Datasets:

skymizer

/

fineweb-edu-dedup-45B

like 1

Follow

skymizer 11

ACTIVITY 1: VIDEO - FISCAL POLICY KEY TERMS REMINDER. In this video, we'll work through a simple game to remind you of some of the key terms associated with fiscal policy. You will need to feel confident with these key terms ahead of moving through the rest of this online lesson. Fiscal policy has a clear effect upon output. But there is a secondary, less readily apparent fiscal policy effect on the interest rate. Basically, expansionary fiscal policy pushes interest rates up, while contractionary fiscal policy pulls interest rates down. The rationale behind this relationship is fairly straightforward. When output.Economics Cafe provides economics model essays which are not confined to use by students taking economics tuition at the learning centre. They have been written by the Principal Economics Tutor, Mr. Edmund Quek, for everyone who can benefit from them.As the essays were written with the examination time constraint in mind, every essay has room for improvement in the absence of time constraint.Types of fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is the deliberate adjustment of government spending, borrowing or taxation to help achieve desirable economic objectives. It works by changing the level or composition of aggregate demand (AD). There are two types of fiscal policy, discretionary and automatic. A-level: Content for Paper 1. Paper 1 looks at microeconomics. There are limited changes to the current AQA A-level Economics specification. Individual economic decision making is one new area. Much of the content is identical to the current AQA A-level Economics specification, but has been clarified and modernised. Slide 12. I'm an international student in India, teaching myself the CIE a level French curriculum. CIE has no recommended textbook designed specifically for the a level in French, and the a level is linear, not modular. How do you suggest I go about teaching myself. The literature is fairly manageable, but paper 2 (reading) is KILLING me. Economics Curriculum Intent GCSE and A Level Economics is a subject which will be new to most students who take it. It introduces our students to some new ways of looking at the world and some new techniques of analysing what you see. The task of an economist is then to use this. It is important to note that fiscal policies are often used alongside monetary policies, as fiscal policies should not be predominantly used to control prices as this is the role of monetary policy. However, it is important to note that the long-run impact of a fiscal policy all depends on the sectors of the economy that the policy has targeted. Essay Fiscal Policy And Monetary Policy. how it will work. There are different ways of handling these issues. Fiscal policy and monetary policy are to solutions figuring out which one is the answer is always a challenge due to all of the different views and theories on economics. Economics A Level- Okehampton College What can the course lead to in terms of higher education and future careers? Why is economics a useful subject to study? Economics develops a range of generic skills such as research, data handling, applying theoretical concepts to real life scenarios, essay writing and problem solving. The subject. A Level and AS Level Economics revision notes, worksheets, data response questions, past year papers, crosswords, mindmaps and tons for resources for teachers and students. Economics Course: AS and A2. Subject Overview Economics is perhaps one of the most relevant subjects offered at A-level. It aims to help students understand how the UK economy in particular works and how global economic issues affect the United Kingdom and its people. The two policies the government can employ to influence economic growth and inflation are MONETARY and FISCAL policy. Monetary policy: Change the interest rate and affecting the supply of money (e.g. through quantitative easing). To increase spending in the economy and encourage economic growth, the government may lower interest rates and. The relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy depends upon the shape of the IS and LM curves and the economy’s initial position. If the economy is in the Keynesian range, monetary policy is ineffective and fiscal policy is highly effective. On the other hand, in the classical range, monetary policy is effective and fiscal policy is. EzyEconomics is an A Level Economics teacher support platform. It provides a wealth of video and assessment resources, covering the AQA, Edexcel and OCR exam board syllabuses. It is also suitable and used by IB and WJEC schools. Demand-side policies - fiscal policy Fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is the use of government expenditure and taxation to manage the economy. It can be used in various different ways. It may be used to try to boost the level of economic activity if there is a shortage of demand (a deflationary gap). In this case, it is called reflationary policy. In this lesson summary review and remind yourself of the key terms, calculations, and graphs related to fiscal policy. Topics include how taxes and spending can be used to close an output gap, how to model the effect of a change in taxes or spending using the AD-AS model, and how to calculate the amount of spending or tax change needed to close an output gap. Economics is the study of choice, investigating the choices of consumers and corporations, groups and governments, networks and nations. It plays a part in every aspect of modern life, using scientific methods to develop theoretical models of behaviour and testing intuition with empirical analysis of markets, institutions and public policy.

<urn:uuid:20575bd0-5bf2-42cb-a270-d0bfad6010a2>

The Milky Way is the most precious daughter; The Earth is the only world with fresh breath. The world is a universal entity that has similar owners for every molecule. These tiny molecules create a vast environment filled with fantasies and miracles. The atmosphere is a precious surrounding that includes a green background and all human-made things: mental, psychological, physical, and genetic well-being depends on both exogenic and endogenic stimuli, which can be identified as health. However, every year, we as humans on Earth celebrate World Environmental Health Day on the 26th of September, since 2011, under a specific theme that matches the year’s most recognized health and environmental problem. The International Federation of Environmental Health (IFEH) has been the guardian of this day since 2011, highlighting the importance of caring for environmental health. Each year, the IFEH stands for a unique theme. The last time, it was ‘Strengthening Environmental Health Systems for the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)’. Where as, this year, the theme of “Global environmental public health: standing up to protect everyone’s health each and every day”. These themes are always set with the ultimate goal of meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in mind. In today’s interconnected world, a remarkable tapestry is woven, where our well-being and the environment are inseparable threads. Imagine a world where environmental health experts safeguard our well-being. They monitor air quality, yet shockingly, 91% of the world breathes polluted air, causing 4.2 million premature deaths annually. Access to clean water, a fundamental right, is still denied to 2.2 billion people, resulting in 1.6 million waterborne deaths, mainly children. Experts also protect our food supply, yet 48 million Americans fall ill yearly due to food-borne diseases. Strategies against diseases transmitted by vectors like mosquitoes have reduced malaria deaths by 409,000 in 2019. Environmental public health teams prepare for natural disasters; their number has surged from 78 in 1970 to 394 in 2019, demanding swift action to save lives. However, the greatest challenge is climate change, a looming public health crisis. With global temperatures rising, it brings diverse health impacts like heat-related illnesses and increased vector-borne diseases. The urgency to act is undeniable. Environmental justice is an essential aspect of this tapestry. Marginalized communities often bear the brunt of pollution and lack access to green spaces, exemplified by the Flint water crisis. So, how can we tackle the challenge of “Standing Up to Protect Everyone’s Health Each and Every Day” in global environmental health? Several vital strategies emerge. Comprehensive education and awareness campaigns are essential to highlight the impact of environmental factors on public health. Policy advocacy is crucial for regulations prioritizing clean air, water, food safety, and climate change mitigation. Engaging communities fosters responsibility, while innovative technology enhances environmental health monitoring. Climate resilience strategies and addressing health inequities ensure a healthier environment for all. International collaboration and research are vital, as ecological health issues transcend borders. One innovative solution is the creation of a “Green Health Ambassador” program. Empowering individuals from diverse backgrounds as advocates for environmental sustainability and public health can inspire eco-friendly actions, fostering a grassroots movement. In conclusion, global environmental health is a beacon of hope and resilience. We’ve explored multifaceted strategies to protect both our health and the planet. The relentless efforts of environmental health professionals send a powerful message: we can craft a healthier, more equitable world. It’s a challenge that calls us all to action, where the path may be challenging, but we find boundless potential for positive change. “The only way forward, if we are going to improve the quality of the environment, is to get everybody involved.” – Richard Rogers- Together, let’s fortify the bridge between environmental well-being and human health, protecting the essence of life itself each and every day. Written by: Methmi Chandrasiri

<urn:uuid:b8a186e2-6e50-4d65-a1fb-ac42bcee4a63>

Pronunciation of English /r/ |History and description of| |Development of vowels| |Development of consonants| Depending on dialect, /r/ has at least the following allophones in varieties of English around the world: - postalveolar approximant [ɹ̠] (the most common realization of the /r/ phoneme, occurring in most dialects, Received Pronunciation and General American included) - retroflex approximant [ɻ] (occurs in most Irish dialects and some American dialects) - labiodental approximant [ʋ] (occurs in south-east England and some London accents; see § R-labialization below) - alveolar flap [ɾ] (occurs in most Scottish and some South African dialects, some conservative dialects in England and Ireland; not to be confused with flapping of /t/ and /d/) - alveolar trill [r] (occurs in some very conservative Scottish dialects) - voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] (occurs in northern Northumbria, largely disappeared; known as the Northumbrian burr) In most dialects /r/ is labialized [ɹ̠ʷ] in many positions, as in reed [ɹʷiːd] and tree [tɹ̥ʷiː]; in the latter case, the /t/ may be slightly labialized as well. In General American, it is labialized at the beginning of a word but not at the end. There are two primary articulations of the approximant /r/: apical (with the tip of the tongue approaching the alveolar ridge or even curled back slightly) and domal (with a centralized bunching of the tongue known as "molar r" or sometimes "bunched r" or "braced r"). Peter Ladefoged wrote: "Many BBC English speakers have the tip of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth in the general location of the alveolar ridge, but many American English speakers simply bunch the body of the tongue up so that it is hard to say where the articulation is". The distinction is transcribed ⟨ɹ̺⟩ vs ⟨ɹ̈⟩ in the extensions to the IPA but has little or no acoustic or auditory consequence, and may vary idiosyncratically between individuals. In non-rhotic accents, such as Received Pronunciation and Australian English, /r/ is subject to the phonotactic constraint that it can only appear before a vowel. In some rhotic accents, such as General American, /r/ when not followed by a vowel is realized as an r-coloring of the preceding vowel or its coda: nurse [nɝs], butter [ˈbʌtɚ]. R-labialization, not to be confused with the rounding of initial /r/ described above, is a process occurring in certain dialects of English, particularly some varieties of Cockney, in which the /r/ phoneme is realized as a labiodental approximant [ʋ] in contrast to an alveolar approximant [ɹ]. To English speakers who are not used to [ʋ], this sounds nearly indistinguishable from /w/. Use of labiodental /r/ is commonly stigmatized by prescriptivists. Regardless, the consonant [ʋ] is used in a variety of other languages and is increasing in many accents of British English. Most speakers doing so are from the southeastern part of the country, particularly in London. It is also occasionally heard in some speakers of Boston accent though more often in an exaggerated parody of these dialects. R-labialization leads to pronunciations such as the following: - red - [ʋɛd] - ring - [ʋɪŋ] - rabbit - [ˈʋæbɪt] - merry Christmas - [mɛʋi ˈkʋɪsmɪs] However, replacement of /r/ by some kind of labial approximant may also occur as symptom of a speech defect, called rhotacism or, more precisely, derhotacization. - Ladefoged, Peter (2001). Vowels and Consonants (4th ed.). Blackwell. p. 103. - Ladefoged, Peter (2001). A Course in Phonetics. Harcourt College Publishers. p. 55. - Laver, John (1994). Principles of Phonetics. Cambridge. p. 300. - Foulkes, Paul, and Gerard J. Docherty. (eds.) (1999). Urban Voices. Arnold - Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul; Bardsley, Dianne; Kennedy, Marianna; Major, George (2007), "New Zealand English", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 100, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002830

<urn:uuid:2624f0a8-e755-40c0-9a58-d494c0828fd2>

Given the circumstances of today, we are more cautious of sanitation. We are encouraged to follow health protocols and practice social distancing. Most adults got the hang of it right away. However, there are still a few who has not fully embraced it just yet. If adults are having trouble, imagine teaching kids in kindergarten in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The good thing is, when it comes to children, you just need to make it more fun. Kids attending preschool in New Jersey play with other kids and are exposed to various germs, bacteria, and viruses. So, the earlier we teach the kids good hygiene and sanitary practices, the easier it will be for them. So how do we do this exactly? - Tell them stories – Children respond well when you talk to them in a language they understand. They like stories with animals and fairytale characters, so we use it to show them how important it is to wash their hands, brush their teeth, and cover their mouth when they sneeze. - Sing songs – Music is known to enhance information retention, and this applies to kids too. Find songs about washing their hands. This way, they will retain the process better and carry it with them onto adulthood. - Reward a good job – Kids like being acknowledged. The more you give them stars, the more they would want to do the good deed. The methods discussed above become more effective when their educators apply them as well. It is exactly what we do at The Green House Preschool and Kindergarten, Inc. We are a premier child care center in Ridgefield, New Jersey. You can trust us to put use the best teaching methodologies and provide premium care for your kids.

<urn:uuid:7893424f-417a-4f59-9ec6-f898a55f1170>

In this quiz, we will be discussing citizenship rights and responsibilities. More emphasis will be laid on the rights of human beings, some basic concepts about the law, our responsibilities as citizens of a country among others. To be a good citizen means we should know and have an understanding of citizenship. Citizenship can be defined as the relationship between an individual and a state. In this state, the individual owes allegiance, and in return, receives protection. A citizen of a country has some rights and responsibilities (also known as duties). Some of the rights are The right to live, political rights, freedom of expression, and many others. Also, some of the duties are the obligation to respect, uphold, and defend the state’s sovereignty, the duty to cooperate with the state to protect and conserve the environment, etc. Being a citizen means one should have basic knowledge of citizenship. For this reason, this quiz has that treated well. Also, there are other citizenship quizzes available on this platform. All you need to do is take the quiz. On which day is 'International Human Rights Day' celebrated every year? Which of these is acting responsibly? Which of these is acting irresponsibly? When a law is passed to protect a human right, what does it become? Which charity played a key role in getting The Animal Welfare Act passed in 2006? What is the name of the national disability charity that focuses on people with cerebral palsy? Which of these is NOT a legal right? What does UDHR stand for? What is the name of a formal agreement between country leaders, politicians, and states concerning war crimes? Many people with disabilities are still unaware of their rights. Which of these is a good way to raise awareness? Which fundamental right is concerned with abolition of social distinctions? Right to information is? Which of the following is correct with respect to "Right against expolitation" ? Child labour by 17 year olds The death penalty:

<urn:uuid:70d6b8fc-a5c8-4c67-bcd2-63623b3371dd>

I am reading many online references, but I cannot understand where the concept enthalpy comes from and what it represents. The Spanish Wikipedia article states it is the Legendre transformation of internal energy. The English Wikipedia article says it is internal energy plus pV. I remember a teacher talking about how it was just defined, because the internal energy + pV product was found in many chemical reactions, and someone decided to just give it a name, so it would simplify calculations. I understand it is something that makes sense, being it a state function. Also, I can see a utility in it, since it will be equal to a heat transfer during a constant pressure process. And that helps the calculations. Also, it is stated (in different sources, including the English Wikipedia article for enthalpy) that the internal energy term can be interpreted as the energy required to “create” the system, and the pV term as the work that would be required to “make room” for the system. My two questions about enthalpy are: - How was it defined? As the Legendre transformation of U, or directly as U + pV? They may happen to be the same mathematical thing, but... what is the real origin (chemistry, thermodynamics, ... how and why)? - If it somehow represents the energy to “create” a system (what does that mean: put a bunch of separated atoms together by giving them some linking energy?) and the work required to “make room” for that system (what does that mean: it's not the same to put a system into an iron block than putting it into an air block, it would require a different amount of work to push those different things away. And for the void/emptiness... well, would that take energy at all, if it is already void?)

<urn:uuid:0f580af1-351c-4950-8ec5-edae11dee3cd>

New Earth-observing spacecraft that will continue 50 years of monitoring the changing state of our planet beams home its first images since launching two months ago - Landsat 9 launched from the Vandenberg Space Force base in California on Monday, September 27 - It is the ninth in the Landsat satellite program, with the first Earth-observer launching for space in 1972 - This 50-year record of observing the Earth has helped track climate change, monitor crops and aid irrigation - The latest satellite will operate with Landsat 8 to image the Earth, taking thousands of images every eight day The latest Landsat spacecraft has sent its first images of our changing world back to Earth since it launched to space two months ago. The Landsat 9 spacecraft, run by NASA and the US Geological Survey (USGS), launched on September 27 from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. The first images to be released were taken on October 31 and show the Florida Panhandle, Detroit and its surrounding areas, as well as Navajo Country in Arizona. The US space agency also released images of the high Himalayas and the Kimberley region of Western Australia as part of this first round of pictures from space. This is the ninth Landsat satellite, continuing a program which started in 1972, and will work alongside Landsat 8 to image the entire planet every eight days. NASA and the USGS have released the first set of pictures from the Landsat 9 satellite since it launched in September. The city of Kathmandu, Nepal, seen at the bottom left of this Landsat 9 image, lies in a valley south of the Himalayan Mountains between Nepal and China. Glaciers, and the lakes formed by glacial meltwater, are visible in the top middle of this image The satellite will become fully operational in January, taking thousands of images every week of the entire planet. The white sands of Pensacola Beach stand out in this Landsat 9 image of the Florida Panhandle of the United States, with Panama City visible under some popcorn-like clouds In the Western US, in places like the Navajo Nation as seen in this Landsat 9 image, Landsat and other satellite data help people monitor drought conditions and manage irrigation water The Landsat 9 spacecraft, run by NASA and the US Geological Survey (USGS), launched on September 27 from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California Landsat 9 is the latest satellite in the Landsat series. It will continue the decades long mission of recording Earth’s land surface and changing climate. To reduce the build time and a risk of a gap in observations, Landsat 9 largely replicates its predecessor Landsat 8. Landsat 9 will extend our ability to measure changes on the global land surface at a scale. This is ‘where we can separate human and natural causes of change,’ said USGS in a statement. ‘Landsat 9 will thus contribute a critical component to the international strategy for monitoring the health and state of the Earth. ‘Landsat users can now take advantage of more frequent observations (every 8 days using two satellites).’ Applications such as weekly tropical deforestation alerts, water quality monitoring, and crop condition reports are now feasible. The newly-acquired images provide a ‘preview of how the mission will help people manage vital natural resources and understand the impacts of climate change,’ according to NASA. They add to the existing 50-year data record, and Landsat 9 will work alongside Landsat 8, which launched in 2013, to get broad coverage of the whole planet. ‘Landsat 9’s first images capture critical observations about our changing planet,’ said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. ‘This program has the proven power to not only improve lives but also save lives. ‘NASA will continue to work with USGS to strengthen and improve accessibility to Landsat data so decision makers in America – and around the world – better understand the devastation of the climate crisis,’ he added. Explaining it will allow leader and experts to ‘manage agricultural practices, preserve precious resources and respond more effectively to natural disasters.’ These first light images show a wide range of environments. From Detroit, Michigan, with neighbouring Lake St Clair, to the intersection of cities and beaches along a changing Florida coastline, and images from Navajo Country in Arizona. They will add to the wealth of data helping USGS and other experts monitor crop health and manage irrigation water. The new images also provided data about the changing landscapes of the Himalayas in High Mountain Asia and the coastal islands and shorelines of Northern Australia. Landsat 9 is similar in design to its predecessor, Landsat 8, which was launched in 2013 and remains in orbit, but features several improvements. The new satellite transmits data with higher resolution back down to Earth, allowing it to detect more subtle differences, especially over darker areas like water. For example, Landsat 9 can differentiate more than 16,000 shades of a given wavelength colour; Landsat 7, the satellite being replaced, detects only 256 shades. This increased sensitivity will allow Landsat users to see much more subtle changes than ever before. ‘First light is a big milestone for Landsat users – it’s the first chance to really see the kind of quality that Landsat 9 provides. And they look fantastic,’ said Jeff Masek NASA’s Landsat 9 project scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center. ‘When we have Landsat 9 operating in coordination with Landsat 8, it’s going to be this wealth of data, allowing us to monitor changes to our home planet every eight days.’ Landsat 9 includes two image capture instruments that help picture the Earth. One is the Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2), which detects visible, near-infrared and shortwave-infrared light in nine wavelengths. The other is the Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2), which detects thermal radiation in two wavelengths to measure Earth’s surface temperatures and its changes. Landsat 9 carries two instruments designed to work together to capture a broad range of wavelengths These instruments will provide Landsat 9 users with essential information about crop health, irrigation use, water quality, wildfire severity, deforestation, glacial retreat, and urban expansion, according to NASA. ‘The data and images from Landsat 9 are expanding our capability to see how Earth has changed over decades’, said Karen St. Germain, Earth Science Division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington. ‘In a changing climate, continuous and free access to Landsat data, and the other data in NASA’s Earth observing fleet, helps data users, including city planners, farmers and scientists, plan for the future.’ Before it starts full operations in January, the Landsat 9 team will conduct a 100-day check-out period to test all systems, subsystems and calibrate sensors. Once testing is complete, USGS will operate Landsat 9 along with Landsat 8, and together the two satellites will collect approximately 1,500 images of Earth’s surface every day, covering the globe every eight days. ‘The incredible first pictures from the Landsat 9 satellite are a glimpse into the data that will help us make science-based decisions on key issues including water use, wildfire impacts, coral reef degradation, glacier and ice-shelf retreat and tropical deforestation,’ said USGS acting director Dr David Applegate. Source: Read Full Article

<urn:uuid:9f45a45c-fc2b-4835-91d3-328fa4d90aff>

Hunger and malnutrition: the tragedies of our time The tragedies of our days Eighty percent of malnourished children live in developing nations, in areas of war or conflict, countries that are mainly in Africa, South America and South Asia. The UN agencies’ annual report notes that key factors in the increase in food insecurity include climate fluctuations affecting rainfall patterns and agricultural seasons, extreme weather events such as droughts and floods, along with armed conflicts and economic crises. Hunger and malnutrition affect children as early as within the first two years of life with devastating consequences. It is therefore important to pay attention to those who are most vulnerable, infants, children under five, school children, adolescent girls and women, and to be aware of the harmful consequences caused by poor access to food. Africa and Asia are home to respectively the 39% and 55% of all children affected by problems related to lack of a balanced diet. Appropriate interventions would not only bring benefits in terms of health, but also in terms of development, economy and not least schooling. In poor countries, one in 6 infants weighs less than 2.5 kg at birth. As age increases, more and more individuals fall into this abnormal condition: the percentage of underweight children with acute malnutrition stands at one in 4 in the 0-5 age group. In addition, medical studies have shown that being underweight has a 9 times higher risk of dying prematurely than those with normal development through healthy eating. A tragedy that needs to be addressed starting with future mothers because maternal malnutrition poses a danger to both mother and children: the legacy of hunger, which a malnourished mother transfers to her children, is one of the greatest constraints on child and societal development. Malnutrition weakens immune defenses and increases the risk of falling ill with rickets, dementia, pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, AIDS and measles-diseases that are responsible, according to WHO, for half of all deaths of children under five. It is critical to clarify that malnutrition and hunger are not the same thing: malnutrition is a complex condition that to be addressed requires interventions that must go beyond food aid. While the typical response to hunger is aid that contributes to a person’s daily caloric intake, malnutrition is not simply a condition of food deprivation, but rather a general deficiency of food, nutrients, and micronutrients that can cause serious physical and mental problems, particularly in children under 5 years of age, up to and including death. Therefore, in addition to greater attention to the most vulnerable, there needs to be a sustainable shift toward nutritionally sensitive agriculture and food chains that can ensure safe, quality food for all. In addition, it is clear that efforts are needed to build pathways to environmental resilience through policies that promote climate change adaptation and disaster reduction. With this in mind, we have developed our agricultural projects: good agricultural practices ensure environmental sustainability, food security and a fair distribution of the products grown. We are also certain that know-how built on “development that can ensure that the needs of the present generation are met without compromising the ability of future generations to realize their own” contributes to the cultural process needed to strengthen the self-determination of the people, an important first step toward freedom in the socio-economic choices of one’s country. The right to food can only be guaranteed if every inividual has access to productive resources (particularly land, water, seeds, but also fisheries and forests), jobs, and social protection schemes that protect the most vulnerable, particularly women and indigenous peoples.

<urn:uuid:45073a05-33a3-40ae-b604-4bfc318c2006>

Simple essay conclusion Writing conclusions to argumentative essays but the conclusion is the last part of the essay that the three parts of a conclusion a simple introduction to. Essay conclusion: definition, how to write, example of essay writing conclusion. Learn about essay outline format and essay outline structure the conclusion is just a summary of the essay, and confirmation of what was said in the introduction. Essay writing tips make literature review on art for cheap need someone to type my essay on sociology as soon as possible simple essay writing tips leeds larne. All countries have their own culture sometimes they differ alot from your own, sometimes you can hardly notice them on this site i looked at cultural differences. If you follow a few simple steps, you will find that the essay almost these simple steps will guide you through the essay writing write the conclusion. How can i write my essay easily the conclusion should not be a simple statement it should be a relevant comment that provokes thinking and further research. In conclusion, this essay explored the effect of the internet on people's lives in the last decade and found that the advantages of the internet far overshadow the. How to write an english essay reading your essay aloud can help you to catch simple errors that you might not have noticed and conclusion of your essay. The conclusion of the essay the function of the essay's conclusion is to restate the main argument it reminds the reader of the strengths of the argument: that is. Essays - largest database of quality sample essays and research papers on conclusion of culture. Here are some examples of conclusions a good conclusion will: rephrase the question summarize the main ideas give your opinion, if you haven’t given it already. Conclusion for resolving the increasing stress on the environment and resources, and also responding to the ever-increasing demands of the citizens for. Conclusion finish sample links use this sample basic essay as a model the essay below demonstrates the principles of writing a basic essay. State a general conclusion you may entirety of your essay this essay structure example can help you create a narrative essay simple essay structure. This page explains how to format an essay and a sample of the structure of an essay for a college or high school essay format example in conclusion. Database of free nursing essays care delivery this essay will explore the effectiveness of the care delivered to one of the author conclusion , implications. How to write the conclusion of an essay updated on the true purpose of an essay conclusion and how to and decisions and life of this simple. Handout: how to write an opinion essay the basic five-paragraph essay structure that's how you write an essay in the conclusion, tell them what you told them. A conclusion is the last part of something, its end or result when you write a paper, you always end by summing up your arguments and drawing a conclusion about what. 24 introduction and conclusion every essay or paper designed to be persuasive needs a paragraph at the very outset introducing both the subject at. This packet discusses the essay paper writing: introduction, body and conclusion + paper writing: introduction, body and conclusion rating: (103. Alternatively however especially other essay hand conclusion but although example particularly article how to write a simple argumentative essay. Racism today essay - racism is one of the world’s major issues today many people are not aware of how much racism still exists in our schools in conclusion. In this section, you will know how to write a conclusion for a science project and find a sample of a conclusion for a science project. The conclusion of an essay has three major parts: the answer, the summary, and the significance no new information that is relevant to the focus of the essay should.

<urn:uuid:287bcdb8-61c2-4023-a50e-adb6a1dab052>

To check the lifetime of CEMs, for different thermal conditions also, we have made a dedicated experimental setup. We irradiated several CEM samples by a strong electron flux, continuously measuring the CEM gain and keeping 80°C on the sample. The final total number of events, detected by each CEM was equivalent to 20 years of the continuous operation in space. The experiment has shown the excellent lifetime properties of the CEMs, chosen for the missions The conventional photomultiplier tubes, invented in the 1930, employed a photocathode to convert the detected photon to a photoelectron, and a discrete dynode electron multiplier to amplify the charge of the single initial photoelectron to the level that can be recorded by commercial electron circuits. But such detector is not optimal for the space application because it cannot be exposed to the air, thus it cannot be used in an “open configuration” and cannot be used for vacuum UV measurements. The concept of a continuous-dynode electron multiplier has been proposed by Farnsword , but in the real working device has been created on 1960s, with the development of high surface resistance glass ,. From this epoch up to our days the single Channel Electron Multiplier (CEM) is used for Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy, and also for charged particles (electrons and ions) spectrometry. Despite strong competition from the multichannel plates (MCP), we still use CEMs for space applications especially for the plasma instrument where we need a very long lifetime and very high count rate per channel. Note that plasma spectrometers usually do not need a very high spatial resolution of the detector. The production of high-resistance surface on lead glasses led to the independent development of the continuous channel electron multiplier in Soviet Union by Oschepkov and in USA by Goodrich . The mode-of-operation of CEM is shown in Figure 1. The multiplier is operating under vacuum with a high voltage established along the channel. An energetic photon (> 5eV) or charged particle striking the wall of the channel releases an electron that is accelerated along the channel axis, until it strikes the wall with sufficient energy to release again secondary electrons. This process is repeated many times, and, finally, produces an output pulse of charge containing up to 108 electrons. The number of electrons (or the detector gain) producing by a CEM increases with increasing of the high voltage applied to the channel, but saturates and does not grow anymore from some voltage level. This is because the electron cloud charge stops new secondary electrons acceleration and, as the result, stops electrons multiplication. The ion produced by electron impact ionization of the residual gas can cause a strong noise generation. The new ion is accelerated back to the CEM entrance, create a new secondary electron there and triggers new avalanche of electron multiplication. This “ion feedback” can be prevented by curving the channel (see subsection 1.2). CEMs for Solar Orbiter plasma packages The ESA mission Solar Orbiter contains a Solar Wind Analyzer (SWA) package as an important part of the in situ measurements of the solar wind plasma flow. One of the instruments of SWA plasma package is the ion spectrometer PAS which has to provide up to 20 3D ion distribution functions per second. From the measurement point of view, to get 3D ion distribution function, we have to record the ion flux spectrum in the <energy, elevation, azimuth> space. The electrostatic ion optics provides the energy and elevation binning, and the ion detector provides the resolution in the azimuthal dimension. The ion detector will resolve 11 bins of 6° each. The main problem is that each bin of such detector shall record up to 107 events per second to fulfill the required dynamic range of the instrument which has to operate at the Earth orbit as well as at 0.28au distance to Sun. We found that only ceramic CEMs produced by “Dr. Sjuts Optotechnik GmbH” can fulfill such heavy requirements. Figure 2 shows the PAS ceramic detector schematics and the CEMs installed in the PAS prototype. There are eleven CEMs inside PAS covering 66° of the azimuthal range and providing 6° of azimuthal resolution. Such ceramic CEMs can be easily adapted to fit any configuration, integrated to an array and/or modified to get another entrance geometry. Requirements for CEM Lifetime Solar Orbiter nominal mission duration is about 7 years. Taking into account possible several extensions of the mission, we have to ensure at least 15 years of PAS lifetime. It is well known , that CEMs as well as MCPs degrade with the accumulated event count. I.e. the CEM gain is going down as a function of the total output charge. We explain such gain degradation by a physical mechanism in which the surface ionization process results in removal of the electron source through reaction with a finite resident population of poisoning species. One of the advantage of CEMs is that their lifetime is long, much longer than the lifetime of MCPs. Estimations show that to survive during 15 years, the CEM installed in PAS has to get 5 C of output charge without significant degradation of the characteristic gain. Since the maximal output charge very depends on the CEM type and CEM manufacturer, the specific CEM type and even specific CEM badge shall be checked for the lifetime. Every 6 months Solar Orbiter will approach to Sun down to 0.28au. During several weeks of closest approach the CEMs temperature will reach 70°C. These circumstances make us to formulate another important requirement: “The lifetime of CEM shall be verified for the temperature up to 80°C. LIFETIME EXPEREMENT SETUP AND PROCEDURE Experiment diagram is shown in Figure 3. We tested simultaneously three CEMs. Three independent HV sources with HV precise current measurement individually polarized CEMs. Three CEMs anodes were separated from the CEMs and integrated to the PCB containing also the HV circuits and filters. The CEM entrance is under zero voltage and the CEM exit is under the bias voltage. The anode is shifted for 100V relatively to the CEM exit to ensure the electrons collection. One electron gun, centered above the CEM setup, radiated the CEMs by electrons of 1keV energy. The electron flux was almost uniform over the CEMs entrance. We could regulate the electron flux with high precision varying the filament current. The CEM front-end electronics consists of Amptek A121 fast charge-sensitive amplifier. We use both digital and analog outputs of the amplifier. The digital outputs of three amplifiers are connected to the counter (3 channels in parallel) via LVDS interface and the analog outputs are connected to three multichannel analyzers (MCA). We heated the CEMs assembly by two heaters glued to the external CEMs. We used a standard temperature regulator to keep the CEM assembly under a constant temperature during the experiment. A computer-controlled system based on the VME bus rack and corresponding modules controlled the CEM HV bias, the gun filament current, and read the CEM count rates, CEM output pulse high distributions and CEM strip currents. A central computer collected all this information, calculated runtime the CEM gains and controlled the experiment without any operator intervention. The current in the CEM HV circuit consists of two parts: the strip current (the current that flows through the channel walls) and the current of electrons leaving the CEM and collected by the anode (anode current). The strip current depends on the CEM temperature, which depends on the total current. But if the free electrons current is much less than the strip current (< 10%), we can consider the strip current as independent on the electron current. The philosophy of the experiment is as follows: we load the CEM by a relatively high incident electron flux and periodically we measure the CEM gain, If the gain is out of some predefined narrow corridor, we change the CEM HV bias to put the gain into the corridor again. And we continue this process until the CEM bias is too high. Thus we have two modes of experiment activity: • The gain measurement. During this phase we reduce the incident electron flux to get the CEM anode current almost zero (unreadable). Then we use the feedback from the counter to tune the incident electron beam and to get the CEM count rate about 5×103 s-1. Then we perform the CEM pulse hight distribution accumulation and calculate the gain. If the cane is out of predefined corridor, we tune the CEM HV bias. • Charge accumulation. We use the feedback from the anode current measurement to tune the electron beam flux and to set the anode current about 10% of the strip current. The total accumulated charge is the integral of the anode current. Figure 4 shows the first test results performed under the ambient temperature. When total accumulated charge is less then 0.6C the HV increases quickly that is a fast CEM channel degradation. This is a signature of CEM “scrubbing” when the electron flow inside the channel removes absorbed contamination species like water etc. Usually such contamination created the additional secondary electron yield, and the specified gain may be reached with much less HV bias than the working bias. Then, when the CEM is “scrubbed”, the gain (and corresponding HV bias) is stabilized. We even slightly decreased the HV bias to keep the gain constant. The negative bursts of the HV bias show the cases when we, for some reasons, were opening the vacuum chamber. The CEM absorbed water at those moments and new scrubbing returned the HV bias to the previous level. The total accumulated charge in this experiment was 20C and the HV bias always was inside the reasonable limits. The first experiment with rather high CEM temperature is shown in Figure 5. Here we see the same type of profile of HV bias as a function of the total charge. The CEM scrubbing has been completed at the charge of 0.4C. We completed this experiment at 5.9C of total charge that corresponds to the double load of the nominal Solar Orbiter mission. All other experiments we performed up to 4C to save time. Figure 6 shows the summary plot for four temperatures from 65 to 80°C. We can see that for temperatures equal or less than 70°C the HV bias profile is stabilized or even decreasing. For the temperature above 70°C we see a slowly increasing HV profile that means a continuous degradation of the channel. But we cannot be sure if it is a real temperature effect of just a sample-to-sample variability. 1. Below 70°C the ceramic CEMs by “Dr. Sjuts Optotechnik” show stable gain at least up to 5C of total accumulated charge 2. There is some evidence that above 70°C the CEM is degrading slowly in the acceptable range. Even in this case the CEMs can keep up to 4C load and may be used for Solar Orbiter mission.

<urn:uuid:d6494cf7-e7c0-4835-b400-346d9cb995dc>

In a study from Michigan Medicine, scientists found a therapy from bananas may help fight the COVID-19 virus. On January 13, 2020, a paper touting the creation of a possible therapy that could be used to fight all known strains of the flu was published online. Interestingly, prior to the arrival of the covid virus that temporarily shut down their work, the team behind the influenza paper had also investigated the therapy of coronaviruses. In the current study, the team reported the efficacy of H84T-BanLec against all known human-infecting coronaviruses, including MERS, the original SARS, and SARS-CoV2, including the omicron variant. H84T-BanLec is derived from a lectin (a carbohydrate-binding protein) isolated from banana fruit. It accomplishes its remarkable viral-blocking abilities by binding to high-mannose glycans, polysaccharides that are present on the surface of the viruses, but only very rarely on normal healthy human cells. After binding, the virus cannot enter cells to infect them. The team confirmed that H84T develops multiple strong bonds with the spike protein, which, said Markovitz, probably explains why it’s hard for a coronavirus to be resistant to the lectin. Despite their anti-viral potential, lectins have traditionally been avoided as possible therapies because they are proteins that can stimulate the immune system in a potentially harmful way, explains Markovitz. However, H84T-BanLec has been modified to remove this effect and showed no detrimental effects in the animal models. The team says while several treatments for COVID-19 currently exist, including remdesivir, Paxlovid and monoclonal antibodies, they have varied levels of effectiveness, side effects and ease of use and many have proven less effective as SARS-CoV2 continues to evolve. H84T-BanLec holds unique promise because it is effective against all coronavirus variants as well as influenza viruses. The team hopes to see the therapy take the more difficult step from animal model to testing in humans. The team envisions a nasal spray or drops that can be used to prevent or treat coronavirus and influenza infections in seasonal and pandemic situations. They also hope to examine using H84T-BanLec against cancer—as cancer cells, like viruses, also have high mannose glycans on their surfaces. If you care about COVID, please read studies about a universal antibody therapy to fight all COVID-19 variants, and Vitamin D level could predict severity of COVID-19. For more information about COVID, please see recent studies about people who are 5 times more likely to get COVID-19, and this face mask can capture and deactivate COVID-19 virus. The study was conducted by David Markovitz et al and published in Cell Reports Medicine. Copyright © 2022 Knowridge Science Report. All rights reserved.

<urn:uuid:ffc0b715-45c3-4c73-95f9-c986f36e9d76>

Published at Sunday, 10 January 2021. Reading Worksheets. By Robinette Marechal. Distinguishing between different colors is an innate ability. Naming those colors correctly must however be learnt, and not only so you can choose the right socks to put on in the morning! For young children, color plays a part in many learning areas, and is used to help them learn and remember far more than just the color. Preschool printable worksheets can help you teach your child all about color in a fun and effective way. Here are a few of the reasons your preschooler needs to learn about color. Though the students always remain in an education friendly environment at schools, time taken by individuals for becoming skilled at new concepts & things vary from one student to another. The only way out to learn things in a quick time duration is thorough practicing of newly learnt concepts. Thus, parents of such Children reach out to various worksheet providers who provide conversational & innovative study materials, which would interest these kids to practice the lessons taught in schools. The addition, subtraction & number counting worksheets are meant for improving & developing the IQ skills of the kids, while English comprehension & grammar worksheets are provided to skill students at constructing error free sentences. One of the questions that is often raised, when it comes to speech therapy worksheets and other at-home "do it yourself" speech therapy curricula is whether or not the use of these types of worksheets and syllabi can be used as a substitute for the need for having your child undergo toddler speech therapy from a licensed pediatric speech pathologist? And the answer to that should be the use of speech therapy worksheets and other related materials should only be used as a supplement to receiving professional therapy. In other words, the use of these worksheets should be proctored by a licensed speech pathologist. They should be used as your child has "homework" assignments to be completed in between your weekly speech therapy sessions. Any content, trademark’s, or other material that might be found on the Bowmanfrancisministry website that is not Bowmanfrancisministry’s property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does Bowmanfrancisministry claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner. Copyright © 2021 Bowmanfrancisministry. All Rights Reserved.

