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5470910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:47:08.626Z | 1979-11-06T00:00:00.000Z | Status of a computer-aided system for cytogenetic specimen preparation and analysis
In recent years the demand for cytogenetic analysis has been increasing dramatically. How ever, the basic steps in the process of specimen preparation and analysis are not amenable to large scale processing of samples. Elements of a semi automated system for the preparation and analysis of human chromosomes are described. The system is divided into two sections. The first inputs blood samples and performs the various steps required to produce microscope slides suitable for staining and cytogenetic analysis. The second section inputs these slides, locates cells for analysis, and arranges the individual chromosomes into a karyotype which forms the basis for clini cal diagnosis. The system is currently undergoing an evaluation in a clinical and research cytogenetics laboratory. The hardware and software of the system are described and some preliminary results are presented. |
247597460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-03-23T06:19:05.745Z | 2022-03-21T00:00:00.000Z | WT1 transcription factor impairs cardiomyocyte specification and drives a phenotypic switch from myocardium to epicardium.
During development, the heart growths through addition of progenitor cells to the poles of the primordial heart tube. In the zebrafish, wilms tumor 1 transcription factor a (wt1a) and b (wt1b) are expressed in the pericardium, at the venous pole of the heart. From this pericardial layer, the proepicardium emerges. Proepicardial cells are subsequently transferred to the myocardial surface and form the epicardium, covering the myocardium. We found that while wt1a/b expression is maintained in proepicardial cells, it is downregulated in those pericardial cells contributing to cardiomyocytes from the developing heart. Sustained wt1 expression in cardiomyocytes reduced chromatin accessibility of specific genomic loci. Strikingly, a subset of wt1a/b-expressing cardiomyocytes changed their cell adhesion properties, delaminated from the myocardium and upregulated epicardial gene expression. Thus, wt1 acts as a break for cardiomyocyte differentiation and ectopic wt1 expression in cardiomyocytes can lead to their transdifferentiation into epicardial like cells. |
249776160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-18T13:07:52.512Z | 2017-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Breast Tumor Cell‐derived FGF‐5 Induces MEKK1‐dependent Chemokine Expression in Mammary Fibroblasts; Implications for Tumor Microenvironment
Breast tumors contain both transformed epithelial cells and non‐transformed stroma cells, and accumulating experimental evidence strongly suggests that this heterogeneous tumor microenvironment influences tumor growth and metastasis. Previously, we demonstrated that MAPK/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) regulates gene expression in fibroblasts and breast tumor cells, and that transgene‐induced breast tumor metastasis is markedly inhibited in MEKK1‐deficient mice. In this work, we utilized expression array analysis of heterotypic cell cultures to determine the role of MEKK1 in stroma gene expression induced by breast tumor cells. We discovered that the breast tumor cell line MDA‐MB 231 constitutively expresses fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF‐5), and that exposure to either tumor cell‐conditioned media or recombinant FGF‐5 induces chemokine expression in mammary fibroblasts. We demonstrate that FGF‐5‐induced expression of C‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5/RANTES) is markedly reduced in MEKK1‐deficient mammary fibroblasts, and that CCL5 expression requires MEKK1 kinase activity but is independent of MEKK1 ubiquitin ligase activity. Furthermore, we report that FGF‐5 initiates MEKK1 kinase activation and signaling in mammary fibroblasts. Finally, we show that breast tumor cell chemotaxis induced by fibroblasts is markedly inhibited by exposure to the CCL5 receptor antagonist Maraviroc, and that MEKK1‐deficient mammary fibroblasts are significantly less effective at promoting tumor cell chemotaxis than cells that express MEKK1. Overall, our findings suggest that MEKK1 is a key regulator of the stroma cell response to tumor cell‐derived FGF‐5. We conclude that MEKK1 is part of the signaling mechanism regulating a tumor/stroma paracrine loop that influences function of both transformed cells and stroma cells within breast tumors. Future studies in our lab will investigate the utility of the FGF‐5/CCL5 signaling axis as a set of targets that can be therapeutically inhibited to reduce tumor growth and progression. |
10780660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:17:25.912Z | 2008-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Clinal Distribution of a Chromosomal Rearrangement: A Precursor to Chromosomal Speciation?
Abstract Geographically structured genetic variants provide an effective means to assess sources of natural selection and mechanisms of adaptation to local environments. Correlated selection pressures along environmental gradients favor subdivision of genomes through chromosomal rearrangement. This study examines populations of Drosophila americana to evaluate selection pressures affecting chromosomal forms distinguished by a centromeric fusion. Analyses of chromosomal polymorphism throughout the Mississippi River Valley in the central United States reveal the presence of a distinct latitudinal cline for the chromosomal rearrangement. The cline has a width of 623 km centered at 35.97°N and displays a characteristic sigmoid shape consistent with a balance between selection and dispersal. Extreme low temperature during January, an indicator of winter severity, was identified as the environmental variable that most accurately predicts arrangement frequency. An intriguing relationship identified between the chromosomal cline and operational sex ratio indicates that these alternative arrangements of the X chromosome may influence sex-specific survival. A hypothesis for the cline is presented wherein variation associated with the alternative chromosome forms influences distinct overwintering strategies. The resulting subdivision within the genome embodies a transitory stage of a speciation process in which locally adapted gene complexes provide a foundation for species formation. |
86355660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-30T13:06:24.188Z | 2013-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Thematic Review Series on the Living History of Lipids
From the outset, lipids have been diffi cult to study, as exemplifi ed by J. L. W. Thudichum’s often cited naming of sphingosin[e] “in commemoration of the many enigmas which it presented to the inquirer” ( 1 ). Even today, when one can clone, express, and knock out (and in) genes for enzymes that metabolize, transport, and utilize lipids for cell structure, signaling, and other functions, our knowledge about the properties of these compounds in the milieu in which they function, biological membranes, fat droplets, micelles, and lipoproteins, is still rudimentary. Much of what we know about lipids, and might be inclined to assume was easy to discover, arose from incredibly hard work, cleverly designed experiments, astonishing coincidences, and, sometimes, colossal accidents. This series of thematic reviews is intended to give glimpses into these stories. The authors will try to present the events and personalities as living histories where, when possible, read |
250205610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-07-02T15:10:58.732Z | 2022-06-30T00:00:00.000Z | INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTROLLING THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOGENIC FACTORS ON THE SECURITY OF THE POPULATION WITHIN THE URBOSYSTEM
Purpose. Determining the levels of environmental pollution by electromagnetic sources and providing recommendations on how to prevent the impact of negative factors on human health. Design/methodology/approach. Particular attention is paid to the spread of electromagnetic fields within the urban system of Kremenchuk, namely from household sources, which include cellular communications and WiFi wireless communications. These products have recently become extremely widespread, without taking into account their total impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, the authors tried to conduct experiments both in the homes of city residents and in their leisure cities. Determination of levels of pollution by electromagnetic sources is carried out using numerical values of energy flux density in μW/cm2, for this purpose is carried out using direct instrumental measurement with the device ATT-2592. This device is designed to determine the level of the electromagnetic background, the principle of which is based on the isotropic method of measurement. Conclusions. An algorithm for organizing observations of the level of background characteristics of the electromagnetic field (EMF) within the urban system is proposed. Limitations/consequences of research. The proposed algorithm is universal and can be used in various fields of production and management to determine the levels of environmental pollution by electromagnetic sources. Practical consequences. An algorithm for determining the levels of environmental pollution by electromagnetic sources within the urban system has been developed. Originality/meaning. According to the study, there is no acute negative impact on the health of residents of a certain group in the urban system, however, the issues of chronic negative impact remain relevant due to the fact that 8% of families surveyed WiFi router is located at a distance of 1 m from the child's bed. |
7236110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-28T12:22:21.227Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Preliminary evidence for the feasibility of at-home online cognitive training with older adults.
Increased levels of cognitive activity may improve general cognitive function in older adults and potentially increase cognitive reserve, protecting against the onset of dementia associated with syndromes like Alzheimer's disease. To test the efficacy of cognitive training administered online, 18 participants (11 cognitively healthy; 7 mild cognitive impairment) were recruited from a clinical population of older adults to complete an online training intervention (CogniFit™). Before and after training, participants completed a separate battery of assessment measures, including measures of quality of life and competency at everyday activities, as well as a series of tests assessing cognitive function. Participants generally adhered to the online training protocol and completed a computerized assessment battery pre- and post-training. However, participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were somewhat less likely to adhere to the protocol, suggesting that more direct contact is needed with this population in intervention research. Furthermore, participants demonstrated significant improvement on a measure of working memory and also in processing speed across several assessments, though these data are tentative, as no control data exist. These results, along with the generally good adherence observed, suggest that online cognitive training is feasible for this population and a potentially valuable tool for the wider dissemination of cognitive training. |
86864310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-20T03:20:32.774Z | 2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | What can NuSTAR do for X-ray bursts?
Unstable thermonuclear burning on the surface of accreting neutron stars is commonly observed as type I X-ray bursts. The flux released during some strong bursts can temporarily exceed the Eddington limit, driving the neutron star photosphere to such large radii that heavy-element ashes of nuclear burning are ejected in the burst expansion wind. We have investigated the possibility of observing with NuSTAR some X-ray bursters selected for their high burst rate and trend to exhibit so-called superexpansion bursts. Our main ambition is to detect the photoionization edges associated with the ejected nuclear ashes, and identify the corresponding heavy elements. A positive identification of such edges would probe the nuclear burning processes, and provide a measure of the expansion wind velocity as well as the gravitational redshift from the neutron star. Moreover, we expect that the high sensitivity of NuSTAR in hard X-rays will make it possible to study the behavior of the accretion emission during the bursts, which is an important parameter to constrain the properties of the X-ray burst emission and thermonuclear burning. detecting one or more burst in a reasonable NuSTAR exposure; and 3. whether the source is known or suspected to be an UCXB system. The one target that satisfies all of these criteria is the source 4U 1820-30, which, in its low state, has a burst recurrence time of a few hours. The only other known or suspected UCXB to have a short enough recurrence time is 4U 1728-34 (aka GX 354-0, or the Slow Burster). A recent detection of a 10.77 minute periodic signal [6] provides good evidence for a He-rich donor. We propose target of opportunity observations of these two sources, so as to get the best chance to catch bursts. Exposures of 60 ks each should make possible to catch 5 6 X-ray bursts per target. |
205966310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:10:48.817Z | 2009-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Discussion. Free flap breast reconstruction in advanced age: is it safe?
T average life expectancy of the U.S. population continues to increase and with it there is a corresponding increase in the incidence of disease directly correlated with increasing age, such as prostate cancer in males and breast cancer in females. Statistics reveal that by age 80 a woman has a 1 chance in 9 of developing breast cancer.1 The treatment for a substantial number of these women includes mastectomy, and many of them will request breast reconstruction, including procedures performed with the transfer of autologous tissue. For patients requesting breast reconstruction with their own tissue, the microsurgical transfer of abdominal wall tissue constitutes the most popular option for such transfers. The safety corresponding to and the associated medical morbidity of these procedures as a function of age are reported by Drs. Selber and Serletti and their colleagues in the foregoing article. The study is a retrospective analysis derived from a prospectively maintained database spanning more than 15 years of the senior author’s (J.M.S.) practice. The patients were analyzed for important medical comorbidities, including body mass index and smoking status, and recognized risk factors, such as the presence of cardiac disease and other systemic problems known to be associated with the development of medical complications. Several important points are made by the authors from the analysis of their experience. The authors correctly state that a refinement in such elective free flap transfers that involve only the body surface has in fact occurred, and they appropriately differentiate these elective procedures from nonelective operations performed in patients with a higher level of preexisting medical comorbidity, such as patients with head and neck cancer and especially patients with peripheral vascular surgery whose treatments may entail microsurgical reconstructive procedures and who have a higher incidence of coexisting medical problems. Next the authors emphasize the importance of preoperative patient optimization, most significantly including a careful medical evaluation of the cardiopulmonary system. They make the point that patients with any significant history of cardiac disease must be carefully evaluated before surgery by a cardiologist, who is the best medical specialist to evaluate and define preoperative cardiac risk2 and to optimally manage or “fine tune” the patient for surgery. They also state that they exclude patients from microvascular breast reconstruction who are deemed to be at too high a risk, instead offering these patients implant breast reconstruction. The authors comment on the expanded role of the anesthesia service in the preoperative assessment of patients, outlining their use of formal preoperative anesthesia consults in selected patients. This is an increasingly common and important practice in most large medical centers, including my own at the University of Pittsburgh. In addition, the authors emphasize the importance of precisely controlling blood pressure during surgery and outline their protocol for doing so specifically with reference to their use of vasopressors. I continue to believe that the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification assigned to the patient by the anesthesiology service is a very valuable predictor of postoperative morbidity following all types of surgery. The presence of a systemic disease (i.e., breast cancer) automatically raises the patient to an American Society of Anesthesiologists 2 status. Therefore, I am somewhat puzzled that the authors list the mean American Society of Anesthesiologists classification scores as 1.9 and 2.1. In my analysis of the effect of age on predicting medical morbidity following free microvascular flap reconstructive procedures, I found a positive correlation between both advanced age and preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists status on the incidence of medical complications,3 but the anesthesiology classification was a more accurate predictor of postoperative medical complications than age. This was the same conclusion |
207189610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:05:53.290Z | 2018-01-23T00:00:00.000Z | Redox-Active Ligand Assisted Multielectron Catalysis: A Case of CoIII Complex as Water Oxidation Catalyst.
