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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ด์—๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ตœ์ „๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As we approach a new century, we also find ourselves on the frontier of a new world.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It is a world undergoing profound change.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ†ต์ œ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ž์œ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We have watched as dictatorships and controlled economies have given way to democracy and free markets in country after country.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ๋ถ„์—ด๊ณผ ์ฆ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We have watched old divisions and hatreds recede or vanish.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‰ํ™”์™€ ๋ฒˆ์˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And we have watched new opportunities for peace and prosperity unfold.
๋™์‹œ ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „์„ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์˜› ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
At the same time, we have watched change generate new challenges and intensify old ones.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์ „, ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์†๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The challenge of poverty, the challenge of shrinking resources and accelerated global competition.
์ธ์ข…์ ์ธ, ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ, ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ํ‰ํ™”๊ณต์กด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The challenge of peaceful coexistence in the face of ethnic, religious, cultural and political differences.
๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”, ์ฆ‰ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฏผ
And most of all, the challenge of putting people first, of including all citizens
๋‚จ๋…€, ๋ถ€์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ์ž, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…ํŒŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
men and women, rich and poor, people of all races and creeds
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ž์›์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํŒŒ๊ดด์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Today, too many nations waste precious resources on building and acquiring weapons of mass destruction, on staging wars and doing violence to basic human rights, instead of investing in their people.
๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ธ์ ์ž์›๋„ ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰ํƒœ๋กœ ์ฐฉ์ทจ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Too often natural resources are destroyed and human ones exploited through irresponsible social behavior.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ‰ํ™”์™€ ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์— ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And too much time is spent in naked pursuit of power instead of working for peace and prosperity.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๋ก ๊ณ„์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋˜, ๊ณต์ง์— ์žˆ๋˜, ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋˜, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
whether we are in the media, in public life, in corporations, or as volunteers
์ •๋ถ€, ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ฐฝ์˜์™€ ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
is to think hard about how governments, businesses and citizens can help create conditions that encourage individual initiative and a vibrant civic life.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋˜ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ์ธ๋„, ๋„คํŒ”, ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์™€ ์Šค๋ฆฌ๋ž‘์นด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
was that social development and economic development go hand in hand.
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ต์—ญ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You cannot have sustainable markets and trade without investing in human potential.
๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์— ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค, ๋ฌธ๋งน, ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒํ˜œํƒ, ์˜ค๋žœ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋Œ€์šฐ์˜ ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
During my trip to South Asia, I saw example after example of women struggling to overcome poverty, illiteracy, inadequate health care and longstanding forms of discrimination.
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ๋“  ๋ˆ์„ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ ์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I saw poor and illiterate women who had organized around their capacity to borrow and save money, and were beginning to lift themselves and their families out of acute poverty.
์ด์œค์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ํŒ” ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ณต์˜ˆํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I saw women who had acquired skills to make crafts they could sell for profit.
์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๋”ธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I saw women insisting that their daughters be given the same opportunities for schooling as their sons.
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์œ ์˜์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Development experts tell us that where women lack the tools of opportunity, children tend to be less educated and less well-nourished.
๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Families tend to be larger and poorer.
์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ๋งน์ธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ œ๋„๋“ค์ด ๋” ๊นจ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์กด์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Where women remain illiterate, we find that democratic institutions are more fragile and the environment less well-managed.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋นˆ๊ณค์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We have seen how the education of girls and women in parts of Asia and South America has lifted whole regions out of poverty.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We are learning around the world, and relearning here at home, that where women prosper, countries prosper.
์š”๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก์€ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
a culinary education doesn't come cheap.
์—๋”” "๊ทธ์›ฌ" ์•„๋ผ์šฐ์กฐ 2์„ธ ์‚ด์ธ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์–‘์„ฑ์• ์ž์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ 10๋Œ€ ํ”ผ์‚ด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋กœ ์ง€์นญ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ์ง€์นญ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‹ค.
has raised a question of grammar with serious implications for transgender people _ should the slain teen who lived as a girl be referred to as he or she?
AP ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์–ธ๋ก ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์ดˆ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
News media, including The Associated Press, initially used the masculine pronoun.
์–‘์„ฑ์• ์ž ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์–ผํ„ฐ๋„ˆํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฃน "๋…ธ๋‹ค์šฐํŠธ"์˜ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ์›ฌ ์Šคํ…ŒํŒŒ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ํƒํ•œ ์•„๋ผ์šฐ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์นญ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค๋ก€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Transgender activists saw the masculine pronoun as disrespectful _ saying it was clear that Araujo, who adopted the name Gwen after singer Gwen Stefani of the alternative rock group No Doubt, would have wanted to be referred to as a girl.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ์„ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Others argued that allowing people to essentially self-declare their gender without undergoing a physical change is too subjective an approach to grammar.