<urn:uuid:f6339764-766f-40a1-af30-fdb70d2b2624>

The wildland–urban interface and pandemic migration With 1960 as a starting point, the year 2020 ranked second in terms of total acres burned per annum by wildfire according to the Congressional Research Service (2021). Undesirable and erratic wildfire (as opposed to fire managed intentionally for forest health and for the safety of nearby communities) has accelerated in recent years. Since 1960, the three years when wildfires burned at least 10 million or more acres per annum have all occurred since 2014 (CRS 2021; National Interagency Fire Center 2020). In California, through mid-summer 2021, the scale of destruction from uncontrolled wildfires outpaced the totals from a year earlier. From January 1 through July 8, 2021, 4599 fires had burned 114.8 million square miles compared with the same time frame in 2020 when 3847 fires consumed 48.6 square miles (Associated Press 2021). Wildfire management, generally, is the single largest item in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service budget on a year-to-year basis. In its FY 2021 budget justification, the agency sought $2.4 billion for wildland fire management from a total budget request of $5.3 billion (USDA Forest Service 2020). There are several drivers of high-intensity wildfire, including climate change and drought, build-up of forest fuels following decades of fire-suppression practices, and the spread of pathogens and forest insect pests. Pathogens and forest-damaging insects are often enabled by warmer winters (Abrams 2021). Another major risk factor is the pervasive, widely distributed penetration of homes into the contemporary wildland–urban interface (WUI) (GAO 2019). These areas are where humans and their development intermix with wildland fuel (Stein et al. 2013). The expansion of the WUI is especially evident in the American West, with important implications for the Mountain West and Southwest. Compared to California, wildfires in the mountain states and Southwest have generally been less costly in terms of lives lost and property destroyed because fires frequently occur in rural areas with low population density. That equation is changing, as net in-migration to states like Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah surges (Updater 2021). According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2020), Idaho led all states in population growth between 2019 and July 1, 2020 at 2.12 percent, followed by three other states in the USDA Forest Service’s top tier for high-intensity wildfire risk to communities: Arizona at 1.78 percent, and Nevada and Utah at 1.54 and 1.45 percent, respectively. Boise, Idaho exemplifies a location experiencing rapid in-migration combined with heightened wildfire risk. The city’s population increased by around 18 percent between 2010 and 2018. Residential construction in Boise has penetrated deeply into wildlands, including the foothills on the city’s northern perimeter.1 The migration of people from larger cities to smaller towns and rural areas has accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. A study by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland found that migration of residents from high-cost, large metro areas to small metro areas, towns, and rural areas increased 9.3 percent in the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2020 (Whitaker 2021). Second home purchases in mountainous, forested areas of the West also accelerated during 2020, with many new residents planning to relocate permanently (Blevins 2020). There are indicators that migration from crowded urban centers to more sparsely populated rural areas will continue. Major growth magnets include Mesa (Arizona), Orem (Utah), Boise, and West Des Moines (Iowa) (National Association of Realtors 2020). All of these locations score high for community wildfire risk, according to the Forest Service Wildfire Risk to Communities database (USDA Forest Service 2021a). COVID could contribute indirectly to the expansion of people and property in the WUI if re-organized work routines outlast the pandemic. This concern is beginning to inform wildfire risk reduction strategies. In a report on land use planning and wildfire risk in four Western States, Mowery and Punchard (2021) warned that the wildland–urban interface was poised to expand if teleworking becomes more prevalent. Some employers may be persuaded to keep staff dispersed (often, in employees’ own homes) and adopt long-term work-from-home or hybrid work arrangements rather than return to a centralized workplace model. This has important implications for who should pay for the costs of wildfire prevention and suppression in the WUI. If the work-from-home trend endures, employers may face increasing pressure from employees to help bear the costs of complying with local wildfire ordinances or rules imposed by homeowners associations (HOAs). Cost-sharing could cover, for example, the retrofitting of homes with fire-resistant building materials, establishment of defensible perimeters around homes, and other measures. If residents in the WUI continue to work-from-home, property developers may also come under increasing pressure to cover wildfire protection costs. Local authorities that approve new developments in the WUI may insist on wildfire building codes and fuel reduction measures near building sites. Communities may insist that developers be prohibited from passing on fire-proofing costs to home buyers. Homeowners outside the WUI will also have a stake in these local land-use decisions. Frequently, residents in developed areas outside the WUI pay taxes or fees that help cover the costs of fuel treatment and fire suppression inside the WUI. Hence, outsiders are subsidizing valuable benefits for WUI residents. Facing simultaneous pressure from risk-averse insurance carriers and from cost-conscious taxpayers outside the WUI, homeowners inside the WUI are likely to shift as many fire-proofing costs onto developers as local authorities will consent to. Hardening homes and neighborhoods: who pays? Workers with the option of working from home tend to be in better-paying jobs (Dingel and Neiman 2020). Considering their comparatively higher wealth, salary-earners who work-from-home in the WUI should have a greater capacity to cover some or all costs of home hardening. Whether or not homeowners are prepared to shoulder these costs, the problem of liability for WUI inhabitants is unlikely to dissipate in the years ahead. Insurance carriers in California, for example, are ceasing to insure some residential properties due to wildfire risk. Insurers dropped 235,250 homeowner policies in 2019 – a 31 percent increase over the prior year. Non-renewals were 61 percent higher in zip codes with moderate to very high wildfire risk (Chiglinsky and Chen 2020). Forcing homeowners in wealthier, wildfire-prone, census tracks to bear more fire-proofing costs may be defensible from a policy perspective. But for poorer districts in harm’s way, self-financing home defense is problematic from an equity perspective. In 2020, California’s Insurance Commissioner placed a moratorium on nonrenewal of homeowners’ insurance in areas affected by wildfire, including in zip codes with comparatively lower median household incomes (California Department of Insurance 2020). While helpful for lower-income households, these moratoria typically lapse after one year. Compounding the problem: California’s high-risk insurance pool – the FAIR Plan – is a costly last resort (Chiglinsky and Chen 2020). This plan, which is backed by all admitted insurance carriers in the state, was established to “…provide basic fire insurance coverage for high-risk properties when traditional insurance companies will not” (California FAIR Plan Property Insurance 2021). The president of the FAIR Plan announced a 15.6 percent average rate increase in 2021 for rural clients following a surge in claims in 2020 (Hodson 2020). Issues of fairness will become acute as wildfire risks mount in poorer, rural areas outside the Pacific Northwest and California. Rural inhabitants east of the wealthy, wooded, high-tech warrens in Washington State, Oregon, and California, tend to have fewer financial resources for home hardening. Yet, they face risks comparable to those plaguing the Pacific coastal states, including persistent drought, pest- and pathogen-damaged forests, and build-up of forest fuels. This does not imply that every household in at-risk areas in Washington, Oregon, and California are better equipped to pay for home defense compared to counterpart households in the Mountain West and Southwest. The aftermath of the catastrophic 2018 Camp Fire in Paradise, California testifies to the steep costs many families face to rebuild and to secure new insurance policies (Bartolone 2019). Yet, the median household income of $51,566 (2019) in Paradise considerably outpaces family incomes in many at-risk, rural communities in states to the east and south. Consider, for example, that almost the entire territory of the State of New Mexico received an “above normal” fire outlook score (the highest score) for the months of May and June 2021 in the North American Seasonal Fire Assessment and Outlook (National Interagency Fire Center 2021). New Mexico’s median household income is the third lowest among 50 states, according to the most recent (2019) U.S. Census data. Or consider Saguache County, Colorado whose forests are contending with a vexing Western Spruce Budworm infestation and frequent droughts. That county’s median household income in 2019 was $38,571. So far, in the changing landscape of who pays to protect property from high-intensity wildfire, we have observed several trends, including the likely persistence of work-from-home norms, post-COVID. As the home and workplace are hybridized, and as well-off workers choose homes in attractive settings in the WUI, we consider the possibility of workers pressuring employers to cover the costs of home hardening. Increasing pressure on property developers in the WUI to internalize fire protection costs seems likely, as well. We observe households grappling with cancelled or non-renewed homeowners insurance and the need to self-finance home defense measures as a pre-condition for replacement coverage. Moratoria on non-renewal of insurance offer a short-term remedy for homeowners, helping to forestall costly, last resort, high-risk pooled insurance. We have argued that affluent property owners are in the best position to harden their homes, but that self-financing is less practicable for many rural inhabitants outside of the wealthy WUI precincts of the Pacific coastal states. We make the case for median household income as a constituent of wildfire comparative risk assessment. A polycentric approach to wildfire management While lower income rural households have fewer resources to mitigate wildfire risks, at least one institutional trend holds promise for improving equity in wildfire protection. Increasingly, actors at the neighborhood- and household-levels have multi-actor, multi-scale networks to tap for information and educational resources, technical assistance, and in some cases, limited funding, to help with wildfire safety. These networks are emerging in regions beyond the familiar high-risk Pacific coastal states. While they are not a failsafe for under-resourced communities in the path of potentially destructive wildfires, in many cases, these networks can help homeowners mitigate the worst risks. Effective wildfire management requires coordination among multiple agencies and actors, at multiple levels. This assertion is the foundation of the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy (or “Cohesive Strategy”). The Cohesive Strategy is “…a collaborative process with active involvement of all levels of government and non-governmental organizations, as well as the public…” in finding solutions to the challenges of wildfire management (USDA Forest Service 2021b; National Strategic Committee 2016). At the local level, these strategies are formalized in the provisions of Community Wildfire Protection Plans or CWPPs. CWPPs guide risk identification and risk reduction activities down to the neighborhood level, and in some cases, to the street-level. CWPPs, and the Cohesive Strategy, broadly, are works in progress. According to the USDA. Forest Service, fewer than 10 percent of communities at risk of wildfire have developed CWPPs (US Fire Administration 2020). Well-designed CWPPs often involve collaborations between different levels of government and with non-state actors. Consider, for example, that the Boulder County CWPP involves federal, state, county, and local entities, as well as 23 separate fire districts. The plan was developed by a multi-stakeholder core team along with contributions from a citizen advisory team and two technical working groups (Core Team 2017a). Boulder’s plan and many other multi-stakeholder, multi-scale CWPPs are akin to polycentric systems of governance – “complex combinations of multiple levels and diverse types of organizations drawn from the public, private, and voluntary sectors that have overlapping realms of responsibility and functional capacities” (McGinnis and Ostrom 2012: 15). Some CWPPs continue to benefit from the active engagement of higher-level participants well after these plans are finalized. Partly for that reason, they hold promise for addressing some of the equity issues described in this essay. Boulder’s CWPP and its technical appendices (Core Team 2017b) are deeply informed by wildfire mitigation measures recommended by a national program called Firewise USA. This program, co-sponsored by the Forest Service and the nongovernmental National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), has features of a polycentric, distributive approach to wildfire protection. Firewise USA is rooted in congressional legislation and spans multiple levels of collaborators. Through a statute passed in 2000 (Secure Rural Schools Act), Congress directs the Forest Service to redistribute a portion of revenues derived from grazing and timbering fees to county-level actors. Funds may be used for “…wildfire-related education or wildland fire mitigation assistance to homeowners” including fire-resistant home construction and landscaping, community “clean up days,” and related activities (USDA Forest Service 2021c). Funds from the Forest Service flow to NFPA which administers Firewise USA. NFPA channels resources to state-level chapters of Firewise, including Idaho’s program (Fig. 1a). The funds are expected to be spent at the county level. However, stakeholders from multiple levels may be collaborators in grant-funded activities (Fig. 1b). To illustrate, in 2015, an Idaho Firewise grant supported a troupe of performing artists who produced an educational program in collaboration with three federal level agencies (Idaho Firewise 2021). Other Idaho Firewise grants have supported city fire departments, neighborhoods, and state conservation districts on behalf of communities on activities ranging from woody debris removal and home evaluations to community education programs. Grantees and beneficiaries span neighborhood associations, Tribal governments, professional associations (e.g., Idaho Fire Chiefs), and non-governmental organizations (e.g., Project Learning Tree Idaho).2 Individual households are often the ultimate end-user, with participants pitching in to reduce hazardous fuels in neighborhood common areas, hardening homes against fire, and learning safe outdoor cooking and campfire practices. In other contexts in Idaho, homeowners associations perform essential wildfire management functions at the neighborhood level. To illustrate, Hidden Springs, a community in the foothills near Boise, adopted several wildfire mitigation measures in the Hidden Springs HOA covenants, conditions, and restrictions. These measures became part of the Ada County Zoning Ordinance. Rules require, for example, on-site water storage and flow rate requirements (for fire suppression), roads that can accommodate emergency vehicles, and homes outfitted with noncombustible roofing materials (Miller et al. 2017). In this example of polycentric governance, an association of private homeowners self-imposed a set of wildfire mitigation obligations, and those rules were incorporated into a county-level regulation. Agencies with wildfire management responsibilities, at all levels, must carefully consider fairness and efficiency in how the costs of wildfire safety are distributed. Relevant factors can include the income of residents, location of firefighting services, terrain, and other variables. In the case of Hidden Springs HOA, many wildfire management costs could be justifiably borne at the neighborhood and household levels, considering homeowners’ self-selection to live in/near wildlands and considering the income strata of these residents. These investments would be less feasible for lower-income households in rural areas. In many parts of Idaho, for example, there is overlap between counties with comparatively low median household income and communities with high wildfire risk (e.g., Idaho, Lemhi, and Owyhee Counties). Polycentric actors at the state, county, and local levels, assisted by nongovernmental organizations, could support under-resourced households with home hardening and community education grants – akin to Firewise. To promote equity in wildfire mitigation, positive incentives (and not just negative inducements, like fines) are necessary.

<urn:uuid:a5faa269-e5c2-4ed4-a0e9-0b8c6a3e7216>

Input: S = “pqrstsuvwrqp” Removal of the substring “uvw” modifies S to a palindromic string. Input: S = “geeksforskeeg” Removal of substring “or” modifies S to a palindromic string. Approach: The idea is to include maximum size prefix and suffix from the given string S whose concatenation forms a palindrome. Then, choose the maximum length prefix or suffix from the remaining string which is a palindrome in itself. Below is the illustration of the approach with the help of image: Below is the implementation of the above approach: Time Complexity: O(N2) Auxiliary Space: O(N) Attention reader! Don’t stop learning now. Get hold of all the important DSA concepts with the DSA Self Paced Course at a student-friendly price and become industry ready. - Minimum number of palindromic subsequences to be removed to empty a binary string - Minimum length of substring whose rotation generates a palindromic substring - Make palindromic string non-palindromic by rearranging its letters - Longest Palindromic Substring using Palindromic Tree | Set 3 - Minimum cuts required to convert a palindromic string to a different palindromic string - Size of smallest subarray to be removed to make count of array elements greater and smaller than K equal - Minimum number of characters to be removed to make a binary string alternate - Minimum letters to be removed to make all occurrences of a given letter continuous - Minimum number of elements to be removed to make XOR maximum - Minimum number of elements that should be removed to make the array good - Find the minimum number of elements that should be removed to make an array good - Minimum digits to be removed to make either all digits or alternating digits same - Minimum number of edges required to be removed from an Undirected Graph to make it acyclic - Make a palindromic string from given string - Generate a string of size N whose each substring of size M has exactly K distinct characters - Minimum changes required to make first string substring of second string - Minimum Count of Bit flips required to make a Binary String Palindromic - Find if a given string can be represented from a substring by iterating the substring “n” times - Partition given string in such manner that i'th substring is sum of (i-1)'th and (i-2)'th substring - Longest palindromic string possible after removal of a substring If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to [email protected]. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks. Please Improve this article if you find anything incorrect by clicking on the "Improve Article" button below.

<urn:uuid:98b552f8-dc66-49f1-bd04-d6a8347e08c7>

5 Methods of Waste Disposal 5 Methods of Waste Disposal With the range and variety of items that are needed in the home, effective waste disposal becomes a necessity. Being aware of all the possible methods will make the task of disposing of waste much easier. 1 - Recycling As a result of environmentally friendly practices becoming more paramount, it has become possible to recycle a great number of materials. If your local authority do not undertake collections for recyclable materials, do some research to find out whether there is a recycling center close by and what materials they accept. Setting up separate receptacles for each type of material will reduce the risk of them mixing and make it easier when it comes to recycling. 2 - Composting If you have a garden, consider making use of food waste as compost rather than discarding it. Organic materials such as fruit rind, onion peel and shredded paper can be collected in tub before closing the lid and leaving the material to decompose. This can then be added to the soil to provide nutrients which will aid the growth and quality of your plants. This type of waste disposal will effectively be a form of recycling if you grow fruit and vegetables. Crushed up egg shells can also be added to compost to reduce the pests that affect your plants as slugs and snails will avoid them. 3 - Reuse The amount of waste disposal can be reduced by carefully considering exactly what you are throwing away. Before automatically discarding items, think about whether it would be possible to wash and reuse them. Plastic tubs such as those that contained butter or ice cream can become effective storage containers for a range of small items such as nails or screws. Scrap paper that would otherwise be thrown away can be used for notes and lists that are required around the house. 4 - Animal Feed Don’t overlook a pet’s capacity to be an effective waste disposal. Retain vegetable peel and food scraps to feed small animals such as hamsters and rabbits. Large meat bones will often be greatly received by the family dog. If you have livestock, use leftover food to feed your animals if it is appropriate to do so. Animals such as pigs are indiscriminate when it comes to their diet and will tend to eat whatever they are given. If you do not keep animals but live in a rural area, determine whether any of your neighbors keep animals and whether they could make use of food waste. 5 - Firewood A significant amount of waste disposal can be required when it comes to refurbishing a home or replacing furniture. Rather than discarding furniture, cut it up into more manageable pieces and use of as firewood. Even if you don’t make use of a wood burning stove, you are likely to find it easy to find others that do. In addition, it may even enable you to make a little extra money by offering it for sale. Burning items for heat or fuel would also be suitable for other items that do not contain any toxic materials.

<urn:uuid:127cd344-4148-4866-990f-8d3fcfc793e8>

The ancient Silk Road once linked China with Central Asia and Russia, as well as Europe. In the 21st century, Central Asian countries have established even closer economic and trade ties with China. In fact, a series of medium-and long-term economic development strategies devised by the Central Asian countries have much in common with the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative, and thus have created ample room and good opportunities for strategic cooperation. That is precisely why when President Xi Jinping proposed the Silk Road Economic Belt during his visit to Kazakhstan in 2013, it immediately received a positive response. Thanks to the coordination between the two countries, the Silk Road Economic Belt and Kazakhstan's development strategy have been synergized and more than 100 cooperation agreements signed. While vigorously promoting its unique regional advantages across the world, Kazakhstan has highlighted the importance of the "Silk Road" to the global economy. And because of the all-round positive responses, China and the Central Asian countries have managed to coordinate their development strategies within a short time. Since infrastructure connectivity and smooth trade ... can bring real benefits to Russia as well as China, there is no reason for Beijing and Moscow to engage in any competition in Central Asia The Silk Road Economic Belt proposal has also received a positive response from Russia. On May 9, 2015, the Chinese and Russian governments signed a joint statement on dovetailing the Silk Road Economic Belt projects with those of Russia's Eurasian Economic Union. Russia supports the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt and China supports the development of the EEU. Actually, Beijing and Moscow have been working together to promote the two initiative's projects in the region. Over the past five years, China has signed cooperation agreements with more than 80 countries, regions and organizations, engaged in capacity cooperation with more than 40 countries and regions, and established 82 overseas cooperation zones with 24 countries. These projects have created a large number of jobs in the host countries and regions, and injected new vitality into their economies. The Belt and Road Initiative has advanced over the past five years despite the criticisms of Western countries and misunderstandings of some developing countries. Whenever a Western country or leader accuses China of benefiting from Western economies' development, China responds by saying it welcomes other countries to get a free ride on its fast moving economic train. To those Western scholars who claim the cancellation of the China-backed East Coast Rail Link in Malaysia highlights the risks posed by Chinese development projects overseas, Beijing says the fact that newly reelected Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad chose China for his first foreign visit outside ASEAN member states shows the high importance he attaches to ties and cooperation with China. And when some Western media outlets claimed Sri Lanka would fall into a "debt trap" because of the China-financed Hambantota port project, the Sri Lankan government said that it itself had invited the Chinese side to build the port and related projects. Some Western media outlets have also claimed there is intense competition between China and Russia in Central Asia. But the truth is that both countries know the benefits of cooperation in the region far outweigh the possible gains from competition. More importantly, the Belt and Road Initiative is purely an economic program with no room for geopolitical or military competition, and China and Russia have already reached a consensus on coordinating Silk Road Economic Belt and EEU projects for regional development. The Belt and Road Initiative aims to connect Asia with Europe and Africa, for which the flow of production factors across the Eurasian continent is important. And it is here that Russia's role is indispensable. Since infrastructure connectivity and smooth trade, as advocated by the Belt and Road Initiative, can bring real benefits to Russia as well as China, there is no reason for Beijing and Moscow to engage in any competition in Central Asia, or anywhere else for that matter. The Belt and Road Initiative is a win-win economic and trade plan that will benefit not only China, but also Central Asia, Russia and even Europe. Under the initiative's framework, Sino-Russian cooperation in Central Asia will be far more beneficiary for both sides. And now that Beijing and Moscow are enjoying the best relations ever, the two sides should adhere to the Belt and Road Initiative's principle of "consultation, co-building and sharing" so they can use the geographical advantages of Central Asia and Russia to better connect Asia with the Eurasian continent, and work together to bring tangible benefits to the local people. In the past five years, countries around the world have become increasingly aware that the Belt and Road Initiative is not China's "one-man show", but a multilateral economic cooperation initiative. China has no intention of competing with other countries to gain regional or global geographical advantage. Instead, it believes in open, inclusive and international cooperation initiatives. So China's detractors should now acknowledge that, as part of China's global responsibilities, the Belt and Road Initiative has injected new vitality into many an economy and helped boost global economic growth. The author is a member of Pangoal's Academic Committee, and deputy secretary-general of the Belt and Road Research Center, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

<urn:uuid:a7c5b4e3-8db7-4572-9614-c719e2fda91b>

Guerrilla warfare is well documented from ancient Persian, Greek, Roman, and Mongol accounts of battle. Peninsular War (1808-14), is the first war in which the term guerrilla was applied to irregular combatants. It was recorded, while the Spanish partisans fought against the French occupying army under Napoleon. As many as 30,000 guerrillas pursued the classic partisan tactics: blocking or destroying roads and bridges, ambushing columns of enemy soldiers from hidden positions, and intercepting military messengers. Spain and France Spain and France - Guerrilla warfare – Wikipedia Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military. - Guerrilla warfare | military tactics | Britannica.com military tactics. Guerrilla warfare, also spelled guerilla warfare, type of warfare fought by irregulars in fast-moving, small-scale actions against orthodox military and police forces and, on occasion, against rival insurgent forces, either independently or in conjunction with a larger political-military strategy. - Guerrilla warfare – Strategy and tactics | Britannica.com The military effort concentrated on breaking up and dispersing large guerrilla formations, then depriving them of the initiative by small-unit tactics—mainly frequent patrols and ambushes based on valid intelligence often gained from natives. - Guerrilla warfare | Define Guerrilla warfare at Dictionary.com Guerrilla warfare definition, the use of hit-and-run tactics by small, mobile groups of irregular forces operating in territory controlled by a hostile, regular force. - What is guerrilla warfare? – CliffsNotes Guerrilla warfare, also spelled guerilla warfare, is a type of combat that’s fought by a civilian population or other people who aren’t part of a.

<urn:uuid:e73d3001-aa4c-4321-91f0-46af485ad441>

Home | Anagrams English Language Activity A fun and creative classroom activity, ideal for teaching children furniture vocabulary. Target language: bed, wardrobe, bookcase, lamp, poster, clock, table, chair In this activity, children put the letters in the correct order and match them to the furniture. Answer sheet included.

<urn:uuid:0d19cc49-1791-4d86-a63d-d77f071d5de7>

Does oxygen difluoride have dipole dipole forces? OF2 (Oxygen difluoride) is polar in nature because of its bent shaped geometrical structure and difference between the electronegativity of Oxygen and Fluorine atoms. As a result, the dipole moment of the molecule turns out to be nonzero making the OF2 a polar molecule. Should OF2 have a dipole moment? As the dipole moments are not canceled out in the OF2 molecule, there will be a net dipole moment in it, which means there will be partial negative charges and partial positive charges in the molecule. Thus Oxygen Difluoride or OF2 is a polar molecule. How do you calculate dipole moments? The dipole moment is calculated by multiplying the distance between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms by the difference in their charge. Then, the angle between the atoms is used to find the net dipole moment. The angle formed by a water molecule is known to be 104.5° and the bond moment of the O-H bond is -1.5D. What is the dipole moment of oxygen? Table 2.2. 1: Dipole Moments of Some Compounds |Compound||Dipole Moment (Debyes)| Is CH2F2 polar or nonpolar? So, is CH2F2 polar or nonpolar? Yes, difluoromethane (CH2F2) is polar despite its symmetrical shape i.e., tetrahedral geometry. The polarity arises owing to the large difference in electronegativity of the C-F bond. The C-F bond is polar in nature and hence, results in the formation of the strong dipole. What type of compound is oxygen difluoride? Oxygen difluoride is an oxygen halide. What is the bond angle of oxygen difluoride? The bond angle of Oxygen difluoride is 103º. The electron geometry of OF2 is tetrahedral and molecular geometry is Bent. What is the shape of oxygen difluoride? Oxygen Difluoride has a similar arrangement like H2O. As only atoms are bonded with the central atom, it has a molecular geometry similar to AX2 that corresponds to linear geometry. Although the electron geometry of OF2 is tetrahedral, its molecular geometry is linear. What is the dipole moment of CO2? zero dipole moment So, CO2 has zero dipole moment because it is a linear molecule. What is the dipole moment of o3? 1b) ozone is a polar molecule (dipole moment = 0.5337 D). How do you find the dipole moment of H2O? – There are two hydrogen in water molecules, the two hydrogen creates their individual dipole moments. – We have to calculate the individual dipole moments and later we have to do the sum to get the dipole moment of the water molecule. Therefore the net dipole moment of the water molecule = 0.9187+0.9187=1.837D. What is the dipole moment of CH2F2? The net dipole moment of the difluoromethane molecule is 1.97 D and hence, confirming the polar nature of the difluoromethane molecule. Does CH2F2 have non zero dipole moment? As a result, it has a permanent dipole moment in its molecular structure. The CH2F2 molecule has a dipole moment due to an unequal charge distribution of negative and positive charges. What is the bond angle for oxygen difluoride? What is the formula for oxygen difluoride? OF2Oxygen difluoride / Formula Why is the dipole moment of CO2 zero? CO2 has the structure as O=C=O. in which there is bond dipole moment (C-O bond). But, as the dipole moment of one bond is cancelled by other, the structure of CO2 is a linear. So, CO2 has zero dipole moment because it is a linear molecule. Which is more polar CO2 or SO2? For example, compare CO2 and SO2. Carbon dioxide is a linear molecule while sulfur dioxide is a bent molecule. Both molecules contain polar bonds (see bond dipoles on the Lewis structures below), but carbon dioxide is a nonpolar molecule while sulfur dioxide is a polar molecule.

<urn:uuid:19e42621-7abc-4e58-8f6e-8e62464660b9>

Crown thinning/cleaning is the process of removing selected branches to thin out the crown of the tree. With proper techniques, thinning creates a balanced crown structure without changing the shape or size of the tree. It also reduces the weight on heavy limbs and removes dead or diseased, weak, overreaching, abrading or duplicated branches. Crown reduction pruning is often carried out to maintain or reduce the tree’s overall dimensions, usually where a tree has outgrown its available space. Crown reductions will also decrease canopy weight and wind-sail, this is highly beneficial for managing a tree with significant structural defects including overweight or overgrown limbs. Tree removal is the process of removing a tree by felling the tree from ground level or dismantling the tree section by section ‘top down’ by our qualified arborist climbers. Reasons for trees to be removed include: dead, dying or dangerous trees, poor location or land development. Crown lifting involves the pruning or removal of lower branches in order to increase clearance beneath the tree for pedestrians, vehicles, buildings or to improve line-of-sight. Once a tree or shrub has been removed you are left with a stump in the ground. A stump can remain in the ground without causing any harm but if you want to replant or lay more lawn, add a new building or fence, you may want to remove the stump. The best way to remove the stump quickly is by using a stump grinding machine, which has a large cutter wheel with special cutting teeth. This is positioned close to the stump and lowered progressively whilst sweeping left to right until the stump is ground out. Our wide variety of stump grinding machines are capable of removing any size stumps to below ground level. Ash trees are the third most common native tree in the UK, but in a few years 70 million trees are expected to be lost to a disease known as Ash Dieback. This is a fungal disease which affects the vascular system of ash trees. Ash Dieback often stops the tree’s ability to use nutrients and can eventually kill the tree. Very few Ash trees have natural immunity and it is already clear that Ash Dieback will have a devastating impact on our woodlands and green environments. There is no viable treatment. It also threatens the British landscape, wildlife and species, which rely on ash trees. A dead or dying Ash tree is potentially very dangerous and will need removal. Visit the website below for more information on ash dieback.

<urn:uuid:49a445aa-f441-4d51-88ab-d49ea2b8a518>

25 MANGANESE Mn (Latin: magnes=magnet) Manganese is a brilliant white, hard, brittle metallic element with a reddish tinge. It exists in four allotropic forms, , and and has a complicated crystal structure. Manganese is named from the magnetic properties of pyrolusite, MnO2, an ore of manganese. Manganese metal is ferromagnetic only after special treatment. Alpha-manganese is magnetic and stable at room temperature. Beta manganese is an interconnected array of icosohedral cages of manganese atoms. Gamma manganese is soft and flexible and slowly reverts to the alpha variety at room temperature. Potentially minable quantities of manganese are found at the bottom of the ocean as manganese nodules, containing about 25% manganese. Manganese is antiferromagnetic below the Neel temperature of 100 Kelvin. Manganese is used to make steel, and in the making of silico-manganese steel, aluminium-bronze, and aluminium and nickel based alloys. Manganin, a copper based alloy with manganese and nickel is used to make electrical resistance wire with a low temperature coefficient of resistance. Manganese can display a great variety of valences in its compounds from one to seven, which are mainly deeply coloured. Manganese compounds colour borax beads deep purple to black. Manganese will colour glass amethyst and is also responsible for the colour of true amethyst, an aluminium oxide. Several aluminium manganese alloys, amongst them Al4Mn, Al6Mn, Al6Li3Cu and Al28Cr1Ru5, 'crystallize' in the forbidden pentagonal symmetry, which is halfway between a glass and a periodic lattice. The quasi-crystal is based on an icosahedral unit of 12 atoms of aluminium surround a smaller manganese atom, which nearly forms a sphere, but not quite since there is nearly room for a thirteenth atom. Then 12 of these near spheres pack around a central near-sphere forming another near sphere, and so on hierarchically. Another, Mg32(Al,Zn)49 consists of two basic space-filling rhombohedral cells that are joined haphazardly (similar to the darts and wedge parallelograms of the Penrose tiling patterns for the plane, which cannot be arranged with any periodic order). Manganese dioxide is a soot-black powder used in the laboratory to generate oxygen gas, and as a depolarizer in dry cells, where any generated hydrogen and oxygen must be quickly recombined to make water, otherwise the cell will explode. Manganese heptoxide, Mn2O7, is an acidic, heavy, dark coloured oil and strong oxidizing agent which is explosively unstable and forms manganates. Mangano manganic oxide, Mn3O4, is a red neutral mixed oxide. Manganic oxide, Mn2O3 is a brown powder occurring as braunite. Manganous oxide, MnO, a basic oxide occurring as Manganosite, crystallizes in the cubic system. Manganese carbide, Mn3C, liberates methane gas, CH4, on contact with water, forming manganous hydroxide, Mn(OH)2. The deep purple potassium permanganate, KMnO4, with a bitter-sweet taste, is used as an oxidant and antiseptic. Blue or blue-green hypomanganates, M3MnO4, are formed by heating the green manganates, M2MnO4, with alkali hydroxides. Some manganese compounds, in particular MnAs, MnBi and MnSb are ferromagnetic with room temperature magnetizations of 670, 620 and 710 Gauss, and Curie temperatures of 45ºC, 357ºC and 314 Celsius respectively, which for the most part are higher than those for chromium dioxide of 515 Gauss and 113 Celsius. The principal ores of manganese are pyrolusite, MnO2; rhodochrosite, MnCO3 a rose pink carbonate; psilomelane, BaMn9O16(OH)4; rhodonite, CaMn4(SiO3)5, a pink to red silicate of manganese and calcium which turns black on weathering; and hausmannite, Mn3O4. Other minerals include manganite, MnO(OH), an important steely grey to black ore. Manganese is recovered from the ore pyrolusite, MnO2, by mixing it with aluminium powder and igniting the mixture as in the thermite reaction. Tephroite, Mn2SiO4 is an orthorhombic manganese silicate. Just one stable isotope of manganese exists, manganese-55. The positron emitter, manganese-53, produced in the upper atmosphere in trace amounts by cosmic ray bombardment of dust, has a halflife of 3.7 Myr. Claim to fame: Manganese exhibits the highest electrical resistivity of the metallic elements, 185microOhm centimetre and also displays the greatest number of valences (11).

<urn:uuid:01f330dc-d0ab-421f-8c67-5257bba4e84d>

This is a cumulative project students would do for after learning about Ancient Rome. This is much like a restaurant menu. Included in this are 2 appetizers, 3 side dishes, 3 entrees, and 2 desserts. The teacher assigns the students specific items to complete off of the learning menu. Example: Students must choose 1 appetizer, 1 side dish, 1 entree, and may do a 1 dessert for extra credit. It is best if students if students turn in one activity a week so that the teacher is not bombarded with too many assignments to grade at once. Included with the learning menu is a detailed description of each item and rubric for points allotted.

<urn:uuid:464e3201-f2b9-44ea-ba33-6bafd019e8e2>

There are 78 water systems worldwide that primarily rely on glaciers and snow as their freshwater source. These systems are therefore known as the world’s water towers. Around 1.9 billion people, approximately a quarter of the world’s population, depend on them. A large international research team led by Walter Immerzeel has mapped out which water towers are most important for the people living downstream, and how vulnerable they are to changes in climate and socio-economic factors. In 2021, Walter Immerzeel wrote in Scientific American about the insights his data collection have produced so far and the challenges we’re faced with right now. Discover the world's watertowers in this interactive tool “In the past, mountains were not seen as one of the key parts of the earth system, like tropical forests or oceans, but now we are recognizing them as just as important.” Walter Immerzeel (1975) studied Environmental Sciences at Utrecht University where he also gained his PhD at the Physical Geography department in 2008. He has a passion for mountainous areas and lived and worked as a researcher in Nepal for two years. He is now Professor of Mountain Hydrology at Utrecht University, where he leads a young team of scientists. Immerzeel has led numerous research expeditions to the Himalayas. His research focuses on the interaction between climate change and the cycle of snow, ice and water in the high mountains and what makes his research unique is that he investigates this at different levels of scale. Immerzeel has been awarded Veni and Vidi grants from NWO and an ERC Starting Grant, among others. In 2018, he received the prestigious Macelwane medal and became a fellow of the American Geophysical Union.