Water oxidation is the key step in both natural and artificial photosynthesis to capture solar energy for fuel production. The design of highly efficient and stable molecular catalysts for water oxidation based on nonprecious metals is still a great challenge. In this article, the electrocatalytic oxidation of water by Na[(L4-)CoIII], where L is a substituted tetraamido macrocyclic ligand, was investigated in aqueous solution (pH 7.0). We found that Na[(L4-)CoIII] is a stable and efficient homogeneous catalyst for electrocatalytic water oxidation with 380 mV onset overpotential in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Both ligand- and metal-centered redox features are involved in the catalytic cycle. In this cycle, Na[(L4-)CoIII] was first oxidized to [(L2-)CoIIIOH] via a ligand-centered proton-coupled electron transfer process in the presence of water. After further losing an electron and a proton, the resting state, [(L2-)CoIIIOH], was converted to [(L2-)CoIV═O]. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP-D3(BJ)/6-311++G(2df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory confirmed the proposed catalytic cycle. According to both experimental and DFT results, phosphate-assisted water nucleophilic attack to [(L2-)CoIV═O] played a key role in O-O bond formation. |
205143960 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-11-02T07:44:23.953Z | 2017-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Reducing beef consumption might not reduce emissions: response to Phalan et al. (2016)
Phalan et al. contest our findings (De Oliveira Silva et al., 2016) (henceforth RdOS) on the relationship between livestock consumption and emissions. First, they doubt the likelihood of avoiding expansion of pastureland while increasing production and suggest that deforestation may still happen due to cropping area expansion, i.e. “net change (in deforestation) is not the same as gross change”.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
235216610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-05-28T06:16:58.091Z | 2021-05-27T00:00:00.000Z | COVID-19 vaccine trials: The potential for “hybrid” analyses
Background: Although several COVID-19 vaccines have been found to be effective in rigorous evaluation and have emerging availability in parts of the world, their supply will be inadequate to meet international needs for a considerable period of time. There also will be continued interest in vaccines that are more effective or have improved scalability to facilitate mass vaccination campaigns. Ongoing clinical testing of new vaccines also will be needed as variant strains continue to emerge that may elude some aspects of immunity induced by current vaccines. Randomized clinical trials meaningfully enhance the efficiency and reliability of such clinical testing. In clinical settings with limited or no access to known effective vaccines, placebo-controlled randomized trials of new vaccines remain a preferred approach to maximize the reliability, efficiency and interpretability of results. When emerging availability of licensed vaccines makes it no longer possible to use a placebo control, randomized active comparator non-inferiority trials may enable reliable insights. Methods: In this article, “hybrid” methods are proposed to address settings where, during the conduct of a placebo-controlled trial, a judgment is made to replace the placebo arm by a licensed COVID-19 vaccine due to emerging availability of effective vaccines in regions participating in that trial. These hybrid methods are based on proposed statistics that aggregate evidence to formally test as well as to estimate the efficacy of the experimental vaccine, by combining placebo-controlled data during the first period of trial conduct with active-controlled data during the second period. Results: Application of the proposed methods is illustrated in two important scenarios where the active control vaccine would become available in regions engaging in the experimental vaccine’s placebo-controlled trial: in the first, the active comparator’s vaccine efficacy would have been established to be 50%–70% for the 4- to 6-month duration of follow-up of its placebo-controlled trial; in the second, the active comparator’s vaccine efficacy would have been established to be 90%–95% during that duration. These two scenarios approximate what has been seen with adenovirus vaccines or mRNA vaccines, respectively, assuming the early estimates of vaccine efficacy for those vaccines would hold over longer-term follow-up. Conclusion: The proposed hybrid methods could readily play an important role in the near future in the design, conduct and analysis of randomized clinical trials performed to address the need for multiple additional vaccines reliably established to be safe and have worthwhile efficacy in reducing the risk of symptomatic disease from SARS-CoV-2 infections. |
1146860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-09T19:17:08.725Z | 2015-09-03T00:00:00.000Z | ECG data compression for a portable ECG recorder and transmitter
The ECG digital signal processing evolved in last decade and the need to store and transmit ECG signal data is continuously increasing. This paper involves analysis of an enhanced ECG compression and de-compression method. The method is evaluated on the basis of different compression and quality parameters like compression ratio (CR), percent root mean square difference (PRD), Signal to noise ratio (SNR), quality score (QS), etc. The compression algorithm includes three sequential processing phases: 1. Pre-processing and classification, 2. Linear transformation, 3. Entropy coding. The compression method is implemented by deciding a particular signal processing / coding algorithm for each of these phases. The de-compression technique is the inverse process of compression and it reconstructs the original signal with negligible loss of information. Finally, the described method is compared with existing ECG compression algorithms. |
23710660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:15:50.993Z | 1979-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effects of stimulus-onset asynchrony on the dichotic performance of children with auditory-processing disorders.
Dichotic stop-consonant-vowel identification was investigated in two experiments using two groups of learning-disabled children demonstrating clinical manifestations of auditory-processing disorders, and two groups of matched, control subjects. Two-item, forced-choice paradigms were used in both experiments. Overall (total) dichotic performance for the two learning-disabled groups was significantly lower than that of the control subjects in all dichotic conditions. This lower performance was attributable to the number of trials in which both stimulus items were correctly identified. Analysis of trials in which only one response was correct showed no differences between the groups in terms of magnitude or direction of ear-advantage (right). In conditions where stimulus onsets were separated by 30, 90, and 150 msec, analysis of one-correct trials demonstrated more accurate identification of the temporally lagging stimulus for all subjects. However, as the onset-time separation increased, the control group's identification of leading and lagging items approached equality. The learning-disabled group, on the other hand, showed little increase in identification of temporally leading items even when stimuli were separated by 150 msec. These data suggest learning-disabled children with auditory-processing disorders may have a reduced temporal efficiency in processing rapidly varying acoustic patterns associated with stop-consonants that is observable when speech perceptual mechanisms are stressed through dichotic competition. |
70997660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-07T14:05:44.132Z | 2011-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Lessons learned from radiation disasters
The triple catastrophe that began in Japan on March 11, 2011 was unprecedented. In the wake of the devastating earthquake and tsunami, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant crisis deteriorated to a Level 7 nuclear accident, the most severe level reserved by the International Atomic Energy Association for accidents involving significant re- leases of radioactive material having the potential for extensive environmental contamination and health consequences. The evacuation zone encompassed 50,000 people living within 20 km of the facility. However, as occurred after the Chernobyl accident, additional communities with high levels of contamination were subsequently identified and evacuated. |
10380260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:11:22.828Z | 2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | An Assessment of the Sensitivity and Reliability of the Relative Reduction Factor Approach in the Development of 8-hr Ozone Attainment Plans
Abstract The updated regulatory framework for demonstrating that future 8-hr ozone (O3) design values will be at or below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) provides guidelines for the development of a State Implementation Plan (SIP) that includes methods based on photochemical modeling and analytical techniques. One of the suggested approaches is the relative reduction factor (RRF) for estimating the efficacy of emission reductions. In this study, the sensitivity of model-predicted responses towards emission reductions to the choice of meteorology and chemical mechanisms was examined. While the different modeling simulations generally were found to be in agreement on whether predicted future-year design values would be above or below the NAAQS for 8-hr O3 at a majority of the monitoring locations in the eastern United States, differences existed for a small percentage of monitors (~ 6.4%). Another issue investigated was the ability of the attainment demonstration procedure to predict changes in monitored O3 design values. A retrospective analysis was performed by comparing predicted O3 design values from model simulations using emission estimates for 1996 and 2001 with monitored O3 design values for 2001. Results indicated that an average gross error of ~5 ppb was present between modeled and observed design values and that, at ~27% of all sites, model-predicted and observed design values disagreed as to whether the design value was above or below the NAAQS. Retrospective analyses such as the one presented in this study can provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of modeling and analysis techniques used to predict future design values over time periods of a decade or more for the purpose of developing SIPs. Furthermore, such analyses could provide avenues for improvement and added confidence in the use of the RRF approach for addressing attainment of the NAAQS. |
87582960 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-08-07T05:56:22.929Z | 1982-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Science in the Making
ONE OF THE reasons science seems remote and mysterious to non-scientists, even as we are daily ever more surrounded with its products, is that its story is so rarely told in terms of human lives. Conventional scientific articles, for example, give us welldigested final results, but deliberately conceal the process and the excitement. They give us little feeling for the experience of science, for the life of a person who is at home in that world. There have been a few mavericks in the history of science who have not hidden behind the featureless mask of objectivity. One of them is Johannes Kepler, who founded modern astronomy in the early 17th century. Kepler published his theories and findings in long, rambling books which openly revealed his philosophical biases and the meandering, sometimes stubbornly mistaken paths of his thinking. Students of science ever since have been the beneficiaries of his openness and garrulousness. Kepler explained his approach in the preface to his greatest work, A New Astronomy, which he published in 1609: |
15122710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-01-07T01:57:53.067Z | 2011-03-20T00:00:00.000Z | Hybrid Approach Combining Machine Learning and a Rule-Based Expert System for Text Categorization
This paper discusses a novel hybrid approach for text categorization that combines a machine learning algorithm, which provides a base model trained with a labeled corpus, with a rule-based expert system, which is used to improve the results provided by the previous classifier, by filtering false positives and dealing with false negatives. The main advantage is that the system can be easily fine-tuned by adding specific rules for those noisy or conflicting categories that have not been successfully trained. We also describe an implementation based on k-Nearest Neighbor and a simple rule language to express lists of positive, negative and relevant (multiword) terms appearing in the input text. The system is evaluated in several scenarios, including the popular Reuters-21578 news corpus for comparison to other approaches, and categorization using IPTC metadata, EUROVOC thesaurus and others. Results show that this approach achieves a precision that is comparable to top ranked methods, with the added value that it does not require a demanding human expert workload to train. |
22790160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:08:33.164Z | 2016-05-30T00:00:00.000Z | Primary actinomycosis of breast—A diagnosis on cytology
Primary actinomycosis of breast is a rare disease with only a few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 25‐year‐old lactating woman with primary actinomycosis of breast which was diagnosed on cytology. The patient presented with lump in left breast with dull aching pain. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology smears showed acute suppurative inflammation with presence of fluffy basophilic colonies on Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and branched, Gram positive filamentous bacilli on Gram staining. The bacilli were non‐acid fast with 1% Zeihl Neelsen stain. A diagnosis of actinomycosis was suggested on cytology. Histopathological examination revealed an abscess with few Gram positive basophilic granules surrounded by eosinophilic Splendore‐Hoeppli material thus confirming the diagnosis of actinomycosis. Meticulous search for microorganisms with the aid of special stains should be done on cytology smears before labeling an inflammatory lesion as nonspecific. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:693–695. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
8752360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T15:06:14.648Z | 2010-12-30T00:00:00.000Z | A Distributed Slot Assignment Scheme for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
A distributed dynamic slot assignment scheme for multi-channel Time Division Multiplex Access (TDMA) based wireless Ad Hoc networks is presented in this paper.As exclusive control channels are introduced,hidden terminals are enable to receive packet whereas transmit packets are avoided. Similarly,exposed terminals are enable to transmit packets while receive packets are avoid.Thus high efficient of slot spatial reused may be achieved.The performance of the slot assignment scheme is studied via simulation experiment. |
208212460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-22T14:32:09.734Z | 2019-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Enhanced Vendor-managed Inventory through Blockchain
Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is a commonly used collaborative inventory management policy in which manufacturers/vendors manage the inventory of retailers and take responsibility for making decisions related to the timing and extent of inventory replenishment. Several prerequisites exist for successfully implementing a VMI strategy like information sharing, trust, systems integration and long-term collaboration. However, in nowadays supply chain networks are becoming more complex, highly disjointed and geographically spread. As a consequence, the implementation of a VMI strategy may be a difficult task. In this paper, we propose a new interaction mechanism between retailers and vendors, which aims to improve their supply chain strategy and inventory policies based on a trustless and distributed mechanism. In particular, we use an autonomous trustless framework based on smart contracts and blockchain technology for governing the relationship between multiple vendors and multiple retailers. Finally, a use-case VMI scenario is presented along with several functional smart contracts. Tests performed using a local private blockchain illustrate the applicability of the proposed architecture along with the significant benefits for each participant. |
233757560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-06-11T09:01:28.867Z | 2020-05-15T00:00:00.000Z | Abstracts for the Digital conference 'Sustainable Development Goals in the Era of COVID-19: The Role of Science, Technology and Innovation'
The participation of business in partnership initiatives for sustainable development has intensified significantly since the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. By 2014, there were about 1,000 voluntary commitments and multilateral partnerships in various fields of activity involving partners from the corporate sector , among which the best-known initiatives are “Sustainable Energy for All” (SE4All), “Every Woman, Every Child” (Every Woman Every Child - EWEC), Business Fights Poverty, Partnerships for Small Island Developing States, and others.<br><br>In our opinion, it seems appropriate to propose the classification of existing partnership models in the interests of achieving the SDGs with the participation of representatives of the corporate sector.<br> |
219057910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-04-30T09:04:18.954Z | 2020-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | What Did Jozef Boguslavsky Say About Sergei Durov and Fedor Dostoevsky in Siberian Diary?
The article examines the chapter Sergei Durov and Fyodor Dostoevsky from the Siberian Diary of the Polish revolutionary Jozef Boguslavsky, who was confined in the Omsk prison at the same time as F. M. Dostoevsky. The Siberian Diary was included in Polacy z Wilna i ze Żmudzi na zesłaniu. Pamiętniki Józefa Bogusławskiego i księdza Mateusza Wejta (Poles from Vilnius and Zemaitija in exile. The Memoirs of Jozef Boguslavsky and priest Mateusz Veit). Some fragments of this book and other Polish sources were translated into Russian for the first time by the author of the article, including the recollections about Sergey Durov and Fyodor Dostoevsky. The interrelation between the Siberian Diary by Y. Boguslavsky, Notes from a Dead House by F. M. Dostoevsky, and S. Tokazhevsky’s Seven Years of Hard Labor and The Convicts is also analyzed in the paper. |
41217010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:00:56.058Z | 2011-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | β-catenin expression in benign and malignant pleural disorders.
