in the field of information technology, and always produce graduates who are ready to apply and have quality. A university's commitment to quality, has pushed to implement a quality management system to maintain the overall education program that has been built. With strategic planning and university business management processes, designing an Enterprise Architecture (EA) as an architectural basic for providing data for the analysis of university management conditions using big data technology and data analytics is the answer. So that information can support rapid decision-making process in business management. This study uses the Value Chain method to analyze business processes, and the Zachman Framework approach to detail the needs of enterprise architecture, with the highest goal of this research is to produce Enterprise Architecture design and management blueprints. |
39208410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:28:46.992Z | 1987-02-15T00:00:00.000Z | Nasally administered buserelin inducing complete remission of lung metastases in male breast Cancer
A 60‐year‐old man with bilateral lung metastases from breast cancer was treated with the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue, buserelin, given as an intranasal spray. Androgen deprivation and complete remission of lung metastases were achieved with minimal side effects. Androgen deprivation by means of nasally administered buserelin offers an easy and efficient alternate approach in the treatment of metastatic male breast cancer. Cancer 59:688‐689, 1987. |
37258210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:57:51.532Z | 1981-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | New state fertility-related laws dropped sharply in 1980 to lowest total since 1972.
State legislatures enacted less fertility-related legislation in 1980 than in any year since 1972. 28 new laws were passed in 1980, compared to 61 in 1979. The drop in new laws was caused by a lack of abortion legislation. From 1973, when the Supreme Court legalized abortion, through 1980, states have passed a total of 191 abortion-related laws covering abortion, from the aspect of informed consent to protection of the fetus to Medicaid funding. Abortion dominated the field in 1980's legislation also. There was no legislation dealing with the problems of teen pregnancy. California voted to authorize minors over 12 to consent to hospital, surgical, and medical care for the diagnosis and treatment of venereal diseases and specified that the minor's parents will not be liable for expenses. There was no initiative by state legislatures in sex education. Only Maryland, New Jersey, Kentucky, and the District of Columbia require schools to offer sex education. The number of new laws pertaining to insurance coverage of fertility related medical services doubled from 1979 to 1980. In 1980, Alabama, Idaho, Oklahoma, and Tennessee joined the list of states requesting Congress to call a constitutional convention to propose an antiabortion amendment. Alabama, Idaho, and Oklahoma seek an amendment to outlaw abortion except to save a woman's life.
|
26039510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:51:09.237Z | 1992-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Determination of the minimal length DNA homologous region required for plasmid integration into the Bacillus subtilis chromosome via homologous recombination].
With a view to determine a minimal sequence length of homology necessary for RecE-dependent homologous recombination in Bacillus subtilis cells, we developed a system, based on interaction between plasmid replicon and bacterial chromosome. Recombination frequencies were measured between ts plasmid pE194 derivatives carrying chromosomal beta-glucuronidase gene (bglS) fragments of various length, and a bacterial chromosome. The homologous recombination events resulted in bglS gene disruption. Approx. 70 bp of homology were found to be necessary for detectable homologous recombination. Homologous recombination was not detected when homology was equal 25 bp. These data indicate that homology requirement for recombination in B. subtilis differs from that in Escherichia coli. |
207948510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-14T14:12:18.286Z | 2019-11-06T00:00:00.000Z | Greater Occipital Nerve Block as a Tool to Diagnose Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Before Epidural Blood Patch: A Case Report.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) has been increasingly characterized in recent years. A definitive diagnostic algorithm remains controversial because several symptoms are often found to be nonspecific. When neuroimaging fails to identify a cerebrospinal fluid leak and symptoms are atypical, an epidural blood patch (EBP) may be performed but not without risks. Our case shows how greater occipital nerve block (GONB) can expedite SIH diagnosis in a man with atypical presentation by reducing the sensory input from the posterior cranial fossa. The relief provided by GONB allowed to diagnose SIH promptly and the patient underwent a curative EBP. |
166696410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-03-27T18:11:09.000Z | 1998-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Developing Cereal-Based Demand for Fertilizer among Smallholders in Southern Africa: Lessons Learned and Implications for Other African Regions
In much of Sub-Saharan Africa, demand for fertilizer was developed based on “cash-crop” systems, usually based on non-cereal export crops — cotton, tea, coffee, fruits, vegetables, and tobacco. In these systems, there is credit for fertilizer and profitable and stable outlets for the product for both smalland large-scale farmers. Non-cereal crops, however, occupy only a small share of land compared to cereals in most African countries, and are thus not motors for broad increases in fertilizer use to raise smallholder productivity and food security. Moreover, the Green Revolution in Asia was due in large part to intensification of cereal rather than export crops. To date, however, only a few countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and more recently Ethiopia) have developed national programs to promote fertilizer use on smallholders’ cereal fields. |
45181010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:59:40.913Z | 1971-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | The response of lung tissue and surfactant to nitrogen dioxide exposure.
A control group of rats was exposed to filtered air and an experimental group to nitrogen dioxide levels of 15 ppm. Surface tension-area curves were recorded from fresh lung washings of excised lungs. Total phospholipid and lecithin concentrations were determined as an index of surfactant quantity, and an analysis of the surface tension-area curves was made by computer techniques. Total phospholipid and lecithin concentrations from the experimental animals were significantly higher, but the percentage contributed by lecithin was nearly identical for both groups. Nitrogen dioxide exposure at this level appears to alter the properties of surfactant demonstrated on surface tension balance, since higher trough concentrations of the experimental wash produced nearly normal surface tension-area loops. Changing surface tension properties of surfactant may be important in nitrogen dioxide-induced pulmonary injury. |
13199010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-04-07T00:00:00.000Z | 2012-10-15T00:00:00.000Z | LêbrailleTWT: providing visual accessibility to twitter on touchscreen devices
The increasing use of social networks via touch screen interfaces on smartphones and tablets has brought enormous benefits to the mobile applications usability. However, access to information via these devices represents a new challenge of interaction for users with visual impairments. In this context, this paper describes a study on the issue of visual accessibility in virtual social networks, specifically on Twitter. Moreover, we have developed a mobile application to access Twitter via touch screen smartphones using the Android platform. This application provides access to blind people with audio feedback and a writing tool based on Braille. The mobile application presents itself as a solution to facilitate the interaction of the visually impaired users in this social network. In this paper, we also describe a study of use of the application with a group of blind people. |
3615310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:35:20.080Z | 1980-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Physiological effects of gentian violet on broiler chickens.
The effects of dietary gentian violet upon certain physiological parameters of broiler chickens were studied. Gentian violet exhibited no effect upon growth rates or feed conversion ratios at dietary levels of 16, 32, or 64 micrograms/g. In vitro intestinal absorption of methionine and glucose was also unaltered. Dietary gentian violet significantly increased hemoglobin concentration without an effect on packed cell volume. Furthermore, commercial gentian violet containing preparations, when incorporated into the diet, resulted in increased intestinal absorption of Fe59 but this increase was dependent upon type of inert carrier used. Dietary gentian violet alleviated some of the growth suppression caused by dietary aflatoxin; however, no effect was observed on plasma pigmentation. These data suggest that dietary gentian violet possesses effects other than those for which it has been traditionally employed. |
227063260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-11-19T09:11:54.523Z | 2020-10-18T00:00:00.000Z | Grid-Connected Hybrid Wind-Solar Farm Hourly Dispatching with Battery and Supercapacitor Energy Storage
The hybrid utilization of photovoltaic and wind turbine, known as the wind-solar hybrid power system (WSHPS), is one of the most promising renewable energy technologies for satisfying the power load demand, since they have complementary energy generation profiles and reduced capacity for energy storage. This paper demonstrates a successful dispatching scheme of the WSHPS for a one-hour dispatching period for an entire day using battery and supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Frequency management technique is utilized to increase the longevity of the batteries through comprehensively utilizing the high power density property of supercapacitors and the high energy density property of batteries in the HESS scheme. Several control algorithms based on the battery state of charge are developed to achieve accurate estimation of the grid reference power for each one-hour dispatching period that helps to minimize the energy storage cost, in addition to ensuring the energy storage system with sufficient capacity to be available for next-day operation. This study also presents an economic comparison to investigate the impact of using different kinds of energy storage systems for hourly dispatching the power of the WSHPS. The simulation results show that HESS outperforms battery-only or supercapacitor-only operation. |
162386760 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-24T13:08:02.664Z | 2007-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Gothic Arches, Latin Crosses: Anti-Catholicism and American Church Designs in the Nineteenth Century . By Ryan K. Smith. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006. xiv + 225 pp. $55.00 cloth; $19.95 paper.
ical content of Eddy's thought and of Christian Science, Gottschalk has consistently maintained in his writings that Eddy is a Christian thinker and that Christian Science is indeed Christian, but it is neither Catholic nor Protestant. In the concluding "Coda: The Prophetic Voice," Gottschalk characterizes Eddy as a religious thinker whose "sense of speaking in the prophetic voice remains a basic fact of her biography" (415). He is not shy about revealing that he finds Mary Baker Eddy's theological insights compelling. Nor is he reluctant in previous chapters to acknowledge some of her "frailties" and the complexity of her relationships. But, he is not out to make converts to Christian Science, or at least not from what I can tell. He is concerned to suggest how Eddy's antimaterialist stance has cogency for the broader culture, and he confesses a reluctance to leave her insights in the nineteenth century. He believes that she has something powerful to say to a world that he experiences as becoming ever more bleakly cynical about what lies ahead for the planet and for humankind. Gottschalk's study of Mary Baker Eddy is a provocative blend of intellectual history, theological analysis, cultural interpretation, and religious conviction. For multiple reasons, Eddy is a challenging person to interpret. Rolling Away the Stone is a major contribution to this effort, and I will miss Gottschalk's trustworthy perspectives in the future. |
136068610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-28T13:14:16.063Z | 2014-03-19T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of saliva contamination on shear bond strength and microleakage of one-bottle etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives: scanning electron and confocal laser microscopic analyses
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on shear bond strength, microleakage, and microstructure of the adhesive interface in two different adhesive systems by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM). Materials and methods: Randomly, 228 third molars were allocated to six groups for an etch-and-rinse adhesive One-Step Plus (Bisco Inc.) and a self-etch adhesive G Bond (GC Corp.): Group 1 – manufacturer’s instructions were followed; Group 2 – involved contamination and drying before adhesive application; Group 3 – involved contamination, washing, and blot drying before adhesive application; Group 4 – involved contamination, etching, washing, and blot drying before adhesive application; Group 5 – involved contamination and drying after adhesive application, followed by adhesive reapplication; Group 6 – involved contamination and washing after adhesive application, followed by adhesive reapplication. Shear bond strength was tested after specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. Specimens were evaluated under a stereomicroscope for microleakage. Dentin–resin interfaces were evaluated by SEM and CLSM. Results: Group 2 for One-Step Plus and Group 3 for G Bond showed significantly lower bond strengths than control groups. Microleakage values were significantly greater at dentin than at enamel margins for all groups. In Group 2, for both adhesive systems, the highest microleakage was observed at dentin margins. Further, dentin–adhesive interfaces were not uniform and gaps were found by SEM and CLSM. Conclusions: The SEM and CLSM images demonstrated high variability of dentin–resin interfaces among saliva-contaminated groups. Rinsing the saliva and re-applying adhesive might be the best way to reduce the effect of saliva contamination on bond strength and microleakage. |
96251410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-05T03:38:04.299Z | 2004-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Some experimental parameters for the red-emission band of Egyptian muldan
Thermoluminescence (TL) of the red-emission band obtained from natural muldan feldspar has shown two main peaks at around 160 and 270 °C, with thermal activation energies of 0.33 and 1.05 eV, respectively. The laboratory-induced TL peaks at 140 °C, 190 °C, 285 °C and 365 °C have thermal activation energies of 0.27, 0.45, 1.14 and 1.22 eV, respectively. The TL sensitivity of this band was enhanced to ∼10 times the original value when muldan was subject to pre-heating treatment at 1000 °C for 2 h. The TL fading effect was explained by tunneling recombination. The disordered aliquots showed no fading when post-irradiation annealed at 100 °C. |
121618210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-19T13:07:55.259Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Phase-space tomography for characterization of rotationally symmetric beams
The experimental measurement of light field correlations is a difficult problem because, even in the monochromatic scalar case, the spatial coherence state of light is described by four-dimensional functions. Additional information about the field symmetry or coherence state allows reduction of the complexity of the problem. Here, we present a simplified coherence-agnostic phase-space tomography method for the experimental characterization of the widely used class of rotationally symmetric beams, which includes as a particular case partially coherent vortices. It is based on the reconstruction of the beam ambiguity function from the intensity distributions measured in the antisymmetric fractional Fourier transform domains. The experimental data can be acquired using an optical setup consisting of four cylindrical lenses and a digital camera located in fixed positions. The feasibility of the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated. |
14524710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2007-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation
In a classic paper, Schelling (1971) showed that extreme segregation can arise from social interactions in white preferences: once the minority share in a neighborhood exceeds a critical "tipping point," all the whites leave. We use regression discontinuity methods and Census tract data from 1970 through 2000 to test for discontinuities in the dynamics of neighborhood racial composition. White population flows exhibit tipping-like behavior in most cities, with a distribution of tipping points ranging from 5% to 20% minority share. The estimated discontinuities are robust to controls for a wide variety of neighborhood characteristics, and are as strong in the suburbs as in tracts close to high-minority neighborhoods, ruling out the main alternative explanations for apparent tipping behavior. In contrast to white population flows, there is no systematic evidence that rents or housing prices exhibit non-linearities around the tipping point. Finally, we relate the location of the estimated tipping points in different cities to measures of the racial attitudes of whites, and find that cities with more tolerant whites have higher tipping points. |
23797460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:20:17.196Z | 2015-05-04T00:00:00.000Z | Early-life adversity programs emotional functions and the neuroendocrine stress system: the contribution of nutrition, metabolic hormones and epigenetic mechanisms*
Abstract Clinical and pre-clinical studies have shown that early-life adversities, such as abuse or neglect, can increase the vulnerability to develop psychopathologies and cognitive decline later in life. Remarkably, the lasting consequences of stress during this sensitive period on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and emotional function closely resemble the long-term effects of early malnutrition and suggest a possible common pathway mediating these effects. During early-life, brain development is affected by both exogenous factors, like nutrition and maternal care as well as by endogenous modulators including stress hormones. These elements, while mostly considered for their independent actions, clearly do not act alone but rather in a synergistic manner. In order to better understand how the programming by early-life stress takes place, it is important to gain further insight into the exact interplay of these key elements, the possible common pathways as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate their effects. We here review evidence that exposure to both early-life stress and early-life under-/malnutrition similarly lead to life-long alterations on the neuroendocrine stress system and modify emotional functions. We further discuss how the different key elements of the early-life environment interact and affect one another and next suggest a possible role for the early-life adversity induced alterations in metabolic hormones and nutrient availability in shaping later stress responses and emotional function throughout life, possibly via epigenetic mechanisms. Such knowledge will help to develop intervention strategies, which gives the advantage of viewing the synergistic action of a more complete set of changes induced by early-life adversity. |
236398910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-07-27T00:06:05.087Z | 2021-05-20T00:00:00.000Z | Heterogeneity between core needle biopsy and synchronous axillary lymph node metastases in early breast cancer patients: Comparison of HER2, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression profiles during primary treatment regime.