<urn:uuid:105ae35d-df24-48fa-8a87-b635bc7614f6>

Scientific illustrations help to communicate complex information and data across disciplines. The work of science animators and illustrators is therefore a valuable part of effective science communication, in particular for microbiology, as the majority of organisms studied cannot be seen with the naked eye. From the moment we open our eyes in the morning to the time we go to sleep, visual stimuli guide us throughout the day. We watch the news, we see street signs and we read messages on our phones. A lot of what we see involves illustrations, photographs and videos that inform us about a specific topic. Visual information makes use of colour, shape, space and even movement to convey a message. For some, these visual materials help in the formation of memories, since the cognitive process is usually more efficient when processing static or moving visual information as compared to plain text. This is particularly relevant when it comes to science. Areas that focus on the study of the micro-, nano- or picometre world, in which structures and organisms are invisible to the naked eye, rely on images to convey findings and messages. Microbiology and molecular and cellular biology are two examples. We can read about the composition of a virus, a protein’s intricate structure or the process of DNA replication, but without a visual representation it is difficult to fully comprehend these complex systems. Fortunately, thanks to the advance of technology, scientists can use a variety of tools to help visualize how microscopic elements are composed and how they function. Fluorescence microscopy can allow us to see, for example, a bacterium infecting a mammalian cell, while electron microscopy can generate high-resolution images of a cell’s ultrastructure. To get deeper insights into the atomic structure of molecules and cells, complex techniques like X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance or cryo-electron microscopy can be used. These techniques continue to provide unprecedented insights into what microbes and their components look like, yet they require specific expertise and are still somewhat restricted to a small audience, particularly since such images can be relatively ineffective in communicating information to non-experts and the general public. That’s where scientific animation and illustration come in. These disciplines gather complex and specialized scientific information and combine it with more abstract concepts like artistic beauty and composition. This translates into an aesthetically engaging and broadly understandable figure. Art and science, in particular microbiology, have long gone hand in hand. An article by Frédéric Barras (Barras, F. Environ. Microbiol. Rep. 11, 29–34 (2019)) summarized the connection between microbiology and art throughout history. More recently, Graham Johnson’s animation from 1999 shows how the motor protein kinesin walks along a protofilament of a microtubule, Michele Banks creates watercolour collages and Petri dish paintings using an interesting artistic process (Jermy, A. Nat Microbiol. 1, 15013 (2016)) involving medieval novels about the plague and experimentation with colour palettes, David Goodsell has created many iconic watercolour images, and Digizyme has developed ‘molecular landscape’ images by integrating structural and biochemical data to show the intricate complexity of living cells, which are just a few examples. These visualizations are particularly effective for non-specialized audiences. They provide a gateway into the cellular world, allowing something that seemed unintelligible to become more tangible. The ultimate goal of animation and illustration is effective communication — to take something complex and make it accessible, visually attractive and as close to an approximation of reality as possible to capture a broad audience. So at this point you may wonder, who are the people behind scientific animations and illustrations? Are they illustrators or are they scientists? Well, the answer is, they are both. Usually, scientific illustrators and animators are professionals who have some level of scientific knowledge complementary to their artistic design skills. They can be scientists who learnt art, or artists with a deep interest in science. In any case, they have a combined passion for both disciplines. They exhaustively research and read about the scientific topic that they want to illustrate and even work side by side with scientists to ensure accuracy, while also applying artistic license to create an illustration that is both precise and aesthetically pleasing. Throughout history many well-known scientists have adopted illustration as a way of developing their research questions, including the Dutch microbiologist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, who first drew ‘animalcules’ in the 17th century; the Spanish neuroscientist Santiago Ramon y Cajal, who created beautiful illustrations of neurons; the German biologist Ernst Haeckle, whose detailed illustrations of living creatures from the 20th century are still a source of inspiration and astonishment; and the usually overlooked Maria Sibylla Merian and other female scientists who drew illustrations in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. In this issue of Nature Microbiology, three contemporary scientific illustrators and animators share their experiences of bringing together art and science, and the different career paths available in science visualization. Biotechnologist Thom Leach tells us how he transitioned from the lab bench to the illustration studio; Janet Iwasa, a molecular biologist, assistant professor and head of The Animation Lab at the University of Utah, tells us how her animation team helps scientists to bring their hypothesis to life; and artist Beth Anderson walks us through her career as a scientific animator and her collaborations with research institutions and editorial publishers. These are just a few representative examples of the vast pool of talented scientific illustrators. Each illustrator uses a different combination of tools and resources, whether that be digital and/or traditional drawing techniques, 2D and/or 3D illustrations or animation software, and each has their own style. What they have in common is a passion and commitment to communicate science in the best possible way. Their dedication and their work should encourage scientists to improve communication to both their peers and the general public. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the value of communicating timely scientific discoveries to the general public in a clear and understandable way to avoid misunderstanding or introducing misconceptions not grounded in scientific data. Although scientific visualization is not often prioritized in academic research, it is a key aspect of communicating new scientific discoveries to both academic and non-academic audiences. When done properly, images and animations allow information to be conceptually assimilated more effectively than words. Therefore, collaboration between researchers and illustrators is crucial for the effective communication of science. So it is our — and your — responsibility as scientists to make effective use of different communication routes and to commit to improving visualization at all times, but particularly when microbiology is prominently in the public eye. Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Visualizing the unseen. Nat Microbiol 7, 1–2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-01044-1

<urn:uuid:20dd1b20-7cd1-4f97-b4a1-be775b096d1e>

The upper Maranon traverses the department from S. At the junction of 2 D the Cauches with that river, that Ecuadorean line descends the Chinchipe to the Maranon, and the Peruvian ascends to a point where it is intersected by a line following the eastern Cordillera northward to the head-waters of the Caqueta, or Japura, which forms the northern boundary down to the Brazilian frontier. No river, except the Maranon, breaks through it either to the east or west, while more than twenty coast streams rise on its slopes and force their way through the maritime chain. It then continues northward, separating the basins of the Maranon and Huallaga; and at the northern frontier of Peru it is at length broken through by the Maranon flowing eastward. The eastern range is cut through by six rivers in Peru, namely, the Maranon and Huallaga, the Perene, Mantaro, Apurimac, Vilcamayu and Paucartambo, the last five being tributaries of the Ucayali. The first, from the north, comprises the upper basins Sec ti of the Maranon and the Huallaga, and is 350 m. The great rivers of the sierra are the Maranon, rising in the lake of Lauricocha and flowing northward in a deep gorge between the Maritime and Central Cordilleras for 350 m., when it forces its way through the mountains at the famous Pongo de Manseriche and enters the Amazonian plain. The Maranon, on having burst through the defile of the Pongo de Man seriche (575 ft. The forests drained by the Maranon, Huallaga and Ucayali form the northern portion of the Peruvian montana. Long from the Maranon to the Bolivian frontier, is naturally divided into two sections, the sub-tropical forests in the ravines and on the eastern slopes of the Andes, and the dense tropical forests in the Amazonian plain. Surveys were completed in 1909 for an extension of the Oroya line from a point on its Cerro de Pasco branch eastward to the Ucayali, and another transandean line frequently discussed is projected from Paita across the Andes to Puerto Limon, on the Maranon-a distance of 410 m. The most important means of communication in the republic is that of its river system, comprising, as it does, the navigable channels of the Maranon, or upper Amazon, and its tributaries. The rivers forming this system are the Maranon from Puerto Limon to Tabatinga on the Brazilian frontier (484 m.), the Japura, Putumayo, Javary, Napo, Tigre, Huallaga, Ucayali, Pachitea, Jurua, Purus, Acre, Curaray and Aguarico all navigable over parts of their courses for steamers of 4 to 8 f t. As for the Maranon, it is claimed that steamers of 20 ft. Its chief port is Iquitos, on the Maranon, 335 m. From Puerto Bermudez, on the Pachitea or Pichis river, the terminus of a government road and telegraph line, a wireless system connects with Massisea on the Ucayali, and thence with Iquitos, on the Maranon-a distance of 930 m. The inland port of Iquitos, on the Maranon, is also rated as first class, and enjoys special privileges because of its distance from the national. The Hevea is found along the water-courses of the lowlands, which includes the large tributaries of the Maranon, while the caucho species flourish on higher ground, above 900 ft. Pataz, Huanuco, Chuquitambo, Huancavelica, Cuzco, Cotabambas, Aymares, Paucartambo, Santo Domingo and Sandia; the latter wholly on the Amazon slope, in the country about the Pongo de Manseriche and at Chuquibamba, both on the upper Maranon, in the districts of Pataz, Huanuco, Aymares and Antabamba (Apurimac), Paucartambo and Quippicauchi (Cuzco), and Sandia and Carabaya (Puno). The upper valley of the Maranon has undeveloped gold-bearing lodes. In addition to the foregoing the government has a few small river boats on the Maranon and its tributaries, which are commanded by naval officers and used to maintain the authority of the republic and carry on geographical and hydrographical work. The latter state claimed sovereignty over the Napo and Maranon rivers on the grounds of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction exercised over this section of territory during the period of Spanish dominion, the government of Colombia asserting that these ecclesiastical rights to which Colombia became entitled after her separation from the Spanish crown carried also the right of absolute ownership. In a treaty signed by the three interested states in 1895 a compromise was effected by which Colombia withdrew a part of the claim advanced, and it was agreed that any further differences arising out of this frontier question should be submitted to the arbitration of the Spanish crown. Of the Maranon river. Lying partly on the arid coast, partly in the high Cordilleras and partly in the valley of the Maranon, it has every variety of climate and productions. The town is near the Maranon and Jigue rivers, on a plain from which hills rise on all sides except the E., on which side it is open to the winds of the plateau. The city has a large import and export trade for an immense region watered by the Maranon, Huallaga, Ucayali and other large Amazonian rivers navigated from Iquitos by lines of small boats. Maranon, the name given to the upper Amazon), a northern state of Brazil, bounded N. From the Santiago river, a western affluent of the Maranon, the boundary line runs south-west and west across the Andes to the head waters of the Macara, down that stream to the Chira, or Achira,whose channel marks the frontier down to about 80° 17' W., where a small stream (the Rio Alamo) enters from the north. There are two distinct hydrographic systems in Ecuador - the streams that flow south-eastward to the Maranon, or Amazon, and those which flow westward to the Pacific. The southern Ravers. Like most of the large Amazon tributaries, its discharge into the Maranon is through several distinct channels. The other rivers which flow through the Oriente territory of Ecuador into the Maranon are the Tigre, Pastaza, Morona and Santiago. It enters the Maranon very near the 74th meridian. After flowing southward along the base of the high Andes for a short distance and receiving a number of torrents from the snowclad heights, it turns south-eastward across the plain and enters the Maranon about 70 m. The Morona follows a very tortuous course before entering the Maranon, at long. The Santiago, which enters the Maranon near the Pongo de Manseriche, is formed by the confluence of the Paute, which rises in the province of Azuay, and the Zamora, which has its source among the mountains of Loja. The Maranon river forms the greater part of its W. The capital, Chachapoyas, is a small town (pop. about 6000) situated on a tributary of the Maranon, 7600 ft. We are disposed to agree with the Brazilian historian Constancio that Maranon is derived from the Spanish word marana, a tangle, a snarl, which well represents the bewildering difficulties which the earlier explorers met in navigating not only the entrance to the Amazon, but the whole island-bordered, river-cut and indented coast of the now Brazilian province of Maranhao. It is generally accepted by geographers that the Maranon, or Upper Amazon, rises in the little lake, Lauricocha, in io° 30' S. There is a difference among geographers as to where the Maranon ends and the Amazon begins, or whether both names apply to the same river. The Pongo de Manseriche, at the base of the Andes and the head of useful navigation, seems to be the natural terminus of the Maranon; and an examination of the hydrographic conditions of the great valley makes the convenience and accuracy of this apparent. Raimondi terminates the Maranon at the mouth of the Ucayali, Reclus the same, both following the missionary fathers of the colonial period. De la Condamine uses " Amazon " and " Maranon " indiscriminately and considers them one and the same. Wolf, apparently uncertain, carries the " Maranon or Amazon " to the Peruvian frontier of Brazil at Tabatinga. The former accepted the name Maranon in Peru, and as the missionaries penetrated the valley they extended the name until they reached the mouth of the Ucayali; while, as the Portuguese ascended the Amazon, they carried this name to the extent of their explorations. The river Maranon rises about too m. Just below this the mountains close in on either side of the Maranon, forming narrows or pongos for a length of 35 m., where, besides numerous whirlpools, there are no less than thirty-five formidable rapids, the series concluding with three cataracts just before reaching the river Imasa or Chunchunga, near the mouth of which La Condamine embarked in the t8th century to descend the Amazon. The Pongo de Manseriche was first named Maranon, then Santiago, and later Manseric, afterwards Mansariche and Manseriche, owing to the great numbers of parrakeets found on the rocks there. Through this dark canon the Maranon leaps along, at times, at the rate of 12 m. He fitted out an expedition at Loxa in Ecuador, descended the Rio Santiago to the Maranon, passed through the perilous Pongo in 1557 and invaded the country of the Maynas Indians. There is an ancient tradition of the savages of the vicinity that one of their gods descending the Maranon and another ascending the Amazon to communicate with him, they opened the pass called the Pongo de Manseriche. Swollen by their many affluents, they reach the lowlands and unite their waters to form the Santiago, which flows into the Maranon at the head of the Pongo de Manseriche. In the 16th century the Spanish explorer Orellana asserted that he had come into conflict with fighting women in South America on the river Maranon, which was named after them the Amazon or river of the Amazons, although others derive its name from the Indian amassona (boat-destroyer), applied to the tidal phenomenon known as the " bore."

<urn:uuid:ac98f70a-c5c5-4f4e-91f9-bf3de6e1de4b>

A Selection of games for numeracy and literacy to use as warm ups, brain breaks or extension activities for fast finishers. Fairy Tale themed with BLM that can printed off and coloured in to keep them busy. Number of the day Categories worksheet and game What are your spelling words wor Fairy Tales and Fables are the cornerstone of literacy in the Early Grades. This unit of work has all bases covered across a range of subject areas, bunting for you to print and use in your display, printable worksheets and lapbooks and links to 35 of the best websites available for you to access f Bring your narrative story writing to 'life' with this set of Dragon and Fairy Tale themed story templates. This set comprises 10 different scenes, (including a blank for students to create their own setting) a set of suggested characters, and a narrative scaffold all in one. As students work on the Bonus Game Pack This bundle includes my 3 best selling fairy tale and folk themed activities. Read each product description to find out more. Thank you so much for your ongoing support, and be sure to provide feedback to earn TPT credits.

<urn:uuid:b81dfa5b-189f-4ec5-aeb7-37aa26da2275>

Edwards’ syndrome affects how long a baby may survive. Sadly, most babies with Edwards’ syndrome will die before or shortly after being born. A small number (about 13 in 100) babies born alive with Edwards’ syndrome will live past their 1st birthday. Can you live a normal life with Edwards syndrome? Edwards’ syndrome and life expectancy The full form of Edwards’ syndrome is considered to be a life-limiting condition which means it affects how long the baby can live. Around 5 in 10 (52.5%) may live longer than 1 week and around 1 in 10 (12.3%) may live longer than 5 years. Can you have a healthy baby after Trisomy 18? Therefore, the vast majority of parents with an affected fetus or child go on to have normal children. Parental mosaicism has been reported in a few cases, and recurrence of different trisomies (involving a chromosome other than 18) has also been reported. How many people have survived Edwards syndrome? Edwards syndrome occurs in around 1 in 5,000 live births. Some studies suggest that more babies that survive to birth are female. Many of those affected die before birth. |Prognosis||5–10% survive past a year old| |Frequency||1 per 5,000 births| What is the outcome of Edwards syndrome? Sadly, the outcomes for babies born with Edwards Syndrome are not good, including:1 Half of the infants do not survive beyond the first week of life. About 90% to 95% of children will die before their first birthday. Some children survive to the teenage years, but with serious medical and developmental problems. Can you see Edwards syndrome on ultrasound? Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards’ syndrome, is a genetic disorder that affects babies and can often be diagnosed before birth. A fetal ultrasound during pregnancy can show features that are suggestive of trisomy 18, and the detection rate is about 90% during pregnancy weeks 14-21. Are there any treatments for Edwards syndrome? There is no definitive treatment for Edwards syndrome. Health care providers and parents often have difficulty in making treatment decisions. Parents of the child with Edward syndrome often have to decide between palliative care (or comfort care) and prolonging life with intensive treatment or surgery. Which trisomy is not compatible with life? Trisomy 18 and a similar diagnosis, trisomy 13, are among a few congenital syndromes traditionally described in the medical literature as “incompatible with life.” Trisomy 18 occurs in 1 in 5,000 live births, and trisomy 13 in 1 in 16,000; survival statistics for both diagnoses are equally poor. Can trisomy 18 be prevented? There is no cure for trisomy 18 or trisomy 13. We are not certain how to prevent the chromosomal error that causes trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. To date, there is no scientific evidence that a parent could have done anything to cause or prevent the birth of their baby with trisomy 18 or 13. What would life be like for a child with Edwards syndrome? Mosaic Edwards’ syndrome This can lead to milder effects of the condition, depending on the number and type of cells that have the extra chromosome. Most babies with this type of Edward’s syndrome who are born alive will live for at least a year, and they may live to adulthood. What is the oldest someone has lived with Edwards syndrome? Oklahoma City woman is one of the oldest in the world with this rare genetic disorder. OKLAHOMA CITY — An Oklahoma City woman just became the likely second-oldest person in the world with her genetic disorder. Megan Hayes recently celebrated her 40th birthday and she has Trisomy 18, or Edwards syndrome. How do you know if your baby has Edwards syndrome? But the only definite way to diagnose Edwards syndrome is through genetic testing. This can be done while the baby is in the womb using chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis. Both these tests have a risk of miscarriage. You can talk to your obstetrician or midwife about this. What gender does Edwards syndrome affect? Edward’s syndrome affects more girls than boys – around 80 percent of those affected are female. Women older than the age of thirty have a greater risk of bearing a child with the syndrome, although it may also occur with women younger than thirty. What are the chances of my baby having Edwards syndrome? If the screening test shows that the chance of the baby having Down’s syndrome, Edwards’ syndrome or Patau’s syndrome is higher than 1 in 150 – that is, anywhere between 1 in 2 and 1 in 150 – this is called a higher-chance result. What is the long term outlook for a child with Edwards syndrome? Most children born with Edwards’ syndrome die within their first year of life. The average lifespan is less than two months for 50 percent of the children, and 90–95 percent die before their first birthday. The 5–10 percent of children who survive their first year have severe developmental disabilities. What is a trisomy baby? A “trisomy” means that the baby has an extra chromosome in some or all of the body’s cells. In the case of trisomy 18, the baby has three copies of chromosome 18. This causes many of the baby’s organs to develop in an abnormal way.

<urn:uuid:3c9bd920-e3d2-442a-864e-2b319eff5170>

Have students prepare a time line of recent South African history, beginning with the Sharpeville Massacre of Her courage speaks louder than the consequences she will face with her husband. Education term papers Disclaimer: Johannes makes a decision that will forever affect him. It seems as though her husband is dealing with a great amount of jealously. The mother and children must scavenge for food in garbage dumps. After, he realizes all the trouble and hard work his mother went through, he promises his mother that he will forever go to school. With the help of American tennis player Stan Smith, whom he meets at a tournament, his dream becomes a reality. In this autobiography, Mark Mathabane describes his childhood and youth growing up in the black ghetto of Alexandra in South Africa during the s and s. Have individual students or groups make a list of these effects and share their lists with the entire class. Suggest that students create a poster promoting interracial cooperation and understanding. In this powerful and inspiring memoir, Mathabane depicts the terrible toll of apartheid on the lives of individuals, while at the same time portraying the incredible strength of the human spirit. Mathabane excels in school, and, inspired by African-American tennis player Arthur Ashe, he takes up tennis. Johannes sees school differently after he learns that his mother has always wanted to go to school. Even though segregation is no longer legal in the United States, the lingering effects of racism and discrimination are still apparent throughout the country today. She does not let anything get in the way of her ambition. Even though her husband disapproves, she will not let anything get in her way, but now her desires for her son to be educated are stronger. He, himself being uneducated seems to be the result of not comprehending how valuable an education is. Unlike her husband, she wants Johannes to have a future and getting an education is the only way for a future. Have students investigate the life and work of one of the famous anti-apartheid leaders mentioned in Kaffir Boy, such as Steve Biko, Nelson Mandela, or Robert Sobukwe. Johannes is extremely upset with his father because he beat his mother, and is also upset since his own father does not want him to be educated. We started arguing, and one thing let to another. Invite students to work together as a class or in small groups to share what they know about life in South Africa during the second half of the 20th century. Tell students to research news magazines, newspapers, and the Internet to extend their time line up to the present. You might display these posters in the classroom or school hallway. Students then write a biographical sketch of the person, telling how he or she hoped to bring down apartheid. During the student uprisings of the s, Mathabane participates in protests against apartheid, but he dreams of escaping from South Africa entirely by gaining a tennis scholarship to an American university. But what a battle it was, it took me nearly a year to get all them papers together. Kaffir Boy contains elements that some readers may find offensive, including scenes of violence and child abuse. The free Education research paper Struggle For Education essay presented on this page should not be viewed as a sample of our on-line writing service. Free essays on Education posted on this site were donated by anonymous users and are provided for informational use only. He and his family live in a two-room shack with no running water, heat, or electricity.Kaffir Boy, Mark Mathabane’s autobiography of growing up under apartheid, one encounters a primary account of the Bantu educational system, providing a unique perspective on the scholastic experience for black students in the 60s and 70s. This is seen in the book Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathabane, It is a struggle for many families to send their children to schools, especially those living in the poor townships. This is a prime example of how that mindset is not the same in South Africa. Education does not guarantee a job, money, or an “easier” life. It also does not mean. Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa Kaffir Boy is an autobiography by Mark Mathabane that focuses on his life and the struggles he faced growing up in South Africa during Apartheid. Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography--The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa [Mark Mathabane] on ultimedescente.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The classic story of life in Apartheid South Africa. Mark Mathabane was weaned on devastating poverty and schooled in the cruel streets of South Africa's most desperate /5(). In his autobiography, Kaffir Boy, Mark Mathabane demonstrates the hardships of growing up in the black ghetto of Alexandra in South Africa during the s and s. Throughout this book, we examine their daily struggles to survive under South Africa's system of apartheid. Despite the frequent 3/5(2). Kaffir Boy / Brief Summary ; enabling him to continue his education. When Mark's grandmother starts working as a gardener for a kind white family, it opens two important doors for Mark: books and tennis. The Smiths send comic books and classics like Treasure Island home with Granny for her grandson. Mark's voracious reading teaches .Download

<urn:uuid:a77e72d2-956e-4e04-ab8d-852f7c22d219>

Join us on March 30th, 2022 for… The first history of the United States told from the perspective of its indigenous peoples. Today in the United States, there are more than five hundred federally recognized Indigenous nations comprising nearly three million people, descendants of the fifteen million Native people who once inhabited this land. The centuries-long genocidal program of the US settler-colonial regimen has largely been omitted from history. Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz offers a history of the United States told from the perspective of Indigenous peoples and reveals how Native Americans, for centuries, actively resisted expansion of the US empire. Spanning more than four hundred years, this classic bottom-up peoples’ history radically reframes US history and explodes the silences that have haunted our national narrative.

<urn:uuid:ea13abbc-47c0-47b6-9c59-625aa9379682>

Mastotermes darwiniensis or the giant northern termite is renowned for its large size and voracious eating habit. It is the most destructive species, as it can cause significant damage in a short time period. However, it is only confined to specific areas in the tropics. - Mastotermes darwiniensis (only species in the genus) - Also knowns as the giant northern termite or Darwin termite Northern regions of Australia. Generally considered endemic north of the Tropic of Capricorn although an introduced population on the Gold Coast has survived and slowly spread over a ten-year period. Mastotermes nest almost exclusively underground in the root crown of trees, inside or under logs, tree stumps, under piles of timber, under houses etc. - Multi-site nester – meaning one colony can nest in multiple locations. They can readily form secondary nests with reproductives, in addition to the primary nest - Under natural conditions they form medium sized colonies that can number many thousands of termites. However, in developed or agricultural areas where there is an abundant water source (eg. irrigation) and plentiful food the colonies can become many times bigger The large size of the termites and associated galleries in damaged timbers plus where they are found makes identification easy. The soldier ranges in length from 11.5 – 13 mm and have a round shaped head with strong mandibles. - They have a voracious appetite and cause havoc for building owners, farmers (mango, sugar cane, citrus, grape), electricity suppliers (poles and underground cables), tree growers and councils (trees and palms in parks etc). - They are one of the few termites to readily consume healthy wood / trees and are a major pest in some agricultural areas - The galleries in timber tend to be very large and relatively clean compared to other species. - Mudding tends to be dark grey (depending on soil type) in colour and very grainy. In a matter of months, they can cause extensive damage to timber in service. Mastotermes is by far the most destructive termite in terms of the amount of damage that can occur in a relatively short period. However being confined to relatively unpopulated areas of Australia, Coptotermes is easily the most economically significant genus in Australia. - Stage 1 treatment (curative) – dusting and foaming work well - Stage 2 treatment (preventative) – soil applied liquids applied correctly work well Current baiting products have proved to be ineffective although a recent baiting product has claimed some efficacy against Mastotermes. - If the main nest is destroyed, remnant populations can produce neotenics (secondary reproductives) and start a fully functional colony - Mastotermes is the most ancient living genus in the world and is the closest termite relative to the cockroaches

<urn:uuid:73a8fdbb-a2a6-4046-8ff6-f2c0ec2b9919>

If you’re curious about Grand Canyon geology and looking for a good viewpoint to peer into the inner Grand Canyon, Yavapai Observation Station on the South Rim is made to order. When the Grand Canyon became a national park in 1919, the Canyon’s importance to the study of geology was already well known. The National Park Service, as well as educational and scientific leaders around the country, soon began looking for a way to convey the wealth of geological information exposed at the Grand Canyon to visitors so that they could more fully understand and appreciate what they were experiencing. The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, Carnegie Institution of Washington (now known as the Carnegie Institution for Science), and the American Association of Museums consulted with each other and decided to design and fund a small trailside geology museum for the park. The museum planners called upon some of the premier scientific minds in the nation to help design exhibits for this facility, including men from the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, and Geological Society of America.1 There were many stories to be told about the Canyon, but these men concluded that the structure should be used to emphasize the geologic story of how the Canyon was created. After a great deal of study, the group determined that Yavapai Point was the best place to locate this structure because all the major features of canyon geology they wanted to interpret could be seen from that rim viewpoint. It thereby became known as “the key to the Grand Canyon.”2 Constructed of native Kaibab limestone and ponderosa pine, this building was the first museum and formal interpretive structure in Grand Canyon National Park. It was also just the third formal interpretive structure built in the national park system, preceded only by two other structures in Yosemite National Park built in the 1920s. The building is an example of park rustic architecture, which incorporates local materials into its design as a way of blending into its environment. The structure was completed in 1928 using the designs of Herbert Maier. Maier, also known for his structures in Yellowstone and Yosemite National Parks, designed the building to “fit into the landscape rather than to dominate it” by mimicking the flat rim surface with a flat roof and molding the station’s terrace to the contours of the canyon rim. Although it was originally known as the Yavapai Point Trailside Museum, for many years GCNP superintendents and naturalists alike strongly resisted the designation of “museum” for the site and insisted that it be called an “observation station.” Instead of a place with dry exhibits set behind panes of glass, they wanted it to be a place for the dynamic exchange of ideas, where the public could come to see and hear the story of the Canyon and leave with a deeper sense of connection to it. Because of both its architecture and its emphasis on interactive interpretation, Yavapai Observation Station became a model of interpretive facilities for national parks throughout the country. The early station was originally open to the weather, with one room serving as an observation area and another as an exhibit area. Edwin McKee, a personality who looms large in the history of interpretation at the Grand Canyon as the park’s chief naturalist for most of its first decade, set up the first exhibits at Yavapai Observation Station. He and his assistant Louis Schellbach, who later became chief naturalist himself, left a lasting imprint on canyon interpretation through their dynamic talks and enthusiasm for presenting the geologic history of the canyon. An employee later recalled that crowds loved Louis Schellbach’s lectures because he was a “superb” interpreter whose animated facial expressions and dramatic stories entertained and delighted audiences.3 In the 1950s, Chief Naturalist Paul Schulz identified the daily Yavapai Observation Station lecture as the single most important duty of naturalists at the canyon because “that was the Park story, the whole damn story.”4 When Schulz worked there, the talk lasted from 45 minutes to an hour with no illustrations except the canyon behind him. In this relatively brief period of time, the ranger was supposed to talk about how the canyon was formed, life through the ages, the canyon as a barrier, indigenous ethnology, and more. McKee’s and Schellbach’s popular interpretive talks made the canyon’s geologic history more accessible to the public, as did the popular fifteen telescopes and several sets of binoculars mounted in the station for visitor use. When viewed in consecutive order they were meant to show the geological story of the canyon chronologically, as well as provide a closer look at Phantom Ranch, the North Rim, and other sites.5 The interior of the station also showcased the canyon’s history through exhibits including a model of the Grand Canyon, samples of its geological layers, plant and animal fossils, specimens of modern flora and fauna common to the region, and maps and charts for public use. The station had an exterior border of gardens using wild native plants of the canyon to display the diversity of plant life at the park, from the Canadian Zone of the North Rim to the Lower Sonoran Zone of the Inner Canyon. This building underwent a few alterations to arrive at the layout we see today. To provide a bit more protection from the elements, park architects in the 1950s enclosed the observation deck of the building with glass windows and added more public seating for the popular interpretive lectures given by the NPS staff. Though much of the rest of the park shut down operations during World War II, Yavapai Observation Station was deemed so important that it remained open for the duration of the war, with interpretive talks still given daily. By 1950, Yavapai Observation Station, “the only one in the park offering Grand Canyon’s ‘full story,’” had become so crowded that motorists parked in the woods along the road a quarter mile away to attend programs.6 Yavapai Observation Station was never large enough to handle the crowds that kept flocking there, and problems such as a lack of funding often left the small interpretive workforce unable to update displays or provide the kinds of programs they dreamed of at this site. Despite these setbacks, the Yavapai Observation Station endured as a popular viewpoint and interpretive facility for visitors to the canyon’s South Rim. In 1990, the structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places and rededicated as the Yavapai Observation Station with a bookstore inside. More recently, the Yavapai Observation Station underwent renovations starting in 2005, and on May 24, 2007 the building was once again rededicated with new geology interpretive exhibits. Today, Yavapai Observation Station continues to educate and inform visitors about the Grand Canyon in much the same way that it has for the past 80 years. The station’s large interior windows stretch across the building, affording visitors sweeping views of the north rim and the inner canyon. From here, visitors can see the Colorado River, the Black and Silver Bridges stretching across the river, and deep into the canyon. Inside the center, a variety of interpretive displays explain the deposition of the canyon’s stratigraphy, the uplift of the Colorado Plateau, and the role of the Colorado River in carving the Grand Canyon over time. These exhibits are augmented by daily interpretive talks conducted by National Park Service rangers about the Grand Canyon’s geologic history. Written By Sarah Bohl Gerke and Yolonda Youngs 1NARA Box 89 F D3415 Museum building File 1925-1949 [2/2]. J.R. Eakin to Frank Spencer, Dec 2, 1926; John Merriam to Stephen Mather, May 5, 1927. NAU Cline Library MS280 Fred Harvey Co. McKee to Stitt, 1978. McKee lists out the specialists by their topic, including preeminent figures such as geologist N.H. Darton and F.E. Matthes, paleontologist Charles Gilmore, astronomer Fred E. Wright, and geomorphologists and biologists including Harold Bryant, who would later become superintendent of the park. 2NAU Cline Library MS280 Fred Harvey Co. McKee to Stitt, 1978 3Schulz oral history pg 4. 4Schulz oral history pg 3. 5NARA Box 114 K1815 Naturalist and Educational Activities 1930-1945. Schellbach to John R. Fitzsimmons, Nov 26, 1941 6Michael Anderson, Polishing the Jewel: An Administrative History of Grand Canyon National Park (Grand Canyon: Grand Canyon Association, 2000), 51.

<urn:uuid:66c5d11e-b3b7-480a-ae14-2d71f6f8e02c>

This essay explores the implications of the Trayvon Martin case for educators who must contend with the complexities of race in the context of schooling. With the assumption that race continues to function as an important category in social arrangements, this essay addresses the following questions: What is the role of race and racial stereotyping in educational disparities? How can educators work purposely toward a curriculum of racial justice and reconciliation? Drawing on the work of African American theologian and civil rights leader Howard Thurman, this essay argues that new approaches to social justice education should address both the extrapersonal and intrapersonal aspects of antiracist and antioppressive work. “We do not really see through our eyes or hear through our ears, but through our beliefs. To put our beliefs on hold is to cease to exist as ourselves for a moment—that is not easy. It is painful as well, because it means turning yourself inside out, giving up your own sense of who you are, and being willing to see yourself in the unflattering light of another’s angry gaze. It is not easy, but it is the only way we learn what it might feel like to be someone else and the only way to start a dialogue.” Lisa Delpit (1988), The Silenced Dialogue, p. 296 Richards Mayo, Sandra "Chasing the ‘Hounds of Hell’: Howard Thurman’s Jesus and the Disinherited as a Curriculum for Racial Justice and Reconciliation," International Christian Community of Teacher Educators Journal: Vol. 10 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/icctej/vol10/iss1/5

<urn:uuid:d9b5c4a1-63e5-4515-aec8-975db1cb39eb>

We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you! Presentation is loading. Please wait. Published byEric Ruddick Modified about 1 year ago Organs BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson Energy From Food Mouth Teeth: Tear and grind food. Types Incisors - chisel-shaped - cutting Mouth Teeth: Tear and grind food. Types Canines - “eye-teeth” - tearing Mouth Teeth: Tear and grind food. Types Premolars Molars - Broad crowns - grinding Mouth Salivary Glands: Moisten food and contain enzymes for the breakdown of starchy foods. Pharynx Common passageway for food and air. Pharynx Stomach Storage of food and digestion of protein. Stomach Small Intestine Majority of digestion and absorption occurs here. Large Intestine - Sections 1. Cecum 2. Ascending Colon 3. Transverse Colon 4. Descending Colon 5. Sigmoid Colon 6. Rectum 7. Anus Accessory Organs of Digestion Liver: Produces bile to aid in the digestion of lipids. Gall Bladder and Pancreas Pancreas Duodenum Main pancreatic duct Common Bile Duct Cystic Duct Accessory Organs of Digestion Gallbladder: Stores bile until it is released into the small intestine. Accessory Organs of Digestion Pancreas: Produces many types of enzymes used in the small intestine to digest food. Surface Anatomy - Anterior View Receives blood returning from the body Right Atrium Returns blood to right atrium from upper parts of the body Superior Vena Cava (Precava) Receives blood from right atrium & pumps it into the pulmonary artery. Right Ventricle Pumps blood to the lungs. Pulmonary Artery Receives blood from the lungs. Left Atrium Receives blood from the left atrium & pumps it into the aorta. Left Ventricle Pumps blood to the body. Aorta Supply oxygen, hormones & nutrients to the tissues of the heart. Coronary Arteries Remove carbon dioxide and wastes from the tissues of the heart. Cardiac Veins Heart - Posterior View Returns blood from inferior parts of the body to the right atrium. Inferior Vena Cava (Postcava) Return blood from the lungs to the left atrium. Pulmonary Veins Major Arteries of the Body Aortic Arch Abdominal Aorta Brachiocephalic External IliacInternal Iliac Femoral Arteries of the Legs Arteries of the Head & Neck Arteries of the Arm & Shoulder Subclavian Axillary Major Veins of the Body Major Veins of the Head & Neck Major Veins of Arm & Shoulder Brachial Vein Subclavian Vein Major Veins of the Abdomen External Iliac Internal Iliac Common Iliac Renal Inferior Vena Cava Major Veins of the Legs Internal Iliac Vein External Iliac Common Iliac Vein Larynx Thymus Lung Heart Cat Dissection #2 Cardiovascular System. Right common carotid artery Right brachial artery Right axillary artery Right subclavian artery Brachiocephalic. Cat Dissection Digestive Labs. Frontal sinus Sphenoidal sinus Nasal cavity Palate Oral cavity Tongue Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Esophagus. Blood Vessels & Circulation Cardiovascular System - 2 for student copy. BLOOD VESSELS & CIRCULATION Anatomy & Physiology. Trachea Rt Atrium Esophagus Lung Trachea Thyroid Lt Common Carotid Artery Thymus Larynx. Fetal Pig Dissection Review Mrs. Bormann, Mrs. Ippolito, Mrs. Olson, Mr. Shucha, and Mrs. Knapp. Chapter 18: Anatomy of the Blood Vessels Chapter 18: Anatomy of the Blood Vessels. ARTERIAL SYSTEM Major Arteries exiting the heart: ● PULMONARY ARTERIES (from heart to lungs) ● AORTA. Arteries & Veins To Know For Practical. Parts of Intrinsic Conduction System Sinoatrial Node (SA node) - the pacemaker; where the action potential originates, Mink Dissection Review. Menu Neck & Thoracic Cavity Abdominal Cavity Heart Blood Vessels Urinary System Reproductive Systems. Circulatory System Review Sheet 7A. Mouth/oral cavity Salivary glands esophagus liver pancreas stomach Large intestine rectum anus Small intestine Gall. Blood Vessels. Arterial Branches of Systemic Circulation All are branches from aorta supplying arms, head, lower limbs and all viscera with O2 from the. Blood Flow Through the Heart. Right Lung Left Lung. Rat Dissection Review. Rat Dissection 1.Trachea 2.Heart 3.Lung 4.Diaphragm Source #2 THORACIC CAVITY. Functional Anatomy of Blood Vessels. Special Circulations Pulmonary Circulation Right ventricle ↓ Pulmonary trunk ↓ Right and left pulmonary arteries. BIG TUESDAY CLICKER!!!!. What is this structure? 1.Ovary 2.Testes 3.Uterus 4.Fallopian Tube 5.Kidney 6.Ureter 7.Bladder. Trachea Heart Esophagus Lung Trachea Thyroid Lt Common Carotid Artery Larynx Rt Common Carotid Artery. Digestive System (Gastrointestinal) Functions of the Digestive system: 1.Intake and digestion of food 2.Absorption of nutrients from digested food 3.Elimination. VENOUS SYSTEM Chapter 13 Cardiovascular System. Venous System Returns blood to the heart after blood and body cells exchange gases, nutrients, and wastes. The Fetal Pig A Photographic Record. Complete Dissection. REVIEW Nutrition & Transport. 1. Explain what a food label tells you. The nutritional facts found in processed foods. Radiographic Physiology Cardiovascular System Arteries and Veins Cardiovascular System. Mink Dissection. Mink Prelab Safety first! RESPECT the Mink External Anatomy Clean up is crucial! Chapter 18 The Digestive System. General info: General info: Basic “tube-within-a-tube” Basic “tube-within-a-tube” Digestion by mechanical & chemical. Digestive System Functions of the Digestive system: 1.Intake and digestion of food 2.Absorption of nutrients from digested food 3.Elimination of solid. By: Ardi Malek Boushehri Drew Simon. Function of Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular systems main function is to maintain blood flow to all parts. Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Arteries of the head and trunk Internal carotid. Side view Dissection of the Fetal Pig (Sus scrofa) place where latex paint was injected into the jugular vein and the carotid artery 1.umbilical cord- 21-1 Lecture 19 Circulatory System II Capillary Network Capillary network made of arterial and venous capillaries Venules drain network Blood flows. Circulatory System. Cardiovascular System Includes heart, blood, blood vessels Moves materials to all parts of your body – Movement of materials into. HEART MODEL I Anterior View Apex Ascending Aorta Aortic Arch Auricle of Left Atrium Auricle of Right Atrium Pulmonary Trunk Superior Vena Cava Left & Right. Human Circulatory System Major Vessels Starred Slides for Quizzes. Lab # 3 Blood Vessels Anatomy. Arteries Veins Capillaries They carry blood away from the heart (they are efferent vessels) They carry blood back to (toward) Human Anatomy & Physiology Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Digestive System. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides – Seventh Edition. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Lab Exercise: Anatomy of Blood Vessels. Blood Vessel Histology. Pulse Pressure: Difference between the systolic and diastolic measurements (Remember systolic is the number on the top of the ratio) Ex: 120/80 means that. Ascending aorta R & L coronary artery Figure 20.9a, b Coronary Circulation: Veins. Sex determinationMale Female Male 8- urethra 9- scrotum 11- anus 6- umbilical cord. Function of Digestive System Digestion The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods for use by the body’s cells Absorption The passage of digested. Exercise 36 Blood vessels. The wall of the blood vessels Three distinct layers Tunica intima Lines the lumen Simple squamous epithelium endothelium and. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter 3. Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components, to a form that can be absorbed, for. Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 1 GastroIntestinal System Revision of anatomy and physiology. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS. DIGESTION The process of changing complex foods into simpler soluble forms that can be used by the body. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Mr. Z’s Cool Science Classes. Digestive System Digestion- process by which foods are changed into forms the body can use. Animal Nutrition Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins C and D Calcium Iron Fiber Ingestion Egestion Minerals (Salts, Calcium and Iron) Balanced. FEMALE RAT DISSECTION - NIGEL CARDOZO - 11B BIOLOGY. © 2017 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.