Benign and malignant pleural processes display a large and overlapping spectrum of morphological appearances, and can be difficult to distinguish, histologically, from each other. β-catenin, a participant in the wingless-type (Wnt) transduction pathway, is involved in the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma and has received limited evaluation for its ability to serve as a diagnostic aid for distinguishing between individual pleural disorders. We performed immunohistochemistry for β-catenin on 10 pleural malignant mesotheliomas, 10 examples of mesothelial hyperplasia and 18 cases of organizing pleuritis. Although differences were noted in staining intensity between the mesothelioma and mesothelial hyperplasia groups, extensiveness and cellular location were similar. Staining intensity (mean +/- s.d.) in mesotheliomas (2.00 +/- 0.67) was significantly less intense than in mesothelial hyperplasia cases (3.00 +/- 0.00) (p=0.0005). Stromal cell staining was cytoplasmic in all cases, and endothelial cell staining was membranous, submembranous and cytoplasmic. Nuclear expression of β-catenin was not observed in any of the cases studied. This lack of nuclear staining in the stromal cells of organizing pleuritis differs markedly from the previously reported high frequencies of nuclear β-catenin expression in other pleural spindle cell proliferations (desmoid tumors and solitary fibrous tumors). In summary, the current study adds to previous work indicating a role for β-catenin in the genesis of pleural conditions including organizing pleuritis, mesothelial hyperplasia and malignant mesothelioma. Although IHC for β-catenin does not appear to be conclusive for separating benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations, it may be valuable for assisting in the differential diagnosis of mesothelial and spindle cell proliferations in the pleura. |
245700710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-01-05T16:13:14.181Z | 2021-12-29T00:00:00.000Z | Double heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: Case series, genetics and Cascade screening of families
Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by high levels of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood. Studies identified more than 1,000 mutations of the LDLR gene in FH patients with incidence rates between 1: 500 and 1: 300. The mutation that occurs primarily in: LDLR, apoB, PCSK9, LDLRAP1 genes, 80% of which were detected the LDLR gene mutation. Nowaday, FH disease has not been paid much attention, leading to a delay in treatment.
Objectives: identify mutations in other family members of the patient FH.
Subjects and Methods: 14 family members of FH patients were gene analyzed, identified mutations on exons 4, 9 LDLR genes.
Results: 11/15 family members carrying heterozygous mutations on exon 4 and exon 9 of LDLR gene. Patient and 1 family member detected and treated late, leading to complications of myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Therefore, Cascade screening of patient's family members has an important role in early detection, genetic counseling and treatment, even in cases where pedigree members do not have xanthomas and no increase or slight increase in blood lipids. This is the basis for early counseling and treatment for members with mutations, reducing the risk of coronary artery diseases in the future. |
169278060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-30T23:45:57.594Z | 2018-06-29T00:00:00.000Z | STRATEGIC AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROINTEGRATION PROCESSES
The article develops and substantiates strategic directions of development of the railway industry in the conditions of European integration processes, which requires the adoption of fundamental decisions in changing the management system of the industry. On the basis of the analysis of the results of the railway transport, the reasons for reducing the profit of passenger traffic were determined, and the measures proposed to increase the efficiency of its activities, taking into account the current world trends in the organization of work of this type of transport. The main reason for the critical state of Ukrainian railways is that in the sector no structural reforms, which have been carried by European countries and most CIS countries. Failure to adopt, in the near future, the cardinal measures aimed at replacing outdated technical equipment, the system of transport management, tariff policy, may lead to the impossibility of ensuring the need for passenger and cargo transportation. |
10392160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:15:36.157Z | 2018-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Overconfidence Among Beginners: Is a Little Learning a Dangerous Thing?
Across 6 studies we investigated the development of overconfidence among beginners. In 4 of the studies, participants completed multicue probabilistic learning tasks (e.g., learning to diagnose “zombie diseases” from physical symptoms). Although beginners did not start out overconfident in their judgments, they rapidly surged to a “beginner’s bubble” of overconfidence. This bubble was traced to exuberant and error-filled theorizing about how to approach the task formed after just a few learning experiences. Later trials challenged and refined those theories, leading to a temporary leveling off of confidence while performance incrementally improved, although confidence began to rise again after this pause. In 2 additional studies we found a real-world echo of this pattern of overconfidence across the life course. Self-ratings of financial literacy surged among young adults, then leveled off among older respondents until late adulthood, where it begins to rise again, with actual financial knowledge all the while rising more slowly, consistently, and incrementally throughout adulthood. Hence, when it comes to overconfident judgment, a little learning does appear to be a dangerous thing. Although beginners start with humble self-perceptions, with just a little experience their confidence races ahead of their actual performance. |
230021310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-01-02T12:03:21.998Z | 1985-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Hellenistic pottery from Failaka: with a survey of Hellenistic pottery in the Near East
mentioned, but arches and vaulting are not. In 32 well-illustrated pages there is no room for argument, and other views are possible on (for instance) planning (p. 3), lifting (pp. 12-13), and the origins of the orders (p. 20). But this is a responsible and authoritative account which, given its low price, is likely to be widely used. One warning is perhaps, therefore, in order; Athenian building methods are often, but by no means always, the same as elsewhere in the Greek world, and specifically local features are not generally so identified; the restricted terms of reference given by the title must always be kept in mind. |
145787510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-06T14:07:24.018Z | 2001-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | What's in a Name When It Isn't a Word? 17-Month-Olds' Mapping of Nonverbal Symbols to Object Categories.
Infants begin acquiring object labels as early as 12 months of age. Recent research has indicated that the ability to acquire object names extends beyond verbal labels to other symbolic forms, such as gestures. This experiment examines the latitude of infants' early naming abilities. We tested 17-month-olds' ability to map gestures, nonverbal sounds, and pictograms to object categories using a forced-choice triad task. Results indicated that infants accept a wide range of symbolic forms as object names when they are embedded in familiar referential naming routines. These data suggest that infants may initially have no priority for words over other symbolic forms as object names, although the relative status of words appears to change with development. The implications of these findings for the development of criteria for determining whether a symbol constitutes an object name early in development are considered. |
226861110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-08-27T09:06:23.343Z | 2019-03-28T00:00:00.000Z | Region-Building in the Baltic Region: Legacy of the Inter-War Period and Modern Dynamics
The article is devoted to the analysis of historical retrospective and modern dynamics of region-building in the Baltic region. The cultural and historical foundation of regionalization processes in this area was laid over the centuries, although the framework was finally shaped in the 20th century: the Hanseatic League, the first attempts to create regional unions during the interwar period, the “northern cooperation” and the signing of the Helsinki Convention during the Cold War. In the post-bipolar period, the Baltic region continues to maintain its political and socio economic heterogeneity. Today, the key institution of multilateral cooperation uniting all countries of the region is the Council of the Baltic Sea States, whereas, from the EU perspective, the main self-sufficient instrument of regionalization is the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. At the same time, both formats rely in specific projects implementation on “horizontal actions” and network cooperation on the grass-roots level, which makes regional interaction practical to the greatest possible extent, largely depoliticized and stable in the long run. |
34052010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:31:29.442Z | 1985-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Role of Computed Tomography and Mediastinoscopy in Preoperative Staging of Lung Carcinoma
One hundred fifty-three patients with bronchogenic carcinoma were evaluated prospectively by CT and mediastinoscopy. Nodes larger than 5 mm were considered potentially metastatic. All results were correlated with surgical findings. Computed tomography is more sensitive (89%) in the detection of mediastinal metastases than mediastinoscopy (67%). Computed tomography has a poor predictive value (47%): however, a negative examination is highly accurate (89%). Within a group of 100 node sites, 72% of the nodes involved by tumor were larger than 1 cm in diameter. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma have the highest percentages of sensitivity by CT. The very low incidence of metastatic involvement in nodes under 5 mm allows one to forego mediastinoscopy in the presence of a negative CT. |
70997010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-07T14:04:17.768Z | 1992-11-09T00:00:00.000Z | Development of person counting system using distributed touch sensor
The authors describe a person counting system using a distributed touch sensor on stairs. The sensor has 96*84 detecting elements on four treads. The size of each sensor element is 10 mm*12.7 mm. Footprint images can be successively obtained from the sensor. The system counts the number of persons from these images.<<ETX>> |
237712470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-09-09T20:50:41.748Z | 2021-07-26T00:00:00.000Z | The Vulnerability Effect of International Tourism on a Destination’s Economy
ABSTRACT This study investigates how international tourism influences economic vulnerability for 69 economies, consisting of 36 low- and lower-middle-income economies (LMEs), and 33 upper-middle-income and high-income economies (UHEs). By applying assorted panel data estimations, the study finds that, first, international tourism increases the economic vulnerability of destination countries, and second, an analysis of two subsamples confirms the increasing effect of international tourism on economic vulnerability for UHEs. Surprisingly, the ratio of visitor spending to GDP impacts economic vulnerability negatively in LMEs, while the effect of the ratio of visitor spending to exports is positive. Some important policy implications have been raised. Lastly, the results have been checked for robustness by different estimators and strategies. |
1923570 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:14:33.912Z | 2004-03-18T00:00:00.000Z | First direct observation of reactive carbenes in the cavities of cation-exchanged Y zeolites.
[reaction: see text] Herein we report the first direct observation of reactive carbenes within the cavities of cation-exchanged Y zeolites. Chloro(phenyl)- and bromo(phenyl)carbenes were generated upon laser photolysis of 3-halo-3-phenyldiazirines incorporated within dry zeolites and the absolute reactivity of the carbenes was investigated as a function of counterbalancing cation and coincorporated quenchers in order to elucidate the behavior of these intermediates within zeolites. Product analysis performed upon thermolysis of the diazirine in Y zeolites yielded products that were identified as those derived from the carbene. |
21862170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:05:56.416Z | 1998-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | The association of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with perceived quality of life in a biethnic population: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the association between quality of life and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) status, and whether this association differs between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites.
METHODS
Between 1986 and 1989, cross-sectional data on perceived quality of life (PQOL) were collected from 223 persons with NIDDM and 753 non-diabetic subjects.
RESULTS
After adjustment, persons with NIDDM rated their PQOL significantly lower than did control subjects. The relationship of diabetes and PQOL did not differ by ethnicity. The number of complications of diabetes was not associated with lower PQOL scores.
CONCLUSIONS
Control and treatment strategies should reflect an understanding of the impact that diabetes has on social functioning, leisure activities, and physical and mental health. |
14661420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-05-08T17:41:39.051Z | 2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Hyporheic exchange in gravel bed rivers with pool‐riffle morphology: Laboratory experiments and three‐dimensional modeling
We report the first laboratory simulations of hyporheic exchange in gravel pool‐riffle channels, which are characterized by coarse sediment, steep slopes, and three‐dimensional bed forms that strongly influence surface flow. These channels are particularly important habitat for salmonids, many of which are currently at risk worldwide and which incubate their offspring within the hyporheic zone. Here we perform a set of laboratory experiments examining the effects of discharge and bed form amplitude on hyporheic exchange, with surface‐subsurface mixing measured directly from the concentration decay of a conservative tracer (fluorescein) injected into the surface flow. Near‐bed pressure measurements were also used to predict hyporheic exchange from a three‐dimensional pumping transport model. Comparison of the predicted and observed hyporheic exchange shows good agreement, indicating that the major mechanism for exchange is bed form–induced advection. However, the effect of bed forms is modulated by discharge and the degree of topographic submergence. We also tested the performance of the hydrostatic pressure as a proxy for the observed near‐bed pressure in driving hyporheic exchange, which would facilitate field measurement and analysis of hyporheic flow in natural rivers. We found agreement with measured hyporheic exchange only for low bed form amplitudes and high flows. |
51725320 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-08-06T13:47:41.916Z | 2018-07-25T00:00:00.000Z | Trophic interactions among vertebrate guilds and plants shape global patterns in species diversity
Trophic interactions play critical roles in structuring biotic communities. Understanding variation in trophic interactions among systems provides important insights into biodiversity maintenance and conservation. However, the relative importance of bottom-up versus top-down trophic processes for broad-scale patterns in biodiversity is poorly understood. Here, we used global datasets on species richness of vascular plants, mammals and breeding birds to evaluate the role of trophic interactions in shaping large-scale diversity patterns. Specifically, we used non-recursive structural equation models to test for top-down and bottom-up forcing of global species diversity patterns among plants and trophic guilds of mammals and birds (carnivores, invertivores and herbivores), while accounting for extrinsic environmental drivers. The results show that trophic linkages emerged as being more important to explaining species richness than extrinsic environmental drivers. In particular, there were strong, positive top-down interactions between mammal herbivores and plants, and moderate to strong bottom-up and/or top-down interactions between herbivores/invertivores and carnivores. Estimated trophic interactions for separate biogeographical regions were consistent with global patterns. Our findings demonstrate that, after accounting for environmental drivers, large-scale species richness patterns in plant and vertebrate taxa consistently support trophic interactions playing a major role in shaping global patterns in biodiversity. Furthermore, these results suggest that top-down forces often play strong complementary roles relative to bottom-up drivers in structuring biodiversity patterns across trophic levels. These findings underscore the importance of integrating trophic forcing mechanisms into studies of biodiversity patterns. |
19129120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:38:16.619Z | 2014-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of family medicine residents on use of diagnostic investigations: in a rural community emergency department.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of the presence of family medicine residents on the use of laboratory and imaging investigations in a rural emergency department (ED).
DESIGN
A retrospective cross-sectional electronic chart audit was completed. Background characteristics, as well as type and number of ordered investigations, were compared between study groups.
SETTING
Strathroy Middlesex General Hospital in Strathroy, Ont, a rural community hospital that sees approximately 20 000 ED visits per year.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 2000 sequential ED visits, including adult and pediatric patients. The test group consisted of patients seen while a resident was present in the ED. The control group consisted of patients seen while no residents were present in the ED.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Twenty-two distinct categories of common ED investigations were studied.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference between study groups for 19 of the 22 categories of investigations. There were significant differences in 3 categories: an increased number of D-dimer assays for patients seen while there were no residents in the ED (1.7% of patients vs 0.5% of patients, P = .03) and increased computed tomography and ultrasound imaging for patients seen while a resident was in the ED (4.8% vs 1.8%, P = .0012, and 5.3% and 1.7%, P < .001, respectively). These differences are likely not owing to resident involvement but are explained by a difference in test availability between groups.
