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126866320 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-23T13:28:10.679Z | 2009-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Study on the characteristics of microclimate for a sugar apple orchard at reclaimed land of Taitung area.
This study was performed to observe the characteristics of microclimate for a sugar apple orchard at a reclaimed land of Taitung area. The selected sugar apple orchard (22°44’36” N, 121°4’56” E) had a size of 1.8 ha and was located at suburb of Taitung City, Taitung Hsien, Taiwan, within a gradual topography. The factors of micrometeorological observations included air temperature, relative humidity, earth temperature, wind direction, wind speed, net radiation and soil heat flux, and were measured using a tower of 4 m in height from March 1, 2007 to February 12, 2008. The preliminary results are summarized as follows. Air temperature and relative humidity were usually greater than 20°C and 68%, but there was a decreasing tendency under cold wave with no rain. The daily mean wind speed was less than 4.6 m s-1 and the prevailing wind direction was in the directions of NE-SW. The topsoil layer of sugar apple orchard could absorb heat flux when net radiation was grater than 0.2 MJ m-2. Irrigation could increase soil moisture and resulted in an increase of earth temperature to more than 15°C, and the mitigation of cold damage for sugar apple orchard could be achieved under such condition. |
11540370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2004-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Regulation of Caspase-3 and -9 Activation in Oxidant Stress to Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Forkhead Transcription Factors, Bcl-2 Proteins and Mitogen- Activated Protein Kinases
Cytotoxicity to renal tubular epithelial cells (RTE) is dependent on the relative response of cell survival and cell death signals triggered by the injury. Forkhead transcription factors, Bcl-2 family member Bad, and mitogen-activated protein kinases are regulated by phosphorylation that plays crucial roles in determining cell fate. We examined the role of phosphorylation of these proteins in regulation of H 2 O 2-induced caspase activation in RTE. The phosphorylation of FKHR, FKHRL, and Bcl-2 family member Bad were markedly increased in response to oxidant injury, and this increase was associated with elevated levels of basal phosphorylation of Akt/protein kinase B. PI-3 kinase inhibitors abolished this phosphorylation and also decreased expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and BclxL. Inhibition of phosphorylation of forkhead proteins resulted in a marked increase in proapoptotic protein Bim. These downstream effects of PI-3 kinase inhibition promoted the oxidant-induced activation of caspase-3 and-9, but not caspase-8 and-1. The impact of enhanced activation of caspases by PI-3 kinase inhibition was reflected on accelerated oxidant-induced cell death. Oxidant stress also induced marked phosphorylation of ERK ½, P38, and JNK kinases. Inhibition of ERK ½ phosphorylation but not P38 and JNK kinase increased caspase-3 and-9 activation; however, this activation was far less than induced by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Thus, Akt-mediated phosphorylation pathway, ERK signaling and the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins distinctly regulate caspase activation during oxidant injury to RTE. These studies suggest that enhancing renal-specific survival signals may lead to preservation of renal function during oxidant injury. |
21248570 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:53:51.410Z | 1991-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effects of smoke inhalation on surfactant phospholipids and phospholipase A2 activity in the mouse lung.
The effects of smoke inhalation on the pulmonary surfactant system were examined in mice exposed for 30 minutes to smoke generated from the burning of polyurethane foam. At 8 or 12 hours after exposure, surfactants were isolated separately from lung lavage (extracellular surfactant) and residual lung tissue (intracellular surfactant) for phospholipid analysis. Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was measured on a microsomal fraction prepared from the tissue homogenate. Smoke inhalation produced a twofold increase in extracellular surfactant total phospholipid. While there was no change in the total phospholipid or phosphatidylcholine (PC) content of the intracellular surfactant, smoke inhalation significantly decreased the disaturated species of PC (DSPC). The specific activity of PLA2 was reduced by more than 50% in both groups of exposed mice. Smoke inhalation appears to result in selective depletion of the DSPC of intracellular surfactant and PLA2 involved in its synthesis. This depletion may be compensated for by increased secretion or slower breakdown of the material present in the extracellular compartment. |
36655820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:47:55.219Z | 1979-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | The viability of mid-level practitioners in isolated rural communities.
In the last decade there has been an increasing emphasis on providing equal access to health care for all citizens of the United States.1 2 Rural dwellers have been identified as a population group who experience significant barriers to gaining access to the traditional health care delivery system. The problem becomes more acute for the target population that is more remote from larger communities. One potential solution in which significant investment has been made is the training and use of nonphysician health providers for the delivery of primary health care services. This study examines the attempt of the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) in the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, Idaho) and Alaska to use non-physician health providers (physician assistants and nurse practitioners) to solve the health care needs of the geographically isolated community. It focuses on an analysis of the financial growth and evolution of this type of practice through which hopefully one can draw some preliminary conclusions about the economic viability of the model. |
153724220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-10-19T11:21:45.245Z | 2018-10-18T00:00:00.000Z | The Duty to Rescue in Contract Law
Chapter 9 concerns contexts in which two parties, A and B, have either entered into a contract or taken significant steps to form a contractual relationship, and B is at risk of incurring an unbargained-for loss that A could prevent by taking an action that would not require her to forgo a bargaining advantage, undertake a significant risk, or incur some other material cost. In the contexts described in this chapter A is under a moral and legal duty to take action—a duty referred to in this book as the duty to rescue in contract law. Among the contexts in which the duty is imposed are silence as acceptance, late acceptance, and performance. |
139076820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-29T13:13:36.111Z | 2009-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Problem of Die Drool in the Extrusion of Recycled Polyethylene
Present understanding of the formation of die drool is reported in light of current developments in materials for blown film polyethylene (PE). Two series of samples were collected from a blown film line, and the material from the die drool and the die channel, or blown film, were analysed separately. The techniques used included thermal analysis, melt rheology, filtration of dissolved material, and X-ray diffraction. Die drool was found to consist of segregated material, with the segregation depending on the content of high-molecular-weight branched polyethylene or impurities. As the presence of these PE materials may increase, it might be advisable for processors of recycled PE film to take prior actions to limit problems. |
108875870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-12T13:56:01.774Z | 2008-05-23T00:00:00.000Z | Estimation of Piezoelectric Equivalent Circuit Parameters Using Principle of Least Variance
The estimates of equivalent circuit parameters of a piezoelectric transducer, observed from the admittance circle near resonance in a conventional manner, are improved on two types of lumped-parameter circuits, namely, L- and T-type circuits, which are consistent with Marutake's approximation formula for estimating electromechanical coupling coefficient, using the principle of least variance with regard to the physical quantities observed in more than one resonance mode. First, the electrically observed frequencies of resonance and antiresonance are corrected using the T- and L-type circuits, respectively. Secondly, whether the transducer is actually driven in the L- or T-effect is distinguished using the principle of least variance introduced in this study. Next, the inductance components of the circuit are re-estimated using this principle again, and finally other circuit components are also adjusted in a self-consistent manner. |
21985820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:12:34.801Z | 2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Stabilization of Double Stranded Homologous Poly(dA)·Poly(dT) by Taxol
Abstract The nucleic acid activity of taxol and paclitaxel was investigated with synthetic and natural oligo- and polynucleotides. The polynucleotides poly(dA)·poly(dT), poly(dG)·poly(dC), poly [d(A-T)]·poly[d(A-T)], poly[d(G-C)]·poly[d(G-C)] and calf thymus DNA were used. The oligonucleotides are 24-mers with d(purine)24·d(pyrimidine)24 strands, as well as d[(purine)x-(pyrimidine)x]·d[(purine)x-(pyrimidine)x] sequences. The study was performed with spectroscopic and calorimetric methods in dilute and condensed DNA-solutions. In a recent study, taxol and paclitaxel showed molecular recognition of AT nucleotides with a high affinity to homologous (dA)·(dT) sequences; no interaction with GC nucleotides could be observed. An astonishing stabilization of the DNA duplex up to ΔTm = 25°C was measured by thermal denaturation with poly(dA)·poly(dT)/paclitaxel complexes. Circular dichroism signals of DNA (24-mer) containing homologous (dA)·(dT) tracts increased with increasing amount of the drug; for the other oligo- and polynucleotides no change in the spectra could be found. Contrary to this findings, circular dichroism (CD) spectra of poly(dA)·poly(dT)/paclitaxel complexes displayed reduced intensities of the signals at increasing drug concentrations. These findings in dilute solutions were complemented by differential scanning calorimetric investigations in condensed states (only calf thymus DNA tested). Increasing enthalpies by increasing amount of the drug point to a stabilization. Simple phosphate backbone interaction in the narrow groove of (dA)·(dT) tracts could be a sufficient explanation for all the results. Hydrophilic side groups of the drug interact with the phosphate and clip the strands together, while the hydrophobic parts of the molecule may disturb the polynucleobase formation. |
29338820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:23:13.750Z | 1991-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | The cardiovascular and metabolic effects of bench stepping exercise in females.
The purpose of this investigation was to measure cardiovascular and metabolic responses to 20 min continuous bouts of "choreographed" bench stepping exercise in healthy females. Four frequently used bench heights were employed in a cross-over design: 15.2 cm (6 inches, B-6), 20.3 cm (8 inches, B-8), 25.4 cm (10 inches, B-10), and 30.5 cm (12 inches, B-12). Oxygen uptake (VO2) responses were significantly more pronounced in direct relationship to the bench height: B-12 greater than B-10 greater than B-8 greater than B-6 (P less than 0.05). Mean responses for VO2 ranged from 28.4 ml.kg-1.min-1 for B-6 to 37.3 ml.kg-1.min-1 for B-12. Interestingly, no difference was revealed for heart rate and the respiratory exchange ratio between B-12 and B-10 despite a higher VO2 for B-12 (B-12, B-10 greater than B-8 greater than B-6, P less than 0.05). The incorporation of 0.91 kg (2 lb) hand weights with exercise on the 20.3 cm bench elicited a modest but statistically significant increase in VO2 compared with no hand weights. No significant increase in VO2 was revealed for conditions that employed 0.45 kg (1 lb) hand weights. The results demonstrate that aerobic bench stepping is an exercise modality that provides sufficient cardiorespiratory demand for enhancing aerobic fitness and promoting weight loss in females. |
17488820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-02-24T08:38:05.773Z | 2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS BY ENKF DATA ASSIMILATION IN REAL AQUIFERS : A CASE STUDY IN DOWNTOWN PADOVA ( ITALY )
The calibration of natural aquifer model parameters in real world cases is a challenging goal that requires a careful tuning work, whose complexity increases with the number of available data. Paradoxically, instead of making easier the subsurface model numerical assessment, a high spatial density of data highlights the local scale heterogeneity effects, complicating the calibration procedure when an accurate reproduction of the local water table variations is requested. This is the case of the subsurface in the “Eremitani” area in downtown Padova (Italy), where an extensive monitoring was recently carried out to assess the water table alteration due to the possible realization of important underground works close to the “Scrovegni Chapel”, a renowned historical monument. Due to the implications for the foundation stability of the monumental building, the delicate structural equilibrium of the famous Giotto’s frescoes may be altered by the variations of the water table. For this reason, a relatively large number of piezometers and wells (16) were drilled in an area of approximately 8 ha, within two aquifers characterizing the subsurface medium down to a depth of 30 m. Measurements were collected for a relatively long period and some pumping tests, as well as a field experiment involving the controlled variation of the Piovego Canal – the watercourse crossing the study area –, were realized for monitoring the corresponding response of the water table in each observation well. To overcome the difficulties related to the calibration of a fully 3D finite element model solving the Richards’ equation, a data assimilation procedure was developed by integrating the groundwater model with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the augmented state technique. The objective of this study is to retrieve the most relevant subsurface parameters (e.g., hydraulic conductivity and specific storage coefficient) by assimilating the piezometric data collected by the monitoring network, thus assessing the local scale heterogeneity due not only to the vertical stratification, but also to the horizontal spatial variability characterizing the area under investigation. |
14651120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-04-07T00:00:00.000Z | 2010-10-29T00:00:00.000Z | Video topic modelling with behavioural segmentation
Topic models such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) are used extensively for modelling multi-object behaviour and anomaly detection in busy scenes. However, existing topic models suffer from the sensitivity problem, where they are unable to detect anomalies that are mixed in with large numbers of co-occurring normal behaviours. Also at issue is the localisation problem, where anomalies are detected but not localised within a given video clip. To address these two problems this paper proposes a novel region LDA model, which encodes the spatial awareness that is ignored by conventional topic models. Both scene decomposition and behavioural modelling are simultaneously performed.