<urn:uuid:97822938-86f9-484f-ae60-6f8b9d950ed5>

J1-102 Changing Directions Bicyclists must obey all traffic signs, signals, lights and markings as if operating a motor vehicle. Bicyclists must signal intentions to stop or turn. The signals do not have to be given continuously if both hands are needed to control the bicycle. Bicyclists must make left turns as pedestrians would: continue straight across the intersecting road, obey the traffic signals, turn left at the corner and proceed as usual. Bicyclists may also dismount and walk in the crosswalks of the two intersecting roads.

<urn:uuid:bd342768-534e-4912-b283-9726efaf6f3d>

Tips for cat owners Desexing pet cats is strongly recommended for a number of reasons. They can become more affectionate, better companions and often live longer healthier lives. Desexing also reduces: - Risk of injury from cat fights - The cost of registration - Cancer and diseases of the reproductive organs - Anti-social behaviours, like spraying and yowling - Spread of unwanted feral cats Dogs and cats Both dogs and cats need lots of love, company, regular fresh food and water, vaccinations, worming, tick and flea treatments and regular vet checks. You should also check that your contact details on their microchip are up to date. And it’s essential that you register your pet with Council. With cats, it’s important to: - Make sure cats are kept indoors at night to protect wildlife and keep them safe - Ensure they wear a collar with a name tag - Put a number of bells on the collar to protect wildlife - Provide lots of toys and entertainment for indoor cats - Prevent unwanted breeding: cats can breed from 4 months of age and have 3 litters a year With a dog, it’s important to: - Make sure they have enough toys to keep occupied. This will minimise barking and keep your dog happy. - Walk your dog: Exercised it for at least 30 minutes to 1 hour daily. - Keep it on a leash and under effective control when in public. Designated Off-Leash areas are an exception. - Put a collar with name tag and contact details on them. - Clean up after your dog goes to the toilet in a public area. - Have your dog properly trained to address: - Territorial boundaries - Social skills

<urn:uuid:5bf33943-3fab-471a-abe3-108d4cf129f2>

Hyperhidrosis in medical terms relates to a situation where the body in different locations is sweating more than the physiological needs. Sweat in general is one of the methods the body tries to control basic body needs for temperature. Excessive sweating can be divided into two major groups. Generalized Hyperhidrosis – Body Sweating: In certain illnesses such as infections, endocrine disorders, cancer and aging processes (elderly) the body can react with all over the body sweating. In this particular clinical presentation a search for the underlying cause is needed in order to help with this generalized total body sweating. Local Hyperhidrosis – Hands, Feet, Armpits In this clinical presentation which affects between 1.5 to 2% of the population otherwise healthy people without any underlying illnesses develop excessive sweating. Local hyperhidrosis typically starts at an early age. Those afflicted with moderate to severe cases will likely experience social and day to day functional challenges. In more than 50% of the cases hyperhidrosis is hereditary. Males vs Females with Hyperhidrosis Both men and women are affected. Women are typically more aware and therefore affected by symptoms of hyperhidrosis. So far there are no statistical studies to prove the difference in presentation between male and females but the impression is that females are affected by a higher percentage than males. Do I have hyperhidrosis? Sweating is normal however if your sweating goes well beyond the physiological needs of the body it can be classified as hyperhidrosis. There are different levels of hyperhidrosis (mild, moderate, severe). Common Symptoms of local hyperhidrosis: - Clammy or wet Palms or Feet - Frequent sweating for no apparent reason - Excessive sweating to the point of dripping Learn more about the common symptoms of hyperhidrosis. How severe is my hyperhidrosis? - Mild – Moisture throughout the day - Moderate – Wet enough to leave marks on whatever you touch - Severe – Continually Dripping sweat (less during sleep) Hyperhidrosis is subjective, it is felt and experienced by the patient, their family, close friends and whoever interacts with them closely. The individual with hyperhidrosis defines how much this interferes with his or her life. Unfortunately in the medical community there is not enough recognition and knowledge about it because it affects only about 1.5% to 2% of the world’s population. Many healthcare providers have never even seen the condition. Fortunately now thanks to the world wide web information about this condition is more readily available, shared and it gives the patients and their families the ability to educate themselves and find the appropriate treatment. Can Hyperhidrosis be cured by itself? Unfortunately in the vast majority of the cases hyperhidrosis will not cure itself on its own. Obviously medicine is not an exact science so there are some rare exceptions where hyperhidrosis does go away. As a general rule patients who are suffering from severe for cases of hyperhidrosis where there is a history in the family of hyperhidrosis the chances of the disease being eliminated by itself are extremely slim. Having said that the necessity to try some alternative / conservative methods to treat it is an essential part of the decision making process. Hopefully after reading this website more light will be shed on this problem helping those suffering make better decisions. For more information specific to your condition, please contact us.

<urn:uuid:a335a428-5576-4582-84dd-d3c27ea174a9>

I have named them Marmalade and Sooty. Early morning would always see them arriving for a hazelnut breakfast. Sooty - young male red squirrel. Sooty would always travel up to the feeder using the low stone wall to the side of the woodland walk. Occasionally he tried the rope handrails to get to the feeders. Obviously his balance skills are needing more practice. Marmalade always came from a different direction in the mornings.She liked to creep around the back of the trees to reach hazelnuts I had carefully placed. Her skills in retrieving hazelnuts over the two week observation period were brilliant. No matter where I hid the nuts she discovered them. Marmalade seemed to enjoy eating a hazelnut breakfast upside down. She did this on several mornings. Sooty would grab hold of a hazelnut between his paws, turning it several times to determine its contents. Sometimes he would find a bad nut and discard it - a lighter nut may have a shrivelled or absent kernel. This next photo shows Sooty breaking into the hazelnut using his front two sharp incisors. His teeth will continue to grow throughout his life-time as they are worn away at the tip, just like our fingernails. Sooty opening a hazelnut can be heard from quite a distance - his teeth gnawing at the shell. If you are in the woodland walk you will know if a squirrel is in the area because you can hear its teeth working away, like little bandsaws. I observed how Marmalade seems to clasp her nuts in her mouth and then be intent on burying them. I hope she can remember where her buried nuts are in winter. I did wonder if another red squirrel is just as likely to find the buried nut in winter. Both Marmalade and Sooty open a hazelnut by notching the point,and then cracking the shell neatly in two.They then might hold both parts of the shell until the kernel has been eaten,or might use one half as a saucer. I watched many times as Marmalade and Sooty used one half of the nut as a saucer. Alternatively,some red squirrels might hold the nut, and tear off chunks of shell until the kernel can be extracted. Possibly they could learn either technique from their mother. The above photo shows how a squirrel might tear chunks from the nut to gain access to the kernel The following photograph shows a nut opened by Marmalade or Sooty.They both use the method of using one half as a saucer. In my two weeks of observation on Marmalade and Sooty I was sometimes joined by other Underscar owners.They were as delighted as myself to see the red squirrel colony looking so healthy.

<urn:uuid:3ea8ccd2-d368-45e1-a4f1-16a79af30ae3>

Alcohol is a toxin that most tissues in the body absorb. That means too much of it can harm many of your organs. If you choose to drink alcohol, keep your drinking at low to moderate levels. Excessive drinking is responsible for injury, illness, and death. Call the Poison Hotline—available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year at 1-800-222-1222—for questions regarding alcohol poisoning. If the situation appears serious or life threatening, dial 911 immediately. About Alcohol Poisoning Alcohol includes beer, wine, and liquor. Alcohol affects people differently depending on their gender and age. The Dietary Guidelines for Alcohol recommends that adults of legal drinking age can choose not to drink, or to drink in moderation by limiting how much you drink. Excessive Alcohol Use - Any alcohol use by pregnant women or anyone younger than 21 is considered excessive. - Binge drinking is defined as consuming 4 or more drinks on an occasion for a woman or 5 or more drinks on an occasion for a man. - Heavy drinking is defined as 8 or more drinks per week for a woman or 15 or more drinks per week for a man. Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning - Difficult or very slow breathing - Pale or bluish skin Alcohol and Children - Acute alcohol poisoning in children can be life threatening. - Alcohol can harm children's development and health. - Store and lock away alcohol—out of sight and reach from children. - Hand sanitizers contain a high concentration of alcohol. Drinking hand sanitizers can lead to alcohol poisoning, Teach children to only use hand sanitizers with adult supervision and only use a dime-size amount on the skin. Prevent Alcohol Poisoning Prevent alcohol poisoning by following the tips below. - Store alcohol and hand sanitizers locked out of sight and reach from children. - Do not serve or provide alcohol to those who should not be drinking, including people under the age of 21, or those who have already consumed too much alcohol. - Talk with your healthcare provider about problematic drinking behavior. - The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends: - Women have no more than one drink a day or 7 drinks a week. - Men have no more than 2 drinks a day or 14 drinks a week. - The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism recommends people 65 and older limit themselves to no more than 7 drinks a week. Resources for Alcohol Addiction - Visit California's Mental Health Services Division (MHSD) for a list of mental health programs for children and youth, adults and older adults. - Browse a full list of resources available throughout the state of California. - If you, or a family member, needs help with a mental or substance use disorder, call SAMHSA’s National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) or TTY: 1-800-487-4889, You can also text your zip code to 435748 (HELP4U), or use SAMHSA’s Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator to get help.

<urn:uuid:83875cec-997a-4271-8586-e19a015eafad>

How walk the urinary mechanism work? The body takes nutrients from food and also changes them to energy. After the body has actually taken the food contents that the needs, waste products are left behind in the bowel and in the blood. The kidney and urinary systems help the body to get rid of liquid waste referred to as urea. Lock also aid to keep chemicals (such together potassium and also sodium) and water in balance. Urea is developed when foodstuffs containing protein (such together meat, poultry, and details vegetables) are damaged down in the body. Urea is carried in the blood come the kidneys. This is where it is removed, along with water and also other wastes in the form of urine. The kidneys have actually other important functions. They control blood pressure and produce the hormone erythropoietin. This hormone controls red blood cell manufacturing in the bone marrow. The kidneys also control the acid-base balance and conserve fluids. Click photo to Enlarge Kidney and urinary system parts and also their functions Two kidneys. This pair of purplish-brown organs is located listed below the ribs towards the center of the back. Their duty is to: Remove rubbish products and medicines from the human body Balance the body"s fluids Balance a selection of electrolytes Release hormone to manage blood press Release a hormone to manage red blood cell production Help with bone health by regulating calcium and also phosphorus The kidneys remove urea native the blood with tiny filtering units referred to as nephrons. Each nephron is composed of a ball created of little blood capillaries (glomerulus) and also a small tube referred to as a renal tubule. Urea, along with water and also other waste substances, creates the urine as it passes v the nephrons and down the renal tubules that the kidney. You are watching: The microscopic functional units of each kidney are known as a These small tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Muscle in the ureter walls store tightening and also relaxing. This forces urine downward, far from the kidneys. If to pee backs up, or is allowed to was standing still, a kidney infection have the right to develop. About every 10 come 15 seconds, little amounts of to pee are cleared into the bladder from the ureters. Bladder. This triangle-shaped, hollow body organ is located in the lower belly. That is organized in location by ligaments that space attached to various other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder"s wall surfaces relax and expand to store urine. Castle contract and flatten to empty urine v the urethra. The common healthy adult bladder have the right to store as much as 2 cups of urine because that 2 to 5 hours. Two sphincter muscles. These circular muscles help keep urine indigenous leaking by closing tightly prefer a rubber band approximately the opening of the bladder. Nerves in the bladder. The nerves alarm a human when that is time to urinate, or north the bladder. Urethra. This tube allows urine to pass external the body. The brain signals the bladder muscle to tighten. This squeezes urine out of the bladder. In ~ the exact same time, the mind signals the sphincter muscle to relax to let urine exit the bladder through the urethra. See more: How To Get Surf Pokemon Black ? Minor Detours As soon as all the signals happen in the exactly order, normal urination happens.

<urn:uuid:ed5fa3ff-af27-48d9-be30-7913a73b3a0d>

Medicine Clinical Stages – Lots of folks want to know about exact studies that are medical operate, and the different phases of clinical trials. They are vital for treatments that are marketed for medical care and testing drugs. With these trials, we have the ability to determine whether treatments and drugs are safe and appropriate for treating illnesses. There are several phases to clinical trials, and these are called stages. There are four phases each one aiming to test treatment or a drug in a manner that is different, allowing for the phase to happen. Stages I – This distinguishes them from the in vivo and in vitro tests mentioned where drugs and treatments have been analyzed in either dishes or on animals. Phase I aims to study treatment or a drug on a few of individuals. These people are compensated for their involvement in the trials. Since it is the one where drugs are being used, this is a step in the study. It will analyze the medication treatment then metabolized, is absorbed into the body and excreted from the body. It’s also that this type of drug or treatment’s side effects are analyzed. This is vital for determining a drug’s security. Stage II – can involve a number of patients, and tests involve using another control group that receives a placebo or another therapy and the drug. This will involve participants that suffer that therapy or the medication hopes to tackle. At this point, the drug’s safety will be analyzed to check whether or not it is safe and effective.The next stage is focused on whether therapy or the drug is successful or not. This differs from stage I, where easy and security monitoring of how the drug works in the body is the focus. Stage III – these may entail an even larger number of patients, up to a few thousand of them. This stage lasts several years, which enables researchers to get a comprehensive understanding of it is and how the therapy works. Additionally, it will look over a one in addition to a foundation. This is the point that is most crucial, arguably, as it’s possible for the medication to be approved for marketing. Stage IV – These studies are aimed at comparing the drug to treatments available and other products in the marketplace, and also noting the effects on patients over an extended time period and their quality of life on a daily basis. This is an important stage if they’re considered not safe or because of information gleaned over this period, because some medications can be removed from the market. These are the four stages of clinical trials – they all have the intention of curing illnesses developing new treatments, and advancing health care.

<urn:uuid:cbc01779-624f-401c-9df6-d0532a1a25e4>

William Crookes was the reason for the discovery of thallium and cathode-ray studies which became the fundamental basis for the development of atomic physics. Once Thallium was discovered, William Crookes stumbled on the principle of the Crookes radiometer. Crookes radiometer is a device which converts light radiation into rotary motion. William Crookes’s new theory proved to be useful back then, as number of applications for the development of sensitive measuring instruments were developed. Thomas Alva Edison Thomas Alva Edison was instrumental in introducing the modern day age electricity. From being lauded as the creator of the world’s first industrial research laboratory, Thomas Alva Edison has played a critical role in the invention and development of Kinetography. Being the first early motion picture exhibition device which was designed for films to be viewed by a individual at a time through a peephole viewer window at the top of the device, this Kinetoscope was not a movie projector. Thomas Alva Edison ensured that this would form the basic standard to build on for projection. This was before video was invented. Kinetography was developed by having sequential images over a perforated film. The prototype which was developed by Edison is solely the reason why we are able to see movies and thus began the movie culture. Karl Ferdinand Braun Karl Ferdinand Braun was a German scientist who invented the first cathode ray tube scanning device. This cathode ray tube also known as the cathode ray oscilloscope is an electronic device that was used to produce visible patterns. Cathode ray tube also presented graphical representations of electrical signals. John Logie Baird John Logie Baird was the first person to demonstrate a working television system. With a viable television system, John Logie Baird used a mechanical picture scanning device with electronic amplification at the transmitter and at the receiver. John Logie Baird was also responsible for pursuing the first 3D television, which he called the “stereovision.” By applying the stereoscope principle to television, it has now become possible to transmit television images with the appearance of depth and solidity. Constantin Perskyi a Russian scientist was instrumental in coining the word television in a research paper. Until then, it was not known as television. The French Brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière The Kinetoscope invented in 1892 by Thomas Edison had the French brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière figuring out the possibility of combining both film recording and projection into a single device. Louis Lumière in 1895 founded a three in one device which would record, develop and project motion pictures.

<urn:uuid:18530d33-35a5-44c7-8350-405be98fb300>

Despite a large reduction in AIDS-related deaths as a result of HIV antiretroviral programs, the global incidence of HIV has only decreased by 16% in the past 10 years. One hotspot is in South Africa, where young women in particular face high rates of HIV infection. In a recent study, researchers followed up on their previous observation that female genital tract (FGT) inflammation increases HIV risk by evaluating the relationship between FGT inflammation and microbial function in 113 young South African women at high risk of HIV infection. Using metaproteomics to characterize a total of 3,186 microbial and human proteins from vaginal wall swabs, they found that women with elevated FGT inflammation had increased non-optimal bacteria and decreased lactobacilli. Reduced cell wall organization and peptidoglycan biosynthesis were also associated with high FGT inflammation levels. These results suggest that in addition to the presence or absence of specific microbial taxa in the FGT, their functional profiles are also critical determinants of FGT inflammation, and identify a possible avenue for biotherapeutic development to reduce FGT inflammation and protect against elevated HIV risk. View the accompanying tool for this research at: http://fgtdb.org/.

<urn:uuid:f5ffd80d-37d6-461d-92f2-04c7dfa9df0b>

This species is taken by commercial and artisanal longline and gillnet fisheries throughout its range. It is valued for meat, leather, liver oil and fishmeal. The Caribbean reef shark is the most common shark landed in Colombia (accounting for 39% of the longline catch by occurrence), where it is utilized for its fins, oil and jaws (sold for ornamental purposes). In Belize, this species is mainly caught as bycatch on hook-and-line intended for groupers and snappers; the fins are sold to the lucrative Asian market and the meat sold in Belize, Mexico, and Guatemala to make "panades", a tortilla-like confection. A dedicated shark fishery operated in Belize from the mid-1900s to the early 1990s, until catches of all species saw dramatic declines. The flesh of this species may contain high levels of methylmercury and other heavy metals. On the infrequent occasions when they swim in oceanic waters, grey reef sharks often associate with marine mammals or large pelagic fishes, such as sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus). There is an account of around 25 grey reef sharks following a large pod of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), along with 25 silky sharks (C. falciformis) and a single silvertip shark. Rainbow runners (Elagatis bipinnulata) have been observed rubbing against grey reef sharks, using the sharks' rough skin to scrape off parasites. The Caribbean reef shark is the most common shark on or near coral reefs in the Caribbean. It is a tropical inshore, bottom-dwelling species of the continental and insular shelves. Although C. perezi mainly inhabits shallow waters, it has been recorded to reach depths to at least 98 feet (30 m). Caribbean reef sharks are commonly found close to drop-offs on the outer edges of coral reefs and also may lie motionless on the bottom of the ocean floor. This phenomenon has also been observed in caves off the coast of Mexico and off the Brazilian archipelago of Fernando de Noronha. Measuring up to 3 m (9.8 ft) long, the Caribbean reef shark is one of the largest apex predators in the reef ecosystem, feeding on a variety of fishes and cephalopods. They have been documented resting motionless on the sea bottom or inside caves, unusual behavior for an active-swimming shark. If threatened, it may perform a threat display in which it frequently changes direction and dips its pectoral fins. Like other requiem sharks, it is viviparous with females giving birth to 4–6 young every other year. Caribbean reef sharks are of some importance to fisheries as a source of meat, leather, liver oil, and fishmeal, but recently they have become more valuable as an ecotourist attraction. In the Bahamas and elsewhere, bait is used to attract them to groups of divers in controversial "shark feedings". This species is responsible for a small number of attacks on humans. The shark attacks usually happen in spring and summer. Influenced by the world around them, Reef™ strives to bring you authentic and innovative products meant to nurture an incredibly fortunate lifestyle that involves surf, sensuality and a life filled with happiness. Whether you are looking for Reef™ swimsuits, Reef™ clothing or Reef™ sandals you can be sure that function, comfort and fashion will mesh like a beach breeze and a good time. The Reef story started 25 years ago when two brothers from Argentina Fernando and Santiago Aguerre acted on an idea to produce high quality, comfortable yet stylish sandals. Inspired by their love of the California lifestyle and surfing culture, the brothers moved to California in the early 80's and found Reef sandals. With a tiny amount of start up capital of $4000 and after lots of hard work Reef is now widely considered to be the number one sandal brand in the world.

<urn:uuid:14fd3f5b-e6c0-4379-bc7b-8be840aca1d0>

Sequence and collection are used in arithmetic as well as in our everyday lifestyles. A sequence is likewise referred to as a progression and is developed as a chain via sequence. Sequence and series are simple concepts in mathematics. A collection is an ordered and grouped arrangement of numbers according to certain rules, whereas a chain is the sum of the elements in a sequence. For instance, 2, four, 6, 8 is a chain with four factors and the corresponding series would be 2 + 4 + 6 + eight, in which the sum of the collection or the fee of the collection would be 20. Click here https://getdailytech.com/ There are specific varieties of sequences and collections depending on the set of regulations used to shape the collection and collection. The sequence and series are defined in detail beneath. What Are Series And Collections? A collection is a hard and fast or sequential arrangement of numbers in a specific sequence or set of guidelines. A collection is formed by adding the phrases of a sequence. In a sequence, an individual phrase may be present in many locations. Sequences can be of kinds, namely infinite sequence, and finite collection and the collection can be described by adding the phrases of the sequence. The sum of a limitless number of terms in a sequence is likewise possible in some instances. Let’s find some more interesting topics like these here 62 inches in cm Let us apprehend it with an instance. 1, 3, 5, 7, nine, eleven, … Is a series in which there is a commonplace distinction of two among any terms and the series continues to infinity till an upper limit is given. Such sequences are referred to as mathematics sequences. Now if we add the numbers in series like 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9… It’s going to shape a series of this sequence. This type of collection is called an arithmetic collection. Sequence And Series Types There are different varieties of sequences and collections, on this segment, we are able to discuss a number of the unique and most generally used sequences and series. The sorts of sequence and series are: - Arithmetic Sequence and Series - Geometric sequences and collection - Harmonic Sequence and Series Arithmetic Sequence And Series An arithmetic sequence is a series where the successive term is both the addition or subtraction of the common time period that’s called the not unusual difference. For instance, 1, four, 7, 10, … Is an arithmetic sequence. The collection shaped the usage of a mathematics series called a mathematics collection. For example 1 + four + 7 + 10… Is an arithmetic collection. Geometric Sequences And Series A geometric collection is a series where consecutive phrases have a not unusual ratio. For instance, 1, four, sixteen, sixty-four, … Is a mathematics sequence. The series fashioned the usage of a geometrical sequence is referred to as a geometrical collection. For instance 1 + four + sixteen + sixty four… Is a geometrical collection. There are two sorts of geometric development: finite geometric development and limitless geometric collection. Harmonic Sequence And Series A harmonic series is a series where the sequence is fashioned by taking the reciprocal of every term of an arithmetic series. For instance, 1, 1/4, 1/7, 1/10, … Is a harmonic collection. The collection fashioned using harmonic series is called harmonic series as an example 1 + 1/4 + 1/7 + 1/10… Is a harmonic collection. Sequence And Series Formula There are diverse formulas related to distinct sequences and series using which we are able to discover a fixed of unknown values like first time period, nth time period, not unusual parameter, etc. These formulations fluctuate for every form of series and series. Sequence and Series Tips The following points are beneficial to apprehend the standards of sequence and series clearly. In a mathematics sequence and collection, a is represented as the first term, d as the not unusual distinction, and as the nth time period, and n as the wide variety of phrases. In popular, an arithmetic sequence may be represented as an a+d, a+second, a+3d,… Each successive time period is obtained in a geometrical progression with the aid of multiplying the not unusual ratio through its preceding time period. How To Locate The Sequence Calculator? A mathematics collection is described as a series of numbers in which every time period (wide variety) is acquired through adding a positive wide variety to its previous term. The general shape of a mathematics series can be written as: a = a + (n-1)d where ‘an’ is the nth term in the series, ‘a’ is the primary time period, ‘d’ is the common distinction among two numbers, and ‘n’ is the nth term to be obtained. A geometric series is a series wherein every term has a steady ratio to its predecessor. The preferred form of a geometrical series may be written as: A = Earn – 1 in which ‘a’ is the nth time period within the series, ‘a’ is the primary time period, ‘r’ is the commonplace ratio among two numbers, and ‘n’ is the nth time period to be received.

<urn:uuid:1d149a10-22f7-4bf0-9796-dd47445b3dda>

Interactive Cognitive Load [Author: Bill Fischer] Cognitive load is a particularly challenging aspect of designing interactive media. Navigation and layout systems depend on the user's working memory, executive function, fine motor skills, spacial organization, language appropriation, and sensory input filtering capabilities to sort out the menagerie before them. The design goal is to minimize the extraneous cognitive load and working memory required to gain access to information through the graphic user interface. When a user is presented a graphic user interface, there is a lot of cognitive work they need to do before taking action. How challenging this is can depend on where they may land on the neurodiverse spectrum, what type of environmental distractions are present, and which physical stresses they may be experiencing. This section recommends several methodologies for optimizing this preamble experience. Epic+KCAD partnered with Protege Games and Innocademy Schools to imagine a virtual-reality, educational field trip called Amplify: Journey To Mars (external link). The concept integrates Microsoft Hololens AR with projected images and walky-talky style communications to create an immersive experience that students can engage with in small groups. The UI challenge involved isolating the interactive components (siganl) from the immersive environment (noise). Signal and Noise Management Which visual information in the design is information? Decoration? Distraction? - Visual hierarchy: Position, color and contrast: of screen elements should be designed in a hierarchical attentional order. - Focus: where do we want attention to be prioritized. The user should be able to easily find and obtain what they are looking for or should be provided clear options/suggestions/ instructions for what they could or should do next. - Grouping: organizing content in intentional chunks that are separated by generous margins and further differentiated by design elements like background value, lines, and other visual elements. "Discoverability' is a design method that calls for all possible actions to be visible full view (not hidden). Working memory in our brains has limited capacity and is the system where we temporarily hold information available for processing things like navigation systems and page/screen content. Examples include: - Breaking information into relatively small chunks and categorizing it with titles, headings and subheadings will optimize the scan-ability of a page/screen. - Fully viewable menu systems avoid asking users to create mental maps of hidden navigational elements which requires more working memory, and increases cognitive load. - Site maps can be used in lieu of fully expandable navigation systems. They also have the advantage of being able to utilize heading systems to optimize the screen reader experience. - Search capability is a boon to all of us, but especially persons with sight impairments. When users are provided a choice, it should be clear what the results of that choice will be and should be built on an expected, shared understanding. This can include: - Underlining text links. - Maintaining consistency of formatting from page to page. - Consistency of visual cues throughout the media. - Utilizing massively adopted conventions for both image and layout. - Accompanying icons with text. - Humans can only keep 4-5 pieces of information in working memory. Working memory is a temporary holding system in the brain that is required for processing, in our case, a graphical user interface. According to Hick's law, the time it takes to make a decision increases with the number and complexity of choices. This means that chunking information and navigation into small sets will reduce cognitive load, and increase efficiency. - The primacy effect describes our mental capacity to remember the first thing we experience in a set. - The recency effect describes our mental capacity to remember the last thing we experience in a set. Epic+KCAD partnered with the Grand Rapids Public Museum to develop a place-based, augmented reality, role-play game in the Old Streets exhibit, called Old Streets Adventure (external link). There are no buttons in the app. The interface is controlled by the movement of the tablet alone. Users learn how to navigate through a feedback loop that is activated by moving the it. Interactions include: start, zoom, replay, and change focus. Providing information that orients, and confirms the success or failure of the user's choices, is important because that can mirror the physical world, which provides constant feedback to our senses. That is the norm for most of our human experience. Digital interactive systems only provide it if the designer includes it. This can include: - Page/screen header/titles that reinforce where we landed and remind us where we are (if we have been in that section for awhile) - 'submitted', 'saved' and other confirmations. - Consistent brand/product badging that reminds us who or what we are engaging with. Undo, Redo, and Back are essential navigational elements for usability. Without them, users must return to 'home' pages/screens or navigation systems to undo an action.

<urn:uuid:e1da8e6a-1d1a-4367-a17e-77e2284cc55c>

Crabs or genital lice are often clumped within the general heading of sexually transmitted diseases. This is because crabs are mainly spread through close contact, a key feature of sexual intercourse. Crabs or genital lice are literal lice that mostly live in the pubic hair region of both men and women. These lice are not dangerous as they don't cause any disease processes or carry any infections. Although they are predominantly found in the pubic hair region, they can also be found in other places, such as chest hair, armpit hair, and even beards. Crabs are seldom found on the scalp, though. While carbs are not an STD, this condition is commonly found in people with other sexually transmitted infections. While having crabs is not as dangerous as some might think, it can still cause a fair bit of discomfort. The good news, however, is that crabs are very easy to cure with a few medications and appropriate care. WHAT ARE CRABS? Crabs are the name of the condition where a person has pubic lice infestation. Pubic lice can look different depending on their stage of growth. Here are three stages of growth in a normal pubic lice lifecycle: - Nits – nits are lice eggs. These are hard to see, even under a microscope. They usually have a white or yellowish appearance. - Nymph – the young version of pubic lice are called nymphs. Nymphs last about 2-3 weeks until they fully mature and become adults. - Adult Lice – 2-3 weeks after hatching from their eggs, pubic lice assume their adult identity. A fully mature louse (singular of lice) has six legs and resembles a crab's pincher claw. Adult lice have a tan or grayish-white color. Pubic lice infestation is not a sexually transmitted infection. It is merely an overgrowth of lice that causes the host some discomfort. However, pubic lice are frequently transmitted to other people through sexual activity. The reason pubic lice are transmitted through sex is that sex involves a lot of close contact, which is key for lice transmission. There are other known ways through which these lice are transferred as well. These include sharing bedsheets, linen, towels, clothes, and other materials. You can acquire lice in all the ways mentioned above, but knowing how pubic lice can't be transferred is also important. Contrary to popular belief, you cannot get pubic lice from a public toilet. This is because these lice cannot survive much longer without a host. Similarly, casual contact, such as hugs and handshakes, does not spread pubic lice. Symptoms of pubic lice infestation appear almost 5 days after infestation and include: - Pruritis, which is severe itching - Blood spotting in your undergarments - Small whitish spots in the pubic region - Low fever and fatigue - Bluish discoloration on your inner thighs and buttocks You should see your healthcare provider soon if you have any of the symptoms mentioned above. While having pubic lice is not dangerous as these lice do not cause any disease, they can predispose you to more serious infections. For example, people with pubic lice often scratch their pubic regions vigorously throughout the day. This severe itching causes the epidermal lining of the skin to break and increases the chances of pathogen infestation. Moreover, people with pubic lice are often predisposed to acquiring serious sexually transmitted infections. WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR CRABS? Pubic lice are completely curable with over-the-counter creams and shampoos. These products are medicated and safe to use. Here are a few simple steps to get rid of pubic lice: - First, examine if you have pubic lice. You can do this by looking for any signs and symptoms of pubic lice infestation mentioned above. - Apply the medicated shampoo or cream in the infested area and leave it on for the time directed by the product packaging. - The next step is to remove any visible nits through a thin-haired comb. - It would help if you also washed all your linens, bed sheets, blankets, and clothes in hot water. If you can't wash any of these for whatever reason, place them in a sealed bag for 2 weeks. This will kill off any remaining lice. - While you treat lice, it is generally a good idea to pause your sex life to protect your partner as well. - If this treatment does not fully cure lice infestation, you can also repeat the process after 10 days. You can also consult a dermatologist for your lice problem. Your dermatologist can provide a better insight into y problem and offer personalized treatment. People who may be allergic to popular anti-lice products may also benefit from a dermatology consultation. It is important to know that insecticides will not cure lice infestation. Therefore, avoid spraying insecticide on your clothes, bedding, and towels. HOW ARE CRABS DIAGNOSED? Pubic lice diagnosis is entirely visual. In addition to signs and symptoms, a thorough examination of the infested region reveals tiny pinhead-sized crab-like structures. You might be able to see the lice or nymphs on your own. However, if you can't spot any lice even after self-examination, you should see a doctor. Your doctor will examine the infested area with a magnifying glass which should reveal eggs, nymphs, or lice. In addition to starting treatment, your doctor will recommend STD testing, as people with pubic lice often have other sexually transmitted infections. HOW TO PREVENT GENITAL CRABS? The only way to remain 100% safe from ever-acquiring pubic lice is to refrain from close physical contact with other people. However, there are other steps that you can take to ensure a reasonable level of care when it comes to lice infestations. - Avoid having sexual intercourse with people who have multiple sexual partners. - Limit the number of your sexual partners - Frequently examine yourself if you experience excessive itching or discomfort in any area of your body. - If your find any lice, start treatment immediately - Ensure that your sex partners also receive treatment for pubic lice - Frequently wash your clothes, towels, and linens

<urn:uuid:4a387709-e0d8-4d3b-a363-2a25bb78f906>

Icing in North The term “cold climate site” refers to a site that either shows conditions favorable for icing to occur, or which consistently experience temperatures that are lower than the operational limits of standard wind turbines (Laakso et al., 2010a). It is difficult to describe a typical cold climate site, as site conditions under the definition may vary to a great extent3. Each wind project requires a specifically chosen set of measurements to evaluate the condition of the wind site. For example, some sites may experience low temperatures, but no atmospheric icing. Another site can be mild in temperature, but show periods of heavy icing (Laakso et al., 2010a). Figure 1 shows a map of icing regions in Europe. The map does not take under consideration the local topography, which is indeed significant for the local icing climates. Figure 1 Icing map of Europe (Laakso et al., 2010; 11). The installed cold climate capacity in Scandinavian countries is presented in table 1. Table 1 Existing cold climate capacity in Scandinavia in 2010 (Laakso et al., 2010). Figure 2 Mapping the different regions In Finland there have been reports of turbine down time due to ice and low temperature, as reported by National Wind Energy of Finland (Laakso et al., 2010b). According to the statistics the low air temperature has lowered turbine availability annually between 0.2 and 2.8% between 1997 and 2010. Depending on the year, 1 to 27 turbines have been forced to shut down due to low air temperature each year (Laakso et al., 2010b). Icing has lowered turbine availability by approximately 1.3 % of normalized annual operational hours on average for those turbines that have been reported for icing between 1996 and 2010 (Laakso et al., 2010b). The decrease in availability due to icing has been between 0.3 % and 4.1 % / year per turbine (Laakso et al., 2010b). However, in Norway there is no centralized system for collection of operational experience from wind farms. Therefore there are no available central data on downtime and production loss due to icing or low temperatures. There is one test turbine at Sandhaugen, close to the city of Tromsø, which has reported 20-25 icing days a year, but there are no detailed statics on failure or energy loss reported publicly (Laakso et al., 2010a). There is an empirical relation among icing, location and seasonal icing profiles by effective hub height for each region, see figure 2. Region 3 shows the area between Sweden and Norway and the area has a mean annual loss of 7% to 13% at 700-800m hub height. Figure 4 shows how the mean annual losses are 1 % to 3% in 300-500 hub height. In Figure 5 the region 1 is presented and the mean annual losses are 0% to 0.5% in 100-300m-hub height. This is a result from 250 turbines in 10 different sites (Lars Tallhaug, 2015). Figure 3 Region 3 – Empirical relation among icing, location and seasonal icing profile (Tallhaug, 2015). Figure 4 Region 2 – Empirical relation among icing, location and seasonal icing profile (Tallhaug, 2015). Figure 5 Region 1– Empirical relation among icing and location and seasonal icing profile (Tallhaug, 2015).

<urn:uuid:b2814d98-0438-4c83-b7e0-387a0cb72d9d>

Do you anticipate obtaining your DNA profile? Why, or why not? What are the pros and cons of finding out your genetic makeup? For your original post, please respond to these questions providing scholarly support for your opinion. Remember to include an APA formatted in-text citation and corresponding reference from a recent (within last 5 years) professional journal or website (NIH, CDC, etc.). GDP is the abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product, which shows the total value of goods or services produced in a country in a given year. Put simply, GDP is the total household spending, business investment, government spending plus the difference between exports and imports. GDP rates The percentage of Vietnam’s GDP can provide us with an overview of our current level of health and growth of economy. The chart above shows that in 2007 the GDP of Vietnam was 5.3 percent, and in next two years there was a sharp decline in GDP figures, only reaching 6.2 percent and 5.3 percent in 2008 and 2009 respectively. Here are a few reasons for this: The first reason was due to exports. Vietnam has been very successful in developing industries for export, but in the year of 2009 the demand for exports was significantly reduced. The exports of Asian countries have “fallen” at the alarming rate because consumers in the U.S., Europe and other markets were cutting down on expenditures. The second reason was caused by consumer spending. With the unemployment rate increased (due to problems arising in areas of manufacturing exports) and reduced employees’ income due to high inflation in 2008 (22%), households spending money was cut down. The third reason was because of investment. Investment growth rates in recent years were resulted from cash inflows of FDI into Vietnam. But with the credit crisis and global economic recession, capital flows were affected severely. Those were some obstacles which occurred in a few years ago. As compared to other Asian countries, the economy of Vietnam had already recovered and improved much faster in overall of GDP performance by the end of 2009. And now we are in the process of developing the economy for 2010 and the years following. “Vietnam’s GDP growth rate is forecast to be around 6.5 % and 6.8 % in 2010 and 2011”, according to Asian Development Bank (ADB) in its latest report (2010). And the first signal of increasing GDP was exposed in the first quarter of 2010, according to Ministry of Planning and Investment(2010): “The GDP growth rate in the first quarter of 2010 increased 5.83%, which was higher than for the same period in 2009”. As a result, it is believed that the GDP of Vietnam increasing in next few months could be feasible. And we hope that the efforts of improving GDP rates of Vietnam will never stop in the coming years.>GET ANSWER

<urn:uuid:2ce7ca90-0d17-413f-b228-df2205636921>

The Free Christians movement began in Lebanon in the tenth century. They asserted that Jesus never mentioned that priests, bishops, or popes should tell people what to believe. Largely overshadowed by the Protestant Reformation, Free Christians suffered because they were poorly organized and never had a powerful teacher or even a spokesperson to provide an appearance of consistency. The church fragmented early and often, usually along ethnic differences, the semites, for example, seeking a Christianity more consistent with Judeism, and the families of Greek heritage more sexual liberty. Today, descendants of the first Free Christians, still in Lebanon, tell others that they are Coptics. As followers of a foreign faith their practices are less likely to be questioned. They don’t actually have a church building, but they continue to believe, from family to family, what they have always believed.