AP ํ†ต์‹ ์€ ์•„๋ผ์šฐ์กฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ž…็ฝฎ๏ผŸ ๋’ค ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ ๋‰ด์–ดํฌ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ 10๋Œ€ ํ”ผ์‚ด์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After gathering more information from Araujoโ€™s family, The AP decided to switch to the feminine pronoun when referring to the slain teenager from Newark, California.
AP ํ†ต์‹  ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋ถ์—๋Š” "์–‘์„ฑ์• ์ž"๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ "์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”"๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The AP stylebook doesn't have an entry for ``transgender,โ€™โ€™ but does address the issue in part under ``sex changes:
"(ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์š”๋ฒ•, ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถœ์ƒ์‹œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
``Use the pronoun preferred by the individuals who have acquired the physical characteristics (by hormone therapy, body modification, or surgery) of the opposite sex and present themselves in a way that does not *correspond with their sex *at birth.
์–ด๋Š ํ•œ์ชฝ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์„ ํ‘œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค."
If that preference is not expressed, use the pronoun consistent with the way the individuals live publicly.โ€™
์•„๋ผ์šฐ์กฐ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฌ์ž ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ํ™”์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธธ๋ €๋‹ค.
Araujo presented herself consistently as female _ wearing womenโ€™s clothing, makeup and long hair.
์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ธ ์‹ค๋น„์•„ ๊ตฌ์—๋ ˆ๋กœ์˜ ๋ง์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ผ์šฐ์กฐ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฐœ๋ช… ํƒ„์›์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•„๋ผ์šฐ์กฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Araujo also intended to have sex-change surgery, according to her mother, Sylvia Guerrero, who had promised the teen she would file a name-change petition after that was accomplished.
๊ตฌ์—๋ ˆ๋กœ๋Š” AP ํ†ต์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ "์•„๋ผ์šฐ์กฐ๋Š” โ€˜์—ฌ์žโ€™๊ฐ€ ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋œป์—์„œ โ€˜๊ทธ๋…€โ€™๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ด๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``He was going to be a `sheโ€™ and so we can go by `sheโ€™ out of respect to her,โ€™โ€™ Guerrero told The AP.
์•„๋ผ์šฐ์กฐ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€๋…€์˜จ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Switching the habit of a lifetime has been tough for Araujoโ€™s mother.
๊ตฌ์—๋ ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„์ด์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์™ธ์ถœํ•  ๋•Œ "๊ทธ์›ฌ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์• ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Although Guerrero tried hard to use ``Gwenโ€™โ€™ when they were out in public _ partly for her childโ€™s safety _ she says she sometimes *slipped up, much to her teenโ€™s *chagrin.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ "๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€๋‹ค.
``It's not that I'm disrespecting you.
๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—„๋งˆ๋กœ์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ โ€˜์—๋””โ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ โ€˜๊ทธ์›ฌโ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜.
I respect you very much,โ€™โ€™ she remembers telling the teen.
๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Economic theory suggests that better human capital is an important source of growth.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Measuring it is devilishly difficult.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค.
Investing in people is a popular political goal in rich and poor countries alike.
๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Rich-country politicians talk of "skill deficits" and the need to improve training;
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋” ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
in poorer countries, the emphasis is on better health and general education.
์ด ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์†Œ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ, ์ฆ‰ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ๊ต์œก, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
that is the health, education and skills of the workforce.
ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋ก ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ณต์žฅ ์„ค๋น„๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์  ์ž๋ณธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์ถ•์ ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
According to modern growth theories, the accumulation of human as well as physical capital is a powerful engine of economic growth.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
But to gauge the effects of improved human capital, economists need to be able to measure it.
๋ถˆํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์ผ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
Unfortunately, this is far from simple.
๊ต์œก์ด ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹์ž์œจ(่ญ˜ๅญ—๏ง›)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Early attempts to measure its contribution to human capital made use of literacy rates.
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค.
In practice this is unsatisfactory.
์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ธ ์ค„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The definition of literacy is subjective.
๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ธ ์ค„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด, ์ฆ‰, ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์ฑ„, ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋งŒ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
More important, the test captures only a basic level of education, ignoring the differences among literate people, some of whom are much better educated than others.
๊ต์œก์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•™๊ต ์ž…ํ•™์œจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Another way of measuring the quantity of education is to use school enrollment ratios.
์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The main difficulty with this is that such ratios measure future, rather than present, human capital.
ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋จผ ์žฅ๋ž˜์—๋‚˜ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Today's schoolchildren will not be part of the productive labor force until far into the future.
๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•˜๋ฐ”๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์™€ ๊ณ ๋ ค ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ด ์ข…ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The best attempt at measuring education across countries to date has been made by Robert Barro, an economist at Harvard University, and Lee Jong-Wha from Korea University.
1993๋…„์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 1960๋…„๊ณผ 1985๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด ์˜ 129๊ฐœ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก์ด์ˆ˜์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
In 1993 they published a comparison of educational attainment ratios for 129 countries between 1960 and 1985.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€(์ฆ‰, ๋ฌดํ•™๋ ฅ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก, ์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก, ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก)์„ ์ด์ˆ˜ํ•œ 25์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
This calculated the proportion of men and women over 25 who had completed different levels of schooling (ie, none;
component ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œย ย  some things to be desired ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ ๋“คย ย  snag ์žฅ์• , ์•”์ดˆ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ :
Although their results are widely used by economists as a measure of the educational component of human capital, they still leave some things to be desired.
๋น„๋ก ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธก์ • ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
One snag is the varying quality of education:
accurately ์ค‘์‹ฌ, ์ค‘์ถ”ย ย  so much ๊ทธ ๋งŒํผย ย  fail to do ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹คย ย  distinguish ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹คย ย  classical Greek ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด
Moreover, even if educational quality could be accurately measured in these ways, the results would tell you only so much.
ํŠนํžˆ, ํ•™์ฐฝ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
people who spent their school days studying classical Greek may have less productive human capital than those who studied computer science.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
One way of overcoming these difficulties is to measure human capital by looking at wages.
์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์บ์‹œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜์˜ ํผํŽ˜์šฐ ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ž๋น„์—๋ฅด ์‚ด๋ผ์ด ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ ๊ทผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋“์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
In a recent paper, Casey Mulligan from the University of Chicago and Xavier Sala-i-Martin from Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona tried to calculate an index of human capital based on labor incomes.
ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์–‘์€ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ๋‹ค.
The idea is that the amount of human capital a person possesses should be reflected in pay.
๋น„๋ก ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž„๊ธˆ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ณ ๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋‚ณ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Although this wage-based approach to measurement avoids some of the pitfalls that come from equating levels of education directly with human capital, it creates others.
์šฐ์„  ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์„ฑํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค.
For a start, the approach depends on having detailed information both about wages and schooling.
๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์”จ์™€ ์‚ด๋ผ์ด ๋งˆํ‹ด ์”จ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž…์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
Messrs Mulligan and Sala-i-Martin calculated their index for the United States, where statistics are available in abundance.
๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ํž˜๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
It would be extremely difficult to replicate this approach in many other countries.
๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ๋…ธ๋™ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋†’์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ด ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋งŒ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
More crucially, the authors assume that labor markets function perfectly and that higher wages are based only on changes in human capital.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋‹ค.
Even in the United States this is a dubious assumption.
๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ, ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Plainly, both approaches to measurement have their drawbacks.
์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Which is best will depend largely upon what countries economists are studying.
ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์™œ๊ณก๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธก์ •์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Where statistics are fragile or labor markets heavily distorted, the best approach is probably to try to improve measurement of education.
๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๋„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
As with much in economics, the importance of human capital is easier to prove in theory than to measure.
์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์‰˜ ์„์œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™˜ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
European governments and environmental groupsย are hailing the Shell Oil company's decisionย to call off its controversial plan to sink an oil rig off Scotland.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ํ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
that could be more dangerous than disposal at sea.
์˜๊ตญ๊ณ„ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํ™”์š”์ผ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์ดˆ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
Officials of the Anglo-Dutch company announced Tuesdayย they were giving up on their original planย because they lacked support.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ๋น„๋‚œ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐํ”ผ์Šค์˜ ํ•ญ์˜์—
Shell's about-face followedย and protests by the environmental group Greenpeace.
๊ตํ™ฉ ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฅด 2์„ธ๋Š” ๊ตํ™ฉ์ฒญ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ์ผ์ฐ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ด๋ธŒ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
VATICAN CITY (AP) _ Pope John Paul II celebrated Christmas Eve Mass early Wednesday against the backdrop of a possible war against Iraq _ a war to which the Vatican is voicing increasing opposition.
๋ชธ์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ตํ™ฉ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฝ‰ ๋“ค์–ด์ฐฌ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ํฌ์ธ์„ธํ‹ฐ์•„๋กœ ์žฅ์‹๋œ ์„ฑ๋ฒ ๋“œ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋‹น์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์•ผ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด๋ผํฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํœด์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งž์•˜๋‹ค.
Peterโ€™s Basilica decorated with red poinsettias, a frail John Paul presided over Midnight Mass, *ushering in one of the most joyous Christian holidays amid mounting tensions between Washington and Baghdad.