Consequentially, abnormality is detected per-region rather than for the entire scene, resolving both the sensitivity and localisation issues. Experiments conducted on busy real world scenes demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model. |
18069820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Countering Walter Block's "Heroic" Private Counterfeiter
IN HIS PROVOCATIVE BOOK, Defending the Undefendable, Walter Block (1976) presents a cast of seemingly nefarious characters, such as the slumlord, the prostitute, and the moneylender, whose actions, he shows, are harmless and even beneficial when looked at from a free-market and natural law perspective. There is, however, one case where his defense is more than a little controversial: that of the private counterfeiter. According to Block, an individual counterfeiter who creates his own notes commits no real crime because money issued by the government is itself counterfeit, and counterfeiting counterfeit money is analogous to seizing stolen goods from thieves. Block points out that under the natural law, if B steals property from A, and C takes the stolen property away from B, C is not guilty of theft if the property in question cannot be returned to A; for example, if A no longer exists or cannot be found. Block contends that a similar proposition can be applied to counterfeiting, where B are the government and banking institutions, who throughout history have fraudulently misrepresented their notes as being equivalent to genuine money such as gold and silver, A are the past depositors of these precious metals who were the original victims of B’s counterfeiting fraud prior to the establishment of a universal fiat currency, |
73221670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-11T13:13:00.547Z | 1991-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | (10) Azoospermia, absent dermatoglyphics, mottled hypo‐ and hyperpigmentation and chronic iron deficiency: an unknown genodermatosis?
colouring, cadmium for yellow, magnesium for purple. cobalt for blue and chrome for green. Although reactions to red mercuric sulphide or red cinnabar are well described, allergic reactions to green tattoo pigments are rare. Patients with cement dermatitis developing green tattoo reactions have previously been reported.' Like our case these patients had trouble with their tattoos only after developing hand eczema from contact w ith cement. |
31753670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:44:16.864Z | 2016-03-24T00:00:00.000Z | Deep learning in the small sample size setting: cascaded feed forward neural networks for medical image segmentation
Deep Learning, refers to large set of neural network based algorithms, have emerged as promising machine- learning tools in the general imaging and computer vision domains. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a specific class of deep learning algorithms, have been extremely effective in object recognition and localization in natural images. A characteristic feature of CNNs, is the use of a locally connected multi layer topology that is inspired by the animal visual cortex (the most powerful vision system in existence). While CNNs, perform admirably in object identification and localization tasks, typically require training on extremely large datasets. Unfortunately, in medical image analysis, large datasets are either unavailable or are extremely expensive to obtain. Further, the primary tasks in medical imaging are organ identification and segmentation from 3D scans, which are different from the standard computer vision tasks of object recognition. Thus, in order to translate the advantages of deep learning to medical image analysis, there is a need to develop deep network topologies and training methodologies, that are geared towards medical imaging related tasks and can work in a setting where dataset sizes are relatively small. In this paper, we present a technique for stacked supervised training of deep feed forward neural networks for segmenting organs from medical scans. Each `neural network layer' in the stack is trained to identify a sub region of the original image, that contains the organ of interest. By layering several such stacks together a very deep neural network is constructed. Such a network can be used to identify extremely small regions of interest in extremely large images, inspite of a lack of clear contrast in the signal or easily identifiable shape characteristics. What is even more intriguing is that the network stack achieves accurate segmentation even when it is trained on a single image with manually labelled ground truth. We validate this approach,using a publicly available head and neck CT dataset. We also show that a deep neural network of similar depth, if trained directly using backpropagation, cannot acheive the tasks achieved using our layer wise training paradigm. |
137230220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-28T13:08:39.767Z | 2013-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Arbitrary Structures Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam Milling
Optical components at the nanoscale are crucial for developing photonics and integrated optics. Device with ultrasmall dimensions is of particular importance for nanoscience and electronic technology. Among all the manufacturing tools, the focused ion beam is a critical candidate for machining and processing optical devices at the nanoscale. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the fabrication of nanodevices with arbitrary shapes and different potential applications using focused ion beam techniques. |
6659270 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:34:09.691Z | 2009-10-02T00:00:00.000Z | Characterization of Atherosclerosis by Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Methods in African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and Amazon Parrots (Amazona spp.)
Abstract The aim of the study was to characterize atherosclerotic changes in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and Amazon parrots (Amazona spp.) by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Samples of the aorta ascendens and trunci brachiocephalici from 62 African grey parrots and 35 Amazon parrots were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and Elastica van Gieson for grading of atherosclerosis in these birds. Four different stages were differentiated. The incidence of atherosclerosis in the examined parrots was 91.9% in African grey parrots and 91.4% in Amazon parrots. To evaluate the pathogenesis in birds, immunohistochemical methods were performed to demonstrate lymphocytes, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and chondroitin sulfate. According to the missing lymphocytes and macrophages and the absence of invasion and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in each atherosclerotic stage, “response-to-injury hypothesis” seems inapplicable in parrots. Additionally, we found alterations of vitally important organs (heart, lungs) significantly correlated with atherosclerosis of the aorta ascendens. |
119203620 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-09T09:10:19.000Z | 2018-01-09T00:00:00.000Z | Detection of low-metallicity warm plasma in a galaxy overdensity environment at z ̃ 0.2
We present results from the analysis of a multiphase O VI - broad Ly-alpha absorber at z = 0.19236 in the HST/COS spectrum of PG 1121+422. The low and intermediate ionization metal lines in this absorber have a single narrow component, whereas the Ly-alpha has a possible broad component with b(HI) $\sim 71$ km/s. Ionization models favor the low and intermediate ions coming from a $T \sim 8,500$ K, moderately dense photoionized gas with near solar metallicities. The weak O VI requires a separate gas phase that is collisionally ionized. The O VI coupled with BLA suggests $T \sim 3.2 \times 10^5$ K, with significantly lower metal abundance and $\sim 1.8$ orders of magnitude higher total hydrogen column density compared to the photoionized phase. SDSS shows 12 luminous ($> L^*$) galaxies in the $\rho \leq 5$ Mpc, $|\Delta v| \leq 800$ km/s region surrounding the absorber, with the absorber outside the virial bounds of the nearest galaxy. The warm phase of this absorber is consistent with being transition temperature plasma either at the interface regions between the hot intragroup gas and cooler photoionized clouds within the group, or associated with high velocity gas in the halo of a $\lesssim L^*$ galaxy. The absorber highlights the advantage of O VI-BLA absorbers as ionization model independent probes of warm baryon reserves. |
37188120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-13T21:14:01.936Z | 2010-07-16T00:00:00.000Z | E-learning support for students to generate questions originated from descriptions in course materials
In any e-learning system, students are required to study some course materials normally prepared in the form of textbooks. However it is not an easy task for many students to understand these textbooks. When some doubts and/or questions arise as to descriptions within textbooks, they usually tend to solve this difficulty by themselves or with their friends. This paper gives a prototype of a feedback support system in an e-learning where students are encouraged to feedback questions to lecturers by sending selected portions of descriptions in the textbook showing where and why they are in a trouble in understanding the textbook materials. |
19577420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:40:33.585Z | 2000-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Caries in Five-year-old Children and Associations with Family-related Factors
It is generally understood that the teeth of pre-school-aged children are healthy, but the improvement in the dmft index has halted in the industrialized countries. Those few children who have caries have more of it than before. Little is known of the family-related factors which are associated with this polarization of caries. A representative population-based sample consisted of 1443 mothers expecting their first child. The children were followed at well-baby clinics and public dental health clinics for over five years. The objective was to study the prevalence of dental caries and its predictors in five-year-old children and to assess children's own dental health habits and the meaning of family-related factors in dental health. The findings were based on questionnaire data from parents and on clinical dental examinations of the five-year-old children as completed by 101 public health dentists. In firstborn five-year-old children, dental health was found to be good in 72%, fair in 20%, and poor in 8% of the cases. The final multivariate analysis illustrated that the dmft index > 0 was independently associated with the mother's irregular toothbrushing (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.4-3.5), annual occurrence of several carious teeth in the father (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.9-3.6), daily sugar consumption at the age of 18 months (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.1), occurrence of child's headaches (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.5-8.8), parents' cohabitation (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.5-7.6), rural domicile (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-4.5), and mother's young age (OR 5.0; 95% CI 1.3-19.8). The findings indicated that attention should be paid not only to the child's dental health care but also to that of the whole family. Parents should be supported in their upbringing efforts and encouraged to improve their children's dental health habits. In everyday life, parents function as role models for their children, and therefore, parents' own dental hygiene habits are very meaningful. |
45266170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:01:48.912Z | 1993-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Infantile Spasms in One Member of a Family with Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions
Summary: Seven members of two generations experienced benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC) in the neonatal period and/or early infancy. All but 1 family member had a good prognosis. One family member with infantile spasms (IS) was delivered by cesarean section at 37 weeks gestation. Birth weight (2,562 g) was slightly lower than that of other family members. At age 20 days, adversive seizures started. At age 1 month, 10 days, she developed complex partial seizures (CPS) and IS. Interictal EEG showed hypsarrhythmia. Biochemical investigations and head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed no abnormalities. Treatment with valproate (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) stopped the seizures, and she had no seizures after age 3 months. Psychomotor development was moderately delayed at 8 months. This is the first reported case of a severe epilepsy, IS, in association with BFNC. |
236583570 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-08-02T00:05:44.993Z | 2021-05-12T00:00:00.000Z | Holographic Feature Learning of Egocentric-Exocentric Videos for Multi-Domain Action Recognition
Though existing cross-domain action recognition methods successfully improve the performance on videos of one view (e.g., egocentric videos) by transferring the knowledge from videos of another view (e.g., exocentric videos), they have limitations in generality because the source and target domains need to be fixed aforehand. In this paper, we propose to solve a more practical task of multi-domain action recognition on egocentric-exocentric videos, which aims to learn a single model to recognize test videos from either egocentric perspective or exocentric perspective by transferring knowledge between two domains. Though previous cross-domain methods can also transfer knowledge from one domain to another one by learning view-invariant representations of two video domains, they are not suitable for the multi-domain action recognition task because they always suffer from the problem of losing view-specific visual information. As a solution to the multi-domain action recognition task, we propose to map a video from either egocentric perspective or exocentric perspective to a global feature space (we call it holographic feature space) that shares both view-invariant and view-specific visual knowledge of two views. Specially, we decompose the video feature into view-invariant component and view-specific component, where view-specific component is written into memory networks for saving view-specific visual knowledge. The final holographic feature combines view-invariant feature and view-specific features of two views based on the memory networks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with extensive experimental results on two public datasets. Moreover, the good performances under the semi-supervised setting show the generality of our model. |
253997370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-11-27T17:06:29.656Z | 2022-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Fabrication and Characterization of Semi-Crystalline and Amorphous Dielectric Polymer Films for Energy Storage
Dielectric polymer films are energy storage materials that are used in pulse power operations, power electronics and sustainable energy applications. This paper reviews energy storage devices with focus on dielectric film capacitors. Two prominent examples of polymer dielectrics Polyetherimide (PEI) and Poly (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride) (THV) have been discussed. Polyetherimide (PEI) is an amorphous polymer recog-nized for its high-temperature capability, low dielectric loss and high dielectric strength. THV is a semi-crystalline polymer with high dielectric constant, high-temperature capability and charge-discharge efficiency. The primary focus of this paper is to introduce the reader to the fabrication procedures and characterization techniques used in research labs for processing of dielectric polymers. The fabrication and characterization process of both polymers has been discussed in detail to shed the light on experimental process in this area of research. |
245620320 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-01-02T16:09:35.862Z | 2021-12-30T00:00:00.000Z | Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Some Novel Chloroquinoline Analogs
Quinoline heterocycle is a useful scaffold to develop bioactive molecules used as anticancer, antimalaria, and antimicrobials. Inspired by their numerous biological activities, an attempt was made to synthesize a series of novel 7-chloroquinoline derivatives, including 2,7-dichloroquinoline-3-carbonitrile (5), 2,7-dichloroquinoline-3-carboxamide (6), 7-chloro-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (7), 7-chloro-2-ethoxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (8), and 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbonitrile (12) by the application of Vilsmeier–Haack reaction and aromatic nucleophilic substitution of 2,7-dichloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde. The carbaldehyde functional group was transformed into nitriles using POCl3 and NaN3, which was subsequently converted to amide using CH3CO2H and H2SO4. The compounds synthesized were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Compounds 6 and 8 showed good activity against E. coli with an inhibition zone of 11.00 ± 0.04 and 12.00 ± 0.00 mm, respectively. Compound 5 had good activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with an inhibition zone of 11.00 ± 0.03 mm relative to standard amoxicillin (18 ± 0.00 mm). Compound 7 displayed good activity against S. pyogenes with an inhibition zone of 11.00 ± 0.02 mm. The radical scavenging activity of these compounds was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and compounds 5 and 6 displayed the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 2.17 and 0.31 µg/mL relative to ascorbic acid (2.41 µg/mL), respectively. The molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds was conducted to investigate their binding pattern with topoisomerase IIβ and E. coli DNA gyrase B. Compounds 6 (−6.4 kcal/mol) and 8 (−6.6 kcal/mol) exhibited better binding affinity in their in silico molecular docking against E. coli DNA gyrase. The synthesized compounds were also found to have minimum binding energy ranging from −6.9 to −7.3 kcal/mol against topoisomerase IIβ. The SwissADME predicted results showed that the synthesized compounds 5–8 and 12 satisfy Lipinski’s rule of five with zero violations. The ProTox-II predicted organ toxicity results revealed that all the synthesized compounds were inactive in hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity. The findings of the in vitro antibacterial and molecular docking analysis suggested that compound 8 might be considered a hit compound for further analysis as antibacterial and anticancer drug. The radical scavenging activity displayed by compounds 5 and 6 suggests these compounds as a radical scavenger. |
130250870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-25T13:09:45.629Z | 2015-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Isotopic Geochemistry of Cadmium: A Review
Cadmium (Cd) is a scarce, but not an extremely rare element in the Earth's crust (crustal average: 0.2 ppm Cd). Geochemically, Cd exhibits thiophile, lithophile, and volatile behavior in different geologic processes. Biologically, it is a nutrient‐like element that is closely related to P and Zn and is toxic element to organisms. Presently, Cd isotopes have been successfully utilized to trace Cd sources and nutrient cycling in marine systems in addition to unearthing other geochemical processes. Using published studies and our recent work, this survey summarizes the chemical preparation and mass spectrometry of Cd isotopes. It also reviews Cd isotopic compositions and fractionation mechanisms in nature as well as experiments. |
14932570 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2003-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Charge Asymmetry Measurement in CDF Run 2
We present the status of the forward-backward charge asymmetry measurement for W boson production using early Run 2 data collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). Tracking for forward electrons is a critical component of this measurement, and we describe a new technique which combines the position and energy measurements from the calorimeter with position measurements in the silicon detector to provide tracking and charge determination for electron candidates. The performance of this algorithm is described and the sensitivity for the W charge asymmetry measurement with Run 2 data is quantified. |
53027870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-11-10T06:29:28.198Z | 2018-09-15T00:00:00.000Z | Elastic Modulus Maturation Effect on Shrinkage Stress in a Primary Molar Restored with Tooth-Colored Materials.