<urn:uuid:9ff9646e-cc79-4bd8-8da1-b9544d7a69c4>

Hightrail Park, a state park popular amongst weekend hikers, is suffering erosion along its trails. The primary cause are the many hikers, who looking for a quicker route between the switchbacks, cut between trails, thereby trampling undergrowth. Without grass and weeds, the land abutting the trails is more prone to erosion. To combat this problem, state park officials have placed yellow tape on those parts of the trail where erosion is most significant. State park officials expect that the park will not witness any erosion more extreme than what the park is currently witnessing. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions? A. Hikers who hike between trails tend to hike along a similar route, thereby making erosion more likely in certain areas along the trail. B. Hikers who hike during the week are not as likely to walk on the land between the switchbacks. C. Erosion in the state park can be caused by other factors such as significant rainfall. D. The yellow tape at higher altitudes along the trail, where weather is more severe, will fall apart at the same rate as the yellow tape located at lower altitudes. E. Those parts along the trail that do not qualify as being highly eroded will not in the next five years become more eroded than those parts along the trail that are currently the most eroded. Hightrail Park, a state park popular amongst weekend hikers, is suffering erosion along its trails. The primary cause This topic has expert replies

<urn:uuid:cfaf64a3-ff5b-4372-aaf1-66c4090e5803>

Hepatitis is the name for inflammation of the liver. It has several causes, including; - Viruses which can be spread through food and water (hepatitis A, E) and body fluid contact (hepatitis B, C, D) - Alcohol excess - Auto-immune conditions - Medications (paracetamol, steroids, some antibiotics) Often acute (short term) hepatitis has no, or very mild symptoms. Chronic (long term) hepatitis has many symptoms including; pain, fever, fatigue, vomiting, dark urine, pale stool, itchy skin, yellowing of the eyes and skin and these are often not apparent until the liver stops working properly. Signs of liver failure are jaundice, swelling of the legs and abdomen, blood in stools or vomit, confusion and collapse. Hepatitis is diagnosed with the help of blood tests, ultrasound scans, endoscopy (camera test) of the stomach, and liver biopsy. Our gastroenterologist can recommend the necessary examinations and treatment.

<urn:uuid:bc3275db-a627-478b-9801-964b1c244f17>

OneSpin’s Holiday Puzzle 2018-19 – The Fibonacci Calculator Nature is beautiful. And so are numbers, especially the Fibonacci numbers! Well, at least to scientists. From flowers to pineapples, from bees to human chromosomes, the Fibonacci sequence is a staple in the mathematical modelling of many disparate phenomena of our physical world. Let’s take honeybees as an example. Did you know that male bees hatch from unfertilized eggs, while female do from fertilized ones? Males only have one parent, while females have two. If you trace the pedigree of a male bee, assuming that ancestors are unrelated, you will find that it has one parent, two grandparents, 3 great-grandparents, 5 great-great grandparents, and so on. You guessed it: that’s exactly the Fibonacci sequence! How about designing a simple digital circuit that calculates Fibonacci numbers? We did. It is quite cute. You give it a number n as input and, after some clock cycles, the circuit gives you the nth Fibonacci number as output. We even wrote a bunch of assertions to get confidence that the design is correct. However, we would like to have a design that is faster (in terms of clock cycles) but also simpler. You know the drill: they always ask for less area, less power, no bugs, shorter schedule, but better performances! What do you say? Can you come up with a better solution? Are you up to the task? Please fill out the form below to receive the puzzle files for our raffle. They contain a sample design and a formal testbench. Your task is to improve the design, provided that you do not modify the I/O definitions, and that your new design still passes the formal testbench (you cannot change that). There are also some cover properties that you must use to demonstrate how your design performs for the given benchmark. The cover properties will be used to determine the speed score of your design. Design metrics, like the number of statements, branches, flops, and adders, will be weighted to determine the complexity score of your design. The overall score will be computed automatically using OneSpin. The design with the lowest score wins! The puzzle files include the equation used to compute the complexity score, and a few more additional details. Please, read the comments in the two files provided carefully. In that case that something is still not clear please drop us an email. The deadline for submission is midnight (CET) Sunday, January 13th, 2019. Good luck! As usual, we have numerous amazing prizes to give away: three Amazon Echo Plus. The Bee Keeper, awarded to the solution with the lowest score The Beautiful Flower, awarded to the solutions that will get most votes in a popularity contest The Italian Mathematician, somewhat randomly awarded to a solution that will somehow impress the OneSpin jury (or elements thereof). The winners will be announced by the end of February 2019!

<urn:uuid:3c79e3f5-4815-46ca-a792-ed43ca91ebdf>

Continue to read if you like to learn about the magic of the ocean waves. Waves are fascinating - when standing by the coastline, on a bridge or in a boat, looking out over the sea and looking at the never stopping movement. If you let it, it can really hypnotize you by its beauty, greatness and mystery. Not only that it’s changing color is depending on the sky, so a grey rainy day seem even more dark and almost depressing. But the pattern! So mysterious how the pattern can change so much, but anyway seem to be almost the same. Time to destroy the mystery a little - as we are meteorologists and like when things are defined and explainable. The coffee intro When the coffee is too hot to drink, we instinctively blow at the surface to cool it down. Doing so is changing the calm and still surface of the cup and instead it gets a pattern of small waves. The waves you created remains in your cop a little while after you stopped blowing. This is sort of the basics or at least illustrative basics of wind waves (sometimes called sea) and swell. These are the two main types of waves that we will break down for you here. Something happens when going from the size of a cup to a size of an ocean - and it is not only the size, but also that winds rarely are calm. Wave height and wave period Before digging deeper, it will be good if you know what a wave height and a wave period are, since they carry the main feature of all waves. The wave height can be found if you look at the moving sea surface and then you choose one wave. On this specific wave, you estimate the top and the valley - the difference between these two heights is the wave height. The wave period is the time in-between two wave tops. If you fix your eyes at one point in the water and then starts counting the seconds when you see the first wave top pass this point until the next wave top appear at the exact same point. The number of seconds you counted will be the wave period. Starting with the wind waves, and guess what - they are created by the wind. The wind will transfer a small part of the wind energy to the water due to friction between the two fluids – the water and the air and due to an excess in pressure on the windward side of waves compared to the pressure on the leeward side. The energy will then move as a wave along the surface of the water. There is a rather specific relationship between wind speed and the resulting wave height, just as if you’re kicking a football with different strength, it will reach different distances. However, this relationship is not always true, as it also depends on the surroundings. If the water is coastal, the waves may be lower than at the open sea for the same wind speed. This is especially true when the wind direction is from land and the wind fetch (the distance traveled by the wind across open water) therefore is relatively small. One more thing that always happens with wind waves - they follow the same direction as the wind, as it is the wind that is pushing the waves forward. Now it’s also time for us to move forward and go into the swell waves - shortly said they are old wind waves. These old wind waves occur due to decreasing winds or a change in wind direction. When wind waves have moved away from the area they were formed, they often change name and become swell waves. Regardless of reason, the fact is that the wind waves still have momentum even though nothing may still be pushing them. But since wind energy isn’t added to the waves any longer, the waves will slowly die out, but it takes time – and meanwhile they become swell. This may seem odd - if they are the same, how can you then tell the difference you may ask. Well we taught you about the wave heights and the periods, here they come in extra handy. As the swell wave travel, the wave height will fall, and the wave period will become larger (and will travel faster) – and also the wave length will become larger with time. Furthermore, you can often tell it by the direction, as it most often doesn’t come from the same direction as the wind. Back to the hypnotizing ocean - doesn’t it just move too much to see any of these waves. Perhaps, perhaps not. The sea surface is a collection of waves with different heights and periods, and it would take some practice to distinguish wind waves and/or swell waves from the other waves. The easiest way might be to find the swell on a day with calm winds – without disturbing wind waves. Or maybe the other way around, when the sea surface has been calm and the wind then increases – there you only will have wind waves after a little while.

<urn:uuid:fb35d433-1626-4cbf-83fd-9476f566f45f>

Hi, I'm Jensen Morgan. We're going to talk about some great concepts in environmental science. Today's topic is Forests and Deforestation. So let's get started. We're going to talk about three forest types, the causes of deforestation and its impacts. We're going to talk about three types of forests. Each differs largely due to the amounts of rainfall, sunlight, soil nutrients, biodiversity and ability to withstand disturbances. First, taiga, which are forests located in colder areas and are usually in higher latitudes as you can see here. About half of the year they get very little rainfall and sunlight. They have low biodiversity and are mainly comprised of conifers. As a result of such factors, taiga forests grow slowly with their poor nutrient-dense soils and produce a low yield of biomass. In addition, if a taiga forest is cleared it will recover very slowly, and the soil might even blow away. Next up, temperate forests. Temperate forests are those in mid-range latitudes and are located in regions with moderate sunlight, rainfall and temperature ranges. They tend to have a moderate amount of biodiversity and consist of a mixture of deciduous hardwoods and evergreen trees. Temperate forests usually have deep, fertile soils, are relatively resistant to disturbances and if cleared, they will often grow again. Lastly, we have tropical rainforests in lower latitudes. They are generally highly biodiverse and are a mixture of deciduous hardwoods and evergreens. Tropical rainforests occur in locations with high levels of rainfall, temperature and sunlight. Rainforests tend to have shallow soils with little mineral content. If cleared, they rarely grow back. Our key term for this tutorial is deforestation. Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for human use of the land or resources from land. Causes of deforestation include-- human population growth, climate change, removal for agricultural use, general logging, harvesting for fuel, burning and grazing. Deforestation does not just affect the local ecosystem and economy. It can also have impacts at the regional and global level. Such impacts include-- forests and trees specifically store large quantities of atmospheric greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, preventing it from contributing to global warming. As forests disappear or are burned, this capability is lost and global climate change is accelerated as the CO2 from that biomass re-enters the atmosphere all at once. Another impact from deforestation is how it affects the water cycle. Trees are important to maintaining homeostasis of the water cycle, and forests affect regional climate. Without them things could be thrown out of balance. Rainforests depend on heavy rainfall, yet heavy rainfall weather patterns also depend on rainforests existence. In addition, the destruction of forests have led to local and regional croplands being abandoned, because lower rainfall means less humidity and more extreme summer temperatures. Deforestation also increases soil erosion, increases exposure to direct sunlight and results in areas being unable to sustain much life at all. Finally, a large portion of the world's biodiversity lives in tropical rainforests. As they are deforested, massive amounts of species are going extinct from habitat loss resulting in a significant decline in global biodiversity. Efforts to sustain forests and protect them from deforestation have been-- planting trees to start new forests, establishing nature preserves and green zones that cannot be affected by human development, regulating logging practices to prevent unsustainable use and educational programs focused on forestry management. Now let's have a recap. We talked about three types, certain causes of deforestation and its impacts, as well as efforts to address it. Don't forget our key term-- deforestation-- the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for human use of the land or resources from that land. Well, that's all for this tutorial. I look forward to next time. Bye. the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for human use of the land or resources from the land

<urn:uuid:6fc3ee61-92e7-430b-9435-65f91050a6ec>

Learn about the progression of Scottish architectural styles, building materials and construction technologies from the prehistoric period to the 20th century. Key historic sites and buildings, names and international influences are the main focus of this introduction to Scotland’s historic architecture and townscapes. You will also look at how settlements have grown up across Scotland, whether organically or as planned burghs, towns and cities. Study all of the significant periods in Scottish building – from the Bronze Age to the post-war era. Explore the Scottish Renaissance, the Georgian era and the multitude of Victorian buildings around us – many of which are now listed. Then travel from the extravagant heights of the Edwardian era to the radical impact of the Modern Movement and comprehensive redevelopment of the 20th century.

<urn:uuid:8798653a-cabb-41fe-a7e6-1bacd93d72d3>

The discovery may have implications for improving the quality of images seen through an array of matter, including paint and paper, as well as biological tissue. It also runs counter to common thought about what light absorption does to the images we see. "It seems as if light wants to avoid absorption by going along straight paths," said The discovery appeared recently in the journal Physical Review B, published by the When there was no absorption, light scattered dramatically through the material. This is because of a dispersal of photons similar to the paths one would follow through an elaborate maze. However, when absorption occurs, those paths take a more direct route through the material. "At the same time, you can recover the structural information of an object located behind an opaque medium much more easily," said Liew said the work should have real-life applications, particularly with biological tissue, as scientists begin to explore ways to shape and manipulate light absorption. "You can potentially image deeper into the tissue," he said. The research was supported by a grant from the Most Popular Stories - Shia LaBeouf Plea Deal, Alcoholism Treatment - Ohio State Band Chief Fired After Probe - Hispanic Leader Goes the Extra Mile - Stop-Start Engines Save Gas, Reduce Emissions - Jennifer Lopez, Pitbull to Perform at Fashion Rocks - Ukraine Says Russians Firing Across the Border - Ford Q2 Net Profit up 6 Percent - U.S. Weighs Refugee Status for Immigrant Kids - Ricky Martin Joins 'The Voice ... Mexico' - Morgan Stanley Ponies Up $275 Million to Settle SEC Charges

<urn:uuid:4d8ef3d2-2c8d-446c-9a7f-d1082d1e0c8a>

Given two floating-point numbers, find the remainder. Input: a = 36.5, b = 5.0 Input: a = 9.7, b = 2.3 A simple solution is to do repeated subtraction. We can use the inbuilt fmod function to find the modulus of two floating-point numbers. Attention reader! Don’t stop learning now. Get hold of all the important DSA concepts with the DSA Self Paced Course at a student-friendly price and become industry ready. - Maximize modulus by replacing adjacent pairs with their modulus for any permutation of given Array - Modulus on Negative Numbers - Difference between float and double in C/C++ - C/C++ program to find the size of int, float, double and char - Finding 'k' such that its modulus with each array element is same - Modulus of all pairwise consecutive elements in an Array - Modulus function in C++ STL - Maximize the sum of modulus with every Array element - Comparison of a float with a value in C - Function Overloading and float in C++ - Assigning an integer to float and comparison in C/C++ - gcvt() | Convert float value to string in C - Formatting float column of Dataframe in Pandas - <cfloat> float.h in C/C++ with Examples - What is the difference between single quoted and double quoted declaration of char array? - Double Brace Initialization in Java - Double Pointer (Pointer to Pointer) in C - Double forking to prevent Zombie process - C program to print a string without any quote (singe or double) in the program - Convert String to Double in Java If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to [email protected]. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks. Please Improve this article if you find anything incorrect by clicking on the "Improve Article" button below.

<urn:uuid:9eddcf17-0eda-4d8f-91ec-0986a84c1052>

The Grapes of Wrath is John Steinbeck’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the Great Depression. Written in 1939, it’s the story of one poor sharecropper family’s struggle to survive the worst deprivations that American society of the 1930’s had to offer. Indeed, perhaps no American work of fiction fits the label of “The Great American Novel” better than Steinbeck’s wonderfully written and still highly controversial masterpiece of fiction. Set in America’s “Dust Bowl,” of the 1930’s, The Grapes of Wrath is the tale of the Joad family, a large clan of poor Oklahoma sharecroppers, and how they are forced to migrate to California. It’s also the story of the many trials and sufferings they endure during their long and harrowing journey. The forces of nature and the forces of economics have conspired to compel the Joads to leave their farms. So, these proud, hard-working people sell most of their worldly possessions in order to buy a run-down old jalopy. The whole family – Ma and Pa; Granma and Granpa; Tom (the oldest son, and an ex-convict recently paroled from prison); Al (Tom’s younger brother); Uncle John (Pa’s brother); Ruthie and Winfield (Ma and Pa’s youngest children); the heavily pregnant Rose of Sharon (Tom’s younger sister) and her husband Connie; and the Reverend Jim Casy (a family “friend”) – pack themselves and their essential belongings aboard their decrepit old vehicle, and depart for the “promised land” on America’s west coast. The vast majority of this compelling novel tells the story of the Joads’ plight while on the road. They are almost immediately confronted with the death of a loved one. This compounds their grief at the loss of their home and possessions. They discover that most people they meet along the way despise and vilify them as filthy “Okies;” they receive comfort from very few along their route. Yet, they remain undaunted; throughout their struggles, they remain focused on the ultimate realization of a dream: jobs, high pay, and a new life in California. The great climax of The Grapes of Wrath sees the Joads once again suffering in unspeakable squalor as they attempt to survive the violent forces of nature and humanity in the great western “promised land.” The basic plot of The Grapes of Wrath is exciting, suspenseful, gripping, and possessed with a terrible beauty. It is written in the finest traditions of the early twentieth century “muckraking” novels, exposing as it does the worst societal ills that were prevalent in American society of the 1930’s. The Grapes of Wrath serves as Steinbeck’s soapbox, as he deplores the exploitation of California’s migrant workers during this era. Indeed, the author is often barely able to contain his moral outrage at the sufferings of thousands of “Okies,” and their often violent treatment by landowners, businessmen, and even law enforcement officials. How Steinbeck constructed his novel has much to do with its tremendous impact. Every other chapter in the book, beginning with Chapter 1, sets the stage for the events to be recounted in alternate chapters that trace the life and travels of the Joad family. In a simple and straightforward manner, the Joads’ journey is chronicled in long and detailed chapters filled with earthy and realistic dialog. The short “stage-setting” chapters contain little dialog; instead, they are highly descriptive of places, people, and attitudes. From descriptions of the intensely burning Oklahoma sun, the choking, blowing dust, and the tortoise lazily crossing a highway in Chapter 1, to the torrential California rains of Chapter 29, Steinbeck paints brilliant word pictures of the backdrop to the Joads’ journey. The Grapes of Wrath abounds with wonderful character studies. The effects of indescribable suffering and abject poverty give Ma Joad the steel to evolve from her traditional role as a silent, obedient wife to become the true leader of the family. Conversely, Pa Joad’s traditional role seems to diminish; he recognizes the fact, and, after only brief resistance, he defers to his wife’s new role. Tom, ever so careful not to do anything to jeopardize his parole at the outset, finds himself increasingly outraged at his family’s plight, and emboldened to action as a result. John Steinbeck’s central theme in The Grapes of Wrath is the growing disparity between the “haves” – the rich – and the “have nots” – the poor – in American society. That theme is still as relevant today as it was in 1939 – perhaps even more so today, considering the ongoing economic crisis that afflicts and divides our nation. Maybe this is the real reason why the book still generates such controversy and remains one of the most frequently challenged books in America. It holds a mirror up to us and forces us to confront some unpleasant truths that we, as an “enlightened” society, would rather not face. And that, in itself, makes this brilliant book well worth reading.

<urn:uuid:316201a6-96a6-41db-ae3e-47400729c929>

Which type of formula is used to represent the molecule in this diagram? In this question, we are being asked to identify the type of formula being represented. When taking a look at the diagram provided, we should first know that the diagram can be represented as two bonded CH3 groups. If we write this as CH3CH3, then this is what we call the structural formula. Since we have two CH3 groups, we can also describe the composition of the molecule as (CH3)2, in which the CH3 group is written inside of parentheses and a two is written outside of parentheses to indicate the number of CH3 groups. This type of formula is called a condensed formula. When looking at the atoms present within the diagram, we can see that there are two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms present in the molecule. We can use this information to represent the molecule with a molecular formula of C2H6. We could reduce this molecular formula because the subscripts two and six have a greatest common factor of two. After dividing each subscript by two, we get the reduced formula CH3, which is known as the empirical formula. Of all of the types of formulas we’ve discussed, only the provided diagram is a representation of the molecule that shows all of the atoms and bonds. And we can see that each individual chemical bond is represented by a line. This type of formula is known as the displayed formula. In conclusion, the type of formula used to represent the molecule in the diagram provided is the displayed formula.

<urn:uuid:2c590066-e45d-40ea-9b8e-a8d60d213e50>

There are several factors that influence body weight, such as genetics prenatal and early life influences, poor diet choices, little or no physical activity and sleep, etc. The causes of obesity are as varied as the people it affects. The body stores excess calories as body fat. Over time, extra kilos add up. So, eating fewer calories than what the body can burn is the best way to maintain body weight. This explanation may seem simple, but the fact is it doesn’t account for the variety of factors that affect what we eat, how much we exercise and how our bodies process all these energies. A basic problem is surrounded by a complex web, isn’t it? What do Experts Advise? Leading a healthy lifestyle should include exercising and eating right. If you really want to assess your health, look at your overall health – mental, emotional and physical! Stay Active Daily for Mental Health Inactivity is often a cause of frustration, anger, lethargy, and depression. Contrarily, those who are active tend to feel good, experience a better mood, and overall enjoy a good life. Stay Active Daily for Physical Health Staying active doesn’t necessarily mean running 20 kms every day. Nor does it mean doing intense physical activities at a gymnasium. Lighter physical activities like swimming, walking, cleaning up house, riding a bicycle, or playing with kids are all examples of staying active. Maintain Healthy Body Weight and Bodyfat Levels The chances of getting heart attack, diabetes, hypertension, etc. are increased as one gains weight. our joints have to carry around This weight and at a later age, that can really begin to tell on your joint health. Check Your BMI The perfect way to measure your ideal body weight is to use a BMI calculator. BMI measurement is a ratio of one’s weight and height. This is a good way to calculate whether your weight is in healthy proportion to your height. In fact, knowing your BMI can help you determine any health risks you may face if it is outside of the healthy range. 30.0 and higher For instance, being overweight can lead to a range of chronic health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart or blood vessel problems, etc. So, in order to cut down the health risks out of these health conditions, doctors advise their patients to keep BMI below 25. If your BMI level is 30 or even higher, chances are you may have health conditions such as type 2 diabetes. In that case, weight loss surgery will be the right solution. It will help lower the risk of heart complications and premature death approximately by 40% compared to standard medical care, says a renowned bariatric surgeon with a remarkable record of success in weight-loss, general surgery, and revisional procedures, Dr. Ravi Rao at Perth Surgical & Bariatrics Centre.

<urn:uuid:17cfe206-ad81-4ffe-909b-d4267a97c406>

Development of American military policies, organizational patterns, tactics, and weaponry, from beginnings as a seventeenth-century frontier defense force to the global conflicts and military commitments of the twentieth century. Interaction and tension between need for an effective military force and concept of civilian control of that force. The story of America's wars. This course examines the American military experience from the Colonial Period through the Twentieth Century. It seeks to address the why and how behind the wars that the United States has fought and to study the impact that these conflicts have had on American military thought, technological developments, and American society as a whole. A key component of the course is to examine military decision-making at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war and to address various ethical and moral complexities that have played a role in America’s conflicts. Rather than focusing on social and/or diplomatic developments, this course truly centers on the military aspect - how America has fought its wars and adjusted to changes in warfare. Student learning goals Differentiate between the tactical, operational, and strategic levels of war. Be able to identify the key reasons for victory or defeat in America's wars. Understand how the outcome of each of America's wars has shaped military and political thinking about the next conflict. Better understand the motivations that have driven participants in America's wars. Understand the link between technology and warfare and how developments in one have shaped the other. Become familiar with the personal experiences and thinking of Americans that have fought in the nation's wars. General method of instruction Instruction will be a mixture of lecture based on the core text, in-class videos, and current events and group sessions. A basic understanding of US History from colonial period through the 20th Century Class assignments and grading In addition to daily reading assignments, students will have a mid-term exam, a memoir book review and analysis and a comprehensive final exam. Grades will be based on a points system. Students final grades will be determined by how many points they earn from all assignments out of the total possible.

<urn:uuid:fa46c357-8a34-40be-9d5e-130588131f6a>

The Selfish Gene Our genes are hardwired to survive at all cost. Discover how this selfish instinct has evolved life from the first organisms in the primordial soup to all the wonderful complexities of human beings. From the color of our hair and even down to our seemingly altruistic parental instincts, our genes are acting on their own selfish impulse to conquer and survive. It is this basic drive that determines every behavior and characteristic in each and every living thing on the planet. Richard Dawkins gives an essential guide to genetics, and how life has evolved driven by The Selfish Gene. You will learn: - How life began in the primordial soup - What phenotypes are, and how they ensure the survival of the fittest - Why a parent's altruistic behaviour might not be as selfless as it seems.

<urn:uuid:62e6f84a-6a21-4113-9b5a-1e8e6ed03bec>

Posted by Tom Miles on Monday, January 29, 2018 16:20:08 When will carbon stocks in the atmosphere run out and then go into free fall? The answer depends on how much carbon is present in the world today. In other words, how much is there in the air? There are two types of carbon stocks. The first is what’s known as carbon sequestration. It involves the carbon that is captured by plants and trees from the atmosphere to store it. The second is carbon that has been released into the atmosphere as a byproduct of industrial processes. A large part of the world is currently in the second category. When carbon stocks go into runaway carbon dioxide emissions, they can quickly overwhelm the carbon sequestrations that are happening in the first two categories. The Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme (CETS) The carbon markets and the carbon markets themselves are regulated under a complex trading scheme known as the Carbon Emission Trading Scheme. The scheme was introduced by the United Nations in 1995, which set up a national market for carbon. The market was designed to allow trading in carbon between nations, countries and regions. The CETS is the largest trading scheme in the World and covers a wide range of commodities and sectors. The carbon market is the most popular, accounting for 70 per cent of global carbon market revenues in 2020. Carbon prices and trading volume The Carbon Exchange Service (CES) operates in 28 countries. It’s also a key part of CETS trading, although there’s a range of other trading schemes, including carbon offset schemes and the Carbon Tax and Investment Scheme. Carbon markets are traded on a national level through a complex set of exchanges. The trading system is based on carbon prices. These prices are determined by carbon inventories. Carbon inventories are the market data for carbon, so they can be measured and compared to market prices to determine the relative amount of carbon in the market. They’re also used to determine how much the market price is for the commodity or sector in question. Carbon exchange data is published annually on the CETS website. Carbon price data is available from the Carbon Exchange System, which is a network of exchanges across the world. This data is used to establish the carbon market price, the current market price and the overall market price for the relevant commodity or commodity sector. Carbon stocks are recorded in the CES, and carbon inventors can submit carbon stocks to the Carbon Market Fund (CMPF), which helps fund trading schemes and market monitoring projects. CMPF is also responsible for carbon price monitoring. The fund collects and distributes carbon stocks and offsets carbon dioxide emitted by the sector in which they are located. It also manages the CMPFs trading system and other carbon trading schemes. A carbon stock is a commodity, not an emission. A market is a marketplace, where buyers and sellers trade on the carbon price. Carbon pricing and trading carbon stocks are sold through the Carbon Markets and Carbon Exchange Services. The prices for carbon stocks can be calculated by carbon market analysts using a price index, which measures the cost of carbon for a given year, and a volume price, which adjusts the cost per unit of carbon that can be sold. A volume price is also used in carbon markets to determine whether the market is worth the risk. The price of carbon can be set by carbon traders through a range the market uses to measure their risk. Carbon trading carbon markets have been a key element in the carbon pricing and carbon trading programmes that are currently in place across the globe. These markets are designed to support carbon markets by trading the carbon stocks that are held in a carbon market. A range of carbon trading policies have been introduced in recent years to help ensure carbon markets remain viable and viable markets continue to be able to support the trading of carbon. These policies include: Carbon trading for investment Carbon trading is a form of carbon market trading, which has two major components: the price of a commodity (carbon) and a price for that commodity that is set by market participants. The current pricing for carbon is based upon a price of $50 per tonne (tonne) in 2018. The value of carbon, therefore, is equal to the carbon prices in each country that have been set. These countries are known as Carbon Markets. Carbon market prices vary from country to country. For example, the United States is the biggest carbon market market in the developed world, accounting, according to the Climate Action Tracker, for approximately 70 per per cent to 80 per cent and 40 per cent respectively of global global carbon markets. Carbon Trading Scheme The Carbon Trading scheme was created in 1995 to allow a national carbon market to be established. This market is based in the United Kingdom, and it’s overseen by the Carbon Trading Standards Authority. The schemes trading system has the same structure as that of the CPPF, which manages carbon markets for individual countries. Carbon Markets are based on a range known as “weightings” to calculate the risk of the commodity. Weightings are based upon the price and volume of

<urn:uuid:43c212c2-8ec5-45f2-80fc-6fc417f432d7>

Posted by jasmine20 on Sunday, April 15, 2007 at 4:46pm. how do i find the following: is there a formula for this? Find the constant term that should be added to make the following expression a perfect square trinomial. square a few binomials and see if you can see a pattern e.g. (x+3)^2 = x^2 + 6x + 9 (x-7)^2 = x^2 - 14x + 49 notice the coefficient of the middle term is twice the square root of the last term so you have to reverse the pattern take 1/2 of the middle term number, then square it. for your e.g. x^2 + 7x + ??? 1/2 of 7 is 7/2, which when squared is 49/4 x^2 + 7x =x^2 + 7x + 49/4 - 49/4 =(x+7/2)^2 - 49/4 I added and subtracted the same number to maintain the "equality" I assume you are learning the method of completing the square. i am lost? Answer This Question More Related Questions - Math - Find the constant term that should be added to make the following ... - math,correction - is this correct Find the constant term that should be added to... - math,help - Is this trinomial a perfect square x^2-6x+9 if the trinomial starts ... - MATH - which following trinomial is a perfect square? A. x^2 + 2x - 3 B. x^2 - ... - Math - this question does not make sense to me. Add the proper constant to the ... - Algebra 2 - Replace each of the question marks with a value that will make the ... - Algebra - x^2+7x Which constant should be added to make this expression a ... - Algebra 2 - Find the value of c that makes the expression a perfect square ... - maths - what least number must be added to 630 to make the sum a perfect square... - Alg 1 - Completing the square: Find the value of c such that each expression is ...

<urn:uuid:e67997d4-41fb-4680-af89-dcaf953d4cd3>

How to Weld Aluminum With a Wire Welder Aluminum welding can be very challenging as the metal oxidizes easily outdoors. the oxidation contaminates the weld and in certain cases may present a fire threat. The right planning of a wire welder is an important thing to achieve in aluminum welding. How to Weld Aluminum With a Stick Welder - Use a wire tip greater than the wire scale to position the wire welder in place. Recess the welder touch tip in the nozzle of the solder tip around 1/8-inch. Remove it and substitute it with a plastic or Teflon lining if your welder has metal linen for steel that will not attach to the aluminum wire. - Place an aluminum wire spool of 1 mm on the solder and push it into the wire. Continue to feed the wire to the tip of the wire. - Attach the wire welder as a shielding gas to a tank of pure argon gas. The argon helps avoid flames and blowouts from oxidation and stops oxygen from adding to the metal you attempt to solder. - Clean the surfaces of aluminum that you are welding. Clean the metal with a clean in stainless steel made for metal use; make sure you have a brush never used on stainless steel. Brush the metal away from the seam in a single direction to avoid spreading oxidized aluminum to the area you are welding. - Attach a heat sink of brass to the aluminum and position it as near as possible to the soldering area. The brass won't respond with aluminum, meaning that an unnecessary heat sink is eliminated equally, minimizing the possibility of a warp. - Link the electric connection of the welder to the metal. Switch on the gas flow and welder shielding. Create your metal arc. Turn the voltage and feed the wire so that the tone of the arc varies substantially and the tone is similar to an aerosol spray and this sound adjustment reveals that you have made a "spray arc." - Start welding the seam to make it possible to form a pool of molten aluminum between the two pieces. Tilt the nozzle away from 10-15 degrees, so that the arc will shift the molten metal bead so that the weld is still slightly ahead of the nozzle. - Be sure the weld tip moves because it retains the feed of the wire and doesn't overheat any of the sheets. As the heat is rapidly dispersed by aluminum, you must hold the weld forward such that the welds can cool easily. - Shut down the wire welder, detach from the metal, then dismount and clean the welder until the welds have been done.

<urn:uuid:d80f714c-4949-43b2-9059-b6abe35c170b>

“Seventy-Five Years of Living Providently,” Liahona, June 2011, 84 Although the Church welfare plan was not yet formalized, the early Saints recognized the importance of living a self-reliant life, caring for the poor and needy, and serving others. The Prophet Joseph Smith stated, “A man filled with the love of God, is not content with blessing his family alone, but ranges through the whole world, anxious to bless the whole human race.”1 Not long after the Church was established, small bishops’ storehouses and tithing offices were erected to help the needy. Joseph Smith instituted the gathering of fast offerings in Kirtland, Ohio, during the 1830s.2 The principle of tithing was also introduced during this period (see D&C 119). Tithing and fast offerings were paid in the form of labor, produce, and other commodities. Bishops and branch presidents oversaw the distribution of these resources as they do today.3 Many of the early Saints struggled to support themselves. To combat idleness, Church leaders and members united to find ways to create sustainable livelihoods. Some found work constructing Church buildings and completing public works projects. Others farmed and sold goods to provide for themselves and their families. As they labored together, the Saints were blessed with enough to meet their needs. While the challenges of our time are different, Latter-day Saints continue to provide for themselves and care for the poor and needy by following the teachings of the Savior and the example set by previous generations.

<urn:uuid:471a7e62-d8ad-4fea-bd2d-f0b6733ed29a>

Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Asked in grammar, sentence and word structure, example sentences make a sentence with the word apprehension. Cherry shares her philosophy on what separates the two. Numerous selfhelp books are on the market today that try to explain the. Our expert instructors have composed these lessons to help teachers plan out lessons for students as they read s. Still apprehensive about the rumble, pony questions everyones motivation for the. See the definition, listen to the word, then try to spell it correctly. When johnny and i went, we sat in the back, trying to get something out of the sermon and avoiding the people, because we werent dressed so sharp most of the time. Say the word conscious and have students show the meaning by performing the action. Start studying the outsiders chapters 4 6 vocabulary. Free the outsiders study unit worksheets for teachers to print. What is difference between tuff and tough in the outsiders. According to wikipedia, the outsiders is a comingofage novel by s. Twobit and marcia are continuing to get along, and as they walk ponyboy and cherry amaze themselves as they divulge insights as confidants. The differences in values and socioeconomic status. Learn the outsiders vocabulary chapter 2 with free interactive flashcards. Choose from 500 different sets of the outsiders vocabulary chapter 2 flashcards on quizlet. Pony is now beginning to view himself and his brothers as outsiders within the. The outsiders abc project by maggie cooper on prezi. Generate a discussion regarding people who are self. The main theme in the outsiders is social and class conflict. Johnny stammered whenever he talked about the attack he suffered at the hands of bob randle. The use of slang throughout this book is important for several reasons. Free the outsiders worksheets and literature unit for. Synonyms for apprehensive at with free online thesaurus. Slang is defined as very informal usage of language. Synonym apprehension antonym kind of word noun sentence he had a premonition of imminent disaster. The movie comes to an end and the group decides to walk over to twobits house to get his car to take the girls home. The outsiders was written by a teenager about teenagers. The outsiders vocabulary chapter 34 flashcards quizlet. Slang is a casual type of language that is playful and trendy or used. Comprehension by chapter, vocabulary challenges, creative reading response activities and projects, tests, and much more. This story deals with issues that are very close to the hearts of teens, whether in the 1960s when this book was written or today. Full glossary for the outsiders book summaries, test. Hintons novel the outsiders explores life in tulsa, oklahoma, during the early 1960s. He was pretty well crocked, which made me apprehensive.602 1472 285 1266 1433 1186 53 1268 1509 1226 498 607 667 906 1292 1538 971 269 1645 36 814 753 144 227 714 979 130 916 1547 1510 1207 182 1503 349 165 1491 91 342 743 556 1013 789 176

<urn:uuid:8b651f62-ce7e-4fe7-93f5-db7858c3dc04>

Nuclear power plants Multiple barriers protect the environment Multiple barriers protect the environment One of the key principles of nuclear safety is to have multiple barriers between radioactive substances and the environment. The first barrier is the nuclear fuel itself. During normal operation, the majority of fission products are in a solid state and will remain as part of the ceramic fuel material. A small part of the gaseous fission products ooze out of the fuel material, but in any case remain inside the tight fuel rod cladding. The second barrier for release is the cooling circuit wall. Fission products released from leaking fuel rods and radioactive corrosion products contained in the coolant remain in normal operation within a tight cooling circuit, from where they are removed in a controlled manner using a coolant cleaning system or a gas processing system and will be processed as nuclear waste later. The third barrier for release is formed by the pressure-resistant and gas-tight containment building surrounding the reactor. Its task is to contain radioactive materials released if the cooling circuit is damaged. The fourth barrier is usually formed by another building on the outside of the actual containment building, the outer containment or reactor building. Small amounts of gas that may be leaking from the actual containment building are collected from the outer containment building and discharged through filters into the outside air. Most of the radioactive materials with the exception of inert gases are captured in the filters. The redundancy principle means that safety systems are composed of several mutually compensatory parallel, i.e. redundant subsystems. For example, the system can consist of four subsystems, two of which are sufficient to carry out the required safety function. Alternatively, there may be three subsystems, where the safety function can be carried out by only one operating subsystem. The requirement in Finland is that the most important safety systems must be able to perform their tasks, even if any single device in the system is damaged and any other device related to the function is out of use due to, for example, maintenance or repair. In practice, this means that at least three parallel devices are required. The principle of separation means that parallel subsystems in safety systems are placed in such a way that their simultaneous damage due to, for example, fire or flood is unlikely. Separation can be done by placing the subsystems in different locations or by placing them in the same space at a sufficient distance from each other, or by building protective structures between the subsystems. Safety-significant systems are placed in different locations from other systems in the facility. In addition to physical separation, functional separation is also observed. This prevents the mutual interactions between adjacent or interconnected systems. Examples of this include the use of isolation transformers in electronic circuits and isolating valves in systems containing liquid or gas. The use of different operating principles, i.e. the principle of diversity, means that the same operation is carried out by systems based on different operating principles. The aim is to improve the reliability of systems, and in particular to reduce the occurrence of so-called common mode failures at the same time in different subsystems. This principle is applied, for example, on reactor shutdowns, which must be possible to be carried out using two systems based on two different principles. One system can be based on control rods and the other on pumping boron solution, which acts as a neutron absorber, into the reactor. The principle of a safe state means that when the equipment or system loses its power source (electricity, compressed air, etc.), it will be placed in a state that is as favourable as possible for plant safety. For example, an electronic protection system for the automatic starting of safety systems is implemented in such a way that the loss of the protection system's power triggers the safety condition and launches the safety system. A 30-minute rule means that the safety functions that are needed within 30 minutes after the beginning of the accident are triggered automatically. This ensures that operators have time to consider appropriate follow-up measures. Control room staff can take measures to improve the situation beforehand, but the safety functions automatically initiated by the safety system cannot be stopped from the control room, unless the value measured by the safety system returns to the normal range.