CONCLUSION
The study was underpowered for most categories of studied investigations. However, the trends demonstrated in this study suggest that the presence of family medicine residents in a rural community ED does not substantially affect the overall use of diagnostic investigations. |
24598170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:47:23.051Z | 2006-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Clinical value of planar and tomographic dual-isotope scintigraphy using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate and 131I in patients with thyroid cancer
Purpose131I whole-body scintigraphy is a highly sensitive method for the detection of differentiated thyroid tumours and metastases. However, a lack of anatomical landmarks and the physiological excretion of the tracer complicates the evaluation of the images. Therefore, we determined whether additional bone scintigraphy in combination with 131I scintigraphy, simultaneously acquired via planar and tomographic techniques, positively contributes to the treatment plan in patients with non-conclusive 131I images. MethodsTwenty-one patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and known metastases or unclear findings in the 131I whole-body scan underwent dual-isotope scintigraphy (DIS) within 2–7 days after application of 5000–8000 MBq 131I. Dual-energy planar and tomographic data were acquired simultaneously and the results compared with other imaging modalities. ResultsIn 48% of the cases (10 of 21), DIS supplied important additional information that either altered the treatment plan or staging of the patients. In 28% (six of 21), DIS provided new information that was not known before, but did not change the staging of the patients. In five cases (24%), DIS did not add any new data regarding the extent of the disease. ConclusionsThe simultaneous acquisition of 131I and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate provides clear landmarks and facilitates the localization of functioning metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer as well as improves the fusion with morphological images. It can be performed easily and also transferred to other isotope combinations. |
36413470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:08:02.961Z | 2010-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Contemporary issues in dental education in Australia.
Australia has witnessed a proliferation of dental workforce training opportunities over the last 15 years, including dentists, dental therapists, dental hygienists and prosthetists. The reasons for this have not been examined critically. Universities have welcomed the opportunities to increase the student base but do not seem to have examined the advisability of continued expansion or its impact on the delivery and costs of health services. Nor have they enquired expressly whether they have any responsibility in these matters. Public health benefits should constitute a significant element of curriculum design. There seems to have been a general acceptance of the premise that more is necessarily better. Ironically, these developments have occurred in the face of significant recurrent cost increments and serious academic staff shortages. The schools have responded with alterations to curriculum content. Student cohort composition, course structures, educational focus, postgraduate training and research have been affected. The primary purpose of this review is to highlight the issues which currently drive workforce training and curriculum content and to suggest that some current practices should be re-examined as a starting point for setting defined common objectives within the Australian dental educational spectrum. Salient issues which require examination include course standards and accreditation, workforce mix, dental health demands, public service obligations and staffing profiles. |
238926520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-08-27T17:13:41.870Z | 2021-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | A Control Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning Under the Combined Wind-Solar Storage System
In a deregulated environment, the renewable energy producers will face the challenge of how to increase their revenues under uncertainties of power generation and time-varying electricity price. In traditional power network scheduling, prediction and optimization are two independent processes, which easily leads to information loss and modeling error. To deal with the uncertainty and realize an end-to-end controller, this article proposes an energy storage system control model (ESSCM) in the scene of the combined wind-solar storage system. The proposed ESSCM using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm is trained by interacting with the massive environment of a power grid without requiring the assumption on the uncertainties. It learns from scratch to realize the coordination operation of with wind power and photovoltaic power in a combined system, further maximize the benefits of the combined system in the electricity market. One state-of-the-art DRL algorithm, namely double deep Q-network, is used to formulate the proposed ESSCM. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed approach can effectively accommodate the uncertainty and bring high revenues to the combined system. |
98247120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-14T17:26:03.785Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM AND FEBUXOSTAT IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS.
In the present study deals the simultaneous estimation of Diclofenac potassium and Febuxostat in combined tablet dosage form have been developed using 0.1 N NaOH as a solvent. Two method is developed one is s i multaneous equation method at 275 nm and 314.5 nm. The second is the Q – analysis (absorption rat i o) method, which involves the formation of absorbance equation at 293 nm (isoabsorptive point) and at 314.5 nm the (max i mum absorption of Febuxostat). Beer’s law Obeyed in concentration range of 6-30 ig/ mL and 3-15 ig/ mL for Diclofenac potassium and Febuxostat respectively. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies was found to be 99.60 ± 0.389 and 99.74 ± 0.213 for simultaneous equation method and 99.74 ± 0.166 and 99.72 ± 0.200 for Q analysis (absorption ratio) method for Diclofenac potassium and Febuxostat respectively. These methods are simple, accurate and rapid; those require no preliminary separation and can therefore be used for routine analysis of both drugs in quality control l aborator i es. |
210439670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-10-24T09:12:02.384Z | 2019-10-17T00:00:00.000Z | An integrated African pastoral care approach to unaccompanied refugee minors based on Verryn’s Child interventions
The African proverb ‘it takes a village to raise a child’ has been compromised and exposed by the migration of Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URMs) from Zimbabwe to South Africa. Written from African women’s perspective, this article explores the response and approach of Bishop Paul Verryn to URMs. The article theologises Verryn’s response to URMs in conversation with African values, themes or sayings that relate to childcare, mainly from a Zimbabwean Ndebele context, and through the lens of the African saying ‘It takes a village to raise a child’. In the findings, three crucial socio-ecclesial themes emerge from Verryn’s response which I refer to as the three Cs, namely, collaboration, consultation and contextuality. These are discussed through the lens of African women’s theology in relation to African values of childcare and its implications for pastoral care in a context of displaced children, and accompanied or unaccompanied minors (child migrants). |
16197120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-25T20:35:49.587Z | 2003-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in ischaemic diabetic lower extremity ulcers: a double-blind randomised-controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
ischaemic lower-extremity ulcers in the diabetic population are a source of major concern because of the associated high risk of limb-threatening complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hyperbaric oxygen in the management of these ulcers.
METHOD
eighteen diabetic patients with ischaemic, non-healing lower-extremity ulcers were recruited in a double-blind study. Patients were randomly assigned either to receive 100% oxygen (treatment group) or air (control group), at 2.4 atmospheres of absolute pressure for 90 min daily (total of 30 treatments).
RESULTS
healing with complete epithelialisation was achieved in five out of eight ulcers in the treatment group compared to one out of eight ulcers in the control group. The median decrease of the wound areas in the treatment group was 100% and in the control group was 52% (p=0.027). Cost-effectiveness analysis has shown that despite the extra cost involved in using hyperbaric oxygen, there was a potential saving in the total cost of treatment for each patient during the study.
CONCLUSION
hyperbaric oxygen enhanced the healing of ischaemic, non-healing diabetic leg ulcers and may be used as a valuable adjunct to conventional therapy when reconstructive surgery is not possible. |
211231670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-02-22T14:04:13.582Z | 2020-02-21T00:00:00.000Z | Genetically distinct Acidovorax citrulli strains display cucurbit fruit preference under field conditions.
Strains of Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits, can be assigned to two groups, I and II. The natural association of group I and II strains with different cucurbit species suggests host preference; however, there are no direct data to support this hypothesis under field conditions. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess differences in the prevalence of group I and II A. citrulli strains on cucurbit species in the field. From 2017-2019, we used group I and II strains to initiate BFB outbreaks in field plots planted with four cucurbit species. At different times, we collected symptomatic tissues and assayed them for group I and II strains using a group-specific PCR assay. Binary distribution data analysis revealed that the odds of melon, pumpkin, and squash foliage infection by group I strains were 21.7, 11.5, and 22.1 times greater, respectively, than the odds of watermelon foliage infection by the group I strain (p < 0.0001). More strikingly, the odds of melon fruit infection by the group I strain were 97.5 times greater than watermelon fruit infection by the same strain (p < 0.0001). Unexpectedly, some of the group II isolates recovered from the 2017 and 2019 studies were different from the group II strains used as inocula. Overall, data from these experiments confirm that A. citrulli strains exhibit a preference for watermelon and melon, which is more pronounced in fruit tissues. |
22296420 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-08-16T12:57:06.575Z | 2008-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type-I Receptor-Dependent Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 but not Akt (Protein Kinase B) Can Be Induced by Picropodophyllin
The initial event upon binding of insulin-like growth factor 1 to the insulin-like growth factor type-I receptor (IGF-1R) is auto-phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the activation loop of the kinase domain followed by phosphorylation of other receptor tyrosine residues and the subsequent activation of the intracellular signaling cascades. We found recently that the cyclolignan picropodophyllin (PPP) inhibits phosphorylation of IGF-1R and phosphatidyl-3 kinase/Akt (protein kinase B) signaling molecules without interfering with the highly homologous insulin receptor. Furthermore, PPP causes regression of tumor grafts and substantially prolongs the survival of animals with systemic tumor disease. It is of interest that we show here that short treatments with PPP activate the intracellular extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Our data suggest that PPP induces IGF-1R ubiquitination and in turn activates ERK1/2. The PPP-induced ERK activation requires IGF-1R because PPP is not able to induce ERK phosphorylation in IGF-1R-negative cells or in cells in which the receptor is knocked down by small interfering RNA. Moreover, in the absence of Mdm2, an E3 ligase that has been shown previously to be involved in IGF-1R ubiquitination, the phosphorylation of ERK did not occur. Thus, apart from inhibiting the receptor activity, PPP can induce IGF-1R ubiquitination and stimulate ERK in an Mdm2-dependent manner. This response could contribute to the apoptotic effect of PPP. |
145684220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-06T14:05:16.470Z | 1982-02-05T00:00:00.000Z | Predictive Value of the Parent Guide to Quality Day Care Centers: Study II
The purpose of the present study was to establish, through a replication in a second community, the reliability and predictive validity of the Parent Guide to Quality Day Care Centers. 28 women were asked to use the items in the guide as a basis for observing in 11 licensed day care centers prejudged by child care experts to provide either above- or below-average services. Paralleling our initial research, a significant number of the items (91%) were reliably observed more frequently in centers prejudged to provide above-average services than in centers prejudged to provide below-average services. We concluded that parents must use observational guidelines to help them select day-care programs above average in quality because day-care licensing has limited value. |
22297170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:47:32.025Z | 2002-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Comparison of a new reduced lead set ECG with the standard ECG for diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia.
In a few patients, 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) derived from reduced-lead-set configurations do not match the standard ECG. Constructing an ECG from a reduced number of standard leads should minimize this problem because some of the resultant 12 leads would always include "true" standard leads. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of a new reduced-lead-set 12-lead ECG ("interpolated" ECG) with the standard ECG to diagnose cardiac arrhythmias and acute myocardial ischemia. The interpolated ECG uses six standard electrode sites (limb leads plus V(1) and V(5)), from which the remaining four precordial leads (V(2), V(3), V(4), and V(6)) are constructed. Standard and interpolated ECGs were compared using data from 2 prospective clinical trials involving 649 patients evaluated for 1) chest pain in the emergency department (ischemia group, n = 509) or 2) tachycardias in the cardiac electrophysiology laboratory (arrhythmia group, n = 140). Diagnoses were identical between standard and interpolated ECGs for bundle branch and fascicular blocks, left atrial enlargement, right ventricular hypertrophy, prior inferior myocardial infarction (MI), and the distinction of ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction. There was 99% agreement for prior anterior MI (kappa, .935, P =.000). The percent agreement for acute myocardial ischemia on the initial ECG recorded in chest-pain patients in the emergency department was 99.2% (kappa, .978, P =.000). Of the 120 patients who had ST events with continuous standard 12-lead ECG monitoring, 116 (97%) also had criteria for transient ischemia with the interpolated ECG (ie, DeltaST >or= 100 microV in >or=1 lead(s) lasting >or=1 minute(s). The interpolated 12-lead ECG is comparable to the standard ECG for diagnosing multiple cardiac abnormalities, including wide-QRS-complex tachycardias and acute myocardial ischemia. The advantages of this ECG method are that the standard electrode sites are familiar to clinicians and that eight of the 12 leads are "true" standard leads. Hence, QRS-axis and morphology criteria for diagnosing wide-QRS-complex tachycardia and bundle branch and fascicular blocks are preserved. |
7029970 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | SOME ASPECTS OF INVESTIGATION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS PRODUCED BY MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEARS
Investigation of magnetic fields in medium voltage switchgears (up to 40 kV) becomes a strongly topical business, which has several reasons. Nowadays, various switchgears and substations of this kind are often installed in densely populated areas (for example in buildings for commercial purposes etc.) and may represent a danger associated with their possibly negative influencing of near low current and telecommunication devices as well as living organisms. Because of a lot of various uncertainties in this domain practically all developed countries accepted corresponding standards that, nevertheless, still substantially differ from one another. The unambiguous trend is (at least within the European Union), however, their unification. Manufacturers and operators of the mentioned appliances must certify them, accordingly, i.e. must guarantee the maximum values of field quantities in its neighborhood. This may be realized by either measurements (that is, however, time consuming, expensive and, under common operation conditions, often complicated) or numerical simulations. The latter way – after validating results by experiments – becomes relatively cheap and offers inclusion of optimization techniques. The authors continue in their work where they suggested a methodology of determining magnetic field distribution in the neighborhood of switchgears that consists of several steps. The basics steps are represented by preprocessing (input of 3D geometry), building of 3D mathematical model, its solution (realized by a combination of ANSYS and a number of user procedures) and consequent verification of results. The paper pays attention mainly to the phase of preprocessing (selection of the definition area with boundary conditions, parameters of discretization mesh) and solution. Discussed is accuracy of results and also problems concerning measurements and evaluation of the field distribution. The methodology is illustrated on an example – switchgear substation of type WS, manufacturer Areva Sachsenwerk, Germany. The most important results are compared with measured values. This paper represents one of the results of cooperation between the University of West Bohemia and Areva Sachsenwerk, Germany. ELEKTROENERGETIKA Stará Lesná, 21. 23. 9. 2005 1. Basic properties of the switchgears The essential components of switchgear installations are the bus bars (as well as some bar elements), switchgear device, space for feeding of power cables and other equipment (case for switchgear mechanism, low voltage devices etc.). The basic structure is schematically shown in Fig. 1. The entire switchgear installation consists of those switchgears panels where the arrangements and types of used panels depend on the requirements of the operating utility. From the viewpoint of computer simulation it is possible to divide the investigated medium voltage switchgear into next following five basic functional parts: • container with vacuum circuit breakers, disconnector, bus bars etc • cable compartment • low voltage cabinet • housing for the operating mechanism of the switching devices • cooler All these parts can be then divided into two types: active parts (such as conductors, bus bars etc.) representing sources of magnetic field and passive parts (cases from magnetic or nonmagnetic steel, coolers) that more or less shield the magnetic fields. 2. Steps of the solution For the numerical simulation using FEM software it is usually necessary to simplify this relatively complicated geometry and take into account only the relevant shielding parts reducing the magnetic field outside the device. Resembling all above mentioned parts, the authors used in phase of preprocessing a combination of possibilities of CAD systems (Mechanical Desktop) with Ansys pre-processor. The model geometry created was then discretized and solved in Ansys 6.1 environment. Distribution of magnetic field is evaluated mainly outside the switchgear with the aim to evaluate how far from the investigated device are isolines 1μΤ, 10μΤ and 100μΤ (maximum values admitted by the standards). The results obtained are then compared with measurement (in this case with respect to the Switzerland national standard allowing 1μΤ). The measurement of the switchgear was carried out under operation conditions in the factory of Areva in Regensburg. Bus bar |
26865570 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:47:14.072Z | 2013-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | How to write an Interpretation
To cite: Behjati S. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2013;98:49–51. As the arsenal of clinical investigations is continuously changing, it can be challenging to choose the right test for your patient. Novel tests arrive and supersede old ones; indications for established tests change; test results have to be reinterpreted in the light of new evidence. Inappropriate testing can have a range of negative consequences, from adding nothing to the patient’s management, generating confusion and at worst providing false reassurance. To help paediatricians make best use of the plethora of tests at their disposal, we at E&P have devised Interpretations. Here, I present the format with the aim to encourage you, our reader, to pick up a pen and to start writing. |
3457470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-02-23T14:17:06.578Z | 2018-01-22T00:00:00.000Z | Deep Learning for Better Variant Calling for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
High-throughput techniques have revolutionized the study of genomics and molecular biology in recent years. These methods provide a large quantity of sequence data, and have applications in different areas of bioinformatics. One can sequence parts or whole of an organism's DNA to determine genetic information about an individual or a population, measure expression levels of different genes under different conditions, and determine binding affinity of proteins to DNA segments revealing details regarding gene regulation, at a higher resolution than before. However, different high-throughput methods that target even a single application have different underlying error models. Robust analytic pipelines are necessary to extract necessary information from the raw data. In this paper, we discuss future research directions for developing such analytics using techniques from Machine Learning and Deep Neural Networks. We focus on two applications that will affect the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. |
147120820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-08T13:30:11.415Z | 1988-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Factors Associated with Independent Meal Preparation, Self-Care and Mobility in CVA Clients
This study compared factors associated with and predictive of performance by stroke clients on two tests, namely a Meal Preparation Scale and the Barthel Index (a measure of independence in self-care and mobility). There is some overlap between factors associated with independent meal preparation and those associated with independence in self-care and mobility. However, motor function in the upper extremity is significantly (.05) more highly correlated with performance of self-care and mobility (r = .47) than with meal preparation (r = .28). Similarly, motor function in the lower extremity is significantly (.05) more highly correlated with performance in self-care and mobility (r = .47) than with meal preparation (r = .07). On the other hand, motor planning is significantly (.05) more highly correlated with meal preparation (r = .51) than with self-care and mobility (r = .28). Motor function in the upper extremity and visual-spatial perception on admission are predictors of future performance in both self-care mobility and meal preparation; but neither function can be predicted accurately using variables measured in this study. |
18664920 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-04-07T00:00:00.000Z | 1989-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Alpha du centaur: a prototype environment for the design of parallel regular alorithms
We describe Alpha du Centaur (ADC), a prototype environment for the design of parallel regular algorithms. In ADC, a program is specified using the Alpha language, using system of parameterized linear recurrence equations. The goal of ADC is to make it possible to transform the initial specifications into a parallel algorithm, that is to say, another system of recurrence equations, in which the time and the space index are separated.