Purpose: Polymerization shrinkage stress is determined by shrinkage as well as elastic modulus. Elastic modulus develops during polymerization. This study evaluated how elastic modulus affects shrinkage stresses in a primary molar for three types of restorative materials. Methods: Elastic modulus of resin composite, compomers, and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) were determined using four-point bending of rectangular beams at 10 minutes, 24 hours, and after one to four weeks storage in water (n equals 10). Results were analyzed using twoway analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons (α equals 0.05). The elastic moduli were used with published shrinkage data to calculate stresses at the tooth-restoration interface in finite element models of a cross-sectioned restored primary molar. Results: The elastic modulus ranged between 5.6 to 19.9 gigapascal. Elastic modulus values were lowest at 10 minutes, regardless of material, and increased significantly (43 to 95 percent) in 24 hours; RMGI continued to increase (64 percent) for one week. Shrinkage stresses increased nonproportionally (resin composite 31 percent, compomer 35 percent, RMGI 52 percent) with increasing elastic modulus for sustained volumetric shrinkage. Conclusions: Elastic modulus development is material dependent and an important factor in polymerization shrinkage stress. Maturation of restorative materials can cause long-lasting stress increases if shrinkage is not alleviated by hygroscopic expansion. |
27019820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-24T17:25:33.048Z | 2009-05-20T00:00:00.000Z | Neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) for triple-negative locally advanced breast cancer (LABC): Retrospective analysis of 125 patients.
625 Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined by lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. There is no consensus regarding optimal CT for treatment of such patients. Preclinical data suggests TNBC may be sensitive to platinums because of deficiencies in BRCA-associated DNA repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate pathologic complete response (pCR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with TNBC treated with neoadjuvant platinum-based CT.
METHODS
We identified 674 patients with LABC who received neoadjuvant CT between January 1999 and June 2008 at University of Miami. Of these, 125 (18.5%) had histopathologic confirmation of TNBC. All patients received neoadjuvant platinum salts + docetaxel. 76 (61%) also received neoadjuvant AC, while 42 (34%) received adjuvant AC. pCR was defined as no residual invasive disease in breast and axilla. OS was calculated according to Kaplan-Meier.
RESULTS
Demographics: median age 50 (28-86 years). 60% premenopausal. TNM stage distribution: T1 0.9%, T2 5.2%, T3 53.4%, T4 40.5%, N0 25.0%, N1 36.2%, N2 35.4%, N3 3.4%, M0 100%, inflammatory 11%, median tumor size = 9.5 cm. Follow up duration ranged from 0.3 to 8.9 years. pCR was observed in 42 of 125 patients (34%; 95% CI 26-43%). Among patients receiving neoadjuvant AC, 30 of 76 (40%; 95% CI 28-51%) had pCR, while amongst those receiving adjuvant AC, 12 of 42 (29%, 95% CI 16-45%) had pCR at the time of definitive surgery. Patients achieving pCR had significantly higher OS (5-yr rate = 73% in pCR, vs. 49% in non-pCR; p < 0.001). OS in TNBC patients receiving cisplatin/docetaxel was significantly superior to those receiving carboplatin/docetaxel (11 mortality events out of 78 patients receiving cisplatin based CT vs 24 out of 47 receiving carboplatin based CT logrank p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
To date, this is the largest single institution cohort of locally advanced TNBC uniformly treated with platinum+docetaxel-based CT regimens. Platinum/docetaxel-based neoadjuvant CT provided high rates of pCR and excellent OS for women with locally advanced TNBC. No significant financial relationships to disclose. |
62331470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-28T15:21:04.488Z | 2000-02-20T00:00:00.000Z | QoS guarantees and performance analysis in mobile wireless ATM networks
Current research in wireless ATM networks focuses on its design, its protocol stack, data link layers, and issues related to mobility management functions but QoS guarantees during handoff has received limited attention. We present a new framework in this paper to allocate resources to both new calls and handoff calls based on the resource availability at the intermediate nodes also. The criterion for determining a route for a call is based on a combination of the resource availability at the links and the QoS requirements. We propose an algorithm that assigns the resources to the links proportional to the resource availability so as to reduce congestion on the heavily used links, and thereby reducing the chance of call failure and handoff failure. Another contribution in this paper is the performance analysis of wireless ATM network. The effects of different mobility parameters, blocking probability and handoff failure are examined for homogeneous traffic condition. We also present results about delay under heterogeneous traffic conditions. |
45110070 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:58:41.447Z | 2007-11-30T00:00:00.000Z | PDE4D gene in the STRK1 region on 5q12: susceptibility gene for ischemic stroke.
Stroke is thought to be a multifactorial disease that is affected by several environmental factors and genetic variants. In 2002, a candidate locus for stroke (STRK1) was identified with a significant logarithm of odds (LOD) score at 5q12 in Caucasians, and in 2003, the PDE4D gene was subsequently identified as a susceptibility gene at this locus. Some investigators have recently examined whether polymorphisms in the PDE4D gene are associated with stroke in population studies. Some of these studies have reported the polymorphisms to be associated with a risk of stroke, while others have reported the exact opposite. These discrepancies have been attributed to racial differences or differences in methodologies and analyses. In 2006, a powerful method for isolating the susceptibility region at 5q12 was reported in a haplotype-based case-control study. In the present paper, we review both current issues and progress in the isolation of susceptibility genes for ischemic stroke, with particular emphasis on the PDE4D gene in the STRK1 region of 5q12. |
44501170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-10-17T09:02:50.722Z | 2006-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Culture of Growth and the Culture of Limits
David Orr’s wise words give us a wonderful example of the ways and means a great leader causes change. Abraham Lincoln is a superb example because the magnitude of his issue was nation threatening and dramatic. Slavery was not just another issue that happened to cause a war, like the assassination in Sarajevo in 1914, but an institution that led to a moral paradigm change of gargantuan proportions. Orr articulates the qualities and moral vision of Lincoln that helped hold the nation together. I believe the issue of sustainability is best framed as a total change in all our habits, lifestyles, and values. Sustainability is slavery squared. It takes us back to the bedrock of our very way of life and of creating wealth, and it will require us to develop a whole new culture. As Orr points out, this will be no ordinary task. C.P. Snow (1993, cited in Sowell 2002) contrasted the differences between the world of science and the world of letters and went on to observe, “Between the two is a gulf of mutual incomprehension . . . sometimes hostility and dislike, but most of all lack of understanding.” This same two-culture metaphor is useful to spotlight what I consider a new chasm of “mutual incomprehension” inherent in the sustainability issue—the culture of growth and the culture of limits. Are resources finite or infinite? Can we solve the problems of growth with more growth? Will existing mechanisms and institutions (including capitalism) be sufficient and as successful for the next 200 years as they have been for the last 200 years? There is the culture of growth that denies limits and the culture of limits that seeks to adapt to those limits. Aldo Leopold (1949) saw a similar conflict in writing about his land ethic: |
28136370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-24T19:27:47.378Z | 2012-01-04T00:00:00.000Z | A Model and Exploratory Field Study on Team Creativity
Organizations increasingly rely on teams to solve problems creatively or design new products and services. Research to date has mostly focused on individual creativity, rather than team creativity. This paper introduces the Team Creativity Model (TCM) to understand the antecedents of team creativity. TCM posits that both individual creativity and shared mental models (SMMs) contribute to team creativity. SMMs act as a mediator between knowledge sharing and team creativity. Antecedents to individual creativity include an individual's propensity to be creative and individual knowledge. Individual knowledge also is an antecedent to knowledge sharing, as are an individual's propensity to share knowledge and trust within the team. In an exploratory study at a telecom company, a team of design experts participating in four creative sessions provided initial support for the TCM constructs and their relationships. The findings suggest that further exploratory and empirical research on TCM is justified. Some tentative implications for research and practice are presented. |
17599520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-01-02T08:36:42.462Z | 2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Decentralizing DNS : Peers , Infrastructure , and Internet Governance
In late 2010, the WikiLeaks organization made thousands of secret U.S. diplomatic cables public. It subsequently lost its web hosting company and the wikileaks.org domain. A new wave of interest in creating a competing root-server, able to rival the one administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), was prompted by well-known Internet “anarchist” Peter Sunde, best known as the co-founder of The Pirate Bay. An alternative Domain Name System (DNS) was envisaged as a decentralized, peerto-peer (P2P) system in which volunteer users would run a portion of the DNS on their own computers. Under this system, any domain made temporarily inaccessible would remain accessible on the alternative registry. Instead of adding a number of DNS options to those already accepted and administrated by ICANN (as OpenNic or NewNet had before), this radical move would supersede one of the main DNS governance institutions, favoring instead a distributed, user infrastructure-based model. Yet, what would it take to reinvent the Internet’s “phone book”? This article outlines the technical, social, and political implications of the “decentralized DNS” debates. Specifically, it highlights how they propose an alternative model of Internet governance, Francesca Musiani is a post-doctoral researcher at the Center for the Sociology of Innovation, MINES ParisTech. She was the 2012-13 Yahoo! Fellow in Residence at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University, Washington, DC (where she has taught in the Master of Science in Foreign Service), and an affiliate of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University. |
167600520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-29T13:17:05.960Z | 2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Choice of Finance Management Target of Morden Enterprise
Concerning the business enterprise finance management target,have most the representative's a few standpoints are a profits to maximize,the each interest on shares is smooth to maximize,business enterprise the value maximize.This text manages the target to carry on to this a few finances more analytical,the aim is choose certain a kind of match our country the finance management environment of finance management target. |
15761970 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T18:39:25.896Z | 2013-10-16T00:00:00.000Z | Research on Image Matching Algorithm Based on Local Invariant Features
As an important foundation for image-guided technology, image matching technique is the key technology of modern war. This paper proposes a new algorithm of affine invariant detector and descriptor of local invariant feature points, starting from feature point detection and description point of view, making up the traditional feature point extraction defects of small number and types. Meantime, proposes an improved similarity measure method based on the previously proposed new feature point detection and description algorithm, it improves the matching accuracy and real-time performance. Finally, compares the experiment results of SURF, SIFT and the improved algorithm proposed in this paper, the experimental results shows that the feature points extracted by the improved algorithm has fully affine invariance, and improved the accuracy and speed of image matching algorithm efficiently. |
14241320 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-17T01:14:21.789Z | 2015-05-11T00:00:00.000Z | A system dynamics model for managing service desk capacity
Information technology (IT) services have become more complex and diversified. The service desk establishes a single channel of communication between the internal IT provider and its users, through which incidents and problems are analyzed, escalated and resolved. Managers need to analyze different operating scenarios regarding service desk capacity to make effective decisions about what should be improved to meet the business demands. This paper presents a system dynamics model for evaluating an organization's service desk's service capacity. The model allows the performance simulation of scenarios, estimating the service capacity. Preliminary results are promising and seem to contribute to the improvement of capacity management processes. |
27268920 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-09-06T08:34:01.089Z | 2004-08-31T00:00:00.000Z | Structural evolution of a two-component organogel.
Dry reverse micelles of AOT in isooctane spontaneously undergo a microstructural transition to an organogel upon the addition of a phenolic dopant, p-chlorophenol. This microstructural evolution has been studied through a combination of light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), NMR, and rheology. Several equilibrium stages between the system of dry reverse micelles of AOT and a 1:1 AOT/p-chlorophenol (molar ratio) gel in isooctane have been examined. To achieve this, p-chlorophenol is added progressively to the dilute solutions of AOT in isooctane, and this concentration series is then analyzed. The dry micelles of AOT in isooctane do not undergo any detectable structural change up to a certain p-chlorophenol concentration. Upon a very small increment in the concentration of p-chlorophenol beyond this "threshold" concentration, large strandlike aggregates are observed which then evolve to the three-dimensional gel network. |
162363520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-24T13:08:07.077Z | 1991-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Roma (Gypsies) in the Soviet Union and the Moscow Teatr ‘Romen’
The Moscow Teatr “Romen,” dating back to 1931, is famous throughout the Soviet Union, and its performers have been some of the country's best-known. The Teatr “Romen” connects Roma from all over the country, and many who work there are related; three generations of a family may appear on the stage at one time. These families, along with Roma working as professionals, make up an lite within the Romani community in Moscow. They are the most outwardly assimilated (wearing European dress, etc.), most fluent and literate in Russian as well as Romani. These families usually move in different spheres than do Roma who live in villages around Moscow and work in cooperatives or as independent merchants, although extended family networks may include Roma of all spheres. Most studies of Gypsies (including those of non-Roma, such as Irish Travellers in the United Kingdom) assume a certain homogeneity of culture and of class: The refusal to acknowledge Gypsy upward mobility in the context of a dominant society has also prevented research of class difference within Gypsy groups and created a sense of marginalized homogeneity that does not reflect reality. The Teatr “Romen” is a case that demands such acknowledgment. Yet, in a sense, these élite performers are doubly marginal, both as performers and as ethnic outsiders who “threaten the rhetoric and narratives of nationalism.” Currently in the USSR, such narratives are in flux, as many national minorities demand greater cultural and political autonomy. Roma, however, are not demanding their own republic, and requests for schools and radio shows are often tempered by the assertion that, “this country has been kind to Gypsies.” Roma élites are also in a peculiar position: charged with representing Roma to outsiders, they are also concerned about maintaining the integrity of the urban community as Roma. Because of this, they must negotiate the interstitial area between cultures. |
35374070 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:52:11.872Z | 2016-01-11T00:00:00.000Z | Freestanding Flag-Type Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting High-Altitude Wind Energy from Arbitrary Directions.