<urn:uuid:37e38ba7-a8c0-4ac1-95e6-798a74d4ce91>

Stratford and the 2012 Olympics Key stage 3 Geography Enquiry question: Who are the winners and losers from the 2012 Olympics? Knowledge and understanding • There are changes in east London from the legacy of the 2012 Olympics • Benefits from these changes are not equally shared and may have created winners and losers • Carry out an environmental quality survey • Carry out a questionnaire about the Olympic legacy • Complete a map of the Olympic Park • Draw an annotated field sketch Most students will be able to: • Compare the environmental quality of two neighbourhoods • Assess opinions about the Olympic legacy among different groups of people • Identify changes in land use in the Olympic Park since 2007 from maps and photos • Consider the changes in Stratford from different peoples’ viewpoints • Identify the winners and losers from the 2012 Olympics Students read about the promises made for the legacy of the 2012 Olympics. They study a map of the Olympic Park site in 2007 to identify the main land uses. Sheet 1: 2012 Olympic legacy Sheet 2: Olympic Park site 2007 Meet at Stratford station. Ask the students for their first impressions of Stratford. Explain that one intended legacy of the Olympics was to improve life in east London. What evidence can they see of this legacy? Who is likely to benefit? Students work in groups of four. They each choose a different character. They will represent this character through the day, to consider the impact of the Olympic legacy on them. Sheet 3: Stratford character profiles Location 1: Carpenters Estate. Walk around the neighbourhood, built during the 1960’s, including high-rise blocks, primary school and community centre. Students carry out an environmental quality survey. Mention plans for the estate to change in the future. Location 2: Stratford town centre. Split the class into two groups to carry out a questionnaire. One group will do this in centre where they will meet mainly local shoppers. The other group will do it outside the centre where they will meet mainly visitors and workers. Location 3: Olympic Park. Walk through the Olympic Park. Students complete a map to locate the key features of the park. They look at an old photo taken before 2007 and draw a field sketch at the same location to highlight the changes. They could continue the questionnaire with visitors in the park. Location 4: East Village. East Village. Walk around the neighbourhood, built as the Athletes Village for 2012, including Chobham Academy, health centre and Victory Park. Students carry out an environmental quality survey. They could continue the questionnaire with residents in the village. Sheet 4: Environmental quality survey 1 Sheet 5: Olympic legacy questionnaire Sheet 6: Olympic Park map Sheet 7: Olympic Park field sketch Sheet 8: Environmental quality survey 2 Students feedback their findings from the locations. How does environmental quality at East Village compare with the Carpenters Estate? What changes have happened at the Olympic Park site? From the questionnaire, who has benefited most from the Olympic legacy? Finally, thinking about their characters, who are the winners and losers from the 2012 Olympics? They complete a summary sheet. Sheet 9: Olympic winners and losers

<urn:uuid:cd04c8c7-a375-471a-9033-65ecb6db6ed8>

Choosing to participate in a clinical trial is a big decision that may change the course of your life. Before making that choice, it’s important to understand how cl... When you hear the word “research,” you may think about innovative treatments and breakthrough technologies but these cutting-edge therapies are only made possible with another type of research called basic science. What is basic science research, and how does it apply to kidney disease? Dr. Holly Kramer, Dr. Joseph V. Bonventre, and Ph.D. candidate Hannah Wesselman break it down. What is basic science? Basic science studies how the body works and how diseases change it over time. "In regards to kidney disease, basic science explains how the kidneys filter blood and excrete waste products. It tells us that the kidney is involved in maintaining blood pressure, how it regulates components of the blood, and how it balances fluids in the body. It tells us how kidneys make hormones, which affect the bone and blood content of the body," said Dr. Bonventre. "Basic science also explains what can go wrong with the kidneys." To study the kidneys and other human body systems, scientists use animal models. "I work with zebrafish as a model organism to study kidney development. While the zebrafish's kidney looks different from a human, the basic fundamental processes are similar," Wesselman said. "We can use this model to ask questions that are important to answer in order for us to get to more applicable human studies." For example, one area of research involves identifying every cell in the kidney. "We want to know what the cell does under normal conditions, how it changes in response to disease, and how they interact with each other during both conditions," said Dr. Bonventre. "We’re trying to understand how nature puts everything together. By taking it one piece at a time, we can generate part of it. Someday we hope to generate an entire new kidney in a dish so we can give it to patients in need." Want to get involved in kidney disease research? Sign up to find current patient-centered research studies looking for people like you to share their insights and experiences. Bridging the gap between theory and application Understanding the kidney's structure and how it works is only the start. Researchers also use basic science to determine whether or not new treatments cause more harm than good. "You can test organisms like zebrafish to see if something works to protect the kidney or is toxic to it. This is very important because many drugs developed for patients with problems like cancer or heart disease are excreted or metabolized by the kidneys and liver," said Dr. Bonventre. "This type of testing allows us to develop or use these new treatments in vitro, meaning outside of the body. Afterwards, we can predict whether or not we need to worry about the patient's kidneys when they're given these drugs." These foundational studies also allow scientists to test medications or therapies in people who experience issues like low blood pressure. "We can make the animal model's kidney have less oxygen to test what happens if someone's blood pressure goes very low. We can test what would happen if a patient develops an infection during surgery," Dr. Bonventre said. "We treat the animals with a variety of drugs to see which works. We can also grow human kidney cells in a dish to see how these treatments work on human tissue before moving on to human testing." Other scientists don't just use animals for testing purposes–some are trying to figure out how to transplant an animal's organ to the human body, called xenotransplantation. "There aren't enough human organs to go around," Dr. Bonventre said. "Pig kidneys could help more people receive timely transplants." Moving to clinical research Once animal testing is complete, scientists move to clinical research. "Clinical research is a broad term. It could mean utilizing previously collected data or doing cohort studies, where scientists follow people over time to see who does or does not develop disease and how a disease progresses," Dr. Kramer said. "Clinical trials, where people are randomly assigned an intervention or a placebo, also fall into the clinical research category." Clinical trials have different stages, each with its own goals. If a new medication or treatment is successful in one stage, it moves on to the next until it gets approved by the FDA for public use. Even after approval, more testing is done to learn about its effects on people with different diseases or in the long term. The phases of clinical trials include: - Phase I: Testing a small group to find the best dosage and identify any side effects. - Phase II: Testing involves more people to see if the treatment works and if most people can tolerate it. - Phase III: Compares the new treatment with existing ones to see if it's better or has fewer side effects. - Phase IV: The treatment is approved for public use, and further trials are conducted to see how it affects specific groups, like those with kidney disease. Funding new research Despite the prevalence of chronic kidney disease, kidney disease research doesn't receive nearly the same amount of financing as other chronic diseases. In 2020, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) spent only $700 million on chronic kidney disease research, just 2% of the funding provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Funding for the NIH increased by 37% between 2015 and 2020, but the budget for kidney research only increased by about half of that percentage. "We're only spending about $18.00 per patient for kidney research compared to $305 per cancer patient and $50 per cardiovascular patient. We need money for the basic and clinical sides of research to make significant progress," Dr. Kramer said. "If you're a patient or a patient family member you can help by joining NKF's advocacy group, Voices for Kidney Health. We need your voice to get people to recognize that this largely asymptomatic disease is killing millions every year and reducing quality of life." Looking for the latest in kidney research, care, and treatment? Subscribe to Hot Topics in Kidney Health, the podcast that examines important kidney topics, brings in the experts, and provides actionable tips that you can start using today. It's National Kidney Month! Celebrate by taking control of your kidney health with eight NKF programs designed to help you do just that. Table of contents Minute f...

<urn:uuid:8e84a8c5-5bd1-4b1f-b549-0c9dca009523>

Understanding the Stigma of Mental Illness What is Stigma? You have heard the word, because it is mentioned in conversation, but when you ask someone the definition of stigma, a clear answer is hard to come by. If you were asked to define stigma, what would your answer be? The definition of stigma, according to Merriam Webster is, a set of negative and often unfair beliefs that a society or group of people have about something. It can also mean a mark of shame of discredit, an identifying mark or characteristic, and can refer to a scar or identifying mark on a person’s body. The writers at nami.org gave an even better stigma definition when they said that it is, “an attempt to label a particular group of people as less worthy of respect than others.” This statement rings true and it is often how the mentally ill are treated. Often stereotyped and stigmatized, those among us with mental illnesses are often misunderstood by the population at large. Unless you have spent time with those who are, mentally ill it is often hard to understand their particular plight. The outcome of judgment from others, as well as from the mentally ill themselves, has a demoralizing effect on them, making their road to wellness even more difficult. The Stigma of Mental Illness What does stigma mean? Stigmatizing the mentally ill can lead to discrimination that is obvious and direct or it can be subtle and hard to detect. Negative remarks and name-calling is obvious, however, avoidance and judgment of others because of their mental illness is not as obvious and the scars that are left behind are hard to see. This behavior from others can lead them to judge themselves more harshly than if they were getting positive support for their illness. Mental illness stigma can be formed by the mentally ill or from those with preconceived ideas regarding mental illness. Thus, the stigma of mental illness, while already having a demoralizing effect on those who are affected by it, get a double whammy when they are subjected to the behavior that others have toward them. This can cause them harm and prevent them from getting well and can lead to harmful effects, such as: - Unwillingness to seek help or medical treatment - Fear of job loss due to their personal stigma concerning mental illness - Fear that your family, friends and co-workers will not understand - You think that because you have a mental illness, that you are a failure - You fear that harassment, physical violence or bullying may occur from those with stigma concerning the mentally ill These points lead to mental health stigma, which many with mental illnesses have, as do those who could best help them, worsening their situation. Due to the above-mentioned points, they have fears that prevent them from seeking help. Family members and friends may also hold mental health assistance in a bad light, further aggravating the situation. Stigmas held toward those with mental illness are common. Many people have a tendency to believe that the mentally ill are inherently dangerous; while the truth is that, the mentally ill are largely more harmful to themselves than to anyone else. Mental Health Stigma Mental health stigma is broken into two parts. Social stigma is discrimination and prejudicial attitudes toward those with mental health problems. While self-stigma or perceived stigma is the attitudes that those with mental health issues have toward themselves and their perception of discrimination toward them. The recognition by the mentally ill of the stigma surrounding them every day is as big an obstruction to their wellness, as the illness itself. They know when they are being talked about or shunned. Many already have a negative idea about those who are mentally ill, and their words, attitudes, and body language can easily indicate their discomfort, which is easily detected. Just because someone is mentally ill, does not make them unable to function in the world around them and understand the attitudes that are directed toward them. Finding support to help them with their illness is crucial for the mentally ill. It doesn’t need to be medical support only, the support of friends; family, co-workers and employers are as big a factor in the wellness of the mentally ill, as is medical support. Going beyond your fears and the fears of your family member or friend who is mentally ill can be rewarding for you both. Fear drives much this misunderstanding on both sides. For the ones dealing with the mentally ill, they have the fear in the back of their mind that this could happen to them. For the mentally ill, they feel less than, because they don’t have the capacity to do the things, they were capable of prior to their illness, in some cases. Either way, the mentally ill get the short end of the stick due to stigma and a preconceived notion by many concerning those who are mentally ill. The Fallout from Stigmatization of the Mentally Ill Often unable to help themselves, the mentally ill become much of our homeless population. Approximately one-third of the homeless population is thought to be mentally ill. With a homeless population in excess of 600,000 people in the United States, that number represents over 200,000 mentally ill individuals homeless. Due to their illness, they are often subjected bullying, assault, and threats. This goes for the homeless that are mentally ill, as well as for those who are treated badly due to their stigma, causing them to lose value in themselves, as well as the reaction of others toward them due to their stigma. Behaviors that stem from stigma toward the mentally ill can put them in a cycle of abuse if help is not sought for both the individual who suffers from mental illness, and for those around them who can aid in their maintenance of their illness. Help Break the Cycle The difficult thing about mental illness is that it is not always evident and can be mistaken for other illnesses. Those who suffer from the illness are often hesitant to seek help. Even opening up to someone that they love can be difficult, because the loss of control of themselves can leave them feeling as if they are a failure because they cannot Sally forth, as they have always done in the past. Getting involved in the community with one of the many non-profits that help the mentally ill can give you a better understanding of the issues facing these individuals. If you have family members or friends who you are concerned about, let them know that you are there for them and understand their fears. Working together will help everyone dealing with mental illness overcome the stigma’s and stereotypes that would hold them back for a healthy life. Working Toward a Better Understanding Mental illness has no age, gender, race or geographical monopoly on which it inflicts its difficulties. It is found in society from the least to the greatest, in terms of financial ability. It is not a respecter of people. Understanding those around you, whether you are mentally ill or associated with those who are, is the beginning of their wellness, as well as nurturing a more complete relationship between you and them. Your relationship due to their illness may change the way that you relate to each other. Don’t think that you have lost something, nor have they, what you develop with each other now, due to the illness could be the best relationship that you and a loved one, friend or workmate have ever had if you learn to work your way through it together. Recognizing mental illness and dealing with it early can lead to a better life. Be the one that offers a helping hand to the mentally ill, not one who makes their disability harder to bear. If you need help, seek it. Put your fears aside and do it for yourself and the people you love.

<urn:uuid:6b7b48df-d28d-4f5c-896f-deceed53c1ec>

Organizing storage for feed and supplies in a farm animal shelter is an essential aspect of agricultural management that promises efficiency, safety, and the well-being of animals. A well-structured storage system ensures that feed remains fresh and nutritious, supplies are readily accessible, and waste is minimized. With various animals under one’s care, each with unique dietary and maintenance requirements, the task of keeping everything orderly can be daunting. However, by implementing strategic storage solutions tailored to the specific needs of the shelter, one can streamline daily operations. The cornerstone of effective storage organization involves understanding the types and amounts of feed necessary for the different animals, as well as the assortment of supplies, such as medical equipment, grooming tools, and bedding materials, needed for their upkeep. By creating an inventory system to keep track of what is on hand, farm managers can avoid overstocking which may lead to spoilage, or understocking which could result in emergency shortages. This proactive approach not only promotes the efficient use of resources but also aids in budget management by preventing unnecessary purchases. Furthermore, practical considerations like the spatial design of the storage area, as well as maintaining optimal conditions to preserve feed quality, are paramount. The layout should allow for easy access and movement, while protective measures against pests, moisture, or extreme temperatures must be taken into account. For instance, feed might be kept in sealed containers or climate-controlled rooms, and hazardous materials should be stored securely to prevent accidents. By integrating these aspects, a well-organized farm animal shelter ensures operational fluency, which translates to a more conducive environment for the health and growth of the animals. Inventory Management and Labeling Systems Inventory management and labeling systems are critical components of organizing storage for feed and supplies in a farm animal shelter. Efficient inventory management involves tracking the quantities of different feeds and supplies, monitoring their usage rates, and replenishing them as necessary to ensure a continuous supply. This can prevent shortages and overstocking, which can affect the health of animals and the finances of the shelter. Labeling is an integral part of inventory management as it helps in the quick identification of different items. Labels should include essential information such as the type of feed, the date of purchase or production, expiration dates, and any special storage instructions. Using a consistent labeling system can significantly enhance the efficiency of the feeding process, as workers can easily locate and dispense the correct feed without confusion or errors. To effectively organize storage, every type of feed and supply should have a designated area within the storage facility. This arrangement helps in maintaining order and saves time when retrieving items. Clear, durable labels should be used to mark each area and ideally be resistant to the conditions of the storage environment, such as moisture or temperature fluctuations. Moreover, implementing a digital inventory management system can be beneficial. Such a system can track inventory levels in real-time, generate restocking alerts, and provide reports that help in forecasting future needs based on historical consumption patterns. This use of technology can streamline operations, making the inventory management process more efficient and accurate. Proper inventory management and labeling are not just about organization—they also impact the quality of the care provided to the animals. By ensuring feeds and supplies are fresh, properly stored, and easily accessible, the shelter can provide optimal nutrition and care, leading to healthier and happier animals. Regular reviews and updates to the inventory management process can contribute to ongoing improvements in storage organization within a farm animal shelter. Segregation and Storage of Different Feed Types When it comes to the management of a farm animal shelter, properly organizing storage for feed and supplies is crucial in maintaining the health and welfare of the animals. Segregating different feed types can greatly enhance the efficiency and safety of a farm operation. First and foremost, the segregation of feed types helps prevent cross-contamination that can occur when different feeds mix, which might be harmful if certain animals ingest feed meant for another species or if medicated feed gets mixed with non-medicated options. It also reduces the risk of the spread of diseases between different animal groups. To achieve this, farm managers should invest in separate storage containers or compartments, clearly labeled for each type of feed. The use of color-coding systems can also aid in quickly identifying the correct feed type, which is especially handy in large operations where multiple workers are involved in the feeding process. It is also advised that feeds for different species be stored in separate areas entirely when possible, to further minimize any chance of contamination or mix-ups. Another important aspect of organizing storage for animal feed and supplies is establishing a first-in, first-out (FIFO) system. This system ensures that older stock is used before the new stock, reducing the likelihood of feed becoming stale or exceeding its expiration date, which is common in improperly managed storage systems. Beyond feed, supplies such as medicines, cleaning agents, tools, and equipment should also be stored correctly. Pharmaceuticals, for instance, should be kept in a secure and temperature-controlled environment to preserve their efficacy, while tools and equipment should be kept clean, organized, and in a designated area to ensure they are easily accessible and maintained in good working order. In summary, segregating and storing different feed types in a farm animal shelter involve systematic approaches to prevent contamination, preserve the quality of feed, and ensure the proper use of all supplies. This involves using separate storage containers, implementing color-coding systems, practicing FIFO inventory management, and maintaining a clean, organized, and well-structured storage facility for all farm supplies. Proper training for all personnel on these protocols is vital to ensure that best practices are followed consistently. Pest Control and Feed Protection When dealing with feed and supplies in a farm animal shelter, pest control and feed protection are critical components to ensuring the health and well-being of the animals. Pest infestations not only pose a risk to the quality and safety of the animal feed but can also lead to the spread of diseases among the livestock. Effective pest control starts with proper storage and handling of animal feeds. The feed should be stored in airtight containers that are resistant to tampering by rodents or insects. These containers help to prevent contamination and preserve the nutritional quality of the feed by keeping out moisture and pests. It is also advisable to elevate these containers off the ground to deter pests such as rats and mice, and to allow for easier cleaning of the storage area. Another vital step in pest management is maintaining a clean and orderly storage area. Regular cleaning schedules should be established to remove feed spills, which could attract pests. Additionally, the surrounding area should be kept free of long grass, debris, and stagnant water, as these can be breeding grounds for pests. It is essential to fix any gaps or holes in the storage facility’s structure to prevent pests from entering. The use of natural predators or biological controls can also form part of an integrated pest management strategy. For instance, barn cats can help to control rodent populations, while certain insects can be introduced to combat other pests that are problematic for feed storage. Chemical pest control, through pesticides, should be used judiciously and as a last resort, due to the potential for contamination and the impact on the wider environment. If needed, seek professional advice on the most suitable and safe pesticides to use, and always adhere to the recommended guidelines for their application. Together with these measures, it is also crucial to regularly inspect the storage areas for signs of pest activity. This includes checking for droppings, damage to packaging, and the presence of live or dead pests. Early detection means that action can be taken before an infestation becomes established, thus safeguarding the feed and supplies. In summary, organizing storage for feed and supplies in a farm animal shelter to include stringent pest control measures is critical. Employing a multifaceted approach that incorporates proper storage containers, facility maintenance, good hygiene practices, biological controls, and careful use of pesticides will ensure that animal feeds remain uncontaminated and safe for consumption, contributing to the overall success of the farm’s animal husbandry practices. Climate Control and Moisture Management Climate control and moisture management are critical considerations for the efficient organization of storage feed and supplies in a farm animal shelter. Improper climate and humidity levels can adversely affect the quality of feed and can lead to the growth of mold or the proliferation of pests, which can both put the health of the animals at risk and lead to economic losses. Keeping the storage area at a consistent and appropriate temperature is vital. Depending on the climate and the type of feed, this may involve the use of heating systems to prevent freezing during cold weather or cooling systems to keep feed from overheating in hot conditions. Ventilation is equally important as it circulates air and helps prevent the build-up of moisture and heat, which are two factors that can dramatically increase the risk of mold growth and the presence of contaminants. Managing moisture is also key. Feed should always be kept dry. Improper handling of feed or a leaky storage facility can introduce moisture, which can compromise the feed’s integrity. Therefore, it is important to ensure that roofs and walls are in good repair and that there are facilities in place, such as dehumidifiers or well-designed ventilation systems, that will effectively manage the humidity levels within the storage area. It’s not just the feed that needs protection; supplies, such as medicines, supplements, and other perishable items, may also require controlled environments, depending on their nature and the manufacturer’s storage recommendations. Implementing a rigorous climate control and moisture management plan typically involves: 1. Installing proper insulation to maintain an even temperature and avoid the effects of external weather conditions. 2. Utilizing thermostats and sensors to monitor and adjust the temperature and humidity within storage areas. 3. Investing in dehumidifiers or humidity absorbers to reduce the risk of dampness. 4. Ensuring that all storage containers are sealed properly to ward off external humidity and pests. 5. Regularly maintaining roofing and flooring to prevent leaks, which could erode climate control efforts. In designing a storage system that incorporates climate control and moisture management, it is invaluable to consult with agricultural extension services or storage solution professionals, who can recommend the most current and effective strategies tailored to the specific needs of the farm animal shelter. Ensuring that these aspects are managed effectively will contribute to the longevity of stored feed and supplies, reduce waste, and ultimately, guarantee that the animals are receiving fresh and nutritious feed. Space Optimization and Accessibility Space optimization and accessibility are key components in organizing storage for feed and supplies in a farm animal shelter. Proper organization of space not only ensures the efficient use of the available area but also promotes easy access to feed and supplies, which can significantly enhance the daily operations of a farm. Here’s a closer look at the concept and some strategies to manage space effectively: **Maximizing Available Space:** First and foremost, it’s crucial to make the best use of the available storage area. This can be achieved by using shelving units that reach up towards the ceiling, taking advantage of vertical space. The use of stackable bins or containers can also contribute to space efficiency. It’s essential, however, to abide by any safety regulations regarding stacking heights to prevent accidents. **Designing for Accessibility:** Having a well-thought-out layout is vital. This means positioning the most frequently used items in easily reachable locations and ensuring that aisles are wide enough to facilitate movement, especially if machinery or equipment is used to move the feed and supplies around. It’s also beneficial to keep similar items together and create a logical order, which can speed up retrieval times and reduce confusion. **Flexible Storage Solutions:** As the needs of the farm may change with seasons or with the addition of different animals, using adjustable shelving and movable storage units can offer the flexibility required to adapt to changing storage needs. Being able to reorganize the space quickly and efficiently without the need for significant infrastructure changes is a huge advantage. **Implementing a Systematic Approach:** Creating a map or diagram of the storage area can greatly enhance the ability to optimize space and maintain accessibility. Using clear labeling and maintaining a consistent organization system helps staff to know exactly where each item is supposed to be, which reduces the time spent searching for supplies. **Incorporating Technology:** Modern farm operations can benefit from inventory management software to track the storage locations and levels of feed and supplies. This technology can also help in predicting future needs, tracking usage rates, and can alert staff when it’s time to reorder, which can help in maintaining an organized and efficient space. **Training Staff:** Lastly, it’s important to train all staff members on the organization system in place. They should be well-aware of the protocols for storing and retrieving items, as well as maintaining the orderliness of the space. Encouraging staff to return items to their designated spots ensures the system’s effectiveness. By placing a strong emphasis on space optimization and accessibility in a farm animal shelter, operators can minimize feed waste, save time during feeding and restocking, and ultimately provide better care for the animals. It’s an ongoing process that requires regular assessment and adjustments to align with the evolving needs of the farm.

<urn:uuid:c13215a7-a311-4dc6-a4cb-fbf9bf7f3313>

DELIGHTS OF GOD’S LAW Psalm 119 “Open my eyes that I may see wonderful things in Your Law” (Ps. 119:18).This, the longest psalm in the Bible, contains a series of eight-line meditations based on each of the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The psalm celebrates a revelation which brings delight, because each fresh word from God reveals not just information but its Author. Definition of Key Terms Some eight different Hebrew synonyms are used in referring to Scripture. These are: Dabar (“word”), a general term for any form of divine revelation. Torah (“law”), a teaching, indicating a single command, the Books of Moses, or all of Scripture. Piqqudim (“precepts”), detailed instructions given by God as guardian of His people. Huqqim (“statutes”), binding laws engraved on a permanent record. Mispatim (“ordinances”), judgments made by God, containing God’s judgments concerning man’s rights and duties. Miswot (“commandments”), orders given by competent authority. ˒Edot (“testimonies”), vivid and unmistakable witnesses to man of God’s will. ˒Imra (“promise”), a term often translated “word,” suggesting the trustworthiness of divine truth in any form. Together these words form a clear picture of the Scriptures. They are God’s authoritative Word, in which we can have complete confidence, and through which we learn to trust God and to live a life characterized by godliness. Twenty-two brief meditations, each launched with a different letter of the Hebrew alphabet, delight the reader. They speak of the love revealed in words which unveil the Author and serve as light to guide the believer all his or her life. Understanding the Text Each of the 22 meditations found here has great value. What follows is only a sample of the richness available to us in the 119th Psalm. “How can a young man keep his way pure?” Ps. 119:9–16 We tell Sarah, at nine, how important it is to keep her dental appliance in her mouth. Somehow she can’t grasp the fact that it is either this, or wear metal during her teen years. Sarah is like the “young man” of this verse. She is too inexperienced to have gained wisdom, or be able to judge the future consequences of present actions. How the young need a guide to life’s good! In a sense each of us is “young.” None of us has the wisdom to make right moral choices on his own. And so in grace God gave us His Word to live by. He did not intend to restrict or limit us, but to guide us along paths that assure blessing. We then are faced with a single basic choice. Will we or will we not “stray from Your commands”? If we are to remain safely on that path, we need to hide God’s Word in our hearts (v. 11), recount His laws (v. 13), rejoice in following His statutes (v. 14), meditate on his precepts (v. 15), and never neglect His Word (v. 16). We tell Sarah, “Trust us. Keep your appliance in your mouth, and you’ll have no regrets in the future.” For Sarah too there is only one issue. Do what we say, no matter how little she wants to at various times. Perhaps Psalm 119 can be viewed as the psalmist speaking to you and me as Sarah’s mom and I speak to her. “Trust God,” he said. “Concentrate on knowing and doing God’s Word. If you do, you can be sure. Your future will be bright.” “Turn my eyes away from worthless things” Ps. 119:33–40. What a desperate need we have for perspective. For Sarah, our nine-year-old, everything she passes in the store or sees on TV awakens desire. She sees a colorful tote bag, and wants it. Never mind the fact that she has various bags at home, and has no need. She sees a delightful stuffed bear, and wants it. No matter that the attic has a box of stuffed animals given to her by adoring relatives. When warned against asking for another thing, she says to me, “Buy this bathing suit, Daddy. You deserve it.” I tell her, “I don’t need swim trunks. I already have some.” She pouts, and can’t understand when I tell her that even if I had a million dollars I wouldn’t buy what I don’t need. How hard it is, in a materialistic culture, not only to bring up a child, but even to tell the difference between our own “wants” and “needs.” And so the psalmist asked God to direct him “in the path of Your commands,” and said, “for there I find delight.” As I read on I realize how much I need the Word of God to give me perspective. I know that delight is found in the path of God’s commands, not in possessions or pleasures. Yet I need His Word to: Turn my heart toward Your statutes and not toward selfish gain. Turn my eyes away from worthless things; renew my life according to Your Word. I can’t afford to lose the perspective on reality that can be found only in God’s rich and wonderful Word. “I have kept my feet from every evil path” Ps. 119:97–104. One thing you can’t get away from is people. Whether they are your enemies or your friends, you and I are always surrounded by others. Young Sarah finds that both enemies and friends exert a terrible influence. “But everyone has this kind of lunchbox,” she complains. “The new one you bought me is junky.” Or, “Why can’t I have a notebook like Heather’s?” Pouting, at times whining, always fearful she won’t be accepted or liked if she doesn’t have or do what the other kids have or do, Sarah at nine is learning about the tyranny of other’s expectations. We tell her that people will like her for herself, and that she doesn’t need to follow the crowd. But that is hard for little ones, and even for most adults, to realize. The psalmist, however, had made a commitment that guarded his heart against the tyranny of both enemies and friends. “I love Your Law,” he said, and “I meditate on it all day long.” God’s commands made him “wiser than my enemies,” and he cared little for their taunts. Through God’s Word he had “more insight than all my teachers,” and “more understanding than the elders.” The psalmist was able to stand back and evaluate the ways others followed, and to make his own choices, not just mimic them. “I meditate on Your statutes,” he said. “I obey Your precepts.” And we too, through that Word of God which becomes increasingly sweet as we know and obey it, find freedom from the expectations of others, and learn to “hate every wrong path.” One Step at a Time(Ps. 119:105–112) One of the most helpful images in Psalm 119 is found in verse 105. “Your Word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path.” In Bible times there were no powerful flashlights. The traveler carried a small oil lamp, whose flax wick gave off only a little light. There was enough to see by. Not enough to see what lay ahead down the path, but enough to take the next step without stumbling or falling. What a reminder for us. The Word of God is a lamp to our path. It doesn’t illuminate our future, but it does shine in our present. God’s Word gives us the light we need to take our next step in life. If we fill our minds and hearts with God’s Word, we will have the light we need to know what we must do next. “I would distinguish between academic study and more general study of the Bible. At one level—and perhaps this is the most important level—I approach the Bible with a readiness and an expectation to hear the voice of God there. But there is no conflict between that more devotional use of the Bible and its academic study. I have sought to make available to my hearers, in a form they can assimilate, the results of my trying to enable them, like myself, to recognize and apply the voice of God in Holy Scripture.”—F.F. Bruce

<urn:uuid:0eb7dfb5-0ca5-4c37-8b8b-f682d55dafda>

Our Topic this term is entitled 'Remembrance'. When was World War One and how has this impacted life today? How and why is it remembered? World War One started 1914 and ended in 1918. The Allies (Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States of America) fought against the Central Powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire). Fighting in World War One caused mass loss of life and events within this time, including The Battle of the Somme, left a devastating impact. Soldiers and animals gave their lives for their countries. War Horses were transported into the country for the purpose of war but was this morally justifiable and does everyone share the same opinion on this? Today, we commemorate the loss of life through remembrance services and through the symbol of the poppy. But what were the long-lasting effects of World War One and how did this lead to the Second World War? Year 6 have started their learning on WW1 with their Lift Off Day. We've learned the significance of the poppy and their different colours. We've made wreaths in pairs, we've made clay poppies and we've collaborated to make a giant poppy using different media such as watercolours, felt tips and paints. Last week, year 4, 5 and 6 were treated to a musical performance by a trombone group called the Old bones. The children listened to different types of music and were asked questions about them after.

<urn:uuid:8716e385-ebaf-4be7-a395-9080ca67e434>

Dutch Scientists Invented a Robotic Heart Covered with Human Body Tissues A team of scientists from the Netherlands has developed the world’s first robotic heart covered with human body tissues. The “hybrid heart” consists of artificial muscles and sensors and is covered with tissues of the recipient’s body grown in the laboratory. Scientists are confident that in the future, this innovation will save many lives. In collaboration with the British Heart Foundation, scientists plan to make the first artificial heart transplant in 2028. If everything goes as planned, it will be a real revolution in transplant surgery. Today, many thousands of people die cause they didn’t get a heart transplant on time. The organ is transplanted from a suddenly deceased person, whose heart is completely healthy, and whose relatives agree to this. The number of people in need of a new organ far exceeds the capabilities of transplant medicine. “There is a huge shortage in donor organs and in a way that’s good. Every donor organ means that somewhere else, someone young has died”, says Professor Jolanda Kluin from the University of Amsterdam, one of the artificial heart creators. “A hybrid heart could create the first-ever solution for end-stage heart failure”. An artificial heart works as follows. The source of power for it is electricity. It reaches the heart wirelessly from a nearby power source located in the patient’s clothing. A small battery is implanted into the recipient’s body, which can nourish the heart for an hour. This time is enough to take a shower or swim when the power source is unavailable. The body’s own tissues will serve as the artificial heart`s outer shell — they will be grown from the recipient’s cells in the laboratory. If this condition is not met, the body will reject the transplanted organ. Covered with the human own tissues, a hybrid heart is perceived by the body as its own. Scientists have patented their invention and are now testing it on animals. Previous attempts to develop a robotic heart were made in France, where a 76-year-old man died in 2014, 2.5 months after surgery. The heart was made of polyurethane and covered with tissues grown from the cells of a cow’s heart.

<urn:uuid:1457035b-b9ec-4fe1-b1be-f10bd432d5cc>

(FS120000) (Published Feb 2019 replacing 2012) A risk assessment is not about creating huge amounts of paperwork, but rather about identifying sensible measures to control the risks in your activities. Activities encourage the development of young people and they can experience a great sense of achievement in completing them. Some degree of risk is unavoidable but it is - and should be - much less than the participant perceives. We seek to provide: EXCITEMENT but not DANGER; ADVENTURE but not HAZARD. Everything we do involves an element of risk, so we need to put a plan in place. Accordingly we need to assess and control the risks associated with activities in order to minimise the chance of injury. There are just five steps to assessing risk. (Click the link to see the diagram enlarged) A hazard is anything that could cause harm. In the context of activities, a hazard could be weather, equipment, the way you are doing it or something else. Look at all your activities, including non-routine tasks. Look at what actually happens rather than what should happen. Look for the hazards which are really obvious, not every single little thing. Who is involved in the activity - Young People, adults, visitors? Participants with additional needs? What could happen to cause them harm? A risk is the chance - high or low - that someone will be harmed by the hazard. Controls are ways of removing or reducing risk. Ask: - Can I get rid of the hazard altogether? (E.g. not crossing a road but using a bridge or underpass). - What is a less risky option? - How can we reduce the risk of people being in contact with the hazard? (E.g.Use a zebra crossing rather than any busy point on the road) - What sort of instructions do participants need for the activity? A written sheet? Simple rules for a game? - Have you asked somebody that has done it before if they have any tips? - Do they have to wear any protective / safety clothing e.g. gloves, climbing harness, walking boots Record and communicate it effectively and appropriately.How do you involve other leaders and young people in writing the risk assessment? How will you inform them about the risks identified and the controls in place to keep them safe? It’s really good practice to write your own risk assessment down. If you’re sharing by discussing with others, make sure you have all the key points ready and don’t miss them out. A checklist of bullet points will help you. If you haven’t got a risk assessment written down or your plans change at the last minute, make sure you’ve discuss them with someone else so they understand what’s changed to make the activity safe.

<urn:uuid:fdb514bc-6879-40c6-bd10-39f5fd8c71b2>

First-person narrations may be told like third-person (or omniscient) ones, ..... One famous example is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, which is a story written in a Examples of writing in third person include simple writing from the third person point of view. It uses pronouns like he, she, it, or they. Jan 20, 2011 ... You probably know what it means to write in the first person, but you may ... following example of a sentence that uses the first person--with both ... Examples of sentences written from the third person point of view: She went to the library to consult with the reference librarian about her paper's topic. When he "He is just what a young man ought to be," said she, "sensible, good humoured, lively; and I never saw such happy manners! In this case, the dialogue tags, of course, vary between "I said," when Ishmael is talking, and "he answered," when the other person -- B... More » May 14, 2015 ... For academic purposes, third person writing means that the writer must ... Correct example: “Even though Smith thinks this way, others in the ... The power of first person is the intimacy you can ... Figure out why you want to write first- or third-person, and then ... Examples of Third Person Pronouns in Different Cases. Here are the third ... If you're asked to write in the third person, use he/she/it or nouns. For example:. Essay Writing: First-Person and Third-Person Points of View ... Example: "I first heard about this coastal island two years ago, when the newspapers reported the May 12, 2015 ... In this lesson, we will define third person limited narration. We will ... other points of view. Then, we will look at a couple of examples from well-known literary texts. .... 12 - The Writing Process for 10th Grade: Help and Review.

