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Kublai | Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric? |
the Yongle Emperor | Who showed a great amount of respect to Deshin Shekpa? |
Linggu Temple | At what temple did the ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents take place? |
Nanjing | Where was the Linggu Temple located? |
Great Treasure Prince of Dharma | What title was Deshin Shekpa given at Nanjing? |
religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects | Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to give the title to? |
the Mongols | Who imposed on the military might on Tibet in the past? |
religious purposes | Hok-Lam Chan states that Deshin Skekpa was only invited for what purpose? |
to send a military force into Tibet | What was said to be the Yongle Emperor plans? |
to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools | Why was the Yongle Emperor said to have been planning to send military forces into Tibet? |
Deshin Shekpa | Who convinced the Yongle emperor not to send military forces into Tibet? |
Jianwen Emperor | Who did the Yongle Emperor have a conflict with? |
Deshin Shekpa | Who aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule? |
Deshin Shekpa's miracles | What served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor's succession to the throne? |
Chinese Communist historians | According to Norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship? |
Buddhist artifacts | What were the items of tribute? |
Josef Kolmaš | Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet? |
1435–1449 | What years did the Zhengtong Emperor reign? |
The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC | Who maintains an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor? |
the Karmapa | Who was the edict addressed to? |
Great Treasure Prince of Dharma | Who had a message delivered to them by Zhengtong? |
after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court | When was the edict written? |
the Karmapa hierarchs | Who did the Ming cut off all relations with? |
1446 | What year did the Ming cut off the Karmapa hierarchs? |
1415 | When did Deshin Shekpa die? |
the Karmapa | Who did the Ming court think the representatives were sent by? |
to facilitate trade with Tibet | Why did Yongle order the construction? |
tea, horses, and salt | What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet? |
through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan | where did the trade route pass through? |
to secure urgently needed horses | Why does Van Praag believe the Ming court set up a diplomatic delegation with Tibet? |
Silk workshops | What shops were catered to the Tibetan market? |
Tibetan Buddhist | What visual images and symbols were on furnishings from the silk workshops? |
the Ming | who were the Tibetan areas were ruled by? |
a mandatory "corvée" tax | Wang and Nyima believed horses were collected from Tibet as what kind of tax? |
Tibet | Who did the Ming trade horses with? |
Altan Khan | Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols? |
the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony | Who did Altan Khan overthrow? |
the Ming dynasty | Who did Altan Khan make peace with? |
Altan Khan | Who convinced the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573? |
the 14th century | When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force in Tibet? |
November 1378 | When was the Marquis Mu Ying commissioned to quell? |
30,000 | How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture? |
200,000 | How many animals did Mu Ying capture? |
Ming general Qu Neng | Who was ordered to force a Tibetan assault into Sichuan? |
recovery of the Ordos region | What did the mid Ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on? |
the Mongols | Who used the the Ordos region as a place to stage raids? |
Ming China | Where were the Mongols trying to raise? |
to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes | Why did P. Christiaan Klieger believe that the Ming court supported high Tibetan lamas? |
divide-and-rule | What policy does Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi claim the Ming held towards the Tibet? |
after the Sakya regime had fallen | When did the Ming hold the divide and rule policy? |
fifth Karmapa | Who did Yongle Emperor fail to build a solid relationship with? |
many different Tibetan lamas | Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to? |
the Phagmodrupa | Who were the Rinpungpa leaders related to? |
1498 | When did the the prince of Rinbung occupy Lhasa? |
New Years ceremonies and prayers | What was the most important event to the Gelug? |
1518 | When was Gelug was given the right to conduct the New Years prayer? |
1505–1521 | When did the Zhengde Emperor rule? |
the company of lamas | Who's company did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy? |
Mikyö Dorje | Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama? |
Chinese writers of the early 20th century | Who said Tibet wasn't an integral part of of China? |
China's intervening Ming dynasty | What does Sperling claim did not have any control over Tibet? |
the 13th century | Since what century has Sperling described Ming and Tibet's relation being problematic for China? |
the 18th century | When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion? |
the Qing dynasty | During Which dynasty does Josef Kolmaš claim Tibet was considered an organic part of China? |
the Chinese central government | Josef Kolmaš states that Tibet became subject to what government? |
the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans | Who does P. Christiaan Klieger claim to have had a mutual role of religious prelate? |
the Republic of China and its Communist successors | Who does P. Christiaan Klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries? |
the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco | Where does P. Christiaan Klieger work? |
the Mongols | Who was the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by? |
patron and priest relationship | The Sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the Tibetans and Mongol converts? |
the 13th century | When was Tibet included into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China? |
the Ming dynasty | Who was said to have gained the right to rule Tibet? |
1981 | When was China Daily started? |
the Ming | Who does the article claim had two itinerant high commands over Tibet? |
the central government of China | According to article Tibet has remained under what jurisdiction? |
1521–1567 | When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? |
the native Chinese ideology of Daoism | What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court? |
the Tibetan lamas | Who stopped their trips to Ming China? |
Yang Tinghe | Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing? |
Yang Tinghe | Who broke the eunuch influence at court? |
Jiajing | Who was Zhengde's successor? |
Neo-Confucian establishment | What establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of? |
the Portuguese embassy | Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject? |
Tibetan Buddhism and lamas | Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards? |
Jiajing | Evelyn S. Rawski claims that Ming's relationship with Tibetan prelates ended during who's reign? |
the Kokonor region | What region did the Tumed Mongols move into? |
the Ming Chinese frontier | Which frontier did the Tumed Mongols raid? |
the Ming | The presence of the Altan Khan in the west reduced whos influence? |
1571 | When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty? |
the third hierarch of the Gelug—Sönam Gyatso | Who did Altan Khan invite to meet him in Amdo? |
the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice | What practice did Altan Khan put to an end? |
the Mongol princes and subjects | Who did Altan Khan persuade to convert to Gelug Buddhism? |
execution | What did Altan Khan threaten the Mongol princes and subjects with if they did not convert? |
the Dalai Lama | Who did the Mongol princes ask to grant them titles? |
Committed to their religious leader | Why did the Mongol princes ask for titles? |
Tümen Khan | Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior? |
the great-grandson of Altan Khan | To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama? |
the 5th Dalai Lama | Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet? |
In 1642 | When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet? |
Sonam Gyatso | Who was given the grandiose title? |