Wind energy at a high altitude is far more stable and stronger than that near the ground, but it is out of reach of the wind turbine. Herein, we develop an innovative freestanding woven triboelectric nanogenerator flag (WTENG-flag) that can harvest high-altitude wind energy from arbitrary directions. The wind-driven fluttering of the woven unit leads to the current generation by a coupled effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. Systematic study is conducted to optimize the structure/material parameters of the WTENG-flag to improve the power output. This 2D WTENG-flag can also be stacked in parallel connections in many layers for a linearly increased output. Finally, a self-powered high-altitude platform with temperature/humidity sensing/telecommunicating capability is demonstrated with the WTENG-flag as a power source. Due to the light weight, low cost, and easy scale-up, this WTENG-flag has great potential for applications in weather/environmental sensing/monitoring systems. |
110785520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:04:05.145Z | 2014-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Application of Hot Gas Powder Sintering in Robotics
The work describes the application of hot gas powder sintering using robotic positioning system with special equipment, designed for this new way of manufacturing technology. Material used for this type of sintering is recycled dust portion of PET plastics, which proposes potential possibility of costs reduction for this kind of production technology, which is focused on the use unusable materials. This opens new potential trends in robotics application, even in a new technology, suitable for rapid prototyping in mechanical engineering. It is sintering of the plastics powder using hot gas, usually nitrogen or any inert gas, to propose the best material structure without any deformation. |
22675520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:45:54.525Z | 2004-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Cost Benefit Analysis of Neurostimulation for Chronic Pain
Objectives:To assess the healthcare utilization of patients with intractable chronic neuropathic pain treated with spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation and to provide a cost-benefit analysis. Methods:The case records of 222 consecutive patients who received spinal cord stimulation or peripheral nerve stimulation implants at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between 1990 and 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were asked to complete a Neurostimulation Outcome Questionnaire designed to gather data on utilization of healthcare resources starting 1 year before surgical implantation. These data were pooled and net differences in events per patient per year, before and after device implantation were calculated and modeled to 2000 cost data obtained from the Medicare Fee Schedule and Healthcare Financing Administration. Results:Neurostimulation Outcome Questionnaires were returned by 128 patients. The mean patient age was 46 ± 12.5 years (range 21–71 years) and the mean implant duration was 3.1 ± 2.3 years (range 0.5–8.9 years). The mean per patient total reimbursement of spinal cord stimulation/peripheral nerve stimulation absent pharmacotherapy was $38,187. Patients treated with spinal cord stimulation/peripheral nerve stimulation for pain management achieved reductions in physician office visits, nerve blocks, radiologic imaging, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and surgical procedures, which translated into a net annual savings of approximately $30,221 and a savings of $93,685 over the 3.1-year implant duration. The large reduction in healthcare utilization following spinal cord stimulation/peripheral nerve stimulation implantation resulted in a net per patient per year cost savings of approximately $17,903. Discussion:The reduced demand for healthcare resources by patients receiving neurostimulation suggests that peripheral nerve stimulation and spinal cord stimulation treatment, although associated with relatively high initial costs, demonstrates substantial long-term economic benefits. Thus, neurostimulation should be considered as a viable option for the early treatment of patients with intractable chronic neuropathic pain. |
13307670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:35:35.433Z | 2008-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Vitronectin and Its Receptors Partly Mediate Adhesion of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Peritoneal Mesothelium in vitro
Epithelial ovarian cancer cells metastasize by implanting onto the peritoneal mesothelial surface of the abdominal cavity. Adhesive molecules that lead to this implantation remain unclear. The aim of our study was to focus on the role of vitronectin (Vn) and its receptors, αv integrins and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), in the interactions of ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (IGROV1 and SKOV3 cell lines) with mesothelial cells (MeT-5A cell line and primary cultures). For all cell lines, immunofluorescence staining disclosed the presence of Vn over the whole cell surface and in thin continuous deposits underlining the cell periphery. Recruitment of Vn receptors to cell-cell contact sites was also revealed. We developed two distinct methods for the evaluation of in vitro cell-cell adhesion using cocultures of the tumor and mesothelial cells. Both adhesion assays revealed a strong ability of ovarian cancer cells to adhere preferentially to mesothelial intercellular junctions. Adhesion of ovarian carcinoma cells to mesothelial cells was significantly inhibited using anti-Vn-, -αv-integrin- and -uPAR-blocking antibodies or cyclic peptide cRGDfV. These results evidence the ability of ovarian carcinoma cells to bind to peritoneal mesothelium in vitroand strongly suggest that Vn and its receptors contribute to this crucial event. |
109627370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-03-14T22:51:50.573Z | 2006-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Supply chain management for fast-moving products in the electronic industry
The objective of this Thesis was to strategically redesign and transform the supply chain of a series of detonators in a leading Company serving the oil and gas industry. The scope of the Thesis included data gathering and analysis, and the proposal and implementation of possible solutions. The issues addressed included sourcing and partnership strategies and development of systemic inventory management policies. We optimized the inventory policies to minimize the ordering and holding costs while improving the customer service level. For this purpose, we considered the entire supply chain starting from the Company's internal and external suppliers and Subcontractors all the way to the end-customers. By considering all these players we were able to globally optimize the supply chain. The inventory policy used was a periodic review policy for which we optimized the reorder, order-up-to level and Safety Stock levels. We analyzed the effects of the forecasting error and the potential benefits of risk pooling. We also identified and recommended a new push-pull boundary for the Company's detonator products and provided a generic platform to identify this boundary for other products within the Company. The supply chain management system and managerial insights developed from this project can potentially be extended to other products and divisions within the Company. Thesis Supervisor: David Simchi-Levi, Ph.D. Title: Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Systems Co-director, LFM and SDM Programs |
33949620 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-12-30T06:53:58.772Z | 2009-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Letter to the Editor: Risk factors for falls in stroke patients during inpatient rehabilitation
I read with interest the recent article published in Clinical Rehabilitation February 2009 titled ‘Risk factors for falls in stroke patients during inpatient rehabilitation’. We recently published a similar article in the journal Rehabilitation Nursing May/June 2008 titled ‘An analysis of falls occurring in patients with stroke on an acute rehabilitation unit’. Our analysis came to some of the same conclusions. We studied 754 acute stroke patients for 24 months of which 117 fell (15.5%), with a falls index rate of 8.2. No injury was observed in 143 of the 159 fall cases (90%). 50% of the falls occurred during the first week of the patient’s stay, and almost all occurred in the patient’s own room. Fallers were more cognitively impaired and had moderate walking ability (not totally paralysed) and this risk increased during rehabilitation as they gained more motor return. Several questions arise about this study. First, their fall percentage was similar to our study 15.5% vs. 16.3% and also the falls index rate 8.2 vs. 7.6 (compared with the usually quoted figure of 25% to 39% in an acute rehabilitation setting without falls prevention strategies). We achieved this low rate by introducing falls prevention strategies. How were these low rates achieved in this study? Second, it has been difficult to gauge stroke severity based solely on the functional Barthel ADL Index. One could appreciate the degree of stroke severity better by using motor impairment scales. The authors evaluated language (aphasia) and visuo-spatial neglect, yet there was no mention of other cognitive domains such as attention, memory and judgement that could be responsible for falls. Third, in the discussion of this paper the authors comment that patients who perform poorly on activities of daily living are at an increased falls risk, yet in the same breath they comment that these patients are likely to make ‘good functional recovery’. How is that reconcilable? Fourth, the authors state that measures of ADL are better in informing the risk of falls than impairment measures. The authors have not provided us with this information about their study. How do they arrive at this conclusion? Finally, it would have been helpful to see the discharge disposition of the fallers after they completed their inpatient rehabilitation. It would enable the reader to understand the clinical significance of their study. |
65432720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-17T14:20:14.647Z | 2019-05-10T00:00:00.000Z | Research on index weight of logistics integration based on cloud models
Accurate evaluation on development of logistics integration is conducive to the coordinated development in Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region. Results of the index weight setting directly influence the accuracy of the evaluation results. Weight is cognition and evaluation of objective things made by human based on aspect of important degree of objective things. People's subjective initiative in setting index weight, in a sense, leads to the natural language having obvious fuzziness and randomness, uncertainty. In this paper, based on the research of weight setting in China and abroad, the weight system is designed qualitatively and quantitatively by using the cloud models so that the weight results are close to human cognition and easy to understand and accept. |
159167520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-21T13:06:31.282Z | 1978-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Juan De Bolas And His Pelinco
There is a prevailing notion, initiated perhaps by Edward Long, that the sources for the history of Jamaica during the 1 7th and 1 8th centuries are very thin, One hears it said for instance, that a good deal of licence is possible in writing about Juan de Bolas 'since we really know so little about him', The aim of this article is to demonstrate the falsehood of this belief, at least in this particular case, and to set out the facts of Juan de Bolas' life as we at present know them. 1 . Pelinco at Murmuring Brook (a) 11th Article of Capitulation 'That all the slaves, Negroes and others ordered by their masters to appear on the 26th of this month before His Excellency in the Savanna near this town to hear and understand the favours and acts of grace that will be told them concerning their freedom' translation by J. L. Pietersz, The Jamaican Historical Review, I (1945) (b) Ysassi to the king of Spain, 16 August 1658 'I have not done a small thing in conserving [the fugitive Negroes], keeping them under my obethence when they have been sought after with papers from the enemy. I have promised their Chiefs freedom in Your Majesty's name but have not given it until I receive an order for it' (F. Cundall and J. L. Pietersz, Jamaica under the Spaniards, Kingston 1919, p. 81). On May 10th, 1655,1 the English began landing a force of about 7,000 men at called Passage Fort The Spaniards could muster less than 200 ill- armed militiamen to resist them, and by May 17th were consequently obliged to agree to the surrender-terms one of which is set out in (a) above. We have, of course, no means of knowing if Venables intended to grant 'favours and acts of grace' to those whom the Spaniards had enslaved. In any case, most of them very soon freed themselves, retreating to the woods from where they began to wage guerilla warfare on the English invaders. Christob al de Ysassi, who emerged as the leader of the Spanish resistance claimed that he collected these 'fugitive Negroes' and settled them under their own leaders at three places in the interior. We cannot tell how important Ysassi' s role really was in the emergence of these settlements, or how closely he was able to control them. However. It looks as though he at least maintained contact with them, and as he claims in (b) succeeded for some years in persuading them not to make peace with the English. One of the three settlements was in the hills above Guanaboa Vale, and its leader was Juan Lubolo. The precise site of his pelinco has now been lost, but it seems very likely that it was just to the south of Murmuring Brook, in the district now called Juan de Bolas.4 Here the guerillas, who eventually numbered about 180,5 built up a thriving settlement, constructing a town and planting about 200 acres of provisions.6 This food probably played an important part in supplying parties moving through Murmuring Brook in order to strike at the English outposts. In the first months after the English invasion, Lubolo' s men were probably active on the plain below, picking off stragglers from the invading army. However, once Edward D'Oyley had begun to organize the English more effectively, such random actions be came fewer; after that it was chiefly the raiding-parties organized by Ysassi which earned the war on. We have accounts of these operations from both sides, and they do not suggest that Lubolo and his pelinco were very active in this phase of the struggle. 2. Discovery and surrender (a) from D'Oyley' s journal 'Order issued to Mr. Peter Pugh to pay Lt. Carman as a reward out of the impost money for taking two Negroes, twenty pounds sterling, dated 16th January 1660' (British Library, Additional Manuscripts 12423, fo. 83r°). (b) Colonel Edward Tyson to the Admiralty, 1 February 1660 '[I] have had the good success of finding out where the Negroes have lurked these four years undiscovered, who have built a town and planted about 200 acres of provisions; [I am] now in parley with them and doubt not a good issue' Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1675-1676, No. … |
73391820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-11T13:08:15.723Z | 2008-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effects of antioxidant supplements consumed at night on endothelial function in healthy volunteers
The endothelium is an active tissue; it performs many anti-atherogenic functions and its functional efficacy is an important factor in CVD risk. Epidemiological data suggest that there is a peak incidence of cardiovascular events during the early morning (1) . The existence of a 24 h circadian rhythm in endothelial function, which is attenuated in the early morning, is one potential factor for this peak in incidence (2) . Recently, dietary intake and nutritional supplementation have been shown to have effects on endothelial function. The aim of the present project was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of antioxidant supplements taken at night, in the form of multivitamin and mineral tablets, on morning endothelial function. It is hypothesised that night-time antioxidant supplementation will improve early-morning endothelial function. A range of nutrition supplements widely available in health food shops were assessed for antioxidant capacity before the start of the study. Seven healthy volunteers were recruited (two males and five females; mean age 24.1 (SE 7); BMI 21.6 (SE 1.8) kg/m 2 ; non-smokers; free from prescribed medication and nutritional supplements). They were instructed to consume an ABC plus multivitamin and multimineral formula tablet (Holland and Barrett, Nuneaton, War., UK), antioxidant level 250 mmol Trolox per tablet, at 21.00 hours every evening. One subject was excluded on the basis of measurement precision. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery using an ultrasound technique. Resting arterial diameter (AD) was measured at baseline and post treatment to ensure measurement occurred in the same position on the brachial artery. FMD, blood glucose, NEFA and TAG were assessed at pretreatment and after 6 weeks of supplementation. The Table shows baseline AD and percentage FMD pre- and post supplementation. Mean percentage FMD increased by 44 % from pretreatment (5.39 (SE 0.61)) to week 6 (7.78 (SE 2.15)) but the increase was not significant (P = 0.25). Resting AD pre- and post treatment were similar (3.42 (SE 0.11) v. 3.43 (SE 2.15); NS). No significant changes in plasma glucose, TAG or NEFA levels were observed over 6 weeks. |
145808220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-06T14:06:46.685Z | 2010-04-09T00:00:00.000Z | The joint effects of personality and job scope on in-role performance, citizenship behaviors, and creativity
This study examined the relation between personality and three dimensions of job performance (in-role performance, creativity, and citizenship behavior) under differing levels of job scope. The basic premise was that higher job scope would facilitate performance for those who were dispositionally inclined toward a particular dimension of performance and damage the performance of those who were dispositionally disinclined. Among 383 work-unit dyads in 11 organizations, some support was found for the predicted interactions between Big Five personality traits and job scope in predicting various aspects of performance. |
15056920 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2007-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Gradient Decoding Revisited
Modern coding applications, including dirty paper coding and information hiding, hinge critically on a classical 'general decoding problem,' known to be NP hard. Various attempts to find good solutions at reasonable complexity can be traced throughout the decades, most recently with attempts to achieve the rate-distortion bound in code word quantization. Here we take a step back to examine two computationally simple procedures in this direction: gradient decoding and a simple yet surprisingly effective variant on belief propagation that we dub truthiness propagation. |
9237420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:05:44.027Z | 2016-09-10T00:00:00.000Z | Glucosylation Mediated Rolling Circle Amplification Combined with a qPCR Assay for the Detection of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine.
The detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a newly recognized epigenetic mark, is essential to its functional study. Here, an efficient and simple two-step-amplification method to detect 5hmC mediated by glucosylation is reported, which combines rolling circle amplification (RCA) and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In the first step RCA, the glucosylated 5hmC (5ghmC), but not 5hmC, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) or cytosine (C) bases, could directly and specifically inhibit the activity of phi29 DNA polymerase, resulting in less RCA product compared to that using C-/5mC-/5hmC-containing templates. Then, the second step qPCR is adopted to test and verify the difference of the product quantity of 5ghmC-related RCA. The results show that the delta cycle threshold, ΔCt, obtained by subtracting the cycle threshold value (Ct) of C-related qPCR from that of each qPCR, of 5ghmC-related qPCR reaches 1.59 ± 0.03, significantly different from that of C-/5mC-/5hmC-related qPCR (-0.00 ± 0.09, 0.06 ± 0.08 and -0.02 ± 0.03, respectively). Meanwhile, a linear relationship is observed between the 5ghmC levels and the ΔCt values. This suggests that the strategy has a potential application for 5hmC detection and quantification. |
19869970 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:57:24.126Z | 1994-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Optimization of the mouse ear swelling test for in vivo and in vitro studies of weak contact sensitizers
*
Murine models for the assessment of the contact sensitizing properties of chemicals rely on mouse ear swelling tests (Mest), which are not sensitive enough to detect weak sensitizers. The aim of the present study was to develop in mice an adjuvant‐free Mest appropriate for in vivo detection of any type of sensitizer (weak to strong), and useful for in vitro assessment of contact sensitivity (CS). 3 haptens were tested: dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), para‐phenylenediamine (pPD) and isoeugenol. We compared various protocols for induction of the CS reaction, differing by the site of induction, the number of applications and the concentrations of the 3 haptens. Comparison of the induction site for optimal CS reaction showed that, in Balb/c mice, the back was a better site of induction than the abdomen. Detection of the sensitizing properties of weak sensitizers (pPD, isoeugenol) was possible using an adjuvant‐free protocol, provided that the induction phase comprised hapten applications on 3 consecutive days on the backs of animals. For DNCB, one application was sufficient to obtain optimal CS reaction. For all 3 haptens, a secondary response in vitro was obtained using semi‐purified lymph node T cells from animals sensitized 5 days before with the optimized Mest. These results demonstrate that the Mest could be a useful experimental model for the study of all types of contact sensitizers. |
22969120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:34:10.672Z | 2007-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Evaluation of persistence of terbinafine in the hair of normal cats after 14 days of daily therapy.
This study determined the residual concentration of terbinafine in cat hair after 14 days of oral treatment. Ten clinically normal cats were administered terbinafine orally at a daily dose of 34-45.7 mg kg(-1) for a total of 14 days. Areas of 15 cm(2) were shaved on the lateral thorax at day 0 and weekly for 8 weeks after the last dose of terbinafine. The hair samples were analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography to determine the persistence of terbinafine over time. The mean terbinafine concentration in hair was 2.30 ng mg(-1) after 14 days of therapy. The half life was 1.84 weeks after the last dose of terbinafine. With a 99% confidence interval, the concentration of terbinafine remained in the cat hair at or above 0.03 ng mg(-1) (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)(90) = 0.03 microg mL(-1)) for 5.3 weeks. Slight deviations in the complete blood cell count and serum chemistry values were not attributed to terbinafine. Four cats experienced vomiting during the terbinafine treatment; two of these cats also experienced intense facial pruritus followed by a macular to papular skin reaction 7-14 days after the discontinuation of terbinafine. In summary, terbinafine persists in hair at concentrations above the MIC for several weeks after stopping medication, even after short-term therapy (14 days). These results suggest that pulse therapy of terbinafine should be further researched and potentially considered as a treatment modality for feline dermatophytosis, an approach that would decrease treatment duration while maintaining effectiveness. |
15779370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T08:57:17.513Z | 2009-09-24T00:00:00.000Z | Symbol Synchronization Capture Method on SFH-GMSK - PART II: The Capture Method
this paper applies the theoretical analysis result about the SFH-GMSK signal in the Part I companion paper that the differential demodulation GMSK signals and their phases both are periodic, and the period is integer multiple of symbol interval Tb during switching-frequency protecting code. Based on these, this paper as the Part II companion paper puts forward one symbol synchronization capture method based on SNR using the switching-frequency protecting code, and the capture time and probability of it are also particularly analyzed in this paper. The analysis indicates that this capture method is not only simple and convenient for digital realization, but also is rapid and effective. So the SFH communication can be established effectively |
143538470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-04T13:05:49.373Z | 2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | A Rough Road Map to Reflexivity in Qualitative Research into Emotions
In qualitative research into emotions, researchers and participants share emotion-laden interactions. Few demonstrate how the analytic value of emotions may be harnessed. In this article we provide an account of our emotional experiences conducting research with two groups: adults living with cystic fibrosis and spouse caregivers of cancer patients. We describe our emotion work during research interviews, and discuss its methodological and theoretical implications. Reflections depict competing emotion norms in qualitative research. Experiences of vulnerability and involuntary “emotional callusing” illustrate the insight into participants’ experiences afforded to us through emotion work. This prompted us to extend Hochschild’s theory to incorporate unconscious activity mediated through habitus, allowing us to demonstrate how the “emotional” nature of emotions research can galvanize analytic insight. |
182081170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-07T22:23:17.496Z | 2019-05-22T00:00:00.000Z | Advances in Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites
Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Kerala 673635, India Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taibah University, Yanbu Albahr 41911, Saudi Arabia Global Frontier R&D Center for Hybrid Interface Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609735, Republic of Korea School of Physical Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded 431-606, India Department of Chemistry, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE Advanced Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-07, India |
56362870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-18T14:01:46.084Z | 2018-10-10T00:00:00.000Z | SMART COMPANIES: How to reach sustainability during a digital transformation
These are difficult times! Almost every industry is facing a real risk of disruption from cutting-edge technologies in the digital world. This reality drives companies to change and adapt their business models to remain competitive. They must succeed in transforming their business through technology, or they'll face destruction at the hands of their rivals that do. Furthermore, the search for sustainability continues to be one of the main matters that companies are investing in. This paper is an attempt to discuss how to seize the opportunity of digital transformations in order to reach sustainability. It starts by defining the concepts of digital transformation and sustainability. After, it answers, through real world examples, how companies, during a digital transformation, could increase profitability and their social footprint while reducing their impacts on environment. The paper discuss after, a survey, in the Moroccan context, of the relationship between digital transformation and sustainability among 15 companies (from 40 companies contacted) from different sectors. It also explains the Moroccan actual context using a game theory approach. |
45455420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:06:48.061Z | 1991-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Of birds and nests and brain emboli.
Technological methods for diagnosing brain embolism have improved. Both donor sources and recipient sites are now more readily documented. Embolism is a dynamic process. Thrombi develop and change in their cardiac or arterial 'nests', discharge into the vascular system, lodge in brain or systemic arteries, and often break up and move on. Traditionally, clinicians have sought to distinguish a cardiac from intraarterial source in order to prescribe warfarin for cardiac origin embolism. Most often surgery or aspirin is given for intraarterial embolism. Yet substances that embolize from either site are diverse. Might identification of the embolic material ("birds") be a more rational guide to treatment than simply the locations of the "nests"? |
38957520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:25:38.925Z | 1990-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Increased cerebral blood flow in idiopathic pseudotumour cerebri.
Cerebral blood flow was studied in nine patients with idiopathic pseudotumour and one patient with cortical vein thrombosis in Denver, Colorado using the 133Xe inhalation method. Globally elevated blood flows were found in all of the idiopathic pseudotumour patients averaging 149% of control values generated in the same setting. The patient with the cortical vein thrombosis demonstrated normal global flows. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms for these findings are discussed. |
252189770 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-09-12T15:33:30.377Z | 2022-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Decision-making in formation of mean-VaR optimal portfolio by selecting stocks using K-means and average linkage clustering
Stock is one of the investment assets that has its charm for investors. It is very liquid and has a high rate of return, but it has a high risk. The strategy commonly used to minimize investment risk is to diversify through portfolio formation. A good allocation of funds must be determined in forming an optimal portfolio. In addition, the method of stock selection needs to be considered so the stocks are well diversified and the portfolio developed has good performance. This study aims to compare stock selection between K-Means and Average Linkage clustering approaches in forming an investment portfolio. Clustering analysis is used to group IDX80 stocks based on their attributes. In forming a portfolio with the Mean-VaR model, the stock selection decision criteria used are by selecting stocks with the highest positive returns from each cluster. As a result, the two clustering techniques show the superiority of the Silhouette score for a certain number of clusters, but there are still more advantages in Average Linkage. The portfolio approached by Average Linkage resulted in a better performance than the portfolio approached by K-Means. Therefore, Average Linkage clustering can be used as a better recommendation in decision-making to select stocks so as to produce optimal portfolio performance. |
14497220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-04-07T00:00:00.000Z | 2011-06-26T00:00:00.000Z | Semantically annotating research articles for interdisciplinary design
Biologically inspired design is an important emerging movement in engineering design. Finding relevant biological sources of inspiration from existing biology literature is one of the important challenges of this activity. We conjecture that annotating biology articles with lightweight Structure-Behavior-Function (SBF) models is one way to address this challenge. We present Biologue, a social citation cataloging system that allows its users to gather, organize, share, and most importantly, annotate scholarly articles with SBF models. This feature not only allows the implementation of search mechanism that is more targeted to the needs of designers seeking bio-inspiration, but also helps designers make sense of the articles returned by the search mechanism. |
30360370 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:40:17.715Z | 1990-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The protective effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in regional intestinal ischemia in the hamster.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether gamma-hydroxybutyrate provides protection against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and to compare its effect with that of allopurinol and vitamin E. Thirty minutes of total regional ischemia, followed by 3 hours of reperfusion, produced intestinal damage that was completely prevented by gamma-hydroxybutyrate pretreatment. Naloxone partially blocked this protective effect. Allopurinol provided only partial protection against this injury, whereas vitamin E provided none. Treatment with gamma-hydroxybutyrate after ischemia but before reperfusion also provided significant protection. This study clearly demonstrates that gamma-hydroxybutyrate provides significant protection against intestinal ischemic injury and that it may do so via an opiate receptor-mediated mechanism. |
132576020 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-26T14:25:43.017Z | 2017-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | F3 layer development during quiet and disturbed periods as observed at conjugate locations in Brazil: The role of the meridional wind
In this work we use ionospheric data from two low‐latitude stations located north and south of the geomagnetic equator, at approximately the same magnetic longitude, in order to study the occurrence of the F3 layer. The location of the stations being at almost geomagnetically conjugate points is such that the effects of the electric field/vertical plasma drift and diffusion will be almost symmetric around the magnetic equator. Under this configuration it is possible to deduce the effect of meridional wind in the F3 layer occurrence. Our results show that during the December solstice the layer will be present at the Southern Hemisphere (SH) location in 97% of the days and in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) location in only 4% of the days. In the June solstice the situation is reversed with the occurrence in the NH being 82% and 16% in the SH. For the March equinox the occurrence is low at both locations (4% in NH and 7% in SH), being mainly present during magnetically disturbed periods. The analysis of the effective meridional wind based on the Horizontal Wind Model and on the asymmetry of the F layer peak height observed at the two locations confirms the ubiquitous role of the wind in the F3 layer formation and/or persistence during both quiet and disturbed periods. The B0 parameter, that is a measure of the thickness of the bottomside F region profile, revealed to be a good proxy for the F3 layer occurrence. |
22699220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T09:24:58.812Z | 2009-06-21T00:00:00.000Z | Single element 3-terminal pressure sensors: A new approach to pressure sensing and its comparison to the half bridge sensors
We report the development of a novel 3-terminal single element piezoresistor for ultra-miniature pressure sensor applications and compare its performance to that of a traditional half Wheatstone bridge design. The pressure sensors reported here are 0.69-French in size (1F= 333µm) and are designed and batch-fabricated using SOI (silicon on insulator) and DRIE (deep reactive ion etching) technologies. One of the major applications of this device is for blood pressure monitoring using ultra-miniature 1F catheters. The combination of SOI and DRIE technologies results in uniform diaphragm thickness and complete elimination of the post-processing dicing step by micromachining “die separation streets” during the DRIE process. The novel 3-terminal single element design and half Wheatstone bridge sensors were optimized using finite element analysis (FEA). Performance characteristics of the half bridge and 3-terminal sensors, i.e. sensitivity, nonlinearity (NL%), temperature coefficient offset (TCO) and drift were measured and compared. It was determined that the 3-terminal pressure sensors (3-TPS) had greater sensitivity, better non-linearity and lower drift compared to half bridge design sensors. The 3-TPS devices were also less sensitive to alignment errors. |
221387670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-08-27T09:14:03.062Z | 2020-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | DC Electric Arc Furnace Modelling for Power Quality Indices Assessment
The operation of an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) determines power quality disturbances in terms of voltage fluctuations and waveform distortions, due to the particular nature of the heating process and of the electric arc phenomenon. The analysis of DC EAFs and their induced power quality disturbances may be conveniently posed within a chaotic modeling framework. This paper presents a procedure for tuning the parameters of a chaotic model for the DC electrical arc. The procedure is based on a Simulink representation of the DC EAF installation and on the Chua’s model to represent the arc chaotic behaviour. The parameters of the Chua’s model are iteratively tested and optimized to minimize the errors in the evaluation of the spectral content of current waveforms at the point of common coupling. Data measured at the point of common coupling of an actual DC EAF are considered to carry out numerical simulations aimed at verifying the effectiveness of the proposed tuning procedure. |
116863470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-17T15:33:30.043Z | 2019-04-16T00:00:00.000Z | Review: Rapid-acting analogues do not differ from regular human insulin for mortality or HbA1c in type 2 diabetes
Question In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, what are the efficacy and safety of rapid-acting insulin analogues compared with regular human insulin (RHI)? Review scope Included studies compared rapid-acting insulin analogues (insulin lispro, insulin aspart, insulin glulisine, or biosimilars) with RHI in adults 18 years of age who had type 2 diabetes. Studies were excluded if insulin was not administered subcutaneously via syringe, pen, or pump; treatment duration was <24 weeks; or pregnant women were included. Outcomes included mortality, macrovascular and microvascular complications, severe hypoglycemic episodes, glycemic control (hemoglobin [Hb] A1c), and nonsevere hypoglycemic episodes. Review methods EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (Oct 2017); MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (Oct 2018); and reference lists, abstracts from major diabetology meetings, and pharmaceutical companies' trial registers were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The 3 main pharmaceutical companies producing rapid-acting insulin analogues, experts, and approval agencies were consulted. 10 RCTs (n =2751, mean age 57 y, 55% men when reported), ranging in size from 12 to 892 patients, met the selection criteria. Trial duration ranged from {24}* to 104 weeks (mean 41 wk). 5 trials had adequate random sequence generation, and 5 adequately reported allocation concealment. All trials were open-label, with no blinding of patients or investigators. 8 trials were at least partially commercially funded, and 2 did not report funding. Main results The results of meta-analyses for mortality, glycemic control, and nonsevere hypoglycemic episodes are in the Table. Heterogeneity of reporting precluded meta-analysis of severe hypoglycemic episode results; none of the 6 trials that reported this outcome showed a difference between treatment groups. No trials reported on macrovascular and microvascular complications. Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes, rapid-acting insulin analogues do not differ from regular human insulin for mortality or glycemic control. Rapid-acting insulin analogues vs regular human insulin (RHI) in patients with type 2 diabetes Outcomes Number of trials (n) Weighted event rates At 24 wk Insulin analogues RHI RRI (95% CI) Mortality 6 (2519) 0.4% 0.2% 66% (53 to 555) Mean difference (CI) Glycemic control (HbA1c) 9 (2608) 0.03% (0.16 to 0.09) Nonsevere hypoglycemic episodes (mean episodes /patient/mo) 7 (2667) 0.08 (0.00 to 0.16) Hb = hemoglobin; other abbreviations defined in Glossary. RRI and CI calculated from RHI event rate and odds ratio in article. Commentary The recent Cochrane review by Fullerton and colleagues found that rapid-acting analogue insulins did not reduce HbA1c more than RHI. The quality of some of the included trials may be questionable, but the results are similar to those of a 2014 report that found that 7 of 9 RCTs of patients with type 2 diabetes showed no difference in HbA1c between analogue insulins and RHI (1). These results are in contrast to the repeated recommendations from specialty organizations and specialists to use analogue insulins (2). Why? Perhaps it is based on the small pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between analogue insulins and RHIs. However, with 20% to 30% intraindividual day-to-day variability in response to insulin, these minor pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic differences are clinically irrelevant. For instance, most of us were taught that RHI should be injected 20 to 30 minutes before a meal. However, a crossover study revealed no difference in glucose levels for 6 weeks after regular insulin was given either 20 minutes or just before meals (3). The cost of insulin tripled from 2001 to 2010 and doubled yet again between 2012 and 2016, with analogue insulins costing 2.5 times as much as RHI in the USA. Because of these increased costs, 25% of patients who require insulin are not taking the full amount of their prescribed doses (4). The results of the review by Fullerton and colleagues show that there is no reason not to use RHIs, which are less costly than analogue insulins. |
6218720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:30:48.198Z | 1986-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Terminators of transcription with RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli: what they look like and how to find them.