The first section of the paper is devoted to a presentation of the model underlying ADC, i.e., system of recurrence equations. The second section summarizes briefly the knowledge we have on this formalism, and presents some open problems. In the third section, we describe the architecture of ADC, which is based on the CENTAUR environment, and we present an example of utilization of ADC for designing a simple algorithm. |
103448820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-09T13:05:07.846Z | 1998-11-12T00:00:00.000Z | Solvent based compositions containing a substantially non-gelled polymeric composition
A solvent based composition containing a non-aqueous solvent and a substantially non-gelled polymeric composition is disclosed. The polymeric composition comprises the reaction product of an A polymer which is an addition polymer having 3.5 or more reactive functional groups per polymer chain and a B polymer having about 2 to about 3 functional groups per polymer chain that are co-reactive with the reactive functional groups of the A polymer. The solvent based composition includes coatings, adhesives, inks, primers, overprint varnishes and the like. |
214311670 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-12-05T09:10:14.523Z | 2020-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Online Control and Near-Optimal Algorithm for Distributed Energy Storage Sharing in Smart Grid
This paper proposes an online control approach for real-time energy management of distributed energy storage (ES) sharing. A new ES sharing scenario is considered, in which the capacities of physical ESs (PESs) are reallocated to users, so that each user manages its own virtual ES (VES) without knowing detailed operations of the PESs. To optimize the ES sharing system in real time, an online algorithm is developed based on Lyapunov optimization framework. The advantage of the online algorithm is that it makes decisions only based on the realization of current system states, without having to predict future uncertain system states such as electricity price, user load, and renewable generation. In performance analysis, it is proven that the online solution is feasible and has a provable performance guarantee. Based on the analysis, an approach for optimal offline parameter selection is proposed to guarantee the online control performance. For practical need of privacy protection, a distributed implementation of the online control is proposed via alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). In the distributed implementation, users are allowed to manage their VESs locally without sending their private data to anyone. In simulation, actual real-time data of electricity price, home load, and home renewable generation is used. Results show that the proposed distributed online control approach can provide a near-optimal solution, compared with other benchmarks. |
125291870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-22T13:07:12.066Z | 2018-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Coordinated motion control of a pneumatic-cylinder-driven biaxial gantry for contour tracking tasks
In this paper, coordinated motion control of the pneumatic-cylinder-driven biaxial gantry for precise contour tracking is investigated. An adaptive robust coordinated motion controller is developed by incorporating the task coordinate formulation into the adaptive robust control architecture. Specifically, a task coordinate frame is used to approximately calculate the contour error, which is utilized for controller design to generate coordination between two axes. Furthermore, the proposed controller utilizes online parameter adaptation to estimate some important unknown model parameters, and employs a robust control law to attenuate the effects of parameter estimation errors, unmodelled dynamics and external disturbances. Therefore, certain transient contouring performance and steady-state contour tracking accuracy can be guaranteed. Extensive comparative experimental results obtained verify the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated motion control strategy and its performance robustness to sudden disturbances in practical implementation. |
20001220 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:05:31.982Z | 2006-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Sorbent Suspensions vs. Sorbent Columns for Extracorporeal Detoxification in Hepatic Failure
Abstract: Hepatic failure is a significant medical problem which has been unsuccessfully treated by hemodialysis. However, similar therapies using recirculated dialysate regenerated by sorbents in place of single‐pass dialysate have been beneficial in treating acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. The advantages of sorbent‐based treatments include some selectivity of toxin removal and improved removal of protein‐bound toxins. Activated carbon has been extensively used in detoxification systems, but has often had insufficient toxin capacity. Powdered activated carbon, because of its large surface area, can provide greater binding capacity for bilirubin and other toxins than granular carbon commonly used in detoxifying columns. Methods of using powdered carbon in extracorporeal blood treatment devices are reviewed in the present paper, including liver dialysis and a new sorbent suspension reactor (SSR); and the abilities and limitations of the SSR and columns to process protein solutions are discussed. |
225966320 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-10-30T13:14:32.366Z | 2020-10-30T00:00:00.000Z | Calorimeter for Real-Time Dosimetry of Pulsed Ultra-High Dose Rate Electron Beams
An aluminum calorimeter was investigated as a possible real-time dosimeter for electron beams with an ultra-high dose per pulse (DPP), as used in FLASH radiation therapy (a few Gy/pulse). Ionization chambers, the most widely used active dosimeter type in conventional external beam radiation therapy, suffer from large ion recombination losses at these conditions. Passive dosimeters, such as alanine, are independent of dose rate but do not provide real-time read-out. In this work it is shown that the response of alanine is independent of the DPP in the investigated ultra-high DPP range (up to 2.3 Gy/pulse). Alanine dose measurements were then used to determine the ion recombination correction for an Advanced Markus plane-parallel ionization chamber at ultra-high DPP. Ion collection losses larger than 50% were observed. Therefore, ionization chambers are not considered suitable for accurate dosimetry in FLASH radiation therapy. As an alternative, in a second (independent) experiment an aluminum open-to-atmosphere calorimeter, operated in the quasi-adiabatic mode was investigated at ultra-high DPP electron radiation. The beam pulse charge, and thus the DPP, was varied to evaluate the linearity of the calorimeter response in the DPP range between 0.3 and 1.8 Gy/pulse. On average, the standard deviation of the calorimeter response was 0.1%. The response was proportional to the DPP in the investigated range. The average deviation of the linear fit of the calorimeter dose as a function of the beam pulse charge was <0.5%. This preliminary investigation suggests that a simplified calorimeter design is suitable as a dosimeter with real-time read-out for clinical FLASH radiation therapy beams. |
28132470 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:39:39.746Z | 2016-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | On the Efficiency of Runs Rules Schemes for Process Monitoring
There are two main types of variations, namely, common and special causes leading to in‐control and out‐of‐control states, respectively. Control charts are popular tools used to differentiate between these two states of a process. Implementation of runs rules schemes with control charts is an attractive approach for process monitoring. This study is designed to describe the methodology of runs rules schemes and discuss their implementation for different types of control charts. We have considered memory‐less charts, namely, X¯ , S, and R charts for our study purposes. It is examined that the efficiency gain depends on the number of decision points utilized to implement a given rule. Moreover, superiority of runs rules schemes may vary for different types of location and dispersion charts. An application example using a dataset is also included in the study for practical considerations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
22196020 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:58:23.875Z | 2004-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Mortality from external causes in Lithuania: looking for critical points in time and place
Aim: A study was undertaken to analyse trends in mortality from major external causes of death, and to detect urban/rural differences by cut points over the period of socioeconomic transition. Methods: Information on deaths from major external causes (traffic accidents, suicides, and homicides) for the 1990 - 2000 period was obtained from Lithuanian Department of Statistics. Mortality rates were age standardized, using the European standard, and analysed, according to (urban/rural) residence and sex. The Jointpoint analysis was used to identify the best-fitting points, wherever a statistically significant change in mortality occurred. Results: The most critical point for external causes of mortality during the period of transition was the year 1994, when an increasing mortality trend reversed to a decreasing one. Mortality from suicides primarily caused these positive changes. Changes in mortality from traffic accidents were not significantly associated with the period under analysis. Numerous less favourable trends in rural areas, including suicide rates, traffic accidents, and homicides, are likely to stratify urban/rural health outcomes in the future. Conclusion: Despite a recent decline, mortality from external causes remains at an extremely high level in Lithuania. Future progress requires sustained improvements in prevention, and serious attention to external causes of death in health policy development. |
95047020 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-05T03:38:46.723Z | 2012-08-28T00:00:00.000Z | Improvements of Bilayer Ambipolar Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Pentacene and N,N '-Ditridecylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic Di-imide by Changing Growth Rate Method
The changing growth rate method is adopted for the first time to improve the performance of ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Pentacene and N,N '-ditridecylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic di-imide (PTCDI-C13) are chosen as p-type and n-type organic semiconductors, respectively. By modifying the dielectric surface with polystyrene, balanced carrier mobilities as high as 0.41 and 0.40 cm2·V-1·s-1 for hole and electron, respectively, are achieved through such method, which are the highest values for air-stable ambipolar OFETs. Meanwhile, the devices show negligible hysteresis and air stability for more than one week. |
19137720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:48:48.708Z | 1991-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Biliary calculosis--new possibilities of treatment].