e12565 Background: Therapeutic decisions for the primary treatment of breast cancer is commonly based on the expression profiles of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptors. However, breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease, and receptor changes were manifold reported during progression. Little is known about receptor discordance in the primary setting. Here, we compared receptor expression profiles between core needle biopsy (CNB) of the breast tumor tissue and synchronous axillary lymph node metastases (LNM) not at recurrence, but at the primary treatment. Methods: In a German single center study, we retrospectively analyzed 175 breast cancer patients with axillary synchronous LNM. 69,7% of our patients were without any upfront therapy. Profiles of ER, PR and HER2 were immunohistochemically analyzed using the common cut-off at 10% positive tumor cells vs. the controversially discussed low-positive cut-off at 1%. Receptor status was compared between CNB specimens of the primary tumor tissue and axillary LNM. Further, clinicopathological characteristics were correlated to receptor changes. Results: The discordance rates between CNB and axillary LNM were 12.7% for HER2, 6.9% for ER and 22.6% for PR using the ≥1% cut-off, respective 7.5% for ER and 25.6% for PR when using the ≥10% cut-off-level. The most frequently occurring change was a PR loss. Analysis of clinical parameters revealed a significant association of ER change between CNB and LNM in younger patients (p < 0.01) with increased proliferation marker Ki-67 (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Receptor discordance between CNB and synchronous axillary LNM appears to exist at the primary setting already. Hence, receptor profiles of the tumor tissue and the synchronous axillary LNM should be considered for treatment decision. |
22614910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:15:38.435Z | 2006-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Flexibility and constraint in the nucleosome core landscape of Caenorhabditis elegans chromatin.
Nucleosome positions within the chromatin landscape are known to serve as a major determinant of DNA accessibility to transcription factors and other interacting components. To delineate nucleosomal patterns in a model genetic organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, we have carried out a genome-wide analysis in which DNA fragments corresponding to nucleosome cores were liberated using an enzyme (micrococcal nuclease) with a strong preference for cleavage in non-nucleosomal regions. Sequence analysis of 284,091 putative nucleosome cores obtained in this manner from a mixed-stage population of C. elegans reveals a combined picture of flexibility and constraint in nucleosome positioning. As has previously been observed in studies of individual loci in diverse biological systems, we observe areas in the genome where nucleosomes can adopt a wide variety of positions in a given region, areas with little or no nucleosome coverage, and areas where nucleosomes reproducibly adopt a specific positional pattern. In addition to illuminating numerous aspects of chromatin structure for C. elegans, this analysis provides a reference from which to begin an investigation of relationships between the nucleosomal pattern, chromosomal architecture, and lineage-based gene activity on a genome-wide scale. |
24346960 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-19T01:38:53.285Z | 2016-05-23T00:00:00.000Z | An error rate model of relay communications with lossy forwarding and joint decoding
This paper presents a link quality model for a wireless communication system with distributed turbo coding and lossy forwarding. The model maps the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of packet copies received from different links to a mutual information parameter and, in a second stage, converts it to a block error rate. We present the design and foundation of the model and validate its accuracy for different modulation and coding schemes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The model accurately predicts the link-level performance at a low computational complexity and can be therefore used as an physical layer (PHY) abstraction for the computationally-intensive, simulation-based performance evaluation of various functionalities at higher protocol layers or at the system level. In order to illustrate the usage of the proposed model, we show the integration of the model into a protocol level simulator assessing the performance improvements of lossy forwarding and joint decoding. |
235599310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-06-23T13:20:35.940Z | 2021-04-22T00:00:00.000Z | A High Linearity Process Angle Interference Resistant Multi-phase Output Digital Control Oscillator with Negative Feedback
In this paper, we have proposed a high linearity process angle interference resistant multi-phase output digital control oscillator with negative feedback. The proposed digital control oscillator uses negative feedback structure to improve the output frequency linearity and resist process angle interference, while this paper optimizes and designs the circuit for the digital control current source differential cross-coupling structure basic delay unit, negative feedback structure. The DCO mentioned has beenimplemented in standard 130nm CMOS. The DCO designed in this paper has 8-phase output with frequency tuning in the range of 0.2 GHz-2.5 GHz and gain in the range of 2.14 MHz/LSB-5.5 MHz/LSB, with good linearity. At 1.5 GHz, the process leads to a frequency jitter size of only 6.6%, which has the property of resistance to process corner interference. The cycle integration jitter is 2.79ps, and the power consumption is 1.65mW. |
596510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-18T13:35:37.217Z | 1969-12-31T00:00:00.000Z | Worker life tables, survivorship, and longevity in colonies of Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratus (Hymenoptera: Apidae).
Survivorship curves and longevity of workers were studied in two queenright and two queenless colonies of Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratus. Survivorship curves for workers of all colonies were, in general, convex, indicating an increasing mortality rate with increasing age. The mean longevity for the workers from queenright colonies, 24.3 days and 17.6 days, was not significantly different from that in queenless colonies, 21.2 days and 20.2 days. In all colonies workers started foraging activities when aged 0-5 days, and the potential forager rates rose progressively with increasing age. Mortality rates within each age interval were significantly correlated with the foraging worker rates in all colonies. Only in two of the colonies (one queenright and one queenless) longevity was significantly correlated with worker size. The duration of brood development period seems to be one of the most important factors influencing adult worker longevity in bumble bee species. |
111340360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:08:08.095Z | 2009-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Two highly accurate methods for pitch calibration
Among profiles, helix and tooth thickness pitch is one of the most important parameters of an involute gear measurement evaluation. In principle, coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and CNC-controlled gear measuring machines as a variant of a CMM are suited for these kinds of gear measurements. Now the Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) and the German national metrology institute the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) have each developed independently highly accurate pitch calibration methods applicable to CMM or gear measuring machines. Both calibration methods are based on the so-called closure technique which allows the separation of the systematic errors of the measurement device and the errors of the gear. For the verification of both calibration methods, NMIJ/AIST and PTB performed measurements on a specially designed pitch artifact. The comparison of the results shows that both methods can be used for highly accurate calibrations of pitch standards. |
154810 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-07-31T19:03:10.649Z | 2015-03-30T00:00:00.000Z | Does manual therapy provide additional benefit to breathing retraining in the management of dysfunctional breathing? A randomised controlled trial
Abstract Purpose: Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is associated with an abnormal breathing pattern, unexplained breathlessness and significant patient morbidity. Treatment involves breathing retraining through respiratory physiotherapy. Recently, manual therapy (MT) has also been used, but no evidence exists to validate its use. This study sought to investigate whether MT produces additional benefit when compared with breathing retraining alone in patients with DB. Methods: Sixty subjects with primary DB were randomised into either breathing retraining (standard treatment; n = 30) or breathing retraining plus MT (intervention; n = 30) group. Both the groups received standardised respiratory physiotherapy, which included: DB education, breathing retraining, home regimen, and audio disc. Intervention group subjects additionally received MT following further assessment. Data from 57 subjects were analysed. Results: At baseline, standard treatment group subjects were statistically younger (41.7 + 13.5 versus 50.8 + 13.0 years; p = 0.001) with higher Nijmegen scores (38.6 + 9.5 versus 31.5 + 6.9; p = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the groups for primary outcome Nijmegen score (95% CI (−1.1, 6.6) p = 0.162), or any secondary outcomes (Hospital Anxiety & Depression Score, spirometry or exercise tolerance). Conclusion: Breathing retraining is currently the mainstay of treatment for patients with DB. The results of this study suggest MT provides no additional benefit in this patient group. Implications for Rehabilitation Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is associated with significant patient morbidity but often goes unrecognised, leading to prolonged investigation and significant use of health care resources. Breathing retraining remains the primary management of this condition. However, physiotherapists are also using manual therapy (MT) as an adjunctive treatment for patients with DB. However, the results of this study suggest that MT provides no further benefit and cannot be recommended in the clinical management of this condition. |
24766560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:08:15.718Z | 2011-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Periodontal and prosthetic biologic considerations to restore biological width in posterior teeth.
The biologic width is an essential dental space that always needs to be maintained to ensure periodontal health in any dental prosthetic restorations. An iatrogenic partial fixed prosthesis constructed in lower posterior teeth predisposed the development of subgingival caries, which induced violation of the biologic width in involved teeth, resulting in an uncontrolled inflammatory process and periodontal tissue destruction. This clinical report describes a periodontal surgical technique to recover a violated biologic width in lower posterior teeth, by crown lengthening procedure associated with free gingival graft procedure, to ensure the possibility to place a modified partial fixed prosthesis in treated area. The procedure applied to recover the biologic width was crown lengthening with some modifications, associated with modified partial fixed prosthesis to achieve health in treated area. The modified techniques in both surgical and prosthetic procedures were applied to compensate the contraindications to recover biologic width by osteotomy in lower posterior teeth. The result, after 4 years under periodic control, seems to achieve the projected goal. Treating a dental diseased area is necessary to diagnose, eliminate, or control all etiologic factors involved in the process. When the traditional methods are not effective to recover destructed tissues, an alternative, compensatory, and adaptive procedure may be applied to restore the sequelae of the disease, applying a restorative method that respects the biology of involved tissues. |
15807970 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1998-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | WORKED EXAMPLE OF EVOLUTION THROUGH INFLATION
I present a specific worked example of evolution through inflation to the initial conditions for an isocurvature CDM model for structure formation. The model invokes three scalar fields, one that drives power law inflation, one that survives to become the present-day CDM, and one that gives the CDM field a mass that slowly decreases during inflation and so “tilts” the primeval mass fluctuation spectrum of the CDM. The functional forms for the potentials and the parameter values that lead to an observationally acceptable model for structure formation do not seem to be out of line with current ideas about the physics of the very early universe. I argue in an accompanying paper that the model offers an acceptable fit to main observational constraints. Subject headings: cosmology: theory — cosmology: large-scale structure of universe — galaxies: formation |
240761220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-08-19T19:57:58.729Z | 2022-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Significant Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care in Hospitals Affecting the First Pillar of the HIV Care Continuum
During COVID-19 lockdown, the in-hospital number of HIV indicator conditions decreased disproportionally compared with other non–COVID-19 diseases, which was accompanied by reduced HIV testing rates, number and proportion of positive HIV tests, and new HIV referrals, with more late presentation after lockdown cessation, indicating a significantly impacted HIV care continuum. |
245495070 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-12-27T06:17:39.565Z | 2021-12-25T00:00:00.000Z | Experience of pharmacy involvement in a disaster simulation exercise within a pediatric hospital emergency department: A pilot project.
DISCLAIMER
AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.
PURPOSE
In this descriptive report, we describe a unique trial of pharmacist participation in a multidisciplinary pediatric emergency department disaster simulation exercise. With the number of disasters increasing worldwide, the role of pharmacists in disaster response is of particular interest to the profession.