<urn:uuid:ffdb074f-6ac1-4eab-820f-756c096d7997>

Presentation on theme: "Increasing self-determination through involvement in the IEP process Student-led IEPs."— Presentation transcript: Increasing self-determination through involvement in the IEP process Student-led IEPs Pre/Post Assessment 1. Which statement is true about student-led IEP? a) Student participates in some way during the IEP meeting b) Student has to run the entire meeting c) Student attends the meeting but does not participate 2. Students need to practice their participation before the actual meeting. True or False 3. What is one student benefit of a student-led IEP? a) Student will get all A’s b) Student will have an opportunity to practice self-determination skills c) Student will never misbehave again 4. What is one teacher benefit of a student-led IEP? a) Teacher no longer has to speak at the IEP meeting b) Teacher no longer has to write IEPs c) Positive relationships develop between teacher, parent, and student 5. What is one administrator benefit of a student-led IEP? a) Administrator no longer attends IEP meetings b) Students with self-determination skills tend to not drop out of school c) Administrator does not speak at the IEP meeting a) Few things help an individual more than to place responsibility upon him, and to let him know that you trust him. ~ Booker T. Washington The price of greatness is responsibility. ~Winston Churchill What are Student-Led IEPs? Introduce meeting participants Present important information Prepare/present select pieces Lead entire meeting Who is a good candidate? Level 1 Introduce self or others Level 2 Building on Level 1 skills Goal of leading own IEP meeting Prepare visual aid (i.e. PowerPoint) All About Me All Students You can use a variety of communication styles to accommodate student needs Level 3 Building on Level 2 skills Cooperatively develop all aspects of the IEP Chair the meeting Student-Led IEP meeting vs. Traditional IEP meeting Differences? More focused on student IEP more relevant to student needs Meeting maintains positive focus and interactions Student Benefits Better understanding and awareness of: Disability IEP process and relevance Self-determination skills Parent Benefits Increased parent involvement and voice Improved communication with teacher More self-determined youth Positive interaction with school personnel Teacher Benefits Positive relationships with student/parent IEP meeting centered on student needs The IEP process makes sense to everybody involved... “It’s not just paperwork anymore” Administrator Benefits Increase in graduation rates SPP Indicator 1 Decrease in drop out rates SPP Indicator 2 Decrease in inappropriate behavior SPP Indicator 4 Challenges Preparation Time Where to present lessons Direct instruction Disability Awareness Self-determination Legal jargon/information Confidentiality Change is always a struggle! Getting Started Choose students Explain process Preparation time Begin working Independent worksheets Interview format Involve Parents and IEP Team members Working with the student... Review parts of IEP Determine level of participation Begin writing chosen pieces/create presentation Student may type or dictate Use actual document or Break up into smaller assignments Highlight areas student will present Working with the student… Increase disAbility and Ability awareness Impact on functioning Discuss meeting structure How long?, Who attends?... Discuss laws Pre-graduation (IDEA 04) Post-graduation (ADA) Working with the student… Discuss relaxation techniques Hold mock meetings--Practice! Working with the student… Determine seating Create back-up plan Establish prompts and encouragement Working with the student… Provide PRAISE! Encourage thank you notes Debrief and request feedback What will I do next… Pick 1 student Determine level of involvement Get Started! Sources Council for Exceptional Children www.cec.sped.org www.cec.sped.org National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities www.nichcy.org www.nichcy.org

<urn:uuid:1c68219d-8015-471b-ada3-c790f03f2501>

The crops used for food and agriculture at present are the product of years of natural evolution, selection by farmers and Scientific plant breeding. But, today, the diversity of plant species is subject to serious threats, among them pollution, resource degradation, destruction of habitats and alteration of ecosystems. Loss of species irreversibly reduces the genetic store on which future crop improvement and adaptability depends. BEFORE the rise of the earliest civilizations, our ancestors were identifying, developing and using plant genetic resources, favouring certain wild plants over others for their unique characteristics and selecting those most suited to their needs. Slowly, these practices have led to the domestication of virtually all of the agricultural species we depend on today for food, feed, flavouring, fibre, materials for shelter, fertilizers, fuel and medicines. Even so, cultivated crops represent a very small portion of what is available in nature. Of the several hundred thousand known plant species, some 120 are cultivated for human food. But just nine of these crops supply over 75 percent of global plant-derived energy intake and of these, only three - wheat, rice and mane -account for more than 50 percent. At the local level, however, many less commercial crops are important for subsistence. An estimated 80 percent of the vitamin A and more than a third of the vitamin C in the diet of Africa's people are supplied by traditional food plants. Forest dwellers, who use at least 1 300 plant species for medicinal and related purposes, have contributed to the discovery of an estimated three-quarters of the plant-derived prescription drugs widely used in the developed world today. The active ingredients found in 25 percent of prescription drugs come from plants. THE GENES found in the largely untapped wealth of undomesticated plants can I provide the key to the improved crops we will need to feed the world's population in the future. For example, during the 1970s, the grassy-stunt virus devastated rice fields from India to Indonesia, endangering the world's single most important food crop. A gene from an Indian wild relative was used to confer resistance to varieties that are now grown across 11 million ha of Asian rice fields. Genetic diversity helps crops to withstand changes in environment, climate and agricultural methods as well as threats from pests and diseases. In each of the planet's diverse ecosystems, biological diversity is at the root of a complex ecological balance. The CHIEF CAUSE of loss of genetic diversity- referred to as genetic erosion - has been the spread of modern, commercial agriculture. The introduction of new, highly uniform varieties has resulted in the loss of traditional farmers' varieties. Unfortunately, genetic erosion is almost always associated with - or even preceded by loss of the knowledge regarding varieties and their uses. Genetic erosion reduces the material available for use in plant improvement. At the same time, uniformity makes crops much more vulnerable to changes in the presence of pests and diseases by narrowing their genetic base - the stockpile of characteristics that can provide crucial resistance or immunity. Deforestation is a major cause of loss of species, be they plant or animal. It has been estimated that the clearing of closed tropical rainforests could account for the loss of as many as 100 species each day. Deforestation will be the single greatest cause of species loss in the next 50 years. Main causes genetic erosion THE WORLD'S plant resources are found either ex situ, including as seed in genebanks and botanical gardens, or in situ, for instance, in farmers' fields, on rangelands or in forests. Today, about 6 million accessions are stored worldwide in more than l 000 genebanks. But much remains to be done if we are to realize the full value of our plant genetic heritage. To keep seeds in genebanks viable, for instance, they need to be regenerated and regrown periodically. Many of the world's genebanks are facing problems in maintaining seed quality. In a recent survey, 77 countries reported that they had seed storage facilities, but probably fewer than half could offer secure, long-term conservation and management of seeds. At the same time, anywhere from 80 to 95 percent of the plant material in genebanks worldwide is still uncharacterized - in other words, it is still unknown what these seeds may contain in their genetic makeup. This information is fundamental if we are to use this material to produce better crops, both through traditional breeding methods and by applying advanced biotechnological techniques. Farmers continue to play a key role in maintaining biological diversity. Globally, 1.5 billion farmers are involved in on-farm conservation and breeding, selecting varieties and improving crops on a day-to-day basis. But most of the farm families that are responsible for this type of management and improvement of plant genetic resources are limited by lack of resources. Centres of origin of some common crops EFFORTS to make the most of the world's plant genetic resources must concentrate on three basic spheres of activity: Well-founded efforts to tap the wide array of plant genetic resources, including carefully planned conservation, management and distribution schemes, can allow these seeds of life to play a major role, today and in the future, in protecting millions of people from hunger. Biological diversity for food: a leargly untapped resource For further information, please contact: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy Information Division, Tel: (39-6) 5225-3276/5225-4781/5225-4243 Plant Production and Protection Division, Tel: (39-6) 5225-4986 Internet, http://www.fao.org or gopher.fao.org United Nations Environment Programme, P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, Kenya Information and Public Affairs Tel: (254-2) 621234; Fax: (254-2) 226831; Telex: 22068 UNEP KE

<urn:uuid:102840df-05da-48b1-90c7-66a4ae17f949>

Food Pyramid Worksheet for Preschool is reachable in several rotate formats. They can be a handout, an actual chart, or even a computer program that you print out the directions for your child to follow. The Food Pyramid Worksheet for Preschool is once a compass for a child. It helps them say you will which presidency to go to the suggestion they are seeking. Preschoolers need to know where to go, and they after that compulsion to be adept to look for directions. In order to encourage children once this, it’s important to develop a worksheet to tutor them these directions. This helps them locate their way, identify where they are going, and helps them stay on track.

<urn:uuid:77b36c1d-2bcb-4fa8-b79c-69b249fdd806>

Monitoring of waste degradation processes for sustainable MSW landfills Across the world, the majority of MSW is landfilled, incinerated, placed in an open dump, or discarded into rivers or streets. Some cities have made enormous strides towards the ambitious goal of “zero waste”, particularly San Francisco, which has one of the highest recycle and reuse rates at 55% (Global Waste 2013). However, the reality remains that more than half of the U.S.'s MSW goes to landfills, and that this rate is similar or higher across the world. For the next few decades, while we work towards a “zero waste” economy, it is essential that we create landfill facilities that provide the highest environmental and economic benefits, as well as the lowest risk to contributing to climate change. Landfill facilities should strive to be sustainable - in essence leaving the world in equal or better shape to following generations. Next-generation and retrofitted bioreactor facilities appear to show great promise for providing these sustainable benefits. Sustainable development requires MSW management that promotes public health, protects the environment, and is economically feasible. This is particularly true for low and middle-income countries that currently struggle to provide consistent waste management services. In Mumbai, open burning of waste is estimated to emit 10,000 grams toxin equivalents of carcinogenic dioxins/furans every year, causing 20% of the city’s air pollution (Annepu 2015). In Nepal, “garbage is…piled high in empty lots, on the roadside and on the edges of the city’s sewage-filled rivers…[with] [a]crid smoke from burning plastic filled the air.” (Lorch 2015). Increasing urban populations, changing consumption habits, natural disasters, and human conflicts weaken waste management services and threaten public health. The U.S. has been a pioneer in both innovative sustainable technologies and in MSW management practices. Experimenting with innovative technologies is risky and resource-intense; however, the rewards can be enormous for addressing our energy and environmental challenges, both domestically and internationally. With greater understanding of waste degradation processes landfill facilities can transform MSW from a hazard to be contained to a renewable energy source in the form of collected methane. Recent studies on U.S. municipal solid waste (MSW) management have indicated that the U.S. is sending significantly more waste to landfills than previously estimated. One study published in 2015, indicated that the actual MSW disposed of in landfills is double that of current EPA estimates. For example, in 2012, the study finds that Americans disposed of 262 million metric tons of waste in landfills; while the EPA estimated 122 million metric tons (Powell et al. 2015). These findings are significant because MSW landfills, in their current state, represent a significant threat to the environment and climate change. Modern MSW landfills were developed in response to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) in 1976. For management of MSW, RCRA created Subtitle D landfills that are designed to minimize moisture addition to the landfill. Subtitle D landfills are also called sanitary or “dry-tomb” landfills, and operate to reduce the risk of leachate and gas emissions to the environment. Landfills emit methane in the form of biogas, which consists primarily of carbon dioxide and methane. Landfills represent the second largest anthropogenic source of methane in the U.S. at 18%; a significant contribution as methane’s impact on atmospheric pollution is considered to be 25 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. Of 1754 landfills in the U.S., 558 (32%) have landfill gas collection systems that capture a portion of the biogas generated from landfills (EPA 2006). The gas collection systems operate sub-optimally, allowing anywhere from 50% to 90% of methane generated to be released into the atmosphere (Xunchang et al. 2015). In Subtitle D landfills the waste degrades slowly on the order of decades to centuries, however, the waste is isolated by containment systems with a significantly shorter design life. The U.S. has experimented with improving MSW landfills through bioreactor landfills, which operate fundamentally as the opposite of Subtitle D landfills, with the encouragement of moisture addition to the waste. Bioreactor landfills recirculate either air or water to accelerate waste degradation and waste stabilization. Advantages of bioreactor landfills include accelerated waste degradation and stabilization in a matter of years rather than decades to centuries in “dry-tombs”, increased generation of biogas, lower waste toxicity, reduced leachate disposal costs, an estimated 15 to 30 percent gain in landfill space due to increased waste density, and reduced post-closure care. Despite these advantages, fewer than 2% of U.S. landfills are operated as bioreactors due to technological and scientific uncertainties (EPA 2006). Bioreactor landfills lack robust data sets to demonstrate their benefits (Benson et al. 2006). Laboratory experiments and some field-scale experiments have demonstrated the above-mentioned advantages. Laboratory-scale experiments provide greater control and greater ability to measure parameters to describe the process of waste degradation. Waste degradation involves three interdependent physical processes, namely a fluid model of leachate and gas flows in the waste mass, a mechanical model of waste geotechnical properties, and a biochemical model describing aerobic and anaerobic degradation (Reddy et al. 2015). The field-scale demonstrations lack this control found in the laboratory, making it more challenging to obtain data that is indicative of the waste degradation process. To address this challenge, researchers have explored the use of sensors and instrumentation at bioreactor landfills. These technologies provide a means to measure important parameters to describe the waste degradation processes. A better understanding of these processes can lead to optimization of bioreactor landfills to reach performance levels achieved in the laboratory. This paper will focus on sensors and instrumentation for leachate monitoring, gas monitoring, and in-situ monitoring of waste degradation processes. - Next >>

<urn:uuid:85913cde-ad5e-48ac-81ec-6cbd941cf608>

Worldwide, the total square footage of green buildings (defined here as LEED certified buildings) is doubling every year, and 85 countries now have their own green building standards. But are we doing enough to harness the overwhelming benefits that come from boosting energy efficiency in buildings? On January 25, Greg Kats, President of Capital E and the author of Greening Our Built World, presented on “Sustainable Solutions for the Planet’s Energy Challenge” as part of a new series from the Woodrow Wilson Center’s Environmental Change and Security Program. In his talk, he discussed the many ways we can move sustainability forward in three target areas: transportation, industry, and building efficiency, which account for 28 percent, 26 percent, and 40 percent of U.S. energy use, respectively. Among the obvious solutions to promoting a more sustainable economy, Kats noted, are increasing the production tax credit for renewable energy, pumping more money into energy efficiency financing, and incorporating more renewable energy into building and city designs. He pointed to positive patterns already emerging in the field of low-carbon technology: solar photovoltaic technology, for example, has seen an 80 percent price reduction in just four to five years. Similarly, the price of a plug-in hybrid vehicle is now near that of a non-hybrid in a similar class. The benefits of building green Although such trends are promising at a time when we are increasingly looking to harness domestic energy sources, the most striking angle of Kats’s argument was the need to focus on building efficiency. Obviously, energy-efficient buildings are attractive to those concerned with reducing our energy use and excessive reliance on fossil fuels. But there are additional benefits to developers, owners, and tenants that receive less public attention. According to a study cited in Kats’s book, of 146 green buildings analyzed, the median cost premium associated with building green was less than 2 percent, compared to the cost of a standard building. Meanwhile, the benefits to the owner and tenant in direct energy and water savings over 20 years were found to far outweigh the additional cost of the building. The additional cost to build a “green” school, for example, is about $3 per square foot, whereas the present value of 20 years of direct energy and water savings equates to $8 per square foot in benefits. (See graph.) Kats also described the health and learning benefits associated with green schools. Impressively, asthma rates were reduced by 25 percent and cold and flu rates by 15 percent for children attending green schools. And learning, productivity, and performance increased by 3 percent. In economic terms, these health benefits raise the overall benefit per square foot from $8 to $14 over a 20-year period. Such benefits also translate into higher property values. According to a Co-Star analysis, in the first quarter of 2008, occupancy rates were 4 percent higher, rents were 35 percent higher, and property values were 65 percent higher in LEED-certified buildings compared to non-LEED buildings. Although Kats acknowledged there is great uncertainty with putting a value on health benefits over 20 years, developers are discovering that they can get as much as a 10-fold increase in return over a 20-year period when incorporating these direct energy savings and external health benefits. So what can be done to encourage energy-efficient buildings, and to apply this idea more broadly to cities? Zero-net-energy cities and buildings Often, solutions to urban design and city planning problems are administered downstream of the original problem, which may not be as environmentally or economically effective as confronting the problem at its source. Kats cites the example of Washington, D.C., which is spending billions of dollars to improve its wastewater treatment capability—an effort and cost that could be avoided if the problem were addressed upstream in the first place. He argues that the city could spend $100-150 million to reduce its core problem of peak water runoff by promoting porous pavements, green roofs, and graywater systems. In the end, this would largely reduce the need for wastewater treatment, saving millions. Tackling problems upstream is integral to the idea of “zero-net-energy cities”—or cities that produce renewable energy in amounts equivalent to their total energy use. Implementing renewable energy, however, is not enough to adequately meet all of a city’s current energy needs. That’s where innovative upstream solutions to energy efficiency in buildings come in. One example is window technology, which can reduce the solar radiation and heat penetrating a building, lowering its need for air conditioning and thus reducing its peak load by some 25 percent. Other building-envelope technologies that are paving the way for more efficient buildings are cool roofs, passive lighting (integrating as much natural lighting indoors as possible), and air sealing (preventing moisture, cold drafts, and airborne pollutants from entering the residence). This last step is key, since air leakage accounts for 25–40 percent of the energy used for heating and cooling in a typical residence. Most importantly, many of these practices (as well as others) can be retrofitted to pre-existing buildings and are not applicable only to the new LEED-certified buildings being constructed. Regulating energy efficiency in buildings Tackling building efficiency is challenging because all buildings are unique and many of the most inefficient buildings have long expected lifetimes. From a carbon emissions perspective, however, building efficiency should play a greater role in sustainable policy initiatives. Despite the tremendous publicity given to increasing CAFE standards in U.S. cars and to reducing industrial emissions, these pieces of legislation would not be as effective at limiting carbon dioxide emissions as improving building efficiency. Enforcing building efficiency regulation is challenging because you can’t just target a few key companies to implement change, as you can with U.S. car companies. But it’s well worth the effort. As Kats explained in his presentation, a car’s lifetime is about 15 years, so within 45 years you have already had about three lifecycles. Over that same period, a building has not completed even one lifetime. Because the lifetime of a building is considerably longer than that of cars, creating policy that ensures that buildings are built energy efficiently should take precedence so we do not find ourselves living in inefficient buildings for another generation. Kats went one step further to point out that if we can make buildings more efficient and cut emissions by 80 percent in a sector that contributes the most to our domestic energy consumption, then we might actually be able to meet the carbon dioxide reduction targets that scientists have laid out for us. As Kats stated, we should not back down on science being a valid metric for policy. In this case, the science is showing that we can work with our pre-existing infrastructure to improve quality of life while reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.

<urn:uuid:4c71d22d-76da-40b3-adb2-556dcceeafbc>

Saffron is harvested from the flowers of Crocus sativus (Iridaceae), known as the saffron bulb. Propagated by bulbs called “corms” where each corm forms new bulbs, and this is how the plant reproduces. The saffron flowers bloom in autumn and are harvested for the red pistils that we all know as “saffron pistils”, from which the spice is extracted. Each bud produces three stigmas, which are picked by hand carefully. The flowers are harvested by noon, because they easily wither. E` a laborious process and requires great attention, which is why saffron has become so precious to be called “red gold”. Crocus sativus bulbs adapt to the soil in which they are planted deep. They grow well on arid or semi-arid soils. The bulbs adapt well to the calcareous soil, which is neutral clay with a pH of 6 to 8. They grow well also on ferruginous, sedimentary and sandy soils enriched with organic material. What is really important is that the soil allows the roots to make their way deep and that it is well drained to prevent the bulbs from rotting or becoming infected. Saffron needs summer and winter climatology with summer temperatures from 35 C to 40 C and about -15 C or -20 C in winter. For this reason saffron can be cultivated in dry, moderate and continental but not polar or tropical climate types. If extreme frost “threatens” the saffron field, it is advisable to cover the plants with straw or fiber tissue to protect them, until the frost comes off. Rains are considered good for the development of bulbs in fact this means a higher production of bulbs of daughters and flowers; during the dry spring irrigation is essential. For the sowing it is good to choose virgin land plots where no other tuber and saffron bulb has ever been planted before, otherwise at least not in the last ten years. Recommended plowing the soil with a depth ranging from 20 to 50 cm, this allows you to keep free and well ventilated seed beds. It is ideal to ensure irrigation and drainage the planting of bulbs on raised beds. Once the leaves of the bulbs have sprouted, irrigation must be minimal. In the months of August and September the sowing is done both by hand and by machine, while for the harvest are about eight weeks after the sowing, from late October to mid-November. Sun lovers, crosses should be planted in open and dry soil rather than in the shade. Usually, the bulbs are planted at a depth of 7-15 cm. The deeper they are planted, the less they multiply, the less abundant the harvest, but the higher the quality of the flowers produced. When planting saffron bulbs, the “file system” is used. Each row is 15-20 cm from the other Spacing also depends on how often you dig up. The digging up consists in the complete extraction of the bulbs from the soil to separate the mother bulbs from the children bulbs that have formed and to keep them for the next season of sowing. The biennial unearthing requires a spacing between the bulbs between 5 and 10 centimeters; for a longer period, it calculates 10-20 centimeters. During the cultivation of saffron, protective measures must be taken against birds, rodents and rabbits. Bulb rot, plant rust and other pathogens must be prevented from damaging crocus plants. The saffron bulbs continue to be suitable for cultivation for four years, then, at the fourth, they must be unearthed. The fields are overturned using a mechanical hoe or plough and the bulbs are harvested by hand. They are then cleaned of weeds and unusable bulbs. The bulbs do not have to stay out in the sun for more than two hours, then the grouped bulbs are stored in a place away from light, dry but well ventilated, until the next season of sowing. To tear the weeds you have to use the tedious manual method, especially in case of rooted weeds. Mechanical weeding can be used in the cultivation of saffron, but there is a risk of damaging the bulbs. Thus, many farmers prefer to do so in the traditional way. The longer the weeds stay in the soil where the saffron plants grow, the harder it will be to remove them, so it is better to take care of them as soon as possible. When the saffron leaves are wilted, but it is not yet time to dig up, the brown leaves are removed to easily spot the weeds. Immediately after the withering, it is dried, also called roasting, which is done daily until the last pistils are dry. Because they are too humid, the collected stigmas are dried by roasting at a temperature no higher than 60 º C. You must be very careful so that the pistils do not cook too much. Therefore the “roaster” (the person assigned the task) plays a very delicate role in the production of quality saffron. After roasting, the pistils will have greatly reduced size and weight, up to 80% of the original ones. You need five kilos of fresh stigma to get a single kilo of dry pistils, a vivid red color. The stigmas can also be dried on coals or in an oven. For the drying of large quantities, saffron pistils are placed in a special room at a temperature of 30 C-35 C-C for 10-12 hours. A more modern method consists in the use of a dehydrator, aimed at 49 C, for 3 hours. It seems that the time required depends on the amount of pistils to be dried. But the important thing is that they are not dried too much, because this would mean a reduction in the quality and price of saffron pistils. When the pistils are dry, they get a vivid red color, which fades into dark orange at the tips. They are cooled and wrapped in fabrics or aluminium foil and placed in hermetically sealed jars, covered and kept in a secluded place for at least thirty days before they are ready for use. They can stay in that corner for a year and still be able to flavor the food. Vegetable cycle in the cultivation of saffron Saffron bulbs pass through active, transient and dormant phases. The active period begins when they are planted and develop roots, buds, leaves and flowers. The transitional period is when the bulbs become mother bulbs and produce new bulbs, or offspring bulbs. The dormant period is when the bulbs reach the mature phase and no longer produce bulbs. The dormant period is characterized by withered leaves and dried up roots. To be productive again, saffron bulbs should be removed from the ground and set aside for a while before being replanted. As for the sowing area, it would be ideal to allow a saffron field to “rest” for at least ten to twelve years after a cycle of cultivation has been exploited to the maximum, so that the land can recover and become fertile again. To start a new cycle it is better to move to a virgin field. This will ensure you a durable plantation, which will give you good production for another period. The bulbs are classified according to their size, in fact, the larger the mother bulbs, the more children they produce, the more abundant is the production of flowers and stigmas. The regeneration of saffron bulbs is significantly reduced over the years and for a cultivation of saffron over many years, it is necessary to plant the smaller bulbs in virgin fields, so that they can increase in size.

<urn:uuid:5fc5caff-b4ca-4a16-b5de-0e763c3d3038>

Presidents’ Day is a time to remember and reflect on the contributions made to our country by each of our past U.S. Presidents. Washington, D.C. may seem worlds away from Portland, Oregon, but five past Presidents had a part in helping preserve the Bull Run Watershed – the federally-protected reserve that supplies fresh, clean drinking water to over 900,000 Oregonians every day. Let’s take a moment to learn about these five past Presidents who helped protect this important natural resource. President Benjamin Harrison In 1892, using powers granted to him under the Forest Reserve Act passed by Congress a year prior, President Benjamin Harrison established the Bull Run Forest Reserve which prohibited settlement in the 142,000-acre reserve. President Harrison’s act also made it easier for the Portland Water Committee (later renamed the Portland Water Board) to acquire private land and water rights in the basin. The establishment of the Forest Reserve set a precedent for federal protection of the Bull Run. It was the first step of many in protecting and preserving the delicate ecosystem that supplies Portland’s drinking water. President Theodore Roosevelt Despite the new settlement restrictions signed into law by President Harrison, fishing, hunting, camping and livestock grazing were still allowed in the newly-created Bull Run Forest Reserve. Because of this, the Portland Water Board sought additional land use restrictions within the reserve to further protect Portland’s drinking water supply. In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt signed into law the Bull Run Trespass Act which further limited entry and activities – including grazing – in the Bull Run Forest Reserve. But the specific wording of the law left the law open to interpretation, planting seeds for conflict over access and forest management in the Bull Run. Over the next half-century, the Portland Water Board, which would become the Water Bureau in 1913, completed a variety of infrastructure projects – including adding diversion structures, water conduits and others – to the original system. But by the mid-1950s, the City of Portland and the U.S. Forest Service began to disagree about logging and public access in the watershed. President Jimmy Carter In 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed into law the Bull Run Act (PL 95-200). The law replaced the Trespass Act of 1904 and declared that the principal management objective of the Watershed to be the production of “…pure, clear, raw potable water…for the City of Portland and other local government units and persons in the Portland metropolitan area.” Other activities inside the watershed were permitted, provided they did not interfere with the primary objective of the Watershed. The Bull Run Act also created the Bull Run Watershed Management Unit (BRWMU; the administrative boundary of the Bull Run Watershed), authorized the Forest Service to enact entry restrictions and formally recognized a role for the City of Portland in the management the Bull Run. The law did not settle the controversy around logging and logging continued in the Bull Run until the early 1990s. President Bill Clinton President Clinton signed into law the Oregon Resource Conservation Act of 1996. This law amended the Bull Run Act and prohibited all timber harvest on all Forest Service lands within the Bull Run River drainage except for tree cutting needed to protect or enhance water quality or water quantity and for the development, operation and maintenance of hydropower and water supply facilities. This Act largely ended the logging controversy in the Bull Run. President George W. Bush In 2001, President George W. Bush signed into law the Little Sandy Protection Act. This law added most of the Little Sandy watershed to the BRWMU and extended the timber restrictions throughout the Little Sandy drainage within the BRWMU. (The Little Sandy is outside of the water supply drainage boundary.) Learn More about the Bull Run Watershed Careful and responsible management and protection of the Bull Run drinking water supply are vital to maintaining Portland’s high quality water quality and public health. To learn more about the Bull Run Watershed and how federal, City and State protections safeguard this important resource, click here.

<urn:uuid:ffa4cad6-f515-43bd-8a0f-ce7c109596f6>

Effective policies and programmes National and household food security Refugees and displaced people Policies aimed at improving growth and development of infants Policies and programmes directed at young children Great strides have been made since the 1950s in dealing with problems of poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Globally, food production has increased, the rates of preschool malnutrition have fallen and infant and child mortality have decreased in most parts of the world. Despite these impressive gains, poverty, hunger and malnutrition continue to be problems of staggering proportions. Chapter 1 in this Report elucidated the importance of stunting as a good biomarker for the overall quality of life in a given country. Data in this Report indicate that the number of stunted preschoolers worldwide has increased during the period 1980 to 1995; more alarming is that fact that the numbers in Sub-Saharan Africa have increased by 62% during this time period. This chapter analyzes the underlying causes of malnutrition and identifies effective strategies for improving nutrition as the world enters the twenty-first century. There continues to be tension among policy-makers, on the one hand, in the use of broad-based economic policies as a means of eliminating malnutrition, and on the other, the use of more targeted interventions. Malnutrition is complex; the reality is that typically a combination of different types of policies and programmes are needed to effectively alleviate poverty and malnutrition. Sustaining strategies for reducing and preventing malnutrition almost always involves a combination of macro-economic policies and more targeted interventions. Even in many industrialized countries where average income is adequate, pockets of the population - mainly the poor - are at risk of food insecurity and poor nutritional status. Chapter 1 identified the proximal causes of malnutrition at the individual level as related to food, health and care. While hunger and malnutrition manifest themselves at the level of the individual, the causes generally involve a combination of individual, household, community, national and international factors. It is important to understand these linkages as a way to identify the most effective strategies for reducing malnutrition in a given socio-cultural environment. Food intake and nutritional status are inextricably linked. The impressive gains in global and national food supplies over the past 30 years were achieved because of effective investments in agricultural research. However, although food security has improved globally, progress has been uneven. Significant proportions of the population are still food insecure in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The larger numbers of stunted children in these two regions discussed in Chapter 1 reflect, in part, the related problem of hunger and food insecurity in a broad spectrum of the population. In 12 of the 25 African countries reviewed in Chapter 1, stunting has increased. One clear policy implication is that continued investments in agricultural research with, particular emphasis on South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa is needed. National food security clearly does not resolve the problem of household level food security, let alone of health, care or poverty more generally. It is access to food - or the household's ability to obtain food - that is critical to ensuring household food security. Policies that increase the access of vulnerable households to food - either through increased income or decreased food prices - will enhance household level food security. Strategies that increase the income of the poor are the most sustainable means of improving household food security. However, it may take quite large increases in income to bridge the food security gap for low-income households. In the short-to-medium term, interventions targeted at low-income households may be needed to buffer vulnerable households against hunger and malnutrition. Parallel action in health is vital, as well as more general actions to deal with poverty, ranging from strategies to support pro-poor growth to education and measures to encourage gender equity. An increase in household food intake is often assumed to improve the food intake of each of the individual members. However, the effect of increases in household food supplies on an individual's food consumption can be modified by a variety of factors. These include control of income, education of household members, and characteristics of the individual such as gender, age and birth order. In most settings, though, the amount of additional food needed to prevent growth faltering in a preschooler is small in relation to the family's needs. The critical needs are primary health care services such as immunization and the quality of care, including breastfeeding. Also important are actions to deal with problems of 'hidden hunger' - inadequacies in micronutrient intake. Policies must focus not simply on closing the energy gap but doing so in a way that increases variety and nutrient density of the diet. Diversification of food production must be encouraged both at the national and household level in tandem with increased yields. In many countries this may be a longer-term goal; in the interim, programmes focused on specific target nutrients may need to complement the production-oriented, diet diversification policies. The dramatic expansion of such targeted programmes in recent years provides many examples to build on. As shown in Chapter 3 of this Report, refugees and displaced populations are the groups most vulnerable to acute food deficits and malnutrition. Civil war and political upheaval have replaced natural disasters as the most common causes of new populations of refugee and displaced person. A recent report from the Committee on International Nutrition (IOM, 1995) recommended a minimum ration allocation of 2,100 kilocalories per day in order to provide sufficient food energy for reasonable physical activity. WFP and UNHCR have adopted this recommendation as the initial reference value for designing food aid rations in emergencies. However, it is recognized that this initial value should be adjusted as soon as further assessment is possible. This newly defined ration level is well above the caloric level generally available to refugees and displaced people, and it remains to be seen how donors will respond to resulting increased requests. Much attention is now being focused on the quality of the ration provided to refugees populations, particularly with respect to micronutrient content. A recent step was taken to provide a micronutrient-fortified blended food to all populations totally dependant on food aid. At the same time, questions are being raised on the reliability of the diagnosis of micronutrient malnutrition. Work has begun on developing diagnostic tests which can be used in the field. All recent projections of food aid needs into the twenty-first century assume that emergencies will continue. Thus far, history has borne out this assumption. There are indications that food aid resources are declining (Shapouri and Missiaen, 1995), and humanitarian agencies are developing targeting methods to more efficiently use the aid available. Unfortunately, food aid issues and nutrition have been highly visible only in times of famine and natural disasters. Once the acute food shortages have subsided, concern about chronic malnutrition receives less attention. Indeed, it is in many of the long-standing refugee/displaced situations (e.g., Southern Sudan) where the highest rates of wasting are continually seen. Food insecurity and malnutrition will continue to be chronic problems that affect large proportions of populations in developing countries. The UN agencies can collectively be an effective vehicle for keeping the food insecurity issue for refugees and displaced persons on the policy agenda. Malnutrition is caused not only by inadequate food availability but also by inadequate access to health services and a poor environment. Nutrition policy must be an integral part of health policy, co-ordinated at both the national and grass-roots level. Macro-economic policies that result in increased national income are presumed to lead to increased allocation of this income to investments in primary health care and other social services that will improve nutritional status. However, basic services such as access to safe water and investment in health infrastructure do not show a close relationship to national per capita income levels (von Braun, 1991). Thus, we cannot assume that growth in national income will automatically result in improvements in the health and sanitation environment, at least in the short to medium term. Deliberate policies aimed at reducing malnutrition and improving nutritional status need to be implemented, in tandem with policies for increasing national and household income. There is now a long rich history of investment in nutrition interventions in developing countries. Much has been learned about approaches that are effective in addressing malnutrition. Major improvements will accrue from preventive approaches targeted to subsets of the population. For ease of presentation these will be discussed from a life cycle perspective. Some of the biggest gains in improving nutritional status will come from gains in improving neonatal outcomes. Birth weight is the single biggest predictor of growth in the early years of life. Interventions that target females as young girls or during the early teenage years prior to first conception have a potentially high payoff for the nutritional status of the newborn. This is of particular importance since early nutrition determines the growth potential of the uterus and hence the capacity for normal uterine hypertrophy when pregnancy occurs. The capacity of uterine/placental vasulature to increase blood supply to the foetus during pregnancy is modulated by the female's early diet. Interventions that target a woman once she is pregnant often come too late. Preventive strategies will be most effective in improving birth outcomes. While nutrition interventions directed to high-risk pregnant women have been successful in decreasing the rates of low birth weight and prematurity, the optimal time for addressing nutrition concerns is preconception. This is true in terms of glucose control of diabetic women, weight gain in malnourished women, control of chronic disease (including obesity) and of nutritional deficits. Micronutrient deficiencies cause nutritional insult before most women know they are pregnant. Poor folic acid nutrition and neural tube defects are cases in point. Adequate nutrition is critical to foetal organo-genesis in the early stages of pregnancy. The adolescent female is a stakeholder that has not been a typical target of nutrition intervention. Thus we have fewer models of how to deliver preventive nutrition services to teenage girls. There is a critical need to identify and test interventions that effectively reach female adolescents, including the appropriate role of nutrient-dense dietary supplements. There are some interventions that fall under the classification of non-nutritional that can potentially be very effective. Education of girls has been shown to have a profound effect on age at marriage and age of first conception. Clearly, innovative ways to extend the education of girls into the teenage years need to be pursued. This would also provide the opportunity to integrate a nutrition communications component into a school-based system. The caring skills of parents and mothers in particular are known to be an essential component of child development. Parenting and child-rearing skills, including the special needs of infants, need to be taught to females prior to the birth of the first child. Again, if female education is extended routinely into the teenage years, parenting skills can be taught as part of a school-based curriculum. This also provides the opportunity for psychosocial support and discussions of issues such as avoidance of substance abuse. In areas of the world where formal female education is not the norm, other intervention alternatives need to be tested. The use of female community workers offers the potential to reach young women in a socially acceptable way. Breastfeeding is the optimal form of infant feeding. Health procedures need to provide an environment that actively encourages breastfeeding. Baby-friendly policies such as rooming in and early, continued contact between mother and newborn need to be actively pursued. This active promotion of breastfeeding needs to continue once the mother returns home. Breastfeeding support systems are a critical element for the successful continuation of breastfeeding. Where this support is not provided by the extended family, women recruited and trained from within the community can fill this void. An increasing problem in many countries is the entry of women into the formal wage-earning sector as a result of urbanization. While there are clear benefits for women from income-generation, continued breastfeeding becomes more of a challenge. Specific policies at the work site can facilitate the ability of women to breastfeed - breastfeeding rooms, flexible work schedules. These are not policies that typically have been high priority for many employers. Governments and the public health community need to collectively advocate for changes in the work environment that encourage breastfeeding. A second major issue for early child growth and development is the appropriate introduction of complementary foods. Here again, the hospital or health centre can serve as one point of contact with the mother to discuss infant feeding practices. Given the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in developing countries, a discussion of overfeeding as well as underfeeding needs to be included. There is a series of non-nutritional interventions which deserve to be highlighted. The health system needs to evaluate the overall obstetrical practices for their effects on neonatal adaptation and mother/infant bonding. Issues such as the use of birth rooms with family participation, active involvement of the father in the birthing process, and the avoidance or minimization of the use of depressants, anaesthetics and other medications which could interfere with successful neonatal adaptation all need to be directly addressed by health officials. There should be a consistent, articulated policy which optimizes mother/child interaction in the early days. Procedures also need to be specifically identified to screen for preventable causes of impaired mental development, as well as ways to identify infants at developmental risk based on perinatal or social risks. Having carried out the infant screening, interventions aimed at providing adequate social and medical support for families with children at risk for developmental problems need to be implemented. Often this level of support is needed in health systems that do not have the financial nor human resources to provide it, so creative community solutions may need to fill this void. Particular emphasis must be placed on ensuring adequate growth and development for young children. This includes effective interventions to prevent stunting and improve mental development. The overall effect of collective efforts will be to promote healthy lifestyles, including diet. This is easier said than done. Most of the nutrition interventions that have traditionally been used by developing countries have targeted children. However, those interventions have done less well in reaching preschoolers under three years of age. Some promising approaches have emerged. Community-sponsored child care programmes that simultaneously address a mother's time constraint while providing a mix of health/nutrition services offer one model for reaching the younger child. Nutrition screening and monitoring services can be part of the package included. Data in this report indicate that tremendous progress has been made in eliminating micronutrient deficiencies. Despite this progress, deficiencies of vitamin A, iron and iodine are still highly prevalent in the world; estimates in this Report indicate that almost one-third of the population worldwide have a deficiency in one or more micronutrient. Because of a substantial commitment by donors, a number of effective interventions to deal with micronutrient malnutrition have been implemented. Some of the more common approaches include supplementation, food fortification, dietary diversification and control of parasitic and other infections. The challenge in the future will be a better identification of the most appropriate intervention or mix of approaches in a given country or local context Not each intervention will work equally well in a given socio-cultural environment. More attention needs to be given to operational research which will identify the key elements of a successful micronutrient intervention. Equally important is to determine how the results of the operational research will be used to guide future investment in micronutrient interventions. The following issues are critical to specific nutrients: · Universal iodization is a clear success story in reducing iodine deficiency disorders. Routine monitoring for compliance will be a key factor for sustaining this success.We have missed opportunities to address two or more micronutrient deficiencies simultaneously. Past interventions, by and large, have focused on a single micronutrient. Future efforts would benefit from identifying strategies that leverage intervention funds so that we can develop a collective approach for alleviating micronutrient malnutrition. · Clinical signs of Vitamin A deficiency have decreased dramatically worldwide, in part due to successful mass dose supplementation interventions. Diet diversity strategies offer the potential for decreasing sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency in the general population. Food fortification is also important; more than one food vehicle is available for vitamin A in most settings. · Recently implemented wide-scale iron fortification programs hold promise for reaching at risk populations. · More research is needed on the extent of zinc deficiency and a fuller understanding of the links to pervasive stunting and maternal mortality. Earlier discussions indicated that a mix of approaches to addressing malnutrition is typically needed, and the same is true for hidden hunger. A judicious mix of diet diversification, supplementation, fortification and public health measures is almost always needed. The key will be how to identify ways of co-ordinating the menu of interventions so as to maximize the impact in reducing micronutrient malnutrition. The Third Report on the World Nutrition Situation highlights the progress that has been made in improving nutritional status. There is also an unambiguous message that food insecurity and malnutrition will continue to pose problems for large segments of the world's population as we enter the twenty-first century. There are clear policy implications that need to be addressed if governments and the international community are to be effective in improving nutrition worldwide. No one solution, by itself, will be effective in eliminating hunger and malnutrition. A collective set of policies and related programme activities will be needed. There now needs to be a more serious and aggressive dialogue on how these pieces best fit in a given country environment. The relatively positive long-term projections for global food supplies and the obvious link to nutrition are based on the essential role of increased agricultural productivity. These productivity increases will occur only if there is continued public and private sector investment in agricultural research. There is clearly a role for both national and international institutions to play. Sustaining the gains in agricultural productivity and extending agricultural technologies into untouched areas will depend on continued support for agricultural research. This need occurs at a time when investment in agricultural research is plateauing or declining. Much more attention needs to be focused on the links between agricultural research globally and on ways of translating such research into public policy at the national and grass-roots level. This has been a major impediment to the adoption of potentially successful approaches for improving household food security. A second essential element for improved household food security is income growth. Countries must continue to pursue policies that increase the incomes of the poor. However, even where national macro-economic policies have been successful in the short- to-medium-term, there is often the need for a social safety net to protect the nutritional status of vulnerable groups. Programmes that offer the greatest promise for preventing malnutrition involve early intervention. Unfortunately, the cadre of classical nutrition interventions have focused most often on cure and not prevention. This new paradigm of a preventive nutrition focus, with particular emphasis on young girls and teenage females, needs to be implemented in a number of settings. Operational research to identify elements of successful preventive interventions is essential. Deliberate efforts aimed at reducing and preventing malnutrition are needed, in tandem with policies aimed at increasing national and household income. The overall outlook for food security and nutrition for the twenty-first century appears relatively good. But this overall positive picture masks dramatic disparities in certain regions of the world in particular among refugee populations. For regions and countries most adversely affected, short-term assistance is likely to continue to be needed. The dramatic gains in reducing hunger and malnutrition must be continued; one of the biggest mistakes at this juncture would be for policy-makers and donors to assume that the war to end hunger and malnutrition is over. National and international collaborative efforts need to continue if we are to enhance the gains that have been made. The ACC/SCN at its 24th Session in Katmandu convened a Commission in the Nutrition Challenges of the 21st Century. We look forward to discussing their proposals for innovative policies for the 21st century. ACC/SCN (1994) Update on the Nutrition Situation. ACC/ SCN, Geneva. IOM (1995) Estimated Mean Per Capita Energy Requirements for Planning Emergency Food Aid Rations. National Academy of Science, Committee on International Nutrition. Washington, D.C. Shapouri S, and Missiaen M (1995) Shortfalls in international food aid expected. Food Review 18(3):44. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) (1996) The U.S. Contribution to World Food Security. The United States' Position Paper for the World Food Summit The Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. Von Braun J (1991) The Links Between Agricultural Growth, Environmental Degradation, and Nutrition and Health. In: Agricultural Sustainability, Growth, and Poverty Alleviation: Issues and Policies. S Vosti, T Reardon and W von Urff (Eds). Proceedings of an International Conference held 23-27 September, in Feldafing, Germany: Deutsche Stiftung Für Internationale Entwicklung (DSE), 73.