The gallstone prevalence rate in Croatia is in the range of 10 to 20 per cent and for the population above age 65 years is around 30 per cent. Human gallstones are classified into two categories, i.e. cholesterol stones and pigment stones. Cholesterol stones account for 70-80% of gallstones. They are formed due to the bile supersaturation with cholesterol and later nucleation of cholesterol vesicles and crystal formation. Pigment stones of black type account for 20-25% of gallstones. They are formed as a result of chronic hemolysis. Surgery is still a method of choice in treatment of majority of patients with gallstones. It is a low-risk therapy with high success rate that can be used regardless the size, number, composition and localisation of gallstones. Cholesterol stones can be dissolved by direct instillation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE therapy), fragmented by extracorporeal shockwaves (ESWL) and dissolved using bile salts chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid. The problems with these treatment modalities is high recurrence rate and limitation described for each method. Choledocholithiasis can be treated surgically, by endoscopic sphincterotomy combined with stone extraction and by extraction via T-tract. The decision on the best treatment modality in gallstone patients should be made only after careful evaluation of all relevant facts (type of stone, number and size of stones, localisation of stones, patient's age and general condition) taking into consideration the team experience. It is imperative not to use the treatment method with possible complication that cannot be dealt with in the institution performing the treatment. |
121062970 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-18T13:07:45.031Z | 2011-09-08T00:00:00.000Z | Control of spontaneous emission with functionalized multilayered hyperbolic metamaterials
The behavior of spontaneous emission of emitters embedded inside metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion has been investigated. A simple technique has been developed to fabricate lamellar metal-dielectric hyperbolic metamaterials on substrates which can be flat, flexible or curvilinear in geometry. Moreover, this method opens up the possibility of functionalizing the dielectric layers by dye molecules. Utilizing this technique, we study the spontaneous emission kinetics of emitters placed either on top, or embedded inside hyperbolic metamaterials. While we observe a reduction in the radiative lifetimes in both cases, owing to the singularity in the density of photonic states, the effect is much stronger when the dye molecules are inside the metamaterial, rather than on its surface. |
24523120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:33:40.222Z | 2005-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Faithful expression of living color reporter genes in transgenic medaka under two tissue‐specific zebrafish promoters
To test tissue specificity of zebrafish gene promoters in a heterologous fish species, two transgenic medaka lines under two zebrafish promoters were generated. Under the zebrafish skeletal muscle‐specific mylz2 promoter, transgenic medaka expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) exclusively in skeletal muscles, mimicking the endogenous medaka mylz2 mRNA expression and also identical to GFP expression in mylz2:gfp transgenic zebrafish. A madaka mylz2 promoter was also capable of directing skeletal muscle‐specific GFP expression in transient transgenic zebrafish embryos. In the krt8:rfp transgenic medaka line with the zebrafish epithelial krt8 promoter, red fluorescent protein was specifically expressed in the skin epithelia as well as the epithelial lining cells of the anterior digestive tract, which was also identical to GFP expression in krt8:gfp transgenic zebrafish. Therefore, the two zebrafish promoters faithfully function in a heterologous fish species, and it is likely that the mechanisms of tissue‐specific expression are largely conserved among fish species. Developmental Dynamics 234:387–392, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
211210520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-02-20T09:12:42.804Z | 2019-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Avoiding Expensive Specialized Equipment in Testing the Stability of a Buck Converter Using Time Domain Analysis
The common way to check converter stability is via frequency domain analysis, by measuring the open loop frequency response, and observing the control loop cross-over frequency and phase margin at the cross-over point. It is a complicated measurement, requiring specialized, expensive equipment and fine skills. A simpler way to quickly check converter stability and performances is via time domain analysis by applying a fast load step to the converter and observing the output voltage response during the load step; It will highlight potential problems regarding loop stability, input supply stability, slope compensation issues, load regulation and layout problems. The electronic load could suffer a hardware simplification too by taking account that it is not necessary usage of an expensive one but an emulated one. |
15004920 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2005-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Performance of the fluorescence detectors of the pierre auger observatory
Fluorescence detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory have been operating in a stable manner since January 2004. After a brief review of the physical characteristics of the detectors, the associated atmospheric monitoring, the calibration infrastructure and the detector aperture, we will describe the steps required for the reconstruction of fluorescence event data, with emphasis on the shower profile parameters and primary energy. |
124767870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-21T13:11:00.689Z | 2016-05-12T00:00:00.000Z | Network reconstruction via graph blending
Graphs estimated from empirical data are often noisy and incomplete due to the difficulty of faithfully observing all the components (nodes and edges) of the true graph. This problem is particularly acute for large networks where the number of components may far exceed available surveillance capabilities. Errors in the observed graph can render subsequent analyses invalid, so it is vital to develop robust methods that can minimize these observational errors. Errors in the observed graph may include missing and spurious components, as well fused (multiple nodes are merged into one) and split (a single node is misinterpreted as many) nodes. Traditional graph reconstruction methods are only able to identify missing or spurious components (primarily edges, and to a lesser degree nodes), so we developed a novel graph blending framework that allows us to cast the full estimation problem as a simple edge addition/deletion problem. Armed with this framework, we systematically investigate the viability of various topological graph features, such as the degree distribution or the clustering coefficients, and existing graph reconstruction methods for tackling the full estimation problem. Our experimental results suggest that incorporating any topological feature as a source of information actually hinders reconstruction accuracy. We provide a theoretical analysis of this phenomenon and suggest several avenues for improving this estimation problem. |
36901720 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:52:57.054Z | 1977-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Location of the ss--mutation of bacteriophage T7 in genes 10, the structural gene for the major capsid protein
T7+ phage are unable to plate on a strain of Shigella sonnei D2 371-48. Spontaneous phage mutants arise (ss--mutants) that are able to plate on this strain of Shigella. We have shown by complementation studies and genetic crosses that the ss--mutation maps in gene 10, the structural gene for the major protein of the capsid. This finding implies that the gene 10 protein may interact with a host protein during phage development and that the abortive infection of T7 observed in S. sonnei D2 371-48 with T7+ phage may be a defect in head morphogenesis. Our studies also reveal that various T7 strains commonly contain deletions in nonessential regions. T7 ss--mutants selected after growth of T7+ on Shigella D2 371-48 often acquire a deletion in the 0.7 gene that is not necessary for the ss--phenotype. Finally, we have found a new nonessential region of the T7 chromosome that is located between 33 and 35.5% of the T7 genome length. |
81444820 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-18T14:06:43.214Z | 2018-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | 351 Neuronal supplement deprivation decreases erythropoietin receptor expression in mouse brain and spinal cord neurons in-vitro
Purpose of study The tissue protective receptor (TPR), a heterodimer of &bgr;- common receptor (BCR) and erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), triggers a tissue protective mechanism in neurons. An in-vitro model of neuronal ischemia requires oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). OGD experiments on neonatal mouse neurons revealed a large decrease in EpoR, which may not be due to the OGD conditions. Serum free neuronal culture commonly uses neuronal supplement (NS) B27. It is not present in OGD treatment media to avoid alteration of ischaemic damage. We hypothesise that the deprivation of neuronal supplement independently reduces EpoR present on the neuronal cell membrane. Methods used Brain and spinal cord tissue was collected from neonatal mice (2–5 days old), then digested by papain and trituration. Neurons were isolated from the digested tissue by centrifugation. The neurons were cultured at a density of 200 k–250 k cells/cm2 for 1 week on PDL coated plates in Neurobasal-A Medium with 2% (v/v) B27 neuronal supplement (Gibco). The cells were then treated with either B27 deprived media or fresh media with 2% B27. After 1–2 hours, the cells were lysed and a Western blot for BCR and EpoR was performed. Summary of results Neurons subject to NS deprivation showed decreased EpoR such that it was undetectable relative to neurons given 2% B27 (brain: 0.0 vs 0.39±0.055, p<0.01; spinal cord: 0.0 vs 0.33±0.056, p<0.01). BCR was not significantly different in neurons deprived of NS versus neurons given 2% B27 (brain: 0.45±0.046 vs 0.46±0.044, p=0.91; spinal cord: 0.35±0.056 vs 0.32±0.051, p=0.74). Conclusions Neuronal supplement deprivation reduces the amount of EpoR present on neurons, while having no effect on BCR. This may imply that EpoR is required at some ratio to facilitate BCR’s protection mechanism. Future study aims to better define the relationship between EpoR and BCR, and their tissue protective mechanism. In addition, effects of a decrease in TPR should be considered when using this in-vitro model. |
9132520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:05:50.064Z | 1992-12-25T00:00:00.000Z | [Diagnostic imaging of polysplenia syndrome in the adult].
Polysplenia syndrome is a congenital disorder of situs that is characterized by the presence of multiple spleens and a variable combination of thoracic and visceral anomalies. We present three adult cases of polysplenia syndrome with emphasis on the diagnostic imaging findings. Computed tomography could best determine the exact location and shape of the anomalous organs. The visceral anomalies observed in our patients included multiple spleens, interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC), azygos or hemiazygos continuation, left-sided IVC, symmetrical liver, anomalous fissure of the liver, anomalous lobe of the liver, median location of the gallbladder, short pancreas, inverted stomach, gallbladder and pancreas, and intestinal malrotation. |
58584170 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-22T22:20:13.082Z | 2018-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | A fluid future for liquid biopsies
O ncologists have dreamed of them for years: noninvasive alternatives to tissue biopsies that can quickly identify tumors by the cells, DNA, or other cell components that they shed into patients’ blood. Now, several promising studies and a wave of prototypes suggest that such tests may be within reach. These new approaches to liquid biopsies, led by methods for detecting circulating tumor DNA, have been generating considerable excitement because of their potential to provide easier, less painful options for early detection; more tailored therapies; and better monitoring and prediction of cancer recurrence in lieu of more expensive imaging scans. That excitement, though, comes with a big caveat. For all the encouraging data from the flood of new panels, several experts agree that most of the tests must significantly improve their performance before they are ready for prime time. “This is the future, but we are not there yet,” says Gonzalo Torga, MD, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. One liquid biopsy in development, called CancerSEEK, uses circulating proteins and DNA mutations to detect 8 distinct types of cancer. In a recent study in Science, the blood test correctly identified the disease in approximately 70% of 1005 patients who had already been diagnosed with a stage I, II, or III cancer.1 If it pans out, the test could offer advanced warning for multiple tumors— liver, pancreatic, esophageal, ovarian, and stomach—that currently lack screening tests. Still, although it demonstrated a specificity of more than 99%, CancerSEEK’s sensitivity varied widely, from a high of 98% for ovarian cancer to a low of 33% for breast cancer. Based in Menlo Park, California, GRAIL, a spinoff of sequencing titan Illumina, is trying to develop its own version of a liquid biopsy for early cancer detection. In June 2018, the company reported that combined results from several of its sequencing-based methods rivaled those of CancerSEEK: it correctly diagnosed ovarian, liver, pancreatic, and gallbladder cancer more than 80% of the time, but it was less than 25% accurate in detecting breast cancer. In March 2018, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists released a joint review of 77 articles describing liquid biopsy tests for solid tumors based on circulating tumor DNA analysis.2 Despite the tests’ potential, the expert panel concluded that the majority yielded “insufficient evidence of clinical validity and utility” for advanced cancers and even less evidence for early-stage cancers, treatment monitoring, or detection of residual disease. |
236297460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-07-26T00:05:23.954Z | 2021-06-16T00:00:00.000Z | New epiphytic sooty molds: Alloscorias syngonii (Readerielliopsidaceae) from Thailand
A novel taxon was found as epiphytic sooty molds on Syngonium podophyllum from Thailand. A new genus, Alloscorias gen. nov. is established to accommodate a novel taxon, named A. syngonii. The morphological characters of the species are observed in culture. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset of LSU, ITS, TEF-1α and RPB2 sequence data together with morphological support that Alloscorias is a distinct genus within Readerielliopsidaceae (Capnodiales). Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided in this paper. |
19297760 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:44:33.041Z | 1993-05-03T00:00:00.000Z | An efficient 175 MHz programmable FIR digital filter
An efficient 175-MHz programmable finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter is implemented. It uses a novel switchable unit-delay to allocate the optimal hardware resources to each filter tap. The authors' prototype circuit can have up to 32 linear taps with 16-bit I/O in a die size of 5.9mm by 3.4mm using 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. A simple recoding of the coefficient values results in a simplification of the digit multiplication hardware. On-chip testing circuitry permits the testing of the chip at a high frequency.<<ETX>> |
45577960 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-10-14T04:58:50.393Z | 1994-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Prevalence of Corynebacterium urealyticum in urine specimens collected at a university-affiliated medical center
Corynebacterium urealyticum (formerly Corynebacterium group D2) has been implicated as a cause of alkaline-encrusted cystitis and urinary tract struvite calculi. Despite preselecting urine specimens with neutral and alkaline pHs and using prolonged incubation on a selective medium, isolation of this organism was rarely observed in a population of hospitalized patients. We do not recommend routine cultures for this organism unless the urine is alkaline and struvite crystals, leukocytes, and erythrocytes are present. |
36949160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-12-09T18:13:42.287Z | 2017-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Epileptic seizure classification using novel entropy features applied on maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet transform of EEG signals
Using electroencephalography for diagnosis of seizure attacks has been in a great attention as it records abnormal electrical activities of the brain. This paper proposes a novel technique for diagnosis of epileptic seizures based on non-linear entropy features extracted from maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet transform (MODWPT) of EEG signals. Discriminative features are selected by a t-test criterion and used for the classification with two different classifiers. The proposed method is evaluated and compared to the previous methods in EEG seizure classification by using a publically available EEG dataset with different healthy and seizure suffering subjects. The obtained results show the superiority of the proposed method over the previous techniques in classification performance. |
43131160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:30:59.224Z | 1986-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Teacher Perceptions of School-Based Interventions
This article reports the results of a study investigating teachers' perceptions of intervention alternatives used to control classroom behavior problems. Regular and special educators from a two-state area completed a 65-item questionnaire assessing teachers' perceptions of the relative effectiveness, ease of use, and frequency of use of a variety of intervention strategies for the treatment of classroom behavior problems. Results indicated that teachers' responses factored into clearly defined categories. Further, teachers differentially rated these categories in terms of their relative effectiveness, ease of use, and frequency of use. Strategies rated as most effective, easiest to use, and most frequently used by both regular and special educators included interventions that either redirected students toward appropriate behavior or that involved manipulation of rewards. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for school-based consultants who interact with teachers concerning the control, of classroom behavior. |
39998610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:42:38.074Z | 2000-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Deinstitutionalization, social rejection, and the self-esteem of former mental patients.
Modified labeling theorists have long argued that the stigma of mental illness has important consequences for the lives of people with mental illness. We propose that social rejection is an enduring force in the lives of people with mental illness and that these experiences are central to understanding the poor self-concepts described by many former psychiatric patients. We explore changes in a cohort of recently deinstitutionalized mental patients' (N = 88) self-esteem and experiences with social rejection using data from a three wave panel survey conducted while institutionalized and over a two-year period following the patients' discharge from a long-term state hospital. Our results indicate that social rejection is a persistent source of social stress for the discharged patients. Moreover, these experiences increase feelings of self-deprecation that, in turn, weaken their sense of mastery. Where the patients' received their follow-up care--whether in a community setting or in another state hospital--had little impact on their self-related feelings or on their experiences of social rejection. Our results provide further support for modified labeling theory and underscore the need to consider the dynamic relationship between stigmatizing experiences and self-related changes. |
134546660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-27T13:13:34.345Z | 1994-06-14T00:00:00.000Z | Support structure for the ankle joint.