SUMMARY
This observational study describes pharmacist participation in a disaster simulation exercise. An evaluation tool was developed to assess participants' performance in the following domains: communication, pharmacotherapy, problem solving/decision making, and teamwork/organization. The observers used a rating scale of "concise/prompt," "needs improvement," or "not done" to evaluate performance on each objective. The participants' self-perceived knowledge of disaster response was assessed with pre- and postsimulation surveys using Likert scales. Five simulation exercises were held from June to October 2019, with 2 pharmacists participating in each simulation. Within the problem solving/decision making and communication domains, pharmacists were concise/prompt 66% of the time, while they were concise/prompt for 88.8% and 92.5% of tasks in the teamwork/organization and pharmacotherapy domains, respectively. Surveys of self-perceived knowledge revealed that while only 10% of pharmacists felt "moderately prepared" prior to the simulation exercise, 80% of pharmacists felt moderately prepared to care for patients during a disaster event after the simulation exercise.
CONCLUSION
This report describes a unique approach of including emergency department-trained pharmacists in disaster simulation exercises to enhance their professional development, improve team dynamics in a mass casualty scenario, and increase their own reported level of preparedness to effectively manage a surge in critically ill pediatric patients. |
234358870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-12-08T02:00:43.657Z | 2020-12-05T00:00:00.000Z | Learn to Predict Vertical Track Irregularity with Extremely Imbalanced Data
Railway systems require regular manual maintenance, a large part of which is dedicated to inspecting track deformation. Such deformation might severely impact trains’ runtime security, whereas such inspections remain costly for both finance and human resources. Therefore, a more precise and efficient approach to detect railway track deformation is in urgent need. In this paper, we showcase an application framework for predicting vertical track irregularity, based on a real-world, large-scale dataset produced by several operating railways in China. We have conducted extensive experiments on various machine learning & ensemble learning algorithms in an effort to maximize the model’s capability in capturing any irregularity. We also proposed a novel approach for handling imbalanced data in multivariate time series prediction tasks with adaptive data sampling and penalized loss. Such an approach has proven to reduce models’ sensitivity to the imbalanced target domain, thus improving its performance in predicting rare extreme values. |
17102470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-06T02:12:09.513Z | 1993-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates.
1. A new method has been developed for measuring the total antioxidant capacity of body fluids and drug solutions, based on the absorbance of the ABTS.+ radical cation. 2. An automated method for use on a centrifugal analyser, as well as a manual method, is described. 3. The procedure has been applied to physiological antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging drugs, and an antioxidant ranking was established based on their reactivity relative to a 1.0 mmol/l Trolox standard. 4. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of plasma from an adult reference population has been measured, and the method optimized and validated. 5. The method has been applied to investigate the total plasma antioxidant capacity of neonates and how this may be compromised in prematurity. |
240841920 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-09-17T03:07:39.382Z | 2019-09-07T00:00:00.000Z | TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN TAX SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
The controversial issues of a new approach to solving the problem of transformation of the tax system of the Russian Federation in the context of establishment of the digital economy have been considered. The problems of converting the tax system of the Russian Federation in digital reality and search for approaches to their solution have been identified. The methods of systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, as well as abstraction and generalization have been used. Due to the use of modern business models, carrying- out business activities without registration and the actual presence in the country, tax risks of tax evasion are increasing. The conclusions have been made about the need to identify new emerging economic relations and their legal consolidation, development and implementation of effective tax policy, and on its basis the transformation of the tax system. |
26585970 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:47:51.713Z | 1974-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | XXVI. Medical ethics and the architecture of clinical research
Before World War II, most of the activities called medical research were performed in laboratories, upon materials that were animals, inanimate objects, or substances derived from living people. During the past few decades, the scope and volume of clinical investigation have enlarged so that intact living people have been increasingly involved as the “material” of the research. The use of living people as the investigated subjects has heightened interest in medical ethics and expanded it to include specific attention to issues in medical research. The attention was particularly spurred in the past few years after Beecher3 in the United States and Pappworth25 in the United Kingdom presented prominent indictments of various “unethical” activities in clinical investigation. These indictments helped arouse concern and stimulate the various new standards, committees, and legislation that have subsequently been proposed as prophylaxis for undesirable ethical phenomena. |
135679870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-28T13:14:20.637Z | 2006-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of processing conditions on shrinkage and warpage and morphology of injection moulded parts using microcellular injection moulding
Abstract This research investigated the effects of processing conditions on the shrinkage and warpage (SW) behaviour of a box shaped, polypropylene part using conventional and microcellular injection moulding. Two sets of 26–1 fractional factorial design of experiments (DOE) were employed to perform the experiments and proper statistical theory was used to analyse the data. After the injection moulding process reached a steady state, moulded samples were collected and measured using an optical coordinate measuring machine (OCMM), which had been evaluated using a proper repeatability and reproducibility (RR) measurement study. By analysing the statistically significant main and two factor interactions, the results show that the supercritical fluid (SCF) content (nitrogen in this case, in terms of SCF dosage time) and the injection speed affect the SW of microcellular injection moulded parts most significantly, whereas hold pressure and hold time have the most significant effect on the SW of conventional injection moulded parts. Investigation of the cell morphology indicated that fine and dense cells are not critical for achieving excellent results regarding SW. Also, the present study quantitatively showed that, within the processing range studied, a reduction in the SW could be achieved using the microcellular injection moulding process. |
246363070 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-01-29T14:09:21.553Z | 2021-10-22T00:00:00.000Z | Vision Measurement for Levitation Gap of Magnetic Levitation Ball Based on Transfer Learning
In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning, convolutional neural network has been widely used in pattern recognition, target classification and other fields. This paper takes maglev system as the research object and proposes a new method for levitation clearance measurement, aiming at the phenomenon of under-fitting in the trained convolutional neural network when the training data is relatively small. This paper introduces the principle of migration learning, using the VGG16 network trained in the ImageNet competition which retains the weight and network architecture of the convolution part of VGG16 and reconstructing the fully connected network part by conducting training with the training set. The experimental results show that the suspension gap measurement achieved by transfer learning has high measuring precision and good measuring effect. In the training set, the maximum error of VGG16 network using transfer learning was 0.198mm and the average error was 0.066mm.In the test set, the maximum error was 0.198mm and the average error was 0.073mm.On the full data, the maximum clearance error is 0.198mm, and the average clearance error is 0.069mm. |
26071270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-05-07T17:54:00.722Z | 2018-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Fiber Bragg Grating-based monitoring and alert system for care of residents in nursing homes
This paper presents a novel Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)-based monitoring and alert system for care of residents in nursing homes. Using FBG to design Internet of Things (IoT) sensor devices, a tele-monitoring system was developed to monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, movement and bed exit of residents on beds. It is able to measure pulse rate and respiratory rate accurately with mean error below 1 beat per minute, detect sudden onset of high fever and unexpected bed exit during the nights which is crucial to maintain a high quality of care for residents. In cases where any of the patients' health condition deteriorates or abnormal behavior is detected, medical staffs will be notified immediately by the system which provides real time alert on each resident's condition through mobile devices such as mobile phones or tablets. The system also allows residents to alert the medical staffs their need for help through uniquely designed call buttons. |
24512270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:24:24.567Z | 1985-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Animal experiments of neuroma treatment with histoacryl].
A neuroma arises due to uncoordinated growth of axis cylinders in proliferated granulation tissue. An intact perineurial tube prevents further growth of the funiculi. Animal experiments were designed to close the perineurial tube such that it was impervious to water. Earlier experiments with purse string suture of the perineurial tube or closure with Histoacryl were not always successful. After severance of the sciatic nerve of the rat and shortening of the axons, the epineurial tube was plugged with Histoacryl blue and closed so that it was impervious to water. The preparations were checked optically and histologically. The results were promising, so that this technique was applied clinically. |
131970770 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-26T14:24:20.930Z | 2003-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Section 9: Optional Samples
After the first and main phase of FIRI, which focused on routinely measured materials, an optional series of samples were also made available to participating laboratories. This second list included archaeological samples, mammoth tusks, and modern cellulose. Not all samples were available in sufficient quantity for radiometric measurement (in particular, the mammoth tusks). The samples are briefly described in Table 9.1 below. |
233137120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-12-31T09:02:08.657Z | 2021-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Challenges and Opportunities for Data Science and Machine Learning in IoT Systems – A Timely Debate: Part 1
This position paper summarizes the main visions, opinions, and arguments of four experienced and well known researchers in the area of Internet of Things (IoT) and its relation to Data Science and Machine Learning (ML) as IoT permeates the globe and becomes “very large”. These visions were raised in an enthusiastic discussion panel held during the Third International Workshop on Very Large Internet of Things Systems (VLIoT 2019), in conjunction with VLDB 2019, in Los Angeles, USA. Each panelist delivered a vision statement before the floor was opened for questions and comments from the audience. Instead of reproducing ipsis literis each of the speeches, questions and replies, we decided to structure a two-part paper summarizing in-depth the panel opinions and discussions. In this first installment, we present the panelists' opening statements and views on issues related to IoT infrastructure and how it can support the growing demands for integrated intelligence, including communication, coordination and distribution challenges and how such challenges can be faced in the new generation of IoT systems. |
222028820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-07T13:10:28.710Z | 1976-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | CODE OF ETHICS
Chemotherapy with MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone) was started. This was initially successful, but new exacerbations of the disease occurred, with mainly abdominal manifestations, and the patient succumbed on May 21, 1973, ten months after the diagnosis was made. An autopsy confirmed the initial diagnosis. The pericardium, however, was smooth and shining, and there was no increase in pericardial fluid. The heart was of normal size, no infiltration or other changes were noted in the myocardium or endocardium and the coronary arteries were patent with minimal atheromatous changes. No tumour infiltration was found in the lungs or pleurae, and the mediastinal lymph nodes were not enlarged. |
12454820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:30:52.819Z | 2016-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | On the Permeation by Dioxygen of the Cofactor‐Independent Unusual Oxygenase RhCC, in Complex with Substrate 4‐Hydroxyphenylenolpyruvate. A Molecular Dynamics Investigation
This work deals with a trimeric bacterial protein, RhCC, which, although belonging to the tautomerase superfamily, shows oxygenase activity. A model of the complex from RhCC and substrate 4‐hydroxyphenylenolpyruvate (4HPP), fitting the observation of extra electron densities from X‐ray diffraction of the crystal, could be built by autodocking. When subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) aided by an external random force applied to a O2 molecule placed above 4HPP, this model evolved with O2 egressing toward the bulk solvent from two nearly opposite gates. These were located between the nearly parallel helices 75 – 91 and 15 – 33 of either chain C (gate SE) or chain B (gate FL). Alternatively, with four O2 molecules in the bulk solvent, unbiased MD led to O2 entering the protein from gate SE and getting to 4HPP, while forming a stabilizing salt bridge between the 4HPP carboxylate and P1.C +NH2, thus providing scientific ground for a refined model of the complex. |
163704370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-25T13:05:16.382Z | 2014-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Jacob S. Dorman Chosen People: The Rise of American Black Israelite Religions
Jacob Dorman’s work on Black Israelite religion contributes to a new set of recent books on richer notions of culture and specifically on the complex ways that African diasporic religious traditions have developed and changed over time and space. The term “Black Israelite” refers to African Americans who held the belief that the ancient Israelite people were black, though Dorman adds that his definition does not denote the color of the skin of those who hold the belief but is more about how they ascribe a certain racial identity to the ancient Israelites. This belief system also entails the claim that black people in the United States are descendants of the ancient (biblical) Israelites. These people have also been believers in the message and messianism of Jesus Christ. Dorman notes that these “faiths are better thought of as ever-evolving, kinetic polycultural assemblages than as reified ‘isms’” (4). The term “polycultural” carries a lot of weight in this work and requires some examination. It is here where Dorman makes his principal theoretical contribution to the study of African American religions. Taking on the groundbreaking studies of anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits, whose work on framing African cultural “retentions” in diasporic African traditions has exerted such a profound influence on debates in African American religious studies, Dorman rejects the concept of “syncretism,” which he regards as an essentialist model of culture that is reductive and lacks individual agency. He notes that Herskovits and others have posited an idea of culture that is wedded to a “set of rigid, predictable patterns” (16). Dorman critiques the various notions of cultural formation and reassemblage that are attached to this understanding of culture: survivals, Africanisms, and retentions. He astutely notes that Herskovits tended to think of cultural practices in concrete, materialistic terms as tangible in someways as physiological traits (in part because of Herskovits’s prior work in physical anthropology and his use of metaphors |
26576270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:47:14.072Z | 1987-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | The psychopharmacology of the human pineal
In many ways the pineal is an ideal endocrine gland for the biological psychiatrist. The gland is small, circumscribed and relatively homogeneous, so it can be studied either in tissue culture or in vivo. The results from such studies combine to give a well-characterized model for investigating noradrenergic neurotransmission. In the pineal as in the brain there is a noradrenaline uptake site, an autoreceptor which regulates noradrenaline release, and there are post-junctional β1 and α1-adrenoceptors. In the pineal as in the brain the β1 adrenoceptor is linked to adenylate cyclase and the α 1-adrenoceptor is coupled with phos phatidyl inositol (PI) turnover: both second messenger systems combine to influence mela tonin secretion. |
96828520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-06T00:45:13.360Z | 1996-11-30T00:00:00.000Z | Analysis and prediction of hydrogen bonding in protein‐DNA complexes using parallel processors
A number of essential biological functions are controlled by proteins that bind to specific sequences in genomic DNA. In this article we present a simplified model for analyzing DNA‐protein interactions mediated exclusively by hydrogen bonds. Based on this model, an optimized algorithm for geometric pattern recognition was developed. The large number of local energy minima are efficiently screened by using a geometric approach to pattern matching based on a square‐well potential. The second part of the algorithm represents a closed form solution for minimization based on a quadratic potential. A Monte Carlo method applied to a modified Lennard‐Jones potential is used as a third step to rank DNA sequences in terms of pattern matching. Using protein structures derived from four DNA‐protein complexes with three‐dimensional coordinates established by X‐ray diffraction analysis, all possible DNA sequences to which these proteins could bind were ranked in terms of binding energies. The algorithm predicts the correct DNA sequence when at least two hydrogen bonds per base pair are involved in binding to the protein, providing a partial solution to the three‐dimensional docking problem. This study lays a framework for future refinements of the algorithm in which the number of assumptions made in the present analysis are reduced. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
27100770 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:51:42.066Z | 2009-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Anterior segment anomalies of the eye, growth retardation associated with hypoplastic pituitary gland and endocrine abnormalities: Jung syndrome or a new syndrome?