We present here a compilation of prokaryotic transcription terminator sequences (ref. 1-152). The compilation includes 49 independent terminators, 52 speculated independent terminators, 27 sites shown to function in vivo, and some 20 proven or speculated rho-dependent terminators. In addition to the well-known features of independent terminators (dyad symmetry and T-run), two consensus are found: CGGG(C/G) upstream and TCTG downstream of the termination point. A subset of the collection of sequence has been used to construct a computer algorithm to locate independent terminators by sequence analysis. |
31913520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-12-05T02:04:28.423Z | 2016-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Blogs in a Changing Social Media Environment: Perspectives on the Future of Blogging in Scandinavia
In this paper, we investigate the change in the online landscape of blogging in the Scandinavian context through a mixed methods approach. The literature on blogs has emphasized the necessity of learning about why and how people blog as it can help us understand how information is created and shared online (Chau & Xu, 2012). Despite the rich literature on blogs, few studies have addressed the change in the landscape and in the paths of blogger participation. To gain a broader view on the perceptions of the future of blogging, we draw on findings from a focus group interview and in-depth one-on-one interviews with longterm bloggers as well as a blog reader survey. By organizing our findings with Schmidt’s (2007) analytical framework, our research furthers knowledge on how the changes in external expectations such as commercial entities and blog communities affect the rules and relations of bloggers. We argue that the growth and shifting landscape of blogging as core type of technology-mediated social participation system carries the potential to dramatically change the practice of online personal sharing and online communities of practice among bloggers. |
206572720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:05:48.589Z | 2017-08-23T00:00:00.000Z | Autocatalytic Pyrolysis of Wastewater Biosolids for Product Upgrading.
The main goals for sustainable water resource recovery include maximizing energy generation, minimizing adverse environmental impacts, and recovering beneficial resources. Wastewater biosolids pyrolysis is a promising technology that could help facilities reach these goals because it produces biochar that is a valuable soil amendment as well as bio-oil and pyrolysis gas (py-gas) that can be used for energy. The raw bio-oil, however, is corrosive; therefore, employing it as fuel is challenging using standard equipment. A novel pyrolysis process using wastewater biosolids-derived biochar (WB-biochar) as a catalyst was investigated to decrease bio-oil and increase py-gas yield for easier energy recovery. WB-biochar catalyst increased the py-gas yield nearly 2-fold, while decreasing bio-oil production. The catalyzed bio-oil also contained fewer constituents based on GC-MS and GC-FID analyses. The energy shifted from bio-oil to py-gas, indicating the potential for easier on-site energy recovery using the relatively clean py-gas. The metals contained in wastewater biosolids played an important role in upgrading pyrolysis products. The Ca and Fe in WB-biochar reduced bio-oil yield and increased py-gas yield. The py-gas energy increase may be especially useful at water resource recovery facilities that already combust anaerobic digester biogas for energy since it may be possible to blend biogas and py-gas for combined use. |
201393820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-23T01:04:13.704Z | 2019-08-07T00:00:00.000Z | English for Secretarial Program: Target and Learning Needs of 'Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi' Vocational School Students
English is one of compulsory subjects in vocational high schools. It is a required school subject as students of vocational school graduates are prepared to work based on their major and skills. In addition, in the workplace context, English is the common foreign language used in and among divisions in the workplace. To help the students use the language appropriately, schools need to prepare them with adequate learning materials. Thus, reliable sources of learning, one of which is English coursebooks, should incorporate appropriate language input for the students specifically devised for vocational school students. Unfortunately, most of the coursebooks contain materials which do not meet target and learning needs of the students who study in vocational schools. Therefore, this study aimed at examining their target and learning needs of English, particularly for those taking secretarial program. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire consisting of target and learning needs items was distributed to the subjects of the research. The findings of this research revealed that the target needs of the students who majored in the secretarial program are to be able to communicate in English both in oral and written texts, vocabulary enhancement related to the workplace, and to pass the national exam. As for the learning needs, most of the students are keen on learning English from authentic materials integrated in all language skills.Keywords: materials development, target and learning needs, ESP |
108997320 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-12T13:52:41.886Z | 1991-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Development of fast breeder reactor fuel reprocessing technology at the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation
For the past two decades, a broad range of research development (R D) programs to establish fast breeder reactor (FBR) system and its associated fuel cycle technology have been pursued by the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC). Developmental activities for FBR fuel reprocessing technology have been primarily conducted at PNC Tokai Works where many important R D facilities for nuclear fuel cycle are located. These include cold and uranium tests for process equipment development in the Engineering Demonstration Facilities (EDF)-I and II, and laboratory-scale hot tests in the Chemical Processing Facility (CPF) where fuel dissolution and solvent extraction characteristics are being investigated with irradiated FBR fuel pins whose burn-up ranges up to 100,000 MWd/t. An extensive effort has also been made at EDF-III to develop advanced remote technology which enables to increase plant availability and to decrease radiation exposures to the workers in future reprocessing plants. The PNC and the United States Department of Energy (USDOE) entered into the joint collaboration in which the US shares the R Ds to support FBR fuel reprocessing program at the PNC. Several important R Ds on advanced process equipment such as a rotary dissolver and a centrifugal contactor system aremore » in progress in a joint effort with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Consolidated Fuel Reprocessing Program (CFRP). In order to facilitate hot testing on advanced processes and equipment, the design of a new engineering-scale hot test facility is now in progress aiming at the start of hot operation in late 90's. 31 refs., 2 tabs.« less |
45896470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:38:59.635Z | 2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Active and Sedentary Video Game Time
This study used survey methodology to measure opinions of 13- to 15-year-olds (N = 176) about sedentary and active video games and the relative amount of time spent with those games, and evaluated correlations between time spent with those two types of games and the body mass index (BMI) of the respondent. Results showed no evidence of any correlation between BMI and relative time devoted to video game usage by type of game (active versus sedentary), nor any support for a correspondence between overall levels of time spent with video games and BMI. Yet, the data did point to a nonlinear association in which those who devoted more than 50% of the total time they spend with video games on sedentary games had a higher BMI than those who spent less than 50% of their video gaming time with sedentary games. Important gender differences also emerged in the adolescents’ opinions of active versus sedentary games. |
236763870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-08-03T00:04:16.886Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Regional nodal irradiation in the setting of sentinel node biopsy
: The need for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with invasive breast cancer (IBC) has been a topic of great debate in the last decade. The role of axillary management in patients with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) negative or micrometastatic disease is well established after multiple trials demonstrated no survival benefit with the addition of ALND (NSABP B32, IBCSG 23-01, AATRM048); yet, there remains controversy in the management of SLNB positive disease. ALND has traditionally been the standard of care following positive SLNB, however, results from recent studies have identified that further surgical exploration of the axilla may be overtreatment in these patients. In order to de-escalate treatment, non-surgical options such as regional nodal irradiation (RNI) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have been increasingly explored. Trials evaluating the role of RNI following positive SLNB have suggested that RNI is non-inferior to ALND and provides superior outcomes with an improved toxicity profile (AMAROS, MA.20, EORTC 22922). NAC has been explored in the treatment paradigm in patients with locally advanced disease, however, the role of SLNB and RNI in this setting remains unequivocal. This review aims to provide an update on the role of RNI following SLNB in IBC using an evidence-based approach. Ongoing clinical trials will clarify the role of axillary management after NAC in cN1 patients. In the Alliance A011202 trial, the role of ALND versus axillary nodal irradiation is addressed. Patients with clinical T1–3, N1 breast cancer treated with NAC and subsequent positive SLNB are randomized to receive ALND or axillary nodal irradiation along with radiotherapy to the whole breast or chest wall. Both groups will receive radiotherapy to the supraclavicular fossa. Patients in the ALND arm will receive radiotherapy to the undissected axilla. The target accrual is 1,660 patients and the primary study endpoint is invasive breast cancer recurrence-free interval (IBC-RFI) (NCT01901094). The NSABP B-51/RTOG 1304 trial is investigating the role of RNI in the same patient population who achieve pCR at ALND following NAC. Patients who present with clinical T1–3 tumors and N1 disease who achieve pCR post NAC are randomized to receive axillary RNI versus no further axillary treatment. Patients who receive RNI will also receive radiation to the whole breast or chest wall. The target accrual is 1,636 patients with the primary study endpoint of IBC-RFI (NCT01872975). |
27006020 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-19T07:01:52.715Z | 1985-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Coupling Efficiency of Helical Coil Hyperthermia Applications
Experimental measurements have been made of the coupling efficiency of helical coil applicators operating under conditions simulating the regional hyperthermic heating of human extremities. We have found that for both saline and layered fat-muscle arm-size phantoms, the coupling efficiency ranged from 56 to 86 percent depending upon the specific coil-phantom combination employed. Helical coil applicators, therefore, seem to be inherently efficient devices for extremity heating. |
225827220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-07-30T02:05:05.108Z | 2020-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Reviving Pan-Arabism in Feminist Activism in the Middle East
This essay is a preliminary attempt to explore the potential of a feminist, Pan-Arab ideology in relieving some of the tensions in feminist movement building in the Middle East and North Africa region. In its current formulation, regional feminisms suffer from compounded inefficiencies due to fragmentations in grassroots, civil society organizing; an overreliance on the state and state actors including NGOs and discourses of neoliberal development; and a narrow focus on a human rights approach for feminist action. Nonetheless, the present also offers a number of opportunities that are often omitted in our analysis of these disabling tensions. These include women’s growing salience and their increasing presence in public, political spaces of mobilizing, organizing and resistance, which has facilitated communication and negotiation with and within state apparatuses. Opportunities also exist thanks to the enabling and connective nature of the Internet for the purpose of transnational feminist organizing. Crucially, it is the idea that a single, organized and unified movement will gather more support, and collect greater influence than would be the case if these movements remained in their divided and atomized states. Ultimately, this piece is an exercise of feminist imagination – one that envisions the ways in which a regional feminism can emerge based on an active struggle against patriarchy in all its manifestations. |
229382670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-12-26T05:20:44.322Z | 2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Leveraging Reinforcement Learning for User Pairing in Full Duplex Networks
In this article we employ a reinforcement learning solution called Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) over the framework of Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) to solve User Equipment (UE) pairing problem in Full Duplex (FD) network. In the context of the total data rate maximization problem, our proposed solution is capable of learning the best UE pair iteratively by exploring and exploiting the solution space. By the presented simulation results, we show that our proposed algorithm is more robust to the absence of knowledge about interUE Channel State Information (CSI). In the complete absence of CSI about inter-UE channel gains, our proposed solution overperforms the Maximum Rate (MR) solution by 26%. Keywords— Reinforcement Learning, Full-Duplex, Multiarmed bandit. |
120941720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-19T13:12:54.084Z | 2008-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Brauer–Manin obstruction on del Pezzo surfaces of degree 2 branched along a plane section of a Kummer surface
Abstract This paper discusses the Brauer–Manin obstruction on double covers of the projective plane branched along a plane section of a Kummer surface from both the practical and the theoretical points of view. Theoretical highlights include the determination of a complete set of generators for the Brauer group; on the practical side, we give several surfaces with a Brauer–Manin obstruction and verify that the Brauer–Manin obstruction is the only one for a collection of several thousand surfaces of this type. |
216103820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-04-24T13:18:05.597Z | 2019-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | UiTM Share Ride: Requirements Validation, Design and Development of a Campus Ride-Sharing Mobile Application
The excessive number of cars entering university campus and limitation of parking areas have resulted in difficulty of finding parking spaces for many university staff and students. It is a typical issue occurring in most of university campuses all around the world. Carpooling or ride-sharing is viewed as the practical approach to solve this problem. The suggestion to share rides will lessen the amount of vehicles entering university campuses thus reducing parking space problem and decrease fuel emission for a cleaner and healthier environment. Thus, development of a campus ride-sharing mobile application will be a good medium for university staff and students to share their rides and solve this pressing issue in many campuses. This research has attempted to validate the system requirements for UiTM Share Ride mobile application, followed by designing and developing the mobile application using Android platform for UiTM’s staff and students. Four phases have been undertaken in order to complete the research, which are preliminary study, requirements validation, user design, and followed by application construction. The outcome is a UiTM Share Ride mobile application, which can manage ride sharing requests among passengers and drivers in UiTM communities that will eventually solve the issue of congestion in the university campus. |
10821920 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:16:56.050Z | 2010-07-20T00:00:00.000Z | Iron, Lead, and Children's Behavior and Cognition.