This holding structure, susceptible of being used both as a prevention means and as a curative means comprises three parts hinged between each other, respectively: a first rigid part (1), called rod and intended to surround partially and bear against the lower end of the user's leg and, subdivided in the terminal area into two branches (4, 5) and terminated at the two malleoli of the user's ankle; a second part called pedal shell (13) intended to surround the plantar arch; and a third part called sub-astragalian shell (6) having a V-shape and intended to be hinged respectively at the malleoli to the rod (1), at the two ends (8, 9) of the branches of the V so as to provide for the displacement of said rod (1) in the sagittal plane of the tibio-tarsal articulation and, on the other hand, at the upper end of the pedal shell (13) at the point of the V so that the pedal shell (13) may effect eversion and inversion motions with respect to the assembly formed by the rod (1) and the sub-astragalian shell (6). |
7811360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-10-09T20:37:22.850Z | 2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The misidentification syndromes as mindreading disorders
The patient with Capgras' syndrome claims that people very familiar to him have been replaced by impostors. I argue that this disorder is due to the destruction of a representation that the patient has of the mind of the familiar person. This creates the appearance of a familiar body and face, but without the familiar personality, beliefs, and thoughts. The posterior site of damage in Capgras' is often reported to be the temporoparietal junction, an area that has a role in the mindreading system, a connected system of cortical areas that allow us to attribute mental states to others. Just as the Capgras' patient claims that that man is not his father, the patient with asomatognosia claims that his arm is not really his. A similar account applies here, in that a nearby brain area, the supramarginal gyrus, is damaged. This area works in concert with the temporoparietal junction and other areas to produce a large representation of a mind inside a body situated in an environment. Damage to the mind-representing part of this system (coupled with damage to executive processes in the prefrontal lobes) causes Capgras' syndrome, whereas damage to the body-representing part of this system (also coupled with executive damage) causes asomatognosia. |
39877110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:38:30.242Z | 2009-08-21T00:00:00.000Z | Study of linear and nonlinear optical properties of dendrimers using density matrix renormalization group method.
We have used the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method to study the linear and nonlinear optical responses of first generation nitrogen based dendrimers with donor acceptor groups. We have employed Pariser-Parr-Pople Hamiltonian to model the interacting pi electrons in these systems. Within the DMRG method we have used an innovative scheme to target excited states with large transition dipole to the ground state. This method reproduces exact optical gaps and polarization in systems where exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian is possible. We have used a correction vector method which tacitly takes into account the contribution of all excited states, to obtain the ground state polarizibility, first hyperpolarizibility, and two photon absorption cross sections. We find that the lowest optical excitations as well as the lowest excited triplet states are localized. It is interesting to note that the first hyperpolarizibility saturates more rapidly with system size compared to linear polarizibility unlike that of linear polyenes. |
42289860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:18:07.137Z | 2016-08-10T00:00:00.000Z | Indices of adrenal deficiency involved in brain plasticity and functional control reorganization in hemodialysis patients with polysulfone membrane: BOLD-fMRI study.
This work purpose was to estimate the implication of suspected adrenal function deficiencies, which was influenced by oxidative stress (OS) that are generating brain plasticity, and reorganization of the functional control. This phenomenon was revealed in two-hemodialysis patients described in this paper. Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) revealed a significant activation of the motor cortex. Hemodialysis seems to originate an inflammatory state of the cerebral tissue reflected by increased OS, while expected to decrease since hemodialysis eliminates free radicals responsible for OS. Considering adrenal function deficiencies, sensitivity to OS and assessed hyponatremia and hypercalcemia, adrenal function deficiencies is strongly suspected in both patients. This probably contributes to amplify brain plasticity and a reorganization of functional control after hemodialysis that is compared to earlier reported studies. Brain plasticity and functional control reorganization was revealed by BOLD-fMRI with a remarkable sensitivity. Brain plastic changes are originated by elevated OS associating indices of adrenal function deficiencies. These results raise important issues about adrenal functional deficiencies impact on brain plasticity in chronic hemodialysis-patients. This motivates more global studies of plasticity induced factors in this category of patients including adrenal functional deficiencies and OS. |
36141060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-17T22:55:01.486Z | 2004-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Which Route to Recovery?
New learning often interferes with the production of older, previously learned responses. However, the original responses usually appear to spontaneously recover and regain their dominance after a delay. This article takes a new approach to questions of interference and recovery by examining performance on immediate and delayed tests using direct or indirect instructions. Direct instructions asked participants to deliberately retrieve the original responses, and indirect instructions allowed them to respond on a more automatic basis, using whatever response came to mind first. Results suggest that interference and recovery may have their largest effects via relatively automatic influences on memory, such as the accessibility of new versus original information. This finding adds a new perspective to classic theories of interference and recovery, and may also inform current understanding of performance in populations (e.g., older adults) that often rely predominantly on automatic memory processing. |
13703010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:11:56.109Z | 1995-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | A Large‐scale, Hospital‐based Case‐Control Study of Risk Factors of Breast Cancer According to Menopausal Status
We conducted a large‐scale, hospital‐based case‐control study to evaluate differences and similarities in the risk factors of female breast cancer according to menopausal status. This study is based on a questionnaire survey on life style routinely obtained from outpatients who first visited the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1992. Among 36,944 outpatients, 1,186 women with breast cancer detected by histological examination were taken as the case group (607 premenopausal women and 445 postmenopausal women) and 23,163 women confirmed to be free of cancer were selected as the control group. New findings and reconfirmed factors of breast cancer were as follows. 1) The risk of at least one breast cancer history among subjects’ first‐degree relatives was relatively high among pre‐ as well as post‐menopausal women. 2) A protective effect of physical activity against breast cancer was observed among both pre‐ and post‐menopausal women. 3) Dietary control decreased the risk of premenopausal breast cancer. 4) Current smoking and drinking elevated the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. 5) Decreasing trends of breast cancer risk were associated with intake of bean curd, green‐yellow vegetables, potato or sweet potato, chicken and ham or sausage in premenopausal women, while in postmenopausal women a risk reduction was associated with a more frequent intake of boiled, broiled and/or raw fish (sashimi). Further study will be needed to clarify the age group‐ and/or birth cohort‐specific risk factors for breast cancer among the young generation in Japan. |
169250610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-13T14:50:10.460Z | 2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | An International Overview of the Electronic Financial System and the Risks Related to It
A significant milestone in the evolution of financial reporting systems occurred when the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) were first applied in the year of 1989. The XBRL (extensible business reporting language) phenomenon marked a new stage in the development of global accounting and reporting systems in the year of 2008 when public companies in US began to use this system. Although the two steps have had a significant impact on the process of harmonizing the global financial reporting system, this process is yet not complete. This chapter presents a comparative analysis of some issues emerging from the application of electronic reporting systems in order to identify the risks presented by them and possible solutions to current practices in financial reporting. |
239092860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-10-20T16:16:02.266Z | 2021-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Determination of Symptoms of Depressive, Anxiety and Somatic and Perceived Threat of Covid-19 Among Health Care Workers
This study aimed to determine symptoms of depressive, anxiety and somatic and perceived threat of coronavirus disease among health care workers. The study was conducted in Istanbul. 315 health care workers who completed the online questionnaire included in the study. Measurement tools consisted of a questionnaire including items to define perceived level of coronavirus disease of participants and questions about demographic characteristics and Patient Health Questionnare-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-15. It was determined that somatic symptoms were clinically significantly high in 37.8% of the healthcare workers and it is followed by depression symptoms in 34% and anxiety symptoms in 23.5% respectively. The results showed that 77.8% of participants felt coronavirus disease as a life-threatening situation and 95.6% of them worried about being infected. Although worrying about being infected by coronavirus affected symptoms of depressive, anxiety and somatic, feeling life-threatening of coronavirus disease affected symptoms of anxiety and somatic. The factors associated with depression were following;females (OR, 3.85, p= 0.001), being married (OR, 2.35, P=0.049), and no physical exercise (OR, 3.02, p=0.008). As to somatic symptoms, being female (OR, 2.63, p= 0.013), living alone (OR, 2.66, p=0.016), having chronic diseases (OR, 4.31, p= 0.000), and no physical exercise (OR, 2.33, p=0.025) were found as the risk factors. Early psychosocial and psychotherapeutic interventions to these groups that have risk factors in terms of psychiatric symptoms might be beneficial in preventing the development of psychiatric symptoms in healthcare workers during outbreak. © 2021 The Author(s). |
120318610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-18T13:06:29.583Z | 2014-11-14T00:00:00.000Z | Spin-dependent transport between magnetic nanopillars through a nano-granular metal matrix
We investigate the influence of local magnetic field on the spin-dependent transport properties of magnetic granular metals. By means of electron-beam-induced-deposition we fabricate a complex granular system made of Co nanopillars embedded in a Pt-C nano-granular metal matrix. We identify two different spin-dependent tunnelling regimes. In the first one, transport occurs almost exclusively through the nano-granular Pt-C matrix and it is affected by the local stray field due to the Co nanopillars. In the second regime, the transport takes place through both the Pt-C matrix and the Co nanopillars. These two transport regimes are discriminated by the different sign of the magnetoresistance. In particular, a strong enhancement of the magnetoresistance is found at low temperatures in the second regime, which is caused by spin-flip scattering and higher order tunnelling processes. |
2714960 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:21:27.231Z | 1987-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Reproducibility and reliability of first pass radionuclide ventriculography with Au-195m. Validation of Au-195m radionuclide ventriculography.
Au-195m is a radio-isotope with an ultra-short half-life with which multiple sequential evaluations of ventricular function can be made. In order to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of analyses of overall and regional ventricular function by radio-isotope ventriculography with Au-195m we studied 10 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with coronary artery disease. Each subject underwent 4 first-pass studies: 1 with Tc-99m and, 10 minutes later, 3 with Au-195m (2 basal studies separated by 3-5 minutes interval and, 10 minutes later, 1 after s.l. nitroglycerin administration). Regional wall motion was analyzed and ejection fraction and peak count rate were determined in each test. Our study showed that the ejection fraction obtained with Au-195m was reproducible (r = 0.98) and correlated well with the ejection fraction determined by using Tc-99m (r = 0.98). The values of the peak count rate obtained with Tc-99m were higher than those obtained with Au-195m. Due to the specially designed collimator and the technical characteristics of the gamma-camera we used, we were able to record sufficiently high count-rates to evaluate regional wall motion, and this analysis was also found to be reliable and reproducible. After s.l. nitroglycerin administration, normal volunteers showed a significant increase of ejection fraction in comparison with basal acquisitions (p less than 0.05), while a wide range of responses was observed in the group of patients with coronary artery disease. We conclude that radio-isotope ventriculography with Au-195m is reliable and reproducible and could be a valid method of monitoring rapid variations induced in overall and regional left ventricular function. |
540360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:05:39.493Z | 1995-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | What are the origins of ecdysteroids in gastropods?
Terrestrial gastropods contain ecdysteroids, the origins of which are unknown. Whether they are synthesized by the animals or they arise from the diet is an open question. To address this problem, labeled cholesterol and various molecules which are efficiently converted into ecdysone by arthropods were tested as possible ecdysone precursors in Stylommatophra (gastropods). None of these experiments led to ecdysone biosynthesis and although snails and slugs were shown to contain some of the enzymes required for a biosynthetic pathway (i.e., a 3-oxoecdysteroid 3 beta-reductase, a 25-hydroxylase, and a 20-hydroxylase), no 2-hydroxylase and 22-hydroxylase activity could be detected. An endogenous origin would imply that Stylommatophora use a biosynthetic pathway different from that of insects. A dietary origin for ecdysteroids is also possible since, when ingested, these molecules remain in animals for several days and undergo limited metabolic conversion. |
22510410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:30:44.895Z | 1996-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Cystic fibrosis and the pseudomonads.