We report on two children from an inbred Arab family with anterior segment anomalies of the eyes, growth retardation, associated with small pituitary gland, and endocrine abnormalities. The features in the sibs in this report are similar to those described in Peters‐plus syndrome. However, small pituitary gland associated with growth hormone deficiency has not been reported in Peters‐plus syndrome. In addition, sequencing of the B3GALTL gene, the gene implicated in Peters‐plus syndrome did not reveal any mutation in the sibs reported here. The association of anterior segment anomalies of the eye, growth retardation, and endocrine problems has previously been described by Jung et al. in 1995. We suggest that the features in the children in this report could represent variable manifestation of this syndrome or previously not described syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
2526170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:19:52.514Z | 2009-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Drug dependence and lack of psychological well-being: observational study].
AIM
The purposes of this study are: (1) to evaluate symptomatology and psychological well-being, according to Ryff's theoretical model, of two groups of drug dependent patients in residential structures compared with a control; (2) to explore the impact of dual diagnosis, pharmacological therapy, duration of stay in structures and previous therapeutic experience as indicators on symptomatology and psychological well-being.
METHODS
The sample is formed by 61 drug-dependent patients and 65 controls. Each subject completed two self-administered scales: Kellner's Symptom Questionnaire-SQ and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales-PWB. Differences in PWB and SQ mean scores between clinical and control subjects and within clinical group, for each specific variable, were analyzed using analysis of variance.
RESULTS
Clinical group had significantly lower levels of all six PWB dimensions and SQ scores compared to the controls. Dual diagnosis did not produce any significant effect on PWB and SQ general scores, except for the PWB dimension of positive social relations. Pharmacological therapy had a slightly significant effect only on PWB. No significant effects were found in terms of symptomatology and general well-being depending on duration of stay, except for purpose in life. Previous experience caused a significant result for psychological well-being, while no general effect on symptomatology was found.
DISCUSSION
We found that drug dependence is associated with high degree of symptomatology and the lack of positive psychological functioning in specific areas. Improving positive psychological functioning of this population could be a good way to intervene on specific problems which could interfere with treatment continuity. |
206642370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-10-26T03:31:20.546Z | 2016-02-12T00:00:00.000Z | The phenotypic legacy of admixture between modern humans and Neandertals
The legacy of human-Neandertal interbreeding Non-African humans are estimated to have inherited on average 1.5 to 4% of their genomes from Neandertals. However, how this genetic legacy affects human traits is unknown. Simonti et al. combined genotyping data with electronic health records. Individual Neandertal alleles were correlated with clinically relevant phenotypes in individuals of European descent. These archaic genetic variants were associated with medical conditions affecting the skin, the blood, and the risk of depression. Science, this issue p. 737 Genotype-phenotype association analysis of Neandertal alleles in modern humans identifies clinical effects. Many modern human genomes retain DNA inherited from interbreeding with archaic hominins, such as Neandertals, yet the influence of this admixture on human traits is largely unknown. We analyzed the contribution of common Neandertal variants to over 1000 electronic health record (EHR)–derived phenotypes in ~28,000 adults of European ancestry. We discovered and replicated associations of Neandertal alleles with neurological, psychiatric, immunological, and dermatological phenotypes. Neandertal alleles together explained a significant fraction of the variation in risk for depression and skin lesions resulting from sun exposure (actinic keratosis), and individual Neandertal alleles were significantly associated with specific human phenotypes, including hypercoagulation and tobacco use. Our results establish that archaic admixture influences disease risk in modern humans, provide hypotheses about the effects of hundreds of Neandertal haplotypes, and demonstrate the utility of EHR data in evolutionary analyses. |
216816120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-04-30T23:15:42.700Z | 2022-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Organizations with a Buddhist Ethos — A Path to Sustainability?
This paper investigates how organisations with a Buddhist ethos make sense of different institutional logics in pursuing sustainability. Interviews and documentary evidence from two not-for-profit and two forprofit organisations in Sri Lanka are analysed. The founders and current leaders of all organisations are found to play a key role in promoting a Buddhist ethos. A more spiritual, systemic, and holistic approach to sustainability was seen in the not-for-profit organisations. The for-profits tended towards a stronger entity focus, evidencing a more managerially-oriented approach with both substantive and symbolic actions. Core practices of the not-for-profit organisations were more aligned with sustainability and were predominantly influenced by a Buddhist logic, in tandem with a community logic. The for-profits manifested a combination of Buddhist, community, and business logics in their sustainability practices. Buddhist logic primarily linked with strategic decisions and community relations, whereas usiness logic influenced ethical business conforming to standards and regulations. Keywords: Buddhist ethos, for-profit organisations, not-for-profit organisations, Sri Lanka, sustainability |
213370620 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-01-02T21:11:37.263Z | 2019-12-20T00:00:00.000Z | Let's explore with a divided team! The effects of top management team demographic faultlines on technological exploration
Research on top management team (TMT) diversity suggests that diverse backgrounds improve technological exploration. However, this diversity may also cause demographic faultlines that break a team into subgroups and undermine team performance, and the status difference between CEO and top managers may change inter-subgroup dynamics. We predicted that TMT faultline had an inverted U-shape relationship with technological exploration. Further, we predicted that the effects of TMT faultline were more prominent when the CEO is in the minority subgroup than when the CEO was in the majority subgroup. Using a longitudinal sample from the US IT services industry, the results found that TMT faultline exhibited an inverted U-shape relationship with technological exploration only when the CEO was in the minority subgroup, and such relationship disappeared when the CEO was in the majority subgroup. |
29080970 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:23:20.891Z | 1983-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome and its response to diazepam.
We have observed two cases of chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS); both were transiently responsive to intravenous diazepam challenge, but not to blind placebo or amyobarbitol. The interrelationship, via feedback between central dopaminergic and gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) systems is reviewed. A theoretical role for a relative DA-GABA imbalance during NMS and treatment implications are discussed. |
24045320 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:56:23.841Z | 2015-11-15T00:00:00.000Z | Assessment and acceleration of binding energy calculations for protein–ligand complexes by the fragment molecular orbital method
In the field of drug discovery, it is important to accurately predict the binding affinities between target proteins and drug applicant molecules. Many of the computational methods available for evaluating binding affinities have adopted molecular mechanics‐based force fields, although they cannot fully describe protein–ligand interactions. A noteworthy computational method in development involves large‐scale electronic structure calculations. Fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method, which is one of such large‐scale calculation techniques, is applied in this study for calculating the binding energies between proteins and ligands. By testing the effects of specific FMO calculation conditions (including fragmentation size, basis sets, electron correlation, exchange‐correlation functionals, and solvation effects) on the binding energies of the FK506‐binding protein and 10 ligand complex molecule, we have found that the standard FMO calculation condition, FMO2‐MP2/6‐31G(d), is suitable for evaluating the protein–ligand interactions. The correlation coefficient between the binding energies calculated with this FMO calculation condition and experimental values is determined to be R = 0.77. Based on these results, we also propose a practical scheme for predicting binding affinities by combining the FMO method with the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model. The results of this combined method can be directly compared with experimental binding affinities. The FMO and QSAR combined scheme shows a higher correlation with experimental data (R = 0.91). Furthermore, we propose an acceleration scheme for the binding energy calculations using a multilayer FMO method focusing on the protein–ligand interaction distance. Our acceleration scheme, which uses FMO2‐HF/STO‐3G:MP2/6‐31G(d) at Rint = 7.0 Å, reduces computational costs, while maintaining accuracy in the evaluation of binding energy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
225367620 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-08-27T09:06:11.746Z | 2020-08-17T00:00:00.000Z | The Role of Sensor Based Insole as a Rehabilitation Tool in Improving Walking among the Patients with Lower Limb Arthroplasty: A Protocol for Systematic Review
Objectives: The purpose of this review protocol is to assess the role of sensor based insole in improving walking in patients with lower limb arthroplasty and to rule out the demand and advantage of sensor based insole in utilizing such types of problems at clinical setup. Methodology: A systematic review will be conducted by two independent reviewers who will search articles using electronic search for publications in seven databases: Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, JSTOR, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. After applying the selection criteria, study papers published between the years 2001 to 2019 will be selected. Studies of human participants of 45-75 years of age having history of lower limb arthroplasty will be Systematic Review Article Raghav et al.; AJMAH, 18(9): 22-27, 2020; Article no.AJMAH.60203 23 eligible. All the study papers will be analyzed using Modified Downs and Black scale and scores will be awarded for the items selected on a 27 point scale. Findings: The findings of this review will be disseminated through presentations and peerreviewed publication. The systematic review will direct the attention of the physiotherapists to assess and evaluate the patient’s walking pattern, as alterations in the biomechanics of joints of lower limb can produce far-reaching effects in the ideal or normal gait. The results of this review will provide evidence regarding changes in gait parameters in patients with lower limb arthroplasty and this information will be useful in planning for rehabilitation in improving walking of patients after lower limb arthroplasty. Novelty: Many studies have been carried on sensor insole technology for monitoring gait. However, there is scarcity of literature based on the systematic reviews on the use of smart sensor insole in improving walking among patients with lower limb arthroplasty. |
29965370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T15:48:17.726Z | 2010-11-11T00:00:00.000Z | Dynamic channel selection to reduce computational burden in seizure detection
Ambulatory physiological monitoring devices benefit patients, medical staff and hospitals by allowing patients to return home with the devices for monitoring. The main problem associated with designing such devices is that of power consumption. Wireless communications and complex processing are generally part of such devices and are power hungry components. These problems are magnified when dealing with EEG signals, with relatively high data rates, multiple channels, and advanced signal processing techniques required. This paper proposes a method to dynamically select EEG channels in the REACT seizure detection system based on information already available in the system, hence keeping any added computational complexity very low. Using the techniques computational effort can be reduced by up to 65% with no effect on the REACT seizure detection performance. |
414620 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | A NEW AND IMPROVED DESIGN FOR MULTI-OBJECT ITERATIVE AUCTIONS
In this paper we present a new improved design for multi-object auctions and report on the results of tests of that design. We merge the better features of two extant but very different auction processes, the Milgrom FCC design (see Milgrom (1995)) and the Adaptive User Selection Mechanism (AUSM) of Banks et al. (1989)). Then, by adding one crucial new feature, we are able to create a new design, the Resource Allocation Design (RAD) auction process, which performs better than both. We are able to demonstrate, in both simple and complex environments, that the RAD auction achieves higher efficiencies, lower bidder losses, and faster times to completion without increasing the complexity of a bidder’s problem. |
246774520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-02-12T16:13:32.266Z | 2022-02-09T00:00:00.000Z | The Social Mechanism of the Functioning of the Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Contemporary Russia
The work aims to study the institute of postgraduate studies as a complex social phenomenon. Object: the institute of postgraduate studies as a social phenomenon; subject: the social mechanism of functioning of the institute of postgraduate studies as a composite phenomenon. The paper examines all five elements of the social mechanism of the institute of postgraduate studies; thereby, we are attempting a comprehensive analysis of the behaviour of actors based on the socio-cultural basis and the regulatory framework. The management block provides an analysis of the main functions of the Higher Attestation Commission and determines its role in the functioning of the Institute of Postgraduate Studies. The status block provides a 3-level model of the involvement of various groups of students, scientific and pedagogical personnel and university employees in the institute of postgraduate studies. At the level of perception of postgraduate studies, the author determined its role in the formation of personnel for the labour market. At the level of perception of professional activity, the emphasis is on prestige and economic well-being. And at the level of perception of an academic degree in society, it is necessary to consider the social risks for the holder of an academic degree due to the stereotypes formed in society. The behavioural block provides a comprehensive analysis of the activities of all groups of actors at the three main stages of the postgraduate institute for applicants: educational, individual (plan) and dissertation. In the fifth block (consequences), the author considered the results of postgraduate institute reform in 2013. Finally, the author made disappointing conclusions about the reduction in the number of protections, the loss of prestige of postgraduate studies and the strengthening of barriers to the protection of graduate students. |
110638470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:10:37.796Z | 2003-03-08T00:00:00.000Z | W band technologies for data collection experiment of the DAVID mission