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world, with consequences of ID and ID anemia (IDA) in young children including behavioral and cognitive deficits. In turn, lead exposure is one of the most common environmental toxicants affecting children. Elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in young children are also associated with behavioral and cognitive deficits. The metabolic and physiological connections between iron and lead, including a common route of entry into the body and similar neural targets, suggest a considerable overlap in their effects on functional outcomes. Very few studies have examined the existence of increased susceptibility to lead neurotoxicity in children with ID, but there is evidence that ID and BLL are independently associated with cognition and behavior. Children's susceptibility to both ID and elevated BLLs will likely depend on the timing and severity of both exposures, something that should be investigated systematically. |
245080720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-12-12T17:09:30.379Z | 2021-11-24T00:00:00.000Z | Acquiring accidental aspergillosis
Aspergillus is an all-pervasive mold with the potential to cause severe invasive infections in the immunocompromised. A rare cutaneous manifestation of Aspergillus infection, primary cutaneous aspergillosis (PCA), occurs in just 1-5% of invasive aspergillosis cases. Prompt treatment is indicated as PCA may progress to a disseminated state. We present a unique case of an immunocompetent individual diagnosed with PCA two weeks after trauma and subsequent surgery. |
145198610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-06T14:08:25.592Z | 2012-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Socio-technical regimes and sustainability transitions
Sustainability is increasingly becoming a core focus of geography, linking subfields such as urban, economic, and political ecology, yet strategies for achieving this goal remain illusive. Socio-technical transition theorists have made important contributions to our knowledge of the challenges and possibilities for achieving more sustainable societies, but this body of work generally lacks consideration of the influences of geography and power relations as forces shaping sustainability initiatives in practice. This paper assesses the significance for geographers interested in understanding the space, time, and scalar characteristics of sustainable development of one major strand of socio-technical transition theory, the multi-level perspective on socio-technical regime transitions. We describe the socio-technical transition approach, identify four major limitations facing it, show how insights from geographers – particularly political ecologists – can help address these challenges, and briefly examine a case study (GMO and food production) showing how a refined transition framework can improve our understanding of the social, political, and spatial dynamics that shape the prospects for more just and environmentally sustainable forms of development. |
110027660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:10:49.820Z | 2014-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | FREIGHT-HANDLING TECHNOLOGIES AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDING DESIGN: FREIGHTHOUSE AND WAREHOUSE FACILITIES OF THE CHICAGO JUNCTION RAILWAY, 1900–30
Abstract Among the first US railway companies to use the electric tractor and elevator in freight-handling buildings, the Chicago Junction Railway (CJR) primarily served industries in the rapidly growing Central Manufacturing District. CJR freight-handling services were initially provided in single-storey, and subsequently multi-storey, brick and mill buildings, using hand trucks, with only limited storage and warehousing space available. Labour cost savings, and changes in the scale and flexibility of freighthouse operations, possible with the electric tractor and elevator, allowed the CJR to meet the demand for increased freight-handling and warehousing capacity by augmenting older facilities with multi-storey, integrated freighthouse and warehouse buildings, latterly built with steel-reinforced concrete. |
144584260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-05T13:06:28.799Z | 2008-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Rethinking Relationships, Reconfiguring Teacher Research: Teachers as Ethnographers of Culture, Childhood, and Classrooms
Abstract In this article, we employ multiple lenses to examine a state-funded teacher research institute designed to meld ethnographic and teacher research with anthropological and sociological studies of childhood. Planned as support for the work of teachers in reservation schools, the institute's classes, book talks, methods exercises, and subsequent classroom-based research were intended to help teachers understand learning as a constructive meaning-making activity carried out by their students. However, we anticipated neither the difficulties that we would encounter in recruiting Native American teachers nor those that teachers would meet in carving out time to conduct ethnographic research in their classrooms. This article is an attempt to let go of our preconceptions about the way that the institute should have unfolded and to privilege the richness of the teachers' unexpected discoveries. |
159950260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-21T13:07:15.324Z | 1997-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Triumph of the Null: Structure and Conflict in the Command of German Land Forces, 1939-1945
On 8 October 1943, the Organization Branch of the German Army General Staff officially confirmed a remarkable division of responsibilities within the High Command.1 The branch published a notice stating that the Chief of the General Staff was responsible only for the Field Army's operations in the east. Operations in the other theatres west, north, south and south-east were under the control of the Armed Forces Operations Staff, an element of the Armed Forces High Command.2 In other words, the Chief of the General Staff had lost control of a significant portion of the army's field forces, while the Operations Staff, which originally had been created to provide broad strategic guidance, functioned instead as a parallel operational headquarters. This development is revealing. It was the result of a process that owed more to personal and organizational ambition and rivalry than to military necessity and reason, and it reduced the Wehrmacht's operational effectiveness.3 The structure of the German command system has not received much attention in the literature on the Second World War. General and popular histories rarely mention it; a few even seem unsure of the difference |
123884760 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-03-06T19:42:58.000Z | 1998-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Statistical Inference for Lorenz Curves with Censored Data
Lorenz curves and associated tools for ranking income distributions are commonly estimated on the assumption that full, unbiased samples are available. However, it is common to find income and wealth distributions that are routinely censored or trimmed. We derive the sampling distribution for a key family of statistics in the case where data have been modified in this fashion. |
236711910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-08-03T00:04:26.960Z | 2021-03-06T00:00:00.000Z | NASA's Lucy Mission to the Trojan Asteroids
The Lucy mission, which is part of NASA's Discovery Program, is the first reconnaissance of the Jupiter Trojans, objects that hold vital clues to deciphering the history of the Solar System. Due to an unusual and fortuitous orbital configuration, Lucy will perform a comprehensive investigation that visits seven of these primitive bodies, covering both the $\mathbf{L}_{4}$ and $\mathbf{L}_{5}$ swarms and all the known taxonomic types. In particular, Lucy will perform flybys of 3548 Eurybates and its satellite Queta ( $\mathbf{L}_{4}$ , C-type), 15094 Polymele ( $\mathbf{L}_{4}$ , P-type), 11351 Leucus ( $\mathbf{L}_{4}$ , D-type), 21900 Orus ( $\mathbf{L}_{4}$ , D-type), and the 617 Patroclus-Menoetius binary ( $\mathbf{L}_{5}$ , P-types). Eurybates and the binary are of particular interest. Eurybates is the largest member of the only major disruptive collisional family in the Trojan swarms. The Patroclus-Menoetius binary, which consists of two roughly equal mass objects in a circular mutual orbit, is likely a leftover from the first generation of planetesimals in the Solar System. |
41380760 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:06:32.319Z | 2005-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Could homeopathic medicine be utilised as a treatment for teething?
Despite much debate, teething is commonly believed to include a cluster of distressing symptoms. Over the centuries various treatments have been used and fallen into disrepute. Homeopathy has a track record of consistent and effective management of teething, treating the whole child regardless of the source of the distress. This article explores the literature on teething and calls for more research to be directed towards homeopathy's holistic approach towards managing teething symptoms. |
31316860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:52:09.692Z | 2010-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Growth and survival signalling in B16F10 melanoma cells in 3D culture
The two‐way communication between the ECM (extracellular matrix) and the cytoplasm via the integrins has many functions in cancer cells, including the suppression of apoptosis. As cells in a 3D (three‐dimensional) architecture resemble the in vivo situation more closely than do cells in more conventional 2D cultures, we have employed a substratum that prevents cell adhesion and induces cell aggregation to determine why highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells resist anoikis. We compared the behaviour of B16F10 cells in 2D [on tPS (tissue culture polystyrene)] and 3D culture {on polyHEMA [poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)]} configurations. For this, we analysed cell morphology, proliferation, apoptosis and the activation status of several proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival [RhoA, FAK (focal adhesion kinase), Akt, ERK1/2 (extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 1/2)]. B16F10 cells in 3D architecture were able to proliferate as cell aggregates for 3 days, after which the number of cells decreased. The normal Swiss 3T3 cells used as an anoikis‐sensitive control did not proliferate on the anti‐adhesive substratum. Rho A was activated in B16F10 aggregates throughout their time in culture, whereas it was not in Swiss 3T3 aggregates. An absence of apoptotic activity was correlated with the proliferation of B16F10 cells in aggregates: caspase 3 was significantly activated only after 3 days in culture on polyHEMA. FAK and Akt were transiently activated, and their inactivation was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. ERK1/2 were activated throughout the 3D culture. No survival protein was activated in Swiss 3T3 aggregates. Data obtained from cells in 3D culture suggest that B16F10 cells are resistant to anoikis through the activation of the FAK and Akt signalling pathways. |
25230160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:26:41.076Z | 1997-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The effect of fatigue on multijoint kinematics, coordination, and postural stability during a repetitive lifting test.
Because of the inability of strength tests to accurately discriminate between low back pain patients and healthy subjects, a multifactorial evaluation of low back pain patients is warranted. It is postulated that measurements of endurance, kinematics, postural stability, and coordination, in addition to strength, are necessary to fully document the patients' functional capabilities. This research study was conducted in order to understand the effects of fatigue on the above factors. Twelve healthy male subjects performed a repetitive lifting test in which a submaximal load was lifted at a maximal rate. Knee, hip, and trunk motion was measured using videography and electrogoniometry, postural stability was measured using a forceplate, and coordination parameters were determined using phase-plane analysis. Fatigue was documented by a 31% reduction in lifting power. At the end of the endurance test, there was less knee and hip range of motion and greater spine peak flexion, while the coordination measures demonstrated that there was greater hip and lumbar spine extension earlier in the lifting phase. The postural stability declined as the test endured. Utilization of these measures may guide physical therapists in their rehabilitation of low back pain patients. |
42468360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:19:04.175Z | 1975-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Erythroplakia of the oral cavity
Erythroplakia of the oral cavity is a specific disease entity which must be differentiated from other specific or nonspecific inflammatory oral lesions, although this can only be done in most cases by biopsy. A series of 58 cases of oral erythroplakia has been retrieved from 65,354 consecutively accessioned biopsy‐surgical specimens. The disease was found to have no apparent sex predilection (31 males and 27 females) and was most frequently seen during the 6th and 7th decades. The most common site of occurrence in females was the mandibular alveolar mucosa‐mandibular gingiva‐mandibular sulcus, whereas this was the least common site in males. The floor of the mouth was the most common site in males, followed by the retromolar area in both males and females. The histologic findings emphasized the serious nature of the disease, since 91% of the specimens were either invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, or severe epithelial dysplasia. |
36643860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:47:18.369Z | 2003-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Hepatitis C virus in sickle cell disease.
PURPOSE
To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) in patients with sickle cell disease.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between 1983 and 2001, 150 patients from the Howard University Hospital Center for Sickle Cell Disease were screened for HCV antibody (52% women, 48% men, mean age 34 years). Frozen serum samples from 56 adult sickle cell patients who had participated in previous surveys (1983-92) of HIV and HTLV-1 serology and who were tested in 1992 for anti-HCV antibody--when commercial ELISA test (Ortho) became available--were included in this paper. Of the 150 patients in the study, 132 had sickle cell anemia genotype (SS), 15 had sickle cell hemoglobin-C disease (SC) and three had sickle beta thalassemia. Clinical charts were reviewed for history of blood transfusion, IV drug abuse, homosexuality, tattooing, iron overload, and alcohol abuse.