The microbiology of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis has altered over the past 10 years. The major pathogens in this disease are now Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, increasingly, Pseudomonas cepacia. P. aeruginosa respiratory infection in these patients is rarely eradicated and this is often the only pathogen found at post-mortem. The most important points in the pathogenesis of this infection are probably the protective role of the bacterial mucoid exopolysaccharide and the interaction of various other bacterial factors with the immune system of the body. P. cepacia has recently emerged as the common isolate from the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. The actual role of this organism in the progression of lung disease is poorly understood. There has been some speculation about the role of cross-infection in the acquisition of both of these organisms. The treatment of these infections is problematical because of the altered antimicrobial pharmaco-kinetics within the cystic fibrotic lung and the resistant properties of the organisms involved. Approaches which have been suggested recently include immunological interventions and genetic therapy. |
26339710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:43:22.365Z | 1983-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Neonatal jaundice and developmental defects
trauma, and are rarely associated with biliary malignancy. The most common type is the cholecystoduodenal fistula, and this accounted for 76% of cases in the Mayo Clinic study of 424 patients with fistulae.I Cholangitis is frequently found with the cholecystocolic type.':' Cholecystocolicfistulae are best treated by one-stage closure of the fistula combined with cholecystectomy. The common bile duct will frequently need exploration and drainage due to associated biliary sludge or calculi. G. J. Bates, A. R. Askew, Department of Surgery, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Qld. 4029. |
21380760 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-11-08T02:13:47.278Z | 1985-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | 557 INFECTION IN NEWBORN INFANTS - A CHANGING PATTERN IN A SPECIAL CARE UNIT (SCU)
An analysis of bacterial infection in the intensive and intermediate care nurseries (special care unit) of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania was made over a 3 year period to determine if changes in the predominant organisms for neonatal sepsis had occurred. From Jan. 1982 to Sept. 1984, 98 bacteremias were identified in 2571 infants, an incidence of 3.8/100 SCU admissions and 11.8/1000 hospital births was noted. Eighty-eight percent of all bacteremias were due to gram positive organisms, with coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) and beta hemolytic streptococcus Group B (GBS) being the predominant organisms. Paucity of gram negative infection was noted. CNS was responsible for 42% of bacteremias and 75% of nosocomial infections, while GBS was responsible for 32% of bacteremias and 78% of early infections. Incidence of GBS disease was 3.8/1000 hospital births; however, if GBS antigenuria as identified by latex agglutination was included, incidence rose to 5.5/1000 hospital births. Mortality from GBS was 11%. The majority of infants with CNS were 1600 gms. Although mortality was low, considerable morbidity was noted. Forty-two percent of infants with clinical signs of necrotizing enterocolitis were noted to have CNS bacteremia, and 32% of localized infections were due to CNS.These data suggest the changing pattern of infection and emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococcus as a pathogen. In view of the significant morbidity caused by CNS among low birth weight infants, antibiotic therapy for suspected nosocomial infection should include coverage against this ubiquitous organism. |
14722560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2006-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Elastic Slowing of Supersonic Beams
allowed me great freedom in my work and put a lot of trust in me. Nevertheless, you were always there with good advice and great ideas when I needed you. I am very proud that I was given the opportunity to work in your group. Thank you for supporting me during my time in Austin and beyond. I am equally thankful to my fellow group members and friends Adam Libson, Dr. Ed Narevicius and Christian Parthey. Everything we accomplished during the last one and a half years was a group effort and they are the main reason I am writing this thesis using the pronoun " we ". Adam, although you sometimes " unnerved " us with your constant fear of leaks or fatal rotor destruction, I wouldn't have wanted to work with anybody else than you on this project. You often foresaw problems we would have easily overlooked and solved them as well as many others in your intelligent and practical manner. You are a dear friend to me and I wish you the best for your future graduate studies, your career as a physicist, which will, considering your love for the subject, surely be a great one, and life beyond physics. Ed, you often asked the questions that made me concentrate on the important aspects of a problem, made me rethink our previous approach or simply made the problem vanish. By making me see things from a different perspective, you were a mentor without ever acting superior (after all, " you are the postdoc "). I thank you v for working with me, for bringing some sereneness in our lab, for advising me on my plans for the future and for being my friend. I wish you success in your professional life and you and your family great happiness in your private life. " Thank y'all! " Christian, you came in our lab when we were just starting to build the experiment, so you were thrown in at the deep end. I was amazed how quickly you became an integral part of the group and now, I can't imagine the Raizen lab without you. Sure, your intelligence and determination helped, but I think the true reason for this is that we all instantly liked you and that you have by now become a good friend. I wish you a fun and successful year in Austin and the best … |
155590910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-17T14:41:29.843Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | After Rome; or, Why Spenser Was Not a Republican
This essay raises some objections to the emerging critical consensus that Spenser’s political values were, at least in certain significant ways, aligned with Renaissance republicanism. Noting Spenser’s tendency to downplay the Roman state’s own institutional history in favor of its relations to predecessors and successors, I argue that he belongs, rather, to an Augustinian metahistorical tradition for which “the republic” features as a dubious, problematic category. Spenser responds to republican discourse primarily as raising a set of moral arguments about time, action, and the politically structured society. But whereas the Venetian theorist Gasparo Contarini exemplifies the republican tendency to maximize the definitional relations among virtue, permanence, and constitutional design, Spenser in both The Ruines of Time and his commendatory sonnet for Contarini’s English translation pointedly disassociates himself from that republican nexus. The time-bound society, I show in concluding, looks most like something fitted to Spenser’s ethical imagination the less it resembles the kind of balanced, stable ordering of parts that is the object of republican political analysis. |
194302410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-16T13:17:01.679Z | 2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Qualitative spatial reasoning for activity recognition using tools of ambient intelligence
The aging population represents a growing concern of governments due to the extent that it will take in the coming decades and the speed of its evolution. This problem will result in increasing number of people affected by many diseases associated with aging such as the various types of dementia, including the sadly famous Alzheimer's disease. People with Alzheimer's must be assisted at all time during their everyday life. Technological assistance inside what is called a smart home could bring an affordable solution to solve this concern. One of the key issues to smart home assistance is to recognize the ongoing activities of everyday life made by the patient in order to be able to provide useful services at an appropriate moment. To do so, we must build a structured knowledge base of activities from which one or many intelligent agents (communicating with each other) would use information extracted from the various sensors to take a decision on what the inhabitant could be currently doing. The best way to build such an algorithm is to exploit constraints of different natures (logical, temporal, etc.) in order to circumscribe a library of activities. Many authors have emphasized the importance of the fundamental spatial aspect in activity recognition. However, only few works exist, and they are tested in a limited way that does not allow discerning the importance of dealing with space. Important spatial criterions, such as distance between objects, could help to reduce the number of hypotheses. Moreover, many errors can be detected only by using the spatial reasoning such as position problems (inappropriate objects are brought into the activity zone) or orientation of object issue (cup of coffee is upside down when pouring coffee).
This thesis provides potential solutions to the problem outlined, which deals with spatial recognition of activities of daily living of a person with Alzheimer's disease. It proposes to adapt a theory of spatial reasoning, developed by Egenhofer, to a new model for recognition of activities. This new model allows identifying the ongoing activity using only qualitative spatial criterions which we demonstrate through the text that some could not have been identified otherwise. It also allows detection of new abnormalities related to the behavior of an individual in loss of autonomy. Finally, the model has been implemented and validated in carrying out activities in a smart home on the cutting edge of technology. These activities were derived from a clinical study with normal and mild to moderate Alzheimer subjects. The results were analyzed and compared with existing approaches to measure the contribution of this thesis.
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Le vieillissement de la population represente une preoccupation croissante des gouvernements en raison de l'ampleur qu'il prendra dans les prochaines decennies et la rapidite de son evolution. Ce probleme se traduira par l'augmentation du nombre de personnes touchees par de nombreuses maladies liees au vieillissement telles que les differents types de demence, y compris la tristement celebre maladie d'Alzheimer. Les personnes atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer doivent etre assistees en tout temps dans leur vie quotidienne. L'assistance technologique a l'interieur de ce qu'on appelle une maison intelligente pourrait apporter une solution abordable pour cette tâche. Une des questions cles inherentes a ce type d'assistance est de reconnaitre les activites courantes de la vie quotidienne faite par le patient afin d'etre en mesure de fournir des services utiles au moment le plus opportun. Pour ce faire, nous devons construire une base de connaissances structuree a partir de laquelle un ou plusieurs agents intelligents utilisant l'information extraite des divers capteurs pour emettre une hypothese ciblee concernant l'activite en cours de l'habitant. La meilleure facon de construire un tel algorithme est d'exploiter les contraintes de natures differentes (logique, temporelle, etc.) afin de circonscrire une bibliotheque d'activites. De nombreux auteurs ont souligne l'importance de l'aspect spatial fondamental dans la reconnaissance d'activite. Cependant, seuls quelques travaux existent, et ils sont testes de facon limitee qui ne permet pas de voir l'importance de considerer l'espace. Neanmoins, plusieurs criteres spatiaux tels que la distance entre les objets pourraient aider a reduire le nombre d'hypotheses d'activites. Par ailleurs, de nombreuses erreurs peuvent etre detectees uniquement en utilisant le raisonnement spatial, tel que les problemes de type position ou d'orientation.
Cette these fournit des pistes de solutions aux problemes decrits, qui traitent de la reconnaissance spatiale des activites de la vie quotidienne d'une personne avec la maladie d'Alzheimer. Elle propose d'adapter une theorie du raisonnement spatial, developpe par Egenhofer, a un nouveau modele pour la reconnaissance des activites. Ce nouveau modele permet d'identifier les activites en cours en utilisant uniquement les criteres spatiaux. Nous demontrons a travers le texte que certaines activites ne pourraient pas avoir ete identifiees autrement. Le modele permet egalement la detection de nouvelles anomalies liees au comportement d'un individu en perte d'autonomie. Enfin, le modele a ete implemente et valide en realisant des activites dans un habitat intelligent a la fine pointe de la technologie. Ces activites ont ete tirees d'une etude clinique avec des sujets normaux et Alzheimer. Les resultats ont ete analyses et compares avec les approches existantes pour evaluer la contribution de ce modele. |
237216310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-08-20T06:17:27.340Z | 2021-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Distribution of bacteria infected by metagenomic sequencing technology in maxillofacial space.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare and analyze the consistency and difference between metageno-mic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and conventional bacterial culture in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in maxillofacial space infection, as well as to provide a new detection method for the early clinical identification of pathogenic bacteria in maxillofacial space infection.
METHODS
The clinical data of 16 patients with oral and maxillofacial space infections in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2020 to June 2020 were collected. mNGS and conventional bacterial culture methods were used to detect pus. We then analyzed and compared the test results of the two methods, including the test cycle, positive detection rate, anaerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobes and aerobic bacteria detection rates, distribution of pathogenic bacteria, relative species abundance, and resistance genes.
RESULTS
The average inspection period of mNGS was (18.81±3.73) h, and the average inspection period of bacterial culture was (83.25±11.64) h, the former was shorter than the latter (P<0.05). The positive detection rate of mNGS was 100% (16/16), and the positive detection rate of conventional bacterial culture was 31.25% (5/16), the former was higher than the latter (P<0.05). The detection rate of mNGS anaerobic bacteria was 93.75% (15/16), the detection rate of bacterial culture anaerobes was 0 (0/16), the former was higher than the latter (P<0.05). Using mNGS, the detection rate of facultative anaerobes in bacterial culture was 75.00% (12/16), and the detection rate of facultative anaerobes in bacterial culture was 25.00% (4/16), the former was higher than the latter (P<0.05). The detection rate of aerobic bacteria in bacterial culture was 12.50% (1/16), the former was higher than the latter (P>0.05). mNGS detected 15 kinds of pathogenic bacteria, among which 3 were Gram positive, 12 were Gram negative, 49 were non-pathogenic, 16 were Gram positive, and 32 were Gram negative, 1 was fungus.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with conventional bacterial culture, mNGS has the characteristics of short test time, high sensitivity, and high accuracy. Thus, it is a new detection method for the early identification of pathogenic bacteria in maxillofacial space infection and is beneficial to the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. |
14320110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2000-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | A modified likelihood function approach to DOA estimation in the presence of unknown spatially correlated Gaussian noise using a uniform linear array
The problem of modified ML estimation of DOAs of multiple source signals incident on a uniform linear array (ULA) in the presence of unknown spatially correlated Gaussian noise is addressed here. Unlike previous work, the proposed method does not impose any structural constraints or parameterization of the signal and noise covariances. It is shown that the characterization suggested here provides a very convenient framework for obtaining an intuitively appealing estimate of the unknown noise covariance matrix via a suitable projection of the observed covariance matrix onto a subspace that is orthogonal complement of the so-called signal subspace. This leads to a formulation of an expression for a so-called modified likelihood function, which can be maximized to obtain the unknown DOAs. For the case of an arbitrary array geometry, this function has explicit dependence on the unknown noise covariance matrix. This explicit dependence can be avoided for the special case of a uniform linear array by using a simple polynomial characterization of the latter. A simple approximate version of this function is then developed that can be maximized via the-well-known IQML algorithm or its variants. An exact estimate based on the maximization of the modified likelihood function is obtained by using nonlinear optimization techniques where the approximate estimates are used for initialization. The proposed estimator is shown to outperform the MAP estimator of Reilly et al. (1992). Extensive simulations have been carried out to show the validity of the proposed algorithm and to compare it with some previous solutions. |
30806710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:44:51.575Z | 2012-06-20T00:00:00.000Z | Pathology and prognosis in pseudomyxoma peritonei: a review of 274 cases
Aims The classification of abdominal mucinous neoplasia is a controversial area. In 2010, WHO published a classification which divides pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) into low and high grades. The aim of the authors was to correlate this classification with the prognosis and site of primary neoplasm. Methods The authors reviewed 274 patients with PMP who had undergone surgery at a single institution and classified them according to WHO criteria. The findings were correlated with clinical information and survival data. Results PMP was low grade in 78% of patients and high grade in 22%. The appendix accounted for 94% of lesions, and the most common primary tumour was a low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. Colorectal primaries were more likely to be associated with high grade PMP. There was an excellent correlation between the grade of the PMP and the primary neoplasm; only two cases showed discordant morphology: both were high grade appendiceal adenocarcinomas that were associated with low grade PMP. Nodal metastases were more likely in high grade lesions, but there was no significant difference in the rate of parenchymal organ invasion between low grade and high grade. Low grade morphology was associated with significantly longer survival than high grade (overall 5-year survival of 63% for low grade and 23% for high grade). Conclusions Categorisation as either low grade or high grade by WHO criteria correlates with prognosis. The grade of the PMP is generally consistent with the grade of the primary neoplasm. Colorectal primaries are more likely to be associated with high grade PMP. |
102340010 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-22T04:59:36.054Z | 2018-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | A note on lexicalizing ‘what’ and ‘who’ in Russian and in Polish
Abstract The contrast between the Russian čto and the Polish co ‘what’ is syntactic and reflects the way in which an identical sequence of features in the syntactic representation becomes realized as morphology. Specifically, I argue that this scenario follows from a spell-out mechanism outlined in Starke (2018), where prefix formation, as in the Russian tri-morphemic čt-o but not in the Polish bi-morphemic c-o, takes place in order to spell out a feature which cannot be spelled out in the mainline derivation. Next, I explore a possibility that the wh-prefix in kto ‘who’, the same form in Russian and Polish, merges with a syntactically different stem than the one present in the lexical items for ‘what’, a scenario more transparently visible on the example of English wh-at and wh-o. |
191145660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-14T14:20:47.981Z | 2019-05-28T00:00:00.000Z | Process Safety Considerations for the Supply of a High-Energy Oxadiazole IDO1-Selective Inhibitor
The development of a stereospecific synthesis of a IDO1-selective inhibitor is described. The synthetic strategy toward enabling early discovery efforts along with additional findings pertaining to process safety that limited scalability are outlined. A convergent approach that supported the synthesis of material suitable for early preclinical and/or good laboratory practice toxicology studies and avoided the formation of key high-energy intermediates is summarized. |
231921110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-02-15T14:11:21.423Z | 2020-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | An Autonomous Parking Space Planning System Based on Pattern Searching Algorithm
In the field of static traffic, parking space planning and moving line planning are currently carried out manually over a period of more than one week, which is inefficient and cannot be optimized automatically. Therefore, this paper proposes and implements an autonomous parking space planning system based on pattern searching algorithm, which is divided into four modules: image preprocessing module, parking area segmentation module, parking space planning module, and image post-processing module. We use the system proposed in this paper to test the simulated parking lots of the same area. The result is that the parking space plot ratio can reach 48.68%. We also optimize an existing actual parking lot. The number of parking spaces in the optimized parking lot has increased by 20% compared with the original parking lot. |