A transmission from coplanar to WR10 waveguide and a polarization chain, working in W band, were designed and measured. A very compact polarizer has been designed and simulated with full 3D electromagnetic software to work in the W band. A prototype has been built using the electroforming technique to evaluate its electrical performances. The coplanar to waveguide transition makes use of the classical 90/spl deg/ mounting schemes of the microstrip to waveguide transition permitting a fully hermetic transition to be realized in W band. A prototype constructed on alumina substrate and WR10 waveguide flange was simulated with a full 3D electromagnetic simulator. A back-to-back transition prototype was constructed and measured to verify the agreement with the simulated results. The results are also compared to those obtained from the commercial electromagnetic software CST microwave studio. |
252350370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-09-18T15:21:19.662Z | 2022-09-15T00:00:00.000Z | Close link between breast cancer & apoptosis
The mammary gland represents an unique model system to allow investigation of factors that underpin biological initiation of apoptotic processes and related signal transduction pathways. One advantage is that the mammary gland, unlike most other organs, has the capacity to go through many cycles of growth, differentiation and anatomical structural development. Indeed, the mammary gland has evolved highly efficient processes (that straddle both lactation and post-lactational phases) which regulate the balance between cell death and proliferation. This paper will discuss the molecular and cellular aspects of apoptosis in the mammary gland with a particular emphasis on the role of apoptosis in breast cancer development. |
75831470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-13T13:29:32.324Z | 2013-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | THU0303 The efficacy and safety of ibandronic acid for intravenous administration for treatment of severe systemic osteoporosis in patients with juvenile arthritis
Background Juvenile arthritis (JA) is one of the most common and disabling rheumatic disease in children. Severe manifestation of juvenile arthritis is a systemic osteoporosis. There is currently no developed approaches to the treatment of children with systemic osteoporosis. In adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis the first-line treatment drug for osteoporosis is bisphosphonates Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibandronic acid for intravenous administration for treatment of severe systemic osteoporosis in patients with juvenile arthritis. Methods The study included 25 patients with juvenile arthritis at the age of 7 to 17 years (10 girls, 15 boys), including 20 patients with systemic arthritis, 3 - with polyarthritis, 2 - with ankylosing spondylitis. The mean age was 12.5 (10.5, 14.0) years. Was allocated to 2 groups: 17 children treated with glucocorticoids (GC) and 8 - not receiving GC.Children of the first group had 12 vertebral fractures and patients of the 2-d group - 1. Ibandronic acid was administered intravenously at a dose of 3 mg every 12 weeks. Evaluation of treatment efficacy was conducted by a combined index of bone mineral density of tissue Z-score, assessing the patient/parent to the severity of pain on a visual analog scale, serum markers of bone resorption C-terminal telopeptide. Results The treatment of ibandronic acid in children of both groups increased the bone mineral density. In patients treated with GC, a statistically significant increase was registered in 76 weeks of therapy (p<0.01), while the second group of children - through 46 and 76 weeks (p<0.05). Within 6 months of treatment in both groups of ibandronic acid was a statistically significant reduction in pain index (p<0.05), after a year of treatment with this trend persisted (p<0.001). In both groups, reducing the concentration of C-terminal telopeptide in serum were detected through 52 weeks of reatment (p<0.05). After 76 weeks of treatment new vertebral fractures and fractures of the peripheral skeleton are not fixed. Tolerability of therapy ibandronic acid in patients was satisfactory. Conclusions In the course of the study has identified high efficacy and an acceptable tolerability ibandronic acid for treatment of severe systemic osteoporosis in patients with juvenile arthritis Disclosure of Interest None Declared |
7344770 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-03-19T23:44:59.000Z | 2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Comparative Advantage and Specialization in Bank Lending
We develop an empirical approach for identifying comparative advantages in bank lending. Using matched credit-export data from Peru, we first uncover patterns of bank specialization by export market: every country has a subset of banks with an abnormally large loan portfolio exposure to its exports. Using outliers to measure specialization, we use a revealed preference approach to show that bank specialization reflects a comparative advantage in lending. We show, in specifications that saturate all firm-time and bank-time variation, that firms that expand exports to a destination market tend to expand borrowing disproportionately more from banks specialized in that destination market. Bank comparative advantages increase with bank size in the cross section, and in the time series after mergers. Our results challenge the perceived view that, outside relationship lending, banks are perfectly substitutable sources of funding. |
48357420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2004-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | An Inter-Rater Reliability Analysis of Good's Program Summary Analysis Scheme
In computer science education and research into the psychology of programming, program summary analysis has been used to characterize mental models of novice and expert programmers and to measure learning outcome of programs and programming concepts. This paper reports an investigation where three raters used Good's program summary analysis scheme consisting of two independent classifications of program summary segments: information types and object description categories. The problems in using the scheme as well as differences between the raters were recorded and analyzed. The findings indicate that by improving the scheme and its documentation, most of the observed inter-rater differences can be avoided. The only open problem concerns making the distinction between descriptions of data and activities in cases where the specific words that are used, or the abstractness of expression may affect raters' interpretation of the information type. |
111006620 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:06:20.985Z | 1998-03-03T00:00:00.000Z | The effects of load models on power system stabilizers and static VAr compensators for the Taiwan power system
The major purpose of this paper is to study the effects of load models on the power system stabilizers and static VAr compensators for the Taiwan power system low-frequency oscillation studies. Frequency domain is used to estimate the impact of load models on the system dynamic performance with and without power system stabilizers and static VAr compensators during a low-frequency oscillation incident in the Taiwan power system. Time domain simulation results are utilized to confirm the validity of the various eigenvalue analysis results. The study results are presented in this paper. |
12460220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-10T19:27:21.868Z | 2006-12-11T00:00:00.000Z | High Frequency Modeling of a Converter with an RF-EMI Filter
Integrated transmission-line filters were previously proposed to attenuate conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) produced by high-frequency switching power converters. This paper investigates how a filter, fabricated using planar processing technologies, and power converters are modeled to accurately predict the EMI characteristics of the system. Experimental results are provided for the first time with a front-end single-phase power factor correction converter switching at 400 kHz. Simulated models are compared to the measured results where 20-50 dBmuB attenuation was realized between 100 kHz and 100 MHz |
46109120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:16:59.381Z | 1980-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factor antigen I in stool specimens by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect and quantitate the fimbrial colonization factor antigen (CFA/I) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in stool specimens obtained from adult cases of diarrhea in which CFA/I-positive E. coli was the known causative agent. The inhibition method, or blocking technique, was used. In this method, a standardized dilution of human anti-CFA/I serum was preincubated with dilutions of stool extract before transfer to CFA/I-coated microtiter plate wells, and then ELISA was performed with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin. CFA/I purified from E. coli strain H-10407 (O78:H11) was used. Acute-phase diarrheal stool specimens were found to contain approximately 3.0 mg of antigen (mean value) per g stool, whereas control (CFA/I-negative) specimens contained insignificant amounts (less than 0.03 mg/g) of antigen. Also, CFA/I was detected in culture fluids of CFA/I positive enterotoxigenic E. coli belonging to a variety of serotypes and was undetectable in similar preparations from P-strains (spontaneous CFA/I-negative derivatives) of the same test cultures. Equivalent results were obtained in ELISA tests by using bacterial cells taken from isolated colonies grown on CFA agar. These results indicate that the ELISA technique will be useful for the diagnosis of diarrhea caused by CFA/I-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli. |
144912320 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-05T13:04:08.300Z | 1987-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Changing Ladders and Musical Chairs: Ethnicity and Opportunity in Post-Industrial New York
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference on &dquo;Racial Minorities, Economic Restructuring and Urban Decline,&dquo; Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick. September 1985. Research for this article was funded, in part, by a grant from the CUNY Research Foundation. I am grateful to the editors of Politics & Society for their comments on a previous draft. IF New York City’s brush with fiscal insolvency in the mid-1970s signaled the end for the United States’ urban-industrial economies, its revival in the |
62698170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-14T14:19:16.123Z | 1993-08-18T00:00:00.000Z | The Magellan UNIX-based SAR processor
Through three cycles of radar data collection at Venus that ended in September 1992, the Magellan mission has collected radar image data covering over 99% of the Venusian planet surface. The data reduction process of deriving image data from radar signal data has been performed primarily on the Primary SAR Processor (PSP) at the Magellan Radar Data Processing Facility (MRDPF). The MRDPF is currently scheduled for de-commissioning in September 1993 after completing its third year of SAR data processing operations. The Magellan UNIX-based SAR Processor (USP) was developed with the objective of preserving Magellan data processing capability. The USP development was a clear departure from utilizing custom-built hardware for SAR processor implementation. It followed the current trend in SAR processor development in utilizing commercial concurrent processing technology and parallel computing machinery. The USP development is presented with discussions focused on algorithm enhancements made possible by the removal of hardware constraints and pertinent implementation considerations that affected throughput and image quality.<<ETX>> |
240827670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-01-09T09:11:37.892Z | 2019-12-10T00:00:00.000Z | Green Parking Lots for Energy plus Human Settlements
Energy is the basic need for any development programme. Growing energy demands are putting the non renewable energy sources at risk of extinction. One of the major energy consuming sector is automobiles, traffic in urban settlements. Now a days battery operated vehicles are on road for public and private transportation which are an alternative to conventional fuel vehicle systems of petrol, diesel, gas oil. But the issue of fuel or we can say charging the battery operated vehicles remains constant and a challenge for urban transportation systems. This paper is focused to design approach of such parking lots and road side parking slots which are not only space for vehicle parking but also charges the vehicle while it is parked. This kind of refueling system will use the idle time of the vehicle and will reduce the requirement of refueling stations. Such system will save the time of the car owner for waiting at refueling or charging station. The methodology of this approach consists of using the renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind energy and distributed energy generation systems so that such systems can be used in designing energy plus human settlements. The distributed energy generation system will reduce the need of major electric substations to handle the generated electricity.. |
13233370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2002-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Fast generation of order statistics
Generating a single order statistic without generating the full sample can be an important task for simulations. If the density and the CDF of the distribution are given, then it is no problem to compute the density of the order statistic. In the main theorem it is shown that the concavity properties of that density depend directly on the distribution itself. Especially for log-concave distributions, all order statistics have log-concave distributions themselves. So recently suggested automatic transformed density rejection algorithms can be used to generate single order statistics. This idea leads to very fast generators. For example for the normal and gamma distributions, the suggested new algorithms are between 10 and 60 times faster than the algorithms suggested in the literature. |
233778520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-05-07T00:04:41.940Z | 2021-02-28T00:00:00.000Z | COOPERATION IN THE PLAY ACTIVITIES OF OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND THE CONDITIONS FOR ITS FORMATION
Objective: to theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the pedagogical conditions for the formation of cooperation in children of senior preschool age through construction and constructive games. Methods: the complex diagnostic procedures included tasks designed by G.A. Uruntaeva, J.A. Avancini and focused on assessing the cognitive-communicative component of cooperation; G.A. Zuckerman focused on the assessment of behavioral and emotional components of interaction. Results: the research revealed that the majority of children of senior preschool age are assigned to the average level of cooperation (50% of children in the experimental group and 60% of the control group). We have identified the following features of cooperation between children aged 6-7 years. So, the cognitive component: children actively interact with adults and peers. They feel calm during communication, but they don't stay in game groups for long. They show a culture of communication episodically often when reminded by an adult. The process of nonverbal communication often prevails over verbal communication. Children gesticulate a lot, prefer to show, but not to explain. However, if necessary, children can readily explain. Behavioral component: children can negotiate, build their relationships, and are able to coordinate their actions, opinions, and attitudes with the needs of their fellow communicators at the very beginning of work, but in the process of work they forget about the contract and do not seek to continue the dialogue, so the result is different. At the same time, when evaluating the overall result, the responsibility is shifted to each other. Emotional component: children show little sensitivity, responsiveness, empathy for their communication partner. They can not sufficiently evaluate each other's emotional behavior: they hurry and shout, so the positive emotional sphere is not always favorable when interacting. Scientific novelty: in the article uses a complex of psychological and pedagogical methods to identify and characterize the dynamics and conditions for the formation of cooperation in older preschool children. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering the issues of the essence and trends in the formation of cooperation in older preschool children. |
5998270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:26:46.394Z | 1984-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Tape closure of skin wounds.
To the Editor.—The article by Stillman et al1regarding the advantages of staples over sutures in contaminated wounds also stated that skin tapes should be the preferred method of skin-wound closure. The authors stated that they were reluctant to use tapes routinely because of "variability in their adhesive properties." I have used the microporous tapes (3M Steristrips) since their introduction approximately 20 years ago, in thousands of cases, and can state with conviction that there is very little, if any, variability in their adhesiveness. I can find no statement of variability in adhesiveness of microporous tapes in the report by Edlich et al.2Differences in bacterial growth under cloth-backed tapes have been noted; however, the cloth-backed tapes have never been widely used or accepted. The variability is in the skill and knowledge of the operator using the tapes. While the technique is not particularly difficult, there are |
204865770 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-10-25T13:06:54.972Z | 2019-10-24T00:00:00.000Z | Functional Characterization of LIPA (Lysosomal Acid Lipase) Variants Associated With Coronary Artery Disease.
OBJECTIVE
LIPA (lysosomal acid lipase) mediates cholesteryl ester hydrolysis, and patients with rare loss-of-function mutations develop hypercholesterolemia and severe disease. Genome-wide association studies of coronary artery disease have identified several tightly linked, common intronic risk variants in LIPA which unexpectedly associate with increased mRNA expression. However, an exonic variant (rs1051338 resulting in T16P) in linkage with intronic variants lies in the signal peptide region and putatively disrupts trafficking. We sought to functionally investigate the net impact of this locus on LIPA and whether rs1051338 could disrupt LIPA processing and function to explain coronary artery disease risk. Approach and Results: In monocytes isolated from a large cohort of healthy individuals, we demonstrate both exonic and intronic risk variants are associated with increased LIPA enzyme activity coincident with the increased transcript levels. To functionally isolate the impact of rs1051338, we studied several in vitro overexpression systems and consistently observed no differences in LIPA expression, processing, activity, or secretion. Further, we characterized a second common exonic coding variant (rs1051339), which is predicted to alter LIPA signal peptide cleavage similarly to rs1051338, yet is not linked to intronic variants. rs1051339 also does not impact LIPA function in vitro and confers no coronary artery disease risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show that common LIPA exonic variants in the signal peptide are of minimal functional significance and suggest coronary artery disease risk is instead associated with increased LIPA function linked to intronic variants. Understanding the mechanisms and cell-specific contexts of LIPA function in the plaque is necessary to understand its association with cardiovascular risk. |
22314520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:11:49.038Z | 2000-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Ensuring patient satisfaction in medical groups.
Delivering satisfaction to patients has become increasingly important among professionals in the medical community. However, administrators in medical group practices charged with the task of nurturing customer satisfaction are often required to allocate their limited funds across an array of initiatives intended to ensure the delivery of the right amount and types of services to improve satisfaction among their customers. This requires the ability to locate areas that yield the greatest response per unit of investment. This paper shows that the impact of attribute performance on satisfaction is asymmetric. Positive attribute performance is shown to have a smaller impact on satisfaction than negative attribute performance. The paper also discusses how an understanding of this asymmetry will enable administrators to allocate their resources more wisely as they decide whether to maintain or increase attribute-level performance. |
38637470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:20:19.014Z | 1997-10-25T00:00:00.000Z | A pharmacophore model of tautomycin, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.
Over the last decade there has been a growing realization that phosphatases are extremely important in cellular and organismal functions1}. Tautomycin, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PP) 1 and 2A, was isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces spiroverticillatus in 19872). The structure that we established in 19903) showed some similarities with that of okadaic acid, and the target protein of okadaic acid had already been found to be protein phosphatase in 19884). Indeed, it was later found that the target proteins of tautomycin were also protein phosphatases5'6). However, this molecule is not a tumor promoter on mouseskin and in rat glandular stomach7). These differences in biological activities between tautomycin and the okadaic acid class tumor promoters are interesting topics in structural biology. The threedimensional structures of the related compoundacanthifolicin8) and the obromobenzyl ester derivative of |
195752120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-25T19:32:04.634Z | 2019-08-19T00:00:00.000Z | Development of Operand Desorption Gas Analysis System
The Support Laboratory of Nanofabrication of Yamaguchi University is a member of the Nanofabrication Platform Consortium in the Nanotechnology Platform Japan. Our laboratory features the desorption gas analysis of materials and devices based on the original vacuum technology in addition to the nanofabrication. In this paper, an operand desorption gas analysis system (apparatus for dynamic thermal desorption spectroscopy), which is one of our gas analysis systems, is explained. The advantage of this system is that it enables a desorption gas analysis of an operating device under an approximately atmospheric pressure (0.1 to 0.2 MPa) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in contrast to a sample placed in a vacuum in a conventional apparatus for thermal desorption spectroscopy. Moreover, two measurement examples (DC electric motor and solar cell) using this operand gas analysis system were described. In the DC motor, the main desorbed gas from the motor behaved similarly to the motor electric power with the occurrence of failure or stop caused by heating. In the solar cell, from the comparison of the temperature dependence between the open circuit voltage and the main desorbed gases from the solar cell, the temperature durability of the sealing part is confirmed to be related to the electron generation efficiency. |
210893520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-12-19T09:19:27.878Z | 2019-12-11T00:00:00.000Z | Recent Advances in the Straps/Strips Technique for Out-of-plane Strengthening of Load-bearing Masonry Walls
As is well known, the main contribution of the FRP strips to the strength of load-bearing walls is an improvement in the in-plane strength. This paper deals with the possibility of applying the FRP strips in way to modify the strengthening mechanism of the FRP reinforcing system, from an in-plane to an out-of-plane strengthening mechanism. In order to achieve this goal, a second reinforcement system – derived from the CAM system (Active Confinement of Masonry) – provides connections between the FRP strips placed on the opposite sides of the wall. This new strengthening technique – called the straps/strips technique – establishes a stiffness constraint that forces the opposing FRP strips to behave like two flanges of an FRP I-beam embedded in the wall. Consequently, the use of FRP strips also improves the flexural strength of the wall. The present paper briefly summarizes the results obtained in previous works with the straps/strips technique and proposes an improvement of this strengthening technique, based on some weak-points emerged in the early experimentations. The paper also shows the results of a further experimental test, performed with the improved straps/strips technique. Finally, the similarity between FRP strips with transversal connection and concrete wythes of a sandwich panel with flexible connectors leads to interpret the behavior of the ideal I-beam in terms of composite action established between the FRP strips. This paves the way for analytical modeling of the straps/strips technique. |
216105970 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-04-24T13:15:42.791Z | 2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Mathematics Achievement of Grade VIII Students Based on International Standardized Test (TIMSS) in an Urban Context of Sindh, Pakistan
The purpose of the study was to check how students of grade VIII in Urban Sindh, Pakistan performed on mathematics subject based on Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) assessment framework. The study used a descriptive design from quantitative research methods. The data were collected from three different educational sectors of urban Sindh. The study used a mathematics test based on the TIMSS framework and 60 items (44 MCQs & 16 CRQs) were adapted from released items. Purposive sampling was used to select the schools (n=6) and random sampling was followed to recruit the research participants (n=180) from grade VIII. There were 38% female and 62% of male research participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analyses technique. The results indicate that the research participant’s average score is below 30%, indicating an overall low performance of all schools in mathematics tests based on the TIMSS 2011 assessment framework. Some important recommendations for reducing the gap between the proposed and the achieved expertise level in mathematics are given. |
218767720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-20T06:09:28.007Z | 2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | How to ...
Qualitative research is rooted in anthropological and sociological tradition and has as its major tenet the desire to study and make sense of the thoughts, beliefs, actions and activities of informants. Qualitative research is essentially multimethod in its focus, involving an interpretative, naturalistic approach to its subject matter. Therefore researchers are concerned to study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. Qualitative researchers make use of a variety of materials in order to explore the lived realities of those they are researching. Qualitative work is interpretative – meanings have much greater significance than frequencies. For qualitative researchers the importance of their studies lies in their ability to address issues of ‘what, why, where and when?’ rather than of ‘how many?’. Critics of the qualitative paradigm constantly raise concerns as to the validity and reliability of the approach. But deciding what is to count as a unit of analysis is fundamentally an issue of interpretation, requiring judgements on significance. Does a study become more reliable if the views of 200 or 2000 people are collected rather than of two? What is validity? Whose version of the truth is represented, and how? We need to remember that in reality ‘facts’ are socially constructed and as such meaning is culturally and somewhat arbitrarily defined. For qualitative researchers the key is never to take things at face value, or unquestioningly to accept data as they are presented. Even the most familiar settings – the doctor’s surgery, the hospital ward, the school classroom or the shopping centre – can reveal the unexpected. Researchers need to be constantly checking with those they are researching to ensure that they are correct in their assumptions and interpretations of the various aspects of everyday life. The thick, descriptive narratives which are then produced are the very strength of qualitative research, since they offer a validity to the accounts which quantitative studies could not hope to equal. It is important to acknowledge the existence of the researcher effect. Simply deciding to study a particular setting or group, whether by qualitative or quantitative means, will have an impact (the Hawthorne effect). What qualitative researchers must do is acknowledge, make explicit and reflect upon the ways in which issues of gender, age, ethnicity and power all impact upon the research process and therefore on the data which are generated from it. The distinction between what counts as qualitative research and what is ‘common sense’ is the demand that researchers recognise and acknowledge that they are part of the social world that is being studied. There is a need to appreciate that behaviour and attitudes are not stable across contexts and that no study can be totally free from researcher bias. Data should therefore be regarded as problematic, and should be subjected to rigorous scrutiny and verification through triangulation within and between methods. This method of validation is done by comparing different kinds of data from different sources in order to see if there is corroboration. So data that relate to the same phenomenon are compared, but they are derived from different phases of fieldwork, different points in time, different participants or different methods of data collection. See the studies by West which looked at mothers’ criticisms of doctors and Glennerster et al on fundholding in general practice. Respondent validation is another approach and consists of researchers showing their findings to the people studied and seeking verification – the actors recognising a correspondence between the findings and what they, the actors, say and do. This verification becomes largely a matter of authenticity. In his study of specialist doctors Bloor found that sometimes doctors agreed with his description of their practices and at other times they did not. He argues that this becomes a stimulus to generate new data and new paths of analysis. But there are problems with this strategy: Education for Primary Care (2010) 21: 332–3 # 2010 Medical Education @ Cardiff Series |
252852220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-10-13T15:45:51.639Z | 2022-10-09T00:00:00.000Z | Isolation and Identification of Bacterial and Fungal Spoilage Organisms in Branded and Unbranded Milk; Consumer Perception of Safety Hazard for Milk
Background: This research aims to isolate and identify bacterial and fungal spoilage organisms in branded and unbranded milk, as well as to assess the parameters linked to milk safety risk. A total of 30 samples were collected for laboratory testing. For analysis, the samples were inoculated on several mediums. The bacterial and fungal isolates were identified using Gram staining and biochemical identification methods. Results: According to the findings, Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli are the most common bacteria found in isolated organisms from branded and unbranded milk (22.6%). Meanwhile, 8.8% of both Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecalis were found in the samples. 3.7% of Serratia marcescens and some Streptococcus species were all identified in the samples. At the milk outlets, regularly opening containers to sell milk and predisposing the milk to hand contamination increased the risk of contamination by environmental contaminants. Survey was done with 60 respondents, 37 (61.67%) said they were aware of the health risks associated with milk. Twenty-three people (38.33%) said they knew about diseases linked to drinking contaminated milk. It also discovered that there was no formal food hygiene training for any of the food handlers. However, 11.7% of the workers had advanced training in a variety of fields. Conclusions: The microorganisms associated with milk products' spoilage in this study are of economical and public health significance. Some strains of A. flavus have been reported to produce potent mycotoxins called ochratoxin that can be harmful to human beings and animals. Cares should be taken on the handling of milk and milk products. And the improved preservation methods should be suggested to enhance the quality of milk products. The findings of the study provide a foundation for developing better milk policies. |
10133670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-02-24T08:38:05.773Z | 2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Choice he hydration structure of dissolved carbon dioxide from X-ray bsorption spectroscopy
The dissolution of carbon dioxide in water and its subsequent hydrolysis reactions comprise one of the most central processes in all of science, yet it remains incompletely understood despite enormous vailable online 3 June 2015 effort. We report the detailed characterization of dissolved CO2 gas through the combination of X-ray spectroscopy and first principles theory. The molecule acts as a hydrophobe in water with an average hydrogen bond number of 0.56. The carbon atom interacts weakly with a single water at a distance of >2.67 Å and the carbonyl oxygens serve as weak hydrogen bond acceptors, thus locally enhancing the tetrahedral water hydrogen bonding structure. |
38508020 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:18:46.676Z | 1973-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Teaching Internalization to Middle-Level Mental Health Workers in Training
13 trainees enrolled in a process-oriented training program for middle-level mental health workers completed the I-E scale 1 mo. prior to enrollment and again 11 mo. later. Ss participated in 41 90-min. intensive group-counseling sessions which emphasized internalization and actuation of responsible behavior. The results show that, as a group, I-E scores of Ss shifted significantly (p < .02) in the direction of internality, as did their daily behavior. |
73463220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-11T17:24:58.392Z | 2018-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm for positron emission tomographic image reconstruction using belief kernels
Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits of incorporating prior information in list mode, time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction using the ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm. This investigation consists of an IEC phantom study and a patient study. For the image under reconstruction, the activity profile along a line of response is treated as a priori and is combined with the TOF measurement to define a belief kernel used for forward and backward projections during the OSEM image reconstruction. Activity profiles are smoothed and combined with the TOF kernels to control the adverse impact of noise, and different levels of smoothness are attempted. The standard TOF OSEM reconstruction is used as a baseline for comparison. Image quality is assessed using a combination of visual assessment and quantitative measurement including contrast recovery coefficients (CRC) and background variability. On the IEC phantom study, the reconstruction using belief kernels converges faster and the reconstructed images are more appealing. The CRCs for all sizes of regions of interest on images reconstructed with belief kernels are higher than those of the baseline. The background variability, measured as a coefficient of variation, is generally lower for the images reconstructed using belief kernels. Similar observations occur on the patient study. Particularly, the images reconstructed using belief kernels have better defined lesions, improved contrast, and reduced background noise. OSEM PET image reconstruction using belief kernels that combine the information from prior images and TOF measurements seems promising and worth further investigation. |
20420470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:12:39.957Z | 1994-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Blood pressure tracking in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Hypertension, one of the most frequent and important complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), usually begins in the second decade of the disease and is rare in childhood. We analysed the blood pressure (BP) levels of 106 patients (48 males, 58 females, aged 2-16 years) in relation to sex and age and we studied the modification of BP with years (tracking). BP levels, registered every three to six months, were compared with the local standard levels for age and expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS) of the means. For each subject a regression line describing the change of the SDS over time was calculated by the method of least squares. The slope of this line is called trend and represents the tendency of BP to increase or decrease with time, i.e. to develop (or not) hypertension. All patients, except one 16 year old girl, had normal BP and no microalbuminuria but ten of them presented with mean levels in the upper quartile and/or a constantly upward BP trend and were considered at risk. After a three year follow-up four of these ten patients became frankly hypertensive with increased microalbuminuria. These results agree with previous findings and with the hypothesis that an increase of intraglomerular and/or systemic BP may precede the appearance of (and even could be responsible for) microalbuminuria. The BP tracking study in IDDM children and adolescents could be useful for an early recognition of patients at risk of developing hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. |
104303170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-10T13:12:45.430Z | 2018-11-30T00:00:00.000Z | Absorption of Hydrogen in the HBond©9000 Metal Hydride Tank
The present article describes the measurements of hydrogen absorbed into an intermetallic alloy. The process of hydrogen absorption into a metal hydride tank is accompanied with generating heat that must be removed during the process. If the tank is not cooled, the gas pressure rapidly increases and even with a small amount of the stored hydrogen the pressure exceeds the permissible value. By contrast, during hydrogen desorption it is required to supply the same amount of specific heat to avoid a significant decrease in pressure which would result in a decrease in hydrogen release kinetics. |
239601370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-10-23T15:12:04.979Z | 2021-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Population genomic screening of all young adults in Australia to detect familial hypercholesterolemia: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a highly-penetrant, autosomal dominant monogenic disorder that causes elevated plasma low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). To date, the cost-effectiveness of the emerging strategy of genomic screening of adult populations for FH has not been investigated.
To assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of offering population genomic screening to all young adults in Australia to detect heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
We designed a decision analysis model to compare the current standard of care for heterozygous FH diagnosis in Australia (opportunistic cholesterol screening and genetic cascade testing) with population genomic screening of adults aged 18–40 years to detect pathogenic variants in the LDLR/APOB/PCSK9 genes. The model captured morbidity/mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD) over a lifetime horizon, from a healthcare perspective. Risk of CHD, treatment effects, prevalence, and healthcare costs were estimated from published studies. Outcomes included quality adjusted life years (QALYs), costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), discounted 5% annually. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to explore the impact of key input parameters on the robustness of the model. The model structure was designed to be transferable to countries with different healthcare systems.
Over the lifetime of the population (4,167,768 men; 4,129,961 women), the model estimated a gain of 62,722 years of life lived and 73,959 QALYs due to CHD prevention. Population genomic screening for FH would be cost-effective from a healthcare perspective if the cost per test was ≤AU$300 (∼US$233) which would yield an ICER AU$28,000 cost-saving.
Based on our model, offering population genomic screening to all young adults to detect FH could be cost-effective in the Australian healthcare system, at testing costs that are currently feasible.
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by the Australian National Heart Foundation and Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Results from scenario analyses Results from Monte Carlo simulations
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219849070 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-09-17T01:02:04.910Z | 2019-09-18T00:00:00.000Z | Beginning of the End, 1967
On athletic director Bernie Shively’s death, Harry Lancaster gives up his post as first assistant coach and takes Shively’s job. Coach Rupp has a difficult time without Harry at his side. Joe B. moves up to first assistant coach. This chapter describes Rupp’s many health problems and the stress he experiences regarding his upcoming forced retirement. Joe B. describes his own stress in view of Rupp’s treatment of him. |
237558620 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-09-19T13:07:09.240Z | 2021-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Planktonic communities in a small post-peat reservoir (Ustka Forest District, Poland)
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the present state of a small (area of 0.2 ha), shallow (mean depth of 2 m) and approximately 30-year-old post-peat reservoir located in Bruskowskie Bagno, a Baltic raised mire in northern Poland. The study was conducted during all seasons of the year (August 2019–July 2020). The reservoir was characterised by a yellow to brown water colour, low pH (5.4) and quite low conductivity (40.4 μS cm-1), which are the main features of dystrophic water bodies. Similar to natural, dystrophic lakes and ponds, the phytoplankton was mainly composed of mixotrophic species like Dinobryon sp. and Gonyostomum semen. The only numerous non-flagellate group within the phytoplankton was desmids, which indicated that the water was influenced by the mire. The reservoir was characterised by a high abundance of ciliates (annual mean of 55.6 cells ml-1) and a very high abundance of rotifers (annual mean of 3.72 ind. ml-1). Among ciliates, the most important were prostomatids, accounting for 53% of the mean annual ciliate abundance. The results of our study indicate that artificial, approximately 30-year-old, post-peat reservoir resembled a natural dystrophic water body. |
30003870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:33:56.859Z | 2007-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Simultaneous determination of myo‐inositol and scyllo‐inositol by MEKC as a rapid monitoring tool for inositol levels
A simple and rapid MEKC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol, and glucose. Prior to electrophoretic separation, the nonfluorescent inositols and glucose were derivatized by N‐methylisatoic anhydride at 25°C for 10 min so that they could be detected by a fluorescence detector during separation. The good separation with high efficiency by MEKC was achieved in 13 min with a glycine buffer containing SDS and PEG 4000. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the pH of BGE, the concentrations of glycine, SDS, and PEG 4000, and the applied voltage. Using glycerol as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol, and glucose were 0.03–10, 0.01–5, and 0.05–20 mM; the concentration LODs of myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol, and glucose were 0.020, 0.0078, and 0.026 mM, respectively. The method was applied to analyze extracellular myo‐inositol and glucose in the microdialysates from rat brain cortex of ischemia animal model and intracellular myo‐inositol and scyllo‐inositol in the rat brain extract. |
147490720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-08T13:31:53.980Z | 1982-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Handbook of Political Conflict: Theory and Practice
With increasing size and differentiation of social units, people will become subject to intensities of social control alien to contemporary life. Gibbs challenges social scientists to question current conceptualizations of norms, deviance, and social control so as to reformulate theories of social control. To the extent that sociological theory addresses it, social control has always been assumed to automatically flow from organizations and institutions. The first half of the book evaluates definitions of norms, deviance, and social control. Gibbs identifies problems which arise when norms are applied, including failure to recognize "that a belief cannot be a norm of a social unit unless it is shared . . . by all members. . . ." (p. 4). No minimum proportion of members subscribing to the belief is stipulated. For decades sociologists defined deviance as behavior contrary to norms. More recently, many have abandoned this normative conception for the labeling perspective, failing to understand that the term deviance denotes not a single argument but three distinct arguments—reactive conception of deviance, theory of secondary deviance, and societal reaction theory. After examining definitions of social control in terms of their answers to six central questions, Gibbs concludes compelling evidence exists to embrace his definition which treats social control as a multityped rather than a unitary phenomenon. The remaining half of the book details and defends "the final definition" and concludes with a theory of social control. The definition's triadic character stipulates that at least three individuals are involved in each of five types of social control. The manipulation of the second party's behavior by the first party through a third party distinguishes it from externalistic control. Gibbs challenges other conceptions, especially the "prophylactic conception" which equates social control with the counteraction of deviance. Toward additional theories, Gibbs examines correlates of his five types and conditions under which each will be effective. The most relevant conditions are size of social unit and degree of internal sociocultural differentiation (limited to status differentiation and normative consensus). His table (p. 152) summarizes along two axes (size and sociocultural differentiation) the relations among the types of social units. The frequency of each type of control in a social unit is expressed as a ratio to the frequency of some other type. The order in which the types become frequent is referential, allegative, vicarious, modulative, and prelusive, with each type of control giving way to another as size and differentiation increase. Gibbs concludes with a research strategy which includes testing generalizations through comparisons (1) of different social units at the same point in time and (2) of social units of the same type. The initial importance of the research is more inherent in its demonstration of empirical applications of the conceptualization than in its support of specific generalizations. Although sociological references dominate, Gibbs's conceptualization should attract the interest of political scientists. Far from ignoring differential power, his conceptualization of social control virtually presumes it. For each type of control there is a corresponding type of power. When Gibbs's research strategy compares units of the same type, he anticipates that the relations postulated also hold for all types of social units. Despite incisive critiques of current definitions and advancement of alternative conceptualizations of social control for theoretical formulations, it is doubtful the book will attract a wide readership. It might be used as a supplementary text, though probably not as a primary one. Gibbs's final conception is "ponderous" and consists of "very abstract notions" and terms "alien to other definitions of social control" (p. 78). Although he attempts clarification through illustration, the book remains difficult. It would not be suitable for the average undergraduate and perhaps not even for a beginning graduate student. Benefit from this work presumes an appreciation of conceptualizing and theorizing, in contrast to today's vocational training mentality. |
28463920 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-12-13T18:54:33.822Z | 2017-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Mapping and Assessment of PM10 and O3 Removal by Woody Vegetation at Urban and Regional Level
This study is the follow up of the URBAN-MAES pilot implemented in the framework of the EnRoute project. The study aims at mapping and assessing the process of particulate matter (PM10) and tropospheric ozone (O3) removal by various forest and shrub ecosystems. Different policy levels and environmental contexts were considered, namely the Metropolitan city of Rome and, at a wider level, the Latium region. The approach involves characterization of the main land cover and ecosystems using Sentinel-2 images, enabling a detailed assessment of Ecosystem Service (ES), and monetary valuation based on externality values. The results showed spatial variations in the pattern of PM10 and O3 removal inside the Municipality and in the more rural Latium hinterland, reflecting the spatial dynamics of the two pollutants. Evergreen species displayed higher PM10 removal efficiency, whereas deciduous species showed higher O3 absorption in both rural and urban areas. The overall pollution removal accounted for 5123 and 19,074 Mg of PM10 and O3, respectively, with a relative monetary benefit of 161 and 149 Million Euro for PM10 and O3, respectively. Our results provide spatially explicit evidence that may assist policymakers in land-oriented decisions towards improving Green Infrastructure and maximizing ES provision at different governance levels. |
129439570 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-24T13:04:03.394Z | 1985-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Composition of ultradeep gas - theoretical and experimental study
Increasingly greater numbers of wells are being drilled below 25,000 ft, and considerations of methane stability in the deep subsurface are becoming more important. The authors have calculated equilibrium gas compositions corresponding to conditions down to 40,000 ft for low, average, and high geothermal gradients, for hydrostatic and lithostatic pressures, and with and without graphite. Calculations have been made for sandstone reservoirs with various amounts and combinations of feldspars, clays, carbonate cements, and iron oxides with and without graphite, and for limestone and dolomite reservoirs with various combinations of clays, iron minerals, anhydrite, and sulfur, again with and without graphite. Natural gas shows considerable stability in sandstone reservoirs under most conditions, but its concentration in deep carbonates is much more variable and tends to a H/sub 2/S-CO/sub 2/ mixture except when an appreciable concentration of iron is present.The thermodynamic predictions can (in principle) be checked by direct analysis down to the depth limit of available gas samples. In practice, considerable problems exist due to partial gas loss during sample retrieval. The analysis of gases trapped in fluid inclusions in late-stage cements offers one solution to this problem. This gas is being analyzed by thermally rupturing inclusions in the inlet systemmore » of a fast-scanning, computer-controlled mass spectrometer. Each bursting inclusion is analyzed separately, and several hundred individual inclusions can be analyzed using only 10 mg of sample. A wide variety of compositions, including water-rich, methane-rich, and H/sub 2/S-rich, is found in samples from below 20,000 ft.« less |
29581070 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:29:46.670Z | 1992-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Combined revascularization of coronary and femoral arteries].
A 63-year-old male patient with both coronary artery disease and leg ischemia was successfully treated with a combined procedure. Coronary arteries were bypassed with the saphenous vein graft and in situ left internal mammary artery, and bilateral femoral arteries were bypassed with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts descended from the ascending aorta through the preperitoneal abdominal wall tunnel. After this procedure he experienced neither angina nor claudication. |
53082270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-10-29T13:25:33.219Z | 2018-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | New Measurement Method of Broadband Permittivity and Permeability of Non-Solid Materials in Small Quantity
Evaluation of permittivity (ε) and permeability (μ) of magnetic/dielectric material in microwave band becomes more important with the rapid expansion of microwave technologies. Transmission/reflection line method is well known as a simultaneous measurement method of ε and μ in the band. However in this method material under test (MUT) is limited to solid state. On the other hand, for measuring liquid material open ended coaxial probe method was proposed. The method is disadvantageous in terms of requiring deciliter volumes of MUT for approximating a semi-space filled by MUT. We propose a new measurement method with the aim of simultaneous measuring both of permittivity and permeability of not only solid material but also a small amount of liquid, powder, and gel state material. A plastic toroidal case was utilized to encapsulate non-solid state MUT and whole the case was evaluated by coaxial line method. In this study the cases were modeled using Acrylic 3-D printer (Stratasys, Objet 260 Connex). An example of the plastic case with a cap fabricated is shown in Fig. 1. Outer and inner diameter (7.00 and 3.00 mm) of the case was designed to fit to a coaxial sample holder (KEAD Inc., CSH2-APC7). The length of the case including a cap thickness measured by digital vernier caliper was 5.00 mm. In the same way, thickness of wall, bottom, and cap was 0.45, 0.50, and 0.50 mm, respectively. Accordingly the volume of MUT required for the case was about 70 microliters. The specimen which MUT was encapsulated was inserted to the coaxial sample holder and complex scattering (S) parameters from 1–10 GHz were taken using a vector network analyzer (Hewlett-Packard, HP 8720D). S-parameters whose reference planes were both upper and lower surface of the specimen were obtained by shifting reference planes of the measured S-parameters. After that we obtained S-parameters of MUT in numerical calculations mentioned below in order to take away unwanted plastic case portions. The specimen can be divided into three coaxial portions: Inner cylindrical wall, outer cylindrical wall, and middle core including MUT between their walls. From the viewpoint of electric circuit it corresponds to a series connection of the three two-port networks. Impedance (Z) parameters of the middle core were obtained using the relationship: Z-matrix of the specimen equals to the sum of their three Z-matrices. Z-matrix of the specimen was obtained by converting S-matrix of it by a reference impedance. Z-matrix of outer and inner wall was obtained from ε and μ measured in advance using solid specimens of the plastic material and outer and inner diameters of their cylindrical walls. Z-matrix of the middle core was converted S-matrix again. The middle slender core can be divided into three coaxial portions: a part of cap, a part of bottom, and MUT. The core corresponds to a cascaded connection of the three two-port networks. Transfer (T) parameters of MUT were obtained using the relationship: T-matrix of the core equals to the product of their three T-matrices. T-matrix of the core was obtained by converting S-matrix of it. T-matrix of a part of bottom and cap was obtained from ε and μ of the plastic material used and bottom and cap thickness. Finally ε and μ of MUT were calculated from S-parameters of it using Nicolson-Ross-Wier algorithm [1, 2]. In this study, the air at the volume was measured as MUT in order to confirm a validity of the proposed method. The dependences of real and imaginary part of relative permittivity of air obtained by this method on frequency were shown in Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b). Although the both values had a margin of error of plus or minus 10% a constant and nearly ideal relative permittivity of air was confirmed in the band measured from these figures. This result indicates that the proposed method is effective for measuring non-solid materials. |
29433870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-07-16T05:09:55.199Z | 2004-11-19T00:00:00.000Z | FtsZ Fiber Bundling Is Triggered by a Conformational Change in Bound GTP*
Polymer formation by the essential FtsZ protein plays a crucial role in the cytokinesis of most prokaryotes. Lateral associations between these FtsZ polymers to form bundles or sheets are widely predicted to be extremely important for FtsZ function in vivo. We have carried out a study in vitro of FtsZ polymer formation and bundling using linear dichroism (LD) to assess structural properties of the polymers. We demonstrate proof-of-principle experiments to show that LD can be used as a technique to follow FtsZ polymerization, and we present the LD spectra of FtsZ polymers. Our subsequent examination of FtsZ polymer bundling induced by calcium reveals a substantial increase in the LD signal indicative of increased polymer length and rigidity. We also detect a specific conformational change in the guanine moiety associated with bundling, whereas the conformation and configuration of the FtsZ monomers within the polymer remain largely unchanged. We demonstrate that other divalent cations can induce this conformational change in FtsZ-bound GTP coincident with polymer bundling. Therefore, we present “flipping” of the guanine moiety in FtsZ-bound GTP as a mechanism that explains the link between reduced GTPase activity, increased polymer stability, and polymer bundling. |
29201370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:20:19.281Z | 1992-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Bald's Leechbook and the Physica Plinii.
The study of the sources of the Anglo-Saxon medical texts began more than a hundred years ago with T.O. Cockayne's monumental edition of most of the medical, magical and herbal material extant in Old English. Cockayne demonstrated that the most significant text in this corpus, the late ninth-century compilation known as Bald's Leechbook, drew on an impressive range of Latin source materials. Recent work by C.H. Talbot and M.L. Cameron has further extended our knowledge of the classical texts which underlie the Leechbook. Among the significant sources is the text known as the Physica Plinii. Although the Physica survives in several recensions, there has as yet been no systematic study of the relationship between these recensions and the version of the Latin text used by the Old English compiler. The present article investigates Bald's Leechbook as a witness to the history of the Physica Plinii, and demonstrates the complexity of the transmission of the latter work. |
24156420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:50:20.781Z | 2001-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Dilated Pupil during Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: What does it Mean?
Endoscopic sinus surgery has become the standard of care for the surgical management of chronic sinus disease. Sinus disease and its surgical treatment carry the risk of orbital complications, irrespective of the approach. Orbital complications associated with sinus surgery include nasolacrimal duct damage, extraocular muscle injury, intraorbital hemorrhage/ emphysema, and direct optic nerve damage, resulting in blindness. The finding of an unequal pupil at the end of a procedure would be a cause of considerable concern, but it is most likely due to the topical contamination of the eye with a mydriatic pharmacological agent commonly used in endoscopic sinus surgery. |
235210570 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-05-26T21:02:54.766Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Investigating the Impact of Macro Economic Factors on Pakistan Stock Market: An analysis of Pre, Between and Post Financial Crisis
Naveed Ul Haq , Waqas Ahmad , Ammar Aftab Raja , Fatima Khalid d a Research Associate, Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan b MS Finance Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan c Assistant Professor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan d MS Finance Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan * Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Abstract This study investigates the association between macroeconomic variables for pre, between and post financial crisis for the period from 1999 to 2018. This study is on time series analysis. By unit root test, we evidence to run Johnson co-integration test. The cointegration test reveals that the significant result with stock prices in Pakistan. However, Granger causality test shows indication of bi-direction relation between exchange rate and stock prices in Pakistan and money supply and stock prices in Pakistan and Uni-directional causality between gold prices and stock prices and inflation rate and stock prices in Pakistan for prefinancial crisis 2007-8. The results of between financial crises 2007-8 show Causality between gold prices with stock prices and inflation rate with stock prices in Pakistan. However, we found no causality between variables for post-financial crisis 2007-8 during present study. |
205865520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:08:29.217Z | 2013-06-26T00:00:00.000Z | The effects of EF-Ts and bismuth on EF-Tu in Helicobacter pylori: implications for an elegant timing for the introduction of EF-Ts in the elongation and EF-Tu as a potential drug target.
Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen responsible for various gastric diseases. Bismuth can effectively inhibit the growth of this bacterium and is commonly recommended for the treatment of the related diseases. Translation elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts are two important components of the protein translation system. EF-Ts has inhibitory effects on the GTPase activity of EF-Tu and enhances GDP release, a hint that careful timing for the introduction of EF-Ts in the elongation should be accomplished to prevent the complete inhibition of the elongation process. Bismuth inhibits the chaperone activity of EF-Tu, and has opposite effects on the elongation activity: inhibitory effects on the intrinsic GTPase activity and stimulation of GDP release. The present work deepens our understanding of the bacterial elongation process as mediated by EF-Tu and EF-Ts and extends our knowledge about the inhibitory effects of bismuth-based drugs against Helicobacter pylori. |
20970720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-05-29T09:57:29.421Z | 2010-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma shows transcriptional features suggestive of a tolerogenic host immune response
Background Gene expression profiling has successfully identified the prognostic significance of the host response in lymphomas. The aggressive T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma and the indolent nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma are both characterized by a paucity of tumor cells embedded in an overwhelming background. The tumor cells of both lymphomas share several characteristics, while the cellular composition of their microenvironment is clearly different. Design and Methods We collected 33 cases of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma and 56 cases of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma and performed microarray gene expression profiling on ten cases of each lymphoma, to obtain a better understanding of the lymphoma host response. By quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction we verified that these 20 selected cases were representative of the entire population of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Results We observed that the microenvironment in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma is molecularly very similar to a lymph node characterized by follicular hyperplasia, while the microenvironment in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma is clearly different. The T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma signature is hallmarked by up-regulation of CCL8, interferon-γ, indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, VSIG4 and Toll-like receptors. These features may be responsible for the recruitment and activation of T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, characterizing the stromal component of this lymphoma, and may point towards innate immunity and a tumor tolerogenic immune response in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma. Conclusions The gene expression profile of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma, in comparison with that of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma, shows features suggestive of a distinct tolerogenic host immune response that may play a key role in the aggressive behavior of this lymphoma, and that may serve as a potential target for future therapy. |
239622820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-09-28T16:28:55.870Z | 2021-07-15T00:00:00.000Z | An Overview of a Versatile Compound: Quercetin
Flavonoids are phytochemical compounds found in a variety of plants, fruits, vegetables, leaves, and barks, it offers a wide range of
health benefits. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid that is found in onions, apples, berries, broccoli, grapes, nuts, cherries and many
other food products. Pharmacologically, quercetin has been examined for various disorders and is reported to possess the ability to prevent as well as treat them. It possesses anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-cancer activity as well. Developing suitable formulation for the delivery of quercetin to specific site leads to better compliance and effective treatment of the disease. This review article highlights the beneficiary activities exhibited by quercetin along with the mechanism behind its activity, followed by reporting the different quercetin formulations developed in last few years.
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1386920 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2006-12-03T00:00:00.000Z | Vissim: A Multi-Parameter Sensitivity Analysis
Traffic microsimulation is increasingly a preferred method of traffic analysis for today's transportation professionals. The importance of properly calibrating these traffic simulations is evidenced by the adoption of microsimulation calibration standards by several state and federal transportation authorities. A component of the calibration process is the calibration of the simulation for capacity. Capacity is a high-level measurement that is a function of many lower level user-defined input parameters. VISSIM utilizes psychophysical car-following models that rely on ten user-defined parameters to represent freeway driving behavior. Several VISSIM driver behavior parameters have been shown to have a significant impact on roadway capacity. This paper seeks further understanding of the performance of the VISSIM traffic microsimulator by investigating the impact of driver behavior parameter combinations on a measure of freeway capacity. This paper is intended to provide insight useful for manual calibration of VISSIM microsimulation or the development of calibration algorithms |
45614720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-09-15T00:01:25.469Z | 2007-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Skills and Remittances: The Case of Afghan, Egyptian and Serbian Immigrants in Germany
The issue of migration and development became in the last years highly relevant on the global policy agenda. Countries and international organisations increasingly perceive migration as a phenomenon that can positively impact development in both migrant receiving and sending countries, provided that appropriate policies are in place. And one of the central issues within the context of the migration and development nexus is the role of the migrants' remittances as a source of capital and possible engine for economic growth in developing countries. The migrants' remittances gained in importance on the international agenda1 because of the dramatic rise in international flows. Between 2001 and 2005 international migrant remittances' flows increased by 58%, to reach about US$232 billion (The World Bank, 2005). With about US$167 billion, developing countries received the biggest share, while industrial countries in North America and Western Europe are the major sources. However, there is still limited knowledge about the way in which these international transfers effect economic development in the migrant sending counties. |
244219270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-11-18T00:02:29.758Z | 2022-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Anxiety and depression among university students during the lockdown: their protective and risk factors
Anxiety and depression among university students were reported to be increased during the outbreak of CoVid-19. Various studies indicated that the phenomenon was triggered by the sudden enforcement of the studying-from-home (SFH) policy. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the students’ online learning efficacy (OLE) predicted the upsurge of the two mental health issues. However, SFH also elevated the students’ inclination towards social media (SM), and it brought further changes in some socio-psychological factors. We recruited 435 university students to respond to demographic items and the scales to measure factors such as perceived social support (PSS), societal mattering, and fear of missing out (FOMO) to test the hypothesis that OLE would no longer be a significant predictor of anxiety and depression when all the aforementioned variables are controlled for. The results of the hierarchical regression analyses supported our hypothesis on anxiety, while in predicting depression, OLE was still significant after controlling for the rest of the predictors. Societal mattering was the strongest protective factor against depression, whereas FOMO was the strongest risk factor of anxiety. Implications, limitations, and suggestions are discussed. |