<urn:uuid:65f7d4f5-8b76-4de4-b4ea-4e2a0759e9e7>

In Sigmund Freud‘s psychoanalysis, the ego is the conscious, structured and reasoned aspect of the id. The ego is not present at birth but emerges from the id, acting as mediator between the often conflicted demands of the id and the superego. In Carl Jung‘s analytical psychology, the ego is a highly continuous “complex of ideas which constitutes the centre of [one’s] field of consciousness.” As the psyche’s “point of reference,” the ego’s partly biological component is offset by cultural influences. Its function is to balance the forces of the collective unconscious, the personal unconscious, external society as well as ethically good and destructive influences from both internal and external stimuli. Jung borrows from Aristotle‘s idea of ‘effects from a First Cause’ by saying that the ego stands in relation to the self as “moved to the mover.” The ego is said to arise from and, in some cases, is at risk of being overtaken by the collective unconscious (as in inflation). Jung claims that many people mistakenly regard their egos as the total self. To compensate for this limited perspective, the collective unconscious tends to assert itself. Because of the almost limitless power of the collective unconscious, this can be a tricky time for the ego, which must represent the forces of the unconscious through language, symbols or art to maintain its autonomy. In comparing industrialized mankind to so-called primitives, Jung sees the Western ego as a high achievement of humanity (recall that Jung is writing during the modern period). He says that the egos of modern individuals are better differentiated and less luminous than those of their, as he sometimes implies, cruder ancestors. Although no longer wholly identified with the numinous, modern egos are surrounded by a “multitude of little luminosities”—-that is, the unconscious affords different ‘lights’ to ego consciousness without overtaking it entirely. And different individuals exhibit different lights from the unconscious. Although offering an important alternative to the psychoanalytic wisdom of the day, Jung tends to make sweeping generalizations about the ‘normal’ Western ego, revealing that he too, at least in part, is a product of his times. And his archetypal theory tends to downplay the idea of wholly spiritual influences from above, or at least, constrain these influences into his somewhat limiting theory. - Brief History of Carl Jung (socyberty.com) - SPIRIT SCIENCE Synchronicity, Part 1: What do we mean by Meaningful Coincidence? (talkingmonkeynews.wordpress.com) - What is the Archetype in Jungian Psychology (meggella.com) - Carl Gustav Jung – The World Within (dphilosophy.wordpress.com) - Anima and animus (solmazhafezi.wordpress.com) - Synchronicity, Part 1: What do we mean by Meaningful Coincidence? (livewithwonder.com) - Carl Jung had what would today be called an extended psychotic episode (beyondmeds.com) - Black Dog (untitledpainting.wordpress.com) - Anna Freud (earthpages.wordpress.com)

<urn:uuid:ba12939f-71c9-4c2d-9d04-1d0c302b804f>

Located 33 miles north of Tahiti, Tetiaroa consists of a ring of 12 islets surrounding a turquoise lagoon. One of the islets, known as “Bird Island,” is classified as an Important Bird Area by Birdlife International. The atoll is recognized as a Hope Spot and is considered one of the most pristine marine environments in the South Pacific due to limited human activity. WHY IS TETIAROA ATOLL IMPORTANT? Home to healthy and ecologically important coral reefs. The largest nesting site for Green Sea Turtles in the Windward Society Islands. One of the most important seabird breeding sites in all of French Polynesia Islands represent a disproportionate amount of plant and animal diversity for their size and are the epicenter of the extinction crisis, with invasive species now the primary threat. Tetiaroa supports thousands of nesting seabirds, including four IUCN locally threatened species making it one of the key seabird breeding sites within French Polynesia. The atoll is also a major nesting site for Green Sea Turtles. The presence of two invasive rat species threatens the atoll’s flora and fauna. Rats feed on the seeds and seedlings of native vegetation and prey on nesting seabirds, Green Sea Turtles hatchlings, and land crabs. The once-thriving seabird population has been significantly reduced by rat predation, impacting both terrestrial and marine ecosystems due to decreased nutrient inputs through guano. Following the successful removal of invasive rats from Tetiaroa’s Reiono Island in 2018, Tetiaroa Society, Island Conservation, and partners are now working together to remove invasive rats from the entire atoll to secure habitat for native birds and Green Sea Turtles. The partners are also researching the effects of invasive rat removal on Tetiaroa’s terrestrial and marine environments to inform coral reef conservation efforts that may be underinvesting in island restoration as a conservation tool. Restoring balance for terrestrial ecosystems will protect endangered native birds and turtles and enhance the resilience of surrounding coral reefs, making them more resistant to the impacts of climate change. Additionally, restoration is expected to benefit reef fish populations, ensuring food security for local peoples who are intimately connected to healthy coral reefs both economically and culturally. Removing rats also eliminates reservoirs and vectors of several human diseases bringing significant benefits for island communities. Baseline monitoring of native species is underway while the partners are seeking the funding necessary to support the removal of invasive rats and the collection and analysis of data. Tetiaroa Society, Island Conservation, and our partners hope to implement the project over 2020 and 2021. Near-pristine coral reef. Potential site for translocation of endangered, endemic birds. A stable population of locally threatened Coconut Crab. Utilizing an experimental approach, Araceli Samaniego, Tetiaroa Society, and Island Conservation have successfully removed invasive rats from Reiono. The French Polynesian island of Reiono is remote and... Read More

<urn:uuid:b98742e6-ace3-4246-aa2e-77d7b42b9203>

World Kindness Day History World Kindness Day is celebrated annually on November 13th. It was founded in 1997 by the World Kindness Movement, a global organization that promotes kindness and compassion. The movement was started by a group of organizations from around the world who came together to create a day to celebrate kindness and its positive impact on individuals and communities. Facts about World Kindness Day - World Kindness Day is celebrated in over 100 countries around the world. - The World Kindness Movement is made up of over 280 organizations from over 100 countries. - It has a number of initiatives to promote kindness, including the Random Acts of Kindness Challenge and the Kindness Cards campaign. - The Random Acts of Kindness Challenge encourages people to do random acts of kindness for others every day. - The Kindness Cards campaign encourages people to give and receive Kindness Cards, which are small cards with positive messages on them. Significance of World Kindness Day World Kindness Day is a reminder that kindness is a powerful force for good in the world. It is a day to celebrate the acts of kindness that we see and experience every day, and to inspire others to be kind to one another. Kindness has many benefits. It can reduce stress, improve mental and physical health, and strengthen relationships. It can also make the world a more positive and welcoming place for everyone. How to Celebrate World Kindness Day There are so many ways to celebrate World Kindness Day. Here are a few ideas: - Do a random act of kindness for someone. This could be something as simple as holding the door open for someone, letting someone go ahead of you in line, or paying for someone’s coffee. - Tell someone how much you appreciate them. This could be a friend, family member, colleague, or even a stranger. - Donate to a charity or volunteer your time to a cause you care about. - Spread kindness on social media by sharing positive messages and stories. - Organize or participate in a community event that promotes kindness. World Kindness Day is a wonderful opportunity to celebrate the power of kindness and to make the world a better place. Let’s all join together on November 13th to show the world how much we care.

<urn:uuid:0c80d65f-f88e-45fa-9d2f-32c692bf0a23>

Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44) Members of the class Arachnida, especially SPIDERS; SCORPIONS; MITES; and TICKS; which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host. The immature stage in the life cycle of those orders of insects characterized by gradual metamorphosis, in which the young resemble the imago in general form of body, including compound eyes and external wings; also the 8-legged stage of mites and ticks that follows the first moult. Bacterial, viral, or parasitic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of infected ticks. The families Ixodidae and Argasidae contain many bloodsucking species that are important pests of man and domestic birds and mammals and probably exceed all other arthropods in the number and variety of disease agents they transmit. Many of the tick-borne diseases are zoonotic. An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut. A species of tick (TICKS) in the family IXODIDAE, distributed throughout the world but abundant in southern Europe. It will feed on a wide variety of MAMMALS, but DOGS are its preferred host. It transmits a large number of diseases including BABESIOSIS; THEILERIASIS; EHRLICHIOSIS; and MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER. A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, helical bacteria, various species of which produce RELAPSING FEVER in humans and other animals. The effects, both local and systemic, caused by the bites of TICKS. Borrelia burgdorferi Group Gram-negative helical bacteria, in the genus BORRELIA, that are the etiologic agents of LYME DISEASE. The group comprises many specific species including Borrelia afzelii, Borellia garinii, and BORRELIA BURGDORFERI proper. These spirochetes are generally transmitted by several species of ixodid ticks. Encephalitis caused by neurotropic viruses that are transmitted via the bite of TICKS. In Europe, the diseases are caused by ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, TICK-BORNE, which give rise to Russian spring-summer encephalitis, central European encephalitis, louping ill encephalitis, and related disorders. Powassan encephalitis occurs in North America and Russia and is caused by the Powassan virus. ASEPTIC MENINGITIS and rarely encephalitis may complicate COLORADO TICK FEVER which is endemic to mountainous regions of the western United States. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp14-5) A pesticide or chemical agent that kills mites and ticks. This is a large class that includes carbamates, formamides, organochlorines, organophosphates, etc, that act as antibiotics or growth regulators. A tick-borne disease characterized by FEVER; HEADACHE; myalgias; ANOREXIA; and occasionally RASH. It is caused by several bacterial species and can produce disease in DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; HORSES; and humans. The primary species causing human disease are EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS; ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; and Ehrlichia ewingii. Infections by the genus RICKETTSIA. Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS that causes encephalitis and hemorrhagic fevers and is found in eastern and western Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is transmitted by TICKS and there is an associated milk-borne transmission from viremic cattle, goats, and sheep. Colorado tick fever virus A species of COLTIVIRUS transmitted by the tick DERMACENTOR andersonii and causing fever, chills, aching head and limbs, and often vomiting. It occurs in the northwestern United States, except the Pacific Coast. Small, often pleomorphic, coccoid to ellipsoidal organisms occurring intracytoplasmically in circulating LYMPHOCYTES. They are the etiologic agents of tick-borne diseases of humans; DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; and HORSES. Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND). Colorado Tick Fever Infections with bacteria of the genus BORRELIA. Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks. Salivary Proteins and Peptides Proteins and peptides found in SALIVA and the SALIVARY GLANDS. Some salivary proteins such as ALPHA-AMYLASES are enzymes, but their composition varies in different individuals. A disease of cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA. The family Cervidae of 17 genera and 45 species occurring nearly throughout North America, South America, and Eurasia, on most associated continental islands, and in northern Africa. Wild populations of deer have been established through introduction by people in Cuba, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and other places where the family does not naturally occur. They are slim, long-legged and best characterized by the presence of antlers. Their habitat is forests, swamps, brush country, deserts, and arctic tundra. They are usually good swimmers; some migrate seasonally. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1362) A genus of the subfamily SIGMODONTINAE consisting of 49 species. Two of these are widely used in medical research. They are P. leucopus, or the white-footed mouse, and P. maniculatus, or the deer mouse. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever An acute febrile illness caused by RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII. It is transmitted to humans by bites of infected ticks and occurs only in North and South America. Characteristics include a sudden onset with headache and chills and fever lasting about two to three weeks. A cutaneous rash commonly appears on the extremities and trunk about the fourth day of illness. Polymerase Chain Reaction In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. An acute infection characterized by recurrent episodes of PYREXIA alternating with asymptomatic intervals of apparent recovery. This condition is caused by SPIROCHETES of the genus BORRELIA. It is transmitted by the BITES of either the body louse (PEDICULUS humanus corporis), for which humans are the reservoir, or by soft ticks of the genus ORNITHODOROS, for which rodents and other animals are the principal reservoirs. Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs). Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Analysis, DNA Infections with bacteria of the family ANAPLASMATACEAE. Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean A severe, often fatal disease in humans caused by the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS, CRIMEAN-CONGO). Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo A species of NAIROVIRUS of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. It is primarily transmitted by ticks and causes a severe, often fatal disease in humans.

<urn:uuid:6cad1fbd-b094-435d-9b10-6eee544ae38b>

Supplying enough energy to support the many functions of the body at work and play is one of the chief functions of food. This energy comes from the fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the food you eat. Of the three, fat is the most concentrated source of energy because it furnishes more than twice as much energy for a given weight as protein or carbohydrate. Energy requirements are ordinarily expressed in terms of calories. The calorie used in nutritional discussions is actually the "large calorie" - Calorie. This is really a kilocalorie - the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (about 1 quart) of water one degree Celsius. The energy requirement for a person is divided into two parts: basal metabolic requirements and energy required for activity. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the heat eliminated from the body at rest when temperature is normal. An average person requires 2000-2400 Calories per day while a large man doing heavy work may require up to 6000 Calories per day. The three main classes of food provide the following amount of energy: carbohydrates and proteins provide about 4 Calories per gram; fats provide about 9 Calories per gram. When you choose foods that furnish more energy, or Calories than you need, the excess energy is stored as fat in the body -- a gain in weight may result. If too little food is eaten to meet energy demands, the body's stored fat serves as an energy source -- a weight loss will result. Your weight stays about the same if the energy from food matches the energy requirements of the body.

<urn:uuid:13dd67d5-eb0b-4b96-bf3b-661fc0f54140>

What is Robotic Surgery? Call it Robotic surgery or robotic assisted surgery; it is nothing but a minimally invasive surgery wherein cameras and instruments are inserted via small incisions. This gives a clear picture to the surgeon, which are more often 3 D and high quality images. In this way, the surgeons are able to perfectly carry out the procedure. These robotic equipments are tools for the surgeons, which enhance their capability to offer the best quality care for their patients. The success or failure of the robotic surgery would depend up on the experience and skills of the surgeon handling these devices. It’s obvious to see only the skilled and experienced surgeons taking up the robotic surgery hence the success rate is always high, while there are exceptions in rare cases. Advantages of Robotic Surgery The robotic surgery is an advance level procedure, which helps the surgeon to carry out his job with utter perfection and professionalism. Hence its but natural to see a couple of benefits of this surgery. Some of the basic advantages of robotic surgery include loads of enhancement in the control of surgeons of the instrument and their capability to carry out much of the intricate procedures. The robotic arms even are seen filtering tremors over the human, which help in getting greater level of steadiness. Hence it has benefits both for the patients and surgeons as well, which we will start with the former. The Patients can reap the following advantages of robotic surgery: • Minimal amount of pain after surgery • Minimal level risk of infection • Very less amount of anaesthesia • Small amount of blood loss • Shorter stay at the hospitals • Quicker & complete recovery • Faster return to usual daily activities The Surgeons can enjoy the following benefits of Robotic Surgery: • Immersive High-Definition 3-D Visualization: The console pertaining to surgical system simply engrosses the surgeon/doctor in a three dimensional (3D) visual display. Every robotic arm is seen with small size camera attached to it, which offers video feedback magnification at more than ten times the normal sight before the surgeon. This amount of magnification can easily enhance the ability of the surgeon in order to carry out the surgery safely on sensitive patients (especially the toddlers) with tiny organs and tissues. • Complete Articulating Instruments: The surgeons get fully articulating instruments while carrying out the robotic surgery, which further helps them in fixing the ailment without any infection of other issue. However, this is just the opposite of the open surgery, which the surgeon has to access in order to operate the body. • Intuitive Computer Enhanced Motion Control: With the computerized controls using the surgical console can be simple to learn and master. However, this is not the case of previous surgical methods. Thus you get one of the finest operational services when it comes to any procedure in medical circles. India’s Advantage as prime medical tourism destination for robotic surgery The Indian hospitals catering different Robotic Surgical procedures are committed to offer the patients with one of the best clinical results. Indian hospitals are known to have the highly trained and skilled surgeons, thanks to the state-of-the-art medical facilities that geared up towards offering superior patient experience. The high end robotic surgery is available in all the possible specialities including cardiac, bariatric, gastrointestinal, paediatrics, gynaecology, etc. Indian hospitals are not just confined to giving high quality healthcare services with the presence of highly competitive doctors but also provide the same with low cost, which drives the medical tourists from all the parts of the world to India for various healthcare solutions. Robotic Surgery is a high end procedure, which requires both expertise and experience to handle. It gives some of the best benefits and Indian healthcare departments are equipped with the same, which gives an edge to it. Considering the number of benefits, more and more medical tourists are coming down to India for various robotic surgeries.

<urn:uuid:8686fb66-fcbb-4e72-8b65-da15f8eb7cd0>

100 Outstanding Argumentative Essay Topic Ideas to Impress Your... Argumentative essay is your ticket, and we will share the top winning topic ideas for your perfection. How to Write a Conclusion for an Argumentative Essay Writing an argumentative essay requires you to defend a position for which there is more than one side. To write an argumentative essay, use facts How do you write a thesis statement for an argumentative essay? How do you write a thesis statement for an argumentative essay?. In this lesson you will draft a thesis statement for your argumentative essay by combining your claim and supporting reasons. . Choosing a topic. Finding Supporting Evidence. Writing a paper that lacks focus. School Lunches. How to Write a Thesis Statement & Examples (Updated 2019) Write a strong thesis statement! What is a thesis statement? It is usually a single sentence at the end of your first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation. How To Create A Superior Thesis Statement In 5 Easy Steps And if you’re writing a thesis statement for an argumentative essay or paper download your free guide, “How to Write a Powerful Argumentative Thesis Statement.” Note: This is an updated version of the blog post, “How to Develop a Thesis Statement in 5 Easy Steps.” From July 13 th, 2017 Purdue OWL // Purdue Writing Lab The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. LibGuides: How to Write a Good Essay: Step 3: Form a Thesis ... A thesis statement is the main point that the content of your essay will support.It is an contestable assertion, usually made in one or two sentences, that makes a clear argument about your research topic. Teaching thesis statements satisfies the following common core standards and establishes the basis for teaching all the common core standards in writing for all grade levels. W.9-10.1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Writing an argumentative essay is at the same time quite similar and different to writing a descriptive, narrative or any other type of essays. Argumentative Essay Writing Tips, How To Write (with Examples) Argumentative essays are, perhaps, one of the most lengthy, detailed, and complex types of essays that we could write throughout our whole student life. How to Write an Argumentative Essay Thesis Statement? Writing a Thesis Statement for Essays. Let’s suppose somebody is interested in writing an essay that tells about an ideal fruit salad, the standard of his or her essay writing will improve only if the writer provides 3 Key Tips for How to Write an Argumentative Essay 5 Tricks to Write Great Argumentative Essay Introduction ... Make it short to leave room for more discussion in the other parts of the essay. 2. Argumentative essay should contain a thesis statement in the first paragraph. This is mainly the login of your essay. A thesis statement acts as the basis of your argument in your thesis. In a clear single sentence, it should sum up the point you are trying to make. LibGuides: How to Write a Good Essay: Step 3: Form a Thesis ... A thesis statement is the main point that the content of your essay will support.It is an contestable assertion, usually made in one or two sentences, that makes a clear argument about your research topic. How to Develop an Amazing, Eye-catching Racism Thesis Statement The thesis statement is the backbone of any essay; this is especially true for argument essays. The thesis statement should always be part of the introductory paragraph and tell the reader exactly what the essay will discuss. For an argument essay, the thesis should be all about that argument. This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft. Introduction Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Secrets of a Good Thesis Statement - essay-lib.com Writing - Transitions - in addition, moreover, furthermore, another - Duration: 9:44. English Lessons with Adam - Learn English [engVid] 1,348,680 views How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step by Step | Owlcation Step-by-step instructions on how to write an argumentative essay, including how to craft an enticing introduction, how to write a thesis statement, and how to outline your essay. Classical, Rogerian, and Toulmin argument strategies will also be discussed. Argumentative Thesis Statement | Writing Argument Thesis Topics It is a misconception if you think every thesis statement is an argumentative thesis statement. You can't argue every statement. So beware of "what an argument thesis statement is not" when you write your argumentative thesis statement . How to Write a Good Thesis Statement - thoughtco.com

<urn:uuid:471adb3d-770c-4f8c-8083-13a7875eaa47>

Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character by Paul Tough This US bestseller isn’t quite as simple as the title suggests. This isn’t just a guide for the creation of successful children. The main thrust of the book is the importance of character development in young people. Tough argues that the most important factors in the success of young people are character traits such as resilience, self-control, positivity and ‘grit’. He also cites several studies that show that these character traits were better predictors of final exam results than IQ scores are. He also covers the difficulties of children from below the poverty line, looking at various arguments as to why children from these backgrounds struggle when they are at school. He argues that the reason for this is that pupils from more affluent backgrounds are more resilient, not because of wealth but as a result of character development. Interestingly, he puts this down to a lack of stress in their early years. He states that from a very young age disadvantaged children “find it harder to concentrate, harder to sit still, harder to rebound from disappointments and harder to follow directions.” He also examines the psychology of teenagers and points out that there is something uniquely “out of balance” within them, which makes them particularly susceptible to making bad decisions. If teenagers have unresolved problems from early childhood, the wounds can open, just at the time when building resilience through new experience becomes important. This applies equally to impoverished children and the wealthy. There is an especially interesting passage about the chess coaching of Elizabeth Spiegel at an average state junior high school, with an outstanding chess programme. It detailed the extensive feedback that Spiegel gave to pupils, both on their chess, but also their ‘character’. A particular example was a little uncomfortable, as the reader hears how she berated a boy for ‘stupid moves’ and threatens to withdraw him from a competition. Though the purpose of the story is to illustrate the importance of children learning to reflect on their actions. This is a very provocative book and brings up plenty of talking points. From the point of view of the educator it might have been useful for the author to give some specific advice on the development of character. However, the overriding message of the book will serve as further justification for the use of extra/co curricular activity in schools where academic pressure increases year by year.

<urn:uuid:458d8788-1952-48d2-a268-82b7d2e3041c>

Motion Pictures as entertainment were very much an icon of the twenty-first century, beginning with silent films, and continuing through the CGI laced pictures of today. As film evolved, and the capabilities of the genre were developed, some filmmakers pushed the envelope, creating images on celluloid which literally changed history. Characters and images were created which withstood the passage of time and remain relevant, some as part of culture, or as language, or as legend. Films became a means of communication, and in the hands of skilled entertainers and propagandists changed public perceptions and visions of the future. Long before humanity first sojourned into space it was accomplished, albeit as fictional entertainment, on film. Politicians used the popularity of film to create images, equally fictional, of utopian society. Even as pure entertainment, film created perceptions which have survived since the earliest days, when full length pictures often lasted as little as twenty minutes. There have been filmmakers in the form of actors, producers, and directors which created a fictional world which altered perceptions of the real world, and still do, a century after the flickering images first unfold before awestruck audiences. The public was educated, often subtly and without their being aware of it, through the magic of entertainment. And by subtly altering public perceptions filmmakers changed history, for better or worse. Some changes have been as minor as simply adding phrases to the language, others have had more far reaching consequences. Here are some example of filmmakers who changed history. 1. D. W. Griffith and the creation of the feature film What became known as the feature film, that motion picture which occupied the top space on the marquee and attracted an audience to theaters, is credited to American filmmaker D. W. Griffith. Eventually, Griffith made over 500 films, but it was his rendition of 1915’s The Birth of a Nation for which he is most famous, or infamous, depending upon one’s view. In the film he pioneered the technique known as the close-up. He was also one of the founders of the studio United Artists (along with Charles Chaplin, Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks), as well as the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which awards the statues known as the Oscars, film’s highest prize. As with an untold number of films made since, The Birth of a Nation was based on a popular novel, 1905’s The Clansman. Griffith’s film, controversial today, was equally controversial at the time of its release, and the NAACP attempted to prevent its being shown, though it achieved the highest total of box office earnings ever achieved up to its time. Griffith responded to the criticism over his portrayal of blacks as slaves and in the Jim Crow South by protesting against censorship, and by making a film he titled Intolerance, which depicted four different periods of persecution based upon religious beliefs. Among them was the persecution of Jesus Christ. Despite his many contributions to the art of motion picture production (among them the close-up, mood lighting, dramatic camera angles rather than the presentation of action as if it were on a stage, and others) he is often villainized as a propagandist who used the medium to foster racism. Whether such an opinion is justified is still debated today.

<urn:uuid:c5ca87f8-4dfe-42e4-9849-4d70a87c0aaa>

Suspension is defined as a time period during which something temporarily stops or is put on hold. (Prosody) A rhythm break or caesura A halt or stay, as on a trip: A period of inactivity, relaxation, or sleep: A usually short period of rest or relief. A period in the school day during which students are given time to play or relax. The definition of an interval is a space or a period of time between things. An intervening episode, feature, or period of time: An interval of time between one event, process, or period and another. The definition of a cessation is an ending. The definition of an armistice is an agreement for a temporary stop to a war. (Informal) A pause as for rest The time interval between initiating a query, transmission, or process, and receiving or detecting the results, often given as an average value over a large number of events. An engagement between troops or ships: Find another word for intermissions. In this page you can discover 18 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for intermissions, like: suspensions, interruptions, breaks, pauses, waits, stops, rests, respites, recesses, intervals and interludes.

<urn:uuid:96aeef2f-e89b-48be-ba97-1148bc1daa6e>

Keep wearing masks and social distancing — it works, new McMaster study says N95 masks provide the best protection, the study says Masks and social distancing can help control the coronavirus but hand washing and other measures are still needed, a new study from Hamilton's McMaster University says. Researchers concluded single-layer cloth masks are less effective than surgical masks, while tight-fitting N95 masks provide the best protection. A distance of 1 metre (more than 3 feet) between people lowers the danger of catching the virus, while 2 metres (about 6 1/2 feet) is even better. Eye protection such as eyeglasses or goggles can help too. None of the strategies work perfectly and more rigorous studies are needed, according to the analysis published Monday. The report says "The risk for infection is highly dependent on distance to the individual infected and the type of face mask and eye protection worn." With the coronavirus still new, health officials have relied on studies involving its cousins, severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. The findings come from a systematic review of 44 studies, including seven involving the virus causing COVID-19. The remaining focused on SARS or MERS. Researchers say their study "identified 172 observational studies across 16 countries and six continents, with no randomised controlled trials and 44 relevant comparative studies in health-care and non-health-care settings." That included 25,697 patients. "This puts all that information clearly in one place for policymakers to use," said study co-author Dr. Derek Chu of McMaster University in Hamilton. Read the full study here. The report says "Our findings are, to the best of our knowledge, the first to rapidly synthesise all direct information on COVID-19 and, therefore, provide the best available evidence to inform optimum use of three common and simple interventions to help reduce the rate of infection and inform non-pharmaceutical interventions, including pandemic mitigation in non-health-care settings." Still to come are results from more rigorous experiments in Canada and Denmark that are testing masks in randomly assigned groups of nurses and the general public. Until then, the new study in the journal Lancet provides reassurance that masks do help. Public health officials have given conflicting advice about masks. The World Health Organization, which funded the new analysis, has said healthy people need to wear a mask only if they are caring for a person with COVID-19. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wants everyone to wear at least a cloth mask when grocery shopping or in similar situations where keeping distance is difficult.

<urn:uuid:be1a75bf-ae2a-4b2a-af5b-ba4f34b642cf>

When the first reports of swine flu - so described because of its apparent origins in pigs, but since renamed less provocatively as A(H1N1) - appeared in Mexico last month, the prospect of a global pandemic set alarm bells ringing in medical and political circles around the world. So far our worst fears have failed to materialise. As of May 14, although 61 people have died - out of more than 6,000 infected - 56 of these have been in Mexico where the outbreak originated. And many parts of the world, including Africa and South Asia, have yet to confirm any cases at all (see "Severe swine flu projections divide scientists"). But this doesn't mean we can be complacent. Initial outbreaks of a relatively benign form of flu have often been followed several months later by a much more virulent strain as the virus mutates. This was the case in 1918 when “Spanish flu” killed perhaps as many as 100 million people worldwide. And it is widely acknowledged that, if this happened again, people in developing countries could be most at risk. This is partly because closer living conditions help a contagious virus spread rapidly, but also because many countries lack diagnostic facilities, anti-flu treatments and vaccinations. Bridging the gap To its credit the WHO, which is leading the global responses to the pandemic, has prioritised equitable treatment for developing countries. Led by Margaret Chan - who came to international prominence in 2003 as Hong Kong's chief medical officer in charge of a campaign against the SARS virus - the WHO has been twisting the arms of vaccine producers to ensure enough vaccine will be available, at affordable cost, for rich and poor alike. Recently the WHO's director for vaccine research, Marie-Paule Kieny, said the agency was already taking steps behind the scenes to ensure that, if a major vaccine programme is launched, manufacturers will take developing countries' needs fully into account (see WHO “will ensure poor receive swine flu vaccine”). And some developing countries are already planning their own vaccine production programs. Indonesia, for example, is building research facilities to produce a single vaccine for both the swine and bird flu viruses. Health authorities cannot confirm when they will be able to start making a vaccine, but construction of at least one facility is almost finished. Pharmaceutical companies and government research institutions in India have similarly agreed this week to explore whether they have the capability and technology to produce a domestic vaccine in case a second wave of A(H1N1) hits later this year. There is a long way to go, of course, before these countries can equal the production capacity of the developed world. But their willingness to invest in key technologies - spurred, no doubt, by the prospect of growing markets in other developing countries - is welcome. Their efforts are made easier by the US Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia, which is releasing free samples of the A(H1N1) virus essential for vaccine production. This welcome openness of the US authorities stands in contrast to the tight control of intellectual property usually encountered in the global pharmaceutical industry. It is not too fanciful to suggest that informed media coverage - helped by instant and comprehensive online reporting - has contributed to the current state of affairs. Discuss in our Forums See what other readers are saying about this article! Click here to read & post comments. 4 posts so far.

<urn:uuid:ea9f0407-4112-4a56-9660-9d16bf6faf57>

Plutarch's parallel biographies of the great men in Greek and Roman history are cornerstones of European literature, drawn on by writers and statesmen since the Renaissance, most notably by Shakespeare. This selection provides intimate glimpses into the lives of these men, depicting, as he put it, 'those actions which illuminate the workings of the soul'. We learn why the mild Artaxerxes forced the killer of his usurping brother to undergo the horrific 'death of two boats'; why the noble Dion repeatedly risked his life for the ungrateful mobs of Syracuse; why Demosthenes delivered a funeral oration for the soldiers he had deserted in battle; and why Alexander, the most enigmatic of tyrants, self-destructed after conquering half the world. See more books from this Author Published March 1, 2012 History, Biographies & Memoirs, Literature & Fiction.

<urn:uuid:410c43a9-0ee8-484a-b0e7-7b2973955118>

Transplants are grown and shipped locally or over long distances. Shipping conditions and time in transit depend on the distance travelled. Local growers may receive transplants in trays they were grown in while those shipped long distances are pulled and packed in boxes. Plant field performance is directly correlated with seedling vigor at the time of transplanting. Factors which can affect transplant vigor during growing and shipping include the plant hardening techniques employed, mechanical injury at any stage of plant growing, shipping and planting, length and conditions of transit, and storage prior to transplanting. Mechanical injury begins as soon as the plants are removed from the tray, while reduced watering and/or nutrition during hardening may have a long term effect on plant productivity. High temperature during shipping, packing plants too densely, and prolonged storage in the dark can reduce subsequent yields. Knowledge of proper conditions for transplant pre- and post-harvest handling and shipping are not clearly understood by many transplant producers and growers. Such knowledge can greatly improve transplant vigor and potentially give growers better yields.

<urn:uuid:ef8a9639-61f3-4536-914b-167201d63367>

26 relations: AT (form factor), Computer, Computer case, Digital-to-analog converter, Floppy disk, Germany, Hard disk drive, IEEE 1284, Industry Standard Architecture, Linux distribution, Microcomputer, Microprocessor, Model F keyboard, Motherboard, Motorola 68040, Motorola 68060, Operating system, Parallel ATA, Programmable logic device, Real-time clock, RS-232, SIMM, Sinclair QDOS, Sinclair QL, SMSQ/E, United Kingdom. In the era of IBM compatible personal computers, the AT form factor referred to the dimensions and layout (form factor) of the motherboard for the IBM AT. A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming. A computer case, also known as a computer chassis, tower, system unit or cabinet, is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer (usually excluding the display, keyboard and mouse). In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a system that converts a digital signal into an analog signal. A floppy disk, also called a floppy, diskette, or just disk, is a type of disk storage composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic enclosure lined with fabric that removes dust particles. Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe. A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material. IEEE 1284 is a standard that defines bi-directional parallel communications between computers and other devices. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is a retronym term for the 16-bit internal bus of IBM PC/AT and similar computers based on the Intel 80286 and its immediate successors during the 1980s. A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system. A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). A microprocessor is a computer processor that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits. The Model F was a series of computer keyboards produced from 1981–1994 by IBM and later Lexmark. A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, baseboard, planar board or logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in general purpose microcomputers and other expandable systems. The Motorola 68040 ("sixty-eight-oh-forty") is a 32-bit microprocessor from Motorola, released in 1990. The Motorola 68060 ("sixty-eight-oh-sixty") is a 32-bit microprocessor from Motorola released in 1994. An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. Parallel ATA (PATA), originally, is an interface standard for the connection of storage devices such as hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, and optical disc drives in computers. A programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits. A real-time clock (RTC) is a computer clock (most often in the form of an integrated circuit) that keeps track of the current time. In telecommunications, RS-232, Recommended Standard 232 is a standard introduced in 1960 for serial communication transmission of data. A SIMM, or single in-line memory module, is a type of memory module containing random-access memory used in computers from the early 1980s to the late 1990s. QDOS is the multitasking operating system found on the Sinclair QL personal computer and its clones. The Sinclair QL (for Quantum leap), is a personal computer launched by Sinclair Research in 1984, as an upper-end counterpart to the Sinclair ZX Spectrum. SMSQ/E is a computer operating system originally developed in France by Tony Tebby, the designer of the original QDOS operating system for the Sinclair QL personal computer. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

<urn:uuid:a76fad4e-5ec9-488a-b5a7-a8a407f9adb1>