RESULTS
Antibodies to HCV were detected in 53 patients (35.3%). Of the 55 patients who had frozen serum samples tested in 1992, 32 (58%) were reactive for anti-HCV, while only 21 of the 95 patients (22%) tested after 1992 were positive for HCV antibodies (P<0.001). Thirty-nine of 77 patients (51%) who received more than 10 units of packed red blood cells were positive for HCV antibody, and only 14 of 61 patients (23%) who received less than 10 units of packed red blood cells transfusion were positive for HCV antibodies (P<0.001). None of the 12 patients who never received transfusion were positive for HCV antibody. In the 53 anti-HCV positive patients, the mean alanine amino-transferase (ALT) value was 98- and 81 U/L, respectively, for males and females. These values were normal for the HCV-antibody negative patients. The aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and the total bilirubin were also higher in the anti-HCV positive patients compared to patients in the anti-HCV negative group. Forty-four patients (57.1%) who were transfused more than 10 units developed iron overload defined by a serum ferritin level higher than 1,000 ng/ml. A total of 20 of the patients with iron overload underwent liver biopsies. Seven of these 20 patients (35%) were HCV positive. These patients often had more severe liver disease and higher degree of iron deposition.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of HCV antibody and iron overload is directly related to the number of blood transfusions in patients with sickle cell disease. The prevalence of HCV infection has decreased significantly, since blood donor screening for HCV became available. Chronic HCV infection and iron overload place sickle cell patients at risk for significant liver disease. |
22248910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-19T01:49:02.525Z | 2016-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Adaptive nested terminal sliding mode control for a hypersonic vehicle with mismatched uncertainties
This paper tackles the tracking control of flexible hypersonic vehicle (FHV) with mismatched uncertainties by utilizing the adaptive nested terminal sliding mode control method. The controllers of velocity loop and altitude loop are designed separately based on the control-oriented model which is obtained by simplification of the FHV model. It's noted that the previous sliding mode control is sensitive to mismatched uncertainties, which weakens the use of sliding mode strategy. Therefore, the nested terminal sliding mode control is applied in FHV, to provide a virtual control in every step until the real control law is obtained, which can deal with the mismatched uncertainties problem and achieve finite-time stability. What's more, the lumped uncertainties including the derivative of virtual control law are estimated by adaptive algorithm, which can solve the problem of “explosion of complex” and the upper bounds of uncertainties are not required to be known in advance. Simulation results show that the proposed control method can guarantee the accurate tracking of velocity and altitude effectively. |
118012160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-01-25T19:18:26.375Z | 2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Arithmetic, Geometry, Cryptography and Coding Theory
Copying and reprinting. Material in this book may be reproduced by any means for educational and scientific purposes without fee or permission with the exception of reproduction by services that collect fees for delivery of documents and provided that the customary acknowledgment of the source is given. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, or for resale. Requests for permission for commercial use of material should be addressed to the Acquisitions Department, American Math-also be made by e-mail to [email protected]. Excluded from these provisions is material in articles for which the author holds copyright. In such cases, requests for permission to use or reprint should be addressed directly to the author(s). (Copyright ownership is indicated in the notice in the lower right-hand corner of the first page of each article.) ∞ The paper used in this book is acid-free and falls within the guidelines established to ensure permanence and durability. |
92438310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-03T13:10:56.223Z | 2018-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Abstract B28: Targeted inhibition of EGFR and glutaminase induces metabolic crisis in EGFR-mutant lung cancer
Cancer cells exhibit increased use of nutrients, including glucose and glutamine, to support the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of proliferation. We tested the small-molecule inhibitor of glutaminase CB-839 in combination with erlotinib on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a therapeutic strategy to simultaneously impair cancer glucose and glutamine utilization and thereby suppress tumor growth. Here, we show that CB-839 cooperates with erlotinib to drive energetic stress and activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in EGFR (del19) lung tumors. Tumor cells undergo metabolic crisis and cell death, resulting in rapid tumor regression in vivo in mouse NSCLC xenografts. Consistently, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 11C-glutamine (11C-Gln) of xenografts indicated reduced glucose and glutamine uptake in tumors following treatment with CB-839 + erlotinib. Therefore, PET imaging with 18F-FDG and 11C-Gln tracers can be used to noninvasively measure metabolic response to CB-839 and erlotinib combination therapy. Citation Format: Milica Momcilovic, Sean T. Bailey, Jason T. Lee, Clara Magyar, Daniel Braas, Thomas Graeber, Francesco Parlati, Susan Demo, Konstyantyn Krysan, Tonya C. Walser, Steven M. Dubinett, Saman Sadeghi, Heather R. Christofk, David B. Shackelford. Targeted inhibition of EGFR and glutaminase induces metabolic crisis in EGFR-mutant lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr B28. |
210254860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-14T17:12:15.894Z | 2020-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Experimental research on the wet bonding properties between RFRP and concrete
In this work, an improved wet bonding method was developed for strengthening of fiber-reinforced polymer. A self-made roughened carbon fiber–reinforced polymer sheet (hereinafter referred to as RFRP sheet) was externally attached to the surface layer of a nano-kaolin-modified concrete test piece to form an RFRP–concrete wet-bonded test piece. Then, the pull-off bond test and the single shear test were performed on 32 and 30 test pieces, respectively. The performance of the wet bonding interface of RFRP–concrete in the normal and tangential directions was investigated by changing the length of glass fiber cellosilk in RFRP bonding resin, the diameter of RFRP porous pelelith rock, and the ratio of nano-kaolin. In addition, by comparing the scanning electron microscopy images of untreated fiber-reinforced polymer sheet and the concrete block without nano-kaolin, the mechanism of the adhesion enhancement of the RFRP–concrete interface was explained. The results show that the differentiation between fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete wet bonding failure and RFRP–concrete wet bonding failure was mainly based on the large-scale concrete with peeled off concrete surface. RFRP effectively enhanced the wet adhesion performance of the interface with concrete in both normal and tangential directions. The interface bonding ability increased by 900% and 42%, respectively, compared with the control test pieces. The diameter of pelelith rock was found to be the most important factor affecting the shear wet bonding performance of the RFRP–concrete interface. The second important factor was the ratio of nano-kaolin. The optimum conditions for the best tangential anti-peeling ability of the RFRP–concrete structure were found to be the addition of 5-mm-diameter pelelith stone, 3% nano-kaolin, and glass cellosilk of 89 mm length. When the RFRP and the concrete were wet-bonded, the uncured cement mortar effectively filled the holes of the original pelelith rock and acted as a mechanical lock, thereby increasing the bonding stress. |
19768360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:54:55.052Z | 1978-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Friedreich's Ataxia and Familial Spastic Ataxia — Evidence for an Abnormal Composition of High Density Lipoproteins
SUMMARY: A systematic study of plasma lipids and lipoproteins was carried out in II cases of Friedreich's ataxia and 6 cases of familial spastic ataxia (Charlevoix-Saguenay disease) using II healthy normolipidemic volunteers of comparable age and sex as controls. No differences were noted in the fatty acid profile of the total lipid fraction, in the total cholesterol and phospholipids or in the percentage distribution of the individual phospholipid classes. The triglycerides were significantly higher in Friedreich's ataxia, but remained within the normal range. Although no systematic abnormalities could be detected in the electrophoretic pattern of plasma lipoproteins or in the apolipoprotein profile on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, major differences were found in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. Their total amount was reduced and their composition was abnormal in both neurological diseases. In Friedreich patients, the relative proportion of cholesterol and triglycerides was increased while the relative protein content was greatly reduced. In Charlevoix disease, a similar abnormality was seen except for the excess of triglycerides. The proportion of phospholipids in HDL was the same in the three groups of patients. In addition, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction was slightly reduced in both diseases. This anomaly of the HDL fraction could indicate that the HDL apolipoprotein moiety has a greater affinity for cholesterol and triglycerides in Friedreich's ataxia than its normal counterpart. |
204151810 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-09-26T09:01:54.805Z | 2019-09-24T00:00:00.000Z | A Suboptimal Model Explained the Spatiotemporal Control of Human Eye Movements in Visual Search
Efficient eye movement planning in both space and time is vital for visual perception. Previous studies showed that human eye movements were consistent with an optimal searcher during visual search; however, we found that such a model could not fully explain the spatial control of eye movements and it completely ignored the temporal control aspect. Here, we first measured the temporal course of human visibility map, and then measured eye movement dynamics during a visual search task. We further built a continuous-time eye movement model that determined both fixation duration and location. When the participants’ saccade amplitude bias and memory capacity limitations were introduced, this model could describe multiple aspects of human visual search behavior much better than the optimal searcher with fixed fixation duration. Interestingly, this model predicted that the human visual memory capacity is approximately 8 fixations. The results showed that human performed suboptimal in visual search, and implied that human may use a mixed control strategy to select fixation location. This strategy may have adaptive advantages considering the limitations of the human brain and statistics of the natural environment. |
1259210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2006-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Optimal Exercise of Executive Stock Options and Implications for Firm Cost
This paper conducts a comprehensive study of the optimal exercise policy for an executive stock option and its implications for option cost, average life, and alternative valuation concepts. The paper is the first to provide analytical results for an executive with general concave utility. Wealthier or less risk-averse executives exercise later and create greater option cost. However, option cost can decline with volatility. We show when there exists a single exercise boundary, yet demonstrate the possibility of a split continuation region. We also show that, for constant relative risk averse utility, the option value does not converge to the Black and Scholes value as the correlation between the stock and the market portfolio converges to one. We compare our model's option cost with the modified Black and Scholes approximation typically used in practice and show that the approximation error can be large or small, positive or negative, depending on firm characteristics. |
2770360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2001-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The L 1 – Norm Density Estimator Process
The notion of an L1–norm density estimator process indexed by a class of kernels is introduced. Then a functional central limit theorem and a Glivenko–Cantelli theorem are established for this process. While assembling the necessary machinery to prove these results, a body of Poissonization techniques and restricted chaining methods is developed, which is useful for studying weak convergence of general processes indexed by a class of functions. This should be of independent interest. None of the theorems impose any condition at all on the underlying Lebesgue density f . Also, somewhat unexpectedly, the distribution of the limiting Gaussian process does not depend on f. AMS Subject Classifications: 60F05, 60F15, 60F17, 62G07 |
1713260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:15:12.497Z | 2005-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Are the arginine vasopressin V1a receptor microsatellites related to hypersexuality in children with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype?
OBJECTIVE
To examine family-based transmission of the number of 5' flanking arginine vasopressin V1a receptor (AVPR1A) microsatellites, which include [(GATA)(14)] and complex [(CT)(4)-TT-(CT)(8)-(GT)(24)] repeats, in probands with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype (PEA-BP). Preferential transmission of the number of AVPR1A microsatellite repeats to hypersexual and uninhibited people-seeking probands was hypothesized, based on reports from preclinical work in the literature.
METHODS
Probands were 83 participants in an ongoing controlled study of PEA-BP. The PEA-BP phenotype was defined by DSM-IV mania with at least one of the cardinal symptoms of mania (elation and/or grandiosity) to avoid diagnosing mania only by symptoms that overlapped with those for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Comprehensive assessment of the probands included separate Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (WASH-U-KSADS) interviews of parents about their children and of children about themselves. Hypersexuality and uninhibited people-seeking were assessed from the corresponding WASH-U-KSADS items. Microsatellite genotyping of the AVPR1A repeats was conducted using fluorescently labeled primers and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. Alleles were determined with the assistance of semi-automated allele-calling software. There were 32 complete, biological trios (28 informative families) for the GATA repeat and 34 complete, biological trios (30 informative families) for the complex repeat. Data were analyzed using case-control and family-based association methods.
RESULTS
Preferential transmission of AVPR1A GATA or complex repeats was not significant for hypersexuality or uninhibited people-seeking, using the transmission disequilibrium test. Similarly, case-control analyses found no significant associations between hypersexuality or uninhibited people-seeking and the number of AVPR1A GATA or complex repeats. For p < 0.05, there was about 80% power to detect odds ratios of 5.0 and 4.0 (in the family-based analyses) and 3.5 and 2.6 (in the case-control analyses), for allele frequencies of 0.1 and 0.5, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Preferential transmission of AVPR1A to hypersexual or uninhibited people-seeking probands was not supported. |
51696310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-08-06T12:46:11.616Z | 2018-08-02T00:00:00.000Z | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with in situ derivatization coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of 4-methylimidazole in red ginseng products containing caramel colors.
A rapid analytical method was developed for the determination of 4-methylimidazole from red ginseng products containing caramel colors by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Chloroform and acetonitrile were selected as the extraction and dispersive solvents, and based on the extraction efficiency, their optimum volumes were 200 and 100 μL, respectively. The optimum volumes of the derivatizing agent (isobutyl chloroformate) and catalyst (pyridine), pH, and concentration of NaCl in the sample solution were determined to be 25 and 100 μL, pH 7.6, and 0% w/v, respectively. Validation of the optimized method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999), accuracy (≥89.86%), intra- (≤6.70%) and interday (≤4.17%) repeatability, limit of detection (0.96 μg/L), and limit of quantification (5.79 μg/L). The validated method was applied to quantify 4-methylimidazole in red ginseng juices and concentrates, 4-methylimidazole was only found in red ginseng juices containing caramel colorant (42.91-2863.4 μg/L) and detected in red ginseng concentrates containing >1% caramel colorant. |
110636960 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:10:57.687Z | 2003-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Determining Domestic Formaldehyde Levels in Ankara, Turkey
This cross-sectional study was carried out in October, 2001, with the aim of measuring formaldehyde levels in 399 homes representative of those in the central districts of Ankara province. Measurements were carried out with a Formaldemeter 400 in the living rooms and kitchens of these homes. The average formaldehyde levels in living rooms and kitchens were 0.064 and 0.060 ppm, respectively. The correlations between formaldehyde levels and type of house, construction materials, and method of ventilation were assessed. Formaldehyde levels were found to be significantly higher in apartments than in detached houses (living room: X2 = 38.7, p < 0.001; kitchen: X2 = 43.2, p < 0.001), significantly higher in reinforced concrete homes than in brick and mortar homes (living room: X2 = 43.1, p<0.001; kitchen: 2 = 34.9, p < 0.001), and significantly higher in homes using mechanical methods of ventilation than in homes with natural ventilation only X2 = 6.2, p < 0.05). People living in homes with formaldehyde levels higher than 0.10 ppm had a significantly higher incidence of watering eyes, dry throats, and running noses than people living in homes with lower levels. The correlation between kitchen formaldehyde levels and the type of fuel used in the kitchen was assessed, and homes using natural gas in the kitchen (53.4%) were determined to have significantly higher levels than homes using bottled propane (46.6%) (X2 = 48.8, p < 0.001). The results of the study show a significant correlation between formaldehyde levels and the type of home and construction materials, and between formaldehyde levels and residents' complaints of watering eyes, dry throats, and running noses. This study was carried out during the warm season. The results suggest that a similar study should be conducted during the winter, when heating is used and ventilation is less adequate. |