์‹ ๋ฌธ์€ 1๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— "์ „์šด์ด ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ดŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์ผ๋‹ค.
``While the clouds of war lengthen, the minds and hearts of men in all continents are drawn to Christmas,โ€™โ€™ the newspaper wrote in a front-page article.
์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ตํ™ฉ์ฒญ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ "์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ" ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฒ•์  ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ์šด๋™์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค
In recent days, top Vatican officials have said a ``preventiveโ€™โ€™ war against Iraq had no legal justification and could spark an anti-Christian campaign in the Muslim world.
์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๋ง๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ทธ๋Š˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ด๋ธŒ ๋•Œ ๊ตํ™ฉ์ฒญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ถ•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋ฒ ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ด‘์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ ๋“ค๋ ˆํ—ด ๊ตฌ์œ ์—์„œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‹ค๋ฌผ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ํƒ„์ƒ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์กŒ๋‹ค.
Despite the shadow cast by the specter of war, Christmas festivities were well under way at the Vatican on Christmas Eve, with the traditional unveiling of the life-sized Nativity scene in St. Peterโ€™s Square, depicting the birth of Jesus in a Bethlehem manger.
๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๊ฒจ์šธ ๋ฐค ์— ๊ตฌ์œ  ์†์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด‘์žฅ ์ฒจํƒ‘ ์˜†์— ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ํฌ๋กœ์•„ํ‹ฐ์•„์‹ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐฑํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋Š” ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์„ฑ๊ฐ€๋Œ€๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค.
Bagpipes played and childrenโ€™s choirs sang on the warm winterโ€™s night as visitors marveled at the *creche and twinkling Croatian Christmas tree that stood tall next to the piazzaโ€™s obelisk.
๊ตํ™ฉ์€ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง„ ํ›„ ๊ด‘์žฅ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„œ์žฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด›๋ถˆ์„ ์ผฐ๋‹ค.
After nightfall, John Paul went to his studio window above the piazza and lit a candle, a silent vigil for peace that has been a hallmark of his 24-year papacy.
์ด›๋ถˆ์€ ๊ตํ™ฉ ์žฌ์ž„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 24๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์˜จ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์นจ๋ฌต ์†์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค.
The pope later emerged for Midnight Mass, looking tired but resplendent in gold-trimmed white *vestments.
82์„ธ์˜ ๊ตํ™ฉ์€ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ๋ณ‘ ์ฆ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ์ž˜ ๊ฑท์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
The 82-year-old pope suffers from the symptoms of Parkinsonโ€™s disease and has trouble walking.
์ฐฌ์†ก๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ ์„ฑ๋‹น ์•ˆ์— ์šธ๋ คํผ์งˆ ๋•Œ 9๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์˜จ ์ „ํ†ต ์˜๋ณต ์ฐจ๋ฆผ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด 12๋ช…์ด ์„ฑ๋‹น ์ œ๋‹จ์— ํ™”ํ™˜์„ ๋ฐ”์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตํ™ฉ์€ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
As hymns rang out in the marble basilica, 12 children from nine countries and dressed in traditional costumes presented wreaths to the church altar as John Paul looked on smiling.
๊ตํ™ฉ์€ ์„ค๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตฌ์œ  ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์•„๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋Š” "์ž์œ ์™€ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์• ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
In his *homily, the pope recalled the image of the baby Jesus in the manger, saying he was ``born for a humanity searching for freedom and peace.โ€™
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์ฒด์ œ ์ธ์‚ฌ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์˜ ์šด๋ช…
The fate of American dissident Harry Wu:
์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์›์€ ๊ฐ„์ฒฉ ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ 15๋…„์˜ ๊ฐ์˜ฅํ˜•์„ ์„ ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
a Chinese court has found him guilty of spying and other charges,ย sentencing him to 15 years in prison.
์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๊ตญํ•˜๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€
while trying to enter China from Kazakhstan.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— 7์›”์—๋„ ๊ฐ„์ฒฉ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์—ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ถ€ ํ˜ธ๋ถ์„ฑ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ์šฐํ•œ ์‹œ(ๅธ‚)๋กœ ์ด์†ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
He was formerly arrested in July on spying charges,ย and he was later taken to Wuhan, a city in central Hubei province.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์•„์ด์Šค๋„ˆ๋„ ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
cried Sumner Redstone of Viacom, and Disney's Eisner agreed.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค ์ฝฅ์˜ ๋ŸฌํผํŠธ ๋จธ๋…์€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค.
On the other side of the great divide, Rupert Murdoch of News Corp.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์€ ๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค:
The debate becomes moot with Disney's epic deal: